diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw/ext.py python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw/ext.py
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw/ext.py	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw/ext.py	2022-11-27 06:12:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+# Provides various useful routines
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+import collections, collections.abc
+import sys
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    from types import NoneType
+else:
+    NoneType = type(None)
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass, make_dataclass
+
+from typing import Optional, Tuple, Union, List, Any, Dict, Callable, Sequence
+import functools
+import abc
+
+import apsw
+
+try:
+    from keyword import iskeyword as _iskeyword
+except ImportError:
+    # From https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#keywords
+    _keywords = set("""
+    False      await      else       import     pass
+    None       break      except     in         raise
+    True       class      finally    is         return
+    and        continue   for        lambda     try
+    as         def        from       nonlocal   while
+    assert     del        global     not        with
+    async      elif       if         or         yield
+    """.split())
+
+    def _iskeyword(s: str) -> bool:
+        return s in _keywords
+
+
+class DataClassRowFactory:
+    """Returns each row as a :mod:`dataclass <dataclasses>`, accessible by column name.
+
+    To use set an instance as :attr:`Connection.rowtrace
+    <apsw.Connection.rowtrace>` to affect all :class:`cursors
+    <apsw.Cursor>`, or on a specific cursor::
+
+        connection.rowtrace = apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory()
+        for row in connection.execute("SELECT title, sum(orders) AS total, ..."):
+            # You can now access by name
+            print (row.title, row.total)
+            # you can get the underlying description
+            print (row.__description__)
+
+    You can use as many instances of this class as you want, each across as many
+    :class:`connections <apsw.Connection>` as you want.
+
+    :param rename:     Column names could be duplicated, or not
+        valid in Python (eg a column named `continue`).
+        If `rename` is True, then invalid/duplicate names are replaced
+        with `_` and their position starting at zero.  For example `title,
+        total, title, continue` would become `title, total, _2, _3`.  If
+        `rename` is False then problem column names will result in
+        :exc:`TypeError` raised by :func:`dataclasses.make_dataclass`
+
+    :param dataclass_kwargs: Additional parameters when creating the dataclass
+       as described in :func:`dataclasses.dataclass`.  For example you may
+       want `frozen = True` to make the dataclass read-only, or `slots = True`
+       to reduce memory consumption.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *, rename: bool = True, dataclass_kwargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None):
+        self.dataclass_kwargs = dataclass_kwargs or {}
+        self.rename = rename
+
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=16)
+    def get_dataclass(self, description: Tuple[Tuple[str, str], ...]) -> Tuple[Any, Tuple[str, ...]]:
+        """Returns dataclass and tuple of (potentially renamed) column names
+
+        The dataclass is what is returned for each row with that
+        :meth:`description <apsw.Cursor.getdescription>`
+
+        This method caches it results.
+        """
+        names = [d[0] for d in description]
+        if self.rename:
+            new_names: List[str] = []
+            for i, n in enumerate(names):
+                if n.isidentifier() and not _iskeyword(n) and n not in new_names:
+                    new_names.append(n)
+                else:
+                    new_names.append(f"_{ i }")
+            names = new_names
+        types = [self.get_type(d[1]) for d in description]
+
+        kwargs = self.dataclass_kwargs.copy()
+        if "namespace" not in kwargs:
+            kwargs["namespace"] = {}
+        kwargs["namespace"]["__description__"] = description
+
+        # some magic to make the reported classnames different
+        suffix = (".%06X" % hash(repr(description)))[:7]
+
+        return make_dataclass(f"{ self.__class__.__name__ }{ suffix }", zip(names, types), **kwargs), tuple(names)
+
+    def get_type(self, t: Optional[str]) -> Any:
+        """Returns the `type hint <https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html>`__ to use in the dataclass based on the type in the :meth:`description <apsw.Cursor.getdescription>`
+
+        `SQLite's affinity rules  <https://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html#affname>`__ are followed.
+
+        The values have no effect on how your program runs, but can be used by tools like
+        mypy.  Column information like whether `null` is allowed is not present, so
+        this is just a hint.
+        """
+        if not t:
+            return Any
+        # From 3.1 https://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html
+        t = t.upper()
+        if "INT" in t:
+            return int
+        if "CHAR" in t or "CLOB" in t or "TEXT" in t:
+            return str
+        if "BLOB" in t:
+            return bytes
+        if "REAL" in t or "FLOA" in t or "DOUB" in t:
+            return float
+        return Union[float, int]
+
+    def __call__(self, cursor: apsw.Cursor, row: apsw.SQLiteValues) -> Any:
+        """What the row tracer calls
+
+        This :meth:`looks up <get_dataclass>` the dataclass and column
+        names, and then returns an instance of the dataclass.
+        """
+        dc, column_names = self.get_dataclass(cursor.getdescription())
+        return dc(**dict(zip(column_names, row)))
+
+
+class SQLiteTypeAdapter(abc.ABC):
+    """A metaclass to indicate conversion to SQLite types is supported
+
+    This is one way to indicate your type supports conversion to a
+    value supported by SQLite.  You can either inherit from this class,
+    or call the register method::
+
+       apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter.register(YourClassHere)
+
+    Doing either is entirely sufficient and there is no need to
+    register with :class:`TypesConverterCursorFactory`
+    """
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def to_sqlite_value(self) -> apsw.SQLiteValue:
+        "Return a SQLite compatible value for this object"
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class TypesConverterCursorFactory:
+    """Provides cursors that can convert objects into one of the types supported by SQLite. or back from SQLite
+
+    :param metaclass: Which metaclass to consider as conversion capable
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, abstract_base_class: abc.ABCMeta = SQLiteTypeAdapter):
+        self.abstract_base_class = abstract_base_class
+        # to sqlite value
+        self.adapters: Dict[type, Callable[[Any], apsw.SQLiteValue]] = {}
+        # from sqlite value
+        self.converters: Dict[str, Callable[[apsw.SQLiteValue], Any]] = {}
+
+    def register_adapter(self, klass: type, callable: Callable[[Any], apsw.SQLiteValue]) -> None:
+        """Registers a callable that converts from `klass` to one of the supported SQLite types"""
+        self.adapters[klass] = callable
+
+    def register_converter(self, name: str, callable: Callable[[apsw.SQLiteValue], Any]) -> None:
+        """Registers a callable that converts from a SQLite value"""
+        self.converters[name] = callable
+
+    def __call__(self, connection: apsw.Connection) -> TypeConverterCursor:
+        "Returns a new :class:`cursor <apsw.Cursor>` for the `connection`"
+        return TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor(connection, self)
+
+    def adapt_value(self, value: Any) -> apsw.SQLiteValue:
+        "Returns SQLite representation of `value`"
+        if isinstance(value, (int, bytes, str, NoneType, float)):
+            return value
+        if isinstance(value, self.abstract_base_class):
+            return value.to_sqlite_value()
+        adapter = self.adapters.get(type(value))
+        if not adapter:
+            raise TypeError(f"No adapter registered for type { type(value) }")
+        return adapter(value)
+
+    def convert_value(self, schematype: str, value: apsw.SQLiteValue) -> Any:
+        "Returns Python object from schema type and SQLite value"
+        converter = self.converters.get(schematype)
+        if not converter:
+            return value
+        return converter(value)
+
+    def wrap_bindings(self, bindings: Optional[apsw.Bindings]) -> Optional[apsw.Bindings]:
+        "Wraps bindings that are supplied to underlying execute"
+        if bindings is None:
+            return None
+        if isinstance(bindings, (dict, collections.abc.Mapping)):
+            return TypesConverterCursorFactory.DictAdapter(self, bindings)
+        # turn into a list since PySequence_Fast does that anyway
+        return [self.adapt_value(v) for v in bindings]
+
+    def wrap_sequence_bindings(self, sequenceofbindings: Sequence[apsw.Bindings]):
+        for binding in sequenceofbindings:
+            yield self.wrap_bindings(binding)
+
+    class DictAdapter(collections.abc.Mapping):
+        "Used to wrap dictionaries supplied as bindings"
+
+        def __init__(self, factory: TypesConverterCursorFactory, data: collections.abc.Mapping[str, apsw.SQLiteValue]):
+            self.data = data
+            self.factory = factory
+
+        def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> apsw.SQLiteValue:
+            return self.factory.adapt_value(self.data[key])
+
+        def __iter__(self):
+            "Required by mapping, but not used"
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        def __len__(self):
+            "Required by mapping, but not used"
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+    class TypeConverterCursor(apsw.Cursor):
+        "Cursor used to do conversions"
+
+        def __init__(self, connection: apsw.Connection, factory: TypesConverterCursorFactory):
+            super().__init__(connection)
+            self.factory = factory
+            self.rowtrace = self._rowtracer
+
+        def _rowtracer(self, cursor: apsw.Cursor, values: apsw.SQLiteValues) -> Tuple[Any, ...]:
+            return tuple(self.factory.convert_value(d[1], v) for d, v in zip(cursor.getdescription(), values))
+
+        def execute(self,
+                    statements: str,
+                    bindings: Optional[apsw.Bindings] = None,
+                    *,
+                    can_cache: bool = True,
+                    prepare_flags: int = 0) -> apsw.Cursor:
+            """Executes the statements doing conversions on supplied and returned values
+
+            See :meth:`apsw.Cursor.execute` for parameter details"""
+            return super().execute(statements,
+                                   self.factory.wrap_bindings(bindings),
+                                   can_cache=can_cache,
+                                   prepare_flags=prepare_flags)
+
+        def executemany(self,
+                        statements: str,
+                        sequenceofbindings: Sequence[apsw.Bindings],
+                        *,
+                        can_cache: bool = True,
+                        prepare_flags: int = 0) -> apsw.Cursor:
+            """Executes the statements against each item in sequenceofbindings, doing conversions on supplied and returned values
+
+            See :meth:`apsw.Cursor.executemany` for parameter details"""
+            return super().executemany(statements,
+                                       self.factory.wrap_sequence_bindings(sequenceofbindings),
+                                       can_cache=can_cache,
+                                       prepare_flags=prepare_flags)
+
+
+def query_info(db: apsw.Connection,
+               query: str,
+               bindings: Optional[apsw.Bindings] = None,
+               *,
+               prepare_flags: int = 0,
+               actions: bool = False,
+               expanded_sql: bool = False,
+               explain: bool = False,
+               explain_query_plan: bool = False) -> QueryDetails:
+    """Returns information about the query, but does not run it.
+
+    Set the various parameters to `True` if you also want the
+    actions, expanded_sql, explain, query_plan etc filled in.
+    """
+    res: dict[str, Any] = {"actions": None, "query_plan": None, "explain": None}
+
+    def tracer(cursor: apsw.Cursor, first_query: str, bindings: Optional[apsw.Bindings]):
+        nonlocal res
+        res.update({
+            "first_query": first_query,
+            "query": query,
+            "bindings": bindings,
+            "is_explain": cursor.is_explain,
+            "is_readonly": cursor.is_readonly,
+            "description": cursor.getdescription(),
+            "description_full": None,
+        })
+        if hasattr(cursor, "description_full"):
+            res["description_full"] = cursor.description_full
+
+        assert query == first_query or query.startswith(first_query)
+        res["query_remaining"] = query[len(first_query):] if len(query) > len(first_query) else None
+        res["expanded_sql"] = cursor.expanded_sql if expanded_sql else None
+        return False
+
+    actions_taken = []
+
+    def auther(code, third, fourth, dbname, trigview):
+        a = {"action": code, "action_name": apsw.mapping_authorizer_function[code]}
+        if dbname:
+            a["database_name"] = dbname
+        if trigview:
+            a["trigger_or_view"] = trigview
+
+        # this block corresponds to the table at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html
+        for op, thirdname, fourthname in (
+            (apsw.SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX, "index_name", "table_name"),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE, "table_name", None),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX, "index_name", "table_name"),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE, "table_name", None),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER, "trigger_name", "table_name"),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW, "view_name", None),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER, "trigger_name", "table_name"),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW, "view_name", None),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_DELETE, "table_name", None),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_DROP_INDEX, "index_name", "table_name"),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_DROP_TABLE, "table_name", None),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX, "index_name", "table_name"),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE, "table_name", None),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER, "trigger_name", "table_name"),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW, "view_name", None),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER, "trigger_name", "table_name"),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_DROP_VIEW, "view_name", None),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_INSERT, "table_name", None),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_PRAGMA, "pragma_name", "pragma_value"),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_READ, "table_name", "column_name"),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_SELECT, None, None),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_TRANSACTION, "operation", None),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_UPDATE, "table_name", "column_name"),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_ATTACH, "file_name", None),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_DETACH, "database_name", None),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE, "database_name", "table_name"),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_REINDEX, "index_name", None),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_ANALYZE, "table_name", None),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE, "table_name", "module_name"),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE, "table_name", "module_name"),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_FUNCTION, None, "function_name"),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_SAVEPOINT, "operation", None),
+            (apsw.SQLITE_RECURSIVE, None, None),
+        ):
+            if code == op:
+                if thirdname is not None:
+                    a[thirdname] = third
+                if fourthname is not None:
+                    a[fourthname] = fourth
+                break
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown authorizer code { code }")
+        actions_taken.append(QueryAction(**a))
+        return apsw.SQLITE_OK
+
+    cur = db.cursor()
+    cur.exectrace = tracer
+    if actions:
+        orig_authorizer = db.authorizer
+        db.authorizer = auther
+    try:
+        cur.execute(query, bindings, can_cache=False, prepare_flags=prepare_flags)
+    except apsw.ExecTraceAbort:
+        pass
+    finally:
+        if actions:
+            db.authorizer = orig_authorizer
+    cur.exectrace = None
+    if actions:
+        res["actions"] = actions_taken
+
+    if explain and not res["is_explain"]:
+        vdbe = []
+        for row in cur.execute("EXPLAIN " + res["first_query"], bindings):
+            vdbe.append(
+                VDBEInstruction(**dict((v[0][0], v[1]) for v in zip(cur.getdescription(), row) if v[1] is not None)))
+        res["explain"] = vdbe
+
+    if explain_query_plan and not res["is_explain"]:
+        subn = "sub"
+        byid = {0: {"detail": "QUERY PLAN"}}
+
+        for row in cur.execute("EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN " + res["first_query"], bindings):
+            node = dict((v[0][0], v[1]) for v in zip(cur.getdescription(), row) if v[0][0] != "notused")
+            assert len(node) == 3  # catch changes in returned format
+            parent = byid[node["parent"]]
+            if subn not in parent:
+                parent[subn] = [node]
+            else:
+                parent[subn].append(node)
+            byid[node["id"]] = node
+
+        def flatten(node):
+            res = {"detail": node["detail"]}
+            if subn in node:
+                res[subn] = [QueryPlan(**flatten(child)) for child in node[subn]]
+            return res
+
+        res["query_plan"] = QueryPlan(**flatten(byid[0]))
+
+    return QueryDetails(**res)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class QueryDetails:
+    "A :mod:`dataclass <dataclasses>` that provides detailed information about a query, returned by :func:`query_info`"
+    query: str
+    "Original query provided"
+    bindings: Optional[apsw.Bindings]
+    "Bindings provided"
+    first_query: str
+    "The first statement present in query"
+    query_remaining: Optional[str]
+    "Query text after the first one if multiple were in query, else None"
+    is_explain: int
+    ":attr:`Cursor.is_explain <apsw.Cursor.is_explain>`"
+    is_readonly: bool
+    ":attr:`Cursor.is_readonly <apsw.Cursor.is_readonly>`"
+    description: Tuple[Tuple[str, str], ...]
+    ":meth:`Cursor.getdescription <apsw.Cursor.getdescription>`"
+    description_full: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[str, str, str, str, str], ...]]
+    ":attr:`Cursor.description_full <apsw.Cursor.description_full>`"
+    expanded_sql: Optional[str]
+    ":attr:`Cursor.expanded_sql <apsw.Cursor.expanded_sql>`"
+    actions: Optional[List[QueryAction]]
+    """A list of the actions taken by the query, as discovered via
+    :attr:`Connection.authorizer <apsw.Connection.authorizer>`"""
+    explain: Optional[List[VDBEInstruction]]
+    """A list of instructions of the `internal code <https://sqlite.org/opcode.html>`__
+    used by SQLite to execute the query"""
+    query_plan: Optional[QueryPlan]
+    """The steps taken against tables and indices `described here <https://sqlite.org/eqp.html>`__"""
+
+
+@dataclass
+class QueryAction:
+    """A :mod:`dataclass <dataclasses>` that provides information about one action taken by a query
+
+    Depending on the action, only a subset of the fields will have non-None values"""
+    action: int
+    """`Authorizer code <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__ (also present
+    in :attr:`apsw.mapping_authorizer_function`)"""
+    action_name: str
+    """The string corresponding to the action.  For example `action` could be `21` in which
+    case `action_name` will be `SQLITE_SELECT`"""
+
+    column_name: Optional[str] = None
+    database_name: Optional[str] = None
+    "eg `main`, `temp`, the name in `ATTACH <https://sqlite.org/lang_attach.html>`__"
+    file_name: Optional[str] = None
+    function_name: Optional[str] = None
+    module_name: Optional[str] = None
+    operation: Optional[str] = None
+    pragma_name: Optional[str] = None
+    pragma_value: Optional[str] = None
+    table_name: Optional[str] = None
+    trigger_name: Optional[str] = None
+    trigger_or_view: Optional[str] = None
+    """This action is happening due to a trigger or view, and not
+    directly expressed in the query itself"""
+    view_name: Optional[str] = None
+
+
+@dataclass
+class QueryPlan:
+    "A :mod:`dataclass <dataclasses>` for one step of a query plan"
+    detail: str
+    "Description of this step"
+    sub: Optional[List[QueryPlan]] = None
+    "Steps that run within this one"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class VDBEInstruction:
+    "A :mod:`dataclass <dataclasses>` representing one instruction and its parameters"
+    addr: int
+    "Address of this opcode.  It will be the target of goto, loops etc"
+    opcode: str
+    "The instruction"
+    comment: Optional[str] = None
+    "Additional human readable information"
+    p1: Optional[int] = None
+    "First opcode parameter"
+    p2: Optional[int] = None
+    "Second opcode parameter"
+    p3: Optional[int] = None
+    "Third opcode parameter"
+    p4: Optional[int] = None
+    "Fourth opcode parameter"
+    p5: Optional[int] = None
+    "Fifth opcode parameter"
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw/__init__.pyi python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw/__init__.pyi
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw/__init__.pyi	2022-07-28 14:21:36.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw/__init__.pyi	2022-11-27 06:14:28.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,26 +1,34 @@
 # This file is generated by rst2docstring
 
+import sys
+
 from typing import Union, Tuple, List, Optional, Callable, Any, Dict, \
         Iterator, Sequence, Literal, Set
-from array import array
-from types import TracebackType
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+import array
+import types
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+        from typing import Protocol
 
 SQLiteValue = Union[None, int, float, bytes, str]
 """SQLite supports 5 types - None (NULL), 64 bit signed int, 64 bit
-float, bytes, and unicode text"""
+float, bytes, and str (unicode text)"""
 
 SQLiteValues = Union[Tuple[()], Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...]]
 "A sequence of zero or more SQLiteValue"
 
-Bindings = Union[Sequence[Union[SQLiteValue, zeroblob]], Dict[str, Union[SQLiteValue, zeroblob]]]
+Bindings = Union[Sequence[Union[SQLiteValue, zeroblob]], Mapping[str, Union[SQLiteValue, zeroblob]]]
 """Query bindings are either a sequence of SQLiteValue, or a dict mapping names
-to SQLiteValues.  You can also provide zeroblob in Bindings."""
+to SQLiteValues.  You can also provide zeroblob in Bindings. You can use
+dict subclasses or any type registered with :class:`collections.abc.Mapping`
+for named bindings"""
 
 # Neither TypeVar nor ParamSpec work, when either should
 AggregateT = Any
 "An object provided as first parameter of step and final aggregate functions"
 
-AggregateStep = Union[
+AggregateStep = Union [
         Callable[[AggregateT], None],
         Callable[[AggregateT, SQLiteValue], None],
         Callable[[AggregateT, SQLiteValue, SQLiteValue], None],
@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@
 """Called each time for the start of a new calculation using an aggregate function,
 returning an object, a step function and a final function"""
 
-ScalarProtocol = Union[
+ScalarProtocol = Union [
         Callable[[], SQLiteValue],
         Callable[[SQLiteValue], SQLiteValue],
         Callable[[SQLiteValue, SQLiteValue], SQLiteValue],
@@ -60,73 +68,107 @@
 """Execution tracers are called with the cursor, sql query text, and the bindings
 used.  Return False/None to abort execution, or True to continue"""
 
+Authorizer = Callable[[int, Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[str]], int]
+"""Authorizers are called with an operation code and 4 strings (which could be None) depending
+on the operatation.  Return SQLITE_OK, SQLITE_DENY, or SQLITE_IGNORE"""
+
+CommitHook = Callable[[], bool]
+"""Commit hook is called with no arguments and should return True to abort the commit and False
+to let it continue"""
 
 SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER: int
-def apswversion() -> str: 
+"""The integer version number of SQLite that APSW was compiled
+against.  For example SQLite 3.6.4 will have the value *3006004*.
+This number may be different than the actual library in use if the
+library is shared and has been updated.  Call
+:meth:`sqlitelibversion` to get the actual library version."""
+
+def apswversion() -> str:
     """Returns the APSW version."""
     ...
 
 compile_options: Tuple[str, ...]
-def complete(statement: str) -> bool: 
+"""A tuple of the options used to compile SQLite.  For example it
+will be something like this::
+
+    ('ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE=0', 'TEMP_STORE=1', 'THREADSAFE=1')
+
+Calls: `sqlite3_compileoption_get <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/compileoption_get.html>`__"""
+
+def complete(statement: str) -> bool:
     """Returns True if the input string comprises one or more complete SQL
     statements by looking for an unquoted trailing semi-colon.
-    
+
     An example use would be if you were prompting the user for SQL
     statements and needed to know if you had a whole statement, or
     needed to ask for another line::
-    
+
       statement = input("SQL> ")
       while not apsw.complete(statement):
          more = input("  .. ")
          statement = statement + "\\n" + more
-    
+
     Calls: `sqlite3_complete <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/complete.html>`__"""
     ...
 
-def config(op: int, *args: Any) -> None: 
+def config(op: int, *args: Any) -> None:
     """:param op: A `configuration operation <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_chunkalloc.html>`_
     :param args: Zero or more arguments as appropriate for *op*
-    
+
     Many operations don't make sense from a Python program.  The
     following configuration operations are supported: SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG,
     SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD, SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD,
     SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED, SQLITE_CONFIG_URI, SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS,
     SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN, SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ,
     SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ, and SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL.
-    
+
     See :ref:`tips <diagnostics_tips>` for an example of how to receive
     log messages (SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG)
-    
+
     Calls: `sqlite3_config <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/config.html>`__"""
     ...
 
 connection_hooks: List[Callable[[Connection], None]]
-def enablesharedcache(enable: bool) -> None: 
+"""The purpose of the hooks is to allow the easy registration of
+:meth:`functions <Connection.createscalarfunction>`,
+:ref:`virtual tables <virtualtables>` or similar items with
+each :class:`Connection` as it is created. The default value is an empty
+list. Whenever a Connection is created, each item in
+apsw.connection_hooks is invoked with a single parameter being
+the new Connection object. If the hook raises an exception then
+the creation of the Connection fails.
+
+If you wanted to store your own defined functions in the
+database then you could define a hook that looked in the
+relevant tables, got the Python text and turned it into the
+functions."""
+
+def enablesharedcache(enable: bool) -> None:
     """If you use the same :class:`Connection` across threads or use
     multiple :class:`connections <Connection>` accessing the same file,
     then SQLite can `share the cache between them
     <https://sqlite.org/sharedcache.html>`_.  It is :ref:`not
     recommended <sharedcache>` that you use this.
-    
+
     Calls: `sqlite3_enable_shared_cache <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/enable_shared_cache.html>`__"""
     ...
 
-def exceptionfor(code: int) -> Exception: 
+def exceptionfor(code: int) -> Exception:
     """If you would like to raise an exception that corresponds to a
     particular SQLite `error code
     <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_abort.html>`_ then call this function.
     It also understands `extended error codes
     <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_ioerr_access.html>`_.
-    
+
     For example to raise `SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_ioerr_access.html>`_::
-    
+
       raise apsw.exceptionfor(apsw.SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS)"""
     ...
 
-def fork_checker() -> None: 
+def fork_checker() -> None:
     """**Note** This method is not available on Windows as it does not
     support the fork system call.
-    
+
     SQLite does not allow the use of database connections across `forked
     <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_(operating_system)>`__ processes
     (see the `SQLite FAQ Q6 <https://sqlite.org/faq.html#q6>`__).
@@ -135,12 +177,12 @@
     do this to SQLite then parent and child would both consider
     themselves owners of open databases and silently corrupt each
     other's work and interfere with each other's locks.)
-    
+
     One example of how you may end up using fork is if you use the
     `multiprocessing module
     <http://docs.python.org/library/multiprocessing.html>`__ which uses
     fork to make child processes.
-    
+
     If you do use fork or multiprocessing on a platform that supports
     fork then you **must** ensure database connections and their objects
     (cursors, backup, blobs etc) are not used in the parent process, or
@@ -150,7 +192,7 @@
     are closed.  It is also a good idea to call `gc.collect(2)
     <http://docs.python.org/library/gc.html#gc.collect>`__ to ensure
     anything you may have missed is also deallocated.)
-    
+
     Once you run this method, extra checking code is inserted into
     SQLite's mutex operations (at a very small performance penalty) that
     verifies objects are not used across processes.  You will get a
@@ -160,7 +202,7 @@
     may be reported by Python after the line where the issue actually
     arose.  (Destructors of objects you didn't close also run between
     lines.)
-    
+
     You should only call this method as the first line after importing
     APSW, as it has to shutdown and re-initialize SQLite.  If you have
     any SQLite objects already allocated when calling the method then
@@ -168,674 +210,3509 @@
     checking as part of your test suite."""
     ...
 
-def format_sql_value(value: SQLiteValue) -> str: 
+def format_sql_value(value: SQLiteValue) -> str:
     """Returns a Python string representing the supplied value in SQL syntax."""
     ...
 
-def initialize() -> None: 
+def initialize() -> None:
     """It is unlikely you will want to call this method as SQLite automatically initializes.
-    
+
     Calls: `sqlite3_initialize <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/initialize.html>`__"""
     ...
 
 keywords: Set[str]
-def log(errorcode: int, message: str) -> None: 
+"""A set containing every SQLite keyword
+
+Calls:
+  * `sqlite3_keyword_count <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/keyword_check.html>`__
+  * `sqlite3_keyword_name <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/keyword_check.html>`__"""
+
+def log(errorcode: int, message: str) -> None:
     """Calls the SQLite logging interface.  Note that you must format the
     message before passing it to this method::
-    
+
         apsw.log(apsw.SQLITE_NOMEM, f"Need { needed } bytes of memory")
-    
+
     See :ref:`tips <diagnostics_tips>` for an example of how to
     receive log messages.
-    
-    Calls: `sqlite3_log <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/log.html>`__"""
-    ...
 
-def main() -> None: 
-    """Call this to run the :ref:`interactive shell <shell>`.  It
-    automatically passes in sys.argv[1:] and exits Python when done."""
+    Calls: `sqlite3_log <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/log.html>`__"""
     ...
 
-def memoryhighwater(reset: bool = False) -> int: 
+def memoryhighwater(reset: bool = False) -> int:
     """Returns the maximum amount of memory SQLite has used.  If *reset* is
     True then the high water mark is reset to the current value.
-    
+
     .. seealso::
-    
+
       :meth:`status`
-    
+
     Calls: `sqlite3_memory_highwater <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/memory_highwater.html>`__"""
     ...
 
-def memoryused() -> int: 
+def memoryused() -> int:
     """Returns the amount of memory SQLite is currently using.
-    
+
     .. seealso::
       :meth:`status`
-    
+
+
     Calls: `sqlite3_memory_used <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/memory_highwater.html>`__"""
     ...
 
-def randomness(amount: int)  -> bytes: 
+def randomness(amount: int)  -> bytes:
     """Gets random data from SQLite's random number generator.
-    
+
     :param amount: How many bytes to return
-    
+
     Calls: `sqlite3_randomness <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/randomness.html>`__"""
     ...
 
-def releasememory(amount: int) -> int: 
+def releasememory(amount: int) -> int:
     """Requests SQLite try to free *amount* bytes of memory.  Returns how
     many bytes were freed.
-    
+
     Calls: `sqlite3_release_memory <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/release_memory.html>`__"""
     ...
 
-def shutdown() -> None: 
+def shutdown() -> None:
     """It is unlikely you will want to call this method and there is no
     need to do so.  It is a **really** bad idea to call it unless you
     are absolutely sure all :class:`connections <Connection>`,
-    :class:`blobs <blob>`, :class:`cursors <Cursor>`, :class:`vfs <VFS>`
+    :class:`blobs <Blob>`, :class:`cursors <Cursor>`, :class:`vfs <VFS>`
     etc have been closed, deleted and garbage collected.
-    
+
     Calls: `sqlite3_shutdown <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/initialize.html>`__"""
     ...
 
-def softheaplimit(limit: int) -> int: 
+def softheaplimit(limit: int) -> int:
     """Requests SQLite try to keep memory usage below *amount* bytes and
     returns the previous limit.
-    
+
     Calls: `sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/hard_heap_limit64.html>`__"""
     ...
 
-def sqlite3_sourceid() -> str: 
+def sqlite3_sourceid() -> str:
     """Returns the exact checkin information for the SQLite 3 source
     being used.
-    
+
     Calls: `sqlite3_sourceid <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/libversion.html>`__"""
     ...
 
-def sqlitelibversion() -> str: 
+def sqlitelibversion() -> str:
     """Returns the version of the SQLite library.  This value is queried at
     run time from the library so if you use shared libraries it will be
     the version in the shared library.
-    
+
     Calls: `sqlite3_libversion <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/libversion.html>`__"""
     ...
 
-def status(op: int, reset: bool = False) -> Tuple[int, int]: 
+def status(op: int, reset: bool = False) -> Tuple[int, int]:
     """Returns current and highwater measurements.
-    
+
     :param op: A `status parameter <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_size.html>`_
     :param reset: If *True* then the highwater is set to the current value
     :returns: A tuple of current value and highwater value
-    
+
     .. seealso::
-    
-      * :ref:`Status example <example-status>`
-    
+
+      * :ref:`Status example <example_status>`
+
     Calls: `sqlite3_status64 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/status.html>`__"""
     ...
 
 using_amalgamation: bool
-def vfsnames() -> List[str]: 
+"""If True then `SQLite amalgamation
+<https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=TheAmalgamation>`__ is in
+use (statically compiled into APSW).  Using the amalgamation means
+that SQLite shared libraries are not used and will not affect your
+code."""
+
+def vfsnames() -> List[str]:
     """Returns a list of the currently installed :ref:`vfs <vfs>`.  The first
     item in the list is the default vfs."""
     ...
 
 
 class Backup:
-    def __init__(self, ) -> None: ...
-    def close(self, force: bool = False) -> None: ...
+    """You create a backup instance by calling :meth:`Connection.backup`."""
+
+    def close(self, force: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Does the same thing as :meth:`~Backup.finish`.  This extra api is
+        provided to give the same api as other APSW objects such as
+        :meth:`Connection.close`, :meth:`Blob.close` and
+        :meth:`Cursor.close`.  It is safe to call this method multiple
+        times.
+
+        :param force: If true then any exceptions are ignored."""
+        ...
+
     done: bool
-    def __enter__(self) -> Backup: ...
-    def __exit__(self, etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[TracebackType]) -> Literal[False]: ...
-    def finish(self) -> None: ...
+    """A boolean that is True if the copy completed in the last call to :meth:`~Backup.step`."""
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Backup:
+        """You can use the backup object as a `context manager
+        <http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html#with-statement-context-managers>`_
+        as defined in :pep:`0343`.  The :meth:`~Backup.__exit__` method ensures that backup
+        is :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>`."""
+        ...
+
+    def __exit__(self, etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Optional[bool]:
+        """Implements context manager in conjunction with :meth:`~Backup.__enter__` ensuring
+        that the copy is :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>`."""
+        ...
+
+    def finish(self) -> None:
+        """Completes the copy process.  If all pages have been copied then the
+        transaction is committed on the destination database, otherwise it
+        is rolled back.  This method must be called for your backup to take
+        effect.  The backup object will always be finished even if there is
+        an exception.  It is safe to call this method multiple times.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_backup_finish <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html#sqlite3backupfinish>`__"""
+        ...
+
     pagecount: int
+    """Read only. How many pages were in the source database after the last
+    step.  If you haven't called :meth:`~Backup.step` or the backup
+    object has been :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>` then zero is
+    returned.
+
+    Calls: `sqlite3_backup_pagecount <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html#sqlite3backuppagecount>`__"""
+
     remaining: int
-    def step(self, npages: int = -1) -> bool: ...
+    """Read only. How many pages were remaining to be copied after the last
+    step.  If you haven't called :meth:`~Backup.step` or the backup
+    object has been :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>` then zero is
+    returned.
+
+    Calls: `sqlite3_backup_remaining <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html#sqlite3backupremaining>`__"""
+
+    def step(self, npages: int = -1) -> bool:
+        """Copies *npages* pages from the source to destination database.  The source database is locked during the copy so
+        using smaller values allows other access to the source database.  The destination database is always locked until the
+        backup object is :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>`.
+
+        :param npages: How many pages to copy. If the parameter is omitted
+           or negative then all remaining pages are copied. The default page
+           size is 1024 bytes (1kb) which can be changed before database
+           creation using a `pragma
+           <https://sqlite.org/pragma.html#modify>`_.
+
+        This method may throw a :exc:`BusyError` or :exc:`LockedError` if
+        unable to lock the source database.  You can catch those and try
+        again.
+
+        :returns: True if this copied the last remaining outstanding pages, else false.  This is the same value as :attr:`~Backup.done`
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_backup_step <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html#sqlite3backupstep>`__"""
+        ...
+
 
 class Blob:
-    def __init__(self, ) -> None: ...
-    def close(self, force: bool = False) -> None: ...
-    def __enter__(self) -> Blob: ...
-    def __exit__(self) -> Literal[False]: ...
-    def length(self) -> int: ...
-    def read(self, length: int = -1) -> bytes: ...
-    def readinto(self, buffer: Union[bytearray, array[Any], memoryview], offset: int = 0, length: int = -1) -> None: ...
-    def reopen(self, rowid: int) -> None: ...
-    def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int = 0) -> None: ...
-    def tell(self) -> int: ...
-    def write(self, data: bytes) -> None: ...
+    """This object is created by :meth:`Connection.blobopen` and provides
+    access to a blob in the database.  It behaves like a Python file.
+    At the C level it wraps a `sqlite3_blob
+    <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob.html>`_.
+
+    .. note::
+
+      You cannot change the size of a blob using this object. You should
+      create it with the correct size in advance either by using
+      :class:`zeroblob` or the `zeroblob()
+      <https://sqlite.org/lang_corefunc.html>`_ function.
+
+    See the :ref:`example <example_blob_io>`."""
+
+    def close(self, force: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Closes the blob.  Note that even if an error occurs the blob is
+        still closed.
+
+        .. note::
+
+           In some cases errors that technically occurred in the
+           :meth:`~Blob.read` and :meth:`~Blob.write` routines may not be
+           reported until close is called.  Similarly errors that occurred
+           in those methods (eg calling :meth:`~Blob.write` on a read-only
+           blob) may also be re-reported in :meth:`~Blob.close`.  (This
+           behaviour is what the underlying SQLite APIs do - it is not APSW
+           doing it.)
+
+        It is okay to call :meth:`~Blob.close` multiple times.
+
+        :param force: Ignores any errors during close.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_blob_close <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_close.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Blob:
+        """You can use a blob as a `context manager
+        <http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html#with-statement-context-managers>`_
+        as defined in :pep:`0343`.  When you use *with* statement,
+        the blob is always :meth:`closed <Blob.close>` on exit from the block, even if an
+        exception occurred in the block.
+
+        For example::
+
+          with connection.blobopen() as blob:
+              blob.write("...")
+              res=blob.read(1024)"""
+        ...
+
+    def __exit__(self, etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Optional[bool]:
+        """Implements context manager in conjunction with
+        :meth:`~Blob.__enter__`.  Any exception that happened in the
+        *with* block is raised after closing the blob."""
+        ...
+
+    def length(self) -> int:
+        """Returns the size of the blob in bytes.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_blob_bytes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_bytes.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def read(self, length: int = -1) -> bytes:
+        """Reads amount of data requested, or till end of file, whichever is
+        earlier. Attempting to read beyond the end of the blob returns an
+        empty bytes in the same manner as end of file on normal file
+        objects.  Negative numbers read remaining data.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_blob_read <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_read.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def readinto(self, buffer: Union[bytearray, array.array[Any], memoryview], offset: int = 0, length: int = -1) -> None:
+        """Reads from the blob into a buffer you have supplied.  This method is
+        useful if you already have a buffer like object that data is being
+        assembled in, and avoids allocating results in :meth:`Blob.read` and
+        then copying into buffer.
+
+        :param buffer: A writable buffer like object.
+                       There is a bytearray type that is very useful.
+                       `arrays <https://docs.python.org/3/library/array.html>`__ also work.
+
+        :param offset: The position to start writing into the buffer
+                       defaulting to the beginning.
+
+        :param length: How much of the blob to read.  The default is the
+                       remaining space left in the buffer.  Note that if
+                       there is more space available than blob left then you
+                       will get a *ValueError* exception.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_blob_read <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_read.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def reopen(self, rowid: int) -> None:
+        """Change this blob object to point to a different row.  It can be
+        faster than closing an existing blob an opening a new one.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_blob_reopen <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_reopen.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int = 0) -> None:
+        """Changes current position to *offset* biased by *whence*.
+
+        :param offset: New position to seek to.  Can be positive or negative number.
+        :param whence: Use 0 if *offset* is relative to the beginning of the blob,
+                       1 if *offset* is relative to the current position,
+                       and 2 if *offset* is relative to the end of the blob.
+        :raises ValueError: If the resulting offset is before the beginning (less than zero) or beyond the end of the blob."""
+        ...
+
+    def tell(self) -> int:
+        """Returns the current offset."""
+        ...
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """Writes the data to the blob.
+
+        :param data: bytes to write
+
+        :raises TypeError: Wrong data type
+
+        :raises ValueError: If the data would go beyond the end of the blob.
+            You cannot increase the size of a blob by writing beyond the end.
+            You need to use :class:`zeroblob` to set the desired size first when
+            inserting the blob.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_blob_write <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_write.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
 
 class Connection:
-    def __init__(self, filename: str, flags: int = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, vfs: Optional[str] = None, statementcachesize: int = 100): ...
-    def autovacuum_pages(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[str, int, int, int], int]]) -> None: ...
-    def backup(self, databasename: str, sourceconnection: Connection, sourcedatabasename: str)  -> Backup: ...
-    def blobopen(self, database: str, table: str, column: str, rowid: int, writeable: bool)  -> Blob: ...
-    def changes(self) -> int: ...
-    def close(self, force: bool = False) -> None: ...
-    def collationneeded(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[Connection, str], None]]) -> None: ...
-    def config(self, op: int, *args: int) -> int: ...
-    def createaggregatefunction(self, name: str, factory: Optional[AggregateFactory], numargs: int = -1) -> None: ...
-    def createcollation(self, name: str, callback: Optional[Callable[[str, str], int]]) -> None: ...
-    def createmodule(self, name: str, datasource: Any) -> None: ...
-    def createscalarfunction(self, name: str, callable: Optional[ScalarProtocol], numargs: int = -1, deterministic: bool = False) -> None: ...
-    def cursor(self) -> Cursor: ...
-    def db_filename(self, name: str) -> str: ...
-    def db_names(self) -> List[str]: ...
-    def deserialize(self, name: str, contents: bytes) -> None: ...
-    def enableloadextension(self, enable: bool) -> None: ...
-    def __enter__(self) -> Connection: ...
-    def __exit__(self) -> Literal[False]: ...
-    def filecontrol(self, dbname: str, op: int, pointer: int) -> bool: ...
+    """This object wraps a `sqlite3 pointer
+    <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/sqlite3.html>`_."""
+
+    authorizer: Optional[Authorizer]
+    """While `preparing <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`_
+    statements, SQLite will call any defined authorizer to see if a
+    particular action is ok to be part of the statement.
+
+    Typical usage would be if you are running user supplied SQL and want
+    to prevent harmful operations.  You should also
+    set the :class:`statementcachesize <Connection>` to zero.
+
+    The authorizer callback has 5 parameters:
+
+      * An `operation code <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_
+      * A string (or None) dependent on the operation `(listed as 3rd) <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_
+      * A string (or None) dependent on the operation `(listed as 4th) <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_
+      * A string name of the database (or None)
+      * Name of the innermost trigger or view doing the access (or None)
+
+    The authorizer callback should return one of *SQLITE_OK*,
+    *SQLITE_DENY* or *SQLITE_IGNORE*.
+    (*SQLITE_DENY* is returned if there is an error in your
+    Python code).
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+      * :ref:`Example <example_authorizer>`
+      * :ref:`statementcache`
+
+    Calls: `sqlite3_set_authorizer <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/set_authorizer.html>`__"""
+
+    def autovacuum_pages(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[str, int, int, int], int]]) -> None:
+        """Calls `callable` to find out how many pages to autovacuum.  The callback has 4 parameters:
+
+        * Database name: str (eg "main")
+        * Database pages: int (how many pages make up the database now)
+        * Free pages: int (how many pages could be freed)
+        * Page size: int (page size in bytes)
+
+        Return how many pages should be freed.  Values less than zero or more than the free pages are
+        treated as zero or free page count.  On error zero is returned.
+
+        READ THE NOTE IN THE SQLITE DOCUMENTATION.  Calling into SQLite can result in crashes, corrupt
+        databases or worse.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_autovacuum_pages <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/autovacuum_pages.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def backup(self, databasename: str, sourceconnection: Connection, sourcedatabasename: str)  -> Backup:
+        """Opens a :ref:`backup object <Backup>`.  All data will be copied from source
+        database to this database.
+
+        :param databasename: Name of the database.  This will be ``main`` for
+          the main connection and the name you specified for `attached
+          <https://sqlite.org/lang_attach.html>`_ databases.
+        :param sourceconnection: The :class:`Connection` to copy a database from.
+        :param sourcedatabasename: Name of the database in the source (eg ``main``).
+
+        :rtype: :class:`backup`
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+          * :ref:`Backup`
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_backup_init <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html#sqlite3backupinit>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def blobopen(self, database: str, table: str, column: str, rowid: int, writeable: bool)  -> Blob:
+        """Opens a blob for :ref:`incremental I/O <blobio>`.
+
+        :param database: Name of the database.  This will be ``main`` for
+          the main connection and the name you specified for `attached
+          <https://sqlite.org/lang_attach.html>`_ databases.
+        :param table: The name of the table
+        :param column: The name of the column
+        :param rowid: The id that uniquely identifies the row.
+        :param writeable: If True then you can read and write the blob.  If False then you can only read it.
+
+        :rtype: :class:`Blob`
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+          * :ref:`Blob I/O example <example_blob_io>`
+          * `SQLite row ids <https://sqlite.org/autoinc.html>`_
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_blob_open <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_open.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def cache_stats(self, include_entries: bool = False) -> Dict[str, int]:
+        """Returns information about the statement cache as dict.
+
+        .. note::
+
+          Calling execute with "select a; select b; insert into c ..." will
+          result in 3 cache entries corresponding to each of the 3 queries
+          present.
+
+        The returned dictionary has the following information.
+
+        .. list-table::
+          :header-rows: 1
+          :widths: auto
+
+          * - Key
+            - Explanation
+          * - size
+            - Maximum number of entries in the cache
+          * - evictions
+            - How many entries were removed (expired) to make space for a newer
+              entry
+          * - no_cache
+            - Queries that had can_cache parameter set to False
+          * - hits
+            - A match was found in the cache
+          * - misses
+            - No match was found in the cache, or the cache couldn't be used
+          * - no_vdbe
+            - The statement was empty (eg a comment) or SQLite took action
+              during parsing (eg some pragmas).  These are not cached and also
+              included in the misses count
+          * - too_big
+            - UTF8 query size was larger than considered for caching.  These are also included
+              in the misses count.
+          * - max_cacheable_bytes
+            - Maximum size of query (in bytes of utf8) that will be considered for caching
+          * - entries
+            - (Only present if `include_entries` is True) A list of the cache entries
+
+        If `entries` is present, then each list entry is a dict with the following information.
+
+        .. list-table::
+          :header-rows: 1
+          :widths: auto
+
+          * - Key
+            - Explanation
+          * - query
+            - Text of the query itself (first statement only)
+          * - prepare_flags
+            - Flags passed to `sqlite3_prepare_v3 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`__
+              for this query
+          * - uses
+            - How many times this entry has been (re)used
+          * - has_more
+            - Boolean indicating if there was more query text than
+              the first statement"""
+        ...
+
+    def changes(self) -> int:
+        """Returns the number of database rows that were changed (or inserted
+        or deleted) by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
+        statement.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_changes64 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/changes.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def close(self, force: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Closes the database.  If there are any outstanding :class:`cursors
+        <Cursor>`, :class:`blobs <Blob>` or :class:`backups <Backup>` then
+        they are closed too.  It is normally not necessary to call this
+        method as the database is automatically closed when there are no
+        more references.  It is ok to call the method multiple times.
+
+        If your user defined functions or collations have direct or indirect
+        references to the Connection then it won't be automatically garbage
+        collected because of circular referencing that can't be
+        automatically broken.  Calling *close* will free all those objects
+        and what they reference.
+
+        SQLite is designed to survive power failures at even the most
+        awkward moments.  Consequently it doesn't matter if it is closed
+        when the process is exited, or even if the exit is graceful or
+        abrupt.  In the worst case of having a transaction in progress, that
+        transaction will be rolled back by the next program to open the
+        database, reverting the database to a know good state.
+
+        If *force* is *True* then any exceptions are ignored.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_close <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/close.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def collationneeded(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[Connection, str], None]]) -> None:
+        """*callable* will be called if a statement requires a `collation
+        <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collation>`_ that hasn't been
+        registered. Your callable will be passed two parameters. The first
+        is the connection object. The second is the name of the
+        collation. If you have the collation code available then call
+        :meth:`Connection.createcollation`.
+
+        This is useful for creating collations on demand.  For example you
+        may include the `locale <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locale>`_ in
+        the collation name, but since there are thousands of locales in
+        popular use it would not be useful to :meth:`prereigster
+        <Connection.createcollation>` them all.  Using
+        :meth:`~Connection.collationneeded` tells you when you need to
+        register them.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+          * :meth:`~Connection.createcollation`
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_collation_needed <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/collation_needed.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def config(self, op: int, *args: int) -> int:
+        """:param op: A `configuration operation
+          <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_enable_fkey.html>`__
+        :param args: Zero or more arguments as appropriate for *op*
+
+        Only optiona that take an int and return one are implemented.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_db_config <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/db_config.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def createaggregatefunction(self, name: str, factory: Optional[AggregateFactory], numargs: int = -1) -> None:
+        """Registers an aggregate function.  Aggregate functions operate on all
+        the relevant rows such as counting how many there are.
+
+        :param name: The string name of the function.  It should be less than 255 characters
+        :param factory: The function that will be called.  Use None to delete the function.
+        :param numargs: How many arguments the function takes, with -1 meaning any number
+
+        When a query starts, the *factory* will be called and must return a tuple of 3 items:
+
+          a context object
+             This can be of any type
+
+          a step function
+             This function is called once for each row.  The first parameter
+             will be the context object and the remaining parameters will be
+             from the SQL statement.  Any value returned will be ignored.
+
+          a final function
+             This function is called at the very end with the context object
+             as a parameter.  The value returned is set as the return for
+             the function. The final function is always called even if an
+             exception was raised by the step function. This allows you to
+             ensure any resources are cleaned up.
+
+        .. note::
+
+          You can register the same named function but with different
+          callables and *numargs*.  See
+          :meth:`~Connection.createscalarfunction` for an example.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+           * :ref:`Example <example_aggregate>`
+           * :meth:`~Connection.createscalarfunction`
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_create_function_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def createcollation(self, name: str, callback: Optional[Callable[[str, str], int]]) -> None:
+        """You can control how SQLite sorts (termed `collation
+        <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collation>`_) when giving the
+        ``COLLATE`` term to a `SELECT
+        <https://sqlite.org/lang_select.html>`_.  For example your
+        collation could take into account locale or do numeric sorting.
+
+        The *callback* will be called with two items.  It should return -1
+        if the first is less then the second, 0 if they are equal, and 1 if
+        first is greater::
+
+           def mycollation(one, two):
+               if one < two:
+                   return -1
+               if one == two:
+                   return 0
+               if one > two:
+                   return 1
+
+        Passing None as the callback will unregister the collation.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+          * :ref:`Example <example_collation>`
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_create_collation_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_collation.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def createmodule(self, name: str, datasource: Any) -> None:
+        """Registers a virtual table.  See :ref:`virtualtables` for details.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+           * :ref:`Example <example_virtual_tables>`
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_create_module_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_module.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def createscalarfunction(self, name: str, callable: Optional[ScalarProtocol], numargs: int = -1, deterministic: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Registers a scalar function.  Scalar functions operate on one set of parameters once.
+
+        :param name: The string name of the function.  It should be less than 255 characters
+        :param callable: The function that will be called.  Use None to unregister.
+        :param numargs: How many arguments the function takes, with -1 meaning any number
+        :param deterministic: When True this means the function always
+                 returns the same result for the same input arguments.
+                 SQLite's query planner can perform additional optimisations
+                 for deterministic functions.  For example a random()
+                 function is not deterministic while one that returns the
+                 length of a string is.
+
+        .. note::
+
+          You can register the same named function but with different
+          *callable* and *numargs*.  For example::
+
+            connection.createscalarfunction("toip", ipv4convert, 4)
+            connection.createscalarfunction("toip", ipv6convert, 16)
+            connection.createscalarfunction("toip", strconvert, -1)
+
+          The one with the correct *numargs* will be called and only if that
+          doesn't exist then the one with negative *numargs* will be called.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+           * :ref:`Example <example_scalar>`
+           * :meth:`~Connection.createaggregatefunction`
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_create_function_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def cursor(self) -> Cursor:
+        """Creates a new :class:`Cursor` object on this database.
+
+        :rtype: :class:`Cursor`"""
+        ...
+
+    cursor_factory: Callable[[Connection], Any]
+    """Defaults to :class:`Cursor`
+
+    Called with a :class:`Connection` as the only parameter when a cursor
+    is needed such as by the :meth:`cursor` method, or
+    :meth:`Connection.execute`.
+
+    Note that whatever is returned doesn't have to be an actual
+    :class:`Cursor` instance, and just needs to have the methods present
+    that are actually called.  These are likely to be `execute`,
+    `executemany`, `close` etc."""
+
+    def db_filename(self, name: str) -> str:
+        """Returns the full filename of the named (attached) database.  The
+        main database is named "main".
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_db_filename <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/db_filename.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def db_names(self) -> List[str]:
+        """Returns the list of database names.  For example the first database
+        is named 'main', the next 'temp', and the rest with the name provided
+        in `ATTACH <https://www.sqlite.org/lang_attach.html>`__
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_db_name <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/db_name.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def deserialize(self, name: str, contents: bytes) -> None:
+        """Replaces the named database with an in-memory copy of *contents*.
+        *name* is **"main"** for the main database, **"temp"** for the
+        temporary database etc.
+
+        The resulting database is in-memory, read-write, and the memory is
+        owned, resized, and freed by SQLite.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+          * :meth:`Connection.serialize`
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_deserialize <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/deserialize.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def enableloadextension(self, enable: bool) -> None:
+        """Enables/disables `extension loading
+        <https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki/wiki?p=LoadableExtensions>`_
+        which is disabled by default.
+
+        :param enable: If True then extension loading is enabled, else it is disabled.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_enable_load_extension <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/enable_load_extension.html>`__
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+          * :meth:`~Connection.loadextension`"""
+        ...
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> Connection:
+        """You can use the database as a `context manager
+        <http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html#with-statement-context-managers>`_
+        as defined in :pep:`0343`.  When you use *with* a transaction is
+        started.  If the block finishes with an exception then the
+        transaction is rolled back, otherwise it is committed.  For example::
+
+          with connection:
+              connection.execute("....")
+              with connection:
+                  # nested is supported
+                  call_function(connection)
+                  connection.execute("...")
+                  with connection as db:
+                      # You can also use 'as'
+                      call_function2(db)
+                      db.execute("...")
+
+        Behind the scenes the `savepoint
+        <https://sqlite.org/lang_savepoint.html>`_ functionality introduced in
+        SQLite 3.6.8 is used to provide nested transactions."""
+        ...
+
+    exectrace: Optional[ExecTracer]
+    """Called with the cursor, statement and bindings for
+    each :meth:`~Cursor.execute` or :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` on this
+    Connection, unless the :class:`Cursor` installed its own
+    tracer. Your execution tracer can also abort execution of a
+    statement.
+
+    If *callable* is *None* then any existing execution tracer is
+    removed.
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+      * :ref:`tracing`
+      * :ref:`rowtracer`
+      * :attr:`Cursor.exectrace`"""
+
+    def execute(self, statements: str, bindings: Optional[Bindings] = None, *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor:
+        """Executes the statements using the supplied bindings.  Execution
+        returns when the first row is available or all statements have
+        completed.  (A cursor is automatically obtained).
+
+        See :meth:`Cursor.execute` for more details."""
+        ...
+
+    def executemany(self, statements: str, sequenceofbindings:Sequence[Bindings], *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor:
+        """This method is for when you want to execute the same statements over a
+        sequence of bindings, such as inserting into a database.  (A cursor is
+        automatically obtained).
+
+        See :meth:`Cursor.executemany` for more details."""
+        ...
+
+    def __exit__(self, etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Optional[bool]:
+        """Implements context manager in conjunction with
+        :meth:`~Connection.__enter__`.  Any exception that happened in the
+        *with* block is raised after committing or rolling back the
+        savepoint."""
+        ...
+
+    def filecontrol(self, dbname: str, op: int, pointer: int) -> bool:
+        """Calls the :meth:`~VFSFile.xFileControl` method on the :ref:`VFS`
+        implementing :class:`file access <VFSFile>` for the database.
+
+        :param dbname: The name of the database to affect (eg "main", "temp", attached name)
+        :param op: A `numeric code
+          <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_lockstate.html>`_ with values less
+          than 100 reserved for SQLite internal use.
+        :param pointer: A number which is treated as a ``void pointer`` at the C level.
+
+        :returns: True or False indicating if the VFS understood the op.
+
+        If you want data returned back then the *pointer* needs to point to
+        something mutable.  Here is an example using `ctypes
+        <https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html>`_ of
+        passing a Python dictionary to :meth:`~VFSFile.xFileControl` which
+        can then modify the dictionary to set return values::
+
+          obj={"foo": 1, 2: 3}                 # object we want to pass
+          objwrap=ctypes.py_object(obj)        # objwrap must live before and after the call else
+                                               # it gets garbage collected
+          connection.filecontrol(
+                   "main",                     # which db
+                   123,                        # our op code
+                   ctypes.addressof(objwrap))  # get pointer
+
+        The :meth:`~VFSFile.xFileControl` method then looks like this::
+
+          def xFileControl(self, op, pointer):
+              if op==123:                      # our op code
+                  obj=ctypes.py_object.from_address(pointer).value
+                  # play with obj - you can use id() to verify it is the same
+                  print(obj["foo"])
+                  obj["result"]="it worked"
+                  return True
+              else:
+                  # pass to parent/superclass
+                  return super(MyFile, self).xFileControl(op, pointer)
+
+        This is how you set the chunk size by which the database grows.  Do
+        not combine it into one line as the c_int would be garbage collected
+        before the filecontrol call is made::
+
+           chunksize=ctypes.c_int(32768)
+           connection.filecontrol("main", apsw.SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE, ctypes.addressof(chunksize))
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_file_control <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/file_control.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
     filename: str
-    def getautocommit(self) -> bool: ...
-    def getexectrace(self) -> Optional[ExecTracer]: ...
-    def getrowtrace(self) -> Optional[RowTracer]: ...
-    def interrupt(self) -> None: ...
-    def last_insert_rowid(self) -> int: ...
-    def limit(self, id: int, newval: int = -1) -> int: ...
-    def loadextension(self, filename: str, entrypoint: Optional[str] = None) -> None: ...
+    """The filename of the  database.
+
+    Calls: `sqlite3_db_filename <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/db_filename.html>`__"""
+
+    def getautocommit(self) -> bool:
+        """Returns if the Connection is in auto commit mode (ie not in a transaction).
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_get_autocommit <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/get_autocommit.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def getexectrace(self) -> Optional[ExecTracer]:
+        """Returns the currently installed :attr:`execution tracer
+        <Connection.exectrace>`"""
+        ...
+
+    def getrowtrace(self) -> Optional[RowTracer]:
+        """Returns the currently installed :attr:`row tracer
+        <Connection.rowtrace>`"""
+        ...
+
+    in_transaction: bool
+    """True if currently in a transaction, else False
+
+    Calls: `sqlite3_get_autocommit <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/get_autocommit.html>`__"""
+
+    def __init__(self, filename: str, flags: int = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, vfs: Optional[str] = None, statementcachesize: int = 100):
+        """Opens the named database.  You can use ``:memory:`` to get a private temporary
+        in-memory database that is not shared with any other connections.
+
+        :param flags: One or more of the `open flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`_ orred together
+        :param vfs: The name of the `vfs <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html>`_ to use.  If *None* then the default
+           vfs will be used.
+
+        :param statementcachesize: Use zero to disable the statement cache,
+          or a number larger than the total distinct SQL statements you
+          execute frequently.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_open_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/open.html>`__
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+          * :attr:`apsw.connection_hooks`
+          * :ref:`statementcache`
+          * :ref:`vfs`"""
+        ...
+
+    def interrupt(self) -> None:
+        """Causes any pending operations on the database to abort at the
+        earliest opportunity. You can call this from any thread.  For
+        example you may have a long running query when the user presses the
+        stop button in your user interface.  :exc:`InterruptError`
+        will be raised in the query that got interrupted.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_interrupt <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/interrupt.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def last_insert_rowid(self) -> int:
+        """Returns the integer key of the most recent insert in the database.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_last_insert_rowid <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/last_insert_rowid.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def limit(self, id: int, newval: int = -1) -> int:
+        """If called with one parameter then the current limit for that *id* is
+        returned.  If called with two then the limit is set to *newval*.
+
+
+        :param id: One of the `runtime limit ids <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html>`_
+        :param newval: The new limit.  This is a 32 bit signed integer even on 64 bit platforms.
+
+        :returns: The limit in place on entry to the call.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_limit <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/limit.html>`__
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+          * :ref:`Example <example_limits>`"""
+        ...
+
+    def loadextension(self, filename: str, entrypoint: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        """Loads *filename* as an `extension <https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki/wiki?p=LoadableExtensions>`_
+
+        :param filename: The file to load.  This must be Unicode or Unicode compatible
+
+        :param entrypoint: The initialization method to call.  If this
+          parameter is not supplied then the SQLite default of
+          ``sqlite3_extension_init`` is used.
+
+        :raises ExtensionLoadingError: If the extension could not be
+          loaded.  The exception string includes more details.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_load_extension <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/load_extension.html>`__
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+          * :meth:`~Connection.enableloadextension`"""
+        ...
+
     open_flags: int
+    """The integer flags used to open the database."""
+
     open_vfs: str
-    def overloadfunction(self, name: str, nargs: int) -> None: ...
-    def readonly(self, name: str) -> bool: ...
-    def serialize(self, name: str) -> bytes: ...
-    def set_last_insert_rowid(self, rowid: int) -> None: ...
-    def setauthorizer(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[int, Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[str]], int]]) -> None: ...
-    def setbusyhandler(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[int], bool]]) -> None: ...
-    def setbusytimeout(self, milliseconds: int) -> None: ...
-    def setcommithook(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[], None]]) -> None: ...
-    def setexectrace(self, callable: Optional[ExecTracer]) -> None: ...
-    def setprofile(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[str, int], None]]) -> None: ...
-    def setprogresshandler(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[], bool]], nsteps: int = 20) -> None: ...
-    def setrollbackhook(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[], None]]) -> None: ...
-    def setrowtrace(self, callable: Optional[RowTracer]) -> None: ...
-    def setupdatehook(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[int, str, str, int], None]]) -> None: ...
-    def setwalhook(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[Connection, str, int], int]]) -> None: ...
-    def sqlite3pointer(self) -> int: ...
-    def status(self, op: int, reset: bool = False) -> Tuple[int, int]: ...
-    def totalchanges(self) -> int: ...
-    def txn_state(self, schema: Optional[str] = None) -> int: ...
-    def wal_autocheckpoint(self, n: int) -> None: ...
-    def wal_checkpoint(self, dbname: Optional[str] = None, mode: int = SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE) -> Tuple[int, int]: ...
+    """The string name of the vfs used to open the database."""
+
+    def overloadfunction(self, name: str, nargs: int) -> None:
+        """Registers a placeholder function so that a virtual table can provide an implementation via
+        :meth:`VTTable.FindFunction`.
+
+        :param name: Function name
+        :param nargs: How many arguments the function takes
+
+        Due to cvstrac 3507 underlying errors will not be returned.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_overload_function <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/overload_function.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def readonly(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        """True or False if the named (attached) database was opened readonly or file
+        permissions don't allow writing.  The main database is named "main".
+
+        An exception is raised if the database doesn't exist.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_db_readonly <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/db_readonly.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    rowtrace: Optional[RowTracer]
+    """Called with the cursor and row being returned for
+    :class:`cursors <Cursor>` associated with this Connection, unless
+    the Cursor installed its own tracer.  You can change the data that
+    is returned or cause the row to be skipped altogether.
+
+    If *callable* is *None* then any existing row tracer is
+    removed.
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+      * :ref:`tracing`
+      * :ref:`rowtracer`
+      * :attr:`Cursor.exectrace`"""
+
+    def serialize(self, name: str) -> bytes:
+        """Returns a memory copy of the database. *name* is **"main"** for the
+        main database, **"temp"** for the temporary database etc.
+
+        The memory copy is the same as if the database was backed up to
+        disk.
+
+        If the database name doesn't exist or is empty, then None is
+        returned, not an exception (this is SQLite's behaviour).
+
+         .. seealso::
+
+           * :meth:`Connection.deserialize`
+
+         Calls: `sqlite3_serialize <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/serialize.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def set_last_insert_rowid(self, rowid: int) -> None:
+        """Sets the value calls to :meth:`last_insert_rowid` will return.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/set_last_insert_rowid.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def setauthorizer(self, callable: Optional[Authorizer]) -> None:
+        """Sets the :attr:`authorizer`"""
+        ...
+
+    def setbusyhandler(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[int], bool]]) -> None:
+        """Sets the busy handler to callable. callable will be called with one
+        integer argument which is the number of prior calls to the busy
+        callback for the same lock. If the busy callback returns False,
+        then SQLite returns *SQLITE_BUSY* to the calling code. If
+        the callback returns True, then SQLite tries to open the table
+        again and the cycle repeats.
+
+        If you previously called :meth:`~Connection.setbusytimeout` then
+        calling this overrides that.
+
+        Passing None unregisters the existing handler.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+          * :meth:`Connection.setbusytimeout`
+          * :ref:`Busy handling <busyhandling>`
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_busy_handler <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/busy_handler.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def setbusytimeout(self, milliseconds: int) -> None:
+        """If the database is locked such as when another connection is making
+        changes, SQLite will keep retrying.  This sets the maximum amount of
+        time SQLite will keep retrying before giving up.  If the database is
+        still busy then :class:`apsw.BusyError` will be returned.
+
+        :param milliseconds: Maximum thousandths of a second to wait.
+
+        If you previously called :meth:`~Connection.setbusyhandler` then
+        calling this overrides that.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+           * :meth:`Connection.setbusyhandler`
+           * :ref:`Busy handling <busyhandling>`
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_busy_timeout <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/busy_timeout.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def setcommithook(self, callable: Optional[CommitHook]) -> None:
+        """*callable* will be called just before a commit.  It should return
+        False for the commit to go ahead and True for it to be turned
+        into a rollback. In the case of an exception in your callable, a
+        True (ie rollback) value is returned.  Pass None to unregister
+        the existing hook.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+          * :ref:`Example <example_commit_hook>`
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_commit_hook <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/commit_hook.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def setexectrace(self, callable: Optional[ExecTracer]) -> None:
+        """Method to set :attr:`Connection.exectrace`"""
+        ...
+
+    def setprofile(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[str, int], None]]) -> None:
+        """Sets a callable which is invoked at the end of execution of each
+        statement and passed the statement string and how long it took to
+        execute. (The execution time is in nanoseconds.) Note that it is
+        called only on completion. If for example you do a ``SELECT`` and
+        only read the first result, then you won't reach the end of the
+        statement.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_profile <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/profile.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def setprogresshandler(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[], bool]], nsteps: int = 20) -> None:
+        """Sets a callable which is invoked every *nsteps* SQLite
+        inststructions. The callable should return True to abort
+        or False to continue. (If there is an error in your Python *callable*
+        then True/abort will be returned).
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+           * :ref:`Example <example_progress_handler>`
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_progress_handler <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/progress_handler.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def setrollbackhook(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[], None]]) -> None:
+        """Sets a callable which is invoked during a rollback.  If *callable*
+        is *None* then any existing rollback hook is unregistered.
+
+        The *callable* is called with no parameters and the return value is ignored.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_rollback_hook <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/commit_hook.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def setrowtrace(self, callable: Optional[RowTracer]) -> None:
+        """Method to set :attr:`Connection.rowtrace`"""
+        ...
+
+    def setupdatehook(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[int, str, str, int], None]]) -> None:
+        """Calls *callable* whenever a row is updated, deleted or inserted.  If
+        *callable* is *None* then any existing update hook is
+        unregistered.  The update hook cannot make changes to the database while
+        the query is still executing, but can record them for later use or
+        apply them in a different connection.
+
+        The update hook is called with 4 parameters:
+
+          type (int)
+            *SQLITE_INSERT*, *SQLITE_DELETE* or *SQLITE_UPDATE*
+          database name (string)
+            This is ``main`` for the database or the name specified in
+            `ATTACH <https://sqlite.org/lang_attach.html>`_
+          table name (string)
+            The table on which the update happened
+          rowid (64 bit integer)
+            The affected row
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+            * :ref:`Example <example_update_hook>`
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_update_hook <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/update_hook.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def setwalhook(self, callable: Optional[Callable[[Connection, str, int], int]]) -> None:
+        """*callable* will be called just after data is committed in :ref:`wal`
+        mode.  It should return *SQLITE_OK* or an error code.  The
+        callback is called with 3 parameters:
+
+          * The Connection
+          * The database name (eg "main" or the name of an attached database)
+          * The number of pages in the wal log
+
+        You can pass in None in order to unregister an existing hook.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_wal_hook <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/wal_hook.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def sqlite3pointer(self) -> int:
+        """Returns the underlying `sqlite3 *
+        <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/sqlite3.html>`_ for the connection. This
+        method is useful if there are other C level libraries in the same
+        process and you want them to use the APSW connection handle. The value
+        is returned as a number using `PyLong_FromVoidPtr
+        <https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/long.html?highlight=pylong_fromvoidptr#c.PyLong_FromVoidPtr>`__
+        under the hood. You should also ensure that you increment the
+        reference count on the :class:`Connection` for as long as the other
+        libraries are using the pointer.  It is also a very good idea to call
+        :meth:`sqlitelibversion` and ensure it is the same as the other
+        libraries."""
+        ...
+
+    def status(self, op: int, reset: bool = False) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        """Returns current and highwater measurements for the database.
+
+        :param op: A `status parameter <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>`_
+        :param reset: If *True* then the highwater is set to the current value
+        :returns: A tuple of current value and highwater value
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+          The :func:`status` example which works in exactly the same way.
+
+          * :ref:`Status example <example_status>`
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_db_status <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/db_status.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def totalchanges(self) -> int:
+        """Returns the total number of database rows that have be modified,
+        inserted, or deleted since the database connection was opened.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_total_changes64 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/total_changes.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def txn_state(self, schema: Optional[str] = None) -> int:
+        """Returns the current transaction state of the database, or a specific schema
+        if provided.  ValueError is raised if schema is not None or a valid schema name.
+        :attr:`apsw.mapping_txn_state` contains the names and values returned.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_txn_state <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/txn_state.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def wal_autocheckpoint(self, n: int) -> None:
+        """Sets how often the :ref:`wal` checkpointing is run.
+
+         :param n: A number representing the checkpointing interval or
+           zero/negative to disable auto checkpointing.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/wal_autocheckpoint.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def wal_checkpoint(self, dbname: Optional[str] = None, mode: int = SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        """Does a WAL checkpoint.  Has no effect if the database(s) are not in WAL mode.
+
+          :param dbname:  The name of the database or all databases if None
+
+          :param mode: One of the `checkpoint modes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/wal_checkpoint_v2.html>`__.
+
+          :return: A tuple of the size of the WAL log in frames and the
+             number of frames checkpointed as described in the
+             `documentation
+             <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/wal_checkpoint_v2.html>`__.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/wal_checkpoint_v2.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
 
 class Cursor:
-    def __init__(self, ) -> None: ...
-    def close(self, force: bool = False) -> None: ...
+    """You obtain cursors by calling :meth:`Connection.cursor`."""
+
+    def close(self, force: bool = False) -> None:
+        """It is very unlikely you will need to call this method.  It exists
+        because older versions of SQLite required all Connection/Cursor
+        activity to be confined to the same thread.  That is no longer the
+        case.  Cursors are automatically garbage collected and when there
+        are none left will allow the connection to be garbage collected if
+        it has no other references.
+
+        A cursor is open if there are remaining statements to execute (if
+        your query included multiple statements), or if you called
+        :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` and not all of the *sequenceofbindings*
+        have been used yet.
+
+        :param force: If False then you will get exceptions if there is
+         remaining work to do be in the Cursor such as more statements to
+         execute, more data from the executemany binding sequence etc. If
+         force is True then all remaining work and state information will be
+         silently discarded."""
+        ...
+
+    connection: Connection
+    """:class:`Connection` this cursor is using"""
+
     description: Tuple[Tuple[str, str, None, None, None, None, None], ...]
-    def execute(self, statements: str, bindings: Optional[Bindings] = None) -> Cursor: ...
-    def executemany(self, statements: str, sequenceofbindings: Sequence[Bindings]) -> Cursor: ...
-    def fetchall(self) -> list[Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...]]: ...
-    def fetchone(self) -> Optional[Any]: ...
-    def getconnection(self) -> Connection: ...
-    def getdescription(self) -> Tuple[Tuple[str, str], ...]: ...
-    def getexectrace(self) -> Optional[ExecTracer]: ...
-    def getrowtrace(self) -> Optional[RowTracer]: ...
-    def __iter__(self: Cursor) -> Cursor: ...
-    def __next__(self: Cursor) -> Any: ...
-    def setexectrace(self, callable: Optional[ExecTracer]) -> None: ...
-    def setrowtrace(self, callable: Optional[RowTracer]) -> None: ...
+    """Based on the `DB-API cursor property
+    <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/>`__, this returns the
+    same as :meth:`getdescription` but with 5 Nones appended.  See
+    also :issue:`131`."""
+
+    description_full: Tuple[Tuple[str, str, str, str, str], ...]
+    """Only present if SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA was defined at
+    compile time.
+
+    Returns all information about the query result columns. In
+    addition to the name and declared type, you also get the database
+    name, table name, and origin name.
+
+    Calls:
+      * `sqlite3_column_name <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_name.html>`__
+      * `sqlite3_column_decltype <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_decltype.html>`__
+      * `sqlite3_column_database_name <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_database_name.html>`__
+      * `sqlite3_column_table_name <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_database_name.html>`__
+      * `sqlite3_column_origin_name <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_database_name.html>`__"""
+
+    exectrace: Optional[ExecTracer]
+    """Called with the cursor, statement and bindings for
+    each :meth:`~Cursor.execute` or :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` on this
+    cursor.
+
+    If *callable* is *None* then any existing execution tracer is
+    unregistered.
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+      * :ref:`tracing`
+      * :ref:`executiontracer`
+      * :attr:`Connection.exectrace`"""
+
+    def execute(self, statements: str, bindings: Optional[Bindings] = None, *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor:
+        """Executes the statements using the supplied bindings.  Execution
+        returns when the first row is available or all statements have
+        completed.
+
+        :param statements: One or more SQL statements such as ``select *
+          from books`` or ``begin; insert into books ...; select
+          last_insert_rowid(); end``.
+        :param bindings: If supplied should either be a sequence or a dictionary.  Each item must be one of the :ref:`supported types <types>`
+        :param can_cache: If False then the statement cache will not be used to find an already prepared query, nor will it be
+          placed in the cache after execution
+        :param prepare_flags: `flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.htm>`__ passed to
+          `sqlite_prepare_v3 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`__
+
+        If you use numbered bindings in the query then supply a sequence.
+        Any sequence will work including lists and iterators.  For
+        example::
+
+          cursor.execute("insert into books values(?,?)", ("title", "number"))
+
+        .. note::
+
+          A common gotcha is wanting to insert a single string but not
+          putting it in a tuple::
+
+            cursor.execute("insert into books values(?)", "a title")
+
+          The string is a sequence of 8 characters and so it will look
+          like you are supplying 8 bindings when only one is needed.  Use
+          a one item tuple with a trailing comma like this::
+
+            cursor.execute("insert into books values(?)", ("a title",) )
+
+        If you used names in the statement then supply a dictionary as the
+        binding.  It is ok to be missing entries from the dictionary -
+        None/null will be used.  For example::
+
+           cursor.execute("insert into books values(:title, :isbn, :rating)",
+                {"title": "book title", "isbn": 908908908})
+
+        The return is the cursor object itself which is also an iterator.  This allows you to write::
+
+           for row in cursor.execute("select * from books"):
+              print(row)
+
+        :raises TypeError: The bindings supplied were neither a dict nor a sequence
+        :raises BindingsError: You supplied too many or too few bindings for the statements
+        :raises IncompleteExecutionError: There are remaining unexecuted queries from your last execute
+
+        Calls:
+          * `sqlite3_prepare_v3 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`__
+          * `sqlite3_step <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/step.html>`__
+          * `sqlite3_bind_int64 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`__
+          * `sqlite3_bind_null <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`__
+          * `sqlite3_bind_text <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`__
+          * `sqlite3_bind_double <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`__
+          * `sqlite3_bind_blob <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`__
+          * `sqlite3_bind_zeroblob <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def executemany(self, statements: str, sequenceofbindings: Sequence[Bindings], *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor:
+        """This method is for when you want to execute the same statements over
+        a sequence of bindings.  Conceptually it does this::
+
+          for binding in sequenceofbindings:
+              cursor.execute(statements, binding)
+
+        Example::
+
+          rows=(  (1, 7),
+                  (2, 23),
+                  (4, 92),
+                  (12, 12) )
+
+          cursor.executemany("insert into nums values(?,?)", rows)
+
+        The return is the cursor itself which acts as an iterator.  Your
+        statements can return data.  See :meth:`~Cursor.execute` for more
+        information."""
+        ...
+
+    expanded_sql: str
+    """The SQL text with bound parameters expanded.  For example::
+
+       execute("select ?, ?", (3, "three"))
+
+    would return::
+
+       select 3, 'three'
+
+    Note that while SQLite supports nulls in strings, their implementation
+    of sqlite3_expanded_sql stops at the first null.
+
+    Calls: `sqlite3_expanded_sql <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/expanded_sql.html>`__"""
+
+    def fetchall(self) -> list[Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...]]:
+        """Returns all remaining result rows as a list.  This method is defined
+        in DBAPI.  It is a longer way of doing ``list(cursor)``."""
+        ...
+
+    def fetchone(self) -> Optional[Any]:
+        """Returns the next row of data or None if there are no more rows."""
+        ...
+
+    def getconnection(self) -> Connection:
+        """Returns the :attr:`connection` this cursor is using"""
+        ...
+
+    def getdescription(self) -> Tuple[Tuple[str, str], ...]:
+        """If you are trying to get information about a table or view,
+        then `pragma table_info <https://sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_table_info>`__
+        is better.
+
+        Returns a tuple describing each column in the result row.  The
+        return is identical for every row of the results.  You can only
+        call this method once you have started executing a statement and
+        before you have finished::
+
+           # This will error
+           cursor.getdescription()
+
+           for row in cursor.execute("select ....."):
+              # this works
+              print (cursor.getdescription())
+              print (row)
+
+        The information about each column is a tuple of ``(column_name,
+        declared_column_type)``.  The type is what was declared in the
+        ``CREATE TABLE`` statement - the value returned in the row will be
+        whatever type you put in for that row and column.  (This is known
+        as `manifest typing <https://sqlite.org/different.html#typing>`_
+        which is also the way that Python works.  The variable ``a`` could
+        contain an integer, and then you could put a string in it.  Other
+        static languages such as C or other SQL databases only let you put
+        one type in - eg ``a`` could only contain an integer or a string,
+        but never both.)
+
+        Example::
+
+           cursor.execute("create table books(title string, isbn number, wibbly wobbly zebra)")
+           cursor.execute("insert into books values(?,?,?)", (97, "fjfjfj", 3.7))
+           cursor.execute("insert into books values(?,?,?)", ("fjfjfj", 3.7, 97))
+
+           for row in cursor.execute("select * from books"):
+              print (cursor.getdescription())
+              print (row)
+
+        Output::
+
+          # row 0 - description
+          (('title', 'string'), ('isbn', 'number'), ('wibbly', 'wobbly zebra'))
+          # row 0 - values
+          (97, 'fjfjfj', 3.7)
+          # row 1 - description
+          (('title', 'string'), ('isbn', 'number'), ('wibbly', 'wobbly zebra'))
+          # row 1 - values
+          ('fjfjfj', 3.7, 97)
+
+        Calls:
+          * `sqlite3_column_name <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_name.html>`__
+          * `sqlite3_column_decltype <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_decltype.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def getexectrace(self) -> Optional[ExecTracer]:
+        """Returns the currently installed :attr:`execution tracer
+        <Cursor.exectrace>`
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+          * :ref:`tracing`"""
+        ...
+
+    def getrowtrace(self) -> Optional[RowTracer]:
+        """Returns the currently installed (via :meth:`~Cursor.setrowtrace`)
+        row tracer.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+          * :ref:`tracing`"""
+        ...
+
+    is_explain: int
+    """Returns 0 if executing a normal query, 1 if it is an EXPLAIN query,
+    and 2 if an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN query.
+
+    Calls: `sqlite3_stmt_isexplain <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/stmt_isexplain.html>`__"""
+
+    is_readonly: bool
+    """Returns True if the current query does not change the database.
+
+    Note that called functions, virtual tables etc could make changes though.
+
+    Calls: `sqlite3_stmt_readonly <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/stmt_readonly.html>`__"""
+
+    def __iter__(self: Cursor) -> Cursor:
+        """Cursors are iterators"""
+        ...
+
+    def __next__(self: Cursor) -> Any:
+        """Cursors are iterators"""
+        ...
+
+    rowtrace: Optional[RowTracer]
+    """Called with cursor and row being returned.  You can
+    change the data that is returned or cause the row to be skipped
+    altogether.
+
+    If *callable* is *None* then any existing row tracer is
+    unregistered.
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+      * :ref:`tracing`
+      * :ref:`rowtracer`
+      * :attr:`Connection.rowtrace`"""
+
+    def setexectrace(self, callable: Optional[ExecTracer]) -> None:
+        """Sets the :attr:`execution tracer <Cursor.exectrace>`"""
+        ...
+
+    def setrowtrace(self, callable: Optional[RowTracer]) -> None:
+        """Sets the :attr:`row tracer <Cursor.rowtrace>`"""
+        ...
+
 
 class URIFilename:
-    def __init__(self, ) -> None: ...
-    def filename(self) -> str: ...
-    def uri_boolean(self, name: str, default: bool) -> bool: ...
-    def uri_int(self, name: str, default: int) -> int: ...
-    def uri_parameter(self, name: str) -> Optional[str]: ...
+    """SQLite uses a convoluted method of storing `uri parameters
+    <https://sqlite.org/uri.html>`__ after the filename binding the
+    C filename representation and parameters together.  This class
+    encapsulates that binding.  The :ref:`example <example_vfs>` shows
+    usage of this class.
+
+    Your :meth:`VFS.xOpen` method will generally be passed one of
+    these instead of a string as the filename if the URI flag was used
+    or the main database flag is set.
+
+    You can safely pass it on to the :class:`VFSFile` constructor
+    which knows how to get the name back out."""
+
+    def filename(self) -> str:
+        """Returns the filename."""
+        ...
+
+    def uri_boolean(self, name: str, default: bool) -> bool:
+        """Returns the boolean value for parameter `name` or `default` if not
+        present.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_uri_boolean <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/uri_boolean.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def uri_int(self, name: str, default: int) -> int:
+        """Returns the integer value for parameter `name` or `default` if not
+        present.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_uri_int64 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/uri_boolean.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def uri_parameter(self, name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Returns the value of parameter `name` or None.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_uri_parameter <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/uri_boolean.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
 
 class VFSFile:
-    def __init__(self, vfs: str, filename: Union[str,URIFilename], flags: List[int]): ...
-    def excepthook(self, etype: type[BaseException], evalue: BaseException, etraceback: Optional[TracebackType]) ->None: ...
-    def xCheckReservedLock(self) -> bool: ...
-    def xClose(self) -> None: ...
-    def xDeviceCharacteristics(self) -> int: ...
-    def xFileControl(self, op: int, ptr: int) -> bool: ...
-    def xFileSize(self) -> int: ...
-    def xLock(self, level: int) -> None: ...
-    def xRead(self, amount: int, offset: int) -> bytes: ...
-    def xSectorSize(self) -> int: ...
-    def xSync(self, flags: int) -> None: ...
-    def xTruncate(self, newsize: int) -> None: ...
-    def xUnlock(self, level: int) -> None: ...
-    def xWrite(self, data: bytes, offset: int) -> None: ...
+    """Wraps access to a file.  You only need to derive from this class
+    if you want the file object returned from :meth:`VFS.xOpen` to
+    inherit from an existing VFS implementation.
+
+    .. note::
+
+       All file sizes and offsets are 64 bit quantities even on 32 bit
+       operating systems."""
+
+    def excepthook(self, etype: type[BaseException], evalue: BaseException, etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) ->None:
+        """Called when there has been an exception in a :class:`VFSFile`
+        routine.  The default implementation calls ``sys.excepthook`` and
+        if that fails then ``PyErr_Display``.  The three arguments
+        correspond to what ``sys.exc_info()`` would return.
+
+        :param etype: The exception type
+        :param evalue: The exception  value
+        :param etraceback: The exception traceback.  Note this
+          includes all frames all the way up to the thread being started."""
+        ...
+
+    def __init__(self, vfs: str, filename: Union[str,URIFilename], flags: List[int]):
+        """:param vfs: The vfs you want to inherit behaviour from.  You can
+           use an empty string ``""`` to inherit from the default vfs.
+        :param name: The name of the file being opened.  May be an instance of :class:`URIFilename`.
+        :param flags: A two item list ``[inflags, outflags]`` as detailed in :meth:`VFS.xOpen`.
+
+        :raises ValueError: If the named VFS is not registered.
+
+        .. note::
+
+          If the VFS that you inherit from supports :ref:`write ahead
+          logging <wal>` then your :class:`VFSFile` will also support the
+          xShm methods necessary to implement wal.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+          :meth:`VFS.xOpen`"""
+        ...
+
+    def xCheckReservedLock(self) -> bool:
+        """Returns True if any database connection (in this or another process)
+        has a lock other than `SQLITE_LOCK_NONE or SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED
+        <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html>`_."""
+        ...
+
+    def xClose(self) -> None:
+        """Close the database. Note that even if you return an error you should
+        still close the file.  It is safe to call this method multiple
+        times."""
+        ...
+
+    def xDeviceCharacteristics(self) -> int:
+        """Return `I/O capabilities
+        <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`_ (bitwise or of
+        appropriate values). If you do not implement the function or have an
+        error then 0 (the SQLite default) is returned."""
+        ...
+
+    def xFileControl(self, op: int, ptr: int) -> bool:
+        """Receives `file control
+        <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/file_control.html>`_ request typically
+        issued by :meth:`Connection.filecontrol`.  See
+        :meth:`Connection.filecontrol` for an example of how to pass a
+        Python object to this routine.
+
+        :param op: A numeric code.  Codes below 100 are reserved for SQLite
+          internal use.
+        :param ptr: An integer corresponding to a pointer at the C level.
+
+        :returns: A boolean indicating if the op was understood
+
+        As of SQLite 3.6.10, this method is called by SQLite if you have
+        inherited from an underlying VFSFile.  Consequently ensure you pass
+        any unrecognised codes through to your super class.  For example::
+
+                 def xFileControl(self, op, ptr):
+                     if op==1027:
+                         process_quick(ptr)
+                     elif op==1028:
+                         obj=ctypes.py_object.from_address(ptr).value
+                     else:
+                         # this ensures superclass implementation is called
+                         return super(MyFile, self).xFileControl(op, ptr)
+         # we understood the op
+               return True"""
+        ...
+
+    def xFileSize(self) -> int:
+        """Return the size of the file in bytes.  Remember that file sizes are
+        64 bit quantities even on 32 bit operating systems."""
+        ...
+
+    def xLock(self, level: int) -> None:
+        """Increase the lock to the level specified which is one of the
+        `SQLITE_LOCK <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html>`_
+        family of constants. If you can't increase the lock level because
+        someone else has locked it, then raise :exc:`BusyError`."""
+        ...
+
+    def xRead(self, amount: int, offset: int) -> bytes:
+        """Read the specified *amount* of data starting at *offset*. You
+        should make every effort to read all the data requested, or return
+        an error. If you have the file open for non-blocking I/O or if
+        signals happen then it is possible for the underlying operating
+        system to do a partial read. You will need to request the
+        remaining data. Except for empty files SQLite considers short
+        reads to be a fatal error.
+
+        :param amount: Number of bytes to read
+        :param offset: Where to start reading. This number may be 64 bit once the database is larger than 2GB."""
+        ...
+
+    def xSectorSize(self) -> int:
+        """Return the native underlying sector size. SQLite uses the value
+        returned in determining the default database page size. If you do
+        not implement the function or have an error then 4096 (the SQLite
+        default) is returned."""
+        ...
+
+    def xSync(self, flags: int) -> None:
+        """Ensure data is on the disk platters (ie could survive a power
+        failure immediately after the call returns) with the `sync flags
+        <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html>`_ detailing what
+        needs to be synced.  You can sync more than what is requested."""
+        ...
+
+    def xTruncate(self, newsize: int) -> None:
+        """Set the file length to *newsize* (which may be more or less than the
+        current length)."""
+        ...
+
+    def xUnlock(self, level: int) -> None:
+        """Decrease the lock to the level specified which is one of the
+        `SQLITE_LOCK <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html>`_
+        family of constants."""
+        ...
+
+    def xWrite(self, data: bytes, offset: int) -> None:
+        """Write the *data* starting at absolute *offset*. You must write all the data
+        requested, or return an error. If you have the file open for
+        non-blocking I/O or if signals happen then it is possible for the
+        underlying operating system to do a partial write. You will need to
+        write the remaining data.
+
+        :param offset: Where to start writing. This number may be 64 bit once the database is larger than 2GB."""
+        ...
+
 
 class VFS:
-    def __init__(self, name: str, base: Optional[str] = None, makedefault: bool = False, maxpathname: int = 1024): ...
-    def excepthook(self, etype: type[BaseException], evalue: BaseException, etraceback: Optional[TracebackType]) -> Any: ...
-    def unregister(self) -> None: ...
-    def xAccess(self, pathname: str, flags: int) -> bool: ...
-    def xCurrentTime(self)  -> float: ...
-    def xDelete(self, filename: str, syncdir: bool) -> None: ...
-    def xDlClose(self, handle: int) -> None: ...
-    def xDlError(self) -> str: ...
-    def xDlOpen(self, filename: str) -> int: ...
-    def xDlSym(self, handle: int, symbol: str) -> int: ...
-    def xFullPathname(self, name: str) -> str: ...
-    def xGetLastError(self) -> Tuple[int, str]: ...
-    def xGetSystemCall(self, name: str) -> Optional[int]: ...
-    def xNextSystemCall(self, name: Optional[str]) -> Optional[str]: ...
-    def xOpen(self, name: Optional[Union[str,URIFilename]], flags: List[int]) -> VFSFile: ...
-    def xRandomness(self, numbytes: int) -> bytes: ...
-    def xSetSystemCall(self, name: Optional[str], pointer: int) -> bool: ...
-    def xSleep(self, microseconds: int) -> int: ...
+    """Provides operating system access.  You can get an overview in the
+    `SQLite documentation <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html>`_.  To
+    create a VFS your Python class must inherit from :class:`VFS`."""
+
+    def excepthook(self, etype: type[BaseException], evalue: BaseException, etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Any:
+        """Called when there has been an exception in a :class:`VFS` routine.
+        The default implementation passes args to ``sys.excepthook`` and if that
+        fails then ``PyErr_Display``.  The three arguments correspond to
+        what ``sys.exc_info()`` would return."""
+        ...
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, base: Optional[str] = None, makedefault: bool = False, maxpathname: int = 1024):
+        """:param name: The name to register this vfs under.  If the name
+            already exists then this vfs will replace the prior one of the
+            same name.  Use :meth:`apsw.vfsnames` to get a list of
+            registered vfs names.
+
+        :param base: If you would like to inherit behaviour from an already registered vfs then give
+            their name.  To inherit from the default vfs, use a zero
+            length string ``""`` as the name.
+
+        :param makedefault: If true then this vfs will be registered as the default, and will be
+            used by any opens that don't specify a vfs.
+
+        :param maxpathname: The maximum length of database name in bytes when
+            represented in UTF-8.  If a pathname is passed in longer than
+            this value then SQLite will not `be able to open it
+            <https://sqlite.org/src/tktview/c060923a5422590b3734eb92eae0c94934895b68>`__.
+
+        :raises ValueError: If *base* is not *None* and the named vfs is not
+          currently registered.
+
+        Calls:
+          * `sqlite3_vfs_register <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs_find.html>`__
+          * `sqlite3_vfs_find <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs_find.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def unregister(self) -> None:
+        """Unregisters the VFS making it unavailable to future database
+        opens. You do not need to call this as the VFS is automatically
+        unregistered by when the VFS has no more references or open
+        databases using it. It is however useful to call if you have made
+        your VFS be the default and wish to immediately make it be
+        unavailable. It is safe to call this routine multiple times.
+
+        Calls: `sqlite3_vfs_unregister <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs_find.html>`__"""
+        ...
+
+    def xAccess(self, pathname: str, flags: int) -> bool:
+        """SQLite wants to check access permissions.  Return True or False
+        accordingly.
+
+        :param pathname: File or directory to check
+        :param flags: One of the `access flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html>`_"""
+        ...
+
+    def xCurrentTime(self)  -> float:
+        """Return the `Julian Day Number
+        <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_day>`_ as a floating point
+        number where the integer portion is the day and the fractional part
+        is the time. Do not adjust for timezone (ie use `UTC
+        <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Time>`_)."""
+        ...
+
+    def xDelete(self, filename: str, syncdir: bool) -> None:
+        """Delete the named file. If the file is missing then raise an
+        :exc:`IOError` exception with extendedresult
+        *SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT*
+
+        :param filename: File to delete
+
+        :param syncdir: If True then the directory should be synced
+          ensuring that the file deletion has been recorded on the disk
+          platters.  ie if there was an immediate power failure after this
+          call returns, on a reboot the file would still be deleted."""
+        ...
+
+    def xDlClose(self, handle: int) -> None:
+        """Close and unload the library corresponding to the handle you
+        returned from :meth:`~VFS.xDlOpen`.  You can use ctypes to do
+        this::
+
+          def xDlClose(handle):
+             # Note leading underscore in _ctypes
+             _ctypes.dlclose(handle)       # Linux/Mac/Unix
+             _ctypes.FreeLibrary(handle)   # Windows"""
+        ...
+
+    def xDlError(self) -> str:
+        """Return an error string describing the last error of
+        :meth:`~VFS.xDlOpen` or :meth:`~VFS.xDlSym` (ie they returned
+        zero/NULL). If you do not supply this routine then SQLite provides
+        a generic message. To implement this method, catch exceptions in
+        :meth:`~VFS.xDlOpen` or :meth:`~VFS.xDlSym`, turn them into
+        strings, save them, and return them in this routine.  If you have
+        an error in this routine or return None then SQLite's generic
+        message will be used."""
+        ...
+
+    def xDlOpen(self, filename: str) -> int:
+        """Load the shared library. You should return a number which will be
+        treated as a void pointer at the C level. On error you should
+        return 0 (NULL). The number is passed as is to
+        :meth:`~VFS.xDlSym`/:meth:`~VFS.xDlClose` so it can represent
+        anything that is convenient for you (eg an index into an
+        array). You can use ctypes to load a library::
+
+          def xDlOpen(name):
+             return ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(name)._handle"""
+        ...
+
+    def xDlSym(self, handle: int, symbol: str) -> int:
+        """Returns the address of the named symbol which will be called by
+        SQLite. On error you should return 0 (NULL). You can use ctypes::
+
+          def xDlSym(ptr, name):
+             return _ctypes.dlsym (ptr, name)  # Linux/Unix/Mac etc (note leading underscore)
+             return ctypes.win32.kernel32.GetProcAddress (ptr, name)  # Windows
+
+        :param handle: The value returned from an earlier :meth:`~VFS.xDlOpen` call
+        :param symbol: A string"""
+        ...
+
+    def xFullPathname(self, name: str) -> str:
+        """Return the absolute pathname for name.  You can use ``os.path.abspath`` to do this."""
+        ...
+
+    def xGetLastError(self) -> Tuple[int, str]:
+        """This method is to return an integer error code and (optional) text describing
+        the last error that happened in this thread.
+
+        .. note:: SQLite 3.12 changed the semantics in an incompatible way from
+             earlier versions.  You will need to rewrite earlier implementations."""
+        ...
+
+    def xGetSystemCall(self, name: str) -> Optional[int]:
+        """Returns a pointer for the current method implementing the named
+        system call.  Return None if the call does not exist."""
+        ...
+
+    def xNextSystemCall(self, name: Optional[str]) -> Optional[str]:
+        """This method is repeatedly called to iterate over all of the system
+        calls in the vfs.  When called with None you should return the
+        name of the first system call.  In subsequent calls return the
+        name after the one passed in.  If name is the last system call
+        then return None.
+
+        .. note::
+
+          Because of internal SQLite implementation semantics memory will
+          be leaked on each call to this function.  Consequently you
+          should build up the list of call names once rather than
+          repeatedly doing it."""
+        ...
+
+    def xOpen(self, name: Optional[Union[str,URIFilename]], flags: List[int]) -> VFSFile:
+        """This method should return a new file object based on name.  You
+        can return a :class:`VFSFile` from a completely different VFS.
+
+        :param name: File to open.  Note that *name* may be *None* in which
+            case you should open a temporary file with a name of your
+            choosing.  May be an instance of :class:`URIFilename`.
+
+        :param flags: A list of two integers ``[inputflags,
+          outputflags]``.  Each integer is one or more of the `open flags
+          <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`_ binary orred
+          together.  The ``inputflags`` tells you what SQLite wants.  For
+          example *SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE* means the file should
+          be automatically deleted when closed.  The ``outputflags``
+          describes how you actually did open the file.  For example if you
+          opened it read only then *SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY* should be
+          set."""
+        ...
+
+    def xRandomness(self, numbytes: int) -> bytes:
+        """This method is called once when SQLite needs to seed the random
+        number generator. It is called on the default VFS only. It is not
+        called again, even across :meth:`apsw.shutdown` calls.  You can
+        return less than the number of bytes requested including None. If
+        you return more then the surplus is ignored."""
+        ...
+
+    def xSetSystemCall(self, name: Optional[str], pointer: int) -> bool:
+        """Change a system call used by the VFS.  This is useful for testing
+        and some other scenarios such as sandboxing.
+
+        :param name: The string name of the system call
+
+        :param pointer: A pointer provided as an int.  There is no
+          reference counting or other memory tracking of the pointer.  If
+          you provide one you need to ensure it is around for the lifetime
+          of this and any other related VFS.
+
+        Raise an exception to return an error.  If the system call does
+        not exist then raise :exc:`NotFoundError`.
+
+        If `name` is None, then all systemcalls are reset to their defaults.  This
+        behaviour is not documented.
+
+        :returns: True if the system call was set.  False if the system
+          call is not known."""
+        ...
+
+    def xSleep(self, microseconds: int) -> int:
+        """Pause execution of the thread for at least the specified number of
+        microseconds (millionths of a second).  This routine is typically called from the busy handler.
+
+        :returns: How many microseconds you actually requested the
+          operating system to sleep for. For example if your operating
+          system sleep call only takes seconds then you would have to have
+          rounded the microseconds number up to the nearest second and
+          should return that rounded up value."""
+        ...
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+
+    class VTCursor(Protocol):
+        """.. note::
+
+          There is no actual *VTCursor* class - it is shown this way for
+          documentation convenience and is present as a `typing protocol
+          <https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol>`__.
+          Your cursor instance should implement all the methods documented
+          here.
+
+
+        The :class:`VTCursor` object is used for iterating over a table.
+        There may be many cursors simultaneously so each one needs to keep
+        track of where      :ref:`Virtual table structure <vtablestructure>`
+        it is.
+
+        .. seealso::
+
+             :ref:`Virtual table structure <vtablestructure>`"""
+
+        def Close(self) -> None:
+            """This is the destructor for the cursor. Note that you must
+            cleanup. The method will not be called again if you raise an
+            exception."""
+            ...
+
+        def Column(self, number: int) -> SQLiteValue:
+            """Requests the value of the specified column *number* of the current
+            row.  If *number* is -1 then return the rowid.
+
+            :returns: Must be one one of the :ref:`5
+              supported types <types>`"""
+            ...
+
+        def Eof(self) -> bool:
+            """Called to ask if we are at the end of the table. It is called after each call to Filter and Next.
+
+            :returns: False if the cursor is at a valid row of data, else True
+
+            .. note::
+
+              This method can only return True or False to SQLite.  If you have
+              an exception in the method or provide a non-boolean return then
+              True (no more data) will be returned to SQLite."""
+            ...
+
+        def Filter(self, indexnum: int, indexname: str, constraintargs: Optional[Tuple]) -> None:
+            """This method is always called first to initialize an iteration to the
+            first row of the table. The arguments come from the
+            :meth:`~VTTable.BestIndex` method in the :class:`table <VTTable>`
+            object with constraintargs being a tuple of the constraints you
+            requested. If you always return None in BestIndex then indexnum will
+            be zero, indexstring will be None and constraintargs will be empty)."""
+            ...
+
+        def Next(self) -> None:
+            """Move the cursor to the next row.  Do not have an exception if there
+            is no next row.  Instead return False when :meth:`~VTCursor.Eof` is
+            subsequently called.
+
+            If you said you had indices in your :meth:`VTTable.BestIndex`
+            return, and they were selected for use as provided in the parameters
+            to :meth:`~VTCursor.Filter` then you should move to the next
+            appropriate indexed and constrained row."""
+            ...
+
+        def Rowid(self) -> int:
+            """Return the current rowid."""
+            ...
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+
+    class VTModule(Protocol):
+        """.. note::
+
+          There is no actual *VTModule* class - it is shown this way for
+          documentation convenience and is present as a `typing protocol
+          <https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol>`__.
+          Your module instance should implement all the methods documented here.
+
+        A module instance is used to create the virtual tables.  Once you have
+        a module object, you register it with a connection by calling
+        :meth:`Connection.createmodule`::
+
+          # make an instance
+          mymod=MyModuleClass()
+
+          # register the vtable on connection con
+          con.createmodule("modulename", mymod)
+
+          # tell SQLite about the table
+          con.execute("create VIRTUAL table tablename USING modulename('arg1', 2)")
+
+        The create step is to tell SQLite about the existence of the table.
+        Any number of tables referring to the same module can be made this
+        way.  Note the (optional) arguments which are passed to the module."""
+
+        def Connect(self, connection: Connection, modulename: str, databasename: str, tablename: str, *args: Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...])  -> Tuple[str, VTTable]:
+            """The parameters and return are identical to
+            :meth:`~VTModule.Create`.  This method is called
+            when there are additional references to the table.  :meth:`~VTModule.Create` will be called the first time and
+            :meth:`~VTModule.Connect` after that.
+
+            The advise is to create caches, generated data and other
+            heavyweight processing on :meth:`~VTModule.Create` calls and then
+            find and reuse that on the subsequent :meth:`~VTModule.Connect`
+            calls.
+
+            The corresponding call is :meth:`VTTable.Disconnect`.  If you have a simple virtual table implementation, then just
+            set :meth:`~VTModule.Connect` to be the same as :meth:`~VTModule.Create`::
+
+              class MyModule:
+
+                   def Create(self, connection, modulename, databasename, tablename, *args):
+                       # do lots of hard work
+
+                   Connect=Create"""
+            ...
+
+        def Create(self, connection: Connection, modulename: str, databasename: str, tablename: str, *args: Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...])  -> Tuple[str, VTTable]:
+            """Called when a table is first created on a :class:`connection
+            <Connection>`.
+
+            :param connection: An instance of :class:`Connection`
+            :param modulename: The string name under which the module was :meth:`registered <Connection.createmodule>`
+            :param databasename: The name of the database.  This will be ``main`` for directly opened files and the name specified in
+                    `ATTACH <https://sqlite.org/lang_attach.html>`_ statements.
+            :param tablename: Name of the table the user wants to create.
+            :param args: Any arguments that were specified in the `create virtual table <https://sqlite.org/lang_createvtab.html>`_ statement.
+
+            :returns: A list of two items.  The first is a SQL `create table <https://sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html>`_ statement.  The
+                 columns are parsed so that SQLite knows what columns and declared types exist for the table.  The second item
+                 is an object that implements the :class:`table <VTTable>` methods.
+
+            The corresponding call is :meth:`VTTable.Destroy`."""
+            ...
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+
+    class VTTable(Protocol):
+        """.. note::
+
+          There is no actual *VTTable* class - it is shown this way for
+          documentation convenience and is present as a `typing protocol
+          <https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol>`__.
+          Your table instance should implement the methods documented here.
+
+        The :class:`VTTable` object contains knowledge of the indices, makes
+        cursors and can perform transactions.
+
+
+        .. _vtablestructure:
+
+        A virtual table is structured as a series of rows, each of which has
+        the same columns.  The value in a column must be one of the `5
+        supported types <https://sqlite.org/datatype3.html>`_, but the
+        type can be different between rows for the same column.  The virtual
+        table routines identify the columns by number, starting at zero.
+
+        Each row has a **unique** 64 bit integer `rowid
+        <https://sqlite.org/autoinc.html>`_ with the :class:`Cursor
+        <VTCursor>` routines operating on this number, as well as some of
+        the :class:`Table <VTTable>` routines such as :meth:`UpdateChangeRow
+        <VTTable.UpdateChangeRow>`."""
+
+        def Begin(self) -> None:
+            """This function is used as part of transactions.  You do not have to
+            provide the method."""
+            ...
+
+        def BestIndex(self, constraints: Sequence[Tuple[int, int], ...], orderbys: Sequence[Tuple[int, int], ...]) -> Any:
+            """This is a complex method. To get going initially, just return
+            *None* and you will be fine. Implementing this method reduces
+            the number of rows scanned in your table to satisfy queries, but
+            only if you have an index or index like mechanism available.
+
+            .. note::
+
+              The implementation of this method differs slightly from the
+              `SQLite documentation
+              <https://sqlite.org/vtab.html>`__
+              for the C API. You are not passed "unusable" constraints. The
+              argv/constraintarg positions are not off by one. In the C api, you
+              have to return position 1 to get something passed to
+              :meth:`VTCursor.Filter` in position 0. With the APSW
+              implementation, you return position 0 to get Filter arg 0,
+              position 1 to get Filter arg 1 etc.
+
+            The purpose of this method is to ask if you have the ability to
+            determine if a row meets certain constraints that doesn't involve
+            visiting every row. An example constraint is ``price > 74.99``. In a
+            traditional SQL database, queries with constraints can be speeded up
+            `with indices <https://sqlite.org/lang_createindex.html>`_. If
+            you return None, then SQLite will visit every row in your table and
+            evaluate the constraint itself. Your index choice returned from
+            BestIndex will also be passed to the :meth:`~VTCursor.Filter` method on your cursor
+            object. Note that SQLite may call this method multiple times trying
+            to find the most efficient way of answering a complex query.
+
+            **constraints**
+
+            You will be passed the constraints as a sequence of tuples containing two
+            items. The first item is the column number and the second item is
+            the operation.
+
+               Example query: ``select * from foo where price > 74.99 and
+               quantity<=10 and customer='Acme Widgets'``
+
+               If customer is column 0, price column 2 and quantity column 5
+               then the constraints will be::
+
+                 (2, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT),
+                 (5, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE),
+                 (0, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ)
+
+               Note that you do not get the value of the constraint (ie "Acme
+               Widgets", 74.99 and 10 in this example).
+
+            If you do have any suitable indices then you return a sequence the
+            same length as constraints with the members mapping to the
+            constraints in order. Each can be one of None, an integer or a tuple
+            of an integer and a boolean.  Conceptually SQLite is giving you a
+            list of constraints and you are returning a list of the same length
+            describing how you could satisfy each one.
+
+            Each list item returned corresponding to a constraint is one of:
+
+               None
+                 This means you have no index for that constraint. SQLite
+                 will have to iterate over every row for it.
+
+               integer
+                 This is the argument number for the constraintargs being passed
+                 into the :meth:`~VTCursor.Filter` function of your
+                 :class:`cursor <VTCursor>` (the values "Acme Widgets", 74.99
+                 and 10 in the example).
+
+               (integer, boolean)
+                 By default SQLite will check what you return. For example if
+                 you said that you had an index on price, SQLite will still
+                 check that each row you returned is greater than 74.99. If you
+                 set the boolean to False then SQLite won't do that double
+                 checking.
+
+            Example query: ``select * from foo where price > 74.99 and
+            quantity<=10 and customer=='Acme Widgets'``.  customer is column 0,
+            price column 2 and quantity column 5.  You can index on customer
+            equality and price.
+
+            +----------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
+            | Constraints (in)                       | Constraints used (out)         |
+            +========================================+================================+
+            | ::                                     | ::                             |
+            |                                        |                                |
+            |  (2, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT), |     1,                         |
+            |  (5, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE), |     None,                      |
+            |  (0, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ)  |     0                          |
+            |                                        |                                |
+            +----------------------------------------+--------------------------------+
+
+            When your :class:`~VTCursor.Filter` method in the cursor is called,
+            constraintarg[0] will be "Acme Widgets" (customer constraint value)
+            and constraintarg[1] will be 74.99 (price constraint value). You can
+            also return an index number (integer) and index string to use
+            (SQLite attaches no significance to these values - they are passed
+            as is to your :meth:`VTCursor.Filter` method as a way for the
+            BestIndex method to let the :meth:`~VTCursor.Filter` method know
+            which of your indices or similar mechanism to use.
+
+            **orderbys**
+
+
+            The second argument to BestIndex is a sequence of orderbys because
+            the query requested the results in a certain order. If your data is
+            already in that order then SQLite can give the results back as
+            is. If not, then SQLite will have to sort the results first.
+
+              Example query: ``select * from foo order by price desc, quantity asc``
+
+              Price is column 2, quantity column 5 so orderbys will be::
+
+                (2, True),  # True means descending, False is ascending
+                (5, False)
+
+            **Return**
+
+            You should return up to 5 items. Items not present in the return have a default value.
+
+            0: constraints used (default None)
+              This must either be None or a sequence the same length as
+              constraints passed in. Each item should be as specified above
+              saying if that constraint is used, and if so which constraintarg
+              to make the value be in your :meth:`VTCursor.Filter` function.
+
+            1: index number (default zero)
+              This value is passed as is to :meth:`VTCursor.Filter`
+
+            2: index string (default None)
+              This value is passed as is to :meth:`VTCursor.Filter`
+
+            3: orderby consumed (default False)
+              Return True if your output will be in exactly the same order as the orderbys passed in
+
+            4: estimated cost (default a huge number)
+              Approximately how many disk operations are needed to provide the
+              results. SQLite uses the cost to optimise queries. For example if
+              the query includes *A or B* and A has 2,000 operations and B has 100
+              then it is best to evaluate B before A.
+
+            **A complete example**
+
+            Query is ``select * from foo where price>74.99 and quantity<=10 and
+            customer=="Acme Widgets" order by price desc, quantity asc``.
+            Customer is column 0, price column 2 and quantity column 5. You can
+            index on customer equality and price.
+
+            ::
+
+              BestIndex(constraints, orderbys)
+
+              constraints= ( (2, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT),
+                             (5, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE),
+                             (0, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ)  )
+
+              orderbys= ( (2, True), (5, False) )
+
+
+              # You return
+
+              ( (1, None, 0),   # constraints used
+                27,             # index number
+                "idx_pr_cust",  # index name
+                False,          # results are not in orderbys order
+                1000            # about 1000 disk operations to access index
+              )
+
+
+              # Your Cursor.Filter method will be called with:
+
+              27,              # index number you returned
+              "idx_pr_cust",   # index name you returned
+              "Acme Widgets",  # constraintarg[0] - customer
+              74.99            # constraintarg[1] - price"""
+            ...
+
+        def Commit(self) -> None:
+            """This function is used as part of transactions.  You do not have to
+            provide the method."""
+            ...
+
+        def Destroy(self) -> None:
+            """The opposite of :meth:`VTModule.Create`.  This method is called when
+            the table is no longer used.  Note that you must always release
+            resources even if you intend to return an error, as it will not be
+            called again on error.  SQLite may also leak memory
+            if you return an error."""
+            ...
+
+        def Disconnect(self) -> None:
+            """The opposite of :meth:`VTModule.Connect`.  This method is called when
+            a reference to a virtual table is no longer used, but :meth:`VTTable.Destroy` will
+            be called when the table is no longer used."""
+            ...
+
+        def FindFunction(self, name: str, nargs: int):
+            """Called to find if the virtual table has its own implementation of a
+            particular scalar function. You should return the function if you
+            have it, else return None. You do not have to provide this method.
+
+            This method is called while SQLite is `preparing
+            <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`_ a query.  If a query is
+            in the :ref:`statement cache <statementcache>` then *FindFunction*
+            won't be called again.  If you want to return different
+            implementations for the same function over time then you will need
+            to disable the :ref:`statement cache <statementcache>`.
+
+            :param name: The function name
+            :param nargs: How many arguments the function takes
+
+            .. seealso::
+
+              * :meth:`Connection.overloadfunction`"""
+            ...
+
+        def Open(self) -> VTCursor:
+            """Returns a :class:`cursor <VTCursor>` object."""
+            ...
+
+        def Rename(self, newname: str) -> None:
+            """Notification that the table will be given a new name. If you return
+            without raising an exception, then SQLite renames the table (you
+            don't have to do anything). If you raise an exception then the
+            renaming is prevented.  You do not have to provide this method."""
+            ...
+
+        def Rollback(self) -> None:
+            """This function is used as part of transactions.  You do not have to
+            provide the method."""
+            ...
+
+        def Sync(self) -> None:
+            """This function is used as part of transactions.  You do not have to
+            provide the method."""
+            ...
+
+        def UpdateChangeRow(self, row: int, newrowid: int, fields: Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...]):
+            """Change an existing row.  You may also need to change the rowid - for example if the query was
+            ``UPDATE table SET rowid=rowid+100 WHERE ...``
+
+            :param row: The existing 64 bit integer rowid
+            :param newrowid: If not the same as *row* then also change the rowid to this.
+            :param fields: A tuple of values the same length and order as columns in your table"""
+            ...
+
+        def UpdateDeleteRow(self, rowid: int):
+            """Delete the row with the specified *rowid*.
+
+            :param rowid: 64 bit integer"""
+            ...
+
+        def UpdateInsertRow(self, rowid: Optional[int], fields: Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...])  -> Optional[int]:
+            """Insert a row with the specified *rowid*.
+
+            :param rowid: *None* if you should choose the rowid yourself, else a 64 bit integer
+            :param fields: A tuple of values the same length and order as columns in your table
+
+            :returns: If *rowid* was *None* then return the id you assigned
+              to the row.  If *rowid* was not *None* then the return value
+              is ignored."""
+            ...
+
 
 class zeroblob:
-    def __init__(self, size: int): ...
-    def length(self) -> int: ...
+    """If you want to insert a blob into a row, you previously needed to
+    supply the entire blob in one go.  To read just one byte also
+    required retrieving the blob in its entirety. For example to insert
+    a 100MB file you would have done::
+
+       largedata=open("largefile", "rb").read()
+       cur.execute("insert into foo values(?)", (largedata,))
+
+    SQLite 3.5 allowed for incremental Blob I/O so you can read and
+    write blobs in small amounts.  You cannot change the size of a blob
+    so you need to reserve space which you do through zeroblob which
+    creates a blob of the specified size but full of zero bytes.  For
+    example you would reserve space for your 100MB one of these two
+    ways::
+
+      cur.execute("insert into foo values(zeroblob(100000000))")
+      cur.execute("insert into foo values(?),
+                   (apsw.zeroblob(100000000),))
+
+    This class is used for the second way.  Once a blob exists in the
+    database, you then use the :class:`Blob` class to read and write its
+    contents."""
+
+    def __init__(self, size: int):
+        """:param size: Number of zeroed bytes to create"""
+        ...
+
+    def length(self) -> int:
+        """Size of zero blob in bytes."""
+        ...
+
+
+
+SQLITE_ABORT: int = 4
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK: int = 516
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS: int = 0
+"""For `Flags for the xAccess VFS method <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_ACCESS_READ: int = 2
+"""For `Flags for the xAccess VFS method <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE: int = 1
+"""For `Flags for the xAccess VFS method <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE: int = 26
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_ANALYZE: int = 28
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_ATTACH: int = 24
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_AUTH: int = 23
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_AUTH_USER: int = 279
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_BUSY: int = 5
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY: int = 261
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT: int = 517
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT: int = 773
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CANTOPEN: int = 14
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH: int = 1038
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL: int = 1294
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH: int = 782
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR: int = 526
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR: int = 270
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK: int = 1550
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL: int = 1
+"""For `Checkpoint Mode Values <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE: int = 0
+"""For `Checkpoint Mode Values <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART: int = 2
+"""For `Checkpoint Mode Values <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE: int = 3
+"""For `Checkpoint Mode Values <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN: int = 20
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC: int = 5
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX: int = 11
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE: int = 15
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2: int = 19
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP: int = 8
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG: int = 16
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE: int = 13
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC: int = 4
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE: int = 29
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS: int = 9
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE: int = 22
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD: int = 2
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX: int = 10
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: int = 7
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE: int = 14
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2: int = 18
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ: int = 24
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ: int = 25
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH: int = 6
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED: int = 3
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD: int = 1
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC: int = 27
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE: int = 28
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG: int = 21
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL: int = 26
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_URI: int = 17
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE: int = 23
+"""For `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT: int = 19
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK: int = 275
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK: int = 531
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_DATATYPE: int = 3091
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY: int = 787
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION: int = 1043
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL: int = 1299
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED: int = 2835
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY: int = 1555
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID: int = 2579
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER: int = 1811
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE: int = 2067
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB: int = 2323
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_COPY: int = 0
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CORRUPT: int = 11
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX: int = 779
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE: int = 523
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB: int = 267
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX: int = 1
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE: int = 2
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX: int = 3
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE: int = 4
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER: int = 5
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW: int = 6
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER: int = 7
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW: int = 8
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE: int = 29
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE: int = 1010
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL: int = 1014
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML: int = 1013
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY: int = 1002
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER: int = 1004
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION: int = 1005
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG: int = 1007
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER: int = 1003
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW: int = 1015
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE: int = 1012
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT: int = 1016
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE: int = 1001
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME: int = 1000
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX: int = 1017
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE: int = 1006
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE: int = 1009
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP: int = 1008
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA: int = 1017
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA: int = 1011
+"""For `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT: int = 7
+"""For `Status Parameters for database connections <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS: int = 8
+"""For `Status Parameters for database connections <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL: int = 12
+"""For `Status Parameters for database connections <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED: int = 1
+"""For `Status Parameters for database connections <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED: int = 11
+"""For `Status Parameters for database connections <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE: int = 9
+"""For `Status Parameters for database connections <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS: int = 10
+"""For `Status Parameters for database connections <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT: int = 4
+"""For `Status Parameters for database connections <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL: int = 6
+"""For `Status Parameters for database connections <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE: int = 5
+"""For `Status Parameters for database connections <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED: int = 0
+"""For `Status Parameters for database connections <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX: int = 12
+"""For `Status Parameters for database connections <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED: int = 2
+"""For `Status Parameters for database connections <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED: int = 3
+"""For `Status Parameters for database connections <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DELETE: int = 9
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DENY: int = 1
+"""For `Authorizer Return Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deny.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DETACH: int = 25
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DONE: int = 101
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DROP_INDEX: int = 10
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DROP_TABLE: int = 11
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX: int = 12
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE: int = 13
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER: int = 14
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW: int = 15
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER: int = 16
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DROP_VIEW: int = 17
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE: int = 30
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_EMPTY: int = 16
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_ERROR: int = 1
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ: int = 257
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY: int = 513
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT: int = 769
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FAIL: int = 3
+"""For `Conflict resolution modes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fail.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE: int = 31
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER: int = 15
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE: int = 6
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE: int = 37
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START: int = 39
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE: int = 41
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE: int = 32
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO: int = 22
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION: int = 35
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER: int = 40
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER: int = 7
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE: int = 2
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED: int = 20
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER: int = 28
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO: int = 4
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE: int = 1
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT: int = 34
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE: int = 18
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE: int = 11
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB: int = 30
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL: int = 10
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE: int = 13
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA: int = 14
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU: int = 26
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES: int = 38
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE: int = 33
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE: int = 3
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT: int = 5
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT: int = 36
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC: int = 21
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED: int = 8
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME: int = 16
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE: int = 19
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME: int = 12
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER: int = 27
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK: int = 24
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY: int = 9
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE: int = 29
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE: int = 23
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS: int = 25
+"""For `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FORMAT: int = 24
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FULL: int = 13
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_FUNCTION: int = 31
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IGNORE: int = 2
+"""For `Authorizer Return Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deny.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ: int = 2
+"""For `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION: int = 150
+"""For `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE: int = 32
+"""For `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB: int = 66
+"""For `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT: int = 4
+"""For `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS: int = 72
+"""For `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT: int = 69
+"""For `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL: int = 70
+"""For `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL: int = 71
+"""For `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE: int = 8
+"""For `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE: int = 65
+"""For `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT: int = 73
+"""For `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT: int = 16
+"""For `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH: int = 64
+"""For `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE: int = 68
+"""For `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET: int = 74
+"""For `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP: int = 67
+"""For `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE: int = 1
+"""For `Virtual Table Scan Flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_scan_unique.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INSERT: int = 18
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INTERNAL: int = 2
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_INTERRUPT: int = 9
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC: int = 1
+"""For `Device Characteristics <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K: int = 64
+"""For `Device Characteristics <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K: int = 4
+"""For `Device Characteristics <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K: int = 8
+"""For `Device Characteristics <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K: int = 128
+"""For `Device Characteristics <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K: int = 16
+"""For `Device Characteristics <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512: int = 2
+"""For `Device Characteristics <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K: int = 256
+"""For `Device Characteristics <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K: int = 32
+"""For `Device Characteristics <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC: int = 16384
+"""For `Device Characteristics <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE: int = 8192
+"""For `Device Characteristics <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE: int = 4096
+"""For `Device Characteristics <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND: int = 512
+"""For `Device Characteristics <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL: int = 1024
+"""For `Device Characteristics <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN: int = 2048
+"""For `Device Characteristics <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR: int = 10
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS: int = 3338
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH: int = 7178
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC: int = 7434
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED: int = 2826
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK: int = 3594
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE: int = 4106
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC: int = 7690
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH: int = 6666
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS: int = 8458
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_DATA: int = 8202
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE: int = 2570
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT: int = 5898
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE: int = 4362
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC: int = 1290
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT: int = 1802
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC: int = 1034
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH: int = 6410
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK: int = 3850
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP: int = 6154
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM: int = 3082
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK: int = 2314
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_READ: int = 266
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC: int = 7946
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK: int = 5642
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK: int = 5130
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP: int = 5386
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN: int = 4618
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE: int = 4874
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ: int = 522
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE: int = 1546
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK: int = 2058
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE: int = 6922
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE: int = 778
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED: int = 7
+"""For `Run-Time Limit Categories <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN: int = 2
+"""For `Run-Time Limit Categories <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT: int = 4
+"""For `Run-Time Limit Categories <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH: int = 3
+"""For `Run-Time Limit Categories <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG: int = 6
+"""For `Run-Time Limit Categories <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH: int = 0
+"""For `Run-Time Limit Categories <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH: int = 8
+"""For `Run-Time Limit Categories <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH: int = 1
+"""For `Run-Time Limit Categories <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH: int = 10
+"""For `Run-Time Limit Categories <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER: int = 9
+"""For `Run-Time Limit Categories <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP: int = 5
+"""For `Run-Time Limit Categories <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS: int = 11
+"""For `Run-Time Limit Categories <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LOCKED: int = 6
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE: int = 262
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB: int = 518
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE: int = 4
+"""For `File Locking Levels <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LOCK_NONE: int = 0
+"""For `File Locking Levels <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING: int = 3
+"""For `File Locking Levels <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED: int = 2
+"""For `File Locking Levels <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED: int = 1
+"""For `File Locking Levels <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_MISMATCH: int = 20
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_MISUSE: int = 21
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_NOLFS: int = 22
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_NOMEM: int = 7
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_NOTADB: int = 26
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_NOTFOUND: int = 12
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_NOTICE: int = 27
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK: int = 539
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL: int = 283
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OK: int = 0
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY: int = 256
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK: int = 512
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY: int = 32
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE: int = 4
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE: int = 8
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE: int = 16
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE: int = 33554432
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX: int = 65536
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB: int = 256
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL: int = 2048
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY: int = 128
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW: int = 16777216
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX: int = 32768
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE: int = 262144
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY: int = 1
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE: int = 2
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE: int = 131072
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL: int = 8192
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL: int = 16384
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB: int = 512
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL: int = 4096
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB: int = 1024
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_URI: int = 64
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_OPEN_WAL: int = 524288
+"""For `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_PERM: int = 3
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_PRAGMA: int = 19
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE: int = 2
+"""For `Prepare Flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB: int = 4
+"""For `Prepare Flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT: int = 1
+"""For `Prepare Flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_PROTOCOL: int = 15
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_RANGE: int = 25
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_READ: int = 20
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_READONLY: int = 8
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT: int = 1288
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK: int = 520
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED: int = 1032
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY: int = 1544
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY: int = 264
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK: int = 776
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_RECURSIVE: int = 33
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_REINDEX: int = 27
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_REPLACE: int = 5
+"""For `Conflict resolution modes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fail.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_ROLLBACK: int = 1
+"""For `Conflict resolution modes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fail.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_ROW: int = 100
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_SAVEPOINT: int = 32
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_SCHEMA: int = 17
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_SELECT: int = 21
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE: int = 8
+"""For `Flags for the xShmLock VFS method <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_SHM_LOCK: int = 2
+"""For `Flags for the xShmLock VFS method <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_SHM_SHARED: int = 4
+"""For `Flags for the xShmLock VFS method <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK: int = 1
+"""For `Flags for the xShmLock VFS method <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT: int = 9
+"""For `Status Parameters <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE: int = 5
+"""For `Status Parameters <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED: int = 0
+"""For `Status Parameters <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW: int = 2
+"""For `Status Parameters <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE: int = 7
+"""For `Status Parameters <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED: int = 1
+"""For `Status Parameters <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK: int = 6
+"""For `Status Parameters <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW: int = 4
+"""For `Status Parameters <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE: int = 8
+"""For `Status Parameters <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED: int = 3
+"""For `Status Parameters <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY: int = 16
+"""For `Synchronization Type Flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_SYNC_FULL: int = 3
+"""For `Synchronization Type Flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL: int = 2
+"""For `Synchronization Type Flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_TOOBIG: int = 18
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_TRANSACTION: int = 22
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_TXN_NONE: int = 0
+"""For `Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()] <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_txn_none.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_TXN_READ: int = 1
+"""For `Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()] <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_txn_none.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_TXN_WRITE: int = 2
+"""For `Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()] <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_txn_none.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_UPDATE: int = 23
+"""For `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT: int = 1
+"""For `Virtual Table Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_vtab_constraint_support.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY: int = 3
+"""For `Virtual Table Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_vtab_constraint_support.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS: int = 2
+"""For `Virtual Table Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_vtab_constraint_support.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_WARNING: int = 28
+"""For `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
+SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX: int = 284
+"""For `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>'__"""
 
 
-SQLITE_ABORT: int
-SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK: int
-SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS: int
-SQLITE_ACCESS_READ: int
-SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE: int
-SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE: int
-SQLITE_ANALYZE: int
-SQLITE_ATTACH: int
-SQLITE_AUTH: int
-SQLITE_AUTH_USER: int
-SQLITE_BUSY: int
-SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY: int
-SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT: int
-SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT: int
-SQLITE_CANTOPEN: int
-SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH: int
-SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL: int
-SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH: int
-SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR: int
-SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR: int
-SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK: int
-SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL: int
-SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE: int
-SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART: int
-SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_URI: int
-SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE: int
-SQLITE_CONSTRAINT: int
-SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK: int
-SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK: int
-SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_DATATYPE: int
-SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY: int
-SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION: int
-SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL: int
-SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED: int
-SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY: int
-SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID: int
-SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER: int
-SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE: int
-SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB: int
-SQLITE_COPY: int
-SQLITE_CORRUPT: int
-SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX: int
-SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE: int
-SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB: int
-SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX: int
-SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE: int
-SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX: int
-SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE: int
-SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER: int
-SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW: int
-SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER: int
-SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW: int
-SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA: int
-SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA: int
-SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT: int
-SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS: int
-SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL: int
-SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED: int
-SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED: int
-SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE: int
-SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS: int
-SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT: int
-SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL: int
-SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE: int
-SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED: int
-SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX: int
-SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED: int
-SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED: int
-SQLITE_DELETE: int
-SQLITE_DENY: int
-SQLITE_DETACH: int
-SQLITE_DONE: int
-SQLITE_DROP_INDEX: int
-SQLITE_DROP_TABLE: int
-SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX: int
-SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE: int
-SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER: int
-SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW: int
-SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER: int
-SQLITE_DROP_VIEW: int
-SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE: int
-SQLITE_EMPTY: int
-SQLITE_ERROR: int
-SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ: int
-SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY: int
-SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT: int
-SQLITE_FAIL: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE: int
-SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS: int
-SQLITE_FORMAT: int
-SQLITE_FULL: int
-SQLITE_FUNCTION: int
-SQLITE_IGNORE: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP: int
-SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE: int
-SQLITE_INSERT: int
-SQLITE_INTERNAL: int
-SQLITE_INTERRUPT: int
-SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC: int
-SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K: int
-SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K: int
-SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K: int
-SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K: int
-SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K: int
-SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512: int
-SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K: int
-SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K: int
-SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC: int
-SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE: int
-SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE: int
-SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND: int
-SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL: int
-SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN: int
-SQLITE_IOERR: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_DATA: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_READ: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE: int
-SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE: int
-SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED: int
-SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN: int
-SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT: int
-SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH: int
-SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG: int
-SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH: int
-SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH: int
-SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH: int
-SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH: int
-SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER: int
-SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP: int
-SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS: int
-SQLITE_LOCKED: int
-SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE: int
-SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB: int
-SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE: int
-SQLITE_LOCK_NONE: int
-SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING: int
-SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED: int
-SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED: int
-SQLITE_MISMATCH: int
-SQLITE_MISUSE: int
-SQLITE_NOLFS: int
-SQLITE_NOMEM: int
-SQLITE_NOTADB: int
-SQLITE_NOTFOUND: int
-SQLITE_NOTICE: int
-SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK: int
-SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL: int
-SQLITE_OK: int
-SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY: int
-SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_URI: int
-SQLITE_OPEN_WAL: int
-SQLITE_PERM: int
-SQLITE_PRAGMA: int
-SQLITE_PROTOCOL: int
-SQLITE_RANGE: int
-SQLITE_READ: int
-SQLITE_READONLY: int
-SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT: int
-SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK: int
-SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED: int
-SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY: int
-SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY: int
-SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK: int
-SQLITE_RECURSIVE: int
-SQLITE_REINDEX: int
-SQLITE_REPLACE: int
-SQLITE_ROLLBACK: int
-SQLITE_ROW: int
-SQLITE_SAVEPOINT: int
-SQLITE_SCHEMA: int
-SQLITE_SELECT: int
-SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE: int
-SQLITE_SHM_LOCK: int
-SQLITE_SHM_SHARED: int
-SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK: int
-SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT: int
-SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE: int
-SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED: int
-SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW: int
-SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE: int
-SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED: int
-SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK: int
-SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW: int
-SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE: int
-SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED: int
-SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY: int
-SQLITE_SYNC_FULL: int
-SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL: int
-SQLITE_TOOBIG: int
-SQLITE_TRANSACTION: int
-SQLITE_TXN_NONE: int
-SQLITE_TXN_READ: int
-SQLITE_TXN_WRITE: int
-SQLITE_UPDATE: int
-SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT: int
-SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY: int
-SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS: int
-SQLITE_WARNING: int
-SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX: int
+mapping_access: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Flags for the xAccess VFS method mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html
 
+SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS SQLITE_ACCESS_READ SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE"""
 
-mapping_access: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
 mapping_authorizer_function: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Authorizer Action Codes mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html
+
+SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE SQLITE_ANALYZE SQLITE_ATTACH SQLITE_COPY
+SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX
+SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER
+SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW
+SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE SQLITE_DELETE SQLITE_DETACH SQLITE_DROP_INDEX
+SQLITE_DROP_TABLE SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE
+SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER
+SQLITE_DROP_VIEW SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE SQLITE_FUNCTION SQLITE_INSERT
+SQLITE_PRAGMA SQLITE_READ SQLITE_RECURSIVE SQLITE_REINDEX
+SQLITE_SAVEPOINT SQLITE_SELECT SQLITE_TRANSACTION SQLITE_UPDATE"""
+
 mapping_authorizer_return: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Authorizer Return Codes mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deny.html
+
+SQLITE_DENY SQLITE_IGNORE"""
+
 mapping_bestindex_constraints: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html
+
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET
+SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP"""
+
 mapping_config: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Configuration Options mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html
+
+SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC
+SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
+SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG
+SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC
+SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS
+SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX
+SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2
+SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH
+SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
+SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
+SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
+SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE"""
+
 mapping_conflict_resolution_modes: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Conflict resolution modes mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fail.html
+
+SQLITE_FAIL SQLITE_REPLACE SQLITE_ROLLBACK"""
+
 mapping_db_config: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Database Connection Configuration Options mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html
+
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP
+SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA"""
+
 mapping_db_status: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Status Parameters for database connections mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html
+
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED
+SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED"""
+
 mapping_device_characteristics: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Device Characteristics mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html
+
+SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K
+SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K
+SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512 SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K
+SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE
+SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND
+SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN"""
+
 mapping_extended_result_codes: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Extended Result Codes mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/rescode.html
+
+SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK SQLITE_AUTH_USER SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY
+SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH
+SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH
+SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR
+SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_DATATYPE
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE
+SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE
+SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY
+SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH
+SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED
+SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE
+SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH
+SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS SQLITE_IOERR_DATA SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE
+SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE
+SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC
+SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP
+SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK SQLITE_IOERR_READ
+SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK
+SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE
+SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK
+SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE
+SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK
+SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK
+SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK
+SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY
+SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK
+SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX"""
+
 mapping_file_control: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Standard File Control Opcodes mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html
+
+SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER
+SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START
+SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE
+SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION
+SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
+SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED
+SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
+SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT
+SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB
+SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
+SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES
+SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
+SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC
+SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE
+SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK
+SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE
+SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS"""
+
 mapping_limits: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Run-Time Limit Categories mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html
+
+SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
+SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH
+SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH
+SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER
+SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS"""
+
 mapping_locking_level: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""File Locking Levels mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html
+
+SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE SQLITE_LOCK_NONE SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING
+SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED"""
+
 mapping_open_flags: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Flags For File Open Operations mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html
+
+SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE
+SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX
+SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY
+SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE
+SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE
+SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB
+SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB SQLITE_OPEN_URI
+SQLITE_OPEN_WAL"""
+
+mapping_prepare_flags: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Prepare Flags mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.html
+
+SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB
+SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT"""
+
 mapping_result_codes: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Result Codes mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/rescode.html
+
+SQLITE_ABORT SQLITE_AUTH SQLITE_BUSY SQLITE_CANTOPEN SQLITE_CONSTRAINT
+SQLITE_CORRUPT SQLITE_DONE SQLITE_EMPTY SQLITE_ERROR SQLITE_FORMAT
+SQLITE_FULL SQLITE_INTERNAL SQLITE_INTERRUPT SQLITE_IOERR
+SQLITE_LOCKED SQLITE_MISMATCH SQLITE_MISUSE SQLITE_NOLFS SQLITE_NOMEM
+SQLITE_NOTADB SQLITE_NOTFOUND SQLITE_NOTICE SQLITE_OK SQLITE_PERM
+SQLITE_PROTOCOL SQLITE_RANGE SQLITE_READONLY SQLITE_ROW SQLITE_SCHEMA
+SQLITE_TOOBIG SQLITE_WARNING"""
+
 mapping_status: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Status Parameters mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html
+
+SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE
+SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW
+SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED
+SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW
+SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED"""
+
 mapping_sync: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Synchronization Type Flags mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html
+
+SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY SQLITE_SYNC_FULL SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL"""
+
 mapping_txn_state: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()] mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_txn_none.html
+
+SQLITE_TXN_NONE SQLITE_TXN_READ SQLITE_TXN_WRITE"""
+
 mapping_virtual_table_configuration_options: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Virtual Table Configuration Options mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_vtab_constraint_support.html
+
+SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY
+SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS"""
+
 mapping_virtual_table_scan_flags: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Virtual Table Scan Flags mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_scan_unique.html
+
+SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE"""
+
 mapping_wal_checkpoint: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Checkpoint Mode Values mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html
+
+SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE
+SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE"""
+
 mapping_xshmlock_flags: Dict[Union[str,int],Union[int,str]]
+"""Flags for the xShmLock VFS method mapping names to int and int to names.
+Doc at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html
+
+SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE SQLITE_SHM_LOCK SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
+SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK"""
+
+
+
+class Error(Exception):
+    """This is the base for APSW exceptions."""
+
+class AbortError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_ABORT*. Callback routine requested an abort."""
+
+class AuthError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_AUTH*.  :attr:`Authorization <Connection.authorizer>` denied."""
+
+class BindingsError(Error):
+    """There are several causes for this exception.  When using tuples, an incorrect number of bindings where supplied::
+
+       cursor.execute("select ?,?,?", (1,2))     # too few bindings
+       cursor.execute("select ?,?,?", (1,2,3,4)) # too many bindings
+
+    You are using named bindings, but not all bindings are named.  You should either use entirely the
+    named style or entirely numeric (unnamed) style::
+
+       cursor.execute("select * from foo where x=:name and y=?")
+
+    .. note::
+
+       It is not considered an error to have missing keys in a dictionary. For example this is perfectly valid::
+
+            cursor.execute("insert into foo values($a,:b,$c)", {'a': 1})
+
+       *b* and *c* are not in the dict.  For missing keys, None/NULL
+       will be used. This is so you don't have to add lots of spurious
+       values to the supplied dict. If your schema requires every column
+       have a value, then SQLite will generate an error due to some
+       values being None/NULL so that case will be caught."""
+
+class BusyError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_BUSY*.  The database file is locked.  Use
+    :meth:`Connection.setbusytimeout` to change how long SQLite waits
+    for the database to be unlocked or :meth:`Connection.setbusyhandler`
+    to use your own handler."""
+
+class CantOpenError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_CANTOPEN*.  Unable to open the database file."""
+
+class ConnectionClosedError(Error):
+    """You have called :meth:`Connection.close` and then continued to use
+    the :class:`Connection` or associated :class:`cursors <Cursor>`."""
+
+class ConnectionNotClosedError(Error):
+    """This exception is no longer generated.  It was required in earlier
+    releases due to constraints in threading usage with SQLite."""
+
+class ConstraintError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_CONSTRAINT*. Abort due to `constraint
+    <https://sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html>`_ violation.  This
+    would happen if the schema required a column to be within a specific
+    range.  If you have multiple constraints, you `can't tell
+    <https://sqlite.org/src/tktview/23b212820161c6599cbf414aa99bf8a5bfa5e7a3>`__
+    which one was the cause."""
+
+class CorruptError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_CORRUPT*.  The database disk image appears to be a
+    SQLite database but the values inside are inconsistent."""
+
+class CursorClosedError(Error):
+    """You have called :meth:`Cursor.close` and then tried to use the cursor."""
+
+class EmptyError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_EMPTY*. Database is completely empty."""
+
+class ExecTraceAbort(Error):
+    """The :ref:`execution tracer <executiontracer>` returned False so
+    execution was aborted."""
+
+class ExecutionCompleteError(Error):
+    """A statement is complete but you try to run it more anyway!"""
+
+class ExtensionLoadingError(Error):
+    """An error happened loading an `extension
+    <https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki/wiki?p=LoadableExtensions>`_."""
+
+class ForkingViolationError(Error):
+    """See :meth:`apsw.fork_checker`."""
+
+class FormatError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_FORMAT*. (No longer used) `Auxiliary database <https://sqlite.org/lang_attach.html>`_ format error."""
+
+class FullError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_FULL*.  The disk appears to be full."""
+
+class IOError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_IOERR*.  Some kind of disk I/O error occurred.  The
+    :ref:`extended error code <exceptions>` will give more detail."""
+
+class IncompleteExecutionError(Error):
+    """You have tried to start a new SQL execute call before executing all
+    the previous ones. See the :ref:`execution model <executionmodel>`
+    for more details."""
+
+class InternalError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_INTERNAL*. (No longer used) Internal logic error in SQLite."""
+
+class InterruptError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_INTERRUPT*.  Operation terminated by
+    `sqlite3_interrupt <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/interrupt.html>`_ -
+    use :meth:`Connection.interrupt`."""
+
+class LockedError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_LOCKED*.  A table in the database is locked."""
+
+class MismatchError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_MISMATCH*. Data type mismatch.  For example a rowid
+    or integer primary key must be an integer."""
+
+class MisuseError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_MISUSE*.  SQLite library used incorrectly - typically similar to *ValueError* in Python.  Examples include not
+    having enough flags when opening a connection (eg not including a READ or WRITE flag), or out of spec such as registering
+    a function with more than 127 parameters."""
+
+class NoLFSError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_NOLFS*.  SQLite has attempted to use a feature not
+    supported by the operating system such as `large file support
+    <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_file_support>`_."""
+
+class NoMemError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_NOMEM*.  A memory allocation failed."""
+
+class NotADBError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_NOTADB*.  File opened that is not a database file.
+    SQLite has a header on database files to verify they are indeed
+    SQLite databases."""
+
+class NotFoundError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_NOTFOUND*. Returned when various internal items were
+    not found such as requests for non-existent system calls or file
+    controls."""
+
+class PermissionsError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_PERM*. Access permission denied by the operating system, or parts of the database are readonly such as a cursor."""
+
+class ProtocolError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_PROTOCOL*. (No longer used) Database lock protocol error."""
+
+class RangeError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_RANGE*.  (Cannot be generated using APSW).  2nd parameter to `sqlite3_bind <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`_ out of range"""
+
+class ReadOnlyError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_READONLY*. Attempt to write to a readonly database."""
+
+class SQLError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_ERROR*.  This error is documented as a bad SQL query
+    or missing database, but is also returned for a lot of other
+    situations.  It is the default error code unless there is a more
+    specific one."""
+
+class SchemaChangeError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_SCHEMA*.  The database schema changed.  A
+    :meth:`prepared statement <Cursor.execute>` becomes invalid
+    if the database schema was changed.  Behind the scenes SQLite
+    reprepares the statement.  Another or the same :class:`Connection`
+    may change the schema again before the statement runs.  SQLite will
+    attempt up to 5 times before giving up and returning this error."""
+
+class ThreadingViolationError(Error):
+    """You have used an object concurrently in two threads. For example you
+    may try to use the same cursor in two different threads at the same
+    time, or tried to close the same connection in two threads at the
+    same time.
+
+    You can also get this exception by using a cursor as an argument to
+    itself (eg as the input data for :meth:`Cursor.executemany`).
+    Cursors can only be used for one thing at a time."""
+
+class TooBigError(Error):
+    """*SQLITE_TOOBIG*.  String or BLOB exceeds size limit.  You can
+    change the limits using :meth:`Connection.limit`."""
+
+class VFSFileClosedError(Error):
+    """The VFS file is closed so the operation cannot be performed."""
 
+class VFSNotImplementedError(Error):
+    """A call cannot be made to an inherited :ref:`VFS` method as the VFS
+    does not implement the method."""
 
-class Error(Exception): ...
-class AbortError(Error): ...
-class AuthError(Error): ...
-class BindingsError(Error): ...
-class BusyError(Error): ...
-class CantOpenError(Error): ...
-class ConnectionClosedError(Error): ...
-class ConnectionNotClosedError(Error): ...
-class ConstraintError(Error): ...
-class CorruptError(Error): ...
-class CursorClosedError(Error): ...
-class EmptyError(Error): ...
-class ExecTraceAbort(Error): ...
-class ExecutionCompleteError(Error): ...
-class ExtensionLoadingError(Error): ...
-class ForkingViolationError(Error): ...
-class FormatError(Error): ...
-class FullError(Error): ...
-class IOError(Error): ...
-class IncompleteExecutionError(Error): ...
-class InternalError(Error): ...
-class InterruptError(Error): ...
-class LockedError(Error): ...
-class MismatchError(Error): ...
-class MisuseError(Error): ...
-class NoLFSError(Error): ...
-class NoMemError(Error): ...
-class NotADBError(Error): ...
-class NotFoundError(Error): ...
-class PermissionsError(Error): ...
-class ProtocolError(Error): ...
-class RangeError(Error): ...
-class ReadOnlyError(Error): ...
-class SQLError(Error): ...
-class SchemaChangeError(Error): ...
-class ThreadingViolationError(Error): ...
-class TooBigError(Error): ...
-class VFSFileClosedError(Error): ...
-class VFSNotImplementedError(Error): ...
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw/__main__.py python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw/__main__.py
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw/__main__.py	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw/__main__.py	2022-10-18 09:40:42.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import apsw.shell
+
+apsw.shell.main()
\ No newline at end of file
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw/shell.py python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw/shell.py
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw/shell.py	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw/shell.py	2022-11-24 09:18:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,3005 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import sys
+import apsw
+import shlex
+import os
+import csv
+import re
+import textwrap
+import time
+import codecs
+import base64
+
+from typing import TextIO
+
+class Shell:
+    """Implements a SQLite shell
+
+    :param stdin: Where to read input from (default sys.stdin)
+    :param stdout: Where to send output (default sys.stdout)
+    :param stderr: Where to send errors (default sys.stderr)
+    :param encoding: Default encoding for files opened/created by the
+      Shell.  If you want stdin/out/err to use a particular encoding
+      then you need to provide them `already configured <http://docs.python.org/library/codecs.html#codecs.open>`__ that way.
+    :param args: This should be program arguments only (ie if
+      passing in sys.argv do not include sys.argv[0] which is the
+      program name.  You can also pass in None and then call
+      :meth:`process_args` if you want to catch any errors
+      in handling the arguments yourself.
+    :param db: A existing :class:`~apsw.Connection` you wish to use
+
+    The commands and behaviour are modelled after the `interactive
+    shell <https://sqlite.org/sqlite.html>`__ that is part of
+    SQLite.
+
+    You can inherit from this class to embed in your own code and user
+    interface.  Internally everything is handled as unicode.
+    Conversions only happen at the point of input or output which you
+    can override in your own code.
+
+    Errors and diagnostics are only ever sent to error output
+    (self.stderr) and never to the regular output (self.stdout).  This
+    means using shell output is always easy and consistent.
+
+    Shell commands begin with a dot (eg .help).  They are implemented
+    as a method named after the command (eg command_help).  The method
+    is passed one parameter which is the list of arguments to the
+    command.
+
+    Output modes are implemented by functions named after the mode (eg
+    output_column).
+
+    When you request help the help information is automatically
+    generated from the docstrings for the command and output
+    functions.
+
+    You should not use a Shell object concurrently from multiple
+    threads.  It is one huge set of state information which would
+    become inconsistent if used simultaneously, and then give baffling
+    errors.  It is safe to call methods one at a time from different
+    threads.  ie it doesn't care what thread calls methods as long as
+    you don't call more than one concurrently.
+    """
+
+    class Error(Exception):
+        """Class raised on errors.  The expectation is that the error
+        will be displayed by the shell as text so there are no
+        specific subclasses as the distinctions between different
+        types of errors doesn't matter."""
+        pass
+
+    def __init__(self, stdin: TextIO = None, stdout=None, stderr=None, encoding: str = "utf8", args=None, db=None):
+        """Create instance, set defaults and do argument processing."""
+        # The parameter doc has to be in main class doc as sphinx
+        # ignores any described here
+        self.exceptions = False
+        self.history_file = "~/.sqlite_history"
+        self._db = None
+        self.dbfilename = None
+        if db:
+            self.db = db, db.filename
+        else:
+            self.db = None, None
+        self.prompt = "sqlite> "
+        self.moreprompt = "    ..> "
+        self.separator = "|"
+        self.bail = False
+        self.echo = False
+        self.timer = False
+        self.header = False
+        self.nullvalue = ""
+        self.output = self.output_list
+        self._output_table = self._fmt_sql_identifier("table")
+        self.widths = []
+        # do we truncate output in list mode?  (explain doesn't, regular does)
+        self.truncate = True
+        # a stack of previous outputs. turning on explain saves previous, off restores
+        self._output_stack = []
+
+        # other stuff
+        self.set_encoding(encoding)
+        if stdin is None: stdin = sys.stdin
+        if stdout is None: stdout = sys.stdout
+        if stderr is None: stderr = sys.stderr
+        self.stdin = stdin
+        self.stdout = stdout
+        self._original_stdout = stdout
+        self.stderr = stderr
+        # we don't become interactive until the command line args are
+        # successfully parsed and acted upon
+        self.interactive = None
+        # current colouring object
+        self.command_colour()  # set to default
+        self._using_readline = False
+        self._input_stack = []
+        self.input_line_number = 0
+        self.push_input()
+        self.push_output()
+        self._input_descriptions = []
+
+        if args:
+            try:
+                self.process_args(args)
+            except:
+                if len(self._input_descriptions):
+                    self._input_descriptions.append("Processing command line arguments")
+                self.handle_exception()
+                raise
+
+        if self.interactive is None:
+            self.interactive = getattr(self.stdin, "isatty", False) and self.stdin.isatty() and getattr(
+                self.stdout, "isatty", False) and self.stdout.isatty()
+
+    def _ensure_db(self):
+        "The database isn't opened until first use.  This function ensures it is now open."
+        if not self._db:
+            if not self.dbfilename:
+                self.dbfilename = ":memory:"
+            self._db = apsw.Connection(self.dbfilename,
+                                       flags=apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_URI | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE
+                                       | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE)
+        return self._db
+
+    def _set_db(self, newv):
+        "Sets the open database (or None) and filename"
+        (db, dbfilename) = newv
+        if self._db:
+            self._db.close(True)
+            self._db = None
+        self._db = db
+        self.dbfilename = dbfilename
+
+    db = property(_ensure_db, _set_db, None, "The current :class:`~apsw.Connection`")
+
+    def process_args(self, args):
+        """Process command line options specified in args.  It is safe to
+        call this multiple times.  We try to be compatible with SQLite shell
+        argument parsing.
+
+        :param args: A list of string options.  Do not include the
+           program as args[0]
+
+        :returns: A tuple of (databasefilename, initfiles,
+           sqlncommands).  This is provided for informational purposes
+           only - they have already been acted upon.  An example use
+           is that the SQLite shell does not enter the main interactive
+           loop if any sql/commands were provided.
+
+        The first non-option is the database file name.  Each
+        remaining non-option is treated as a complete input (ie it
+        isn't joined with others looking for a trailing semi-colon).
+
+        The SQLite shell uses single dash in front of options.  We
+        allow both single and double dashes.  When an unrecognized
+        argument is encountered then
+        :meth:`process_unknown_args` is called.
+        """
+        # we don't use optparse as we need to use single dashes for
+        # options - all hand parsed
+        if not args:
+            return None, [], []
+
+        # are options still valid?
+        options = True
+        # have we seen the database name?
+        havedbname = False
+        # List of init files to read
+        inits = []
+        # List of sql/dot commands
+        sqls = []
+
+        while args:
+            if not options or not args[0].startswith("-"):
+                options = False
+                if not havedbname:
+                    # grab new database
+                    self.db = None, args[0]
+                    havedbname = True
+                else:
+                    sqls.append(args[0])
+                args = args[1:]
+                continue
+
+            # remove initial single or double dash
+            args[0] = args[0][1:]
+            if args[0].startswith("-"):
+                args[0] = args[0][1:]
+
+            if args[0] == "init":
+                if len(args) < 2:
+                    raise self.Error("You need to specify a filename after -init")
+                inits.append(args[1])
+                args = args[2:]
+                continue
+
+            if args[0] == "header" or args[0] == "noheader":
+                self.header = args[0] == "header"
+                args = args[1:]
+                continue
+
+            if args[0] in ("echo", "bail", "interactive"):
+                setattr(self, args[0], True)
+                args = args[1:]
+                continue
+
+            if args[0] == "batch":
+                self.interactive = False
+                args = args[1:]
+                continue
+
+            if args[0] in ("separator", "nullvalue", "encoding"):
+                if len(args) < 2:
+                    raise self.Error("You need to specify a value after -" + args[0])
+                getattr(self, "command_" + args[0])([args[1]])
+                args = args[2:]
+                continue
+
+            if args[0] == "version":
+                self.write(self.stdout, apsw.sqlitelibversion() + "\n")
+                # A pretty gnarly thing to do
+                sys.exit(0)
+
+            if args[0] == "help":
+                self.write(self.stderr, self.usage())
+                sys.exit(0)
+
+            if args[0] in ("no-colour", "no-color", "nocolour", "nocolor"):
+                self.colour_scheme = "off"
+                self._out_colour()
+                args = args[1:]
+                continue
+
+            # only remaining known args are output modes
+            if getattr(self, "output_" + args[0], None):
+                self.command_mode(args[:1])
+                args = args[1:]
+                continue
+
+            newargs = self.process_unknown_args(args)
+            if newargs is None:
+                raise self.Error("Unrecognized argument '" + args[0] + "'")
+            args = newargs
+
+        for f in inits:
+            self.command_read([f])
+
+        for s in sqls:
+            self.process_complete_line(s)
+
+        return self.dbfilename, inits, sqls
+
+    def process_unknown_args(self, args):
+        """This is called when :meth:`process_args` encounters an
+        argument it doesn't understand.  Override this method if you
+        want to be able to understand additional command line arguments.
+
+        :param args: A list of the remaining arguments.  The initial one will
+           have had the leading dashes removed (eg if it was --foo on the command
+           line then args[0] will be "foo"
+        :returns: None if you don't recognize the argument either.  Otherwise
+           return the list of remaining arguments after you have processed
+           yours.
+        """
+        return None
+
+    def usage(self):
+        "Returns the usage message.  Make sure it is newline terminated"
+
+        msg = """
+Usage: program [OPTIONS] FILENAME [SQL|CMD] [SQL|CMD]...
+FILENAME is the name of a SQLite database. A new database is
+created if the file does not exist.
+OPTIONS include:
+   -init filename       read/process named file
+   -echo                print commands before execution
+   -[no]header          turn headers on or off
+   -bail                stop after hitting an error
+   -interactive         force interactive I/O
+   -batch               force batch I/O
+   -column              set output mode to 'column'
+   -csv                 set output mode to 'csv'
+   -html                set output mode to 'html'
+   -line                set output mode to 'line'
+   -list                set output mode to 'list'
+   -python              set output mode to 'python'
+   -separator 'x'       set output field separator (|)
+   -nullvalue 'text'    set text string for NULL values
+   -version             show SQLite version
+   -encoding 'name'     the encoding to use for files
+                        opened via .import, .read & .output
+   -nocolour            disables colour output to screen
+"""
+        return msg.lstrip()
+
+    ###
+    ### Value formatting routines.  They take a value and return a
+    ### text formatting of them.  Mostly used by the various output's
+    ### but also by random other pieces of code.
+    ###
+
+    _binary_type = bytes
+    _basestring = str
+
+    # bytes that are ok in C strings - no need for quoting
+    _printable = [
+        ord(x) for x in "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789~!@#$%^&*()`_-+={}[]:;,.<>/?|"
+    ]
+
+    def _fmt_c_string(self, v):
+        "Format as a C string including surrounding double quotes"
+        if isinstance(v, self._basestring):
+            op = ['"']
+            for c in v:
+                if c == "\\":
+                    op.append("\\\\")
+                elif c == "\r":
+                    op.append("\\r")
+                elif c == "\n":
+                    op.append("\\n")
+                elif c == "\t":
+                    op.append("\\t")
+                elif ord(c) not in self._printable:
+                    op.append("\\" + c)
+                else:
+                    op.append(c)
+            op.append('"')
+            return "".join(op)
+        elif v is None:
+            return '"' + self.nullvalue + '"'
+        elif isinstance(v, self._binary_type):
+            o = lambda x: x
+            fromc = chr
+            res = ['"']
+            for c in v:
+                if o(c) in self._printable:
+                    res.append(fromc(c))
+                else:
+                    res.append("\\x%02X" % (o(c), ))
+            res.append('"')
+            return "".join(res)
+        else:
+            # number of some kind
+            return '"%s"' % (v, )
+
+    def _fmt_html_col(self, v):
+        "Format as HTML (mainly escaping &/</>"
+        return self._fmt_text_col(v).\
+           replace("&", "&amp;"). \
+           replace(">", "&gt;"). \
+           replace("<", "&lt;"). \
+           replace("'", "&apos;"). \
+           replace('"', "&quot;")
+
+    def _fmt_json_value(self, v):
+        "Format a value."
+        if isinstance(v, self._basestring):
+            # we assume utf8 so only some characters need to be escaed
+            op = ['"']
+            for c in v:
+                if c == "\\":
+                    op.append("\\\\")
+                elif c == "\r":
+                    op.append("\\r")
+                elif c == "\n":
+                    op.append("\\n")
+                elif c == "\t":
+                    op.append("\\t")
+                elif c == "/":  # yes you have to escape forward slash for some reason
+                    op.append("\\/")
+                elif c == '"':
+                    op.append("\\" + c)
+                elif c == "\\b":
+                    op.append("\\b")
+                elif c == "\\f":
+                    op.append("\\f")
+                else:
+                    # It isn't clear when \u sequences *must* be used.
+                    # Assuming not needed due to utf8 output which
+                    # corresponds to what rfc4627 implies.
+                    op.append(c)
+            op.append('"')
+            return "".join(op)
+        elif v is None:
+            return 'null'
+        elif isinstance(v, self._binary_type):
+            o = base64.encodebytes(v).decode("ascii")
+            if o[-1] == "\n":
+                o = o[:-1]
+            return '"' + o + '"'
+        else:
+            # number of some kind
+            return '%s' % (v, )
+
+    def _fmt_python(self, v):
+        "Format as python literal"
+        if v is None:
+            return "None"
+        elif isinstance(v, self._basestring):
+            return repr(v)
+        elif isinstance(v, self._binary_type):
+            res = ['b"']
+            for i in v:
+                if i in self._printable:
+                    res.append(chr(i))
+                else:
+                    res.append("\\x%02X" % (i, ))
+            res.append('"')
+            return "".join(res)
+        else:
+            return "%s" % (v, )
+
+    def _fmt_sql_identifier(self, v):
+        "Return the identifier quoted in SQL syntax if needed (eg table and column names)"
+        if not len(v):  # yes sqlite does allow zero length identifiers
+            return '""'
+        nonalnum = re.sub("[A-Za-z_0-9]+", "", v)
+        if len(nonalnum) == 0:
+            if v.upper() not in self._sqlite_reserved:
+                # Ok providing it doesn't start with a digit
+                if v[0] not in "0123456789":
+                    return v
+        # double quote it unless there are any double quotes in it
+        if '"' in nonalnum:
+            return "[%s]" % (v, )
+        return '"%s"' % (v, )
+
+    def _fmt_text_col(self, v):
+        "Regular text formatting"
+        if v is None:
+            return self.nullvalue
+        elif isinstance(v, self._basestring):
+            return v
+        elif isinstance(v, self._binary_type):
+            # sqlite gives back raw bytes!
+            return "<Binary data>"
+        else:
+            return "%s" % (v, )
+
+    ###
+    ### The various output routines.  They are always called with the
+    ### header irrespective of the setting allowing for some per query
+    ### setup. (see output_column for example).  The doc strings are
+    ### used to generate help.
+    ###
+
+    def output_column(self, header, line):
+        """
+        Items left aligned in space padded columns.  They are
+        truncated if they do not fit. If the width hasn't been
+        specified for a column then 10 is used unless the column name
+        (header) is longer in which case that width is used.  Use the
+        .width command to change column sizes.
+        """
+        # as an optimization we calculate self._actualwidths which is
+        # reset for each query
+        if header:
+
+            def gw(n):
+                if n < len(self.widths) and self.widths[n] != 0:
+                    return self.widths[n]
+                # if width is not present or 0 then autosize
+                text = self._fmt_text_col(line[n])
+                return max(len(text), 10)
+
+            widths = [gw(i) for i in range(len(line))]
+
+            if self.truncate:
+                self._actualwidths = ["%" + ("-%d.%ds", "%d.%ds")[w < 0] % (abs(w), abs(w)) for w in widths]
+            else:
+                self._actualwidths = ["%" + ("-%ds", "%ds")[w < 0] % (abs(w), ) for w in widths]
+
+            if self.header:
+                # output the headers
+                c = self.colour
+                cols = [
+                    c.header + (self._actualwidths[i] % (self._fmt_text_col(line[i]), )) + c.header_
+                    for i in range(len(line))
+                ]
+                # sqlite shell uses two spaces between columns
+                self.write(self.stdout, "  ".join(cols) + "\n")
+                if c is self._colours["off"]:
+                    self.output_column(False, ["-" * abs(widths[i]) for i in range(len(widths))])
+            return
+        cols = [
+            self.colour.colour_value(line[i], self._actualwidths[i] % (self._fmt_text_col(line[i]), ))
+            for i in range(len(line))
+        ]
+        # sqlite shell uses two spaces between columns
+        self.write(self.stdout, "  ".join(cols) + "\n")
+
+    output_columns = output_column
+
+    def output_csv(self, header, line):
+        """
+        Items in csv format (comma separated).  Use tabs mode for tab
+        separated.  You can use the .separator command to use a
+        different one after switching mode.  A separator of comma uses
+        double quotes for quoting while other separators do not do any
+        quoting.  The Python csv library used for this only supports
+        single character separators.
+        """
+
+        # we use self._csv for the work, setup when header is
+        # supplied. _csv is a tuple of a StringIO and the csv.writer
+        # instance.
+
+        fixdata = lambda x: x
+
+        if header:
+            import io
+            s = io.StringIO()
+            kwargs = {}
+            if self.separator == ",":
+                kwargs["dialect"] = "excel"
+            elif self.separator == "\t":
+                kwargs["dialect"] = "excel-tab"
+            else:
+                kwargs["quoting"] = csv.QUOTE_NONE
+                kwargs["delimiter"] = fixdata(self.separator)
+                kwargs["doublequote"] = False
+                # csv module is bug ridden junk - I already say no
+                # quoting so it still looks for the quotechar and then
+                # gets upset that it can't be quoted.  Which bit of no
+                # quoting was ambiguous?
+                kwargs["quotechar"] = "\x00"
+
+            writer = csv.writer(s, **kwargs)
+            self._csv = (s, writer)
+            if self.header:
+                self.output_csv(None, line)
+            return
+
+        if header is None:
+            c = self.colour
+            line = [c.header + fixdata(self._fmt_text_col(l)) + c.header_ for l in line]
+        else:
+            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, fixdata(self._fmt_text_col(x)))
+            line = [fmt(l) for l in line]
+        self._csv[1].writerow(line)
+        t = self._csv[0].getvalue()
+        # csv lib always does DOS eol
+        assert (t.endswith("\r\n"))
+        t = t[:-2]
+        # should not be other eol irregularities
+        assert (not t.endswith("\r") and not t.endswith("\n"))
+        self.write(self.stdout, t + "\n")
+        self._csv[0].truncate(0)
+        self._csv[0].seek(0)
+
+    def output_html(self, header, line):
+        "HTML table style"
+        if header:
+            if not self.header:
+                return
+            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.header + self._fmt_html_col(x) + self.colour.header_
+        else:
+            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_html_col(x))
+        line = [fmt(l) for l in line]
+        out = ["<TR>"]
+        for l in line:
+            out.append(("<TD>", "<TH>")[header])
+            out.append(l)
+            out.append(("</TD>\n", "</TH>\n")[header])
+        out.append("</TR>\n")
+        self.write(self.stdout, "".join(out))
+
+    def output_insert(self, header, line):
+        """
+        Lines as SQL insert statements.  The table name is "table"
+        unless you specified a different one as the second parameter
+        to the .mode command.
+        """
+        if header:
+            return
+        fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, apsw.format_sql_value(x))
+        out = "INSERT INTO " + self._output_table + " VALUES(" + ",".join([fmt(l) for l in line]) + ");\n"
+        self.write(self.stdout, out)
+
+    def output_json(self, header, line):
+        """
+        Each line as a JSON object with a trailing comma.  Blobs are
+        output as base64 encoded strings.  You should be using UTF8
+        output encoding.
+        """
+        if header:
+            self._output_json_cols = line
+            return
+        fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_json_value(x))
+        out = ["%s: %s" % (self._fmt_json_value(k), fmt(line[i])) for i, k in enumerate(self._output_json_cols)]
+        self.write(self.stdout, "{ " + ", ".join(out) + "},\n")
+
+    def output_line(self, header, line):
+        """
+        One value per line in the form 'column = value' with a blank
+        line between rows.
+        """
+        if header:
+            w = 5
+            for l in line:
+                if len(l) > w:
+                    w = len(l)
+            self._line_info = (w, line)
+            return
+        fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_text_col(x))
+        w = self._line_info[0]
+        for i in range(len(line)):
+            self.write(self.stdout, "%*s = %s\n" % (w, self._line_info[1][i], fmt(line[i])))
+        self.write(self.stdout, "\n")
+
+    output_lines = output_line
+
+    def output_list(self, header, line):
+        "All items on one line with separator"
+        if header:
+            if not self.header:
+                return
+            c = self.colour
+            fmt = lambda x: c.header + x + c.header_
+        else:
+            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_text_col(x))
+        self.write(self.stdout, self.separator.join([fmt(x) for x in line]) + "\n")
+
+    def output_python(self, header, line):
+        "Tuples in Python source form for each row"
+        if header:
+            if not self.header:
+                return
+            c = self.colour
+            fmt = lambda x: c.header + self._fmt_python(x) + c.header_
+        else:
+            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_python(x))
+        self.write(self.stdout, '(' + ", ".join([fmt(l) for l in line]) + "),\n")
+
+    def output_tcl(self, header, line):
+        "Outputs TCL/C style strings using current separator"
+        # In theory you could paste the output into your source ...
+        if header:
+            if not self.header:
+                return
+            c = self.colour
+            fmt = lambda x: c.header + self._fmt_c_string(x) + c.header_
+        else:
+            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_c_string(x))
+        self.write(self.stdout, self.separator.join([fmt(l) for l in line]) + "\n")
+
+    def _output_summary(self, summary):
+        # internal routine to output a summary line or two
+        self.write(self.stdout, self.colour.summary + summary + self.colour.summary_)
+
+    ###
+    ### Various routines
+    ###
+
+    def cmdloop(self, intro=None):
+        """Runs the main interactive command loop.
+
+        :param intro: Initial text banner to display instead of the
+           default.  Make sure you newline terminate it.
+        """
+        if intro is None:
+            intro = """
+SQLite version %s (APSW %s)
+Enter ".help" for instructions
+Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";"
+""" % (apsw.sqlitelibversion(), apsw.apswversion())
+            intro = intro.lstrip()
+        if self.interactive and intro:
+            c = self.colour
+            self.write(self.stdout, c.intro + intro + c.intro_)
+
+        using_readline = False
+        try:
+            if self.interactive and self.stdin is sys.stdin:
+                import readline
+                old_completer = readline.get_completer()
+                readline.set_completer(self.complete)
+                readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
+                using_readline = True
+                try:
+                    readline.read_history_file(os.path.expanduser(self.history_file))
+                except:
+                    # We only expect IOError here but if the history
+                    # file does not exist and this code has been
+                    # compiled into the module it is possible to get
+                    # an IOError that doesn't match the IOError from
+                    # Python parse time resulting in an IOError
+                    # exception being raised.  Consequently we just
+                    # catch all exceptions.
+                    pass
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            while True:
+                self._input_descriptions = []
+                if using_readline:
+                    # we drop completion cache because it contains
+                    # table and column names which could have changed
+                    # with last executed SQL
+                    self._completion_cache = None
+                    self._using_readline = True
+                try:
+                    command = self.getcompleteline()
+                    if command is None:  # EOF
+                        return
+                    self.process_complete_line(command)
+                except:
+                    self._append_input_description()
+                    try:
+                        self.handle_exception()
+                    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                        self.handle_exception()
+        finally:
+            if using_readline:
+                readline.set_completer(old_completer)
+                readline.set_history_length(256)
+                readline.write_history_file(os.path.expanduser(self.history_file))
+
+    def handle_exception(self):
+        """Handles the current exception, printing a message to stderr as appropriate.
+        It will reraise the exception if necessary (eg if bail is true)"""
+        eclass, eval, etb = sys.exc_info()  # py2&3 compatible way of doing this
+        if isinstance(eval, SystemExit):
+            eval._handle_exception_saw_this = True
+            raise
+
+        self._out_colour()
+        self.write(self.stderr, self.colour.error)
+
+        if isinstance(eval, KeyboardInterrupt):
+            self.handle_interrupt()
+            text = "Interrupted"
+        else:
+            text = str(eval)
+
+        if not text.endswith("\n"):
+            text = text + "\n"
+
+        if len(self._input_descriptions):
+            for i in range(len(self._input_descriptions)):
+                if i == 0:
+                    pref = "At "
+                else:
+                    pref = " " * i + "From "
+                self.write(self.stderr, pref + self._input_descriptions[i] + "\n")
+
+        self.write(self.stderr, text)
+        if self.exceptions:
+            stack = []
+            while etb:
+                stack.append(etb.tb_frame)
+                etb = etb.tb_next
+
+            for frame in stack:
+                self.write(
+                    self.stderr,
+                    "\nFrame %s in %s at line %d\n" % (frame.f_code.co_name, frame.f_code.co_filename, frame.f_lineno))
+                vars = list(frame.f_locals.items())
+                vars.sort()
+                for k, v in vars:
+                    try:
+                        v = repr(v)[:80]
+                    except:
+                        v = "<Unable to convert to string>"
+                    self.write(self.stderr, "%10s = %s\n" % (k, v))
+            self.write(self.stderr, "\n%s: %s\n" % (eclass, repr(eval)))
+
+        self.write(self.stderr, self.colour.error_)
+
+        eval._handle_exception_saw_this = True
+        if self.bail:
+            raise
+
+    def process_sql(self, sql, bindings=None, internal=False, summary=None):
+        """Processes SQL text consisting of one or more statements
+
+        :param sql: SQL to execute
+
+        :param bindings: bindings for the *sql*
+
+        :param internal: If True then this is an internal execution
+          (eg the .tables or .database command).  When executing
+          internal sql timings are not shown nor is the SQL echoed.
+
+        :param summary: If not None then should be a tuple of two
+          items.  If the ``sql`` returns any data then the first item
+          is printed before the first row, and the second item is
+          printed after the last row.  An example usage is the .find
+          command which shows table names.
+        """
+        cur = self.db.cursor()
+        # we need to know when each new statement is executed
+        state = {'newsql': True, 'timing': None}
+
+        def et(cur, sql, bindings):
+            state['newsql'] = True
+            # if time reporting, do so now
+            if not internal and self.timer:
+                if state['timing']:
+                    self.display_timing(state['timing'], self.get_resource_usage())
+            # print statement if echo is on
+            if not internal and self.echo:
+                # ? should we strip leading and trailing whitespace? backslash quote stuff?
+                if bindings:
+                    self.write(self.stderr, "%s [%s]\n" % (sql, bindings))
+                else:
+                    self.write(self.stderr, sql + "\n")
+            # save resource from beginning of command (ie don't include echo time above)
+            if not internal and self.timer:
+                state['timing'] = self.get_resource_usage()
+            return True
+
+        cur.exectrace = et
+        # processing loop
+        try:
+            for row in cur.execute(sql, bindings):
+                if state['newsql']:
+                    # summary line?
+                    if summary:
+                        self._output_summary(summary[0])
+                    # output a header always
+                    cols = [h for h, d in cur.getdescription()]
+                    self.output(True, cols)
+                    state['newsql'] = False
+                self.output(False, row)
+            if not state['newsql'] and summary:
+                self._output_summary(summary[1])
+        except:
+            # If echo is on and the sql to execute is a syntax error
+            # then the exec tracer won't have seen it so it won't be
+            # printed and the user will be wondering exactly what sql
+            # had the error.  We look in the traceback and deduce if
+            # the error was happening in a prepare or not.
+            if not internal and self.echo:
+                tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
+                last = None
+                while tb:
+                    last = tb.tb_frame
+                    tb = tb.tb_next
+            raise
+
+        if not internal and self.timer:
+            self.display_timing(state['timing'], self.get_resource_usage())
+
+    def process_command(self, cmd):
+        """Processes a dot command.  It is split into parts using the
+        `shlex.split
+        <http://docs.python.org/library/shlex.html#shlex.split>`__
+        function which is roughly the same method used by Unix/POSIX
+        shells.
+        """
+        if self.echo:
+            self.write(self.stderr, cmd + "\n")
+        cmd = shlex.split(cmd)
+        assert cmd[0][0] == "."
+        cmd[0] = cmd[0][1:]
+        fn = getattr(self, "command_" + cmd[0], None)
+        if not fn:
+            raise self.Error("Unknown command \"%s\".  Enter \".help\" for help" % (cmd[0], ))
+        res = fn(cmd[1:])
+
+    ###
+    ### Commands start here
+    ###
+
+    def _boolean_command(self, name, cmd):
+        "Parse and verify boolean parameter"
+        if len(cmd) != 1 or cmd[0].lower() not in ("on", "off"):
+            raise self.Error(name + " expected ON or OFF")
+        return cmd[0].lower() == "on"
+
+    # Note that doc text is used for generating help output.
+
+    def command_backup(self, cmd):
+        """backup ?DB? FILE: Backup DB (default "main") to FILE
+
+        Copies the contents of the current database to FILE
+        overwriting whatever was in FILE.  If you have attached databases
+        then you can specify their name instead of the default of "main".
+
+        The backup is done at the page level - SQLite copies the pages
+        as is.  There is no round trip through SQL code.
+        """
+        dbname = "main"
+        if len(cmd) == 1:
+            fname = cmd[0]
+        elif len(cmd) == 2:
+            dbname = cmd[0]
+            fname = cmd[1]
+        else:
+            raise self.Error("Backup takes one or two parameters")
+        out = apsw.Connection(fname)
+        b = out.backup("main", self.db, dbname)
+        try:
+            while not b.done:
+                b.step()
+        finally:
+            b.finish()
+            out.close()
+
+    def command_bail(self, cmd):
+        """bail ON|OFF: Stop after hitting an error (default OFF)
+
+        If an error is encountered while processing commands or SQL
+        then exit.  (Note this is different than SQLite shell which
+        only exits for errors in SQL.)
+        """
+        self.bail = self._boolean_command("bail", cmd)
+
+    def command_colour(self, cmd=[]):
+        """colour SCHEME: Selects a colour scheme
+
+        Residents of both countries that have not adopted the metric
+        system may also spell this command without a 'u'.  If using a
+        colour terminal in interactive mode then output is
+        automatically coloured to make it more readable.  Use 'off' to
+        turn off colour, and no name or 'default' for the default.
+        """
+        if len(cmd) > 1:
+            raise self.Error("Too many colour schemes")
+        c = cmd and cmd[0] or "default"
+        if c not in self._colours:
+            raise self.Error("No such colour scheme: " + c)
+        self.colour_scheme = c
+        self._out_colour()
+
+    command_color = command_colour
+
+    def command_databases(self, cmd):
+        """databases: Lists names and files of attached databases
+
+        """
+        if len(cmd):
+            raise self.Error("databases command doesn't take any parameters")
+        self.push_output()
+        self.header = True
+        self.output = self.output_column
+        self.truncate = False
+        self.widths = [3, 15, 58]
+        try:
+            self.process_sql("pragma database_list", internal=True)
+        finally:
+            self.pop_output()
+
+    def command_dump(self, cmd):
+        """dump ?TABLE? [TABLE...]: Dumps all or specified tables in SQL text format
+
+        The table name is treated as like pattern so you can use % as
+        a wildcard.  You can use dump to make a text based backup of
+        the database.  It is also useful for comparing differences or
+        making the data available to other databases.  Indices and
+        triggers for the table(s) are also dumped.  Finally views
+        matching the table pattern name are dumped (it isn't possible
+        to work out which views access which table and views can
+        access multiple tables anyway).
+
+        Note that if you are dumping virtual tables such as used by
+        the FTS3 module then they may use other tables to store
+        information.  For example if you create a FTS3 table named
+        *recipes* then it also creates *recipes_content*,
+        *recipes_segdir* etc.  Consequently to dump this example
+        correctly use::
+
+           .dump recipes recipes_%
+
+        If the database is empty or no tables/views match then there
+        is no output.
+        """
+        # Simple tables are easy to dump.  More complicated is dealing
+        # with virtual tables, foreign keys etc.
+
+        # Lock the database while doing the dump so nothing changes
+        # under our feet
+        self.process_sql("BEGIN IMMEDIATE", internal=True)
+
+        # Used in comment() - see issue 142
+        outputstrtype = str
+
+        # Python 2.3 can end up with nonsense like "en_us" so we fall
+        # back to ascii in that case
+        outputstrencoding = getattr(self.stdout, "encoding", "ascii")
+        try:
+            codecs.lookup(outputstrencoding)
+        except:
+            outputstrencoding = "ascii"
+
+        def unicodify(s):
+            if not isinstance(s, outputstrtype):
+                # See issue 142 - it may not be in an expected encoding
+                return s.decode(outputstrencoding, "replace")
+            return s
+
+        try:
+            # first pass -see if virtual tables or foreign keys are in
+            # use.  If they are we emit pragmas to deal with them, but
+            # prefer not to emit them
+            v = {"virtuals": False, "foreigns": False}
+
+            def check(name, sql):
+                if name.lower().startswith("sqlite_"):
+                    return False
+                sql = sql.lower()
+                if re.match(r"^\s*create\s+virtual\s+.*", sql):
+                    v["virtuals"] = True
+                # pragma table_info doesn't tell us if foreign keys
+                # are involved so we guess if any the various strings are
+                # in the sql somewhere
+                if re.match(r".*\b(foreign\s*key|references)\b.*", sql):
+                    v["foreigns"] = True
+                return True
+
+            if len(cmd) == 0:
+                cmd = ["%"]
+
+            tables = []
+            for pattern in cmd:
+                for name, sql in self.db.execute(
+                        "SELECT name,sql FROM sqlite_master "
+                        "WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type IN ('table','view') "
+                        "AND tbl_name LIKE ?1", (pattern, )):
+                    if check(name, sql) and name not in tables:
+                        tables.append(name)
+
+            if not tables:
+                return
+
+            # will we need to analyze anything later?
+            analyze_needed = []
+            for stat in self.db.execute(
+                    "select name from sqlite_master where sql not null and type='table' and tbl_name like 'sqlite_stat%'"
+            ):
+                for name in tables:
+                    if len(self.db.execute(
+                            "select * from " + self._fmt_sql_identifier(stat[0]) + " WHERE tbl=?",
+                        (name, )).fetchall()):
+                        if name not in analyze_needed:
+                            analyze_needed.append(name)
+            analyze_needed.sort()
+
+            def blank():
+                self.write(self.stdout, "\n")
+
+            def comment(s):
+                s = unicodify(s)
+                self.write(self.stdout, textwrap.fill(s, 78, initial_indent="-- ", subsequent_indent="-- ") + "\n")
+
+            pats = ", ".join([(x, "(All)")[x == "%"] for x in cmd])
+            comment("SQLite dump (by APSW %s)" % (apsw.apswversion(), ))
+            comment("SQLite version " + apsw.sqlitelibversion())
+            comment("Date: " + unicodify(time.strftime("%c")))
+            comment("Tables like: " + pats)
+            comment("Database: " + self.db.filename)
+            try:
+                import getpass
+                import socket
+                comment("User: %s @ %s" % (unicodify(getpass.getuser()), unicodify(socket.gethostname())))
+            except ImportError:
+                pass
+            blank()
+
+            comment("The values of various per-database settings")
+            self.write(self.stdout,
+                       "PRAGMA page_size=" + str(self.db.execute("pragma page_size").fetchall()[0][0]) + ";\n")
+            comment("PRAGMA encoding='" + self.db.execute("pragma encoding").fetchall()[0][0] + "';\n")
+            vac = {0: "NONE", 1: "FULL", 2: "INCREMENTAL"}
+            vacvalue = self.db.execute("pragma auto_vacuum").fetchall()[0][0]
+            comment("PRAGMA auto_vacuum=" + vac.get(vacvalue, str(vacvalue)) + ";\n")
+            comment("PRAGMA max_page_count=" + str(self.db.execute("pragma max_page_count").fetchall()[0][0]) +
+                    ";\n")
+            blank()
+
+            # different python versions have different requirements
+            # about specifying cmp to sort routine so we use this
+            # portable workaround with a decorated list instead
+            dectables = [(x.lower(), x) for x in tables]
+            dectables.sort()
+            tables = [y for x, y in dectables]
+
+            virtuals = v["virtuals"]
+            foreigns = v["foreigns"]
+
+            if virtuals:
+                comment("This pragma is needed to restore virtual tables")
+                self.write(self.stdout, "PRAGMA writable_schema=ON;\n")
+            if foreigns:
+                comment("This pragma turns off checking of foreign keys "
+                        "as tables would be inconsistent while restoring.  It was introduced "
+                        "in SQLite 3.6.19.")
+                self.write(self.stdout, "PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;\n")
+
+            if virtuals or foreigns:
+                blank()
+
+            self.write(self.stdout, "BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n")
+            blank()
+
+            def sqldef(s):
+                # return formatted sql watching out for embedded
+                # comments at the end forcing trailing ; onto next
+                # line https://sqlite.org/src/info/c04a8b8a4f
+                if "--" in s.split("\n")[-1]:
+                    nl = "\n"
+                else:
+                    nl = ""
+                return s + nl + ";\n"
+
+            # do the table dumping loops
+            oldtable = self._output_table
+            try:
+                self.push_output()
+                self.output = self.output_insert
+                # Dump the table
+                for table in tables:
+                    for sql in self.db.execute("SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE name=?1 AND type='table'",
+                                                        (table, )):
+                        comment("Table  " + table)
+                        # Special treatment for virtual tables - they
+                        # get called back on drops and creates and
+                        # could thwart us so we have to manipulate
+                        # sqlite_master directly
+                        if sql[0].lower().split()[:3] == ["create", "virtual", "table"]:
+                            self.write(
+                                self.stdout, "DELETE FROM sqlite_master WHERE name=" + apsw.format_sql_value(table) +
+                                " AND type='table';\n")
+                            self.write(
+                                self.stdout,
+                                "INSERT INTO sqlite_master(type,name,tbl_name,rootpage,sql) VALUES('table',%s,%s,0,%s);\n"
+                                % (apsw.format_sql_value(table), apsw.format_sql_value(table),
+                                   apsw.format_sql_value(sql[0])))
+                        else:
+                            self.write(self.stdout, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + self._fmt_sql_identifier(table) + ";\n")
+                            self.write(self.stdout, sqldef(sql[0]))
+                            self._output_table = self._fmt_sql_identifier(table)
+                            self.process_sql("select * from " + self._fmt_sql_identifier(table), internal=True)
+                        # Now any indices or triggers
+                        first = True
+                        for name, sql in self.db.execute(
+                                "SELECT name,sql FROM sqlite_master "
+                                "WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type IN ('index', 'trigger') "
+                                "AND tbl_name=?1 AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' "
+                                "ORDER BY lower(name)", (table, )):
+                            if first:
+                                comment("Triggers and indices on  " + table)
+                                first = False
+                            self.write(self.stdout, sqldef(sql))
+                        blank()
+                # Views done last.  They have to be done in the same order as they are in sqlite_master
+                # as they could refer to each other
+                first = True
+                for name, sql in self.db.execute("SELECT name,sql FROM sqlite_master "
+                                                          "WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type='view' "
+                                                          "AND name IN ( " +
+                                                          ",".join([apsw.format_sql_value(i)
+                                                                    for i in tables]) + ") ORDER BY _ROWID_"):
+                    if first:
+                        comment("Views")
+                        first = False
+                    self.write(self.stdout, "DROP VIEW IF EXISTS %s;\n" % (self._fmt_sql_identifier(name), ))
+                    self.write(self.stdout, sqldef(sql))
+                if not first:
+                    blank()
+
+                # sqlite sequence
+                # does it exist
+                if len(self.db.execute("select * from sqlite_master where name='sqlite_sequence'").fetchall()):
+                    first = True
+                    for t in tables:
+                        v = self.db.execute("select seq from main.sqlite_sequence where name=?1",
+                                                     (t, )).fetchall()
+                        if len(v):
+                            assert len(v) == 1
+                            if first:
+                                comment("For primary key autoincrements the next id "
+                                        "to use is stored in sqlite_sequence")
+                                first = False
+                            self.write(
+                                self.stdout,
+                                'DELETE FROM main.sqlite_sequence WHERE name=%s;\n' % (apsw.format_sql_value(t), ))
+                            self.write(
+                                self.stdout, 'INSERT INTO main.sqlite_sequence VALUES (%s, %s);\n' %
+                                (apsw.format_sql_value(t), v[0][0]))
+                    if not first:
+                        blank()
+            finally:
+                self.pop_output()
+                self._output_table = oldtable
+
+            # analyze
+            if analyze_needed:
+                comment("You had used the analyze command on these tables before.  Rerun for this new data.")
+                for n in analyze_needed:
+                    self.write(self.stdout, "ANALYZE " + self._fmt_sql_identifier(n) + ";\n")
+                blank()
+
+            # user version pragma
+            uv = self.db.execute("pragma user_version").fetchall()[0][0]
+            if uv:
+                comment(
+                    "Your database may need this.  It is sometimes used to keep track of the schema version (eg Firefox does this)."
+                )
+                self.write(self.stdout, "pragma user_version=%d;" % (uv, ))
+                blank()
+
+            # Save it all
+            self.write(self.stdout, "COMMIT TRANSACTION;\n")
+
+            # cleanup pragmas
+            if foreigns:
+                blank()
+                comment("Restoring foreign key checking back on.  Note that SQLite 3.6.19 is off by default")
+                self.write(self.stdout, "PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;\n")
+            if virtuals:
+                blank()
+                comment("Restoring writable schema back to default")
+                self.write(self.stdout, "PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF;\n")
+                # schema reread
+                blank()
+                comment("We need to force SQLite to reread the schema because otherwise it doesn't know that "
+                        "the virtual tables we inserted directly into sqlite_master exist.  See "
+                        "last comments of https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3425")
+                self.write(self.stdout, "BEGIN;\nCREATE TABLE no_such_table(x,y,z);\nROLLBACK;\n")
+
+        finally:
+            self.process_sql("END", internal=True)
+
+    def command_echo(self, cmd):
+        """echo ON|OFF: If ON then each SQL statement or command is printed before execution (default OFF)
+
+        The SQL statement or command is sent to error output so that
+        it is not intermingled with regular output.
+        """
+        self.echo = self._boolean_command("echo", cmd)
+
+    def set_encoding(self, enc):
+        """Saves *enc* as the default encoding, after verifying that
+        it is valid.  You can also include :error to specify error
+        handling - eg 'cp437:replace'
+
+        Raises an exception on invalid encoding or error
+        """
+        enc = enc.split(":", 1)
+        if len(enc) > 1:
+            enc, errors = enc
+        else:
+            enc = enc[0]
+            errors = None
+        try:
+            codecs.lookup(enc)
+        except LookupError:
+            raise self.Error("No known encoding '%s'" % (enc, ))
+        try:
+            if errors is not None:
+                codecs.lookup_error(errors)
+        except LookupError:
+            raise self.Error("No known codec error handler '%s'" % (errors, ))
+        self.encoding = enc, errors
+
+    def command_encoding(self, cmd):
+        """encoding ENCODING: Set the encoding used for new files opened via .output and imports
+
+        SQLite and APSW work internally using Unicode and characters.
+        Files however are a sequence of bytes.  An encoding describes
+        how to convert between bytes and characters.  The default
+        encoding is utf8 and that is generally the best value to use
+        when other programs give you a choice.
+
+        You can also specify an error handler.  For example
+        'cp437:replace' will use code page 437 and any Unicode
+        codepoints not present in cp437 will be replaced (typically
+        with something like a question mark).  Other error handlers
+        include 'ignore', 'strict' (default) and 'xmlcharrefreplace'.
+
+        For the default input/output/error streams on startup the
+        shell defers to Python's detection of encoding.  For example
+        on Windows it asks what code page is in use and on Unix it
+        looks at the LC_CTYPE environment variable.  You can set the
+        PYTHONIOENCODING environment variable to override this
+        detection.
+
+        This command affects files opened after setting the encoding
+        as well as imports.
+
+        See the online APSW documentation for more details.
+        """
+        if len(cmd) != 1:
+            raise self.Error("Encoding takes one argument")
+        self.set_encoding(cmd[0])
+
+    def command_exceptions(self, cmd):
+        """exceptions ON|OFF: If ON then detailed tracebacks are shown on exceptions (default OFF)
+
+        Normally when an exception occurs the error string only is
+        displayed.  However it is sometimes useful to get a full
+        traceback.  An example would be when you are developing
+        virtual tables and using the shell to exercise them.  In
+        addition to displaying each stack frame, the local variables
+        within each frame are also displayed.
+        """
+        self.exceptions = self._boolean_command("exceptions", cmd)
+
+    def command_exit(self, cmd):
+        """exit:Exit this program"""
+        if len(cmd):
+            raise self.Error("Exit doesn't take any parameters")
+        sys.exit(0)
+
+    def command_quit(self, cmd):
+        """quit:Exit this program"""
+        if len(cmd):
+            raise self.Error("Quit doesn't take any parameters")
+        sys.exit(0)
+
+    def command_explain(self, cmd):
+        """explain ON|OFF: Set output mode suitable for explain (default OFF)
+
+        Explain shows the underlying SQLite virtual machine code for a
+        statement.  You need to prefix the SQL with explain.  For example:
+
+           explain select * from table;
+
+        This output mode formats the explain output nicely.  If you do
+        '.explain OFF' then the output mode and settings in place when
+        you did '.explain ON' are restored.
+        """
+        if len(cmd) == 0 or self._boolean_command("explain", cmd):
+            self.push_output()
+            self.header = True
+            self.widths = [4, 13, 4, 4, 4, 13, 2, 13]
+            self.truncate = False
+            self.output = self.output_column
+        else:
+            self.pop_output()
+
+    def command_find(self, cmd):
+        """find what ?TABLE?: Searches all columns of all tables for a value
+
+        The find command helps you locate data across your database
+        for example to find a string or any references to an id.
+
+        You can specify a like pattern to limit the search to a subset
+        of tables (eg specifying 'CUSTOMER%' for all tables beginning
+        with CUSTOMER).
+
+        The what value will be treated as a string and/or integer if
+        possible.  If what contains % or _ then it is also treated as
+        a like pattern.
+
+        This command will take a long time to execute needing to read
+        all of the relevant tables.
+        """
+        if len(cmd) < 1 or len(cmd) > 2:
+            raise self.Error("At least one argument required and at most two accepted")
+        tablefilter = "%"
+        if len(cmd) == 2:
+            tablefilter = cmd[1]
+        querytemplate = []
+        queryparams = []
+
+        def qp():  # binding for current queryparams
+            return "?" + str(len(queryparams))
+
+        s = cmd[0]
+        if '%' in s or '_' in s:
+            queryparams.append(s)
+            querytemplate.append("%s LIKE " + qp())
+        queryparams.append(s)
+        querytemplate.append("%s = " + qp())
+        try:
+            i = int(s)
+            queryparams.append(i)
+            querytemplate.append("%s = " + qp())
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        querytemplate = " OR ".join(querytemplate)
+        for (table, ) in self.db.execute("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name LIKE ?1",
+                                                  (tablefilter, )):
+            t = self._fmt_sql_identifier(table)
+            query = "SELECT * from %s WHERE " % (t, )
+            colq = []
+            for _, column, _, _, _, _ in self.db.execute("pragma table_info(%s)" % (t, )):
+                colq.append(querytemplate % ((self._fmt_sql_identifier(column), ) * len(queryparams)))
+            query = query + " OR ".join(colq)
+            self.process_sql(query, queryparams, internal=True, summary=("Table " + table + "\n", "\n"))
+
+    def command_header(self, cmd):
+        """header(s) ON|OFF: Display the column names in output (default OFF)
+
+        """
+        self.header = self._boolean_command("header", cmd)
+
+    command_headers = command_header
+
+    _help_info = None
+
+    def command_help(self, cmd):
+        """help ?COMMAND?: Shows list of commands and their usage.  If COMMAND is specified then shows detail about that COMMAND.  ('.help all' will show detailed help about all commands.)
+        """
+        if not self._help_info:
+            # buildup help database
+            self._help_info = {}
+            for c in dir(self):
+                if not c.startswith("command_"):
+                    continue
+                # help is 3 parts
+                # - the syntax string (eg backup ?dbname? filename)
+                # - the one liner description (eg saves database to filename)
+                # - the multi-liner detailed description
+                # We grab this from the doc string for the function in the form
+                #   syntax: one liner\nmulti\nliner
+                d = getattr(self, c).__doc__
+                assert d, c + " command must have documentation"
+                c = c[len("command_"):]
+                if c in ("headers", "color"): continue
+                while d[0] == "\n":
+                    d = d[1:]
+                parts = d.split("\n", 1)
+                firstline = parts[0].strip().split(":", 1)
+                assert len(firstline) == 2, c + " command must have usage: description doc"
+                if len(parts) == 1 or len(parts[1].strip()) == 0:  # work around textwrap bug
+                    multi = ""
+                else:
+                    multi = textwrap.dedent(parts[1])
+                if c == "mode":
+                    if not self._output_modes:
+                        self._cache_output_modes()
+                    firstline[1] = firstline[1] + " " + " ".join(self._output_modes)
+                    multi = multi + "\n\n" + "\n\n".join(self._output_modes_detail)
+                if c == "colour":
+                    colours = list(self._colours.keys())
+                    colours.sort()
+                    firstline[1] = firstline[1] + " from " + ", ".join(colours)
+                if len(multi.strip()) == 0:  # All whitespace
+                    multi = None
+                else:
+                    multi = multi.strip("\n")
+                    # we need to keep \n\n as a newline but turn all others into spaces
+                    multi = multi.replace("\n\n", "\x00")
+                    multi = multi.replace("\n", " ")
+                    multi = multi.replace("\x00", "\n\n")
+                    multi = multi.split("\n\n")
+                self._help_info[c] = ('.' + firstline[0].strip(), firstline[1].strip(), multi)
+
+        self.write(self.stderr, "\n")
+
+        tw = self._terminal_width()
+        if tw < 32:
+            tw = 32
+        if len(cmd) == 0:
+            commands = list(self._help_info.keys())
+            commands.sort()
+            w = 0
+            for command in commands:
+                if len(self._help_info[command][0]) > w:
+                    w = len(self._help_info[command][0])
+            out = []
+            for command in commands:
+                hi = self._help_info[command]
+                # usage string
+                out.append(hi[0])
+                # space padding (including 2 for between columns)
+                out.append(" " * (2 + w - len(hi[0])))
+                # usage message wrapped if need be
+                out.append(("\n" + " " * (2 + w)).join(textwrap.wrap(hi[1], tw - w - 2)))
+                # newline
+                out.append("\n")
+            self.write(self.stderr, "".join(out))
+        else:
+            if cmd[0] == "all":
+                cmd = list(self._help_info.keys())
+                cmd.sort()
+            w = 0
+            for command in self._help_info:
+                if len(self._help_info[command][0]) > w:
+                    w = len(self._help_info[command][0])
+
+            for command in cmd:
+                if command == "headers": command = "header"
+                if command not in self._help_info:
+                    raise self.Error("No such command \"%s\"" % (command, ))
+                out = []
+                hi = self._help_info[command]
+                # usage string
+                out.append(hi[0])
+                # space padding (2)
+                out.append(" " * (2 + w - len(hi[0])))
+                # usage message wrapped if need be
+                out.append(("\n" + " " * (2 + w)).join(textwrap.wrap(hi[1], tw - w - 2)) + "\n")
+                if hi[2]:
+                    # newlines
+                    out.append("\n")
+                    # detailed message
+                    for i, para in enumerate(hi[2]):
+                        out.append(textwrap.fill(para, tw) + "\n")
+                        if i < len(hi[2]) - 1:
+                            out.append("\n")
+                # if not first one then print separator header
+                if command != cmd[0]:
+                    self.write(self.stderr, "\n" + "=" * tw + "\n")
+                self.write(self.stderr, "".join(out))
+        self.write(self.stderr, "\n")
+
+    def command_import(self, cmd):
+        """import FILE TABLE: Imports separated data from FILE into TABLE
+
+        Reads data from the file into the named table using the
+        current separator and encoding.  For example if the separator
+        is currently a comma then the file should be CSV (comma
+        separated values).
+
+        All values read in are supplied to SQLite as strings.  If you
+        want SQLite to treat them as other types then declare your
+        columns appropriately.  For example declaring a column 'REAL'
+        will result in the values being stored as floating point if
+        they can be safely converted.  See this page for more details:
+
+          https://sqlite.org/datatype3.html
+
+        Another alternative is to create a temporary table, insert the
+        values into that and then use casting.
+
+          CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE import(a,b,c);
+
+          .import filename import
+
+          CREATE TABLE final AS SELECT cast(a as BLOB), cast(b as INTEGER), cast(c as CHAR) from import;
+
+          DROP TABLE import;
+
+        You can also get more sophisticated using the SQL CASE
+        operator.  For example this will turn zero length strings into
+        null:
+
+          SELECT CASE col WHEN '' THEN null ELSE col END FROM ...
+        """
+        if len(cmd) != 2:
+            raise self.Error("import takes two parameters")
+
+        try:
+            final = None
+            # start transaction so database can't be changed
+            # underneath us
+            self.db.execute("BEGIN IMMEDIATE")
+            final = "ROLLBACK"
+
+            # how many columns?
+            ncols = len(self.db.execute("pragma table_info(" + self._fmt_sql_identifier(cmd[1]) +
+                                                 ")").fetchall())
+            if ncols < 1:
+                raise self.Error("No such table '%s'" % (cmd[1], ))
+
+            cur = self.db.cursor()
+            sql = "insert into %s values(%s)" % (self._fmt_sql_identifier(cmd[1]), ",".join("?" * ncols))
+
+            kwargs = {}
+            if self.separator == ",":
+                kwargs["dialect"] = "excel"
+            elif self.separator == "\t":
+                kwargs["dialect"] = "excel-tab"
+            else:
+                kwargs["quoting"] = csv.QUOTE_NONE
+                kwargs["delimiter"] = self.separator
+                kwargs["doublequote"] = False
+                kwargs["quotechar"] = "\x00"
+            row = 1
+            for line in self._csvin_wrapper(cmd[0], kwargs):
+                if len(line) != ncols:
+                    raise self.Error("row %d has %d columns but should have %d" % (row, len(line), ncols))
+                try:
+                    cur.execute(sql, line)
+                except:
+                    self.write(self.stderr, "Error inserting row %d" % (row, ))
+                    raise
+                row += 1
+            self.db.execute("COMMIT")
+
+        except:
+            if final:
+                self.db.execute(final)
+            raise
+
+    def _csvin_wrapper(self, filename, dialect):
+        # Returns a csv reader that works around python bugs and uses
+        # dialect dict to configure reader
+        thefile = codecs.open(filename, "r", self.encoding[0])
+        for line in csv.reader(thefile, **dialect.copy()):
+            yield line
+        thefile.close()
+        return
+
+    def command_autoimport(self, cmd):
+        """autoimport FILENAME ?TABLE?: Imports filename creating a table and automatically working out separators and data types (alternative to .import command)
+
+        The import command requires that you precisely pre-setup the
+        table and schema, and set the data separators (eg commas or
+        tabs).  In many cases this information can be automatically
+        deduced from the file contents which is what this command
+        does.  There must be at least two columns and two rows.
+
+        If the table is not specified then the basename of the file
+        will be used.
+
+        Additionally the type of the contents of each column is also
+        deduced - for example if it is a number or date.  Empty values
+        are turned into nulls.  Dates are normalized into YYYY-MM-DD
+        format and DateTime are normalized into ISO8601 format to
+        allow easy sorting and searching.  4 digit years must be used
+        to detect dates.  US (swapped day and month) versus rest of
+        the world is also detected providing there is at least one
+        value that resolves the ambiguity.
+
+        Care is taken to ensure that columns looking like numbers are
+        only treated as numbers if they do not have unnecessary
+        leading zeroes or plus signs.  This is to avoid treating phone
+        numbers and similar number like strings as integers.
+
+        This command can take quite some time on large files as they
+        are effectively imported twice.  The first time is to
+        determine the format and the types for each column while the
+        second pass actually imports the data.
+        """
+        if len(cmd) < 1 or len(cmd) > 2:
+            raise self.Error("Expected one or two parameters")
+        if not os.path.exists(cmd[0]):
+            raise self.Error("File \"%s\" does not exist" % (cmd[0], ))
+        if len(cmd) == 2:
+            tablename = cmd[1]
+        else:
+            tablename = None
+        try:
+            final = None
+            c = self.db.cursor()
+            c.execute("BEGIN IMMEDIATE")
+            final = "ROLLBACK"
+
+            if not tablename:
+                tablename = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(cmd[0]))[0]
+
+            if c.execute("pragma table_info(%s)" % (self._fmt_sql_identifier(tablename), )).fetchall():
+                raise self.Error("Table \"%s\" already exists" % (tablename, ))
+
+            # The types we support deducing
+            def DateUS(v):  # US formatted date with wrong ordering of day and month
+                return DateWorld(v, switchdm=True)
+
+            def DateWorld(v, switchdm=False):  # Sensibly formatted date as used anywhere else in the world
+                y, m, d = self._getdate(v)
+                if switchdm: m, d = d, m
+                if m < 1 or m > 12 or d < 1 or d > 31:
+                    raise ValueError
+                return "%d-%02d-%02d" % (y, m, d)
+
+            def DateTimeUS(v):  # US date and time
+                return DateTimeWorld(v, switchdm=True)
+
+            def DateTimeWorld(v, switchdm=False):  # Sensible date and time
+                y, m, d, h, M, s = self._getdatetime(v)
+                if switchdm: m, d = d, m
+                if m < 1 or m > 12 or d < 1 or d > 31 or h < 0 or h > 23 or M < 0 or M > 59 or s < 0 or s > 65:
+                    raise ValueError
+                return "%d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d" % (y, m, d, h, M, s)
+
+            def Number(v):  # we really don't want phone numbers etc to match
+                # Python's float & int constructors allow whitespace which we don't
+                if re.search(r"\s", v):
+                    raise ValueError
+                if v == "0": return 0
+                if v[0] == "+":  # idd prefix
+                    raise ValueError
+                if re.match("^[0-9]+$", v):
+                    if v[0] == "0": raise ValueError  # also a phone number
+                    return int(v)
+                if v[0] == "0" and not v.startswith("0."):  # deceptive not a number
+                    raise ValueError
+                return float(v)
+
+            # Work out the file format
+            formats = [{"dialect": "excel"}, {"dialect": "excel-tab"}]
+            seps = ["|", ";", ":"]
+            if self.separator not in seps:
+                seps.append(self.separator)
+            for sep in seps:
+                formats.append({"quoting": csv.QUOTE_NONE, "delimiter": sep, "doublequote": False, "quotechar": "\x00"})
+            possibles = []
+            errors = []
+            encodingissue = False
+            # format is copy() on every use.  This appears bizarre and
+            # unnecessary.  However Python 2.3 and 2.4 somehow manage
+            # to empty it if not copied.
+            for format in formats:
+                ncols = -1
+                lines = 0
+                try:
+                    for line in self._csvin_wrapper(cmd[0], format.copy()):
+                        if lines == 0:
+                            lines = 1
+                            ncols = len(line)
+                            # data type guess setup
+                            datas = []
+                            for i in range(ncols):
+                                datas.append([DateUS, DateWorld, DateTimeUS, DateTimeWorld, Number])
+                            allblanks = [True] * ncols
+                            continue
+                        if len(line) != ncols:
+                            raise ValueError("Expected %d columns - got %d" % (ncols, len(line)))
+                        lines += 1
+                        for i in range(ncols):
+                            if not line[i]:
+                                continue
+                            allblanks[i] = False
+                            if not datas[i]:
+                                continue
+                            # remove datas that give ValueError
+                            d = []
+                            for dd in datas[i]:
+                                try:
+                                    dd(line[i])
+                                    d.append(dd)
+                                except ValueError:
+                                    pass
+                            datas[i] = d
+                    if ncols > 1 and lines > 1:
+                        # if a particular column was allblank then clear datas for it
+                        for i in range(ncols):
+                            if allblanks[i]:
+                                datas[i] = []
+                        possibles.append((format.copy(), ncols, lines, datas))
+                except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                    encodingissue = True
+                except:
+                    s = str(sys.exc_info()[1])
+                    if s not in errors:
+                        errors.append(s)
+
+            if len(possibles) == 0:
+                if encodingissue:
+                    raise self.Error(
+                        "The file is probably not in the current encoding \"%s\" and didn't match a known file format" %
+                        (self.encoding[0], ))
+                v = "File doesn't appear to match a known type."
+                if len(errors):
+                    v += "  Errors reported:\n" + "\n".join(["  " + e for e in errors])
+                raise self.Error(v)
+            if len(possibles) > 1:
+                raise self.Error("File matches more than one type!")
+            format, ncols, lines, datas = possibles[0]
+            fmt = format.get("dialect", None)
+            if fmt is None:
+                fmt = "(delimited by \"%s\")" % (format["delimiter"], )
+            self.write(self.stdout, "Detected Format %s  Columns %d  Rows %d\n" % (fmt, ncols, lines))
+            # Header row
+            reader = self._csvin_wrapper(cmd[0], format)
+            for header in reader:
+                break
+            # Check schema
+            identity = lambda x: x
+            for i in range(ncols):
+                if len(datas[i]) > 1:
+                    raise self.Error("Column #%d \"%s\" has ambiguous data format - %s" %
+                                     (i + 1, header[i], ", ".join([d.__name__ for d in datas[i]])))
+                if datas[i]:
+                    datas[i] = datas[i][0]
+                else:
+                    datas[i] = identity
+            # Make the table
+            sql = "CREATE TABLE %s(%s)" % (self._fmt_sql_identifier(tablename), ", ".join(
+                [self._fmt_sql_identifier(h) for h in header]))
+            c.execute(sql)
+            # prep work for each row
+            sql = "INSERT INTO %s VALUES(%s)" % (self._fmt_sql_identifier(tablename), ",".join(["?"] * ncols))
+            for line in reader:
+                vals = []
+                for i in range(ncols):
+                    l = line[i]
+                    if not l:
+                        vals.append(None)
+                    else:
+                        vals.append(datas[i](l))
+                c.execute(sql, vals)
+
+            c.execute("COMMIT")
+            self.write(self.stdout, "Auto-import into table \"%s\" complete\n" % (tablename, ))
+        except:
+            if final:
+                self.db.execute(final)
+            raise
+
+    def _getdate(self, v):
+        # Returns a tuple of 3 items y,m,d from string v
+        m = re.match(r"^([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)$", v)
+        if not m:
+            raise ValueError
+        y, m, d = int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2)), int(m.group(3))
+        if d > 1000:  # swap order
+            y, m, d = d, m, y
+        if y < 1000 or y > 9999:
+            raise ValueError
+        return y, m, d
+
+    def _getdatetime(self, v):
+        # must be at least HH:MM
+        m = re.match(r"^([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)[^0-9]+([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)([^0-9]([0-9]+))?$", v)
+        if not m:
+            raise ValueError
+        items = list(m.group(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7))
+        for i in range(len(items)):
+            if items[i] is None:
+                items[i] = 0
+        items = [int(i) for i in items]
+        if items[2] > 1000:
+            items = [items[2], items[1], items[0]] + items[3:]
+        if items[0] < 1000 or items[0] > 9999:
+            raise ValueError
+        return items
+
+    def command_indices(self, cmd):
+        """indices TABLE: Lists all indices on table TABLE
+
+        """
+        if len(cmd) != 1:
+            raise self.Error("indices takes one table name")
+        self.push_output()
+        self.header = False
+        self.output = self.output_list
+        try:
+            self.process_sql(
+                "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='index' AND tbl_name LIKE ?1 "
+                "UNION ALL SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master WHERE type='index' AND tbl_name LIKE "
+                "?1 ORDER by name",
+                cmd,
+                internal=True)
+        finally:
+            self.pop_output()
+
+    def command_load(self, cmd):
+        """load FILE ?ENTRY?: Loads a SQLite extension library
+
+        Note: Extension loading may not be enabled in the SQLite
+        library version you are using.
+
+        Extensions are an easy way to add new functions and
+        functionality.  For a useful extension look at the bottom of
+        https://sqlite.org/contrib
+
+        By default sqlite3_extension_init is called in the library but
+        you can specify an alternate entry point.
+
+        If you get an error about the extension not being found you
+        may need to explicitly specify the directory.  For example if
+        it is in the current directory then use:
+
+          .load ./extension.so
+        """
+        if len(cmd) < 1 or len(cmd) > 2:
+            raise self.Error("load takes one or two parameters")
+        try:
+            self.db.enableloadextension(True)
+        except:
+            raise self.Error("Extension loading is not supported")
+
+        self.db.loadextension(*cmd)
+
+    _output_modes = None
+
+    def command_mode(self, cmd):
+        """mode MODE ?TABLE?: Sets output mode to one of"""
+        if len(cmd) in (1, 2):
+            w = cmd[0]
+            if w == "tabs":
+                w = "list"
+            m = getattr(self, "output_" + w, None)
+            if w != "insert":
+                if len(cmd) == 2:
+                    raise self.Error("Output mode %s doesn't take parameters" % (cmd[0]))
+            if m:
+                self.output = m
+                # set some defaults
+                self.truncate = True
+                if cmd[0] == "csv":
+                    self.separator = ","
+                elif cmd[0] == "tabs":
+                    self.separator = "\t"
+                else:
+                    pass
+                    #self.separator=self._output_stack[0]["separator"]
+                if w == "insert":
+                    if len(cmd) == 2:
+                        self._output_table = cmd[1]
+                    else:
+                        self._output_table = "table"
+                    self._output_table = self._fmt_sql_identifier(self._output_table)
+                return
+        if not self._output_modes:
+            self._cache_output_modes()
+        raise self.Error("Expected a valid output mode: " + ", ".join(self._output_modes))
+
+    # needed so command completion and help can use it
+    def _cache_output_modes(self):
+        modes = [m[len("output_"):] for m in dir(self) if m.startswith("output_")]
+        modes.append("tabs")
+        modes.sort()
+        self._output_modes = modes
+
+        detail = []
+
+        for m in modes:
+            if m == 'tabs': continue
+            d = getattr(self, "output_" + m).__doc__
+            assert d, "output mode " + m + " needs doc"
+            d = d.replace("\n", " ").strip()
+            while "  " in d:
+                d = d.replace("  ", " ")
+            detail.append(m + ": " + d)
+        self._output_modes_detail = detail
+
+    def command_nullvalue(self, cmd):
+        """nullvalue STRING: Print STRING in place of null values
+
+        This affects textual output modes like column and list and
+        sets how SQL null values are shown.  The default is a zero
+        length string.  Insert mode and dumps are not affected by this
+        setting.  You can use double quotes to supply a zero length
+        string.  For example:
+
+          .nullvalue ""         # the default
+          .nullvalue <NULL>     # rather obvious
+          .nullvalue " \\t "     # A tab surrounded by spaces
+        """
+        if len(cmd) != 1:
+            raise self.Error("nullvalue takes exactly one parameter")
+        self.nullvalue = self.fixup_backslashes(cmd[0])
+
+    def command_open(self, cmd):
+        """open ?OPTIONS? ?FILE?: Closes existing database and opens a different one
+
+        Options are: --new which deletes the file if it already exists
+
+        If FILE is omitted then a memory database is opened
+        """
+        new = False
+        dbname = None
+        c = cmd
+        while c:
+            p = c.pop(0)
+            if p.startswith("--"):
+                if p == "--new":
+                    new = True
+                    continue
+                raise self.Error("Unknown open param: " + p)
+            if dbname:
+                raise self.Error("Too many arguments: " + p)
+            dbname = p
+
+        if new and dbname:
+            # close it first in case re-opening existing.  windows doesn't
+            # allow deleting open files, tag alongs cause problems etc
+            # hence retry and sleeps
+            self.db = (None, None)
+            for suffix in "", "-journal", "-wal", "-shm":
+                fn = dbname + suffix
+                for retry in range(1, 5):
+                    try:
+                        os.remove(fn)
+                        break
+                    except OSError:
+                        if not os.path.isfile(fn):
+                            break
+                        # under windows tag alongs can delay being able to
+                        # delete after we have closed the file
+                        import gc
+                        gc.collect(2)
+                        time.sleep(.05 * retry)
+                else:
+                    os.rename(fn, fn + "-DELETEME")
+
+        self.db = (None, dbname)
+
+    def command_output(self, cmd):
+        """output FILENAME: Send output to FILENAME (or stdout)
+
+        If the FILENAME is stdout then output is sent to standard
+        output from when the shell was started.  The file is opened
+        using the current encoding (change with .encoding command).
+        """
+        # Flush everything
+        self.stdout.flush()
+        self.stderr.flush()
+        if hasattr(self.stdin, "flush"):
+            try:
+                self.stdin.flush()
+            except IOError:  # see issue 117
+                pass
+
+        # we will also close stdout but only do so once we have a
+        # replacement so that stdout is always valid
+
+        if len(cmd) != 1:
+            raise self.Error("You must specify a filename")
+
+        try:
+            fname = cmd[0]
+            if fname == "stdout":
+                old = None
+                if self.stdout != self._original_stdout:
+                    old = self.stdout
+                self.stdout = self._original_stdout
+                if old is not None:  # done here in case close raises exception
+                    old.close()
+                return
+
+            newf = codecs.open(fname, "w", self.encoding[0], self.encoding[1])
+            old = None
+            if self.stdout != self._original_stdout:
+                old = self.stdout
+            self.stdout = newf
+            if old is not None:
+                old.close()
+        finally:
+            self._out_colour()
+
+    def command_print(self, cmd):
+        """print STRING: print the literal STRING
+
+        If more than one argument is supplied then they are printed
+        space separated.  You can use backslash escapes such as \\n
+        and \\t.
+        """
+        self.write(self.stdout, " ".join([self.fixup_backslashes(i) for i in cmd]) + "\n")
+
+    def command_prompt(self, cmd):
+        """prompt MAIN ?CONTINUE?: Changes the prompts for first line and continuation lines
+
+        The default is to print 'sqlite> ' for the main prompt where
+        you can enter a dot command or a SQL statement.  If the SQL
+        statement is complete (eg not ; terminated) then you are
+        prompted for more using the continuation prompt which defaults
+        to ' ..> '.  Example:
+
+          .prompt "Yes, Master> " "More, Master> "
+
+        You can use backslash escapes such as \\n and \\t.
+        """
+        if len(cmd) < 1 or len(cmd) > 2:
+            raise self.Error("prompt takes one or two arguments")
+        self.prompt = self.fixup_backslashes(cmd[0])
+        if len(cmd) == 2:
+            self.moreprompt = self.fixup_backslashes(cmd[1])
+
+    def command_read(self, cmd):
+        """read FILENAME: Processes SQL and commands in FILENAME (or Python if FILENAME ends with .py)
+
+        Treats the specified file as input (a mixture or SQL and/or
+        dot commands).  If the filename ends in .py then it is treated
+        as Python code instead.
+
+        For Python code the symbol 'shell' refers to the instance of
+        the shell and 'apsw' is the apsw module.
+        """
+        if len(cmd) != 1:
+            raise self.Error("read takes a single filename")
+        if cmd[0].lower().endswith(".py"):
+            g = {}
+            g.update({'apsw': apsw, 'shell': self})
+            # compile step is needed to associate name with code
+            f = open(cmd[0], "rb")
+            try:
+                exec(compile(f.read(), cmd[0], 'exec'), g, g)
+            finally:
+                f.close()
+        else:
+            f = codecs.open(cmd[0], "r", self.encoding[0])
+            try:
+                try:
+                    self.push_input()
+                    self.stdin = f
+                    self.interactive = False
+                    self.input_line_number = 0
+                    while True:
+                        line = self.getcompleteline()
+                        if line is None:
+                            break
+                        self.process_complete_line(line)
+                except:
+                    eval = sys.exc_info()[1]
+                    if not isinstance(eval, SystemExit):
+                        self._append_input_description()
+                    raise
+
+            finally:
+                self.pop_input()
+                f.close()
+
+    def command_restore(self, cmd):
+        """restore ?DB? FILE: Restore database from FILE into DB (default "main")
+
+        Copies the contents of FILE to the current database (default "main").
+        The backup is done at the page level - SQLite copies the pages as
+        is.  There is no round trip through SQL code.
+        """
+        dbname = "main"
+        if len(cmd) == 1:
+            fname = cmd[0]
+        elif len(cmd) == 2:
+            dbname = cmd[0]
+            fname = cmd[1]
+        else:
+            raise self.Error("Restore takes one or two parameters")
+        input = apsw.Connection(fname)
+        b = self.db.backup(dbname, input, "main")
+        try:
+            while not b.done:
+                b.step()
+        finally:
+            b.finish()
+            input.close()
+
+    def command_schema(self, cmd):
+        """schema ?TABLE? [TABLE...]: Shows SQL for table
+
+        If you give one or more tables then their schema is listed
+        (including indices).  If you don't specify any then all
+        schemas are listed. TABLE is a like pattern so you can % for
+        wildcards.
+        """
+        self.push_output()
+        self.output = self.output_list
+        self.header = False
+        try:
+            if len(cmd) == 0:
+                cmd = ['%']
+            for n in cmd:
+                self.process_sql(
+                    "SELECT sql||';' FROM "
+                    "(SELECT sql sql, type type, tbl_name tbl_name, name name "
+                    "FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL "
+                    "SELECT sql, type, tbl_name, name FROM sqlite_temp_master) "
+                    "WHERE tbl_name LIKE ?1 AND type!='meta' AND sql NOTNULL AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' "
+                    "ORDER BY substr(type,2,1), name", (n, ),
+                    internal=True)
+        finally:
+            self.pop_output()
+
+    def command_separator(self, cmd):
+        """separator STRING: Change separator for output mode and .import
+
+        You can use quotes and backslashes.  For example to set the
+        separator to space tab space you can use:
+
+          .separator " \\t "
+
+        The setting is automatically changed when you switch to csv or
+        tabs output mode.  You should also set it before doing an
+        import (ie , for CSV and \\t for TSV).
+        """
+        if len(cmd) != 1:
+            raise self.Error("separator takes exactly one parameter")
+        self.separator = self.fixup_backslashes(cmd[0])
+
+    _shows = ("echo", "explain", "headers", "mode", "nullvalue", "output", "separator", "width", "exceptions",
+              "encoding")
+
+    def command_show(self, cmd):
+        """show: Show the current values for various settings."""
+        if len(cmd) > 1:
+            raise self.Error("show takes at most one parameter")
+        if len(cmd):
+            what = cmd[0]
+            if what not in self._shows:
+                raise self.Error("Unknown show: '%s'" % (what, ))
+        else:
+            what = None
+
+        outs = []
+        for i in self._shows:
+            k = i
+            if what and i != what:
+                continue
+            # boolean settings
+            if i in ("echo", "headers", "exceptions"):
+                if i == "headers": i = "header"
+                v = "off"
+                if getattr(self, i):
+                    v = "on"
+            elif i == "explain":
+                # we cheat by looking at truncate setting!
+                v = "on"
+                if self.truncate:
+                    v = "off"
+            elif i in ("nullvalue", "separator"):
+                v = self._fmt_c_string(getattr(self, i))
+            elif i == "mode":
+                if not self._output_modes:
+                    self._cache_output_modes()
+                for v in self._output_modes:
+                    if self.output == getattr(self, "output_" + v):
+                        break
+                else:
+                    assert False, "Bug: didn't find output mode"
+            elif i == "output":
+                if self.stdout is self._original_stdout:
+                    v = "stdout"
+                else:
+                    v = getattr(self.stdout, "name", "<unknown stdout>")
+            elif i == "width":
+                v = " ".join(["%d" % (i, ) for i in self.widths])
+            elif i == "encoding":
+                v = self.encoding[0]
+                if self.encoding[1]:
+                    v += " (Errors " + self.encoding[1] + ")"
+            else:
+                assert False, "Bug: unknown show handling"
+            outs.append((k, v))
+
+        # find width of k column
+        l = 0
+        for k, v in outs:
+            if len(k) > l:
+                l = len(k)
+
+        for k, v in outs:
+            self.write(self.stderr, "%*.*s: %s\n" % (l, l, k, v))
+
+    def command_tables(self, cmd):
+        """tables ?PATTERN?: Lists names of tables matching LIKE pattern
+
+        This also returns views.
+        """
+        self.push_output()
+        self.output = self.output_list
+        self.header = False
+        try:
+            if len(cmd) == 0:
+                cmd = ['%']
+
+            # The SQLite shell code filters out sqlite_ prefixes if
+            # you specified an argument else leaves them in.  It also
+            # has a hand coded output mode that does space separation
+            # plus wrapping at 80 columns.
+            for n in cmd:
+                self.process_sql(
+                    "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master "
+                    "WHERE type IN ('table', 'view') AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' "
+                    "AND name like ?1 "
+                    "UNION ALL "
+                    "SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master "
+                    "WHERE type IN ('table', 'view') AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' "
+                    "ORDER BY 1", (n, ),
+                    internal=True)
+        finally:
+            self.pop_output()
+
+    def command_timeout(self, cmd):
+        """timeout MS: Try opening locked tables for MS milliseconds
+
+        If a database is locked by another process SQLite will keep
+        retrying.  This sets how many thousandths of a second it will
+        keep trying for.  If you supply zero or a negative number then
+        all busy handlers are disabled.
+        """
+        if len(cmd) != 1:
+            raise self.Error("timeout takes a number")
+        try:
+            t = int(cmd[0])
+        except:
+            raise self.Error("%s is not a number" % (cmd[0], ))
+        self.db.setbusytimeout(t)
+
+    def command_timer(self, cmd):
+        """timer ON|OFF: Control printing of time and resource usage after each query
+
+        The values displayed are in seconds when shown as floating
+        point or an absolute count.  Only items that have changed
+        since starting the query are shown.  On non-Windows platforms
+        considerably more information can be shown.
+        """
+        if self._boolean_command("timer", cmd):
+            try:
+                self.get_resource_usage()
+            except:
+                raise self.Error("Timing not supported by this Python version/platform")
+            self.timer = True
+        else:
+            self.timer = False
+
+    def command_width(self, cmd):
+        """width NUM NUM ...: Set the column widths for "column" mode
+
+        In "column" output mode, each column is a fixed width with values truncated to
+        fit.  Specify new widths using this command.  Use a negative number
+        to right justify and zero for default column width.
+        """
+        if len(cmd) == 0:
+            raise self.Error("You need to specify some widths!")
+        w = []
+        for i in cmd:
+            try:
+                w.append(int(i))
+            except:
+                raise self.Error("'%s' is not a valid number" % (i, ))
+        self.widths = w
+
+    def _terminal_width(self):
+        """Works out the terminal width which is used for word wrapping
+        some output (eg .help)"""
+        try:
+            if sys.platform == "win32":
+                import ctypes, struct
+                h = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(-12)  # -12 is stderr
+                buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(22)
+                if ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(h, buf):
+                    _, _, _, _, _, left, top, right, bottom, _, _ = struct.unpack("hhhhHhhhhhh", buf.raw)
+                    return right - left
+                raise Exception()
+            else:
+                # posix
+                import struct, fcntl, termios
+                s = struct.pack('HHHH', 0, 0, 0, 0)
+                x = fcntl.ioctl(2, termios.TIOCGWINSZ, s)
+                return struct.unpack('HHHH', x)[1]
+        except:
+            try:
+                v = int(os.getenv("COLUMNS"))
+                if v < 10:
+                    return 80
+                return v
+            except:
+                return 80
+
+    def push_output(self):
+        """Saves the current output settings onto a stack.  See
+        :meth:`pop_output` for more details as to why you would use
+        this."""
+        o = {}
+        for k in "separator", "header", "nullvalue", "output", "widths", "truncate":
+            o[k] = getattr(self, k)
+        self._output_stack.append(o)
+
+    def pop_output(self):
+        """Restores most recently pushed output.  There are many
+        output parameters such as nullvalue, mode
+        (list/tcl/html/insert etc), column widths, header etc.  If you
+        temporarily need to change some settings then
+        :meth:`push_output`, change the settings and then pop the old
+        ones back.
+
+        A simple example is implementing a command like .dump.  Push
+        the current output, change the mode to insert so we get SQL
+        inserts printed and then pop to go back to what was there
+        before.
+
+        """
+        # first item should always be present
+        assert len(self._output_stack)
+        if len(self._output_stack) == 1:
+            o = self._output_stack[0]
+        else:
+            o = self._output_stack.pop()
+        for k, v in o.items():
+            setattr(self, k, v)
+
+    def _append_input_description(self):
+        """When displaying an error in :meth:`handle_exception` we
+        want to give context such as when the commands being executed
+        came from a .read command (which in turn could execute another
+        .read).
+        """
+        if self.interactive:
+            return
+        res = []
+        res.append("Line %d" % (self.input_line_number, ))
+        res.append(": " + getattr(self.stdin, "name", "<stdin>"))
+        self._input_descriptions.append(" ".join(res))
+
+    def fixup_backslashes(self, s):
+        """Implements the various backlash sequences in s such as
+        turning backslash t into a tab.
+
+        This function is needed because shlex does not do it for us.
+        """
+        if "\\" not in s: return s
+        # See the resolve_backslashes function in SQLite shell source
+        res = []
+        i = 0
+        while i < len(s):
+            if s[i] != "\\":
+                res.append(s[i])
+                i += 1
+                continue
+            i += 1
+            if i >= len(s):
+                raise self.Error("Backslash with nothing following")
+            c = s[i]
+            res.append({"\\": "\\", "r": "\r", "n": "\n", "t": "\t"}.get(c, None))
+            i += 1  # advance again
+            if res[-1] is None:
+                raise self.Error("Unknown backslash sequence \\" + c)
+        return "".join(res)
+
+    def write(self, dest, text):
+        "Writes text to dest.  dest will typically be one of self.stdout or self.stderr."
+        dest.write(text)
+
+    _raw_input = input
+
+    def getline(self, prompt=""):
+        """Returns a single line of input (may be incomplete SQL) from self.stdin.
+
+        If EOF is reached then return None.  Do not include trailing
+        newline in return.
+        """
+        self.stdout.flush()
+        self.stderr.flush()
+        try:
+            if self.interactive:
+                if self.stdin is sys.stdin:
+                    c = self.colour.prompt, self.colour.prompt_
+                    if self._using_readline:
+                        # these are needed so that readline knows they are non-printing characters
+                        c = "\x01" + c[0] + "\x02", "\x01" + c[1] + "\x02",
+                    line = self._raw_input(c[0] + prompt + c[1]) + "\n"  # raw_input excludes newline
+                else:
+                    self.write(self.stdout, prompt)
+                    line = self.stdin.readline()  # includes newline unless last line of file doesn't have one
+            else:
+                line = self.stdin.readline()  # includes newline unless last line of file doesn't have one
+            self.input_line_number += 1
+            if sys.version_info < (3, 0):
+                if type(line) != unicode:
+                    enc = getattr(self.stdin, "encoding", self.encoding[0])
+                    if not enc: enc = self.encoding[0]
+                    line = line.decode(enc)
+        except EOFError:
+            return None
+        if len(line) == 0:  # always a \n on the end normally so this is EOF
+            return None
+        if line[-1] == "\n":
+            line = line[:-1]
+        return line
+
+    def getcompleteline(self):
+        """Returns a complete input.
+
+        For dot commands it will be one line.  For SQL statements it
+        will be as many as is necessary to have a
+        :meth:`~apsw.complete` statement (ie semicolon terminated).
+        Returns None on end of file."""
+        try:
+            self._completion_first = True
+            command = self.getline(self.prompt)
+            if command is None:
+                return None
+            if len(command.strip()) == 0:
+                return ""
+            if command[0] == "?": command = ".help " + command[1:]
+            # incomplete SQL?
+            while command[0] != "." and not apsw.complete(command):
+                self._completion_first = False
+                line = self.getline(self.moreprompt)
+                if line is None:  # unexpected eof
+                    raise self.Error("Incomplete SQL (line %d of %s): %s\n" %
+                                     (self.input_line_number, getattr(self.stdin, "name", "<stdin>"), command))
+                if line in ("go", "/"):
+                    break
+                command = command + "\n" + line
+            return command
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            self.handle_interrupt()
+            return ""
+
+    def handle_interrupt(self):
+        """Deal with keyboard interrupt (typically Control-C).  It
+        will :meth:`~apsw.Connection.interrupt` the database and print"^C" if interactive."""
+        self.db.interrupt()
+        if not self.bail and self.interactive:
+            self.write(self.stderr, "^C\n")
+            return
+        raise
+
+    def process_complete_line(self, command):
+        """Given some text will call the appropriate method to process
+        it (eg :meth:`process_sql` or :meth:`process_command`)"""
+        try:
+            if len(command.strip()) == 0:
+                return
+            if command[0] == ".":
+                self.process_command(command)
+            else:
+                self.process_sql(command)
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            self.handle_interrupt()
+
+    def push_input(self):
+        """Saves the current input parameters to a stack.  See :meth:`pop_input`."""
+        d = {}
+        for i in "interactive", "stdin", "input_line_number":
+            d[i] = getattr(self, i)
+        self._input_stack.append(d)
+
+    def pop_input(self):
+        """Restore most recently pushed input parameters (interactive,
+        self.stdin, linenumber etc).  Use this if implementing a
+        command like read.  Push the current input, read the file and
+        then pop the input to go back to before.
+        """
+        assert (len(self._input_stack)) > 1
+        d = self._input_stack.pop()
+        for k, v in d.items():
+            setattr(self, k, v)
+
+    def complete(self, token, state):
+        """Return a possible completion for readline
+
+        This function is called with state starting at zero to get the
+        first completion, then one/two/three etc until you return None.  The best
+        implementation is to generate the list when state==0, save it,
+        and provide members on each increase.
+
+        The default implementation extracts the current full input
+        from readline and then calls :meth:`complete_command` or
+        :meth:`complete_sql` as appropriate saving the results for
+        subsequent calls.
+        """
+        if state == 0:
+            import readline
+            # the whole line
+            line = readline.get_line_buffer()
+            # beginning and end(+1) of the token in line
+            beg = readline.get_begidx()
+            end = readline.get_endidx()
+            # Are we matching a command?
+            try:
+                if self._completion_first and line.startswith("."):
+                    self.completions = self.complete_command(line, token, beg, end)
+                else:
+                    self.completions = self.complete_sql(line, token, beg, end)
+            except:
+                # Readline swallows any exceptions we raise.  We
+                # shouldn't be raising any so this is to catch that
+                import traceback
+                traceback.print_exc()
+                raise
+
+        if state > len(self.completions):
+            return None
+        return self.completions[state]
+
+    # Taken from https://sqlite.org/lang_keywords.html
+    _sqlite_keywords = """ABORT ACTION ADD AFTER ALL ALTER ANALYZE AND AS ASC ATTACH
+    AUTOINCREMENT BEFORE BEGIN BETWEEN BY CASCADE CASE CAST CHECK
+    COLLATE COLUMN COMMIT CONFLICT CONSTRAINT CREATE CROSS
+    CURRENT_DATE CURRENT_TIME CURRENT_TIMESTAMP DATABASE DEFAULT
+    DEFERRABLE DEFERRED DELETE DESC DETACH DISTINCT DROP EACH ELSE END
+    ESCAPE EXCEPT EXCLUSIVE EXISTS EXPLAIN FAIL FOR FOREIGN FROM FULL
+    GLOB GROUP HAVING IF IGNORE IMMEDIATE IN INDEX INDEXED INITIALLY
+    INNER INSERT INSTEAD INTERSECT INTO IS ISNULL JOIN KEY LEFT LIKE
+    LIMIT MATCH NATURAL NO NOT NOTNULL NULL OF OFFSET ON OR ORDER
+    OUTER PLAN PRAGMA PRIMARY QUERY RAISE RECURSIVE REFERENCES REGEXP
+    REINDEX RELEASE RENAME REPLACE RESTRICT RIGHT ROLLBACK ROW
+    SAVEPOINT SELECT SET TABLE TEMP TEMPORARY THEN TO TRANSACTION
+    TRIGGER UNION UNIQUE UPDATE USING VACUUM VALUES VIEW VIRTUAL WHEN
+    WHERE WITH WITHOUT""".split()
+
+    _sqlite_keywords.extend(getattr(apsw, "keywords", []))
+
+    # reserved words need to be quoted.  Only a subset of the above are reserved
+    # but what the heck
+    _sqlite_reserved = _sqlite_keywords
+    # add a space after each of them except functions which get parentheses
+    _sqlite_keywords = [x + (" ", "(")[x in ("VALUES", "CAST")] for x in _sqlite_keywords]
+
+    _sqlite_special_names = """_ROWID_ OID ROWID SQLITE_MASTER
+           SQLITE_SEQUENCE""".split()
+
+    _sqlite_functions = """abs( changes() char( coalesce( glob( ifnull( hex( instr(
+           last_insert_rowid() length( like( likelihood( likely(
+           load_extension( lower( ltrim( max( min( nullif( printf(
+           quote( random() randomblob( replace( round( rtrim( soundex(
+           sqlite_compileoption_get( sqlite_compileoption_used(
+           sqlite_source_id() sqlite_version() substr( total_changes()
+           trim( typeof( unlikely( unicode( upper( zeroblob( date(
+           time( datetime( julianday( strftime( avg( count(
+           group_concat( sum( total(""".split()
+
+    _pragmas_bool = ("yes", "true", "on", "no", "false", "off")
+    _pragmas = {
+        "application_id": None,
+        "auto_vacuum=": ("NONE", "FULL", "INCREMENTAL"),
+        "automatic_index=": _pragmas_bool,
+        "busy_timeout=": None,
+        "cache_size=": None,
+        "case_sensitive_like=": _pragmas_bool,
+        "cache_spill=": _pragmas_bool,
+        "cell_size_check=": _pragmas_bool,
+        "checkpoint_fullfsync=": _pragmas_bool,
+        "collation_list": None,
+        "compile_options": None,
+        "data_version": None,
+        "database_list": None,
+        "defer_foreign_keys=": _pragmas_bool,
+        "encoding=": None,
+        # ('"UTF-8"', '"UTF-16"', '"UTF-16le"', '"UTF16-16be"'),
+        # too hard to get " to be part of token just in this special case
+        "foreign_key_check": None,
+        "foreign_key_list(": None,
+        "foreign_keys": _pragmas_bool,
+        "freelist_count": None,
+        "fullfsync=": _pragmas_bool,
+        "ignore_check_constraints": _pragmas_bool,
+        "incremental_vacuum(": None,
+        "index_info(": None,
+        "index_list(": None,
+        "index_xinfo(": None,
+        "integrity_check": None,
+        "journal_mode=": ("DELETE", "TRUNCATE", "PERSIST", "MEMORY", "OFF", "WAL"),
+        "journal_size_limit=": None,
+        "legacy_file_format=": _pragmas_bool,
+        "locking_mode=": ("NORMAL", "EXCLUSIVE"),
+        "max_page_count=": None,
+        "mmap_size=": None,
+        "optimize(": None,
+        "page_count;": None,
+        "page_size=": None,
+        "query_only=": _pragmas_bool,
+        "quick_check": None,
+        "read_uncommitted=": _pragmas_bool,
+        "recursive_triggers=": _pragmas_bool,
+        "reverse_unordered_selects=": _pragmas_bool,
+        "schema_version": None,
+        "secure_delete=": _pragmas_bool,
+        "shrink_memory": None,
+        "soft_heap_limit=": None,
+        "synchronous=": ("OFF", "NORMAL", "FULL"),
+        "table_info(": None,
+        "table_list": None,
+        "temp_store=": ("DEFAULT", "FILE", "MEMORY"),
+        "threads=": None,
+        "user_version=": None,
+        "wal_autocheckpoint=": None,
+        "wal_checkpoint": None,
+        "writable_schema": _pragmas_bool,
+    }
+
+    def _get_prev_tokens(self, line, end):
+        "Returns the tokens prior to pos end in the line"
+        return re.findall(r'"?\w+"?', line[:end])
+
+    def complete_sql(self, line, token, beg, end):
+        """Provide some completions for SQL
+
+        :param line: The current complete input line
+        :param token: The word readline is looking for matches
+        :param beg: Integer offset of token in line
+        :param end: Integer end of token in line
+        :return: A list of completions, or an empty list if none
+        """
+        if self._completion_cache is None:
+            cur = self.db.cursor()
+            collations = [row[1] for row in cur.execute("pragma collation_list")]
+            databases = [row[1] for row in cur.execute("pragma database_list")]
+            other = []
+            for db in databases:
+                if db == "temp":
+                    master = "sqlite_temp_master"
+                else:
+                    master = "[%s].sqlite_master" % (db, )
+                for row in cur.execute("select * from " + master).fetchall():
+                    for col in (1, 2):
+                        if row[col] not in other and not row[col].startswith("sqlite_"):
+                            other.append(row[col])
+                    if row[0] == "table":
+                        try:
+                            for table in cur.execute("pragma [%s].table_info([%s])" % (
+                                    db,
+                                    row[1],
+                            )).fetchall():
+                                if table[1] not in other:
+                                    other.append(table[1])
+                                for item in table[2].split():
+                                    if item not in other:
+                                        other.append(item)
+                        except apsw.SQLError:
+                            # See https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/86
+                            pass
+                functions = {}
+                for row in cur.execute("pragma function_list"):
+                    name = row[0]
+                    narg = row[4]
+                    functions[name] = max(narg, functions.get(name, -1))
+
+                def fmtfunc(name, nargs):
+                    if nargs == 0:
+                        return name + "()"
+                    return name + "("
+
+                func_list = [fmtfunc(name, narg) for name, narg in functions.items()]
+
+            self._completion_cache = [
+                self._sqlite_keywords, func_list, self._sqlite_special_names, collations, databases, other
+            ]
+            for i in range(len(self._completion_cache)):
+                self._completion_cache[i].sort()
+
+        # be somewhat sensible about pragmas
+        if "pragma " in line.lower():
+            t = self._get_prev_tokens(line.lower(), end)
+
+            # pragma foo = bar
+            if len(t) > 2 and t[-3] == "pragma":
+                # t[-2] should be a valid one
+                for p in self._pragmas:
+                    if p.replace("=", "") == t[-2]:
+                        vals = self._pragmas[p]
+                        if not vals:
+                            return []
+                        return [x + ";" for x in vals if x.startswith(token)]
+            # at equals?
+            if len(t) > 1 and t[-2] == "pragma" and line[:end].replace(" ", "").endswith("="):
+                for p in self._pragmas:
+                    if p.replace("=", "") == t[-1]:
+                        vals = self._pragmas[p]
+                        if not vals:
+                            return []
+                        return vals
+            # pragma foo
+            if len(t) > 1 and t[-2] == "pragma":
+                res = [x for x in self._pragmas.keys() if x.startswith(token)]
+                res.sort()
+                return res
+
+            # pragma
+            if len(t) and t[-1] == "pragma":
+                res = list(self._pragmas.keys())
+                res.sort()
+                return res
+
+        # This is currently not context sensitive (eg it doesn't look
+        # to see if last token was 'FROM' and hence next should only
+        # be table names.  That is a SMOP like pragmas above
+        res = []
+        ut = token.upper()
+        for corpus in self._completion_cache:
+            for word in corpus:
+                if word.upper().startswith(ut):
+                    # potential match - now match case
+                    if word.startswith(token):  # exact
+                        if word not in res:
+                            res.append(word)
+                    elif word.lower().startswith(token):  # lower
+                        if word.lower() not in res:
+                            res.append(word.lower())
+                    elif word.upper().startswith(token):  # upper
+                        if word.upper() not in res:
+                            res.append(word.upper())
+                    else:
+                        # match letter by letter otherwise readline mangles what was typed in
+                        w = token + word[len(token):]
+                        if w not in res:
+                            res.append(w)
+        return res
+
+    _builtin_commands = None
+
+    def complete_command(self, line, token, beg, end):
+        """Provide some completions for dot commands
+
+        :param line: The current complete input line
+        :param token: The word readline is looking for matches
+        :param beg: Integer offset of token in line
+        :param end: Integer end of token in line
+        :return: A list of completions, or an empty list if none
+        """
+        if not self._builtin_commands:
+            self._builtin_commands = [
+                "." + x[len("command_"):] for x in dir(self) if x.startswith("command_") and x != "command_headers"
+            ]
+        if beg == 0:
+            # some commands don't need a space because they take no
+            # params but who cares?
+            return [x + " " for x in self._builtin_commands if x.startswith(token)]
+        return None
+
+    def get_resource_usage(self):
+        """Return a dict of various numbers (ints or floats).  The
+        .timer command shows the difference between before and after
+        results of what this returns by calling :meth:`display_timing`"""
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            import ctypes, time, platform
+            ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetProcessTimes.argtypes = [
+                platform.architecture()[0] == '64bit' and ctypes.c_int64 or ctypes.c_int32, ctypes.c_void_p,
+                ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_void_p
+            ]
+
+            # All 4 out params have to be present.  FILETIME is really
+            # just a 64 bit quantity in 100 nanosecond granularity
+            dummy = ctypes.c_ulonglong()
+            utime = ctypes.c_ulonglong()
+            stime = ctypes.c_ulonglong()
+            rc = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetProcessTimes(
+                ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetCurrentProcess(),
+                ctypes.byref(dummy),  # creation time
+                ctypes.byref(dummy),  # exit time
+                ctypes.byref(stime),
+                ctypes.byref(utime))
+            if rc:
+                return {
+                    'Wall clock': time.time(),
+                    'User time': float(utime.value) / 10000000,
+                    'System time': float(stime.value) / 10000000
+                }
+            return {}
+        else:
+            import resource, time
+            r = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)
+            res = {'Wall clock': time.time()}
+            for i, desc in (
+                ("utime", "User time"),
+                ("stime", "System time"),
+                ("maxrss", "Max rss"),
+                ("idrss", "Memory"),
+                ("isrss", "Stack"),
+                ("ixrss", "Shared Memory"),
+                ("minflt", "PF (no I/O)"),
+                ("majflt", "PF (I/O)"),
+                ("inblock", "Blocks in"),
+                ("oublock", "Blocks out"),
+                ("nsignals", "Signals"),
+                ("nvcsw", "Voluntary context switches"),
+                ("nivcsw", "Involunary context switches"),
+                ("msgrcv", "Messages received"),
+                ("msgsnd", "Messages sent"),
+                ("nswap", "Swaps"),
+            ):
+                f = "ru_" + i
+                if hasattr(r, f):
+                    res[desc] = getattr(r, f)
+            return res
+
+    def display_timing(self, b4, after):
+        """Writes the difference between b4 and after to self.stderr.
+        The data is dictionaries returned from
+        :meth:`get_resource_usage`."""
+        v = list(b4.keys())
+        for i in after:
+            if i not in v:
+                v.append(i)
+        v.sort()
+        for k in v:
+            if k in b4 and k in after:
+                one = b4[k]
+                two = after[k]
+                val = two - one
+                if val:
+                    if type(val) == float:
+                        self.write(self.stderr, "+ %s: %.4f\n" % (k, val))
+                    else:
+                        self.write(self.stderr, "+ %s: %d\n" % (k, val))
+
+    ### Colour support
+
+    def _out_colour(self):
+        # Sets up color for output.  Input being interactive doesn't
+        # matter.  This method needs to be called on all changes to
+        # output.
+        if getattr(self.stdout, "isatty", False) and self.stdout.isatty():
+            self.colour = self._colours[self.colour_scheme]
+        else:
+            self.colour = self._colours["off"]
+
+    # This class returns an empty string for all undefined attributes
+    # so that it doesn't matter if a colour scheme leaves something
+    # out.
+    class _colourscheme:
+
+        def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+            for k, v in kwargs.items():
+                setattr(self, k, v)
+
+        def __nonzero__(self):
+            return True
+
+        def __str__(self):
+            return "_colourscheme(" + str(self.__dict__) + ")"
+
+        def __getattr__(self, k):
+            return ""
+
+        def colour_value(self, val, formatted):
+            c = self.colour
+            if val is None:
+                return self.vnull + formatted + self.vnull_
+            if isinstance(val, Shell._basestring):
+                return self.vstring + formatted + self.vstring_
+            if isinstance(val, Shell._binary_type):
+                return self.vblob + formatted + self.vblob_
+            # must be a number - we don't distinguish between float/int
+            return self.vnumber + formatted + self.vnumber_
+
+    # The colour definitions - the convention is the name to turn
+    # something on and the name with an underscore suffix to turn it
+    # off
+    d = _colourscheme(**dict([(v, "\x1b[" + str(n) + "m") for n, v in {
+        0: "reset",
+        1: "bold",
+        4: "underline",
+        22: "bold_",
+        24: "underline_",
+        7: "inverse",
+        27: "inverse_",
+        30: "fg_black",
+        31: "fg_red",
+        32: "fg_green",
+        33: "fg_yellow",
+        34: "fg_blue",
+        35: "fg_magenta",
+        36: "fg_cyan",
+        37: "fg_white",
+        39: "fg_",
+        40: "bg_black",
+        41: "bg_red",
+        42: "bg_green",
+        43: "bg_yellow",
+        44: "bg_blue",
+        45: "bg_magenta",
+        46: "bg_cyan",
+        47: "bg_white",
+        49: "bg_"
+    }.items()]))
+
+    _colours = {"off": _colourscheme(colour_value=lambda x, y: y)}
+
+    _colours["default"] = _colourscheme(prompt=d.bold,
+                                        prompt_=d.bold_,
+                                        error=d.fg_red + d.bold,
+                                        error_=d.bold_ + d.fg_,
+                                        intro=d.fg_blue + d.bold,
+                                        intro_=d.bold_ + d.fg_,
+                                        summary=d.fg_blue + d.bold,
+                                        summary_=d.bold_ + d.fg_,
+                                        header=d.underline,
+                                        header_=d.underline_,
+                                        vnull=d.fg_red,
+                                        vnull_=d.fg_,
+                                        vstring=d.fg_yellow,
+                                        vstring_=d.fg_,
+                                        vblob=d.fg_blue,
+                                        vblob_=d.fg_,
+                                        vnumber=d.fg_magenta,
+                                        vnumber_=d.fg_)
+    # unpollute namespace
+    del d
+    del _colourscheme
+    try:
+        del n
+        del x
+        del v
+    except:
+        pass
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    # Docstring must start on second line so dedenting works correctly
+    """
+    Call this to run the :ref:`interactive shell <shell>`.  It
+    automatically passes in sys.argv[1:] and exits Python when done.
+
+    """
+    try:
+        s = Shell()
+        _, _, cmds = s.process_args(sys.argv[1:])
+        if len(cmds) == 0:
+            s.cmdloop()
+    except:
+        v = sys.exc_info()[1]
+        if isinstance(v, SystemExit):
+            raise
+        if getattr(v, "_handle_exception_saw_this", False):
+            pass
+        else:
+            # Where did this exception come from?
+            import traceback
+            traceback.print_exc()
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw/speedtest.py python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw/speedtest.py
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw/speedtest.py	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw/speedtest.py	2022-10-18 09:40:42.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# See the accompanying LICENSE file.
+#
+# Do speed tests.  The tests try to correspond to
+# https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/fileview?f=sqlite/tool/mkspeedsql.tcl
+# Command line options etc were added later hence the
+# somewhat weird structuring.
+
+import sys
+import os
+import random
+import time
+import gc
+import optparse
+
+# Sigh
+try:
+    maxuni = 0x10ffff
+    chr(maxuni)
+except ValueError:
+    maxuni = 0xffff
+
+timerfn = time.process_time
+
+
+def doit():
+    random.seed(0)
+    options.tests = [t.strip() for t in options.tests.split(",")]
+
+    print("         Python", sys.executable, sys.version_info)
+    print("          Scale", options.scale)
+    print("       Database", options.database)
+    print("          Tests", ", ".join(options.tests))
+    print("     Iterations", options.iterations)
+    print("Statement Cache", options.scsize)
+
+    print("\n")
+    if options.apsw:
+        import apsw
+
+        print("    Testing with APSW file ", apsw.__file__)
+        print("              APSW version ", apsw.apswversion())
+        print("        SQLite lib version ", apsw.sqlitelibversion())
+        print("    SQLite headers version ", apsw.SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER, end="\n\n")
+
+        def apsw_setup(dbfile):
+            con = apsw.Connection(dbfile, statementcachesize=options.scsize)
+            con.createscalarfunction("number_name", number_name, 1)
+            return con
+
+    if options.sqlite3:
+        import sqlite3
+
+        print("Testing with sqlite3 file ", sqlite3.__file__)
+        print("          sqlite3 version ", sqlite3.version)
+        print("           SQLite version ", sqlite3.sqlite_version, end="\n\n")
+
+        def sqlite3_setup(dbfile):
+            con = sqlite3.connect(dbfile, isolation_level=None, cached_statements=options.scsize)
+            con.create_function("number_name", 1, number_name)
+            return con
+
+    ones = ("zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "eleven", "twelve",
+            "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen")
+    tens = ("", "ten", "twenty", "thirty", "forty", "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety")
+
+    others = ("thousand", "hundred", "zero")
+
+    def _number_name(n):
+        if n >= 1000:
+            txt = "%s %s" % (_number_name(int(n / 1000)), others[0])
+            n = n % 1000
+        else:
+            txt = ""
+
+        if n >= 100:
+            txt = txt + " " + ones[int(n / 100)] + " " + others[1]
+            n = n % 100
+
+        if n >= 20:
+            txt = txt + " " + tens[int(n / 10)]
+            n = n % 10
+
+        if n > 0:
+            txt = txt + " " + ones[n]
+
+        txt = txt.strip()
+
+        if txt == "":
+            txt = others[2]
+
+        return txt
+
+    def unicodify(text):
+        if options.unicode and len(text):
+            newt = []
+            c = options.unicode / 100.0
+            for t in text:
+                if random.random() > c:
+                    newt.append(t)
+                    continue
+                while True:
+                    t = random.randint(0xa1, maxuni)
+                    # we don't want the surrogate range or apostrophe
+                    if t < 0xd800 or t > 0xdfff: break
+                newt.append(chr(t))
+            text = "".join(newt)
+        return text
+
+    if options.unicode:
+        ones = tuple([unicodify(s) for s in ones])
+        tens = tuple([unicodify(s) for s in tens])
+        others = tuple([unicodify(s) for s in others])
+
+    def number_name(n):
+        text = _number_name(n)
+        if options.size:
+            text = text * int(random.randint(0, options.size) / len(text))
+        return text
+
+    def getlines(scale=50, bindings=False):
+        random.seed(0)
+
+        # RogerB added two pragmas so that only memory is used.  This means that the
+        # vagaries of disk access times don't alter the results
+
+        # database schema
+        for i in """PRAGMA page_size=1024;
+      PRAGMA cache_size=8192;
+      PRAGMA locking_mode=EXCLUSIVE;
+      PRAGMA journal_mode = OFF;
+      PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY;
+      CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER, b INTEGER, c TEXT);
+      CREATE TABLE t2(a INTEGER, b INTEGER, c TEXT);
+      CREATE INDEX i2a ON t2(a);
+      CREATE INDEX i2b ON t2(b);
+      SELECT name FROM sqlite_master ORDER BY 1""".split(";"):
+            yield (i, )
+
+        # 50,000 inserts on an unindexed table
+        yield ("BEGIN", )
+        for i in range(1, scale * 10000 + 1):
+            r = random.randint(0, 500000)
+            if bindings:
+                yield ("INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(:1, :2, number_name(:2))", (i, r))
+            else:
+                yield ("INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(%d, %d, '%s')" % (i, r, number_name(r)), )
+        yield ("COMMIT", )
+
+        # 50,000 inserts on an indexed table
+        t1c_list = []
+        yield ("BEGIN", )
+        for i in range(1, scale * 10000 + 1):
+            r = random.randint(0, 500000)
+            x = number_name(r)
+            t1c_list.append(x)
+            if bindings:
+                yield ("INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(:1, :2, number_name(:2))", (i, r))
+            else:
+                yield ("INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(%d, %d, '%s')" % (i, r, x), )
+        yield ("COMMIT", )
+
+        # 50 SELECTs on an integer comparison.  There is no index so
+        # a full table scan is required.
+        for i in range(scale):
+            yield ("SELECT count(*), avg(b) FROM t1 WHERE b>=%d AND b<%d" % (i * 100, (i + 10) * 100), )
+
+        # 50 SELECTs on an LIKE comparison.  There is no index so a full
+        # table scan is required.
+        for i in range(scale):
+            yield ("SELECT count(*), avg(b) FROM t1 WHERE c LIKE '%%%s%%'" % (number_name(i), ), )
+
+        # Create indices
+        yield ("BEGIN", )
+        for i in """CREATE INDEX i1a ON t1(a);
+                    CREATE INDEX i1b ON t1(b);
+                    CREATE INDEX i1c ON t1(c);""".split(";"):
+            yield (i, )
+        yield ("COMMIT", )
+
+        # 5000 SELECTs on an integer comparison where the integer is
+        # indexed.
+        for i in range(scale * 100):
+            yield ("SELECT count(*), avg(b) FROM t1 WHERE b>=%d AND b<%d" % (i * 100, (i + 10) * 100), )
+
+        # 100000 random SELECTs against rowid.
+        for i in range(1, scale * 2000 + 1):
+            yield ("SELECT c FROM t1 WHERE rowid=%d" % (1 + random.randint(0, 50000), ), )
+
+        # 100000 random SELECTs against a unique indexed column.
+        for i in range(1, scale * 2000 + 1):
+            yield ("SELECT c FROM t1 WHERE a=%d" % (1 + random.randint(0, 50000), ), )
+
+        # 50000 random SELECTs against an indexed column text column
+        for i in range(scale * 1000):
+            if bindings:
+                yield (
+                    "SELECT c FROM t1 WHERE c=?",
+                    (random.choice(t1c_list), ),
+                )
+            else:
+                yield ("SELECT c FROM t1 WHERE c='%s'" % (random.choice(t1c_list), ), )
+
+        # Vacuum
+        if options.database != ":memory:":
+            # opens a disk file
+            yield ("VACUUM", )
+
+        # 5000 updates of ranges where the field being compared is indexed.
+        yield ("BEGIN", )
+        for i in range(scale * 100):
+            yield ("UPDATE t1 SET b=b*2 WHERE a>=%d AND a<%d" % (i * 2, (i + 1) * 2), )
+        yield ("COMMIT", )
+
+        # 50000 single-row updates.  An index is used to find the row quickly.
+        yield ("BEGIN", )
+        for i in range(scale * 1000):
+            if bindings:
+                yield ("UPDATE t1 SET b=? WHERE a=%d" % (i, ), (random.randint(0, 500000), ))
+            else:
+                yield ("UPDATE t1 SET b=%d WHERE a=%d" % (random.randint(0, 500000), i), )
+        yield ("COMMIT", )
+
+        # 1 big text update that touches every row in the table.
+        yield ("UPDATE t1 SET c=a", )
+
+        # Many individual text updates.  Each row in the table is
+        # touched through an index.
+        yield ("BEGIN", )
+        for i in range(1, scale * 1000 + 1):
+            if bindings:
+                yield ("UPDATE t1 SET c=? WHERE a=%d" % (i, ), (number_name(random.randint(0, 500000)), ))
+            else:
+                yield ("UPDATE t1 SET c='%s' WHERE a=%d" % (number_name(random.randint(0, 500000)), i), )
+        yield ("COMMIT", )
+
+        # Delete all content in a table.
+        yield ("DELETE FROM t1", )
+
+        # Copy one table into another
+        yield ("INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM t2", )
+
+        # Delete all content in a table, one row at a time.
+        yield ("DELETE FROM t1 WHERE 1", )
+
+        # Refill the table yet again
+        yield ("INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM t2", )
+
+        # Drop the table and recreate it without its indices.
+        yield ("BEGIN", )
+        yield ("DROP TABLE t1", )
+        yield ("CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER, b INTEGER, c TEXT)", )
+        yield ("COMMIT", )
+
+        # Refill the table yet again.  This copy should be faster because
+        # there are no indices to deal with.
+        yield ("INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM t2", )
+
+        # The three following used "ORDER BY random()" but we can't do that
+        # as it causes each run to have different values, and hence different
+        # amounts of sorting that have to go on.  The "random()" has been
+        # replaced by "c", the column that has the stringified number
+
+        # Select 20000 rows from the table at random.
+        yield ("SELECT rowid FROM t1 ORDER BY c LIMIT %d" % (scale * 400, ), )
+
+        # Delete 20000 random rows from the table.
+        yield ("""  DELETE FROM t1 WHERE rowid IN
+                         (SELECT rowid FROM t1 ORDER BY c LIMIT %d)""" % (scale * 400, ), )
+
+        yield ("SELECT count(*) FROM t1", )
+
+        # Delete 20000 more rows at random from the table.
+        yield ("""DELETE FROM t1 WHERE rowid IN
+                     (SELECT rowid FROM t1 ORDER BY c LIMIT %d)""" % (scale * 400, ), )
+
+        yield ("SELECT count(*) FROM t1", )
+
+    # Do a correctness test first
+    if options.correctness:
+        print("Correctness test\n")
+        if 'bigstmt' in options.tests:
+            text = ";\n".join([x[0] for x in getlines(scale=1)]) + ";"
+        if 'statements' in options.tests:
+            withbindings = [line for line in getlines(scale=1, bindings=True)]
+        if 'statements_nobindings' in options.tests:
+            withoutbindings = [line for line in getlines(scale=1, bindings=False)]
+
+        res = {}
+        for driver in ('apsw', 'sqlite3'):
+            if not getattr(options, driver):
+                continue
+
+            for test in options.tests:
+                name = driver + "_" + test
+
+                print(name + '\t')
+                sys.stdout.flush()
+
+                if name == 'sqlite3_bigstmt':
+                    print('limited functionality (ignoring)\n')
+                    continue
+
+                con = locals().get(driver + "_setup")(":memory:")  # we always correctness test on memory
+
+                if test == 'bigstmt':
+                    cursor = con.cursor()
+                    if driver == 'apsw':
+                        func = cursor.execute
+                    else:
+                        func = cursor.executescript
+
+                    res[name] = [row for row in func(text)]
+                    print(str(len(res[name])) + "\n")
+                    continue
+
+                cursor = con.cursor()
+                if test == 'statements':
+                    sql = withbindings
+                elif test == 'statements_nobindings':
+                    sql = withoutbindings
+
+                l = []
+                for s in sql:
+                    for row in cursor.execute(*s):
+                        l.append(row)
+
+                res[name] = l
+                print(str(len(res[name])) + "\n")
+
+        # All elements of res should be identical
+        elements = sorted(res.keys())
+        for i in range(0, len(elements) - 1):
+            print("%s == %s %s\n" % (elements[i], elements[i + 1], res[elements[i]] == res[elements[i + 1]]))
+
+        del res
+    text = None
+    withbindings = None
+    withoutbindings = None
+
+    if options.dump_filename or "bigstmt" in options.tests:
+        text = ";\n".join([x[0] for x in getlines(scale=options.scale)]) + ";"  # sqlite3 requires final semicolon
+        if options.dump_filename:
+            open(options.dump_filename, "wt", encoding="utf8").write(text)
+            sys.exit(0)
+
+    if "statements" in options.tests:
+        withbindings = list(getlines(scale=options.scale, bindings=True))
+
+    if "statements_nobindings" in options.tests:
+        withoutbindings = list(getlines(scale=options.scale, bindings=False))
+
+    # Each test returns the amount of time taken.  Note that we include
+    # the close time as well.  Otherwise the numbers become a function of
+    # cache and other collection sizes as freeing members gets deferred to
+    # close time.
+
+    def apsw_bigstmt(con):
+        "APSW big statement"
+        try:
+            for row in con.execute(text):
+                pass
+        except:
+            import pdb
+            pdb.set_trace()
+            pass
+
+    def sqlite3_bigstmt(con):
+        "sqlite3 big statement"
+        for row in con.executescript(text):
+            pass
+
+    def apsw_statements(con, bindings=withbindings):
+        "APSW individual statements with bindings"
+        cursor = con.cursor()
+        for b in bindings:
+            for row in cursor.execute(*b):
+                pass
+
+    def sqlite3_statements(con, bindings=withbindings):
+        "sqlite3 individual statements with bindings"
+        cursor = con.cursor()
+        for b in bindings:
+            for row in cursor.execute(*b):
+                pass
+
+    def apsw_statements_nobindings(con):
+        "APSW individual statements without bindings"
+        return apsw_statements(con, withoutbindings)
+
+    def sqlite3_statements_nobindings(con):
+        "sqlite3 individual statements without bindings"
+        return sqlite3_statements(con, withoutbindings)
+
+    # Do the work
+    print("\nRunning tests - elapsed, CPU (results in seconds, lower is better)\n")
+
+    for i in range(options.iterations):
+        print("%d/%d" % (i + 1, options.iterations))
+        for test in options.tests:
+            # funky stuff is to alternate order each round
+            for driver in (("apsw", "sqlite3"), ("sqlite3", "apsw"))[i % 2]:
+                if getattr(options, driver):
+                    name = driver + "_" + test
+                    func = locals().get(name, None)
+                    if not func:
+                        sys.exit("No such test " + name + "\n")
+
+                    if os.path.exists(options.database):
+                        os.remove(options.database)
+                    print("\t" + func.__name__ + (" " * (40 - len(func.__name__))), end="")
+                    con = locals().get(driver + "_setup")(options.database)
+                    gc.collect(2)
+                    b4cpu = timerfn()
+                    b4 = time.time()
+                    func(con)
+                    con.close()  # see note above as to why we include this in the timing
+                    gc.collect(2)
+                    after = time.time()
+                    aftercpu = timerfn()
+                    print("%0.3f %0.3f" % (after - b4, aftercpu - b4cpu))
+
+
+parser = optparse.OptionParser()
+parser.add_option("--apsw", dest="apsw", action="store_true", default=False, help="Include apsw in testing (%default)")
+parser.add_option("--sqlite3", action="store_true", default=False, help="Include sqlite3 module in testing (%default)")
+parser.add_option("--correctness", dest="correctness", action="store_true", default=False, help="Do a correctness test")
+parser.add_option(
+    "--scale",
+    dest="scale",
+    type="int",
+    default=10,
+    help=
+    "How many statements to execute.  Each unit takes about 2 seconds per test on memory only databases. [Default %default]"
+)
+parser.add_option("--database", dest="database", default=":memory:", help="The database file to use [Default %default]")
+parser.add_option("--tests",
+                  dest="tests",
+                  default="bigstmt,statements,statements_nobindings",
+                  help="What tests to run [Default %default]")
+parser.add_option("--iterations",
+                  dest="iterations",
+                  default=4,
+                  type="int",
+                  metavar="N",
+                  help="How many times to run the tests [Default %default]")
+parser.add_option("--tests-detail",
+                  dest="tests_detail",
+                  default=False,
+                  action="store_true",
+                  help="Print details of what the tests do.  (Does not run the tests)")
+parser.add_option("--dump-sql",
+                  dest="dump_filename",
+                  metavar="FILENAME",
+                  help="Name of file to dump SQL to.  This is useful for feeding into the SQLite command line shell.")
+parser.add_option(
+    "--sc-size",
+    dest="scsize",
+    type="int",
+    default=100,
+    metavar="N",
+    help=
+    "Size of the statement cache. APSW will disable cache with value of zero.  sqlite3 ensures a minimum of 5 [Default %default]"
+)
+parser.add_option("--unicode",
+                  dest="unicode",
+                  type="int",
+                  default=0,
+                  help="Percentage of text that is non-ascii unicode characters [Default %default]")
+parser.add_option(
+    "--data-size",
+    dest="size",
+    type="int",
+    default=0,
+    metavar="SIZE",
+    help=
+    "Maximum size in characters of data items - keep this number small unless you are on 64 bits and have lots of memory with a small scale - you can easily consume multiple gigabytes [Default same as original TCL speedtest]"
+)
+
+tests_detail = """\
+bigstmt:
+
+  Supplies the SQL as a single string consisting of multiple
+  statements.  apsw handles this normally via cursor.execute while
+  sqlite3 requires that cursor.executescript is called.  The string
+  will be several kilobytes and with a factor of 50 will be in the
+  megabyte range.  This is the kind of query you would run if you were
+  restoring a database from a dump.  (Note that sqlite3 silently
+  ignores returned data which also makes it execute faster).
+
+statements:
+
+  Runs the SQL queries but uses bindings (? parameters). eg::
+
+    for i in range(3):
+       cursor.execute("insert into table foo values(?)", (i,))
+
+  This test has many hits of the statement cache.
+
+statements_nobindings:
+
+  Runs the SQL queries but doesn't use bindings. eg::
+
+    cursor.execute("insert into table foo values(0)")
+    cursor.execute("insert into table foo values(1)")
+    cursor.execute("insert into table foo values(2)")
+
+  This test has no statement cache hits and shows the overhead of
+       having a statement cache.
+
+  In theory all the tests above should run in almost identical time
+  as well as when using the SQLite command line shell.  This tool
+  shows you what happens in practise.
+    \n"""
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    options, args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if len(args):
+        parser.error("Unexpected arguments " + str(args))
+
+    if options.tests_detail:
+        print(tests_detail)
+        sys.exit(0)
+
+    if not options.apsw and not options.sqlite3 and not options.dump_filename:
+        parser.error("You should select at least one of --apsw or --sqlite3")
+
+    doit()
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw/tests.py python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw/tests.py
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw/tests.py	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw/tests.py	2022-11-10 13:54:02.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,9262 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# See the accompanying LICENSE file.
+
+import apsw
+import apsw.shell
+import sys
+import os
+import warnings
+import platform
+import typing
+
+
+def print_version_info():
+    print("                Python ", sys.executable, sys.version_info)
+    print("Testing with APSW file ", apsw.__file__)
+    print("          APSW version ", apsw.apswversion())
+    print("    SQLite lib version ", apsw.sqlitelibversion())
+    print("SQLite headers version ", apsw.SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER)
+    print("    Using amalgamation ", apsw.using_amalgamation)
+
+
+# sigh
+iswindows = sys.platform in ('win32', )
+
+# prefix for test files (eg if you want it on tmpfs)
+TESTFILEPREFIX = os.environ.get("APSWTESTPREFIX", "")
+
+
+def read_whole_file(name, mode, encoding=None):
+    if "t" in mode and not encoding:
+        encoding = "utf8"
+    if encoding:
+        f = open(name, mode, encoding=encoding)
+    else:
+        f = open(name, mode)
+    try:
+        return f.read()
+    finally:
+        f.close()
+
+
+# If two is present then one is encoding
+def write_whole_file(name, mode, data, *, encoding=None):
+    if "t" in mode and not encoding:
+        encoding = "utf8"
+    if encoding:
+        f = open(name, mode, encoding=encoding)
+    else:
+        f = open(name, mode)
+    try:
+        f.write(data)
+    finally:
+        f.close()
+
+
+# unittest stuff from here on
+
+import unittest
+import math
+import random
+import time
+import threading
+import glob
+import pickle
+import shutil
+import getpass
+import queue
+import traceback
+import re
+import gc
+try:
+    import ctypes
+    import _ctypes
+except:
+    ctypes = None
+    _ctypes = None
+
+# yay
+is64bit = ctypes and ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_size_t) >= 8
+
+# Make next switch between the iterator and fetchone alternately
+_realnext = next
+_nextcounter = 0
+
+
+def next(cursor, *args):
+    global _nextcounter
+    _nextcounter += 1
+    if _nextcounter % 2:
+        return _realnext(cursor, *args)
+    res = cursor.fetchone()
+    if res is None:
+        if args:
+            return args[0]
+        return None
+    return res
+
+
+# py3 has a useless sys.excepthook mainly to avoid allocating any
+# memory as the exception could have been running out of memory.  So
+# we use our own which is also valuable on py2 as it says it is an
+# unraiseable exception (with testcode you sometimes can't tell if it
+# is unittest showing you an exception or the unraiseable).  It is
+# mainly VFS code that needs to raise these.
+def ehook(etype, evalue, etraceback):
+    sys.stderr.write("Unraiseable exception " + str(etype) + ":" + str(evalue) + "\n")
+    traceback.print_tb(etraceback)
+
+
+sys.excepthook = ehook
+
+
+# helper functions
+def randomintegers(howmany):
+    for i in range(howmany):
+        yield (random.randint(0, 9999999999), )
+
+
+def randomstring(length):
+    l = list("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789")
+    while len(l) < length:
+        l.extend(l)
+    l = l[:length]
+    random.shuffle(l)
+    return "".join(l)
+
+
+# An instance of this class is used to get the -1 return value to the
+# C api PyObject_IsTrue
+class BadIsTrue(int):
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        1 / 0
+
+
+# helper class - runs code in a separate thread
+class ThreadRunner(threading.Thread):
+
+    def __init__(self, callable, *args, **kwargs):
+        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
+        self.daemon - True
+        self.callable = callable
+        self.args = args
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        self.q = queue.Queue()
+        self.started = False
+
+    def start(self):
+        if not self.started:
+            self.started = True
+            threading.Thread.start(self)
+
+    def go(self):
+        self.start()
+        t, res = self.q.get()
+        if t:  # result
+            return res
+        else:  # exception
+            raise res[1].with_traceback(res[2])
+
+    def run(self):
+        try:
+            self.q.put((True, self.callable(*self.args, **self.kwargs)))
+        except:
+            self.q.put((False, sys.exc_info()))
+
+
+# Windows doesn't allow files that are open to be deleted.  Even after
+# we close them, tagalongs such as virus scanners, tortoisesvn etc can
+# keep them open.  But the good news is that we can rename a file that
+# is in use.  This background thread does the background deletions of the
+# renamed files
+def bgdel():
+    q = bgdelq
+    while True:
+        name = q.get()
+        while os.path.exists(name):
+            try:
+                if os.path.isfile(name):
+                    os.remove(name)
+                else:
+                    shutil.rmtree(name)
+            except:
+                pass
+            if os.path.exists(name):
+                time.sleep(0.1)
+
+
+bgdelq = queue.Queue()
+bgdelthread = threading.Thread(target=bgdel)
+bgdelthread.daemon = True
+bgdelthread.start()
+
+
+def deletefile(name):
+    try:
+        os.remove(name)
+    except:
+        pass
+    l = list("abcdefghijklmn")
+    random.shuffle(l)
+    newname = name + "-n-" + "".join(l)
+    count = 0
+    while os.path.exists(name):
+        count += 1
+        try:
+            os.rename(name, newname)
+        except:
+            if count > 30:  # 3 seconds we have been at this!
+                # So give up and give it a stupid name.  The sooner
+                # this so called operating system withers into obscurity
+                # the better
+                n = list("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")
+                random.shuffle(n)
+                n = "".join(n)
+                try:
+                    os.rename(name, "windowssucks-" + n + ".deletememanually")
+                except:
+                    pass
+                break
+            # Make windows happy
+            time.sleep(0.1)
+            gc.collect()
+    if os.path.exists(newname):
+        bgdelq.put(newname)
+        # Give bg thread a chance to run
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+
+
+# Monkey patching FTW
+if not hasattr(unittest.TestCase, "assertTrue"):
+    unittest.TestCase.assertTrue = unittest.TestCase.assert_
+
+openflags = apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_URI
+
+
+# main test class/code
+class APSW(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    connection_nargs={ # number of args for function.  those not listed take zero
+        'createaggregatefunction': 2,
+        'createcollation': 2,
+        'createscalarfunction': 3,
+        'collationneeded': 1,
+        'setauthorizer': 1,
+        'setbusyhandler': 1,
+        'setbusytimeout': 1,
+        'setcommithook': 1,
+        'setprofile': 1,
+        'setrollbackhook': 1,
+        'setupdatehook': 1,
+        'setprogresshandler': 2,
+        'enableloadextension': 1,
+        'createmodule': 2,
+        'filecontrol': 3,
+        'setexectrace': 1,
+        'setrowtrace': 1,
+        '__enter__': 0,
+        '__exit__': 3,
+        'backup': 3,
+        'wal_autocheckpoint': 1,
+        'setwalhook': 1,
+        'readonly': 1,
+        'db_filename': 1,
+        'set_last_insert_rowid': 1,
+        'serialize': 1,
+        'deserialize': 2,
+        'autovacuum_pages': 1,
+        }
+
+    cursor_nargs = {
+        'execute': 1,
+        'executemany': 2,
+        'setexectrace': 1,
+        'setrowtrace': 1,
+    }
+
+    blob_nargs = {'write': 1, 'read': 1, 'readinto': 1, 'reopen': 1, 'seek': 2}
+
+    def deltempfiles(self):
+        for name in ("testdb", "testdb2", "testdb3", "testfile", "testfile2", "testdb2x", "test-shell-1",
+                     "test-shell-1.py", "test-shell-in", "test-shell-out", "test-shell-err"):
+            for i in "-shm", "-wal", "-journal", "":
+                if os.path.exists(TESTFILEPREFIX + name + i):
+                    deletefile(TESTFILEPREFIX + name + i)
+
+    saved_connection_hooks = []
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # clean out database and journals from last runs
+        self.saved_connection_hooks.append(apsw.connection_hooks)
+        gc.collect()
+        self.deltempfiles()
+        self.db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", flags=openflags)
+        self.warnings_filters = warnings.filters
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        if self.db is not None:
+            self.db.close(True)
+        del self.db
+        apsw.connection_hooks = self.saved_connection_hooks.pop()  # back to original value
+        gc.collect()
+        self.deltempfiles()
+        warnings.filters = self.warnings_filters
+        getattr(warnings, "_filters_mutated", lambda: True)()
+
+    def suppressWarning(self, name):
+        if hasattr(__builtins__, name):
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", getattr(__builtins__, name))
+
+    def assertRaisesRegexCompat(self, etype, pattern, func, *args):
+        self.assertRaises(etype, func)
+
+    def assertTableExists(self, tablename):
+        self.assertEqual(next(self.db.cursor().execute("select count(*) from [" + tablename + "]"))[0], 0)
+
+    def assertTableNotExists(self, tablename):
+        # you get SQLError if the table doesn't exist!
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.db.cursor().execute, "select count(*) from [" + tablename + "]")
+
+    def assertTablesEqual(self, dbl, left, dbr, right):
+        # Ensure tables have the same contents.  Rowids can be
+        # different and select gives unordered results so this is
+        # quite challenging
+        l = dbl.cursor()
+        r = dbr.cursor()
+        # check same number of rows
+        lcount = l.execute("select count(*) from [" + left + "]").fetchall()[0][0]
+        rcount = r.execute("select count(*) from [" + right + "]").fetchall()[0][0]
+        self.assertEqual(lcount, rcount)
+        # check same number and names and order for columns
+        lnames = [row[1] for row in l.execute("pragma table_info([" + left + "])")]
+        rnames = [row[1] for row in r.execute("pragma table_info([" + left + "])")]
+        self.assertEqual(lnames, rnames)
+        # read in contents, sort and compare
+        lcontents = l.execute("select * from [" + left + "]").fetchall()
+        rcontents = r.execute("select * from [" + right + "]").fetchall()
+        lcontents.sort(key=lambda x: repr(x))
+        rcontents.sort(key=lambda x: repr(x))
+        self.assertEqual(lcontents, rcontents)
+
+    def assertRaisesUnraisable(self, exc, func, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.baseAssertRaisesUnraisable(True, exc, func, args, kwargs)
+
+    def assertMayRaiseUnraisable(self, exc, func, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Like assertRaisesUnraiseable but no exception may be raised.
+
+        If one is raised, it must have the expected type.
+        """
+        return self.baseAssertRaisesUnraisable(False, exc, func, args, kwargs)
+
+    def baseAssertRaisesUnraisable(self, must_raise, exc, func, args, kwargs):
+        orig = sys.excepthook, getattr(sys, "unraisablehook", None)
+        try:
+            called = []
+
+            def ehook(*args):
+                if len(args) == 1:
+                    t = args[0].exc_type
+                    v = args[0].exc_value
+                    tb = args[0].exc_traceback
+                else:
+                    t, v, tb = args
+                called.append((t, v, tb))
+
+            sys.excepthook = sys.unraisablehook = ehook
+
+            try:
+                try:
+                    return func(*args, **kwargs)
+                except:
+                    # This ensures frames have their local variables
+                    # cleared before we put the original excepthook
+                    # back.  Clearing the variables results in some
+                    # more SQLite operations which also can raise
+                    # unraisables.  traceback.clear_frames was
+                    # introduced in Python 3.4 and unittest was
+                    # updated to call it in assertRaises.  See issue
+                    # 164
+                    if hasattr(traceback, "clear_frames"):
+                        traceback.clear_frames(sys.exc_info()[2])
+                    raise
+            finally:
+                if must_raise and len(called) < 1:
+                    self.fail("Call %s(*%s, **%s) did not do any unraiseable" % (func, args, kwargs))
+                if len(called):
+                    self.assertEqual(exc, called[0][0])  # check it was the correct type
+        finally:
+            sys.excepthook, sys.unraisablehook = orig
+
+    def testSanity(self):
+        "Check all parts compiled and are present"
+        # check some error codes etc are present - picked first middle and last from lists in code
+        apsw.SQLError
+        apsw.MisuseError
+        apsw.NotADBError
+        apsw.ThreadingViolationError
+        apsw.BindingsError
+        apsw.ExecTraceAbort
+        apsw.SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT
+        apsw.mapping_file_control["SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT"] == apsw.SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT
+        apsw.URIFilename
+        apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE  # ticket 289
+        self.assertTrue(len(apsw.sqlite3_sourceid()) > 10)
+
+    def testModuleExposed(self):
+        "Check what is exposed and usage"
+        for name in "Connection", "Cursor", "Blob", "Backup", "zeroblob", "VFS", "VFSFile", "URIFilename":
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(apsw, name), "expected name apsw." + name)
+
+        for name in "Blob", "Backup":
+            self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "cannot create .* instances", getattr(apsw, name))
+
+    def testConnection(self):
+        "Test connection opening"
+        # bad keyword arg
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.Connection, ":memory:", user="nobody")
+        # wrong types
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.Connection, 3)
+        # bad file (cwd)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.CantOpenError, apsw.Connection, ".")
+        # bad open flags can't be tested as sqlite accepts them all - ticket #3037
+        # self.assertRaises(apsw.CantOpenError, apsw.Connection, "<non-existent-file>", flags=65535)
+
+        # bad vfs
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.Connection, "foo", vfs=3, flags=-1)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, apsw.Connection, "foo", vfs="jhjkds")
+
+    def testConnectionFileControl(self):
+        "Verify sqlite3_file_control"
+        # Note that testVFS deals with success cases and the actual vfs backend
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.filecontrol, 1, 2)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.filecontrol, "main", 1001, "foo")
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, self.db.filecontrol, "main", 1001, 45236748972389749283)
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.filecontrol("main", 1001, 25), False)
+
+    def testConnectionConfig(self):
+        "Test Connection.config function"
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.config)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.config, "three")
+        x = 0x7fffffff
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, self.db.config, x * x * x * x * x)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.db.config, 82397)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.config, apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY, "banana")
+        for i in apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY, apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER, apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG:
+            self.assertEqual(1, self.db.config(i, 1))
+            self.assertEqual(1, self.db.config(i, -1))
+            self.assertEqual(0, self.db.config(i, 0))
+
+    def testConnectionNames(self):
+        "Test Connection.db_names"
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.db_names, 3)
+        expected = ["main", "temp"]
+        self.assertEqual(expected, self.db.db_names())
+        for t in "", APSW.wikipedia_text:
+            self.db.cursor().execute(f"attach '{ self.db.db_filename('main') }' as '{ t }'")
+            expected.append(t)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, self.db.db_names())
+        while True:
+            t = f"{ expected[-1] }-{ len(expected) }"
+            try:
+                self.db.cursor().execute(f"attach '{ self.db.db_filename('main') }' as '{ t }'")
+            except apsw.SQLError:
+                # SQLError: too many attached databases - max ....
+                break
+            expected.append(t)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, self.db.db_names())
+        while len(expected) > 2:
+            i = random.randint(2, len(expected) - 1)
+            self.db.cursor().execute(f"detach '{ expected[i] }'")
+            del expected[i]
+            self.assertEqual(expected, self.db.db_names())
+
+    def testBackwardsCompatibility(self):
+        "Verifies changed names etc are still accessible through the old ones"
+        # depends on pep562 which is python 3.7 onwards
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 7):
+            self.assertIs(apsw.main, apsw.shell.main)
+            self.assertIs(apsw.Shell, apsw.shell.Shell)
+
+    def testCursorFactory(self):
+        "Test Connection.cursor_factory"
+        seqbindings = ((3, ), ) * 3
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.cursor_factory, apsw.Cursor)
+        for not_callable in (None, apsw, 3):
+            try:
+                self.db.cursor_factory = not_callable
+                1 / 0
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+
+        def error():
+            1 / 0
+
+        self.db.cursor_factory = error
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.execute, "select 3")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.executemany, "select 3", seqbindings)
+
+        def error(_):
+            return 3
+
+        self.db.cursor_factory = error
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.execute, "select 3")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.executemany, "select 3")
+
+        class error:
+
+            def __init__(self, _):
+                pass
+
+        self.db.cursor_factory = error
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, self.db.execute, "select 3")
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, self.db.executemany, "select ?", seqbindings)
+
+        class inherits(apsw.Cursor):
+            pass
+
+        self.db.cursor_factory = inherits
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.execute("select 3").fetchall(), self.db.cursor().execute("select 3").fetchall())
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.db.executemany("select ?", seqbindings).fetchall(),
+            self.db.cursor().executemany("select ?", seqbindings).fetchall())
+        # kwargs
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.db.execute(bindings=tuple(), statements="select 3").fetchall(),
+            self.db.cursor().execute(bindings=None, statements="select 3").fetchall())
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.db.executemany(sequenceofbindings=seqbindings, statements="select ?").fetchall(),
+            self.db.cursor().executemany(statements="select ?", sequenceofbindings=seqbindings).fetchall())
+
+        # check cursor_factory across closes
+        class big:
+            # make the class consume some memory
+            memory = b"12345678" * 4096
+
+        db2 = apsw.Connection("")
+        self.assertEqual(db2.cursor_factory, apsw.Cursor)
+        db2.cursor_factory = big
+        self.assertEqual(db2.cursor_factory, big)
+        db2.close()
+        # factory becomes None when closing
+        self.assertIsNone(db2.cursor_factory)
+        # if this leaks it will show up in memory reports
+        db2.cursor_factory = big
+        del big
+
+    def testMemoryLeaks(self):
+        "MemoryLeaks: Run with a memory profiler such as valgrind and debug Python"
+        # make and toss away a bunch of db objects, cursors, functions etc - if you use memory profiling then
+        # simple memory leaks will show up
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table foo(x)")
+        vals = [[1], [None], [math.pi], ["kjkljkljl"], [u"\u1234\u345432432423423kjgjklhdfgkjhsdfjkghdfjskh"],
+                [b"78696ghgjhgjhkgjkhgjhg\xfe\xdf"]]
+        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", vals)
+        for i in range(MEMLEAKITERATIONS):
+            db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+            db.createaggregatefunction("aggfunc", lambda x: x)
+            db.createscalarfunction("scalarfunc", lambda x: x)
+            db.setbusyhandler(lambda x: False)
+            db.setbusytimeout(1000)
+            db.setcommithook(lambda x=1: 0)
+            db.setrollbackhook(lambda x=2: 1)
+            db.setupdatehook(lambda x=3: 2)
+            db.setwalhook(lambda *args: 0)
+            db.collationneeded(lambda x: 4)
+
+            def rt1(c, r):
+                db.setrowtrace(rt2)
+                return r
+
+            def rt2(c, r):
+                c.setrowtrace(rt1)
+                return r
+
+            def et1(c, s, b):
+                db.setexectrace(et2)
+                return True
+
+            def et2(c, s, b):
+                c.setexectrace(et1)
+                return True
+
+            for i in range(120):
+                c2 = db.cursor()
+                c2.setrowtrace(rt1)
+                c2.setexectrace(et1)
+                for row in c2.execute("select * from foo" + " " * i):  # spaces on end defeat statement cache
+                    pass
+            del c2
+            db.close()
+
+    def testBindings(self):
+        "Check bindings work correctly"
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table foo(x,y,z)")
+        vals = (
+            ("(?,?,?)", (1, 2, 3)),
+            ("(?,?,?)", [1, 2, 3]),
+            ("(?,?,?)", range(1, 4)),
+            ("(:a,$b,:c)", {
+                'a': 1,
+                'b': 2,
+                'c': 3
+            }),
+            ("(1,?,3)", (2, )),
+            ("(1,$a,$c)", {
+                'a': 2,
+                'b': 99,
+                'c': 3
+            }),
+            # some unicode fun
+            (u"($\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX},:\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE},$\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS})",
+             (1, 2, 3)),
+            (u"($\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX},:\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE},$\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS})",
+             {
+                 u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX}": 1,
+                 u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE}": 2,
+                 u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS}": 3,
+             }))
+
+        for str, bindings in vals:
+            c.execute("insert into foo values" + str, bindings)
+            self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select * from foo")), (1, 2, 3))
+            c.execute("delete from foo")
+
+        # currently missing dict keys come out as null
+        c.execute("insert into foo values(:a,:b,$c)", {'a': 1, 'c': 3})  # 'b' deliberately missing
+        self.assertEqual((1, None, 3), next(c.execute("select * from foo")))
+        c.execute("delete from foo")
+
+        # these ones should cause errors
+        vals = (
+            (apsw.BindingsError, "(?,?,?)", (1, 2)),  # too few
+            (apsw.BindingsError, "(?,?,?)", (1, 2, 3, 4)),  # too many
+            (apsw.BindingsError, "(?,?,?)", None),  # none at all
+            (apsw.BindingsError, "(?,?,?)", {
+                'a': 1
+            }),  # ? type, dict bindings (note that the reverse will work since all
+            # named bindings are also implicitly numbered
+            (TypeError, "(?,?,?)", 2),  # not a dict or sequence
+            (TypeError, "(:a,:b,:c)", {
+                'a': 1,
+                'b': 2,
+                'c': self
+            }),  # bad type for c
+        )
+        for exc, str, bindings in vals:
+            self.assertRaises(exc, c.execute, "insert into foo values" + str, bindings)
+
+        # with multiple statements
+        c.execute("insert into foo values(?,?,?); insert into foo values(?,?,?)", (99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104))
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.BindingsError, c.execute,
+                          "insert into foo values(?,?,?); insert into foo values(?,?,?); insert some more",
+                          (100, 100, 101, 1000, 103))  # too few
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.BindingsError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(?,?,?); insert into foo values(?,?,?)",
+                          (101, 100, 101, 1000, 103, 104, 105))  # too many
+        # check the relevant statements did or didn't execute as appropriate
+        self.assertEqual(next(self.db.cursor().execute("select count(*) from foo where x=99"))[0], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(next(self.db.cursor().execute("select count(*) from foo where x=102"))[0], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(next(self.db.cursor().execute("select count(*) from foo where x=100"))[0], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(next(self.db.cursor().execute("select count(*) from foo where x=1000"))[0], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(next(self.db.cursor().execute("select count(*) from foo where x=101"))[0], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(next(self.db.cursor().execute("select count(*) from foo where x=105"))[0], 0)
+
+        # check there are some bindings!
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.BindingsError, c.execute, "create table bar(x,y,z);insert into bar values(?,?,?)")
+
+        # across executemany
+        vals = ((1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9))
+        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?,?,?);", vals)
+        for x, y, z in vals:
+            self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select * from foo where x=?", (x, ))), (x, y, z))
+
+        # with an iterator
+        def myvals():
+            for i in range(10):
+                yield {'a': i, 'b': i * 10, 'c': i * 100}
+
+        c.execute("delete from foo")
+        c.executemany("insert into foo values($a,:b,$c)", myvals())
+        c.execute("delete from foo")
+
+        # errors for executemany
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.executemany, "statement", 12, 34, 56)  # incorrect num params
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.executemany, "statement", 12)  # wrong type
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, c.executemany, "syntax error", [(1, )])  # error in prepare
+
+        def myiter():
+            yield 1 / 0
+
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.executemany, "statement", myiter())  # immediate error in iterator
+
+        def myiter():
+            yield self
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.executemany, "statement", myiter())  # immediate bad type
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.executemany, "select ?", ((self, ), (1)))  # bad val
+        c.executemany("statement", ())  # empty sequence
+
+        # error in iterator after a while
+        def myvals():
+            for i in range(2):
+                yield {'a': i, 'b': i * 10, 'c': i * 100}
+            1 / 0
+
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.executemany, "insert into foo values($a,:b,$c)", myvals())
+        self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select count(*) from foo"))[0], 2)
+        c.execute("delete from foo")
+
+        # return bad type from iterator after a while
+        def myvals():
+            for i in range(2):
+                yield {'a': i, 'b': i * 10, 'c': i * 100}
+            yield self
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.executemany, "insert into foo values($a,:b,$c)", myvals())
+        self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select count(*) from foo"))[0], 2)
+        c.execute("delete from foo")
+
+        # some errors in executemany
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.BindingsError, c.executemany, "insert into foo values(?,?,?)", ((1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 3, 4)))
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.BindingsError, c.executemany, "insert into foo values(?,?,?)", ((1, 2, 3), (1, 2)))
+
+        # incomplete execution across executemany
+        c.executemany("select * from foo; select ?", ((1, ), (2, )))  # we don't read
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.IncompleteExecutionError, c.executemany, "begin")
+
+        # set type (pysqlite error with this)
+        c.execute("create table xxset(x,y,z)")
+        c.execute("insert into xxset values(?,?,?)", set((1, 2, 3)))
+        c.executemany("insert into xxset values(?,?,?)", (set((4, 5, 6)), ))
+        result = [(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6)]
+        for i, v in enumerate(c.execute("select * from xxset order by x")):
+            self.assertEqual(v, result[i])
+
+    def testCursor(self):
+        "Check functionality of the cursor"
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        # shouldn't be able to manually create
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.Cursor)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.Cursor, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.Cursor, c)
+
+        class consub(apsw.Connection):
+            pass
+
+        con2 = consub("")
+        assert isinstance(con2, apsw.Connection) and not type(con2) == apsw.Connection
+        apsw.Cursor(con2)
+
+        # give bad params
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "foo", "bar", "bam")
+
+        # empty statements
+        c.execute("")
+        c.execute(" ;\n\t\r;;")
+
+        # unicode
+        self.assertEqual(3, next(c.execute(u"select 3"))[0])
+
+        # does it work?
+        c.execute("create table foo(x,y,z)")
+        # table should be empty
+        entry = -1
+        for entry, values in enumerate(c.execute("select * from foo")):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(entry, -1, "No rows should have been returned")
+        # add ten rows
+        for i in range(10):
+            c.execute("insert into foo values(1,2,3)")
+        for entry, values in enumerate(c.execute("select * from foo")):
+            # check we get back out what we put in
+            self.assertEqual(values, (1, 2, 3))
+        self.assertEqual(entry, 9, "There should have been ten rows")
+        # does getconnection return the right object
+        self.assertIs(c.getconnection(), self.db)
+        self.assertIs(c.connection, self.db)
+        self.assertIs(c.connection, c.getconnection())
+        # check getdescription - note column with space in name and [] syntax to quote it
+        cols = (
+            ("x a space", "INTEGER"),
+            ("y", "TEXT"),
+            ("z", "foo"),
+            ("a", "char"),
+            (u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX}\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE}",
+             u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS}\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX}"),
+        )
+        c.execute("drop table foo; create table foo (%s)" % (", ".join(["[%s] %s" % (n, t) for n, t in cols]), ))
+        c.execute("insert into foo([x a space]) values(1)")
+        c.execute(
+            "create temp table two(fred banana); insert into two values(7); create temp view three as select fred as [a space] from two"
+        )
+        c.execute("select 3") # see issue #370
+        has_full = any(o == "ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA" or o.startswith("ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA=")
+                       for o in apsw.compile_options) if apsw.using_amalgamation else hasattr(c, "description_full")
+        for row in c.execute("select * from foo"):
+            self.assertEqual(cols, c.getdescription())
+            self.assertEqual(has_full, hasattr(c, "description_full"))
+            self.assertEqual(cols, tuple([d[:2] for d in c.description]))
+            self.assertEqual((None, None, None, None, None), c.description[0][2:])
+            self.assertEqual(list(map(len, c.description)), [7] * len(cols))
+        if has_full:
+            for row in c.execute("select * from foo join three"):
+                self.assertEqual(c.description_full,
+                                 (('x a space', 'INTEGER', 'main', 'foo', 'x a space'),
+                                  ('y', 'TEXT', 'main', 'foo', 'y'), ('z', 'foo', 'main', 'foo', 'z'),
+                                  ('a', 'char', 'main', 'foo', 'a'), ('êã', 'öû', 'main', 'foo', 'êã'),
+                                  ('a space', 'banana', 'temp', 'two', 'fred')))
+        # check description caching isn't broken
+        cols2 = cols[1:4]
+        for row in c.execute("select y,z,a from foo"):
+            self.assertEqual(cols2, c.getdescription())
+            self.assertEqual(cols2, tuple([d[:2] for d in c.description]))
+            self.assertEqual((None, None, None, None, None), c.description[0][2:])
+            self.assertEqual(list(map(len, c.description)), [7] * len(cols2))
+        # execution is complete ...
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.ExecutionCompleteError, c.getdescription)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.ExecutionCompleteError, lambda: c.description)
+        if has_full:
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExecutionCompleteError, lambda: c.description_full)
+        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, lambda xx=0: _realnext(c))
+        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, lambda xx=0: _realnext(c))
+        # fetchone is used throughout, check end behaviour
+        self.assertEqual(None, c.fetchone())
+        self.assertEqual(None, c.fetchone())
+        self.assertEqual(None, c.fetchone())
+        # nulls for getdescription
+        for row in c.execute("pragma user_version"):
+            self.assertEqual(c.getdescription(), (('user_version', None), ))
+        # incomplete
+        c.execute("select * from foo; create table bar(x)")  # we don't bother reading leaving
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.IncompleteExecutionError, c.execute, "select * from foo")  # execution incomplete
+        self.assertTableNotExists("bar")
+        # autocommit
+        self.assertEqual(True, self.db.getautocommit())
+        c.execute("begin immediate")
+        self.assertEqual(False, self.db.getautocommit())
+        # pragma
+        c.execute("pragma user_version")
+        c.execute("pragma pure=nonsense")
+        # error
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, c.execute,
+                          "create table bar(x,y,z); this is a syntax error; create table bam(x,y,z)")
+        self.assertTableExists("bar")
+        self.assertTableNotExists("bam")
+        # fetchall
+        self.assertEqual(c.fetchall(), [])
+        self.assertEqual(c.execute("select 3; select 4").fetchall(), [(3, ), (4, )])
+        # readonly, explain & expanded_sql attributes
+        res = None
+        def tracer(cur, query, bindings):
+            nonlocal res
+            res = {"cursor": cur, "query": query, "bindings": bindings, "readonly": cur.is_readonly, "explain": cur.is_explain}
+            return True
+        self.assertIsNone(c.exectrace)
+        c.setexectrace(tracer)
+        self.assertIs(c.exectrace, tracer)
+        c.execute("pragma user_version")
+        self.assertIs(res["cursor"], c)
+        self.assertTrue(res["readonly"])
+        self.assertEqual(res["explain"], 0)
+        c.execute("explain pragma user_version")
+        self.assertEqual(res["explain"], 1)
+        c.execute("explain query plan select 3")
+        self.assertEqual(res["explain"], 2)
+        c.execute("pragma user_version=42")
+        self.assertFalse(res["readonly"])
+        biggy="9" * 24 * 1024
+        ran = False
+        for row in c.execute("select ?,?", (biggy, biggy)):
+            ran = True
+            self.assertEqual(f"select '{ biggy }','{ biggy }'", c.expanded_sql)
+            existing = self.db.limit(apsw.SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH, 25 * 1024)
+            self.assertIsNone(c.expanded_sql)
+            self.db.limit(apsw.SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH, existing)
+        self.assertTrue(ran)
+        # keyword args
+        c.execute("pragma user_version=73", bindings=None, can_cache=False, prepare_flags=0).fetchall()
+        c.executemany(statements="select ?", sequenceofbindings=((1,), (2,)), can_cache=False, prepare_flags=0).fetchall()
+
+    def testIssue373(self):
+        "issue 373: dict type checking in bindings"
+        import collections.abc
+
+        class not_a_dict:
+            pass
+
+        class dict_lookalike(collections.abc.Mapping):
+            def __getitem__(self, _):
+                return 99
+
+            def __iter__(*args):
+                raise NotImplementedError
+
+            def __len__(*args):
+                raise NotImplementedError
+
+        class errors_be_here:
+            def __instancecheck__(self, _):
+                1/0
+            def __subclasscheck__(self, _):
+                1/0
+
+        class dict_with_error:
+            def __getitem__(self, _):
+                1/0
+
+        collections.abc.Mapping.register(dict_with_error)
+
+        class coerced_to_list:
+            # this is not registered as dict, and instead PySequence_Fast will
+            # turn it into a list calling the method for each key
+            def __getitem__(self, key):
+                if key < 10:
+                    return key
+                1/0
+
+        class dict_subclass(dict):
+            pass
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.execute, "select :name", not_a_dict())
+        self.assertEqual([(99,)], self.db.execute("select :name", dict_lookalike()).fetchall())
+        # make sure these aren't detected as dict
+        for thing in (1,), {1}, [1]:
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.execute("select :name", thing))
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.execute, "select :name", errors_be_here())
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.db.execute, "select :name", dict_with_error())
+        self.assertEqual([(None,)], self.db.execute("select :name", {}).fetchall())
+        self.assertEqual([(None,)], self.db.execute("select :name", dict_subclass()).fetchall())
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.db.execute, "select ?", coerced_to_list())
+
+        # same tests with executemany
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.executemany, "select :name", (not_a_dict(),))
+        self.assertEqual([(99,)], self.db.executemany("select :name", [dict_lookalike()]).fetchall())
+        # make sure these aren't detected as dict
+        for thing in (1,), {1}, [1]:
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.executemany("select :name", [thing]))
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.executemany, "select :name", errors_be_here())
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.db.executemany, "select :name", dict_with_error())
+        self.assertEqual([(None,)], self.db.executemany("select :name", ({},)).fetchall())
+        self.assertEqual([(None,)], self.db.executemany("select :name", [dict_subclass()]).fetchall())
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.db.executemany, "select ?", (coerced_to_list(),))
+
+    def testIssue376(self):
+        "Whitespace treated as incomplete execution"
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        for statement in (
+            "select 3",
+            "select 3;",
+            "select 3; ",
+            "select 3; ;\t\r\n; ",
+        ):
+            c.execute(statement)
+            # should not throw incomplete
+            c.execute("select 4")
+            self.assertEqual([(3,), (4,)], c.execute(statement + "; select 4").fetchall())
+
+
+    def testTypes(self):
+        "Check type information is maintained"
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table foo(row,x)")
+
+        vals = test_types_vals
+
+        for i, v in enumerate(vals):
+            c.execute("insert into foo values(?,?)", (i, v))
+
+        # add function to test conversion back as well
+        def snap(*args):
+            return args[0]
+
+        self.db.createscalarfunction("snap", snap)
+
+        # now see what we got out
+        count = 0
+        for row, v, fv in c.execute("select row,x,snap(x) from foo"):
+            count += 1
+            if type(vals[row]) is float:
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(vals[row], v)
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(vals[row], fv)
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(vals[row], v)
+                self.assertEqual(vals[row], fv)
+        self.assertEqual(count, len(vals))
+
+        # check some out of bounds conditions
+        # integer greater than signed 64 quantity (SQLite only supports up to that)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(9999,?)", (922337203685477580799, ))
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(9999,?)", (-922337203685477580799, ))
+
+        # not valid types for SQLite
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(9999,?)", (apsw, ))  # a module
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(9999,?)", (type, ))  # type
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(9999,?)", (dir, ))  # function
+
+        # check nothing got inserted
+        self.assertEqual(0, next(c.execute("select count(*) from foo where row=9999"))[0])
+
+    def testFormatSQLValue(self):
+        "Verify text formatting of values"
+        wt = APSW.wikipedia_text
+        vals = (
+            (3, "3"),
+            (3.1, "3.1"),
+            (-3, "-3"),
+            (-3.1, "-3.1"),
+            (9223372036854775807, "9223372036854775807"),
+            (-9223372036854775808, "-9223372036854775808"),
+            (None, "NULL"),
+            ("ABC", "'ABC'"),
+            (u"\N{BLACK STAR} \N{WHITE STAR} \N{LIGHTNING} \N{COMET} ",
+             "'" + u"\N{BLACK STAR} \N{WHITE STAR} \N{LIGHTNING} \N{COMET} " + "'"),
+            (u"\N{BLACK STAR} \N{WHITE STAR} ' \N{LIGHTNING} \N{COMET} ",
+             "'" + u"\N{BLACK STAR} \N{WHITE STAR} '' \N{LIGHTNING} \N{COMET} " + "'"),
+            ("", "''"),
+            ("'", "''''"),
+            ("'a", "'''a'"),
+            ("a'", "'a'''"),
+            ("''", "''''''"),
+            ("'" * 20000, "'" + "'" * 40000 + "'"),
+            ("\0", "''||X'00'||''"),
+            ("\0\0\0", "''||X'00'||''||X'00'||''||X'00'||''"),
+            ("AB\0C", "'AB'||X'00'||'C'"),
+            ("A'B'\0C", "'A''B'''||X'00'||'C'"),
+            ("\0A'B", "''||X'00'||'A''B'"),
+            ("A'B\0", "'A''B'||X'00'||''"),
+            (b"ABDE\0C", "X'414244450043'"),
+            (b"", "X''"),
+            (wt, "'" + wt + "'"),
+            (wt[:77] + "'" + wt[77:], "'" + wt[:77] + "''" + wt[77:] + "'"),
+        )
+        for vin, vout in vals:
+            out = apsw.format_sql_value(vin)
+            self.assertEqual(out, vout)
+        # Errors
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.format_sql_value, apsw)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.format_sql_value)
+
+    def testWAL(self):
+        "Test WAL functions"
+        # note that it is harmless calling wal functions on a db not in wal mode
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.wal_autocheckpoint)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.wal_autocheckpoint, "a strinbg")
+        self.db.wal_autocheckpoint(8912)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.wal_checkpoint, -1)
+        self.db.wal_checkpoint()
+        self.db.wal_checkpoint("main")
+        v = self.db.wal_checkpoint(mode=apsw.SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(v, tuple) and len(v) == 2 and isinstance(v[0], int) and isinstance(v[1], int))
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.MisuseError, self.db.wal_checkpoint, mode=876786)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setwalhook)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setwalhook, 12)
+        self.db.setwalhook(None)
+        # check we can set wal mode
+        self.assertEqual("wal", self.db.cursor().execute("pragma journal_mode=wal").fetchall()[0][0])
+
+        # errors in wal callback
+        def zerodiv(*args):
+            1 / 0
+
+        self.db.setwalhook(zerodiv)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.db.cursor().execute, "create table one(x)")
+        # the error happens after the wal commit so the table should exist
+        self.assertTableExists("one")
+
+        def badreturn(*args):
+            return "three"
+
+        self.db.setwalhook(badreturn)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.cursor().execute, "create table two(x)")
+        self.assertTableExists("two")
+
+        expectdbname = ""
+
+        def walhook(conn, dbname, pages):
+            self.assertTrue(conn is self.db)
+            self.assertTrue(pages > 0)
+            self.assertEqual(dbname, expectdbname)
+            return apsw.SQLITE_OK
+
+        expectdbname = "main"
+        self.db.setwalhook(walhook)
+        self.db.cursor().execute("create table three(x)")
+        self.db.cursor().execute("attach '%stestdb2?psow=0' as fred" % ("file:" + TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
+        self.assertEqual("wal", self.db.cursor().execute("pragma fred.journal_mode=wal").fetchall()[0][0])
+        expectdbname = "fred"
+        self.db.cursor().execute("create table fred.three(x)")
+
+    def testAuthorizer(self):
+        "Verify the authorizer works"
+        retval = apsw.SQLITE_DENY
+
+        def authorizer(operation, paramone, paramtwo, databasename, triggerorview):
+            # we fail creates of tables starting with "private"
+            if operation == apsw.SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE and paramone.startswith("private"):
+                return retval
+            return apsw.SQLITE_OK
+
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        # this should succeed
+        c.execute("create table privateone(x)")
+        # this should fail
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setauthorizer, 12)  # must be callable
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, self.db, "authorizer", 12)
+        self.db.setauthorizer(authorizer)
+        self.assertIs(self.db.authorizer, authorizer)
+        for val in apsw.SQLITE_DENY, apsw.SQLITE_DENY, 0x800276889000212112:
+            retval = val
+            if val < 100:
+                self.assertRaises(apsw.AuthError, c.execute, "create table privatetwo(x)")
+            else:
+                self.assertRaises(OverflowError, c.execute, "create table privatetwo(x)")
+        # this should succeed
+        self.db.setauthorizer(None)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.db.authorizer)
+        c.execute("create table privatethree(x)")
+
+        self.assertTableExists("privateone")
+        self.assertTableNotExists("privatetwo")
+        self.assertTableExists("privatethree")
+
+        # error in callback
+        def authorizer(operation, *args):
+            if operation == apsw.SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE:
+                1 / 0
+            return apsw.SQLITE_OK
+
+        self.db.authorizer = authorizer
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "create table shouldfail(x)")
+        self.assertTableNotExists("shouldfail")
+
+        # bad return type in callback
+        def authorizer(operation, *args):
+            return "a silly string"
+
+        self.db.setauthorizer(authorizer)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "create table shouldfail(x); select 3+5")
+        self.db.authorizer = None  # otherwise next line will fail!
+        self.assertTableNotExists("shouldfail")
+
+        # back to normal
+        self.db.authorizer = None
+        c.execute("create table shouldsucceed(x)")
+        self.assertTableExists("shouldsucceed")
+
+    def testExecTracing(self):
+        "Verify tracing of executed statements and bindings"
+        self.db.setexectrace(None)
+        self.assertIsNone(self.db.exectrace)
+        self.db.exectrace = None
+        self.assertIsNone(self.db.exectrace)
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        cmds = []  # this is maniulated in tracefunc
+
+        def tracefunc(cursor, cmd, bindings):
+            cmds.append((cmd, bindings))
+            return True
+
+        c.execute("create table one(x,y,z)")
+        self.assertEqual(len(cmds), 0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.setexectrace, 12)  # must be callable
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setexectrace, 12)  # must be callable
+        c.setexectrace(tracefunc)
+        self.assertIs(c.exectrace, tracefunc)
+        statements = [
+            ("insert into one values(?,?,?)", (1, 2, 3)),
+            ("insert into one values(:a,$b,$c)", {
+                'a': 1,
+                'b': "string",
+                'c': None
+            }),
+        ]
+        for cmd, values in statements:
+            c.execute(cmd, values)
+        self.assertEqual(cmds, statements)
+        self.assertTrue(c.getexectrace() is tracefunc)
+        c.exectrace = None
+        self.assertTrue(c.getexectrace() is None)
+        c.execute("create table bar(x,y,z)")
+        # cmds should be unchanged
+        self.assertEqual(cmds, statements)
+        # tracefunc can abort execution
+        count = next(c.execute("select count(*) from one"))[0]
+
+        def tracefunc(cursor, cmd, bindings):
+            return False  # abort
+
+        c.setexectrace(tracefunc)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.ExecTraceAbort, c.execute, "insert into one values(1,2,3)")
+        # table should not have been modified
+        c.setexectrace(None)
+        self.assertEqual(count, next(c.execute("select count(*) from one"))[0])
+
+        # error in tracefunc
+        def tracefunc(cursor, cmd, bindings):
+            1 / 0
+
+        c.setexectrace(tracefunc)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "insert into one values(1,2,3)")
+        c.setexectrace(None)
+        self.assertEqual(count, next(c.execute("select count(*) from one"))[0])
+        # test across executemany and multiple statements
+        counter = [0]
+
+        def tracefunc(cursor, cmd, bindings):
+            counter[0] = counter[0] + 1
+            return True
+
+        c.setexectrace(tracefunc)
+        c.execute(
+            "create table two(x);insert into two values(1); insert into two values(2); insert into two values(?); insert into two values(?)",
+            (3, 4))
+        self.assertEqual(counter[0], 5)
+        counter[0] = 0
+        c.executemany("insert into two values(?); insert into two values(?)", [[n, n + 1] for n in range(5)])
+        self.assertEqual(counter[0], 10)
+        # error in func but only after a while
+        c.execute("delete from two")
+        counter[0] = 0
+
+        def tracefunc(cursor, cmd, bindings):
+            counter[0] = counter[0] + 1
+            if counter[0] > 3:
+                1 / 0
+            return True
+
+        c.setexectrace(tracefunc)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ZeroDivisionError, c.execute,
+            "insert into two values(1); insert into two values(2); insert into two values(?); insert into two values(?)",
+            (3, 4))
+        self.assertEqual(counter[0], 4)
+        c.setexectrace(None)
+        # check the first statements got executed
+        self.assertEqual(3, next(c.execute("select max(x) from two"))[0])
+
+        # executemany
+        def tracefunc(cursor, cmd, bindings):
+            1 / 0
+
+        c.setexectrace(tracefunc)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.executemany, "select ?", [(1, )])
+        c.setexectrace(None)
+
+        # tracefunc with wrong number of arguments
+        def tracefunc(a, b, c, d, e, f):
+            1 / 0
+
+        c.setexectrace(tracefunc)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "select max(x) from two")
+
+        def tracefunc(*args):
+            return BadIsTrue()
+
+        c.setexectrace(tracefunc)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "select max(x) from two")
+        # connection based tracing
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.getexectrace(), None)
+        traced = [False, False]
+
+        def contrace(*args):
+            traced[0] = True
+            return True
+
+        def curtrace(*args):
+            traced[1] = True
+            return True
+
+        c.setexectrace(curtrace)
+        c.execute("select 3")
+        self.assertEqual(traced, [False, True])
+        traced = [False, False]
+        self.db.setexectrace(contrace)
+        c.execute("select 3")
+        self.assertEqual(traced, [False, True])
+        traced = [False, False]
+        c.setexectrace(None)
+        c.execute("select 3")
+        self.assertEqual(traced, [True, False])
+        traced = [False, False]
+        self.db.cursor().execute("select 3")
+        self.assertEqual(traced, [True, False])
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.getexectrace(), contrace)
+        self.assertEqual(c.getexectrace(), None)
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.cursor().getexectrace(), None)
+        c.setexectrace(curtrace)
+        self.assertEqual(c.getexectrace(), curtrace)
+
+    def testRowTracing(self):
+        "Verify row tracing"
+        self.db.setrowtrace(None)
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table foo(x,y,z)")
+        vals = (1, 2, 3)
+        c.execute("insert into foo values(?,?,?)", vals)
+
+        def tracefunc(cursor, row):
+            return tuple([7 for i in row])
+
+        # should get original row back
+        self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select * from foo")), vals)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.setrowtrace, 12)  # must be callable
+        c.setrowtrace(tracefunc)
+        self.assertTrue(c.getrowtrace() is tracefunc)
+        # all values replaced with 7
+        self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select * from foo")), tuple([7] * len(vals)))
+
+        def tracefunc(cursor, row):
+            return (7, )
+
+        # a single 7
+        c.setrowtrace(tracefunc)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select * from foo")), (7, ))
+        # no alteration again
+        c.setrowtrace(None)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select * from foo")), vals)
+
+        # error in function
+        def tracefunc(*result):
+            1 / 0
+
+        c.setrowtrace(tracefunc)
+        try:
+            for row in c.execute("select * from foo"):
+                self.fail("Should have had exception")
+                break
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            pass
+        c.setrowtrace(None)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select * from foo")), vals)
+        # returning null
+        c.execute("create table bar(x)")
+        c.executemany("insert into bar values(?)", [[x] for x in range(10)])
+        counter = [0]
+
+        def tracefunc(cursor, args):
+            counter[0] = counter[0] + 1
+            if counter[0] % 2:
+                return None
+            return args
+
+        c.setrowtrace(tracefunc)
+        countertoo = 0
+        for row in c.execute("select * from bar"):
+            countertoo += 1
+        c.setrowtrace(None)
+        self.assertEqual(countertoo, 5)  # half the rows should be skipped
+        # connection based
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setrowtrace, 12)
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.getrowtrace(), None)
+        traced = [False, False]
+
+        def contrace(cursor, row):
+            traced[0] = True
+            return row
+
+        def curtrace(cursor, row):
+            traced[1] = True
+            return row
+
+        for row in c.execute("select 3,3"):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(traced, [False, False])
+        traced = [False, False]
+        self.db.setrowtrace(contrace)
+        for row in self.db.cursor().execute("select 3,3"):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(traced, [True, False])
+        traced = [False, False]
+        c.setrowtrace(curtrace)
+        for row in c.execute("select 3,3"):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(traced, [False, True])
+        traced = [False, False]
+        c.setrowtrace(None)
+        for row in c.execute("select 3"):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(traced, [True, False])
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.getrowtrace(), contrace)
+
+    def testScalarFunctions(self):
+        "Verify scalar functions"
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+
+        def ilove7(*args):
+            return 7
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createscalarfunction, "twelve", 12)  # must be callable
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createscalarfunction, "twelve", 12, 27, 28)  # too many params
+        try:
+            self.db.createscalarfunction("twelve", ilove7, 900)  # too many args
+        except (apsw.SQLError, apsw.MisuseError):
+            # https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3875
+            pass
+        # some unicode fun
+        self.db.createscalarfunction, u"twelve\N{BLACK STAR}", ilove7
+        try:
+            # SQLite happily registers the function, but you can't
+            # call it
+            self.assertEqual(c.execute("select " + u"twelve\N{BLACK STAR}" + "(3)").fetchall(), [[7]])
+        except apsw.SQLError:
+            pass
+
+        self.db.createscalarfunction("seven", ilove7)
+        c.execute("create table foo(x,y,z)")
+        for i in range(10):
+            c.execute("insert into foo values(?,?,?)", (i, i, i))
+        for i in range(10):
+            self.assertEqual((7, ), next(c.execute("select seven(x,y,z) from foo where x=?", (i, ))))
+        # clear func
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, self.db.createscalarfunction, "seven",
+                          None)  # active select above so no funcs can be changed
+        for row in c.execute("select null"):
+            pass  # no active sql now
+        self.db.createscalarfunction("seven", None)
+        # function names are limited to 255 characters - SQLerror is the rather unintuitive error return
+        try:
+            self.db.createscalarfunction("a" * 300, ilove7)
+        except (apsw.SQLError, apsw.MisuseError):
+            pass  # see sqlite ticket #3875
+        # have an error in a function
+        def badfunc(*args):
+            return 1 / 0
+
+        self.db.createscalarfunction("badscalarfunc", badfunc)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "select badscalarfunc(*) from foo")
+        # return non-allowed types
+        for v in ({'a': 'dict'}, ['a', 'list'], self):
+
+            def badtype(*args):
+                return v
+
+            self.db.createscalarfunction("badtype", badtype)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "select badtype(*) from foo")
+        # return non-unicode string
+        def ilove8bit(*args):
+            return "\x99\xaa\xbb\xcc"
+
+        self.db.createscalarfunction("ilove8bit", ilove8bit)
+
+        # coverage
+        def bad(*args):
+            1 / 0
+
+        self.db.createscalarfunction("bad", bad)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "select bad(3)+bad(4)")
+        # turn a blob into a string to fail python utf8 conversion
+        self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError, c.execute, "select bad(cast (x'fffffcfb9208' as TEXT))")
+
+        # register same named function taking different number of arguments
+        for i in range(-1, 4):
+            self.db.createscalarfunction("multi", lambda *args: len(args), i)
+        gc.collect()
+        for row in c.execute("select multi(), multi(1), multi(1,2), multi(1,2,3), multi(1,2,3,4), multi(1,2,3,4,5)"):
+            self.assertEqual(row, (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5))
+
+        # deterministic flag
+
+        # check error handling
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createscalarfunction, "twelve", deterministic="324")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createscalarfunction, "twelve", deterministic=324)
+
+        # check it has an effect
+        class Counter:  # on calling returns how many times this instance has been called
+            num_calls = 0
+
+            def __call__(self):
+                self.num_calls += 1
+                return self.num_calls
+
+        self.db.createscalarfunction("deterministic", Counter(), deterministic=True)
+        self.db.createscalarfunction("nondeterministic", Counter(), deterministic=False)
+        self.db.createscalarfunction("unspecdeterministic", Counter())
+
+        # only deterministic can be used for indices
+        c.execute("create table td(a,b); create index tda on td(a) where deterministic()")
+        self.assertEqual(c.execute("select nondeterministic()=nondeterministic()").fetchall()[0][0], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(c.execute("select unspecdeterministic()=unspecdeterministic()").fetchall()[0][0], 0)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, c.execute, "create index tdb on td(b) where nondeterministic()")
+
+    def testAggregateFunctions(self):
+        "Verify aggregate functions"
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table foo(x,y,z)")
+
+        # aggregate function
+        class longest:
+
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.result = ""
+
+            def step(self, context, *args):
+                for i in args:
+                    if len(str(i)) > len(self.result):
+                        self.result = str(i)
+
+            def final(self, context):
+                return self.result
+
+            def factory():
+                v = longest()
+                return None, v.step, v.final
+
+            factory = staticmethod(factory)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createaggregatefunction, True, True, True,
+                          True)  # wrong number/type of params
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createaggregatefunction, "twelve", 12)  # must be callable
+
+        if "DEBUG" not in apsw.compile_options:
+            # these cause assertion failures in sqlite
+            try:
+                self.db.createaggregatefunction("twelve", longest.factory, 923)  # max args is 127
+            except (apsw.SQLError, apsw.MisuseError):
+                # used to be SQLerror then changed https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3875
+                pass
+            self.db.createaggregatefunction("twelve", None)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createaggregatefunction, u"twelve\N{BLACK STAR}", 12)  # must be ascii
+        self.db.createaggregatefunction("longest", longest.factory)
+
+        vals = (
+            ("kjfhgk", "gkjlfdhgjkhsdfkjg",
+             "gklsdfjgkldfjhnbnvc,mnxb,mnxcv,mbncv,mnbm,ncvx,mbncv,mxnbcv,"),  # last one is deliberately the longest
+            ("gdfklhj", ":gjkhgfdsgfd", "gjkfhgjkhdfkjh"),
+            ("gdfjkhg", "gkjlfd", ""),
+            (1, 2, 30),
+        )
+
+        for v in vals:
+            c.execute("insert into foo values(?,?,?)", v)
+
+        v = next(c.execute("select longest(x,y,z) from foo"))[0]
+        self.assertEqual(v, vals[0][2])
+
+        # SQLite doesn't allow step functions to return an error, so we have to defer to the final
+        def badfactory():
+
+            def badfunc(*args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def final(*args):
+                self.fail("This should not be executed")
+                return 1
+
+            return None, badfunc, final
+
+        self.db.createaggregatefunction("badfunc", badfactory)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "select badfunc(x) from foo")
+
+        # error in final
+        def badfactory():
+
+            def badfunc(*args):
+                pass
+
+            def final(*args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            return None, badfunc, final
+
+        self.db.createaggregatefunction("badfunc", badfactory)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "select badfunc(x) from foo")
+
+        # error in step and final
+        def badfactory():
+
+            def badfunc(*args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def final(*args):
+                raise ImportError()  # zero div from above is what should be returned
+
+            return None, badfunc, final
+
+        self.db.createaggregatefunction("badfunc", badfactory)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "select badfunc(x) from foo")
+
+        # bad return from factory
+        def badfactory():
+
+            def badfunc(*args):
+                pass
+
+            def final(*args):
+                return 0
+
+            return {}
+
+        self.db.createaggregatefunction("badfunc", badfactory)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "select badfunc(x) from foo")
+
+        # incorrect number of items returned
+        def badfactory():
+
+            def badfunc(*args):
+                pass
+
+            def final(*args):
+                return 0
+
+            return (None, badfunc, final, badfactory)
+
+        self.db.createaggregatefunction("badfunc", badfactory)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "select badfunc(x) from foo")
+
+        # step not callable
+        def badfactory():
+
+            def badfunc(*args):
+                pass
+
+            def final(*args):
+                return 0
+
+            return (None, True, final)
+
+        self.db.createaggregatefunction("badfunc", badfactory)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "select badfunc(x) from foo")
+
+        # final not callable
+        def badfactory():
+
+            def badfunc(*args):
+                pass
+
+            def final(*args):
+                return 0
+
+            return (None, badfunc, True)
+
+        self.db.createaggregatefunction("badfunc", badfactory)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "select badfunc(x) from foo")
+
+        # error in factory method
+        def badfactory():
+            1 / 0
+
+        self.db.createaggregatefunction("badfunc", badfactory)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "select badfunc(x) from foo")
+
+    def testCollation(self):
+        "Verify collations"
+        # create a whole bunch to check they are freed
+        for i in range(1024):
+            self.db.createcollation("x" * i, lambda x, y: i)
+        for ii in range(1024):
+            self.db.createcollation("x" * ii, lambda x, y: ii)
+
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+
+        def strnumcollate(s1, s2):
+            "return -1 if s1<s2, +1 if s1>s2 else 0.  Items are string head and numeric tail"
+            # split values into two parts - the head and the numeric tail
+            values = [s1, s2]
+            for vn, v in enumerate(values):
+                for i in range(len(v), 0, -1):
+                    if v[i - 1] not in "01234567890":
+                        break
+                try:
+                    v = v[:i], int(v[i:])
+                except ValueError:
+                    v = v[:i], None
+                values[vn] = v
+            # compare
+            if values[0] < values[1]:
+                return -1  # return an int
+            if values[0] > values[1]:
+                return 1  # and a long
+            return 0
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createcollation, "twelve", strnumcollate, 12)  # wrong # params
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createcollation, "twelve", 12)  # must be callable
+        self.db.createcollation("strnum", strnumcollate)
+        c.execute("create table foo(x)")
+        # adding this unicode in front improves coverage
+        uni = u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX}"
+        vals = (uni + "file1", uni + "file7", uni + "file9", uni + "file17", uni + "file20")
+        valsrev = list(vals)
+        valsrev.reverse()  # put them into table in reverse order
+        valsrev = valsrev[1:] + valsrev[:1]  # except one out of order
+        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", [(x, ) for x in valsrev])
+        for i, row in enumerate(c.execute("select x from foo order by x collate strnum")):
+            self.assertEqual(vals[i], row[0])
+
+        # collation function with an error
+        def collerror(*args):
+            return 1 / 0
+
+        self.db.createcollation("collerror", collerror)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "select x from foo order by x collate collerror")
+
+        # collation function that returns bad value
+        def collerror(*args):
+            return {}
+
+        self.db.createcollation("collbadtype", collerror)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "select x from foo order by x collate collbadtype")
+
+        # get error when registering
+        c.execute("select x from foo order by x collate strnum")  # nb we don't read so cursor is still active
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, self.db.createcollation, "strnum", strnumcollate)
+
+        # unregister
+        for row in c:
+            pass
+        self.db.createcollation("strnum", None)
+        # check it really has gone
+        try:
+            c.execute("select x from foo order by x collate strnum")
+        except apsw.SQLError:
+            pass
+        # check statement still works
+        for _ in c.execute("select x from foo"):
+            pass
+
+        # collation needed testing
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.collationneeded, 12)
+
+        def cn1():
+            pass
+
+        def cn2(x, y):
+            1 / 0
+
+        def cn3(x, y):
+            self.assertTrue(x is self.db)
+            self.assertEqual(y, "strnum")
+            self.db.createcollation("strnum", strnumcollate)
+
+        self.db.collationneeded(cn1)
+        try:
+            for _ in c.execute("select x from foo order by x collate strnum"):
+                pass
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        self.db.collationneeded(cn2)
+        try:
+            for _ in c.execute("select x from foo order by x collate strnum"):
+                pass
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            pass
+        self.db.collationneeded(cn3)
+        for _ in c.execute("select x from foo order by x collate strnum"):
+            pass
+        self.db.collationneeded(None)
+        self.db.createcollation("strnum", None)
+
+        # check it really has gone
+        try:
+            c.execute("select x from foo order by x collate strnum")
+        except apsw.SQLError:
+            pass
+
+    def testProgressHandler(self):
+        "Verify progress handler"
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        phcalledcount = [0]
+
+        def ph():
+            phcalledcount[0] = phcalledcount[0] + 1
+            return 0
+
+        # make 400 rows of random numbers
+        c.execute("begin ; create table foo(x)")
+        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(400))
+        c.execute("commit")
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setprogresshandler, 12)  # must be callable
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setprogresshandler, ph, "foo")  # second param is steps
+        self.db.setprogresshandler(ph, -17)  # SQLite doesn't complain about negative numbers
+        self.db.setprogresshandler(ph, 20)
+        next(c.execute("select max(x) from foo"))
+
+        self.assertNotEqual(phcalledcount[0], 0)
+        saved = phcalledcount[0]
+
+        # put an error in the progress handler
+        def ph():
+            return 1 / 0
+
+        self.db.setprogresshandler(ph, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "update foo set x=-10")
+        self.db.setprogresshandler(None)  # clear ph so next line runs
+        # none should have taken
+        self.assertEqual(0, next(c.execute("select count(*) from foo where x=-10"))[0])
+        # and previous ph should not have been called
+        self.assertEqual(saved, phcalledcount[0])
+
+        def ph():
+            return BadIsTrue()
+
+        self.db.setprogresshandler(ph, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "update foo set x=-10")
+
+    def testChanges(self):
+        "Verify reporting of changes"
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table foo (x);begin")
+        for i in range(100):
+            c.execute("insert into foo values(?)", (i + 1000, ))
+        c.execute("commit")
+        c.execute("update foo set x=0 where x>=1000")
+        self.assertEqual(100, self.db.changes())
+        c.execute("begin")
+        for i in range(100):
+            c.execute("insert into foo values(?)", (i + 1000, ))
+        c.execute("commit")
+        self.assertEqual(300, self.db.totalchanges())
+        if hasattr(apsw, "faultdict"):
+            # check 64 bit conversion works
+            apsw.faultdict["ConnectionChanges64"] = True
+            self.assertEqual(1000000000 * 7 * 3, self.db.changes())
+
+    def testLastInsertRowId(self):
+        "Check last insert row id"
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table foo (x integer primary key)")
+        for i in range(10):
+            c.execute("insert into foo values(?)", (i, ))
+            self.assertEqual(i, self.db.last_insert_rowid())
+        # get a 64 bit value
+        v = 2**40
+        c.execute("insert into foo values(?)", (v, ))
+        self.assertEqual(v, self.db.last_insert_rowid())
+        # try setting it
+        self.assertRaises(
+            TypeError,
+            self.db.set_last_insert_rowid,
+        )
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.set_last_insert_rowid, "3")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.set_last_insert_rowid, "3", 3)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, self.db.set_last_insert_rowid, 2**40 * 2**40)
+        for v in -20, 0, 20, 2**32 - 1, -2**32 - 1, 2**60, -2**60:
+            c.execute("insert into foo values(?)", (v - 3, ))
+            self.assertNotEqual(v, self.db.last_insert_rowid())
+            self.db.set_last_insert_rowid(v)
+            self.assertEqual(v, self.db.last_insert_rowid())
+
+    def testComplete(self):
+        "Completeness of SQL statement checking"
+        # the actual underlying routine just checks that there is a semi-colon
+        # at the end, not inside any quotes etc
+        self.assertEqual(False, apsw.complete("select * from"))
+        self.assertEqual(False, apsw.complete("select * from \";\""))
+        self.assertEqual(False, apsw.complete("select * from \";"))
+        self.assertEqual(True, apsw.complete("select * from foo; select *;"))
+        self.assertEqual(False, apsw.complete("select * from foo where x=1"))
+        self.assertEqual(True, apsw.complete("select * from foo;"))
+        self.assertEqual(True, apsw.complete(u"select '\u9494\ua7a7';"))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.complete, 12)  # wrong type
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.complete)  # not enough args
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.complete, "foo", "bar")  # too many args
+
+    def testBusyHandling(self):
+        "Verify busy handling"
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table foo(x); begin")
+        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(400))
+        c.execute("commit")
+        # verify it is blocked
+        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+        c2 = db2.cursor()
+        c2.execute("begin exclusive")
+        try:
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, c.execute, "begin immediate ; select * from foo")
+        finally:
+            del c2
+            db2.close()
+            del db2
+
+        # close and reopen databases - sqlite will return Busy immediately to a connection
+        # it previously returned busy to
+        del c
+        self.db.close()
+        del self.db
+        self.db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c2 = db2.cursor()
+
+        # Put in busy handler
+        bhcalled = [0]
+
+        def bh(*args):
+            bhcalled[0] = bhcalled[0] + 1
+            if bhcalled[0] == 4:
+                return False
+            return True
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, db2.setbusyhandler, 12)  # must be callable
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, db2.setbusytimeout, "12")  # must be int
+        db2.setbusytimeout(
+            -77)  # SQLite doesn't complain about negative numbers, but if it ever does this will catch it
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, db2.setbusytimeout, 77, 88)  # too many args
+        self.db.setbusyhandler(bh)
+
+        c2.execute("begin exclusive")
+
+        try:
+            for row in c.execute("begin immediate ; select * from foo"):
+                self.fail("Transaction wasn't exclusive")
+        except apsw.BusyError:
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(bhcalled[0], 4)
+
+        # Close and reopen again
+        del c
+        del c2
+        db2.close()
+        self.db.close()
+        del db2
+        del self.db
+        self.db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c2 = db2.cursor()
+
+        # Put in busy timeout
+        TIMEOUT = 3  # seconds, must be integer as sqlite can round down to nearest second anyway
+        c2.execute("begin exclusive")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setbusyhandler, "foo")
+        self.db.setbusytimeout(int(TIMEOUT * 1000))
+        b4 = time.time()
+        try:
+            c.execute("begin immediate ; select * from foo")
+        except apsw.BusyError:
+            pass
+        after = time.time()
+        took = after - b4
+        # this sometimes fails in virtualized environments due to time
+        # going backwards or not going forwards consistently.
+        if took + 1 < TIMEOUT:
+            print(f"Timeout was { TIMEOUT } seconds but only { took } seconds elapsed!")
+            self.assertTrue(took >= TIMEOUT)
+
+        # check clearing of handler
+        c2.execute("rollback")
+        self.db.setbusyhandler(None)
+        b4 = time.time()
+        c2.execute("begin exclusive")
+        try:
+            c.execute("begin immediate ; select * from foo")
+        except apsw.BusyError:
+            pass
+        after = time.time()
+        self.assertTrue(after - b4 < TIMEOUT)
+
+        # Close and reopen again
+        del c
+        del c2
+        db2.close()
+        self.db.close()
+        del db2
+        del self.db
+        self.db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c2 = db2.cursor()
+
+        # error in busyhandler
+        def bh(*args):
+            1 / 0
+
+        c2.execute("begin exclusive")
+        self.db.setbusyhandler(bh)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "begin immediate ; select * from foo")
+        del c
+        del c2
+        db2.close()
+
+        def bh(*args):
+            return BadIsTrue()
+
+        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c2 = db2.cursor()
+        c2.execute("begin exclusive")
+        self.db.setbusyhandler(bh)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "begin immediate ; select * from foo")
+        del c
+        del c2
+        db2.close()
+
+    def testBusyHandling2(self):
+        "Another busy handling test"
+
+        # Based on an issue in 3.3.10 and before
+        con2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+        cur = self.db.cursor()
+        cur2 = con2.cursor()
+        cur.execute("create table test(x,y)")
+        cur.execute("begin")
+        cur.execute("insert into test values(123,'abc')")
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, cur2.execute, "insert into test values(456, 'def')")
+        cur.execute("commit")
+        self.assertEqual(1, next(cur2.execute("select count(*) from test where x=123"))[0])
+        con2.close()
+
+    def testInterruptHandling(self):
+        "Verify interrupt function"
+        # this is tested by having a user defined function make the interrupt
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table foo(x);begin")
+        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(400))
+        c.execute("commit")
+
+        def ih(*args):
+            self.db.interrupt()
+            return 7
+
+        self.db.createscalarfunction("seven", ih)
+        try:
+            for row in c.execute("select seven(x) from foo"):
+                pass
+        except apsw.InterruptError:
+            pass
+        # ::TODO:: raise the interrupt from another thread
+
+    def testCommitHook(self):
+        "Verify commit hooks"
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table foo(x)")
+        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(10))
+        chcalled = [0]
+
+        def ch():
+            chcalled[0] = chcalled[0] + 1
+            if chcalled[0] == 4:
+                return 1  # abort
+            return 0  # continue
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setcommithook, 12)  # not callable
+        self.db.setcommithook(ch)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.ConstraintError, c.executemany, "insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(10))
+        self.assertEqual(4, chcalled[0])
+        self.db.setcommithook(None)
+
+        def ch():
+            chcalled[0] = 99
+            return 1
+
+        self.db.setcommithook(ch)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.ConstraintError, c.executemany, "insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(10))
+        # verify it was the second one that was called
+        self.assertEqual(99, chcalled[0])
+
+        # error in commit hook
+        def ch():
+            return 1 / 0
+
+        self.db.setcommithook(ch)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(?)", (1, ))
+
+        def ch():
+            return BadIsTrue()
+
+        self.db.setcommithook(ch)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(?)", (1, ))
+
+    def testRollbackHook(self):
+        "Verify rollback hooks"
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table foo(x)")
+        rhcalled = [0]
+
+        def rh():
+            rhcalled[0] = rhcalled[0] + 1
+            return 1
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setrollbackhook, 12)  # must be callable
+        self.db.setrollbackhook(rh)
+        c.execute("begin ; insert into foo values(10); rollback")
+        self.assertEqual(1, rhcalled[0])
+        self.db.setrollbackhook(None)
+        c.execute("begin ; insert into foo values(10); rollback")
+        self.assertEqual(1, rhcalled[0])
+
+        def rh():
+            1 / 0
+
+        self.db.setrollbackhook(rh)
+        # SQLite doesn't allow reporting an error from a rollback hook, so it will be seen
+        # in the next command (eg the select in this case)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute,
+                          "begin ; insert into foo values(10); rollback; select * from foo")
+        # check cursor still works
+        for row in c.execute("select * from foo"):
+            pass
+
+    def testUpdateHook(self):
+        "Verify update hooks"
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table foo(x integer primary key, y)")
+        uhcalled = []
+
+        def uh(type, databasename, tablename, rowid):
+            uhcalled.append((type, databasename, tablename, rowid))
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setupdatehook, 12)  # must be callable
+        self.db.setupdatehook(uh)
+        statements = (
+            ("insert into foo values(3,4)", (apsw.SQLITE_INSERT, 3)),
+            ("insert into foo values(30,40)", (apsw.SQLITE_INSERT, 30)),
+            (
+                "update foo set y=47 where x=3",
+                (apsw.SQLITE_UPDATE, 3),
+            ),
+            (
+                "delete from foo where y=47",
+                (apsw.SQLITE_DELETE, 3),
+            ),
+        )
+        for sql, res in statements:
+            c.execute(sql)
+        results = [(type, "main", "foo", rowid) for sql, (type, rowid) in statements]
+        self.assertEqual(uhcalled, results)
+        self.db.setupdatehook(None)
+        c.execute("insert into foo values(99,99)")
+        self.assertEqual(len(uhcalled), len(statements))  # length should have remained the same
+
+        def uh(*args):
+            1 / 0
+
+        self.db.setupdatehook(uh)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(100,100)")
+        self.db.setupdatehook(None)
+        # improve code coverage
+        c.execute("create table bar(x,y); insert into bar values(1,2); insert into bar values(3,4)")
+
+        def uh(*args):
+            1 / 0
+
+        self.db.setupdatehook(uh)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "insert into foo select * from bar")
+        self.db.setupdatehook(None)
+
+        # check cursor still works
+        c.execute("insert into foo values(1000,1000)")
+        self.assertEqual(1, next(c.execute("select count(*) from foo where x=1000"))[0])
+
+    def testProfile(self):
+        "Verify profiling"
+        # we do the test by looking for the maximum of PROFILESTEPS random
+        # numbers with an index present and without.  The former
+        # should be way quicker.
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table foo(x); begin")
+        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(PROFILESTEPS))
+        profileinfo = []
+
+        def profile(statement, timing):
+            profileinfo.append((statement, timing))
+
+        c.execute("commit; create index foo_x on foo(x)")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setprofile, 12)  # must be callable
+        self.db.setprofile(profile)
+        for val1 in c.execute("select max(x) from foo"):
+            pass  # profile is only run when results are exhausted
+        self.db.setprofile(None)
+        c.execute("drop index foo_x")
+        self.db.setprofile(profile)
+        for val2 in c.execute("select max(x) from foo"):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(val1, val2)
+        self.assertTrue(len(profileinfo) >= 2)  # see SQLite ticket 2157
+        self.assertEqual(profileinfo[0][0], profileinfo[-1][0])
+        self.assertEqual("select max(x) from foo", profileinfo[0][0])
+        self.assertEqual("select max(x) from foo", profileinfo[-1][0])
+        # the query using the index should take way less time
+        self.assertTrue(profileinfo[0][1] <= profileinfo[-1][1])
+
+        def profile(*args):
+            1 / 0
+
+        self.db.setprofile(profile)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "create table bar(y)")
+        # coverage
+        wasrun = [False]
+
+        def profile(*args):
+            wasrun[0] = True
+
+        def uh(*args):
+            1 / 0
+
+        self.db.setprofile(profile)
+        self.db.setupdatehook(uh)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(3)")
+        self.assertEqual(wasrun[0], False)
+        self.db.setprofile(None)
+        self.db.setupdatehook(None)
+
+    def testThreading(self):
+        "Verify threading behaviour"
+        # We used to require all operations on a connection happen in
+        # the same thread.  Now they can happen in any thread, so we
+        # ensure that inuse errors are detected by doing a long
+        # running operation in one thread.
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table foo(x);begin;")
+        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(10000))
+        c.execute("commit")
+
+        vals = {"stop": False, "raised": False}
+
+        def wt():
+            try:
+                while not vals["stop"]:
+                    c.execute("select min(max(x-1+x),min(x-1+x)) from foo")
+            except apsw.ThreadingViolationError:
+                vals["raised"] = True
+                vals["stop"] = True
+
+        t = ThreadRunner(wt)
+        t.start()
+        # ensure thread t has started
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+        b4 = time.time()
+        # try to get a threadingviolation for 30 seconds
+        try:
+            try:
+                while not vals["stop"] and time.time() - b4 < 30:
+                    c.execute("select * from foo")
+            except apsw.ThreadingViolationError:
+                vals["stop"] = True
+                vals["raised"] = True
+        finally:
+            vals["stop"] = True
+        t.go()
+        self.assertEqual(vals["raised"], True)
+
+    def testStringsWithNulls(self):
+        "Verify that strings with nulls in them are handled correctly"
+
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table foo(row,str)")
+        vals = ("a simple string", "a simple string\0with a null", "a string\0with two\0nulls",
+                "or even a \0\0\0\0\0\0sequence\0\0\0\0of them", u"a \u1234 unicode \ufe54 string \u0089",
+                u"a \u1234 unicode \ufe54 string \u0089\0and some text",
+                u"\N{BLACK STAR} \N{WHITE STAR} \N{LIGHTNING} \N{COMET}\0more\0than you\0can handle",
+                u"\N{BLACK STAR} \N{WHITE STAR} \N{LIGHTNING} \N{COMET}\0\0\0\0\0sequences\0\0\0of them")
+
+        vals = vals + (
+            "a simple string\0",
+            u"a \u1234 unicode \ufe54 string \u0089\0",
+        )
+
+        for i, v in enumerate(vals):
+            c.execute("insert into foo values(?,?)", (i, v))
+
+        # add function to test conversion back as well
+        def snap(*args):
+            return args[0]
+
+        self.db.createscalarfunction("snap", snap)
+
+        # now see what we got out
+        count = 0
+        for row, v, fv in c.execute("select row,str,snap(str) from foo"):
+            count += 1
+            self.assertEqual(vals[row], v)
+            self.assertEqual(vals[row], fv)
+        self.assertEqual(count, len(vals))
+
+        # check execute
+        for v in vals:
+            self.assertEqual(v, next(c.execute("select ?", (v, )))[0])
+            # nulls not allowed in main query string, so lets check the other bits (unicode etc)
+            v2 = v.replace("\0", " zero ")
+            self.assertEqual(v2, next(c.execute("select '%s'" % (v2, )))[0])
+
+        # ::TODO:: check collations
+
+    def testSharedCache(self):
+        "Verify setting of shared cache"
+
+        # check parameters - wrong # or type of args
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.enablesharedcache)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.enablesharedcache, "foo")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.enablesharedcache, True, None)
+
+        # the setting can be changed at almost any time
+        apsw.enablesharedcache(True)
+        apsw.enablesharedcache(False)
+
+    def testSerialize(self):
+        "Verify serialize/deserialize calls"
+        # check param types
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.serialize)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.serialize, "a", "b")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.serialize, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.deserialize, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.deserialize, "main", "main")
+
+        # SQLite implementation detail: empty db gives back None
+        self.assertEqual(None, self.db.serialize("main"))
+        self.assertEqual(None, self.db.serialize("temp"))
+
+        # SQLite implementation detail: unknown name gives back None instead of error
+        self.assertEqual(None, self.db.serialize("nosuchdbname"))
+
+        # populate with real content
+        self.db.cursor().execute("create table temp.foo(x); insert into temp.foo values(3), (4), (5)")
+        # must have content now
+        self.assertNotEqual(None, self.db.serialize("temp"))
+        self.assertTableNotExists("main.foo")
+        self.db.deserialize("main", self.db.serialize("temp"))
+        # without this renaming, things get confused between identical tables in main and temp
+        self.db.cursor().execute("alter table main.foo rename to bar")
+        self.assertTablesEqual(self.db, "bar", self.db, "foo")
+        # check we can modify deserialized
+        self.db.cursor().execute("insert into bar values(3)")
+        self.db.deserialize("main", self.db.serialize("temp"))
+        self.db.cursor().execute("alter table temp.foo rename to bar")
+        self.assertTablesEqual(self.db, "foo", self.db, "bar")
+        # add a megabyte to table
+        self.db.cursor().execute("insert into foo values(zeroblob(1024024))")
+
+    # A check that various extensions (such as fts3, rtree, icu)
+    # actually work.  We don't know if they were supposed to be
+    # compiled in or not so the assumption is that they aren't.
+    # However setup.py is being run then it sets environment variables
+    # saying the extensions *must* be present if they were enabled.
+    # See https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/55 for what
+    # led to this.
+    def checkOptionalExtension(self, name, testquery):
+        try:
+            present = False
+            apsw.Connection(":memory:").cursor().execute(testquery)
+            present = True
+        except apsw.Error:
+            pass
+        if "APSW_TEST_" + name.upper() in os.environ:
+            self.assertEqual(present, True)
+        return present
+
+    def testFTSExtension(self):
+        "Check FTS extensions (if present)"
+        for v in 3, 4, 5:
+            self.checkFTSExtension(v)
+
+    def checkFTSExtension(self, v):
+        self.db.cursor().execute("drop table if exists foo; drop table if exists test")
+        if not self.checkOptionalExtension("fts" + str(v), "create virtual table foo using fts%d()" % v):
+            return
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        data = {
+            'cake': 'flour, eggs, milk',
+            'bbq ribs': 'ribs, hot sauce',
+            'mayo': 'oil, Eggs',
+            'glue': 'Egg',
+            'salmon': 'Fish',
+            'burger': 'Mechanically recovered meat',
+            # From https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=FtsUsage
+            'broccoli stew': 'broccoli peppers cheese tomatoes',
+            'pumpkin stew': 'pumpkin onions garlic celery',
+            'broccoli pie': 'broccoli cheese onions flour',
+            'pumpkin pie': 'pumpkin sugar flour butter'
+        }
+
+        c.execute("create virtual table test using fts%d(name, ingredients)" % v)
+        c.executemany("insert into test values(?,?)", data.items())
+
+        def check(pattern, expectednames):
+            names = [n[0] for n in c.execute("select name from test where ingredients match ?", (pattern, ))]
+            names.sort()
+            expectednames = list(expectednames)
+            expectednames.sort()
+            self.assertEqual(names, expectednames)
+
+        check('onions cheese', ['broccoli pie'])
+        check('eggs OR oil', ['cake', 'mayo'])
+        check('"pumpkin onions"', ['pumpkin stew'])
+
+    def testRTreeExtension(self):
+        "Check RTree extension if present"
+        if not self.checkOptionalExtension("rtree",
+                                           "create virtual table foo using rtree(one, two, three, four, five)"):
+            return
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        data = (
+            (1, 2, 3, 4),
+            (5.1, 6, 7.2, 8),
+            (1, 4, 9, 12),
+            (77, 77.1, 3, 9),
+        )
+        c.execute("create virtual table test using rtree(ii, x1, x2, y1, y2)")
+        for i, row in enumerate(data):
+            c.execute("insert into test values(?,?,?,?,?)", (i, row[0], row[1], row[2], row[3]))
+
+        def check(pattern, expectedrows):
+            rows = [n[0] for n in c.execute("select ii from test where " + pattern)]
+            rows.sort()
+            expectedrows = list(expectedrows)
+            expectedrows.sort()
+            self.assertEqual(rows, expectedrows)
+
+        check("x1>2 AND x2<7 AND y1>17.2 AND y2<=8", [])
+        check("x1>5 AND x2<=6 AND y1>-11 AND y2<=8", [1])
+
+    def testGeopolyExtenstion(self):
+        "Check geopoly extension if present"
+        if not self.checkOptionalExtension("geopoly", "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE newtab USING geopoly()"):
+            return
+        found = 0
+        for row in self.db.cursor().execute(
+                "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE newtab USING geopoly();"
+                "INSERT INTO newtab(_shape) VALUES('[[0,0],[1,0],[0.5,1],[0,0]]');"
+                "SELECT * FROM newtab WHERE geopoly_overlap(_shape, $1);", ("[[0,0],[1,0],[0.5,1],[0,0]]", )):
+            found += 1
+        self.assertEqual(found, 1)
+
+    def testICUExtension(self):
+        "Check ICU extension if present"
+        if not self.checkOptionalExtension("icu", "select lower('I', 'tr_tr')"):
+            return
+
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+
+        # we compare SQLite standard vs icu
+        def check(text, locale, func="lower", equal=False):
+            q = "select " + func + "(?%s)"
+            sqlite = c.execute(q % ("", ), (text, )).fetchall()
+            icu = c.execute(q % (",'" + locale + "'", ), (text, )).fetchall()
+            if equal:
+                self.assertEqual(sqlite, icu)
+            else:
+                self.assertNotEqual(sqlite, icu)
+
+        check("I", "tr_tr")
+        check("I", "en_us", equal=True)
+
+    def testJSON1Extension(self):
+        if not self.checkOptionalExtension("json1", "select json('{}')"):
+            return
+        # some sanity checks that it is working
+        l = self.db.cursor().execute("select json_array_length('[1,2,3,4]')").fetchall()[0][0]
+        self.assertEqual(l, 4)
+        l = self.db.cursor().execute(
+            """select json_extract('{"a":2,"c":[4,5,{"f":7}]}', '$.c[2].f')""").fetchall()[0][0]
+        self.assertEqual(l, 7)
+
+    def testTracebacks(self):
+        "Verify augmented tracebacks"
+
+        def badfunc(*args):
+            zebra = 3
+            1 / 0
+
+        self.db.createscalarfunction("badfunc", badfunc)
+        try:
+            c = self.db.cursor()
+            c.execute("select badfunc(1,'two',3.14)")
+            self.fail("Exception should have occurred")
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
+            frames = []
+            while tb:
+                frames.append(tb.tb_frame)
+                tb = tb.tb_next
+        except:
+            self.fail("Wrong exception type")
+
+        frames.reverse()
+        frame = frames[1]  # frame[0] is badfunc above
+        self.assertTrue(frame.f_code.co_filename.endswith(".c"))
+        self.assertTrue(frame.f_lineno > 100)
+        self.assertTrue(frame.f_code.co_name.endswith("-badfunc"))
+        # check local variables
+        if platform.python_implementation() != "PyPy":
+            l = frame.f_locals
+            self.assertIn("NumberOfArguments", l)
+            self.assertEqual(l["NumberOfArguments"], 3)
+
+    def testLoadExtension(self):
+        "Check loading of extensions"
+        # unicode issues
+        # they need to be enabled first (off by default)
+        if self.db.config(apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION, -1):
+            # someone wanted extension loading on by default!  Turn it back off
+            self.db.config(apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.db.loadextension, LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME)
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.config(apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION, -1), 0)
+        self.db.enableloadextension(False)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.db.enableloadextension, BadIsTrue())
+        # should still be disabled
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.config(apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION, 0), 0)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.db.loadextension, LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME)
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.config(apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION, 1), 1)
+        self.db.loadextension(LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME)
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.config(apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION, 0), 0)
+        self.db.enableloadextension(True)
+        # make sure it checks args
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.loadextension)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.loadextension, 12)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.loadextension, "foo", 12)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.loadextension, "foo", "bar", 12)
+        self.db.loadextension(LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME)
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        self.assertEqual(1, next(c.execute("select half(2)"))[0])
+        # second entry point hasn't been called yet
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, c.execute, "select doubleup(2)")
+        # load using other entry point
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.db.loadextension, LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME, "doesntexist")
+        self.db.loadextension(LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME, "alternate_sqlite3_extension_init")
+        self.assertEqual(4, next(c.execute("select doubleup(2)"))[0])
+
+    def testMakeSqliteMsgFromException(self):
+        "Test C function that converts exception into SQLite error code"
+
+        class Source:
+
+            def Create1(self, *args):
+                e = apsw.IOError()
+                e.extendedresult = apsw.SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS
+                raise e
+
+            def Create2(self, *args):
+                e = apsw.IOError()
+                e.extendedresult = (0x80 << 32) + apsw.SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS  # bigger than 32 bits
+                raise e
+
+        self.db.createmodule("foo", Source())
+        for i in "1", "2":
+            Source.Create = getattr(Source, "Create" + i)
+            try:
+                self.db.cursor().execute("create virtual table vt using foo()")
+                1 / 0
+            except:
+                klass, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
+
+            self.assertEqual(klass, apsw.IOError)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(value, apsw.IOError))
+            self.assertEqual(value.extendedresult & ((0xffff << 16) | 0xffff), apsw.SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS)
+
+    def testVtables(self):
+        "Test virtual table functionality"
+
+        data = (  # row 0 is headers, column 0 is rowid
+            ("rowid", "name", "number", "item", "description"),
+            (1, "Joe Smith", 1.1, u"\u00f6\u1234", "foo"),
+            (6000000000, "Road Runner", -7.3, u"\u00f6\u1235", "foo"),
+            (77, "Fred", 0, u"\u00f6\u1236", "foo"),
+        )
+
+        dataschema = "create table this_should_be_ignored" + str(data[0][1:])
+        # a query that will get constraints on every column
+        allconstraints = "select rowid,* from foo where rowid>-1000 and name>='A' and number<=12.4 and item>'A' and description=='foo' order by item"
+        allconstraintsl = [
+            (-1, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT),  # rowid >
+            (0, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE),  # name >=
+            (1, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE),  # number <=
+            (2, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT),  # item >
+            (3, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ),  # description ==
+        ]
+
+        for i in range(20):
+            self.db.createmodule("x" * i, lambda x: i)
+
+        # If shared cache is enabled then vtable creation is supposed to fail
+        # See https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3144
+        try:
+            apsw.enablesharedcache(True)
+            db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb2")
+            db.createmodule("y", lambda x: 2)
+        finally:
+            apsw.enablesharedcache(False)
+
+        # The testing uses a different module name each time.  SQLite
+        # doc doesn't define the semantics if a 2nd module is
+        # registered with the same name as an existing one and I was
+        # getting coredumps.  It looks like issues inside SQLite.
+
+        cur = self.db.cursor()
+        # should fail since module isn't registered
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, cur.execute, "create virtual table vt using testmod(x,y,z)")
+        # wrong args
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createmodule, 1, 2, 3)
+        # give a bad object
+        self.db.createmodule("testmod", 12)  # next line fails due to lack of Create method
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, "create virtual table xyzzy using testmod(x,y,z)")
+
+        class Source:
+
+            def __init__(self, *expectargs):
+                self.expectargs = expectargs
+
+            def Create(self, *args):  # db, modname, dbname, tablename, args
+                if self.expectargs != args[1:]:
+                    raise ValueError("Create arguments are not correct.  Expected " + str(self.expectargs) +
+                                     " but got " + str(args[1:]))
+                1 / 0
+
+            def CreateErrorCode(self, *args):
+                # This makes sure that sqlite error codes happen.  The coverage checker
+                # is what verifies the code actually works.
+                raise apsw.BusyError("foo")
+
+            def CreateUnicodeException(self, *args):
+                raise Exception(
+                    u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX}\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE}\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS}"
+                )
+
+            def CreateBadSchemaType(self, *args):
+                return 12, None
+
+            def CreateBadSchema(self, *args):
+                return "this isn't remotely valid sql", None
+
+            def CreateWrongNumReturns(self, *args):
+                return "way", "too", "many", "items", 3
+
+            def CreateBadSequence(self, *args):
+
+                class badseq(object):
+
+                    def __getitem__(self, which):
+                        if which != 0:
+                            1 / 0
+                        return 12
+
+                    def __len__(self):
+                        return 2
+
+                return badseq()
+
+        # check Create does the right thing - we don't include db since it creates a circular reference
+        self.db.createmodule("testmod1", Source("testmod1", "main", "xyzzy", "1", '"one"'))
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, 'create virtual table xyzzy using testmod1(1,"one")')
+        # unicode
+        uni = u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX}\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE}\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS}"
+
+        self.db.createmodule("testmod1dash1", Source("testmod1dash1", "main", uni, "1", '"' + uni + '"'))
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute,
+                          u'create virtual table %s using testmod1dash1(1,"%s")' % (uni, uni))
+        Source.Create = Source.CreateErrorCode
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, cur.execute, 'create virtual table xyzzz using testmod1(2, "two")')
+        Source.Create = Source.CreateUnicodeException
+        self.assertRaises(Exception, cur.execute, 'create virtual table xyzzz using testmod1(2, "two")')
+        Source.Create = Source.CreateBadSchemaType
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, 'create virtual table xyzzz using testmod1(2, "two")')
+        Source.Create = Source.CreateBadSchema
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, cur.execute, 'create virtual table xyzzz2 using testmod1(2, "two")')
+        Source.Create = Source.CreateWrongNumReturns
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, 'create virtual table xyzzz2 using testmod1(2, "two")')
+        Source.Create = Source.CreateBadSequence
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, 'create virtual table xyzzz2 using testmod1(2, "two")')
+
+        # a good version of Source
+        class Source:
+
+            def Create(self, *args):
+                return dataschema, VTable(list(data))
+
+            Connect = Create
+
+        class VTable:
+
+            # A set of results from bestindex which should all generate TypeError.
+            # Coverage checking will ensure all the code is appropriately tickled
+            badbestindex = (
+                12,
+                (12, ),
+                ((), ),
+                (((), ), ),
+                ((((), ), ), ),
+                (((((), ), ), ), ),
+                ((None, None, None, None, "bad"), ),
+                ((0, None, (0, ), None, None), ),
+                ((("bad", True), None, None, None, None), ),
+                (((0, True), "bad", None, None, None), ),
+                (None, "bad"),
+                [4, (3, True), [2, False], 1, [0]],
+            )
+            numbadbextindex = len(badbestindex)
+
+            def __init__(self, data):
+                self.data = data
+                self.bestindex3val = 0
+
+            def BestIndex1(self, wrong, number, of, arguments):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def BestIndex2(self, *args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def BestIndex3(self, constraints, orderbys):
+                retval = self.badbestindex[self.bestindex3val]
+                self.bestindex3val += 1
+                if self.bestindex3val >= self.numbadbextindex:
+                    self.bestindex3val = 0
+                return retval
+
+            def BestIndex4(self, constraints, orderbys):
+                # this gives ValueError ("bad" is not a float)
+                return (None, 12, u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX}", "anything", "bad")
+
+            def BestIndex5(self, constraints, orderbys):
+                # unicode error
+                return (None, None, "\xde\xad\xbe\xef")
+
+            def BestIndex6(self, constraints, orderbys):
+                return ((0, 1, (2, BadIsTrue()), 3, 4), )
+
+            def BestIndex7(self, constraints, orderbys):
+                return (None, 77, "foo", BadIsTrue(), 99)
+
+            _bestindexreturn = 99
+
+            def BestIndex99(self, constraints, orderbys):
+                cl = list(constraints)
+                cl.sort()
+                assert allconstraintsl == cl
+                assert orderbys == ((2, False), )
+                retval = ([4, (3, True), [2, False], 1, (0, False)], 997, u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX}",
+                          False, 99)[:self._bestindexreturn]
+                return retval
+
+            def BestIndexGood(self, constraints, orderbys):
+                return None
+
+            def BestIndexGood2(self, constraints, orderbys):
+                return []  # empty list is same as None
+
+            def Open(self):
+                return Cursor(self)
+
+            def Open1(self, wrong, number, of, arguments):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Open2(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Open3(self):
+                return None
+
+            def Open99(self):
+                return Cursor(self)
+
+            UpdateInsertRow1 = None
+
+            def UpdateInsertRow2(self, too, many, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def UpdateInsertRow3(self, rowid, fields):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def UpdateInsertRow4(self, rowid, fields):
+                assert rowid is None
+                return None
+
+            def UpdateInsertRow5(self, rowid, fields):
+                assert rowid is None
+                return "this is not a number"
+
+            def UpdateInsertRow6(self, rowid, fields):
+                assert rowid is None
+                return -922337203685477580799  # too big
+
+            def UpdateInsertRow7(self, rowid, fields):
+                assert rowid is None
+                return 9223372036854775807  # ok
+
+            def UpdateInsertRow8(self, rowid, fields):
+                assert rowid is not None
+                assert rowid == -12
+                return "this should be ignored since rowid was supplied"
+
+            def UpdateChangeRow1(self, too, many, args, methinks):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def UpdateChangeRow2(self, rowid, newrowid, fields):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def UpdateChangeRow3(self, rowid, newrowid, fields):
+                assert newrowid == rowid
+
+            def UpdateChangeRow4(self, rowid, newrowid, fields):
+                assert newrowid == rowid + 20
+
+            def UpdateDeleteRow1(self, too, many, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def UpdateDeleteRow2(self, rowid):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def UpdateDeleteRow3(self, rowid):
+                assert rowid == 77
+
+            def Disconnect1(self, too, many, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Disconnect2(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Disconnect3(self):
+                pass
+
+            def Destroy1(self, too, many, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Destroy2(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Destroy3(self):
+                pass
+
+            def Begin1(self, too, many, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Begin2(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Begin3(self):
+                pass
+
+            def Sync(self):
+                pass
+
+            def Commit(self):
+                pass
+
+            def Rollback(self):
+                pass
+
+            def Rename1(self, too, many, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Rename2(self, x):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Rename3(self, x):
+                return ["thisshouldbeignored" * 25, [1]]
+
+            def FindFunction1(self, too, many, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def FindFunction2(self, name, nargs):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def FindFunction3(self, name, nargs):
+                return "this isn't a function"
+
+            def FindFunction4(self, name, nargs):
+                if nargs == 2:
+                    return lambda x, y: x + y
+                return None
+
+        class Cursor:
+
+            _bestindexreturn = 99
+
+            def __init__(self, table):
+                self.table = table
+
+            def Filter1(self, toofewargs):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Filter2(self, *args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Filter99(self, idxnum, idxstr, constraintargs):
+                self.pos = 1  # row 0 is headers
+                if self._bestindexreturn == 0:
+                    assert idxnum == 0
+                    assert idxstr == None
+                    assert constraintargs == ()
+                    return
+                if self._bestindexreturn == 1:
+                    assert idxnum == 0
+                    assert idxstr == None
+                    assert constraintargs == ('foo', 'A', 12.4, 'A', -1000)
+                    return
+                if self._bestindexreturn == 2:
+                    assert idxnum == 997
+                    assert idxstr == None
+                    assert constraintargs == ('foo', 'A', 12.4, 'A', -1000)
+                    return
+                # 3 or more
+                assert idxnum == 997
+                assert idxstr == u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX}"
+                assert constraintargs == ('foo', 'A', 12.4, 'A', -1000)
+
+            def Filter(self, *args):
+                self.Filter99(*args)
+                1 / 0
+
+            def FilterGood(self, *args):
+                self.pos = 1  # row 0 is headers
+
+            def Eof1(self, toomany, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Eof2(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Eof3(self):
+                return BadIsTrue()
+
+            def Eof99(self):
+                return not (self.pos < len(self.table.data))
+
+            def Rowid1(self, too, many, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Rowid2(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Rowid3(self):
+                return "cdrom"
+
+            def Rowid99(self):
+                return self.table.data[self.pos][0]
+
+            def Column1(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Column2(self, too, many, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Column3(self, col):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Column4(self, col):
+                return self  # bad type
+
+            def Column99(self, col):
+                return self.table.data[self.pos][col + 1]  # col 0 is row id
+
+            def Close1(self, too, many, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Close2(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Close99(self):
+                del self.table  # deliberately break ourselves
+
+            def Next1(self, too, many, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Next2(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def Next99(self):
+                self.pos += 1
+
+        # use our more complete version
+        self.db.createmodule("testmod2", Source())
+        cur.execute("create virtual table foo using testmod2(2,two)")
+        # are missing/mangled methods detected correctly?
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, "select rowid,* from foo order by number")
+        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndex1
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, "select rowid,* from foo order by number")
+        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndex2
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, "select rowid,* from foo order by number")
+        # check bestindex results
+        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndex3
+        for i in range(VTable.numbadbextindex):
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndex4
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndex6
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndex7
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+
+        # check varying number of return args from bestindex
+        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndex99
+        for i in range(6):
+            VTable._bestindexreturn = i
+            Cursor._bestindexreturn = i
+            try:
+                cur.execute(" " + allconstraints +
+                            " " * i)  # defeat statement cache - bestindex is called during prepare
+            except ZeroDivisionError:
+                pass
+
+        # error cases ok, return real values and move on to cursor methods
+        del VTable.Open
+        del Cursor.Filter
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)  # missing open
+        VTable.Open = VTable.Open1
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        VTable.Open = VTable.Open2
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        VTable.Open = VTable.Open3
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        VTable.Open = VTable.Open99
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        # put in filter
+        Cursor.Filter = Cursor.Filter1
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        Cursor.Filter = Cursor.Filter2
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        Cursor.Filter = Cursor.Filter99
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        Cursor.Eof = Cursor.Eof1
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        Cursor.Eof = Cursor.Eof2
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        Cursor.Eof = Cursor.Eof3
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        Cursor.Eof = Cursor.Eof99
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        # now onto to rowid
+        Cursor.Rowid = Cursor.Rowid1
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        Cursor.Rowid = Cursor.Rowid2
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        Cursor.Rowid = Cursor.Rowid3
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        Cursor.Rowid = Cursor.Rowid99
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        # column
+        Cursor.Column = Cursor.Column1
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        Cursor.Column = Cursor.Column2
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        Cursor.Column = Cursor.Column3
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        Cursor.Column = Cursor.Column4
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
+        Cursor.Column = Cursor.Column99
+        try:
+            for row in cur.execute(allconstraints):
+                pass
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        # next
+        Cursor.Next = Cursor.Next1
+        try:
+            for row in cur.execute(allconstraints):
+                pass
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        Cursor.Next = Cursor.Next2
+        try:
+            for row in cur.execute(allconstraints):
+                pass
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            pass
+        Cursor.Next = Cursor.Next99
+        try:
+            for row in cur.execute(allconstraints):
+                pass
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        # close
+        Cursor.Close = Cursor.Close1
+        try:
+            for row in cur.execute(allconstraints):
+                pass
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        Cursor.Close = Cursor.Close2
+        try:
+            for row in cur.execute(allconstraints):
+                pass
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            pass
+        Cursor.Close = Cursor.Close99
+
+        # update (insert)
+        sql = "insert into foo (name, description) values('gunk', 'foo')"
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, sql)
+        VTable.UpdateInsertRow = VTable.UpdateInsertRow1
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, sql)
+        VTable.UpdateInsertRow = VTable.UpdateInsertRow2
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, sql)
+        VTable.UpdateInsertRow = VTable.UpdateInsertRow3
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, sql)
+        VTable.UpdateInsertRow = VTable.UpdateInsertRow4
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, sql)
+        VTable.UpdateInsertRow = VTable.UpdateInsertRow5
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cur.execute, sql)
+        VTable.UpdateInsertRow = VTable.UpdateInsertRow6
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, cur.execute, sql)
+        VTable.UpdateInsertRow = VTable.UpdateInsertRow7
+        cur.execute(sql)
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.last_insert_rowid(), 9223372036854775807)
+        VTable.UpdateInsertRow = VTable.UpdateInsertRow8
+        cur.execute("insert into foo (rowid,name, description) values(-12,'gunk', 'foo')")
+
+        # update (change)
+        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndexGood
+        Cursor.Filter = Cursor.FilterGood
+        sql = "update foo set description=='bar' where description=='foo'"
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, sql)
+        VTable.UpdateChangeRow = VTable.UpdateChangeRow1
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, sql)
+        VTable.UpdateChangeRow = VTable.UpdateChangeRow2
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, sql)
+        VTable.UpdateChangeRow = VTable.UpdateChangeRow3
+        cur.execute(sql)
+        VTable.UpdateChangeRow = VTable.UpdateChangeRow4
+        cur.execute("update foo set rowid=rowid+20 where 1")
+
+        # update (delete)
+        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndexGood2  # improves code coverage
+        sql = "delete from foo where name=='Fred'"
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, sql)
+        VTable.UpdateDeleteRow = VTable.UpdateDeleteRow1
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, sql)
+        VTable.UpdateDeleteRow = VTable.UpdateDeleteRow2
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, sql)
+        VTable.UpdateDeleteRow = VTable.UpdateDeleteRow3
+        cur.execute(sql)
+
+        # rename
+        sql = "alter table foo rename to bar"
+        VTable.Rename = VTable.Rename1
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, sql)
+        VTable.Rename = VTable.Rename2
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, sql)
+        VTable.Rename = VTable.Rename3
+        # this is to catch memory leaks
+        cur.execute(sql)
+        del VTable.Rename  # method is optional
+        cur.execute("alter table bar rename to foo")  # put things back
+
+        # findfunction
+        # mess with overload function first
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.overloadfunction, 1, 1)
+        # https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3507
+        # self.db.overloadfunction("a"*1024, 1)
+        self.db.overloadfunction("xyz", 2)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, cur.execute, "select xyz(item,description) from foo")
+        VTable.FindFunction = VTable.FindFunction1
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, "select xyz(item,description) from foo ")
+        VTable.FindFunction = VTable.FindFunction2
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, "select xyz(item,description) from foo  ")
+        VTable.FindFunction = VTable.FindFunction3
+        try:
+            for row in cur.execute("select xyz(item,description) from foo   "):
+                pass
+            1 / 0
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        # this should work
+        VTable.FindFunction = VTable.FindFunction4
+        for row in cur.execute("select xyz(item,description) from foo    "):
+            pass
+
+        # transaction control
+        # Begin, Sync, Commit and rollback all use the same underlying code
+        sql = "delete from foo where name=='Fred'"
+        VTable.Begin = VTable.Begin1
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, sql)
+        VTable.Begin = VTable.Begin2
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, sql)
+        VTable.Begin = VTable.Begin3
+        cur.execute(sql)
+
+        # disconnect - sqlite ignores any errors
+        db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+        db.createmodule("testmod2", Source())
+        cur2 = db.cursor()
+        for _ in cur2.execute("select * from foo"):
+            pass
+        VTable.Disconnect = VTable.Disconnect1
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, db.close)  # nb close succeeds!
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.CursorClosedError, cur2.execute, "select * from foo")
+        del db
+        db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+        db.createmodule("testmod2", Source())
+        cur2 = db.cursor()
+        for _ in cur2.execute("select * from foo"):
+            pass
+        VTable.Disconnect = VTable.Disconnect2
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, db.close)  # nb close succeeds!
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.CursorClosedError, cur2.execute, "select * from foo")
+        del db
+        db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+        db.createmodule("testmod2", Source())
+        cur2 = db.cursor()
+        for _ in cur2.execute("select * from foo"):
+            pass
+        VTable.Disconnect = VTable.Disconnect3
+        db.close()
+        del db
+
+        # destroy
+        VTable.Destroy = VTable.Destroy1
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, "drop table foo")
+        VTable.Destroy = VTable.Destroy2
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, "drop table foo")
+        VTable.Destroy = VTable.Destroy3
+        cur.execute("drop table foo")
+        self.db.close()
+
+    def testVTableExample(self):
+        "Tests vtable example code"
+
+        # Make sure vtable code actually works by comparing SQLite
+        # results against manually computed results
+
+        def getfiledata(directories):
+            columns = None
+            data = []
+            counter = 1
+            for directory in directories:
+                for f in os.listdir(directory):
+                    if not os.path.isfile(os.path.join(directory, f)):
+                        continue
+                    counter += 1
+                    try:
+                        st = os.stat(os.path.join(directory, f))
+                        if columns is None:
+                            columns = ["rowid", "name", "directory"] + [x for x in dir(st) if x.startswith("st_")]
+                        data.append([counter, f, directory] + [getattr(st, x) for x in columns[3:]])
+                    except OSError:
+                        # we ignore file and permission errors in this example
+                        pass
+            return columns, data
+
+        class Source:
+
+            def Create(self, db, modulename, dbname, tablename, *args):
+                columns, data = getfiledata([eval(a) for a in args])  # eval strips off layer of quotes
+                schema = "create table foo(" + ','.join(["'%s'" % (x, ) for x in columns[1:]]) + ")"
+                return schema, Table(columns, data)
+
+            Connect = Create
+
+        class Table:
+
+            def __init__(self, columns, data):
+                self.columns = columns
+                self.data = data
+
+            def BestIndex(self, *args):
+                return None
+
+            def Open(self):
+                return Cursor(self)
+
+            def Disconnect(self):
+                pass
+
+            Destroy = Disconnect
+
+        class Cursor:
+
+            def __init__(self, table):
+                self.table = table
+
+            def Filter(self, *args):
+                self.pos = 0
+
+            def Eof(self):
+                return self.pos >= len(self.table.data)
+
+            def Rowid(self):
+                return self.table.data[self.pos][0]
+
+            def Column(self, col):
+                return self.table.data[self.pos][1 + col]
+
+            def Next(self):
+                self.pos += 1
+
+            def Close(self):
+                pass
+
+        paths = [x.replace("\\", "/") for x in sys.path if len(x) and os.path.isdir(x)]
+        cols, data = getfiledata(paths)
+        self.db.createmodule("filesource", Source())
+        cur = self.db.cursor()
+        args = ",".join(["'%s'" % (x, ) for x in paths])
+        cur.execute("create virtual table files using filesource(" + args + ")")
+
+        # Find the largest file (SQL)
+        for bigsql in cur.execute("select st_size,name,directory from files order by st_size desc limit 1"):
+            pass
+        # Find the largest (manually)
+        colnum = cols.index("st_size")
+        bigmanual = (0, "", "")
+        for file in data:
+            if file[colnum] > bigmanual[0]:
+                bigmanual = file[colnum], file[1], file[2]
+
+        self.assertEqual(bigsql, bigmanual)
+
+        # Find the oldest file (SQL)
+        for oldestsql in cur.execute("select st_ctime,name,directory from files order by st_ctime limit 1"):
+            pass
+        # Find the oldest (manually)
+        colnum = cols.index("st_ctime")
+        oldestmanual = (99999999999999999, "", "")
+        for file in data:
+            if file[colnum] < oldestmanual[0]:
+                oldestmanual = file[colnum], file[1], file[2]
+
+        self.assertEqual(oldestmanual, oldestsql)
+
+    def testClosingChecks(self):
+        "Check closed connection/blob/cursor is correctly detected"
+        cur = self.db.cursor()
+        rowid = next(
+            cur.execute("create table foo(x blob); insert into foo values(zeroblob(98765)); select rowid from foo"))[0]
+        blob = self.db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", rowid, True)
+        blob.close()
+        nargs = self.blob_nargs
+        for func in [x for x in dir(blob) if not x.startswith("__") and not x in ("close", )]:
+            args = ("one", "two", "three")[:nargs.get(func, 0)]
+            try:
+                getattr(blob, func)(*args)
+                self.fail(f"blob method/attribute { func } didn't notice that the connection is closed")
+            except ValueError:  # we issue ValueError to be consistent with file objects
+                pass
+
+        self.db.close()
+        nargs = self.connection_nargs
+        tested = 0
+        for func in [x for x in dir(self.db) if x in nargs or (not x.startswith("__") and not x in ("close", ))]:
+            tested += 1
+            args = ("one", "two", "three")[:nargs.get(func, 0)]
+
+            try:
+                # attributes come back as None after a close
+                func = getattr(self.db, func)
+                if func:
+                    func(*args)
+                    self.fail(f"connection method/attribute { func } didn't notice that the connection is closed")
+            except apsw.ConnectionClosedError:
+                pass
+        self.assertTrue(tested > len(nargs))
+
+        # do the same thing, but for cursor
+        nargs = self.cursor_nargs
+        tested = 0
+        for func in [x for x in dir(cur) if not x.startswith("__") and not x in ("close", )]:
+            tested += 1
+            args = ("one", "two", "three")[:nargs.get(func, 0)]
+            try:
+                getattr(cur, func)(*args)
+                self.fail(f"cursor method/attribute { func } didn't notice that the connection is closed")
+            except apsw.CursorClosedError:
+                pass
+        self.assertTrue(tested >= len(nargs))
+
+    def testClosing(self):
+        "Verify behaviour of close() functions"
+        cur = self.db.cursor()
+        cur.execute("select 3;select 4")
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.IncompleteExecutionError, cur.close)
+        # now force it
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.close, sys)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.close, 1, 2, 3)
+        cur.close(True)
+        l = [self.db.cursor() for i in range(1234)]
+        cur = self.db.cursor()
+        cur.execute("select 3; select 4; select 5")
+        l2 = [self.db.cursor() for i in range(1234)]
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.IncompleteExecutionError, self.db.close)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.close, sys)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.close, 1, 2, 3)
+        self.db.close(True)  # force it
+        self.db.close()  # should be fine now
+        # coverage - close cursor after closing db
+        db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+        cur = db.cursor()
+        db.close()
+        cur.close()
+
+    def testLargeObjects(self):
+        "Verify handling of large strings/blobs (>2GB) [requires 64 bit platform]"
+        assert is64bit
+        # For binary/blobs I use an anonymous area slightly larger than 2GB chunk of memory, but don't touch any of it
+        import mmap
+        f = mmap.mmap(-1, 2 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 + 25000)
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table foo(theblob)")
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.TooBigError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(?)", (f, ))
+        c.execute("insert into foo values(?)", ("jkghjk" * 1024, ))
+        b = self.db.blobopen("main", "foo", "theblob", self.db.last_insert_rowid(), True)
+        b.read(1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, b.write, f)
+
+        def func():
+            return f
+
+        self.db.createscalarfunction("toobig", func)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.TooBigError, c.execute, "select toobig()")
+        f.close()
+        # Other testing by fault injection
+        if not hasattr(apsw, "faultdict"):
+            return
+
+    def testErrorCodes(self):
+        "Verify setting of result codes on error/exception"
+        fname = TESTFILEPREFIX + "gunk-errcode-test"
+        write_whole_file(fname, "wb", b"A" * 8192)
+        db = None
+        try:
+            # The exception could be thrown on either of these lines
+            # depending on several factors
+            db = apsw.Connection(fname)
+            db.cursor().execute("select * from sqlite_master")
+            1 / 0  # should not be reachable
+        except:
+            klass, e, tb = sys.exc_info()
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, apsw.NotADBError))
+            self.assertEqual(e.result, apsw.SQLITE_NOTADB)
+            self.assertEqual(e.extendedresult & 0xff, apsw.SQLITE_NOTADB)
+        if db is not None:
+            db.close(True)
+
+        try:
+            deletefile(fname)
+        except:
+            pass
+
+    def testLimits(self):
+        "Verify setting and getting limits"
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.limit, "apollo", 11)
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table foo(x)")
+        c.execute("insert into foo values(?)", ("x" * 1024, ))
+        old = self.db.limit(apsw.SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH)
+        self.db.limit(apsw.SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH, 1023)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.TooBigError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(?)", ("y" * 1024, ))
+        self.assertEqual(1023, self.db.limit(apsw.SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH, 0))
+        # bug in sqlite - see https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3085
+        if False:
+            c.execute("insert into foo values(?)", ("x" * 1024, ))
+            self.assertEqual(apsw.SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH, self.db.limit(apsw.SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH))
+
+    def testConnectionHooks(self):
+        "Verify connection hooks"
+        del apsw.connection_hooks
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        apsw.connection_hooks = sys  # bad type
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        apsw.connection_hooks = ("a", "tuple", "of", "non-callables")
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        apsw.connection_hooks = (dir, lambda x: 1 / 0)
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            pass
+
+        def delit(db):
+            del db
+
+        apsw.connection_hooks = [delit for _ in range(9000)]
+        db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+        db.close()
+        apsw.connection_hooks = [lambda x: x]
+        db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+        db.close()
+
+    def testCompileOptions(self):
+        "Verify getting compile options"
+        # We don't know what the right answers are, so just check
+        # there are more than zero entries.
+        v = apsw.compile_options
+        self.assertEqual(type(v), tuple)
+        self.assertTrue(len(v) > 1)
+
+    def testKeywords(self):
+        "Verify keywords"
+        k = apsw.keywords
+        self.assertTrue("INSERT" in k)
+
+    def testIssue4(self):
+        "Issue 4: Error messages and SQLite ticket 3063"
+        connection = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+        cursor = connection.cursor()
+
+        cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE A_TABLE (ID ABC PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL)")
+        try:
+            cursor.execute("INSERT INTO A_TABLE VALUES (NULL)")
+        except:
+            klass, e, tb = sys.exc_info()
+            assert "A_TABLE.ID" in str(e)
+
+        try:
+            cursor.execute("INSERT INTO A_TABLE VALUES (?)", (None, ))
+        except:
+            klass, e, tb = sys.exc_info()
+            assert "A_TABLE.ID" in str(e)
+
+    def testIssue15(self):
+        "Issue 15: Release GIL during calls to prepare"
+        self.db.cursor().execute("create table foo(x)")
+        self.db.cursor().execute("begin exclusive")
+        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+        db2.setbusytimeout(30000)
+        t = ThreadRunner(db2.cursor().execute, "select * from foo")
+        t.start()
+        time.sleep(1)
+        self.db.cursor().execute("commit")
+        t.go()
+
+    def testIssue19(self):
+        "Issue 19: Incomplete cursor execution"
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table numbers(x)")
+        for i in range(10):
+            c.execute("insert into numbers values(?)", (i, ))
+        c.execute("select * from numbers")
+        next(c)
+        next(c)
+        next(c)
+        self.db.cursor().execute("delete from numbers where x=5")
+        next(c)
+        next(c)
+
+    def testIssue24(self):
+        "Issue 24: Ints and Longs"
+        c = self.db.cursor()
+        for row in c.execute("select 3"):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(int, type(row[0]))
+        for row in c.execute("select -2147483647-1"):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(int, type(row[0]))
+        for row in c.execute("select 2147483647"):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(int, type(row[0]))
+        # Depending on the platform, sizeof(long), 64 bitness etc we
+        # may remain as python type int or type long. Check we are
+        # getting the right numbers no matter what.  This duplicates
+        # testTypes but you can never be too careful.
+        for v in "2147483646", "2147483647", "2147483648", "2147483649", \
+                "21474836460", "21474836470", "21474836480", "21474836490", \
+                "147483646", "147483647", "147483648", "147483649":
+            for neg in ("-", ""):
+                val = c.execute("select " + neg + v).fetchall()[0][0]
+                val = repr(val)
+                if val.endswith("L"):
+                    val = val[:-1]
+                self.assertEqual(val, neg + v)
+
+    def testIssue31(self):
+        "Issue 31: GIL & SQLite mutexes with heavy threading, threadsafe errors from SQLite"
+        randomnumbers = [random.randint(0, 10000) for _ in range(10000)]
+
+        cursor = self.db.cursor()
+        cursor.execute("create table foo(x)")
+        cursor.execute("begin")
+        for num in randomnumbers:
+            cursor.execute("insert into foo values(?)", (num, ))
+        cursor.execute("end")
+
+        self.db.createscalarfunction("timesten", lambda x: x * 10)
+
+        def dostuff(n):
+            # spend n seconds doing stuff to the database
+            c = self.db.cursor()
+            b4 = time.time()
+            while time.time() - b4 < n:
+                i = random.choice(randomnumbers)
+                if i % 5 == 0:
+                    sql = "select timesten(x) from foo where x=%d order by x" % (i, )
+                    c.execute(sql)
+                elif i % 5 == 1:
+                    sql = "select timesten(x) from foo where x=? order by x"
+                    called = 0
+                    for row in self.db.cursor().execute(sql, (i, )):
+                        called += 1
+                        self.assertEqual(row[0], 10 * i)
+                    # same value could be present multiple times
+                    self.assertTrue(called >= 1)
+                elif i % 5 == 2:
+                    try:
+                        self.db.cursor().execute("deliberate syntax error")
+                    except apsw.SQLError:
+                        assert ("deliberate" in str(sys.exc_info()[1]))
+                elif i % 5 == 3:
+                    try:
+                        self.db.cursor().execute("bogus syntax error")
+                    except apsw.SQLError:
+                        assert ("bogus" in str(sys.exc_info()[1]))
+                else:
+                    sql = "select timesten(x) from foo where x=? order by x"
+                    self.db.cursor().execute(sql, (i, ))
+
+        runtime = int(os.getenv("APSW_HEAVY_DURATION")) if os.getenv("APSW_HEAVY_DURATION") else 15
+        threads = [ThreadRunner(dostuff, runtime) for _ in range(20)]
+        for t in threads:
+            t.start()
+
+        for t in threads:
+            # if there were any errors then exceptions would be raised here
+            t.go()
+
+    def testIssue50(self):
+        "Issue 50: Check Blob.read return value on eof"
+        # first get what the system returns on eof
+        f = open(os.devnull, "rb")
+        try:
+            # deliberately hit eof
+            f.read()
+            # now try to read some more
+            feof = f.read(10)
+        finally:
+            f.close()
+        cur = self.db.cursor()
+        # make a blob to play with
+        rowid = next(
+            cur.execute("create table foo(x blob); insert into foo values(zeroblob(98765)); select rowid from foo"))[0]
+        blobro = self.db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", rowid, False)
+        try:
+            blobro.read(98765)
+            beof = blobro.read(10)
+            self.assertEqual(type(beof), type(feof))
+            self.assertEqual(beof, feof)
+        finally:
+            blobro.close()
+
+    def testIssue98(self, runfrom106=None):
+        "Issue 98: An error in context manager commit should do a rollback"
+        self.db.cursor().execute("create table foo(x); insert into foo values(3); insert into foo values(4)")
+        # We need the reader to block a writer, which requires non-WAL mode
+        self.db.cursor().execute("pragma journal_mode=delete")
+        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+        if runfrom106:
+            db2.setexectrace(runfrom106)
+        db2.cursor().execute("pragma journal_mode=delete")
+        # deliberately don't read from cursor on connection 1 which will prevent a commit
+        x = self.db.cursor().execute("select * from foo")
+        db2.__enter__()
+        db2.cursor().execute("insert into foo values(5)")  # transaction is buffered in memory by SQLite
+        try:
+            db2.__exit__(None, None, None)
+        except apsw.BusyError:
+            pass
+        # Ensure transaction was rolled back
+        x.fetchall()
+        for row in db2.cursor().execute("select * from foo where x=5"):
+            self.fail("Transaction was not rolled back")
+        db2.close()
+        if runfrom106: return
+        # Verify that error in tracer results in rollback
+        self.db.__enter__()
+
+        def h(*args):
+            1 / 0
+
+        self.db.cursor().execute("insert into foo values(6)")
+        self.db.setexectrace(h)
+        try:
+            self.db.__exit__(None, None, None)
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            self.db.setexectrace(None)
+            pass
+        for row in self.db.cursor().execute("select * from foo where x=6"):
+            self.fail("Transaction was not rolled back")
+
+    def testIssue103(self):
+        "Issue 103: Error handling when sqlite3_declare_vtab fails"
+
+        class Source:
+
+            def Create(self, *args):
+                return "create table x(delete)", None
+
+        self.db.createmodule("issue103", Source())
+        try:
+            self.db.cursor().execute("create virtual table foo using issue103()")
+            1 / 0  # should not be reached
+        except apsw.SQLError:
+            assert "near \"delete\": syntax error" in str(sys.exc_info()[1])
+
+    def testIssue106(self):
+        "Issue 106: Profiling and tracing"
+        traces = []
+
+        def tracer(cur, sql, bindings):
+            sql = sql.lower().split()[0]
+            if sql in ("savepoint", "release", "rollback"):
+                traces.append(sql)
+            return True
+
+        self.testIssue98(tracer)
+        self.assertTrue(len(traces) >= 3)
+        self.assertTrue("savepoint" in traces)
+        self.assertTrue("release" in traces)
+        self.assertTrue("rollback" in traces)
+
+    def testIssue142(self):
+        "Issue 142: bytes from system during dump"
+        orig_strftime = time.strftime
+        orig_getuser = getpass.getuser
+        fh = []
+        try:
+            time.strftime = lambda arg: b"gjkTIMEJUNKhgjhg\xfe\xdf"
+            getpass.getuser = lambda: b"\x81\x82\x83gjkhgUSERJUNKjhg\xfe\xdf"
+            fh = [open(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-" + t, "w+", encoding="utf8") for t in ("in", "out", "err")]
+            kwargs = {"stdin": fh[0], "stdout": fh[1], "stderr": fh[2]}
+
+            rows = (["correct"], ["horse"], ["battery"], ["staple"])
+            self.db.cursor().execute("create table foo(x)")
+            self.db.cursor().executemany("insert into foo values(?)", rows)
+            shell = apsw.shell.Shell(db=self.db, **kwargs)
+            shell.command_dump([])
+
+            fh[1].seek(0)
+            out = fh[1].read()
+
+            for row in rows:
+                self.assertTrue(row[0] in out)
+
+            self.assertTrue("TIMEJUNK" in out)
+            self.assertTrue("USERJUNK" in out)
+
+        finally:
+            for f in fh:
+                f.close()
+            time.strftime = orig_strftime
+            getpass.getuser = orig_getuser
+
+    def testIssue186(self):
+        "Issue 186: desription cache between statements"
+        cur = self.db.cursor()
+
+        for i, row in enumerate(cur.execute("select 1; select 1,2; select 1,2,3; select 1,2,3,4;")):
+            # this catches if the order of getting them makes a difference
+            if i % 2:
+                self.assertEqual(len(cur.description), len(cur.getdescription()))
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(len(cur.getdescription()), len(cur.description))
+            self.assertEqual(len(cur.description), i + 1)
+
+        # check executemany too
+        for i, row in enumerate(
+                cur.executemany("select ?; select ?,?; select ?,?,?; select ?,?,?,?;", [
+                    (1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4),
+                    (1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4),
+                ])):
+            i %= 4
+            self.assertEqual(len(cur.getdescription()), i + 1)
+
+        # and the tracers
+        def tracer(cursor, *args):
+            self.assertEqual(len(cursor.getdescription()), expect)
+            return True
+
+        expect = 1
+        cur.setexectrace(tracer)
+        cur.setrowtrace(tracer)
+        for i, row in enumerate(cur.execute("select 1; select 1,2; select 1,2,3; select 1,2,3,4;")):
+            expect += 1
+        expect = 1
+        for i, row in enumerate(
+                cur.executemany("select ?; select ?,?; select ?,?,?; select ?,?,?,?;", [
+                    (1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4),
+                    (1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4),
+                ])):
+            expect += 1
+            if expect > 4: expect = 1
+
+    def testTicket2158(self):
+        "Check we are not affected by SQLite ticket #2158"
+
+        # https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=2158
+        def dummy(x, y):
+            if x < y: return -1
+            if x > y: return 1
+            return 0
+
+        self.db.createcollation("dummy", dummy)
+        cur = self.db.cursor()
+        cur.execute("create table foo(x)")
+        cur.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(20))
+        for row in cur.execute("select * from foo order by x collate dummy"):
+            pass
+        self.db.createcollation("dummy", None)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, cur.execute, "select * from foo order by x collate dummy")
+
+    def testIssue199(self):
+        "Backup API should accept Connection subclasses"
+
+        # https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/199
+        class subclass(apsw.Connection):
+            pass
+
+        dbsub = subclass("")
+        dbsub.cursor().execute("create table a(b);insert into a values(3);")
+
+        b = self.db.backup("main", dbsub, "main")
+        try:
+            while not b.done:
+                b.step(100)
+        finally:
+            b.finish()
+
+    def testIssue311(self):
+        "Indirect descendents of VFS should support WAL (in addition to direct subclasses)"
+
+        class vfswrapped(apsw.VFS):
+
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.myname = "testIssue311"
+                self.base = ""
+                apsw.VFS.__init__(self, self.myname, self.base)
+
+            def xOpen(self, name, flags):
+                return vfsfilewrap(self.base, name, flags)
+
+        class vfsfilewrap(apsw.VFSFile):
+
+            def __init__(self, parent, name, flags):
+                apsw.VFSFile.__init__(self, parent, name, flags)
+
+        # we make testdb be wal and then try to work with it
+        self.db.cursor().execute(
+            "pragma journal_mode=wal; create table test(x,y); insert into test values(3,4)").fetchall()
+
+        wrap = vfswrapped()
+
+        con = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", vfs=wrap.myname)
+
+        for row in con.cursor().execute("select x+y from test"):
+            self.assertEqual(row[0], 7)
+            break
+        else:
+            self.fail("No rows seen")
+
+    def testIssue314(self):
+        "Reference cycles between instance, Connection and instance.method"
+        cleared = []
+
+        class SelfReferencer:
+
+            def __del__(self):
+                cleared.append(id(self))
+
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.db = apsw.Connection("")
+                self.db.setbusyhandler(self.refme)
+                self.cur = self.db.cursor()
+                self.cur.setrowtrace(self.refme)
+
+            def refme(self):
+                pass
+
+        for i in range(1000):
+            SelfReferencer()
+        gc.collect()
+        self.assertEqual(1000, len(cleared))
+
+    def testPysqliteRecursiveIssue(self):
+        "Check an issue that affected pysqlite"
+        # https://code.google.com/p/pysqlite/source/detail?r=260ee266d6686e0f87b0547c36b68a911e6c6cdb
+        cur = self.db.cursor()
+        cur.execute("create table a(x); create table b(y);")
+
+        def foo():
+            yield (1, )
+            cur.execute("insert into a values(?)", (1, ))
+            yield (2, )
+
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.ThreadingViolationError, cur.executemany, "insert into b values(?)", foo())
+
+    def testWriteUnraiseable(self):
+        "Verify writeunraiseable replacement function"
+
+        def unraise():
+            # We cause an unraiseable error to happen by writing to a
+            # blob open for reading.  The close method called in the
+            # destructor will then also give the error
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            rowid = next(db.cursor().execute(
+                "create table foo(x); insert into foo values(x'aabbccdd'); select rowid from foo"))[0]
+            blob = db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", rowid, False)
+            try:
+                blob.write(b"badd")
+            except apsw.ReadOnlyError:
+                pass
+            del db
+            del blob
+            gc.collect()
+
+        # Normal excepthook
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(apsw.ReadOnlyError, unraise)
+        # excepthook with error to check PyErr_Display is called
+        xx = sys.excepthook
+        yy = sys.stderr
+        sys.stderr = open(TESTFILEPREFIX + "errout.txt", "wt", encoding="utf8")
+
+        def ehook(blah):
+            1 / 0
+
+        sys.excepthook = ehook
+        unraise()
+        sys.stderr.close()
+        v = open(TESTFILEPREFIX + "errout.txt", "rt", encoding="utf8").read()
+        deletefile(TESTFILEPREFIX + "errout.txt")
+        self.assertTrue(len(v))
+        sys.excepthook = xx
+        sys.stderr = yy
+
+    def testStatementCache(self, scsize=17):
+        "Verify statement cache integrity"
+        self.db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", statementcachesize=scsize)
+        cur = self.db.cursor()
+        cur.execute("create table foo(x,y)")
+        cur.execute("create index foo_x on foo(x)")
+        cur.execute("insert into foo values(1,2)")
+        cur.execute("drop index foo_x")
+        cur.execute("insert into foo values(1,2)")  # cache hit, but needs reprepare
+        cur.execute("drop table foo; create table foo(x)")
+        try:
+            cur.execute("insert into foo values(1,2)")  # cache hit, but invalid sql
+        except apsw.SQLError:
+            pass
+        cur.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", [[1], [2]])
+        # overflow the statement cache
+        l = [self.db.cursor().execute("select x from foo" + " " * i) for i in range(scsize + 200)]
+        del l
+        gc.collect()
+        # coverage
+        l = []
+        for i in range(scsize + 10):
+            l.append(self.db.cursor().execute("select x from foo" + " " * i))
+            for row in self.db.cursor().execute("select * from foo"):
+                pass
+        # other wrangling
+        l = [self.db.cursor().execute("select x from foo") for i in range(scsize + 200)]
+        for i in range(scsize + 200):
+            for row in self.db.cursor().execute("select * from foo" + " " * i):
+                pass
+        del l
+        gc.collect()
+        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", statementcachesize=scsize)
+        cur2 = db2.cursor()
+        cur2.execute("create table bar(x,y)")
+        for _ in cur.execute("select * from foo"):
+            pass
+        db2.close()
+        # Get some coverage - overflow cache and recycling
+        l = [self.db.cursor().execute(u"select 3" + " " * i) for i in range(100 + 256 + 17)]
+        while l:
+            l.pop().fetchall()
+        # embedded nulls
+        got = []
+        try:
+            for row in cur.execute("select 3;select 4\0;select 5"):
+                got.append(row[0])
+        except ValueError:
+            self.assertEqual(got, [3])
+        # these compile to null vdbe
+        for _ in range(5):  # ensure statement cache is used
+            for query in (
+                    "",
+                    "-- foo",
+                    ";",
+                    "\n",
+            ):
+                for row in cur.execute(query):
+                    self.fail("Query is empty")
+        # check with stats
+        s = self.db.cache_stats()
+        self.assertEqual(s["size"], scsize)
+        s2 = self.db.cache_stats(True)
+        s2.pop("entries")
+        self.assertEqual(s, s2)
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.execute("select 3" + " " * s["max_cacheable_bytes"] + "+1").fetchall(), [(4, )])
+        self.assertEqual(s["too_big"] + 1, self.db.cache_stats().pop("too_big"))
+
+        s = self.db.cache_stats()
+        self.db.execute("select 997", can_cache=False).fetchall()
+        self.assertEqual(s["no_cache"] + 1, self.db.cache_stats().pop("no_cache"))
+        self.db.execute("select 997", can_cache=True).fetchall()
+        self.assertEqual(s["misses"] + 2, self.db.cache_stats().pop("misses"))
+        self.db.execute("select 997", can_cache=True).fetchall()
+        self.assertEqual(s["misses"] + 2 + (1 if not scsize else 0), self.db.cache_stats().pop("misses"))
+
+        # prepare_flags
+        class VTModule:
+            def Create(self, *args):
+                return ("create table dontcare(x int)", VTTable())
+            Connect = Create
+
+        class VTTable:
+            def Open(self):
+                return VTCursor()
+            def BestIndex(self, *args):
+                return None
+
+        class VTCursor:
+            rows=[[99], [100]]
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.pos=0
+            def Filter(self, *args):
+                self.pos=0
+            def Eof(self):
+                return self.pos>=len(self.rows)
+            def Column(self, num):
+                if num<0:
+                    return self.pos+1_000_000
+                return self.rows[self.pos][num]
+            def Next(self):
+                self.pos+=1
+            def Close(self):
+                pass
+
+
+        vt=VTModule()
+        self.db.createmodule("fortestingonly", vt)
+        # no_vtab doesn't block creating a vtab
+        self.db.execute("create VIRTUAL table fred USING fortestingonly()", prepare_flags=apsw.SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB)
+        # make sure query using vtab is identical so cache would be hit
+        query = "select * from fred"
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.execute(query).fetchall(), [(99,), (100,)])
+        # this should fail (sqlite pretends the vtabs don't exist rather than giving specific error)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError,  self.db.execute, "select * from fred", prepare_flags=apsw.SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB)
+
+    def testStatementCacheZeroSize(self):
+        "Rerun statement cache tests with a zero sized/disabled cache"
+        self.db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", statementcachesize=-1)
+        self.testStatementCache(0)
+
+    # the text also includes characters that can't be represented in 16 bits (BMP)
+    wikipedia_text = u"""Wikipedia\nThe Free Encyclopedia\nEnglish\n6 383 000+ articles\n日本語\n1 292 000+ 記事\nРусский\n1 756 000+ статей\nDeutsch\n2 617 000+ Artikel\nEspañol\n1 717 000+ artículos\nFrançais\n2 362 000+ articles\nItaliano\n1 718 000+ voci\n中文\n1 231 000+ 條目\nPolski\n1 490 000+ haseł\nPortuguês\n1 074 000+ artigos\nSearch Wikipedia\nEN\nEnglish\n\n Read Wikipedia in your language\n1 000 000+ articles\nPolski\nالعربية\nDeutsch\nEnglish\nEspañol\nFrançais\nItaliano\nمصرى\nNederlands\n日本語\nPortuguês\nРусский\nSinugboanong Binisaya\nSvenska\nУкраїнська\nTiếng Việt\nWinaray\n中文\n100 000+ articles\nAfrikaans\nSlovenčina\nAsturianu\nAzərbaycanca\nБългарски\nBân-lâm-gú / Hō-ló-oē\nবাংলা\nБеларуская\nCatalà\nČeština\nCymraeg\nDansk\nEesti\nΕλληνικά\nEsperanto\nEuskara\nفارسی\nGalego\n한국어\nՀայերեն\nहिन्दी\nHrvatski\nBahasa Indonesia\nעברית\nქართული\nLatina\nLatviešu\nLietuvių\nMagyar\nМакедонски\nBahasa Melayu\nBahaso Minangkabau\nNorskbokmålnynorsk\nНохчийн\nOʻzbekcha / Ўзбекча\nҚазақша / Qazaqşa / قازاقشا\nRomână\nSimple English\nSlovenščina\nСрпски / Srpski\nSrpskohrvatski / Српскохрватски\nSuomi\nதமிழ்\nТатарча / Tatarça\nภาษาไทย\nТоҷикӣ\nتۆرکجه\nTürkçe\nاردو\nVolapük\n粵語\nမြန်မာဘာသာ\n10 000+ articles\nBahsa Acèh\nAlemannisch\nአማርኛ\nAragonés\nBasa Banyumasan\nБашҡортса\nБеларуская (Тарашкевіца)\nBikol Central\nবিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী\nBoarisch\nBosanski\nBrezhoneg\nЧӑвашла\nDiné Bizaad\nEmigliàn–Rumagnòl\nFøroyskt\nFrysk\nGaeilge\nGàidhlig\nગુજરાતી\nHausa\nHornjoserbsce\nIdo\nIlokano\nInterlingua\nИрон æвзаг\nÍslenska\nJawa\nಕನ್ನಡ\nKreyòl Ayisyen\nKurdî / كوردی\nکوردیی ناوەندی\nКыргызча\nКырык Мары\nLëtzebuergesch\nLimburgs\nLombard\nLìgure\nमैथिली\nMalagasy\nമലയാളം\n文言\nमराठी\nმარგალური\nمازِرونی\nMìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ / 閩東語\nМонгол\nनेपाल भाषा\nनेपाली\nNnapulitano\nNordfriisk\nOccitan\nМарий\nଓଡି଼ଆ\nਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ)\nپنجابی (شاہ مکھی)\nپښتو\nPiemontèis\nPlattdüütsch\nQırımtatarca\nRuna Simi\nसंस्कृतम्\nСаха Тыла\nScots\nShqip\nSicilianu\nසිංහල\nسنڌي\nŚlůnski\nBasa Sunda\nKiswahili\nTagalog\nతెలుగు\nᨅᨔ ᨕᨙᨁᨗ / Basa Ugi\nVèneto\nWalon\n吳語\nייִדיש\nYorùbá\nZazaki\nŽemaitėška\nisiZulu\n1 000+ articles\nАдыгэбзэ\nÆnglisc\nAkan\nаԥсшәа\nԱրեւմտահայերէն\nArmãneashce\nArpitan\nܐܬܘܪܝܐ\nAvañe’ẽ\nАвар\nAymar\nBasa Bali\nBahasa Banjar\nभोजपुरी\nBislama\nབོད་ཡིག\nБуряад\nChavacano de Zamboanga\nCorsu\nVahcuengh / 話僮\nDavvisámegiella\nDeitsch\nދިވެހިބަސް\nDolnoserbski\nЭрзянь\nEstremeñu\nFiji Hindi\nFurlan\nGaelg\nGagauz\nGĩkũyũ\nگیلکی\n贛語\nHak-kâ-ngî / 客家語\nХальмг\nʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi\nIgbo\nInterlingue\nKabɩyɛ\nKapampangan\nKaszëbsczi\nKernewek\nភាសាខ្មែរ\nKinyarwanda\nКоми\nKongo\nकोंकणी / Konknni\nKriyòl Gwiyannen\nພາສາລາວ\nDzhudezmo / לאדינו\nЛакку\nLatgaļu\nЛезги\nLingála\nlojban\nLuganda\nMalti\nReo Mā’ohi\nMāori\nMirandés\nМокшень\nߒߞߏ\nNa Vosa Vaka-Viti\nNāhuatlahtōlli\nDorerin Naoero\nNedersaksisch\nNouormand / Normaund\nNovial\nAfaan Oromoo\nঅসমীযা়\nपालि\nPangasinán\nPapiamentu\nПерем Коми\nPfälzisch\nPicard\nКъарачай–Малкъар\nQaraqalpaqsha\nRipoarisch\nRumantsch\nРусиньскый Язык\nGagana Sāmoa\nSardu\nSeeltersk\nSesotho sa Leboa\nChiShona\nSoomaaliga\nSranantongo\nTaqbaylit\nTarandíne\nTetun\nTok Pisin\nfaka Tonga\nTürkmençe\nТыва дыл\nУдмурт\nئۇيغۇرچه\nVepsän\nVõro\nWest-Vlams\nWolof\nisiXhosa\nZeêuws\n100+ articles\nBamanankan\nChamoru\nChichewa\nEʋegbe\nFulfulde\n𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺\nᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / Inuktitut\nIñupiak\nKalaallisut\nكٲشُر\nLi Niha\nNēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ\nNorfuk / Pitkern\nΠοντιακά\nརྫོང་ཁ\nRomani\nKirundi\nSängö\nSesotho\nSetswana\nСловѣ́ньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ\nSiSwati\nThuɔŋjäŋ\nᏣᎳᎩ\nTsėhesenėstsestotse\nTshivenḓa\nXitsonga\nchiTumbuka\nTwi\nትግርኛ\nဘာသာ မန်\n"""
+    assert (any(ord(c) > 65536 for c in wikipedia_text))
+
+    def testWikipedia(self):
+        "Use front page of wikipedia to check unicode handling"
+        self.db.close()
+        text = APSW.wikipedia_text
+        for encoding in "UTF-16", "UTF-16le", "UTF-16be", "UTF-8":
+            if os.path.exists(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb"):
+                deletefile(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+            db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+            c = db.cursor()
+            c.execute("pragma encoding=\"%s\"" % (encoding, ))
+            for row in c.execute("pragma encoding"):
+                # we use startswith as UTF-16 will be returned with le/be suffix
+                self.assertTrue(row[0].startswith(encoding))
+            c.execute("create table foo(x); insert into foo values(?)", (text, ))
+            for row in c.execute("select * from foo"):
+                self.assertEqual(row[0], text)
+            db.close()
+
+    # calls that need protection
+    calls={
+        'sqlite3api': { # items of interest - sqlite3 calls
+                        'match': re.compile(r"(sqlite3_[A-Za-z0-9_]+)\s*\("),
+                        # what must also be on same or preceding line
+                        'needs': re.compile("PYSQLITE(_|_BLOB_|_CON_|_CUR_|_SC_|_VOID_|_BACKUP_)CALL"),
+
+           # except if match.group(1) matches this - these don't
+           # acquire db mutex so no need to wrap (determined by
+           # examining sqlite3.c).  If they acquire non-database
+           # mutexes then that is ok.
+
+           # In the case of sqlite3_result_*|declare_vtab, the mutex
+           # is already held by enclosing sqlite3_step and the
+           # methods will only be called from that same thread so it
+           # isn't a problem.
+                        'skipcalls': re.compile("^sqlite3_(blob_bytes|column_count|bind_parameter_count|data_count|vfs_.+|changes64|total_changes64"
+                                                "|get_autocommit|last_insert_rowid|complete|interrupt|limit|malloc64|free|threadsafe|value_.+"
+                                                "|libversion|enable_shared_cache|initialize|shutdown|config|memory_.+|soft_heap_limit(64)?"
+                                                "|randomness|db_readonly|db_filename|release_memory|status64|result_.+|user_data|mprintf|aggregate_context"
+                                                "|declare_vtab|backup_remaining|backup_pagecount|mutex_enter|mutex_leave|sourceid|uri_.+"
+                                                "|column_name|column_decltype|column_database_name|column_table_name|column_origin_name"
+                                                "|stmt_isexplain|stmt_readonly)$"),
+                        # error message
+                        'desc': "sqlite3_ calls must wrap with PYSQLITE_CALL",
+                        },
+        'inuse':        {
+                        'match': re.compile(r"(convert_column_to_pyobject|statementcache_prepare|statementcache_finalize|statementcache_next)\s*\("),
+                        'needs': re.compile("INUSE_CALL"),
+                        'desc': "call needs INUSE wrapper",
+                        "skipfiles": re.compile(r".*[/\\]statementcache.c$"),
+                        },
+        }
+
+    def sourceCheckMutexCall(self, filename, name, lines):
+        # we check that various calls are wrapped with various macros
+        for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+            if "PYSQLITE_CALL" in line and "Py" in line:
+                self.fail("%s: %s() line %d - Py call while GIL released - %s" % (filename, name, i, line.strip()))
+            for k, v in self.calls.items():
+                if v.get('skipfiles', None) and v['skipfiles'].match(filename):
+                    continue
+                mo = v['match'].search(line)
+                if mo:
+                    func = mo.group(1)
+                    if v.get('skipcalls', None) and v['skipcalls'].match(func):
+                        continue
+                    if not v["needs"].search(line) and not v["needs"].search(lines[i - 1]):
+                        self.fail("%s: %s() line %d call to %s(): %s - %s\n" %
+                                  (filename, name, i, func, v['desc'], line.strip()))
+
+    def sourceCheckFunction(self, filename, name, lines):
+        # not further checked
+        if name.split("_")[0] in ("ZeroBlobBind", "APSWVFS", "APSWVFSFile", "APSWBuffer", "FunctionCBInfo",
+                                  "apswurifilename"):
+            return
+
+        checks = {
+            "APSWCursor": {
+                "skip": ("dealloc", "init", "dobinding", "dobindings", "doexectrace", "dorowtrace", "step", "close",
+                         "close_internal", "tp_traverse"),
+                "req": {
+                    "use": "CHECK_USE",
+                    "closed": "CHECK_CURSOR_CLOSED",
+                },
+                "order": ("use", "closed")
+            },
+            "Connection": {
+                "skip": ("internal_cleanup", "dealloc", "init", "close", "interrupt", "close_internal",
+                         "remove_dependent", "readonly", "getmainfilename", "db_filename", "traverse", "clear",
+                         "tp_traverse", "get_cursor_factory", "set_cursor_factory"),
+                "req": {
+                    "use": "CHECK_USE",
+                    "closed": "CHECK_CLOSED",
+                },
+                "order": ("use", "closed")
+            },
+            "APSWBlob": {
+                "skip": ("dealloc", "init", "close", "close_internal"),
+                "req": {
+                    "use": "CHECK_USE",
+                    "closed": "CHECK_BLOB_CLOSED"
+                },
+                "order": ("use", "closed")
+            },
+            "APSWBackup": {
+                "skip": ("dealloc", "init", "close_internal", "get_remaining", "get_pagecount"),
+                "req": {
+                    "use": "CHECK_USE",
+                    "closed": "CHECK_BACKUP_CLOSED"
+                },
+                "order": ("use", "closed")
+            },
+            "apswvfs": {
+                "req": {
+                    "preamble": "VFSPREAMBLE",
+                    "tb": "AddTraceBackHere",
+                    "postamble": "VFSPOSTAMBLE"
+                },
+                "order": ("preamble", "tb", "postamble")
+            },
+            "apswvfspy": {
+                "req": {
+                    "check": "CHECKVFSPY",
+                    "notimpl": "VFSNOTIMPLEMENTED(%(base)s,"
+                },
+                "order": ("check", "notimpl"),
+            },
+            "apswvfspy_unregister": {
+                "req": {
+                    "check": "CHECKVFSPY",
+                },
+            },
+            "apswvfsfile": {
+                "req": {
+                    "preamble": "FILEPREAMBLE",
+                    "postamble": "FILEPOSTAMBLE",
+                },
+                "order": ("preamble", "postamble")
+            },
+            "apswvfsfilepy": {
+                "skip": ("xClose", ),
+                "req": {
+                    "check": "CHECKVFSFILEPY",
+                    "notimpl": "VFSFILENOTIMPLEMENTED(%(base)s,"
+                },
+                "order": ("check", "notimpl"),
+            },
+        }
+
+        prefix, base = name.split("_", 1)
+        if name in checks:
+            checker = checks[name]
+        elif prefix in checks:
+            checker = checks[prefix]
+        else:
+            self.fail(filename + ": " + prefix + " not in checks (" + name + ")")
+
+        if base in checker.get("skip", ()):
+            return
+
+        format = {"base": base, "prefix": prefix}
+
+        found = {}
+        for k in checker["req"]:
+            found[k] = None
+
+        # check the lines
+        for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+            for k, v in checker["req"].items():
+                v = v % format
+                if v in line and found[k] is None:
+                    found[k] = i
+
+        # check they are present
+        for k, v in checker["req"].items():
+            if found[k] is None:
+                v = v % format
+                self.fail(filename + ": " + k + " " + v + " missing in " + name)
+
+        # check order
+        order = checker.get("order", ())
+        for i in range(len(order) - 2):
+            b4 = order[i]
+            after = order[i + 1]
+            if found[b4] > found[after]:
+                self.fail(filename + ": " + checker["req"][b4] % format + " should be before " +
+                          checker["req"][after] % format + " in " + name)
+
+        return
+
+    should_use_compat = ("PyObject_CheckReadBuffer", "PyObject_AsReadBuffer")
+
+    def testSourceChecks(self):
+        "Check various source code issues"
+        # We expect a coding style where the functions are named
+        # Object_method, are at the start of the line and have a first
+        # parameter named self.
+        for filename in glob.glob("src/*.c"):
+            if filename.endswith("testextension.c"):
+                continue
+            # check not using C++ style comments
+            code = read_whole_file(filename, "rt").replace("http://", "http:__").replace("https://", "https:__")
+            if "//" in code:
+                self.fail("// style comment in " + filename)
+
+            if filename.replace("\\", "/") != "src/pyutil.c":
+                for n in self.should_use_compat:
+                    if n in code:
+                        self.fail("Should be using compat function for %s in file %s" % (n, filename))
+
+            # check check funcs
+            funcpat1 = re.compile(r"^(\w+_\w+)\s*\(\s*\w+\s*\*\s*self")
+            funcpat2 = re.compile(r"^(\w+)\s*\(")
+            name1 = None
+            name2 = None
+            lines = []
+            infunc = 0
+            for line in read_whole_file(filename, "rt").split("\n"):
+                if line.startswith("}") and infunc:
+                    if infunc == 1:
+                        self.sourceCheckMutexCall(filename, name1, lines)
+                        self.sourceCheckFunction(filename, name1, lines)
+                    elif infunc == 2:
+                        self.sourceCheckMutexCall(filename, name2, lines)
+                    else:
+                        assert False
+                    infunc = 0
+                    lines = []
+                    name1 = None
+                    name2 = None
+                    continue
+                if name1 and line.startswith("{"):
+                    infunc = 1
+                    continue
+                if name2 and line.startswith("{"):
+                    infunc = 2
+                    continue
+                if infunc:
+                    lines.append(line)
+                    continue
+                m = funcpat1.match(line)
+                if m:
+                    name1 = m.group(1)
+                    continue
+                m = funcpat2.match(line)
+                if m:
+                    name2 = m.group(1)
+                    continue
+
+    def testConfig(self):
+        "Verify sqlite3_config wrapper"
+        # we need to ensure there are no outstanding sqlite objects
+        self.db = None
+        gc.collect()
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.MisuseError, apsw.config, apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS, True)
+        apsw.shutdown()
+        try:
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.config)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.config, "chicken")
+            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.config, apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD, 2)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.config, apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS)
+            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS, True)
+            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS, False)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.config, 89748937)
+            x = 0x7fffffff
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, apsw.config, x * x * x * x)
+            self.assertTrue(apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ) >= 0)
+            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ, -1)
+        finally:
+            # put back to normal
+            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED)
+            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS, True)
+            apsw.initialize()
+
+    def testFaultInjectionTested(self):
+        "Make sure all fault injection is tested"
+        faults = set()
+        for filename in glob.glob("src/*.c"):
+            with open(filename, "rt", encoding="utf8") as f:
+                for line in f:
+                    if "APSW_FAULT_INJECT" in line and "#define" not in line:
+                        mo = re.match(r".*APSW_FAULT_INJECT\s*\(\s*(?P<name>\w+)\s*,.*", line)
+                        assert mo, f"Failed to match line { line }"
+                        name = mo.group("name")
+                        assert name not in faults, f"fault inject name { name } found multiple times"
+                        faults.add(name)
+
+        testcode = read_whole_file(__file__, "rt", "utf8")
+
+        # special case
+        if re.search(r"\bBackupDependent\b", testcode):
+            for n in range(1, 6):
+                testcode += f"\nBackupDependent{ n }\n"
+
+        for name in sorted(faults):
+            self.assertTrue(re.search(f"\\b{ name }\\b", testcode), f"Couldn't find test for fault '{ name }'")
+
+    def testMemory(self):
+        "Verify memory tracking functions"
+        self.assertNotEqual(apsw.memoryused(), 0)
+        self.assertTrue(apsw.memoryhighwater() >= apsw.memoryused())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.memoryhighwater, "eleven")
+        apsw.memoryhighwater(True)
+        self.assertEqual(apsw.memoryhighwater(), apsw.memoryused())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.softheaplimit, 1, 2)
+        apsw.softheaplimit(0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.releasememory, 1, 2)
+        res = apsw.releasememory(0x7fffffff)
+        self.assertTrue(type(res) in (int, ))
+        apsw.softheaplimit(0x1234567890abc)
+        self.assertEqual(0x1234567890abc, apsw.softheaplimit(0x1234567890abe))
+
+    def testRandomness(self):
+        "Verify randomness routine"
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.randomness, "three")
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, apsw.randomness, 0xffffffffee)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, apsw.randomness, -2)
+        self.assertEqual(0, len(apsw.randomness(0)))
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(apsw.randomness(1)))
+        self.assertEqual(16383, len(apsw.randomness(16383)))
+        self.assertNotEqual(apsw.randomness(77), apsw.randomness(77))
+
+    def testSqlite3Pointer(self):
+        "Verify getting underlying sqlite3 pointer"
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.sqlite3pointer, 7)
+        self.assertTrue(type(self.db.sqlite3pointer()) in (int, ))
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.sqlite3pointer(), self.db.sqlite3pointer())
+        self.assertNotEqual(self.db.sqlite3pointer(), apsw.Connection(":memory:").sqlite3pointer())
+
+    def testPickle(self, module=None):
+        "Verify data etc can be pickled"
+        if module == None:
+            import pickle
+            self.testPickle(pickle)
+            try:
+                import cPickle
+                self.testPickle(cPickle)
+            except ImportError:
+                pass
+            return
+
+        import pickle
+        PicklingError = pickle.PicklingError
+        try:
+            import cPickle
+            PicklingError = (PicklingError, cPickle.PicklingError)
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+
+        # work out what protocol versions we can use
+        versions = []
+        for num in range(-1, 20):
+            try:
+                module.dumps(3, num)
+                versions.append(num)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+        # some objects to try pickling
+        vals = test_types_vals
+        cursor = self.db.cursor()
+        cursor.execute("create table if not exists t(i,x)")
+
+        def canpickle(val):
+            return True
+
+        cursor.execute("BEGIN")
+        cursor.executemany("insert into t values(?,?)", [(i, v) for i, v in enumerate(vals) if canpickle(v)])
+        cursor.execute("COMMIT")
+
+        for ver in versions:
+            for row in cursor.execute("select * from t"):
+                self.assertEqual(row, module.loads(module.dumps(row, ver)))
+                rownum, val = row
+                if type(vals[rownum]) is float:
+                    self.assertAlmostEqual(vals[rownum], val)
+                else:
+                    self.assertEqual(vals[rownum], val)
+            # can't pickle cursors
+            try:
+                module.dumps(cursor, ver)
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+            except PicklingError:
+                pass
+            # some versions can pickle the db, but give a zeroed db back
+            db = None
+            try:
+                db = module.loads(module.dumps(self.db, ver))
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+            if db is not None:
+                self.assertRaises(apsw.ConnectionClosedError, db.db_filename, "main")
+                self.assertRaises(apsw.ConnectionClosedError, db.cursor)
+                self.assertRaises(apsw.ConnectionClosedError, db.getautocommit)
+                self.assertRaises(apsw.ConnectionClosedError, db.in_transaction)
+
+    def testStatus(self):
+        "Verify status function"
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.status, "zebra")
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.MisuseError, apsw.status, 2323)
+        for i in apsw.mapping_status:
+            if type(i) != type(""): continue
+            res = apsw.status(getattr(apsw, i))
+            self.assertEqual(len(res), 2)
+            self.assertEqual(type(res), tuple)
+            self.assertTrue(res[0] <= res[1])
+
+    def testDBStatus(self):
+        "Verify db status function"
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.status, "zebra")
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.db.status, 2323)
+        for i in apsw.mapping_db_status:
+            if type(i) != type(""): continue
+            res = self.db.status(getattr(apsw, i))
+            self.assertEqual(len(res), 2)
+            self.assertEqual(type(res), tuple)
+            self.assertTrue(res[1] == 0 or res[0] <= res[1])
+
+    def testTxnState(self):
+        "Verify db.txn_state"
+        n = u"\u1234\u3454324"
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.txn_state, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(apsw.mapping_txn_state["SQLITE_TXN_NONE"], self.db.txn_state())
+        self.db.cursor().execute("BEGIN EXCLUSIVE")
+        self.assertEqual(apsw.mapping_txn_state["SQLITE_TXN_WRITE"], self.db.txn_state())
+        self.db.cursor().execute("END")
+        self.assertEqual(apsw.mapping_txn_state["SQLITE_TXN_NONE"], self.db.txn_state())
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.db.txn_state, n)
+        self.assertEqual(apsw.mapping_txn_state["SQLITE_TXN_NONE"], self.db.txn_state("main"))
+
+    def testZeroBlob(self):
+        "Verify handling of zero blobs"
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.zeroblob)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.zeroblob, "foo")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.zeroblob, -7)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, apsw.zeroblob, 4000000000)
+        cur = self.db.cursor()
+        cur.execute("create table foo(x)")
+        cur.execute("insert into foo values(?)", (apsw.zeroblob(27), ))
+        v = next(cur.execute("select * from foo"))[0]
+        self.assertEqual(v, b"\x00" * 27)
+
+        # Make sure inheritance works
+        class multi:
+
+            def __init__(self, *args):
+                self.foo = 3
+
+        class derived(apsw.zeroblob):
+
+            def __init__(self, num):
+                #multi.__init__(self)
+                apsw.zeroblob.__init__(self, num)
+
+        cur.execute("delete from foo; insert into foo values(?)", (derived(28), ))
+        v = next(cur.execute("select * from foo"))[0]
+        self.assertEqual(v, b"\x00" * 28)
+        self.assertEqual(apsw.zeroblob(91210).length(), 91210)
+
+    def testBlobIO(self):
+        "Verify Blob input/output"
+        cur = self.db.cursor()
+        rowid = next(
+            cur.execute("create table foo(x blob); insert into foo values(zeroblob(98765)); select rowid from foo"))[0]
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.blobopen, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.blobopen, u"main", "foo\xf3")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.blobopen, u"main", "foo", "x", complex(-1, -1), True)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.blobopen, u"main", "foo", "x", rowid, True, False)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.db.blobopen, "main", "foo", "x", rowid + 27, False)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.db.blobopen, "foo", "foo", "x", rowid, False)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.db.blobopen, "main", "x", "x", rowid, False)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.db.blobopen, "main", "foo", "y", rowid, False)
+        blobro = self.db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", rowid, False)
+        # sidebar: check they can't be manually created
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, type(blobro))
+        # check vals
+        self.assertEqual(blobro.length(), 98765)
+        self.assertEqual(blobro.length(), 98765)
+        self.assertEqual(blobro.read(0), b"")
+        zero = b"\x00"
+        step = 5  # must be exact multiple of size
+        assert (blobro.length() % step == 0)
+        for i in range(0, 98765, step):
+            x = blobro.read(step)
+            self.assertEqual(zero * step, x)
+        x = blobro.read(10)
+        self.assertEqual(x, b"")
+        blobro.seek(0, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(blobro.tell(), 98765)
+        blobro.seek(0)
+        self.assertEqual(blobro.tell(), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(blobro.read(11119999)), 98765)
+        blobro.seek(2222)
+        self.assertEqual(blobro.tell(), 2222)
+        blobro.seek(0, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(blobro.tell(), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(blobro.read(), b"\x00" * 98765)
+        blobro.seek(-3, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(blobro.read(), b"\x00" * 3)
+        # check types
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.read, "foo")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.tell, "foo")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.seek)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.seek, "foo", 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.seek, 0, 1, 2)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, 0, -3)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, 0, 3)
+        # can't seek before beginning or after end of file
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, -1, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, 25, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, 25, 2)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, 100000, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, -100000, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, -100000, 2)
+        # close testing
+        blobro.seek(0, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.ReadOnlyError, blobro.write, b"kermit was here")
+        # you get the error on the close too, and blob is always closed - sqlite ticket #2815
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.ReadOnlyError, blobro.close)
+        # check can't work on closed blob
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.read)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.readinto, b"ab")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, 0, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.tell)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.write, "abc")
+        # readinto tests
+        rowidri = self.db.cursor().execute(
+            "insert into foo values(x'112233445566778899aabbccddeeff'); select last_insert_rowid()").fetchall()[0][0]
+        blobro = self.db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", rowidri, False)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.readinto)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.readinto, 3)
+        buffers = []
+        import array
+        buffers.append(array.array("b", b"\0\0\0\0"))
+        buffers.append(bytearray(b"\0\0\0\0"))
+
+        # bytearray returns ints rather than chars so a fixup
+        def _fixup(c):
+            if type(c) == int:
+                return bytes([c])
+            return c
+
+        for buf in buffers:
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.readinto)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.readinto, buf, buf)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.readinto, buf, 1, buf)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.readinto, buf, 1, 1, buf)
+            blobro.seek(0)
+            blobro.readinto(buf, 1, 1)
+            self.assertEqual(_fixup(buf[0]), b"\x00")
+            self.assertEqual(_fixup(buf[1]), b"\x11")
+            self.assertEqual(_fixup(buf[2]), b"\x00")
+            self.assertEqual(_fixup(buf[3]), b"\x00")
+            self.assertEqual(len(buf), 4)
+            blobro.seek(3)
+            blobro.readinto(buf)
+
+            def check_unchanged():
+                self.assertEqual(_fixup(buf[0]), b"\x44")
+                self.assertEqual(_fixup(buf[1]), b"\x55")
+                self.assertEqual(_fixup(buf[2]), b"\x66")
+                self.assertEqual(_fixup(buf[3]), b"\x77")
+                self.assertEqual(len(buf), 4)
+
+            check_unchanged()
+            blobro.seek(14)
+            # too much requested
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.readinto, buf, 1)
+            check_unchanged()
+            # bounds errors
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.readinto, buf, 1, -1)
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.readinto, buf, 1, 7)
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.readinto, buf, -1, 2)
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.readinto, buf, 10000, 2)
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, blobro.readinto, buf, 1, 45236748972389749283)
+            check_unchanged()
+        # get a read error
+        blobro.seek(0)
+        self.db.cursor().execute("update foo set x=x'112233445566' where rowid=?", (rowidri, ))
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.AbortError, blobro.readinto, buf)
+        # should fail with buffer being a string
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.readinto, "abcd", 1, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.readinto, u"abcd", 1, 1)
+        # write tests
+        blobrw = self.db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", rowid, True)
+        self.assertEqual(blobrw.length(), 98765)
+        blobrw.write(b"abcd")
+        blobrw.seek(0, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(blobrw.read(4), b"abcd")
+        blobrw.write(b"efg")
+        blobrw.seek(0, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(blobrw.read(7), b"abcdefg")
+        blobrw.seek(50, 0)
+        blobrw.write(b"hijkl")
+        blobrw.seek(-98765, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(blobrw.read(55), b"abcdefg" + b"\x00" * 43 + b"hijkl")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobrw.write, 12)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobrw.write)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobrw.write, u"foo")
+        # try to go beyond end
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobrw.write, b" " * 100000)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobrw.close, "elephant")
+        # coverage
+        blobro = self.db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", rowid, False)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.ReadOnlyError, blobro.write, b"abcd")
+        blobro.close(True)
+        self.db.cursor().execute("insert into foo(_rowid_, x) values(99, 1)")
+        blobro = self.db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", rowid, False)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.reopen)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.reopen, "banana")
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, blobro.reopen, 45236748972389749283)
+        first = blobro.read(2)
+        # check position is reset
+        blobro.reopen(rowid)
+        self.assertEqual(blobro.tell(), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(first, blobro.read(2))
+        # invalid reopen
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, blobro.reopen, 0x1ffffffff)
+        blobro.close()
+
+    def testBlobReadError(self):
+        "Ensure blob read errors are handled well"
+        cur = self.db.cursor()
+        cur.execute("create table ioerror (x, blob)")
+        cur.execute("insert into ioerror (rowid,x,blob) values (2,3,x'deadbeef')")
+        blob = self.db.blobopen("main", "ioerror", "blob", 2, False)
+        blob.read(1)
+        # Do a write which cause blob to become invalid
+        cur.execute("update ioerror set blob='fsdfdsfasd' where x=3")
+        try:
+            blob.read(1)
+            1 / 0
+        except:
+            klass, value = sys.exc_info()[:2]
+            self.assertTrue(klass is apsw.AbortError)
+
+    def testAutovacuumPages(self):
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.autovacuum_pages)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.autovacuum_pages, 3)
+        for stmt in ("pragma page_size=512", "pragma auto_vacuum=FULL", "create table foo(x)", "begin"):
+            self.db.cursor().execute(stmt)
+        self.db.cursor().executemany("insert into foo values(zeroblob(1023))", [tuple() for _ in range(500)])
+
+        self.db.cursor().execute("commit")
+
+        rowids = [row[0] for row in self.db.cursor().execute("select ROWID from foo")]
+
+        last_free = [0]
+
+        def avpcb(schema, nPages, nFreePages, nBytesPerPage):
+            self.assertEqual(schema, "main")
+            self.assertTrue(nFreePages < nPages)
+            self.assertTrue(nFreePages >= 2)
+            self.assertEqual(nBytesPerPage, 512)
+            # we always return 1, so second call must have more free pages than first
+            if last_free[0]:
+                self.assertTrue(nFreePages > last_free[0])
+            else:
+                last_free[0] = nFreePages
+            return 1
+
+        def noparams():
+            pass
+
+        def badreturn(*args):
+            return "seven"
+
+        self.db.cursor().execute("delete from foo where rowid=?", (rowids.pop(), ))
+
+        self.db.autovacuum_pages(noparams)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.cursor().execute, "delete from foo where rowid=?", (rowids.pop(), ))
+        self.db.autovacuum_pages(None)
+        self.db.cursor().execute("delete from foo where rowid=?", (rowids.pop(), ))
+        self.db.autovacuum_pages(avpcb)
+        self.db.cursor().execute("delete from foo where rowid=?", (rowids.pop(), ))
+        self.db.autovacuum_pages(badreturn)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.cursor().execute, "delete from foo where rowid=?", (rowids.pop(), ))
+        self.db.autovacuum_pages(None)
+        self.db.cursor().execute("delete from foo where rowid=?", (rowids.pop(), ))
+
+    def testURIFilenames(self):
+        assertRaises = self.assertRaises
+        assertEqual = self.assertEqual
+
+        class TVFS(apsw.VFS):
+
+            def __init__(self):
+                apsw.VFS.__init__(self, "uritest", "")
+
+            def xOpen(self, name, flags):
+                assert isinstance(name, apsw.URIFilename)
+                # The various errors
+                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_parameter)
+                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_parameter, 2)
+                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_int)
+                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_int, 7)
+                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_int, 7, 7)
+                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_int, 7, 7, 7)
+                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_int, "seven", "seven")
+                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_boolean, "seven")
+                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_boolean, "seven", "seven")
+                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_boolean, "seven", None)
+                # Check values
+                assert name.filename().endswith("testdb2")
+                assertEqual(name.uri_parameter("notexist"), None)
+                assertEqual(name.uri_parameter("foo"), "1&2=3")
+                assertEqual(name.uri_int("foo", -7), -7)
+                assertEqual(name.uri_int("bar", -7), 43242342)
+                # https://sqlite.org/src/info/5f41597f7c
+                # assertEqual(name.uri_boolean("foo", False), False)
+                assertEqual(name.uri_boolean("bam", False), True)
+                assertEqual(name.uri_boolean("baz", True), False)
+                1 / 0
+
+        testvfs = TVFS()
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError,
+                          self.assertRaisesUnraisable,
+                          ZeroDivisionError,
+                          apsw.Connection,
+                          "file:testdb2?foo=1%262%3D3&bar=43242342&bam=true&baz=fal%73%65",
+                          flags=apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_URI,
+                          vfs="uritest")
+
+    def testVFSWithWAL(self):
+        "Verify VFS using WAL"
+        apsw.connection_hooks.append(
+            lambda c: c.cursor().execute("pragma journal_mode=WAL; PRAGMA wal_autocheckpoint=1").fetchall())
+        try:
+            self.testVFS()
+        finally:
+            apsw.connection_hooks.pop()
+
+    def testVFS(self):
+        "Verify VFS functionality"
+        global testtimeout
+
+        testdb = vfstestdb
+
+        # Check basic functionality and inheritance - make an obfuscated provider
+
+        # obfusvfs code
+        def encryptme(data):
+            # An "encryption" scheme in honour of MAPI and SQL server passwords
+            if not data: return data
+            return bytes([x ^ 0xa5 for x in data])
+
+        class ObfuscatedVFSFile(apsw.VFSFile):
+
+            def __init__(self, inheritfromvfsname, filename, flags):
+                apsw.VFSFile.__init__(self, inheritfromvfsname, filename, flags)
+
+            def xRead(self, amount, offset):
+                return encryptme(super(ObfuscatedVFSFile, self).xRead(amount, offset))
+
+            def xWrite(self, data, offset):
+                super(ObfuscatedVFSFile, self).xWrite(encryptme(data), offset)
+
+        class ObfuscatedVFS(apsw.VFS):
+
+            def __init__(self, vfsname="obfu", basevfs=""):
+                self.vfsname = vfsname
+                self.basevfs = basevfs
+                apsw.VFS.__init__(self, self.vfsname, self.basevfs)
+
+            def xOpen(self, name, flags):
+                return ObfuscatedVFSFile(self.basevfs, name, flags)
+
+        vfs = ObfuscatedVFS()
+
+        query = "create table foo(x,y); insert into foo values(1,2); insert into foo values(3,4)"
+        self.db.cursor().execute(query)
+
+        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb2", vfs=vfs.vfsname)
+        db2.cursor().execute(query)
+        db2.close()
+        self.db.cursor().execute("pragma journal_mode=delete").fetchall()
+        self.db.close()  # flush
+
+        # check the two databases are the same (modulo the XOR)
+        orig = read_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", "rb")
+        obfu = read_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb2", "rb")
+        self.assertEqual(len(orig), len(obfu))
+        self.assertNotEqual(orig, obfu)
+
+        # we ignore wal/non-wal differences
+        def compare(one, two):
+            self.assertEqual(one[0:18], two[:18])
+            self.assertEqual(one[96:], two[96:])
+
+        compare(orig, encryptme(obfu))
+
+        # helper routines
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.exceptionfor, "three")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, apsw.exceptionfor, 8764324)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, apsw.exceptionfor, 0xffffffffffffffff10)
+
+        # test raw file object
+        f = ObfuscatedVFSFile("", os.path.abspath(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb"),
+                              [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY, 0])
+        del f  # check closes
+        f = ObfuscatedVFSFile("", os.path.abspath(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb"),
+                              [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY, 0])
+        data = f.xRead(len(obfu), 0)  # will encrypt it
+        compare(obfu, data)
+        f.xClose()
+        f.xClose()
+        f2 = apsw.VFSFile("", os.path.abspath(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb"),
+                          [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY, 0])
+        del f2
+        f2 = apsw.VFSFile("", os.path.abspath(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb2"),
+                          [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY, 0])
+        data = f2.xRead(len(obfu), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(obfu, data)
+        f2.xClose()
+        f2.xClose()
+
+        # cleanup so it doesn't interfere with following code using the same file
+        del f
+        del f2
+        db2.close()
+        del db2
+        vfs.unregister()
+        gc.collect()
+
+        ### Detailed vfs testing
+
+        # xRandomness is tested first. The method is called once after sqlite initializes
+        # and only the default vfs is called.  Consequently we have a helper test method
+        # but it is only available when using testfixtures and the amalgamation
+        self.db = None
+        gc.collect()
+
+        defvfs = apsw.vfsnames()[0]  # we want to inherit from this one
+
+        def testrand():
+            gc.collect()
+            apsw.randomness(0)
+            vfs = RandomVFS()
+            db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
+            next(db.cursor().execute("select randomblob(10)"))
+
+        class RandomVFSUpper(apsw.VFS):
+
+            def __init__(self):
+                apsw.VFS.__init__(self, "randomupper", defvfs)
+
+            def xRandomness1(self, n):
+                return b"\xaa\xbb"
+
+        class RandomVFS(apsw.VFS):
+
+            def __init__(self):
+                apsw.VFS.__init__(self, "random", "randomupper", makedefault=True)
+
+            def xRandomness1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xRandomness2(self, n):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xRandomness3(self, n):
+                return b"abcd"
+
+            def xRandomness4(self, n):
+                return u"abcd"
+
+            def xRandomness5(self, n):
+                return b"a" * (2 * n)
+
+            def xRandomness6(self, n):
+                return None
+
+            def xRandomness7(self, n):
+                return 3
+
+            def xRandomness99(self, n):
+                return super(RandomVFS, self).xRandomness(n + 2049)
+
+        vfsupper = RandomVFSUpper()
+        vfs = RandomVFS()
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xRandomness, "jksdhfsd")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xRandomness, 3, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, vfs.xRandomness, -88)
+
+        RandomVFS.xRandomness = RandomVFS.xRandomness1
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testrand)
+        RandomVFS.xRandomness = RandomVFS.xRandomness2
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, testrand)
+        RandomVFS.xRandomness = RandomVFS.xRandomness3
+        testrand()  # shouldn't have problems
+        RandomVFS.xRandomness = RandomVFS.xRandomness4
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testrand)
+        RandomVFS.xRandomness = RandomVFS.xRandomness5
+        testrand()  # shouldn't have problems
+        RandomVFS.xRandomness = RandomVFS.xRandomness6
+        testrand()  # shouldn't have problems
+        RandomVFS.xRandomness = RandomVFS.xRandomness7
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testrand)
+        RandomVFS.xRandomness = RandomVFS.xRandomness99
+        testrand()  # shouldn't have problems
+        vfsupper.xRandomness = vfsupper.xRandomness1
+        testrand()  # coverage
+        vfsupper.unregister()
+        vfs.unregister()
+
+        class ErrorVFS(apsw.VFS):
+            # A vfs that returns errors for all methods
+            def __init__(self):
+                apsw.VFS.__init__(self, "errorvfs", "")
+
+            def errorme(self, *args):
+                raise apsw.exceptionfor(apsw.SQLITE_IOERR)
+
+        class TestVFS(apsw.VFS):
+
+            def init1(self):
+                super(TestVFS, self).__init__("apswtest")
+
+            def init99(self, name="apswtest", base=""):
+                super(TestVFS, self).__init__(name, base)
+
+            def xDelete1(self, name, syncdir):
+                super(TestVFS, self).xDelete(".", False)
+
+            def xDelete2(self, bad, number, of, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xDelete3(self, name, syncdir):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xDelete4(self, name, syncdir):
+                super(TestVFS, self).xDelete("bad", "arguments")
+
+            def xDelete99(self, name, syncdir):
+                assert (type(name) == type(""))
+                assert (type(syncdir) == type(1))
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xDelete(name, syncdir)
+
+            def xAccess1(self, bad, number, of, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xAccess2(self, name, flags):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xAccess3(self, name, flags):
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xAccess("bad", "arguments")
+
+            def xAccess4(self, name, flags):
+                return (3, )
+
+            def xAccess99(self, name, flags):
+                assert (type(name) == type(""))
+                assert (type(flags) == type(1))
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xAccess(name, flags)
+
+            def xFullPathname1(self, bad, number, of, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xFullPathname2(self, name):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xFullPathname3(self, name):
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xFullPathname("bad", "args")
+
+            def xFullPathname4(self, name):
+                # parameter is larger than default buffer sizes used by sqlite
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xFullPathname(name * 10000)
+
+            def xFullPathname5(self, name):
+                # result is larger than default buffer sizes used by sqlite
+                return "a" * 10000
+
+            def xFullPathname6(self, name):
+                return 12  # bad return type
+
+            def xFullPathname99(self, name):
+                assert (type(name) == type(u""))
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xFullPathname(name)
+
+            def xOpen1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xOpen2(self, name, flags):
+                super(TestVFS, self).xOpen(name, 3)
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xOpen3(self, name, flags):
+                v = super(TestVFS, self).xOpen(name, flags)
+                flags.append(v)
+                return v
+
+            def xOpen4(self, name, flags):
+                return None
+
+            def xOpen99(self, name, flags):
+                assert (isinstance(name, apsw.URIFilename) or name is None or type(name) == type(u""))
+                assert (type(flags) == type([]))
+                assert (len(flags) == 2)
+                assert (type(flags[0]) in (int, ))
+                assert (type(flags[1]) in (int, ))
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xOpen(name, flags)
+
+            def xOpen100(self, name, flags):
+                return TestFile(name, flags)
+
+            def xDlOpen1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xDlOpen2(self, name):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xDlOpen3(self, name):
+                return -1
+
+            def xDlOpen4(self, name):
+                return "fred"
+
+            def xDlOpen5(self, name):
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xDlOpen(3)
+
+            # python 3 only test
+            def xDlOpen6(self, name):
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xDlOpen(b"abcd")  # bad string type
+
+            def xDlOpen7(self, name):
+                return 0xffffffffffffffff10
+
+            def xDlOpen99(self, name):
+                assert (type(name) == type(u""))
+                res = super(TestVFS, self).xDlOpen(name)
+                if ctypes:
+                    try:
+                        cres = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(name)._handle
+                    except:
+                        cres = 0
+                    assert (res == cres)
+                return res
+
+            def xDlSym1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xDlSym2(self, handle, name):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xDlSym3(self, handle, name):
+                return "fred"
+
+            def xDlSym4(self, handle, name):
+                super(TestVFS, self).xDlSym(3, 3)
+
+            def xDlSym5(self, handle, name):
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xDlSym(handle, b"abcd")
+
+            def xDlSym6(self, handle, name):
+                return 0xffffffffffffffff10
+
+            def xDlSym99(self, handle, name):
+                assert (type(handle) in (int, ))
+                assert (type(name) == type(u""))
+                res = super(TestVFS, self).xDlSym(handle, name)
+                # pypy doesn't have dlsym
+                if not iswindows and hasattr(_ctypes, "dlsym"):
+                    assert (_ctypes.dlsym(handle, name) == res)
+                # windows has funky issues I don't want to deal with here
+                return res
+
+            def xDlClose1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xDlClose2(self, handle):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xDlClose3(self, handle):
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xDlClose("three")
+
+            def xDlClose99(self, handle):
+                assert (type(handle) in (int, ))
+                super(TestVFS, self).xDlClose(handle)
+
+            def xDlError1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xDlError2(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xDlError3(self):
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xDlError("three")
+
+            def xDlError4(self):
+                return 3
+
+            def xDlError5(self):
+                return b"abcd"
+
+            def xDlError6(self):
+                return None
+
+            def xDlError99(self):
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xDlError()
+
+            def xSleep1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xSleep2(self, microseconds):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xSleep3(self, microseconds):
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xSleep("three")
+
+            def xSleep4(self, microseconds):
+                return "three"
+
+            def xSleep5(self, microseconds):
+                return 0xffffffff0
+
+            def xSleep6(self, microseconds):
+                return 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0
+
+            def xSleep99(self, microseconds):
+                assert (type(microseconds) in (int, ))
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xSleep(microseconds)
+
+            def xCurrentTime1(self, bad, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xCurrentTime2(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xCurrentTime3(self):
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xCurrentTime("three")
+
+            def xCurrentTime4(self):
+                return "three"
+
+            def xCurrentTime5(self):
+                return math.exp(math.pi) * 26000
+
+            def xCurrentTimeCorrect(self):
+                # actual correct implementation http://stackoverflow.com/questions/466321/convert-unix-timestamp-to-julian
+                return time.time() / 86400.0 + 2440587.5
+
+            def xCurrentTime99(self):
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xCurrentTime()
+
+            def xGetLastError1(self, bad, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xGetLastError2(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xGetLastError3(self):
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xGetLastError("three")
+
+            def xGetLastError4(self):
+                return 3
+
+            def xGetLastError5(self):
+                return -17, "a" * 1500
+
+            def xGetLastError6(self):
+                return -0x7fffffff - 200, None
+
+            def xGetLastError7(self):
+
+                class te(tuple):
+
+                    def __getitem__(self, n):
+                        if n == 0:
+                            return 23
+                        1 / 0
+
+                return te((1, 2))
+
+            def xGetLastError8(self):
+                return 0, None
+
+            def xGetLastError9(self):
+                return 0, "Some sort of message"
+
+            def xGetLastError10(self):
+                return "banana", "Some sort of message"
+
+            def xGetLastError99(self):
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xGetLastError()
+
+            def xNextSystemCall1(self, bad, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xNextSystemCall2(self, name):
+                return 3
+
+            def xNextSystemCall3(self, name):
+                return "foo\xf3"
+
+            def xNextSystemCall4(self, name):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xNextSystemCall99(self, name):
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xNextSystemCall(name)
+
+            def xGetSystemCall1(self, bad, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xGetSystemCall2(self, name):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xGetSystemCall3(self, name):
+                return "fred"
+
+            def xGetSystemCall4(self, name):
+                return 3.7
+
+            def xGetSystemCall99(self, name):
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xGetSystemCall(name)
+
+            def xSetSystemCall1(self, bad, args, args3):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xSetSystemCall2(self, name, ptr):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xSetSystemCall3(self, name, ptr):
+                raise apsw.NotFoundError()
+
+            def xSetSystemCall99(self, name, ptr):
+                return super(TestVFS, self).xSetSystemCall(name, ptr)
+
+        class TestFile(apsw.VFSFile):
+
+            def init1(self, name, flags):
+                super(TestFile, self).__init__("bogus", "arguments")
+
+            def init2(self, name, flags):
+                super(TestFile, self).__init__("bogus", 3, 4)
+
+            def init3(self, name, flags):
+                super(TestFile, self).__init__("bogus", "4", 4)
+
+            def init4(self, name, flags):
+                super(TestFile, self).__init__("bogus", "4", [4, 4, 4, 4])
+
+            def init5(self, name, flags):
+                super(TestFile, self).__init__("", name, [0xffffffffeeeeeeee0, 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0])
+
+            def init6(self, name, flags):
+                super(TestFile, self).__init__("", name, [0xffffffffa, 0])  # 64 bit int vs long overflow
+
+            def init7(self, name, flags):
+                super(TestFile, self).__init__("", name, (6, 7))
+
+            def init8(self, name, flags):
+                super(TestFile, self).__init__("bogus", name, flags)
+
+            def init9(self, name, flags):
+                super(TestFile, self).__init__("", name, (6, "six"))
+
+            def init10(self, name, flags):
+
+                class badlist(list):  # doesn't allows setting an element
+
+                    def __init__(self, *args):
+                        super(badlist, self).__init__(args)
+
+                    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+                        raise ValueError("container is frozen")
+
+                super(TestFile, self).__init__("", name, badlist(flags[0], flags[1]))
+
+            def init99(self, name, flags):
+                super(TestFile, self).__init__("", name, flags)
+
+            def xRead1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xRead2(self, amount, offset):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xRead3(self, amount, offset):
+                return 3
+
+            def xRead4(self, amount, offset):
+                return u"a" * amount
+
+            def xRead5(self, amount, offset):
+                return super(TestFile, self).xRead(amount - 1, offset)
+
+            def xRead99(self, amount, offset):
+                return super(TestFile, self).xRead(amount, offset)
+
+            def xWrite1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xWrite2(self, buffy, offset):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xWrite99(self, buffy, offset):
+                return super(TestFile, self).xWrite(buffy, offset)
+
+            def xUnlock1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xUnlock2(self, level):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xUnlock99(self, level):
+                return super(TestFile, self).xUnlock(level)
+
+            def xLock1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xLock2(self, level):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xLock99(self, level):
+                return super(TestFile, self).xLock(level)
+
+            def xTruncate1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xTruncate2(self, size):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xTruncate99(self, size):
+                return super(TestFile, self).xTruncate(size)
+
+            def xSync1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xSync2(self, flags):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xSync99(self, flags):
+                return super(TestFile, self).xSync(flags)
+
+            def xSectorSize1(self, bad, number, of, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xSectorSize2(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xSectorSize3(self):
+                return "three"
+
+            def xSectorSize4(self):
+                return 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0
+
+            def xSectorSize99(self):
+                return super(TestFile, self).xSectorSize()
+
+            def xDeviceCharacteristics1(self, bad, number, of, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xDeviceCharacteristics2(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xDeviceCharacteristics3(self):
+                return "three"
+
+            def xDeviceCharacteristics4(self):
+                return 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0
+
+            def xDeviceCharacteristics99(self):
+                return super(TestFile, self).xDeviceCharacteristics()
+
+            def xFileSize1(self, bad, number, of, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xFileSize2(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xFileSize3(self):
+                return "three"
+
+            def xFileSize4(self):
+                return 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0
+
+            def xFileSize99(self):
+                res = super(TestFile, self).xFileSize()
+                if res < 100000:
+                    return int(res)
+                return res
+
+            def xCheckReservedLock1(self, bad, number, of, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xCheckReservedLock2(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xCheckReservedLock3(self):
+                return "three"
+
+            def xCheckReservedLock4(self):
+                return 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0
+
+            def xCheckReservedLock99(self):
+                return super(TestFile, self).xCheckReservedLock()
+
+            def xFileControl1(self, bad, number, of, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xFileControl2(self, op, ptr):
+                1 / 0
+
+            def xFileControl3(self, op, ptr):
+                return "banana"
+
+            def xFileControl99(self, op, ptr):
+                if op == 1027:
+                    assert (ptr == 1027)
+                elif op == 1028:
+                    if ctypes:
+                        assert (True is ctypes.py_object.from_address(ptr).value)
+                else:
+                    return super(TestFile, self).xFileControl(op, ptr)
+                return True
+
+        TestVFS.xCurrentTime = TestVFS.xCurrentTimeCorrect
+
+        # check initialization
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.VFS, "3", 3)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, apsw.VFS, "never", "klgfkljdfsljgklfjdsglkdfs")
+        self.assertTrue("never" not in apsw.vfsnames())
+        TestVFS.__init__ = TestVFS.init1
+        vfs = TestVFS()
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, apsw.VFSNotImplementedError, testdb)
+        del vfs
+        gc.collect()
+        TestVFS.__init__ = TestVFS.init99
+        vfs = TestVFS()
+
+        # Should work without any overridden methods
+        testdb()
+
+        ## xDelete
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xDelete, "bogus", "arguments")
+        TestVFS.xDelete = TestVFS.xDelete1
+        err = [apsw.IOError, apsw.IOError][iswindows]
+        self.assertRaises(err, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, err, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xDelete = TestVFS.xDelete2
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xDelete = TestVFS.xDelete3
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xDelete = TestVFS.xDelete4
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xDelete = TestVFS.xDelete99
+        testdb()
+
+        ## xAccess
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xAccess, "bogus", "arguments")
+        TestVFS.xAccess = TestVFS.xAccess1
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xAccess = TestVFS.xAccess2
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xAccess = TestVFS.xAccess3
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xAccess = TestVFS.xAccess4
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xAccess = TestVFS.xAccess99
+        if iswindows:
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, vfs.xAccess, u"<bad<filename:", apsw.SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE)
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(False, vfs.xAccess(u"<bad<filename:", apsw.SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE))
+            self.assertEqual(True, vfs.xAccess(u".", apsw.SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS))
+        # unix vfs doesn't ever return error so we have to indirect through one of ours
+        errvfs = ErrorVFS()
+        errvfs.xAccess = errvfs.errorme
+        vfs2 = TestVFS("apswtest2", "errorvfs")
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, apsw.IOError, testdb, vfsname="apswtest2")
+        del vfs2
+        del errvfs
+        gc.collect()
+
+        ## xFullPathname
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xFullPathname, "bogus", "arguments")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xFullPathname, 3)
+        TestVFS.xFullPathname = TestVFS.xFullPathname1
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xFullPathname = TestVFS.xFullPathname2
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xFullPathname = TestVFS.xFullPathname3
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xFullPathname = TestVFS.xFullPathname4
+        if not iswindows:
+            # SQLite doesn't give an error even though the vfs is silently truncating
+            # the full pathname.  See SQLite ticket 3373
+            self.assertMayRaiseUnraisable(apsw.CantOpenError, self.assertRaises, apsw.CantOpenError,
+                                          testdb)  # we get cantopen on the truncated fullname
+        TestVFS.xFullPathname = TestVFS.xFullPathname5
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.TooBigError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, apsw.TooBigError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xFullPathname = TestVFS.xFullPathname6
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xFullPathname = TestVFS.xFullPathname99
+        testdb()
+
+        ## xOpen
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xOpen, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xOpen, 3, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xOpen, None, (1, 2))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, vfs.xOpen, None, [1, 2, 3])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xOpen, None, ["1", 2])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xOpen, None, [1, "2"])
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, vfs.xOpen, None, [0xffffffffeeeeeeee0, 2])
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, vfs.xOpen, None, [0xffffffff0, 2])
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, vfs.xOpen, None, [1, 0xffffffff0])
+        self.assertRaises(
+            apsw.CantOpenError,
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable,
+            apsw.CantOpenError,
+            testdb,
+            filename="notadir/notexist/nochance")  # can't open due to intermediate directories not existing
+        TestVFS.xOpen = TestVFS.xOpen1
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xOpen = TestVFS.xOpen2
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xOpen = TestVFS.xOpen3
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.CantOpenError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xOpen = TestVFS.xOpen4
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, AttributeError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xOpen = TestVFS.xOpen99
+        testdb()
+
+        if hasattr(apsw.Connection(":memory:"), "enableloadextension") and os.path.exists(LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME):
+            ## xDlOpen
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xDlOpen, 3)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xDlOpen, b"\xfb\xfc\xfd\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff")
+            TestVFS.xDlOpen = TestVFS.xDlOpen1
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlOpen = TestVFS.xDlOpen2
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlOpen = TestVFS.xDlOpen3
+            # skip testing xDlOpen3 as python is happy to convert -1 to void ptr!
+            TestVFS.xDlOpen = TestVFS.xDlOpen4
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlOpen = TestVFS.xDlOpen5
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlOpen = TestVFS.xDlOpen6
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlOpen = TestVFS.xDlOpen7
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, OverflowError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlOpen = TestVFS.xDlOpen99
+            testdb()
+
+            ## xDlSym
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xDlSym, 3)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xDlSym, 3, 3)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xDlSym, "three", "three")
+            TestVFS.xDlSym = TestVFS.xDlSym1
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlSym = TestVFS.xDlSym2
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlSym = TestVFS.xDlSym3
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlSym = TestVFS.xDlSym4
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlSym = TestVFS.xDlSym5
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlSym = TestVFS.xDlSym6
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, OverflowError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlSym = TestVFS.xDlSym99
+            testdb()
+
+            ## xDlClose
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xDlClose, "three")
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, vfs.xDlClose, 0xffffffffffffffff10)
+            TestVFS.xDlClose = TestVFS.xDlClose1
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlClose = TestVFS.xDlClose2
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlClose = TestVFS.xDlClose3
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlClose = TestVFS.xDlClose99
+            testdb()
+
+            ## xDlError
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xDlError, "three")
+            TestVFS.xDlError = TestVFS.xDlError1
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlError = TestVFS.xDlError2
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlError = TestVFS.xDlError3
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlError = TestVFS.xDlError4
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlError = TestVFS.xDlError5
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
+            TestVFS.xDlError = TestVFS.xDlError6  # should not error
+            testdb()
+            TestVFS.xDlError = TestVFS.xDlError99
+            testdb()
+
+        ## xSleep
+        testtimeout = True
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xSleep, "three")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xSleep, 3, 3)
+        TestVFS.xSleep = TestVFS.xSleep1
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb, mode="delete")
+        TestVFS.xSleep = TestVFS.xSleep2
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, testdb, mode="delete")
+        TestVFS.xSleep = TestVFS.xSleep3
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb, mode="delete")
+        TestVFS.xSleep = TestVFS.xSleep4
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb, mode="delete")
+        TestVFS.xSleep = TestVFS.xSleep5
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(OverflowError, testdb, mode="delete")
+        TestVFS.xSleep = TestVFS.xSleep6
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(OverflowError, testdb, mode="delete")
+        TestVFS.xSleep = TestVFS.xSleep99
+        testdb(mode="delete")
+        testtimeout = False
+
+        ## xCurrentTime
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xCurrentTime, "three")
+        TestVFS.xCurrentTime = TestVFS.xCurrentTime1
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xCurrentTime = TestVFS.xCurrentTime2
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xCurrentTime = TestVFS.xCurrentTime3
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xCurrentTime = TestVFS.xCurrentTime4
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xCurrentTime = TestVFS.xCurrentTime5
+        testdb()
+        TestVFS.xCurrentTime = TestVFS.xCurrentTime99
+        self.assertMayRaiseUnraisable(apsw.VFSNotImplementedError, testdb)
+        TestVFS.xCurrentTime = TestVFS.xCurrentTimeCorrect
+
+        ## xGetLastError
+        # We can't directly test because the methods are called as side effects
+        # of other errors.  However coverage shows we are exercising the code.
+        def provoke_error():
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.CantOpenError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, apsw.CantOpenError, testdb, attachdb='.')
+
+        for n in range(1, 11):
+            TestVFS.xGetLastError = getattr(TestVFS, "xGetLastError" + str(n))
+            provoke_error()
+
+        TestVFS.xGetLastError = TestVFS.xGetLastError99
+        provoke_error()
+
+        ## System call stuff
+        if "unix" in apsw.vfsnames() and "APSW_NO_MEMLEAK" not in os.environ:
+
+            class VFS2(apsw.VFS):
+
+                def __init__(self):
+                    apsw.VFS.__init__(self, "apswtest2", "apswtest")
+
+            vfs2 = VFS2()
+
+            ## xNextSystemCall
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xNextSystemCall, 0)
+            items = [None]
+            while True:
+                n = vfs.xNextSystemCall(items[-1])
+                if n is None:
+                    break
+                items.append(n)
+            items = items[1:]
+            self.assertNotEqual(0, len(items))
+            self.assertTrue("open" in items)
+
+            TestVFS.xNextSystemCall = TestVFS.xNextSystemCall1
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, vfs2.xNextSystemCall, "open")
+            TestVFS.xNextSystemCall = TestVFS.xNextSystemCall2
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, vfs2.xNextSystemCall, "open")
+            TestVFS.xNextSystemCall = TestVFS.xNextSystemCall4
+            self.assertEqual(None, self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, vfs2.xNextSystemCall, "open"))
+            TestVFS.xNextSystemCall = TestVFS.xNextSystemCall99
+            vfs2.xNextSystemCall("open")
+
+            ## xGetSystemCall
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xGetSystemCall)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xGetSystemCall, 3)
+            self.assertEqual(None, vfs.xGetSystemCall("a name that won't exist"))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(vfs.xGetSystemCall("open"), (int, )))
+
+            TestVFS.xGetSystemCall = TestVFS.xGetSystemCall1
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, vfs2.xGetSystemCall, "open")
+            TestVFS.xGetSystemCall = TestVFS.xGetSystemCall2
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, vfs2.xGetSystemCall, "open")
+            TestVFS.xGetSystemCall = TestVFS.xGetSystemCall3
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, vfs2.xGetSystemCall, "open")
+            TestVFS.xGetSystemCall = TestVFS.xGetSystemCall4
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, vfs2.xGetSystemCall, "open")
+            TestVFS.xGetSystemCall = TestVFS.xGetSystemCall99
+            self.assertTrue(vfs2.xGetSystemCall("open") > 0)
+
+            ## xSetSystemCall
+            fallback = apsw.VFS("fallback", base="")  # undo any damage we do
+            try:
+                self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xSetSystemCall)
+                self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xSetSystemCall, 3, 4)
+                self.assertRaises((TypeError, ValueError), vfs.xSetSystemCall, "a\0b", 4)
+                self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xSetSystemCall, "none", 3.7)
+                realopen = vfs.xGetSystemCall("open")
+                self.assertEqual(False, vfs.xSetSystemCall("doesn't exist", 0))
+                self.assertEqual(True, vfs.xSetSystemCall("open", realopen + 1))
+                self.assertEqual(realopen + 1, vfs.xGetSystemCall("open"))
+                self.assertEqual(True, vfs.xSetSystemCall("open", realopen))
+                TestVFS.xSetSystemCall = TestVFS.xSetSystemCall1
+                self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, vfs2.xSetSystemCall, "open",
+                                  realopen)
+                TestVFS.xSetSystemCall = TestVFS.xSetSystemCall2
+                self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, vfs2.xSetSystemCall,
+                                  "open", realopen)
+                TestVFS.xSetSystemCall = TestVFS.xSetSystemCall3
+                self.assertEqual(False, vfs2.xSetSystemCall("doesn't exist", 0))
+                TestVFS.xSetSystemCall = TestVFS.xSetSystemCall99
+                self.assertEqual(True, vfs2.xSetSystemCall("open", realopen))
+            finally:
+                # undocumented - this resets all calls to their defaults
+                fallback.xSetSystemCall(None, 0)
+                fallback.unregister()
+
+        ##
+        ## VFS file testing
+        ##
+
+        ## init
+        TestVFS.xOpen = TestVFS.xOpen100
+
+        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init1
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init2
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init3
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init4
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ValueError, testdb)
+        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init5
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, OverflowError, testdb)
+        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init6
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, OverflowError, testdb)
+        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init7
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init8
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ValueError, testdb)
+        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init9
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init10
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ValueError, testdb)
+        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init99
+        testdb()  # should work just fine
+
+        # cause an open failure
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.CantOpenError, TestFile, ".",
+                          [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE, 0])
+
+        ## xRead
+        t = TestFile(os.path.abspath(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testfile"),
+                     [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE, 0])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xRead, "three", "four")
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, t.xRead, 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, t.xRead, 1, 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0)
+        TestFile.xRead = TestFile.xRead1
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xRead = TestFile.xRead2
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xRead = TestFile.xRead3
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xRead = TestFile.xRead4
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xRead = TestFile.xRead5
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, self.assertMayRaiseUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xRead = TestFile.xRead99
+        testdb()
+
+        ## xWrite
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xWrite, "three", "four")
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, t.xWrite, b"three", 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xWrite, u"foo", 0)
+        TestFile.xWrite = TestFile.xWrite1
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xWrite = TestFile.xWrite2
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xWrite = TestFile.xWrite99
+        testdb()
+
+        ## xUnlock
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xUnlock, "three")
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, t.xUnlock, 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0)
+        # doesn't care about nonsensical levels - assert fails in debug build
+        # t.xUnlock(-1)
+        if not apsw.connection_hooks:
+            TestFile.xUnlock = TestFile.xUnlock1
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+            TestFile.xUnlock = TestFile.xUnlock2
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xUnlock = TestFile.xUnlock99
+        testdb()
+
+        ## xLock
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xLock, "three")
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, t.xLock, 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0)
+        # doesn't care about nonsensical levels - assert fails in debug build
+        # t.xLock(0xffffff)
+        TestFile.xLock = TestFile.xLock1
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xLock = TestFile.xLock2
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xLock = TestFile.xLock99
+        testdb()
+
+        ## xTruncate
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xTruncate, "three")
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, t.xTruncate, 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0)
+        if not iswindows:
+            # windows is happy to truncate to -77 bytes
+            # see https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3415
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, t.xTruncate, -77)
+        TestFile.xTruncate = TestFile.xTruncate1
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xTruncate = TestFile.xTruncate2
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xTruncate = TestFile.xTruncate99
+        testdb()
+
+        ## xSync
+        saved = apsw.connection_hooks
+        apsw.connection_hooks = []
+        try:
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xSync, "three")
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, t.xSync, 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0)
+            TestFile.xSync = TestFile.xSync1
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+            TestFile.xSync = TestFile.xSync2
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+            TestFile.xSync = TestFile.xSync99
+            testdb()
+        finally:
+            apsw.connection_hooks = saved
+
+        ## xSectorSize
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xSectorSize, 3)
+        TestFile.xSectorSize = TestFile.xSectorSize1
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xSectorSize = TestFile.xSectorSize2
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xSectorSize = TestFile.xSectorSize3
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xSectorSize = TestFile.xSectorSize4
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(OverflowError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xSectorSize = TestFile.xSectorSize99
+        testdb()
+
+        ## xDeviceCharacteristics
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xDeviceCharacteristics, 3)
+        TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics = TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics1
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics = TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics2
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics = TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics3
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics = TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics4
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(OverflowError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics = TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics99
+        testdb()
+
+        ## xFileSize
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xFileSize, 3)
+        TestFile.xFileSize = TestFile.xFileSize1
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xFileSize = TestFile.xFileSize2
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xFileSize = TestFile.xFileSize3
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xFileSize = TestFile.xFileSize4
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, OverflowError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xFileSize = TestFile.xFileSize99
+        testdb()
+
+        ## xCheckReservedLock
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xCheckReservedLock, 8)
+        if not iswindows:
+            # we don't do checkreservedlock test on windows as the
+            # various files that need to be copied and finagled behind
+            # the scenes are locked
+            TestFile.xCheckReservedLock = TestFile.xCheckReservedLock1
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+            TestFile.xCheckReservedLock = TestFile.xCheckReservedLock2
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
+            TestFile.xCheckReservedLock = TestFile.xCheckReservedLock3
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
+            TestFile.xCheckReservedLock = TestFile.xCheckReservedLock4
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, OverflowError, testdb)
+        TestFile.xCheckReservedLock = TestFile.xCheckReservedLock99
+        db = testdb()
+
+        ## xFileControl
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xFileControl, "three", "four")
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, t.xFileControl, 10, 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xFileControl, 10, "three")
+        self.assertEqual(t.xFileControl(2000, 3000), False)
+        fc1 = testdb(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", closedb=False).filecontrol
+        fc2 = testdb(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb2", closedb=False).filecontrol
+        TestFile.xFileControl = TestFile.xFileControl1
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, fc1, "main", 1027, 1027)
+        TestFile.xFileControl = TestFile.xFileControl2
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, fc2, "main", 1027, 1027)
+        TestFile.xFileControl = TestFile.xFileControl3
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, fc2, "main", 1027, 1027)
+        TestFile.xFileControl = TestFile.xFileControl99
+        del fc1
+        del fc2
+        # these should work
+        testdb(closedb=False).filecontrol("main", 1027, 1027)
+        if ctypes:
+            objwrap = ctypes.py_object(True)
+            testdb(closedb=False).filecontrol("main", 1028, ctypes.addressof(objwrap))
+        # for coverage
+        class VFSx(apsw.VFS):
+
+            def __init__(self):
+                apsw.VFS.__init__(self, "filecontrol", "apswtest")
+
+        vfs2 = VFSx()
+        testdb(vfsname="filecontrol", closedb=False).filecontrol("main", 1027, 1027)
+        del vfs2
+
+        ## xClose
+        t.xClose()
+        # make sure there is no problem closing twice
+        t.xClose()
+        del t
+        gc.collect()
+
+        t = apsw.VFSFile("", os.path.abspath(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testfile2"),
+                         [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE, 0])
+        t.xClose()
+        # check all functions detect closed file
+        for n in dir(t):
+            if n not in ('xClose', 'excepthook') and not n.startswith("__"):
+                self.assertRaises(apsw.VFSFileClosedError, getattr(t, n))
+
+    def testWith(self):
+        "Context manager functionality"
+
+        # Does it work?
+        # the autocommit tests are to make sure we are not in a transaction
+        self.assertEqual(True, self.db.getautocommit())
+        self.assertEqual(False, self.db.in_transaction)
+        self.assertTableNotExists("foo1")
+        with self.db as db:
+            db.cursor().execute('create table foo1(x)')
+        self.assertTableExists("foo1")
+        self.assertEqual(True, self.db.getautocommit())
+        self.assertEqual(False, self.db.in_transaction)
+
+        # with an error
+        self.assertEqual(True, self.db.getautocommit())
+        self.assertEqual(False, self.db.in_transaction)
+        self.assertTableNotExists("foo2")
+        try:
+            with self.db as db:
+                db.cursor().execute('create table foo2(x)')
+                1 / 0
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            pass
+        self.assertTableNotExists("foo2")
+        self.assertEqual(True, self.db.getautocommit())
+
+        # nested - simple - success
+        with self.db as db:
+            self.assertEqual(False, self.db.getautocommit())
+            self.assertEqual(True, self.db.in_transaction)
+            db.cursor().execute('create table foo2(x)')
+            with db as db2:
+                self.assertEqual(False, self.db.getautocommit())
+                db.cursor().execute('create table foo3(x)')
+                with db2 as db3:
+                    self.assertEqual(False, self.db.getautocommit())
+                    db.cursor().execute('create table foo4(x)')
+        self.assertEqual(True, self.db.getautocommit())
+        self.assertTableExists("foo2")
+        self.assertTableExists("foo3")
+        self.assertTableExists("foo4")
+
+        # nested - simple - failure
+        try:
+            self.db.cursor().execute('begin; create table foo5(x)')
+            with self.db as db:
+                self.assertEqual(False, self.db.getautocommit())
+                db.cursor().execute('create table foo6(x)')
+                with db as db2:
+                    self.assertEqual(False, self.db.getautocommit())
+                    db.cursor().execute('create table foo7(x)')
+                    with db2 as db3:
+                        self.assertEqual(False, self.db.getautocommit())
+                        db.cursor().execute('create table foo8(x)')
+                        1 / 0
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(False, self.db.getautocommit())
+        self.db.cursor().execute("commit")
+        self.assertEqual(True, self.db.getautocommit())
+        self.assertTableExists("foo5")
+        self.assertTableNotExists("foo6")
+        self.assertTableNotExists("foo7")
+        self.assertTableNotExists("foo8")
+
+        # improve coverage and various corner cases
+        self.db.__enter__()
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.__exit__, 1)
+        for i in range(10):
+            self.db.__exit__(None, None, None)
+
+        # make an exit fail
+        self.db.__enter__()
+        self.db.cursor().execute("commit")
+        # deliberately futz with the outstanding transaction
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.db.__exit__, None, None, None)
+        self.db.__exit__(None, None, None)  # extra exit should be harmless
+
+        # exectracing
+        traces = []
+
+        def et(con, sql, bindings):
+            if con == self.db:
+                traces.append(sql)
+            return True
+
+        self.db.setexectrace(et)
+        try:
+            with self.db as db:
+                db.cursor().execute('create table foo2(x)')
+        except apsw.SQLError:  # table already exists so we should get an error
+            pass
+
+        # check we saw the right things in the traces
+        self.assertTrue(len(traces) == 3)
+        for s in traces:
+            self.assertTrue("SAVEPOINT" in s.upper())
+
+        def et(*args):
+            return BadIsTrue()
+
+        self.db.setexectrace(et)
+        try:
+            with self.db as db:
+                db.cursor().execute('create table etfoo2(x)')
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            pass
+        self.assertTableNotExists("etfoo2")
+
+        def et(*args):
+            return False
+
+        self.db.setexectrace(et)
+        try:
+            with self.db as db:
+                db.cursor().execute('create table etfoo2(x)')
+        except apsw.ExecTraceAbort:
+            pass
+        self.db.setexectrace(None)
+        self.assertTableNotExists("etfoo2")
+
+        # test blobs with context manager
+        self.db.cursor().execute("create table blobby(x); insert into blobby values(x'aabbccddee')")
+        rowid = self.db.last_insert_rowid()
+        blob = self.db.blobopen('main', 'blobby', 'x', rowid, 0)
+        with blob as b:
+            self.assertEqual(id(blob), id(b))
+            b.read(1)
+        # blob gives ValueError if you do operations on closed blob
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blob.read)
+
+        self.db.cursor().execute("insert into blobby values(x'aabbccddee')")
+        rowid = self.db.last_insert_rowid()
+        blob = self.db.blobopen('main', 'blobby', 'x', rowid, 0)
+        try:
+            with blob as b:
+                self.assertEqual(id(blob), id(b))
+                1 / 0
+                b.read(1)
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            # blob gives ValueError if you do operating on closed blob
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, blob.read)
+
+        # backup code
+        if not hasattr(self.db, "backup"): return  # experimental
+        db2 = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+        with db2.backup("main", self.db, "main") as b:
+            while not b.done:
+                b.step(1)
+        self.assertEqual(b.done, True)
+        self.assertDbIdentical(self.db, db2)
+
+    def fillWithRandomStuff(self, db, seed=1):
+        "Fills a database with random content"
+        db.cursor().execute("create table a(x)")
+        for i in range(1, 11):
+            db.cursor().execute("insert into a values(?)",
+                                ("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaabbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb" * i * 8192, ))
+
+    def assertDbIdentical(self, db1, db2):
+        "Ensures databases are identical"
+        c1 = db1.cursor()
+        c2 = db2.cursor()
+        self.assertEqual(list(c1.execute("select * from sqlite_master order by _ROWID_")),
+                         list(c2.execute("select * from sqlite_master order by _ROWID_")))
+        for table in db1.cursor().execute("select name from sqlite_master where type='table'"):
+            table = table[0]
+            self.assertEqual(
+                list(c1.execute("select * from [%s] order by _ROWID_" % (table, ))),
+                list(c2.execute("select * from [%s] order by _ROWID_" % (table, ))),
+            )
+        for table in db2.cursor().execute("select name from sqlite_master where type='table'"):
+            table = table[0]
+            self.assertEqual(
+                list(c1.execute("select * from [%s] order by _ROWID_" % (table, ))),
+                list(c2.execute("select * from [%s] order by _ROWID_" % (table, ))),
+            )
+
+    def testBackup(self):
+        "Verify hot backup functionality"
+        # bad calls
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.backup, "main", "main", "main", "main")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.backup, "main", 3, "main")
+        db2 = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+        db2.close()
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.db.backup, "main", db2, "main")
+        # can't copy self
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.db.backup, "main", self.db, "it doesn't care what is here")
+
+        # try and get inuse error
+        dbt = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+        vals = {"stop": False, "raised": False}
+
+        def wt():
+            # worker thread spins grabbing and releasing inuse flag
+            while not vals["stop"]:
+                try:
+                    dbt.setbusytimeout(100)
+                except apsw.ThreadingViolationError:
+                    # this means main thread grabbed inuse first
+                    pass
+
+        t = ThreadRunner(wt)
+        t.start()
+        b4 = time.time()
+        # try to get inuse error for 30 seconds
+        try:
+            try:
+                while not vals["stop"] and time.time() - b4 < 30:
+                    self.db.backup("main", dbt, "main").close()
+            except apsw.ThreadingViolationError:
+                vals["stop"] = True
+                vals["raised"] = True
+        finally:
+            vals["stop"] = True
+
+        # standard usage
+        db2 = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+        self.fillWithRandomStuff(db2)
+
+        b = self.db.backup("main", db2, "main")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, b.step, '3')
+        try:
+            b.step(1)
+            self.assertTrue(b.remaining > 0)
+            self.assertTrue(b.pagecount > 0)
+            while not b.done:
+                b.step(1)
+        finally:
+            b.finish()
+        self.assertDbIdentical(self.db, db2)
+        self.db.cursor().execute("drop table a")
+
+        # don't clean up
+        b = self.db.backup("main", db2, "main")
+        try:
+            while not b.done:
+                b.step(1)
+        finally:
+            b.finish()
+
+        self.assertDbIdentical(self.db, db2)
+        del b
+        del db2
+        fname = self.db.filename
+        self.db = None
+        gc.collect()
+
+        # check dest db can't be used for anything else
+        db2 = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+        c = db2.cursor()
+        c.execute("create table x(y); insert into x values(3); select * from x")
+        self.db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+        self.fillWithRandomStuff(self.db)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.ThreadingViolationError, db2.backup, "main", self.db, "main")
+        c.close()
+        b = db2.backup("main", self.db, "main")
+        # double check cursor really is dead
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.CursorClosedError, c.execute, "select 3")
+        # with the backup object existing, all operations on db2 should fail
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.ThreadingViolationError, db2.cursor)
+        # finish and then trying to step
+        b.finish()
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.ConnectionClosedError, b.step)
+
+        # make step and finish fail with locked error
+        self.db = apsw.Connection(fname)
+
+        def lockerr():
+            db2 = apsw.Connection(self.db.filename)
+            db2.cursor().execute("begin exclusive")
+            db3 = apsw.Connection(self.db.filename)
+            b = db3.backup("main", self.db, "main")
+            # if step gets busy then so does finish, but step has to be called at least once
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, b.step)
+            return b
+
+        b = lockerr()
+        b.close(True)
+        del b
+        b = lockerr()
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, b.close, False)
+        del b
+
+        b = lockerr()
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, b.finish)
+        b.finish()  # should be ok the second time
+        del b
+
+        b = lockerr()
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, b.close, "3")
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, b.close, False)
+        b.close()  # should also be ok
+        del b
+
+        def f():
+            b = lockerr()
+            del b
+            gc.collect()
+
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(apsw.BusyError, f)
+
+        # coverage
+        b = lockerr()
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, b.__exit__, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, b.__exit__, None, None, None)
+        b.__exit__(None, None, None)
+
+    def testLog(self):
+        "Verifies logging functions"
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.log)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.log, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.log, 1, 2)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.log, 1, 2, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.log, 1, None)
+        apsw.log(apsw.SQLITE_MISUSE, "Hello world")  # nothing should happen
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.config, apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, 2)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.config, apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG)
+        # Can't change once SQLite is initialised
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.MisuseError, apsw.config, apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, None)
+        # shutdown
+        self.db = None
+        gc.collect()
+        apsw.shutdown()
+        try:
+            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, None)
+            apsw.log(apsw.SQLITE_MISUSE, "Hello world")
+            called = [0]
+
+            def handler(code, message, called=called):
+                called[0] += 1
+                self.assertEqual(code, apsw.SQLITE_MISUSE)
+                self.assertEqual(message, u"a \u1234 unicode ' \ufe54 string \u0089")
+
+            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, handler)
+            apsw.log(apsw.SQLITE_MISUSE, u"a \u1234 unicode ' \ufe54 string \u0089")
+            self.assertEqual(called[0], 1)
+
+            def badhandler(code, message, called=called):
+                called[0] += 1
+                self.assertEqual(code, apsw.SQLITE_NOMEM)
+                self.assertEqual(message, u"Xa \u1234 unicode ' \ufe54 string \u0089")
+                1 / 0
+
+            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, badhandler)
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, apsw.log, apsw.SQLITE_NOMEM,
+                                        u"Xa \u1234 unicode ' \ufe54 string \u0089")
+            self.assertEqual(called[0], 2)
+        finally:
+            gc.collect()
+            apsw.shutdown()
+            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, None)
+
+    def testReadonly(self):
+        "Check Connection.readonly()"
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.readonly("main"), False)
+        c = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", flags=apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY)
+        self.assertEqual(c.readonly("main"), True)
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.db.readonly, "sdfsd")
+
+        class foo:
+
+            def __str__(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.readonly, foo())
+
+    def testFilename(self):
+        "Check connections and filenames"
+        self.assertTrue(self.db.filename.endswith("testdb"))
+        self.assertTrue(os.sep in self.db.filename)
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.filename, self.db.db_filename("main"))
+        self.db.cursor().execute("attach '%s' as foo" % (TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb2", ))
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.filename + "2", self.db.db_filename("foo"))
+
+    def testShell(self, shellclass=None):
+        "Check Shell functionality"
+        if shellclass is None:
+            shellclass = apsw.shell.Shell
+
+        fh = [open(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-" + t, "w+", encoding="utf8") for t in ("in", "out", "err")]
+        kwargs = {"stdin": fh[0], "stdout": fh[1], "stderr": fh[2]}
+
+        def reset():
+            for i in fh:
+                i.truncate(0)
+                i.seek(0)
+
+        def isempty(x):
+            self.assertEqual(get(x), "")
+
+        def isnotempty(x):
+            self.assertNotEqual(len(get(x)), 0)
+
+        def cmd(c):
+            assert fh[0].tell() == 0
+            fh[0].truncate(0)
+            fh[0].seek(0)
+            fh[0].write(c)
+            fh[0].seek(0)
+
+        def get(x):
+            x.seek(0)
+            return x.read()
+
+        # Make one
+        shellclass(stdin=fh[0], stdout=fh[1], stderr=fh[2])
+
+        # Lets give it some harmless sql arguments and do a sanity check
+        s = shellclass(args=[TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", "create table x(x)", "insert into x values(1)"], **kwargs)
+        self.assertTrue(s.db.filename.endswith("testdb"))
+        # do a dump and check our table is there with its values
+        s.command_dump([])
+        self.assertTrue("x(x)" in get(fh[1]))
+        self.assertTrue("(1);" in get(fh[1]))
+
+        # empty args
+        self.assertEqual((None, [], []), s.process_args(None))
+
+        # input description
+        reset()
+        write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "wt", "syntax error")
+        try:
+            shellclass(args=[TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", ".read %stest-shell-1" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, )], **kwargs)
+        except shellclass.Error:
+            self.assertTrue("test-shell-1" in get(fh[2]))
+            isempty(fh[1])
+
+        # Check single and double dash behave the same
+        reset()
+        try:
+            shellclass(args=["-init"], **kwargs)
+        except shellclass.Error:
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            self.assertTrue("specify a filename" in get(fh[2]))
+
+        reset()
+        s = shellclass(**kwargs)
+        try:
+            s.process_args(["--init"])
+        except shellclass.Error:
+            self.assertTrue("specify a filename" in str(sys.exc_info()[1]))
+
+        # various command line options
+        # an invalid one
+        reset()
+        try:
+            shellclass(args=["---tripledash"], **kwargs)
+        except shellclass.Error:
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            self.assertTrue("-tripledash" in get(fh[2]))
+            self.assertTrue("--tripledash" not in get(fh[2]))
+
+        ###
+        ### --init
+        ###
+        reset()
+        write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "wt", "syntax error")
+        try:
+            shellclass(args=["-init", TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1"], **kwargs)
+        except shellclass.Error:
+            # we want to make sure it read the file
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            self.assertTrue("syntax error" in get(fh[2]))
+        reset()
+        write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "wt", "select 3;")
+        shellclass(args=["-init", TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1"], **kwargs)
+        # we want to make sure it read the file
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue("3" in get(fh[1]))
+
+        ###
+        ### --header
+        ###
+        reset()
+        s = shellclass(**kwargs)
+        s.process_args(["--header"])
+        self.assertEqual(s.header, True)
+        s.process_args(["--noheader"])
+        self.assertEqual(s.header, False)
+        s.process_args(["--noheader", "-header", "-noheader", "--header"])
+        self.assertEqual(s.header, True)
+        # did they actually turn on?
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        s.process_args([TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", ".mode column", "select 3"])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue("3" in get(fh[1]))
+        self.assertTrue("----" in get(fh[1]))
+
+        ###
+        ### --echo, --bail, --interactive
+        ###
+        reset()
+        for v in ("echo", "bail", "interactive"):
+            s = shellclass(**kwargs)
+            b4 = getattr(s, v)
+            s.process_args(["--" + v])
+            # setting should have changed
+            self.assertNotEqual(b4, getattr(s, v))
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isempty(fh[2])
+
+        ###
+        ### --batch
+        ###
+        reset()
+        s = shellclass(**kwargs)
+        s.interactive = True
+        s.process_args(["-batch"])
+        self.assertEqual(s.interactive, False)
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+
+        ###
+        ### --separator, --nullvalue, --encoding
+        ###
+        for v, val in ("separator", "\n"), ("nullvalue", "abcdef"), ("encoding", "iso8859-1"):
+            reset()
+            s = shellclass(args=["--" + v, val], **kwargs)
+            # We need the eval because shell processes backslashes in
+            # string.  After deliberating that is the right thing to
+            # do
+            if v == "encoding":
+                self.assertEqual((val, None), getattr(s, v))
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(val, getattr(s, v))
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isempty(fh[2])
+            self.assertRaises(shellclass.Error, shellclass, args=["-" + v, val, "--" + v], **kwargs)
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            self.assertTrue(v in get(fh[2]))
+
+        ###
+        ### --version
+        ###
+        reset()
+        self.assertRaises(SystemExit, shellclass, args=["--version"], **kwargs)
+        # it writes to stdout
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue(apsw.sqlitelibversion() in get(fh[1]))
+
+        ###
+        ### --help
+        ###
+        reset()
+        self.assertRaises(SystemExit, shellclass, args=["--help"], **kwargs)
+        # it writes to stderr
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        self.assertTrue("-version" in get(fh[2]))
+
+        ###
+        ### Items that correspond to output mode
+        ###
+        reset()
+        shellclass(args=[
+            "--python", "--column", "--python", ":memory:", "create table x(x)", "insert into x values(x'aa')",
+            "select * from x;"
+        ],
+                   **kwargs)
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue('b"' in get(fh[1]) or "buffer(" in get(fh[1]))
+
+        ###
+        ### Is process_unknown_args called as documented?
+        ###
+        reset()
+
+        class s2(shellclass):
+
+            def process_unknown_args(self, args):
+                1 / 0
+
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, s2, args=["--unknown"], **kwargs)
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        self.assertTrue("division" in get(fh[2]))  # py2 says "integer division", py3 says "int division"
+
+        class s3(shellclass):
+
+            def process_unknown_args(_, args):
+                self.assertEqual(args[0:2], ["myoption", "myvalue"])
+                return args[2:]
+
+        reset()
+        self.assertRaises(s3.Error, s3, args=["--python", "--myoption", "myvalue", "--init"], **kwargs)
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        self.assertTrue("-init" in get(fh[2]))
+
+        ###
+        ### .open
+        ####
+        reset()
+        s = shellclass(**kwargs)
+        self.assertTrue(s.db.filename == "")
+        for n in "testdb", "testdb2", "testdb3":
+            fn = TESTFILEPREFIX + n
+            reset()
+            cmd(".open " + fn)
+            s.cmdloop()
+            self.assertTrue(s.db.filename.endswith(fn))
+        reset()
+        fn = TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb"
+        cmd(".open " + fn)
+        cmd("create table foo(x); insert into foo values(2);")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        for row in s.db.cursor().execute("select * from foo"):
+            break
+        else:
+            self.fail("Table doesn't have any rows")
+        reset()
+        cmd(".open --new " + fn)
+        s.cmdloop()
+        for row in s.db.cursor().execute("select * from sqlite_master"):
+            self.fail("--new didn't wipe file")
+
+        ###
+        ### Some test data
+        ###
+        reset()
+        s = shellclass(**kwargs)
+        s.cmdloop()
+
+        def testnasty():
+            reset()
+            # py 3 barfs with any codepoints above 0xffff whining
+            # about surrogates not being allowed.  If only it
+            # implemented unicode properly.
+            cmd(u"create table if not exists nastydata(x,y); insert into nastydata values(null,'xxx\\u1234\\uabcdyyy\r\n\t\"this is nasty\u0001stuff!');"
+                )
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isempty(fh[2])
+            reset()
+            cmd(".bail on\n.header OFF\nselect * from nastydata;")
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[2])
+            isnotempty(fh[1])
+
+        ###
+        ### Output formats - column
+        ###
+        reset()
+        x = 'a' * 20
+        cmd(".mode column\n.header ON\nselect '" + x + "';")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        # colwidth should be 2 more
+        sep = '-' * (len(x) + 2)  # apostrophes quoting string in column header
+        out = get(fh[1]).replace("\n", "")
+        self.assertEqual(len(out.split(sep)), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(out.split(sep)[0]), len(x) + 2)  # plus two apostrophes
+        self.assertEqual(len(out.split(sep)[1]), len(x) + 2)  # same
+        self.assertTrue("  " in out.split(sep)[1])  # space padding
+        # make sure truncation happens
+        reset()
+        cmd(".width 5\nselect '" + x + "';\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue("a" * 6 not in get(fh[1]))
+        # right justification
+        reset()
+        cmd(".header off\n.width -3 -3\nselect 3,3;\n.width 3 3\nselect 3,3;")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        v = get(fh[1])
+        self.assertTrue(v.startswith("  3    3"))
+        v = v.split("\n")
+        self.assertNotEqual(v[0], v[1])
+        self.assertEqual(len(v[0]), len(v[1]))
+        # do not output blob as is
+        self.assertTrue(u"\xaa" not in get(fh[1]))
+        # undo explain
+        reset()
+        cmd(".explain OFF\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        testnasty()
+
+        ###
+        ### Output formats - csv
+        ###
+        reset()
+        # mode change should reset separator
+        cmd(".separator F\n.mode csv\nselect 3,3;\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue("3,3" in get(fh[1]))
+        # tab sep
+        reset()
+        cmd(".separator '\\t'\nselect 3,3;\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue("3\t3" in get(fh[1]))
+        # back to comma
+        reset()
+        cmd(".mode csv\nselect 3,3;\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue("3,3" in get(fh[1]))
+        # quoting
+        reset()
+        cmd(".header ON\nselect 3 as [\"one\"], 4 as [\t];\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue('"""one""",\t' in get(fh[1]))
+        # custom sep
+        reset()
+        cmd(".separator |\nselect 3 as [\"one\"], 4 as [\t];\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue("3|4\n" in get(fh[1]))
+        self.assertTrue('"one"|\t\n' in get(fh[1]))
+        # testnasty() - csv module is pretty much broken
+
+        ###
+        ### Output formats - html
+        ###
+        reset()
+        cmd(".mode html\n.header OFF\nselect 3,4;\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        # should be no header
+        self.assertTrue("<th>" not in get(fh[1]).lower())
+        # does it actually work?
+        self.assertTrue("<td>3</td>" in get(fh[1]).lower())
+        # check quoting works
+        reset()
+        cmd(".header ON\nselect 3 as [<>&];\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue("<th>&lt;&gt;&amp;</th>" in get(fh[1]).lower())
+        # do we output rows?
+        self.assertTrue("<tr>" in get(fh[1]).lower())
+        self.assertTrue("</tr>" in get(fh[1]).lower())
+        testnasty()
+
+        ###
+        ### Output formats - insert
+        ###
+        reset()
+        all = "3,3.1,'3.11',null,x'0311'"
+        cmd(".mode insert\n.header OFF\nselect " + all + ";\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue(all in get(fh[1]).lower())
+        # empty values
+        reset()
+        all = "0,0.0,'',null,x''"
+        cmd("select " + all + ";\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue(all in get(fh[1]).lower())
+        # header, separator and nullvalue should make no difference
+        save = get(fh[1])
+        reset()
+        cmd(".header ON\n.separator %\n.nullvalue +\nselect " + all + ";\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertEqual(save, get(fh[1]))
+        # check the table name
+        self.assertTrue(get(fh[1]).lower().startswith('insert into "table" values'))
+        reset()
+        cmd(".mode insert funkychicken\nselect " + all + ";\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue(get(fh[1]).lower().startswith("insert into funkychicken values"))
+        testnasty()
+
+        ###
+        ### Output formats - json
+        ###
+        reset()
+        all = "3,2.2,'string',null,x'0311'"
+        cmd(".mode json\n.header ON\n select " + all + ";")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        v = get(fh[1]).strip()
+        v = v[:-1]  # remove trailing comma
+        havejson = False
+        try:
+            import json
+            havejson = True
+        except ImportError:
+            try:
+                import simplejson as json
+                havejson = True
+            except ImportError:
+                pass
+        if havejson:
+            out = json.loads(v)
+            self.assertEqual(out, {"3": 3, "2.2": 2.2, "'string'": "string", "null": None, "x'0311'": "AxE="})
+        # a regular table
+        reset()
+        cmd("create table jsontest([int], [float], [string], [null], [blob]);insert into jsontest values(" + all +
+            ");select * from jsontest;")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        v = get(fh[1]).strip()[:-1]
+        if havejson:
+            out = json.loads(v)
+            self.assertEqual(out, {"int": 3, "float": 2.2, "string": "string", "null": None, "blob": "AxE="})
+        testnasty()
+
+        ###
+        ### Output formats - line
+        ###
+        reset()
+        cmd(".header OFF\n.nullvalue *\n.mode line\nselect 3 as a, null as b, 0.0 as c, 'a' as d, x'aa' as e;\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        out = get(fh[1]).replace(" ", "")
+        self.assertTrue("a=3\n" in out)
+        self.assertTrue("b=*\n" in out)
+        self.assertTrue("c=0.0\n" in out)
+        self.assertTrue("d=a\n" in out)
+        self.assertTrue("e=<Binarydata>\n" in out)
+        self.assertEqual(7, len(out.split("\n")))  # one for each col plus two trailing newlines
+        # header should make no difference
+        reset()
+        cmd(".header ON\n.nullvalue *\n.mode line\nselect 3 as a, null as b, 0.0 as c, 'a' as d, x'aa' as e;\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertEqual(out, get(fh[1]).replace(" ", ""))
+        # wide column name
+        reset()
+        ln = "kjsfhgjksfdjkgfhkjsdlafgjkhsdkjahfkjdsajfhsdja" * 12
+        cmd("select 3 as %s, 3 as %s1;" % (ln, ln))
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertEqual(get(fh[1]), " %s = 3\n%s1 = 3\n\n" % (ln, ln))
+        testnasty()
+
+        ###
+        ### Output formats - list
+        ###
+        reset()
+        cmd(".header off\n.mode list\n.nullvalue (\n.separator &\nselect 3 as a, null as b, 0.0 as c, 'a' as d, x'aa' as e;\n"
+            )
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertEqual(get(fh[1]), '3&(&0.0&a&<Binary data>\n')
+        reset()
+        # header on
+        cmd(".header on\n.mode list\n.nullvalue (\n.separator &\nselect 3 as a, null as b, 0.0 as c, 'a' as d, x'aa' as e;\n"
+            )
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue(get(fh[1]).startswith("a&b&c&d&e\n"))
+        testnasty()
+
+        ###
+        ### Output formats - python
+        ###
+        reset()
+        cmd(".header off\n.mode python\nselect 3 as a, null as b, 0.0 as c, 'a' as d, x'aa44bb' as e;\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        v = eval(get(fh[1]))
+        self.assertEqual(len(v), 1)  # 1 tuple
+        self.assertEqual(v, ((3, None, 0.0, 'a', b"\xaa\x44\xbb"), ))
+        reset()
+        cmd(".header on\n.mode python\nselect 3 as a, null as b, 0.0 as c, 'a' as d, x'aa44bb' as e;\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        v = eval("(" + get(fh[1]) + ")")  # need parentheses otherwise indent rules apply
+        self.assertEqual(len(v), 2)  # headers and row
+        self.assertEqual(v, (
+            ("a", "b", "c", "d", "e"),
+            (3, None, 0.0, 'a', b"\xaa\x44\xbb"),
+        ))
+        testnasty()
+
+        ###
+        ### Output formats - TCL
+        ###
+        reset()
+        cmd(".header off\n.mode tcl\n.separator -\n.nullvalue ?\nselect 3 as a, null as b, 0.0 as c, 'a' as d, x'aa44bb' as e;\n"
+            )
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertEqual(get(fh[1]), '"3"-"?"-"0.0"-"a"-"\\xAAD\\xBB"\n')
+        reset()
+        cmd(".header on\nselect 3 as a, null as b, 0.0 as c, 'a' as d, x'aa44bb' as e;\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue('"a"-"b"-"c"-"d"-"e"' in get(fh[1]))
+        testnasty()
+
+        # What happens if db cannot be opened?
+        s.process_args(args=["/"])
+        reset()
+        cmd("select * from sqlite_master;\n.bail on\nselect 3;\n")
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.CantOpenError, s.cmdloop)
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        self.assertTrue("unable to open database file" in get(fh[2]))
+
+        # echo testing - multiple statements
+        s.process_args([":memory:"])  # back to memory db
+        reset()
+        cmd(".bail off\n.echo on\nselect 3;\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        self.assertTrue("select 3;\n" in get(fh[2]))
+        # multiline
+        reset()
+        cmd("select 3;select 4;\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        self.assertTrue("select 3;\n" in get(fh[2]))
+        self.assertTrue("select 4;\n" in get(fh[2]))
+        # multiline with error
+        reset()
+        cmd("select 3;select error;select 4;\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        # worked line should be present
+        self.assertTrue("select 3;\n" in get(fh[2]))
+        # as should the error
+        self.assertTrue("no such column: error" in get(fh[2]))
+        # is timing info output correctly?
+        reset()
+        timersupported = False
+        try:
+            cmd(".bail on\n.echo off\n.timer on\n.timer off\n")
+            s.cmdloop()
+            timersupported = True
+        except s.Error:
+            pass
+
+        if timersupported:
+            reset()
+            # create something that should take some time to execute
+            s.db.cursor().execute("create table xyz(x); begin;")
+            s.db.cursor().executemany("insert into xyz values(?)", randomintegers(4000))
+            s.db.cursor().execute("end")
+            reset()
+            # this takes .6 seconds on my machine so we should
+            # definitely have non-zero timing information
+            cmd(".timer ON\nselect max(x),min(x),max(x+x),min(x-x) from xyz union select x+max(x),x-min(x),3,4 from xyz union select x,x,x,x from xyz union select x,x,x,x from xyz;select 3;\n"
+                )
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isnotempty(fh[1])
+            isnotempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd(".bail off\n.timer off")
+        s.cmdloop()
+
+        # command handling
+        reset()
+        cmd(".nonexist 'unclosed")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        self.assertTrue("no closing quotation" in get(fh[2]).lower())
+        reset()
+        cmd(".notexist       ")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        self.assertTrue('Unknown command "notexist"' in get(fh[2]))
+
+        ###
+        ### Commands - backup and restore
+        ###
+
+        reset()
+        cmd(".backup with too many parameters")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isnotempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd(".backup ")  # too few
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isnotempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd(".restore with too many parameters")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isnotempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd(".restore ")  # too few
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isnotempty(fh[2])
+        # bogus filenames
+        for i in ('/', '"main" /'):
+            for c in (".backup ", ".restore "):
+                reset()
+                cmd(c + i)
+                s.cmdloop()
+                isempty(fh[1])
+                isnotempty(fh[2])
+
+        def randomtable(cur, dbname=None):
+            name = list("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxtz")
+            random.shuffle(name)
+            name = "".join(name)
+            fullname = name
+            if dbname:
+                fullname = dbname + "." + fullname
+            cur.execute("begin;create table %s(x)" % (fullname, ))
+            cur.executemany("insert into %s values(?)" % (fullname, ), randomintegers(400))
+            cur.execute("end")
+            return name
+
+        # Straight forward backup.  The gc.collect() is needed because
+        # non-gc cursors hanging around will prevent the backup from
+        # happening.
+        n = randomtable(s.db.cursor())
+        contents = s.db.cursor().execute("select * from " + n).fetchall()
+        reset()
+        cmd(".backup %stestdb2" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
+        gc.collect()
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd("drop table " + n + ";")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile("%stestdb2" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, )))
+        reset()
+        cmd(".restore %stestdb2" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
+        gc.collect()
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        newcontents = s.db.cursor().execute("select * from " + n).fetchall()
+        # no guarantee of result order
+        contents.sort()
+        newcontents.sort()
+        self.assertEqual(contents, newcontents)
+
+        # do they pay attention to the dbname
+        s.db.cursor().execute("attach ':memory:' as memdb")
+        n = randomtable(s.db.cursor(), "memdb")
+        contents = s.db.cursor().execute("select * from memdb." + n).fetchall()
+        reset()
+        gc.collect()
+        cmd(".backup memdb %stestdb2" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        s.db.cursor().execute("detach memdb; attach ':memory:' as memdb2")
+        reset()
+        gc.collect()
+        cmd(".restore memdb2 %stestdb2" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        newcontents = s.db.cursor().execute("select * from memdb2." + n).fetchall()
+        # no guarantee of result order
+        contents.sort()
+        newcontents.sort()
+        self.assertEqual(contents, newcontents)
+
+        ###
+        ### Commands - bail
+        ###
+        reset()
+        cmd(".bail")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isnotempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd(".bail on\n.mode list\nselect 3;\nselect error;\nselect 4;\n")
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.Error, s.cmdloop)
+        self.assertTrue("3" in get(fh[1]))
+        self.assertTrue("4" not in get(fh[1]))
+        reset()
+        cmd(".bail oFf\n.mode list\nselect 3;\nselect error;\nselect 4;\n")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        self.assertTrue("3" in get(fh[1]))
+        self.assertTrue("4" in get(fh[1]))
+
+        ###
+        ### Commands - databases
+        ###
+        reset()
+        cmd(".databases foo")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isnotempty(fh[2])
+        # clean things up
+        s = shellclass(**kwargs)
+        reset()
+        cmd(".header oFF\n.databases")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        for i in "main", "name", "file":
+            self.assertTrue(i in get(fh[1]))
+        reset()
+        cmd("attach '%stestdb' as quack;\n.databases" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        for i in "main", "name", "file", "testdb", "quack":
+            self.assertTrue(i in get(fh[1]))
+        reset()
+        cmd("detach quack;")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        for i in "testdb", "quack":
+            self.assertTrue(i not in get(fh[1]))
+
+        ###
+        ### Commands - dump
+        ###
+        reset()
+        cmd("create     table foo(x); create table bar(x);\n.dump foox")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd(".dump foo")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        for i in "foo", "create table", "begin", "commit":
+            self.assertTrue(i in get(fh[1]).lower())
+        self.assertTrue("bar" not in get(fh[1]).lower())
+        # can we do virtual tables?
+        reset()
+        if self.checkOptionalExtension("fts3", "create virtual table foo using fts3()"):
+            reset()
+            cmd("CREATE virtual TaBlE    fts3     using fts3(colA FRED  , colB JOHN DOE);\n"
+                "insert into fts3 values('one', 'two');insert into fts3 values('onee', 'two');\n"
+                "insert into fts3 values('one', 'two two two');")
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isempty(fh[2])
+            reset()
+            cmd(".dump")
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[2])
+            v = get(fh[1])
+            for i in "pragma writable_schema", "create virtual table fts3", "cola fred", "colb john doe":
+                self.assertTrue(i in v.lower())
+        # analyze
+        reset()
+        cmd("drop table bar;create table bar(x unique,y);create index barf on bar(x,y);create index barff on bar(y);insert into bar values(3,4);\nanalyze;\n.dump bar"
+            )
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        v = get(fh[1])
+        for i in "analyze bar", "create index barf":
+            self.assertTrue(i in v.lower())
+        self.assertTrue("autoindex" not in v.lower())  # created by sqlite to do unique constraint
+        self.assertTrue("sqlite_sequence" not in v.lower())  # not autoincrements
+        # repeat but all tables
+        reset()
+        cmd(".dump")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        v = get(fh[1])
+        for i in "analyze bar", "create index barf":
+            self.assertTrue(i in v.lower())
+        self.assertTrue("autoindex" not in v.lower())  # created by sqlite to do unique constraint
+        # foreign keys
+        reset()
+        cmd("create table xxx(z references bar(x));\n.dump")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        v = get(fh[1])
+        for i in "foreign_keys", "references":
+            self.assertTrue(i in v.lower())
+        # views
+        reset()
+        cmd("create view noddy as select * from foo;\n.dump noddy")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        v = get(fh[1])
+        for i in "drop view", "create view noddy":
+            self.assertTrue(i in v.lower())
+        # issue82 - view ordering
+        reset()
+        cmd("create table issue82(x);create view issue82_2 as select * from issue82; create view issue82_1 as select count(*) from issue82_2;\n.dump issue82%"
+            )
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        v = get(fh[1])
+        s.db.cursor().execute("drop table issue82 ; drop view issue82_1 ; drop view issue82_2")
+        reset()
+        cmd(v)
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        # autoincrement
+        reset()
+        cmd("create table abc(x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT); insert into abc values(null);insert into abc values(null);\n.dump"
+            )
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        v = get(fh[1])
+        for i in "sqlite_sequence", "'abc', 2":
+            self.assertTrue(i in v.lower())
+        # user version
+        self.assertTrue("user_version" not in v)
+        reset()
+        cmd("pragma user_version=27;\n.dump")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        v = get(fh[1])
+        self.assertTrue("pragma user_version=27;" in v)
+        s.db.cursor().execute("pragma user_version=0")
+        # some nasty stuff
+        reset()
+        cmd(u"create table nastydata(x,y); insert into nastydata values(null,'xxx\\u1234\\uabcd\\U00012345yyy\r\n\t\"this is nasty\u0001stuff!');"
+            'create table "table"([except] int); create table [](""); create table [using]("&");')
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd(".dump")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        v = get(fh[1])
+        self.assertTrue("nasty" in v)
+        self.assertTrue("stuff" in v)
+        # sanity check the dumps
+        reset()
+        cmd(v)  # should run just fine
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        # drop all the tables we made to do another dump and compare with before
+        for t in "abc", "bar", "foo", "fts3", "xxx", "noddy", "sqlite_sequence", "sqlite_stat1", \
+                "issue82", "issue82_1", "issue82_2":
+            reset()
+            cmd("drop table %s;drop view %s;" % (t, t))
+            s.cmdloop()  # there will be errors which we ignore
+        reset()
+        cmd(v)
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        # another dump
+        reset()
+        cmd(".dump")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        v2 = get(fh[1])
+        v = re.sub("-- Date:.*", "", v)
+        v2 = re.sub("-- Date:.*", "", v2)
+        self.assertEqual(v, v2)
+        # clean database
+        reset()
+        s = shellclass(args=[':memory:'], **kwargs)
+        cmd(v)
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd(v2 + "\n.dump")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        v3 = get(fh[1])
+        v3 = re.sub("-- Date:.*", "", v3)
+        self.assertEqual(v, v3)
+        # trailing comments
+        reset()
+        cmd("""create table xxblah(b -- ff
+) -- xx
+; create index xxfoo on xxblah(b -- ff
+) -- xx
+; create view xxbar as select * from xxblah -- ff
+;
+insert into xxblah values(3);
+.dump
+""")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        dump = get(fh[1])
+        reset()
+        cmd("drop table xxblah; drop view xxbar;")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        reset()
+        cmd(dump)
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        self.assertEqual(s.db.cursor().execute("select * from xxbar").fetchall(), [(3, )])
+        # check index
+        reset()
+        cmd("drop index xxfoo;")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+
+        ###
+        ### Command - echo
+        ###
+        reset()
+        cmd(".echo")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isnotempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd(".echo bananas")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isnotempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd(".echo on on")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isnotempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd(".echo off\nselect 3;")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        self.assertTrue("3" in get(fh[1]))
+        self.assertTrue("select 3" not in get(fh[2]))
+        reset()
+        cmd(".echo on\nselect 3;")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        self.assertTrue("3" in get(fh[1]))
+        self.assertTrue("select 3" in get(fh[2]))
+        # more complex testing is done earlier including multiple statements and errors
+
+        ###
+        ### Command - encoding
+        ###
+        self.suppressWarning("ResourceWarning")
+        for i in ".encoding one two", ".encoding", ".encoding utf8 another":
+            reset()
+            cmd(i)
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isnotempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd(".encoding this-does-not-exist")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        self.assertTrue("no known encoding" in get(fh[2]).lower())
+        # use iso8859-1 to make sure data is read correctly - it
+        # differs from utf8
+        us = u"unitestdata \xaa\x89 34"
+        write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1",
+                         "w",
+                         f"insert into enctest values('{ us }');\n",
+                         encoding="iso8859-1")
+        gc.collect()
+        reset()
+        cmd(".encoding iso8859-1\ncreate table enctest(x);\n.echo on\n.read %stest-shell-1\n.echo off" %
+            (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
+        s.cmdloop()
+        self.assertEqual(s.db.cursor().execute("select * from enctest").fetchall()[0][0], us)
+        self.assertTrue(us in get(fh[2]))
+        reset()
+        write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "w", us + "\n", encoding="iso8859-1")
+        cmd("drop table enctest;create table enctest(x);\n.import %stest-shell-1 enctest" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        self.assertEqual(s.db.cursor().execute("select * from enctest").fetchall()[0][0], us)
+        reset()
+        cmd(".output %stest-shell-1\n.mode list\nselect * from enctest;" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
+        s.cmdloop()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            read_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "rb").strip(),  # skip eol
+            us.encode("iso8859-1"))
+        reset()
+        cmd(".output stdout\nselect '%s';\n" % (us, ))
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue(us in get(fh[1]))
+
+        ### encoding specifying error handling - see issue 108
+        reset()
+        cmd(".encoding utf8:replace")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        # non-existent error
+        reset()
+        cmd(".encoding cp437:blahblah")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isnotempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue("blahblah" in get(fh[2]))
+        # check replace works
+        reset()
+        us = u"\N{BLACK STAR}8\N{WHITE STAR}"
+        write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1",
+                         "w",
+                         f"insert into enctest values('{ us }');",
+                         encoding="utf8")
+        cmd(".encoding utf8\n.read %stest-shell-1\n.encoding cp437:replace\n.output %stest-shell-1\nselect * from enctest;\n.encoding utf8\n.output stdout"
+            % (TESTFILEPREFIX, TESTFILEPREFIX))
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        self.assertTrue("?8?" in read_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "rt", "cp437"))
+
+        ###
+        ### Command - exceptions
+        ###
+        reset()
+        cmd("syntax error;")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isnotempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue(len(get(fh[2]).split("\n")) < 5)
+        reset()
+        cmd(".exceptions on\nsyntax error;")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isnotempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue(len(get(fh[2]).split("\n")) > 10)
+        self.assertTrue("sql = " in get(fh[2]))
+        # deliberately leave exceptions on
+
+        ###
+        ### Command - exit & quit
+        ###
+        for i in ".exit", ".quit":
+            reset()
+            cmd(i)
+            self.assertRaises(SystemExit, s.cmdloop)
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isempty(fh[2])
+            reset()
+            cmd(i + " jjgflk")
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isnotempty(fh[2])
+
+        ###
+        ### Command explain and header are tested above
+        ###
+        # pass
+
+        ###
+        ### Command find
+        ###
+        reset()
+        cmd(".find one two three")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isnotempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd("create table findtest([x\" x],y); insert into findtest values(3, 'xx3'); insert into findtest values(34, 'abcd');"
+            )
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd(".find 3")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        for text, present in (("findtest", True), ("xx3", True), ("34", False)):
+            if present:
+                self.assertTrue(text in get(fh[1]))
+            else:
+                self.assertTrue(text not in get(fh[1]))
+        reset()
+        cmd(".find does-not-exist")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd(".find ab_d")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        for text, present in (("findtest", True), ("xx3", False), ("34", True)):
+            if present:
+                self.assertTrue(text in get(fh[1]))
+            else:
+                self.assertTrue(text not in get(fh[1]))
+        reset()
+        cmd(".find 3 table-not-exist")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+
+        ###
+        ### Command help
+        ###
+        reset()
+        cmd(".help\n.help all\n.help import backup")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        for i in ".import", "Reads data from the file":
+            self.assertTrue(i in get(fh[2]))
+        reset()
+        cmd(".help backup notexist import")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        for i in "Copies the contents", "No such command":
+            self.assertTrue(i in get(fh[2]))
+        # screw up terminal width
+        origtw = s._terminal_width
+
+        def tw(*args):
+            return 7
+
+        s._terminal_width = tw
+        reset()
+        cmd(".bail on\n.help all\n.bail off")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isnotempty(fh[2])
+
+        ###
+        ### Command - import
+        ###
+        # check it fundamentally works
+        reset()
+        cmd(".encoding utf16\ncreate table imptest(x real, y char);\n"
+            "insert into imptest values(3.1, 'xabc');\n"
+            "insert into imptest values(3.2, 'xabfff\"ffffc');\n"
+            ".output %stest-shell-1\n.mode csv\nselect * from imptest;\n"
+            ".output stdout" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        # make sure encoding took
+        self.assertTrue(b"xab" not in read_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "rb"))
+        data = s.db.cursor().execute("select * from imptest; delete from imptest").fetchall()
+        self.assertEqual(2, len(data))
+        reset()
+        cmd(".import %stest-shell-1 imptest" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        newdata = s.db.cursor().execute("select * from imptest; drop table imptest").fetchall()
+        data.sort()
+        newdata.sort()
+        self.assertEqual(data, newdata)
+        # error handling
+        for i in ".import", ".import one", ".import one two three", ".import nosuchfile nosuchtable", ".import nosuchfile sqlite_master":
+            reset()
+            cmd(i)
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isnotempty(fh[2])
+        # wrong number of columns
+        reset()
+        cmd("create table imptest(x,y);\n.mode tabs\n.output %stest-shell-1\nselect 3,4;select 5,6;select 7,8,9;" %
+            (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd(".output stdout\n.import %stest-shell-1 imptest" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isnotempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        # check it was done in a transaction and aborted
+        self.assertEqual(0, s.db.cursor().execute("select count(*) from imptest").fetchall()[0][0])
+
+        ###
+        ### Command - autoimport
+        ###
+
+        # errors
+        for i in ".autoimport", ".autoimport 1 2 3", ".autoimport nosuchfile", ".autoimport %stest-shell-1 sqlite_master" % (
+                TESTFILEPREFIX, ):
+            reset()
+            cmd(i)
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isnotempty(fh[2])
+
+        # check correct detection with each type of separator and that types are not mangled
+        c = s.db.cursor()
+        for row in (
+            ('a,b', '21/1/20', '00'),
+            ('  ', '1/1/20', 10),
+            ('a"b', '1/1/01', '00'),
+            ('+40', '01123', '2010 100 15'),
+            ('2010//10//13', '2010/10/13  12', 2),
+            ('2010/13/13 12:13', '13/13/2010 12:93', '13/2010/13'),
+            ("+3", " 3", 3),
+            ("03.03", "03.03.20", "03"),
+            (
+                (None, 2, 5.5),
+                (None, 4, 99),
+            ),
+        ):
+
+            c.execute("""drop table if exists aitest ; create table aitest("x y", ["], "3d")""")
+            if isinstance(row[0], tuple):
+                f = c.executemany
+            else:
+                f = c.execute
+            f("insert into aitest values(?,?,?)", row)
+            fname = TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1"
+            for sep in "\t", "|", ",", "X":
+                reset()
+                cmd(".mode csv\n.headers on\n.output %stest-shell-1\n.separator \"%s\"\nselect * from aitest;\n.output stdout\n.separator X\ndrop table if exists \"test-shell-1\";\n.autoimport %stest-shell-1"
+                    % (TESTFILEPREFIX, sep, TESTFILEPREFIX))
+                s.cmdloop()
+                isnotempty(fh[1])
+                isempty(fh[2])
+                self.assertTablesEqual(s.db, "aitest", s.db, "test-shell-1")
+
+        # Change encoding back to sensible
+        reset()
+        cmd(".encoding utf8")
+        s.cmdloop()
+
+        # Check date detection
+        for expect, fmt, sequences in (("1999-10-13", "%d-%d:%d", (
+            (1999, 10, 13),
+            (13, 10, 1999),
+            (10, 13, 1999),
+        )), ("1999-10-13T12:14:17", "%d/%d/%d/%d/%d/%d", (
+            (1999, 10, 13, 12, 14, 17),
+            (13, 10, 1999, 12, 14, 17),
+            (10, 13, 1999, 12, 14, 17),
+        )), ("1999-10-13T12:14:00", "%dX%dX%dX%dX%d", (
+            (1999, 10, 13, 12, 14),
+            (13, 10, 1999, 12, 14),
+            (10, 13, 1999, 12, 14),
+        ))):
+            for seq in sequences:
+                write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "wt", ("a,b\nrow," + (fmt % seq) + "\n"))
+                reset()
+                cmd("drop table [test-shell-1];\n.autoimport %stest-shell-1" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
+                s.cmdloop()
+                isempty(fh[2])
+                imp = c.execute("select b from [test-shell-1] where a='row'").fetchall()[0][0]
+                self.assertEqual(imp, expect)
+
+        # Check diagnostics when unable to import
+        for err, content in (
+            ("current encoding", b"\x81\x82\x83\tfoo\n\x84\x97\xff\tbar"),
+            ("known type", "abcdef\nhiojklmnop\n"),
+            ("more than one", 'ab,c\tdef\nqr,dd\t\n'),
+            ("ambiguous data format", "a,b\n1/1/2001,3\n2001/4/4,4\n"),
+        ):
+            if isinstance(content, bytes):
+                continue
+            write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "wt", content)
+            reset()
+            cmd("drop table [test-shell-1];\n.autoimport %stest-shell-1" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
+            s.cmdloop()
+            errmsg = get(fh[2])
+            self.assertTrue(err in errmsg)
+
+        ###
+        ### Command - indices
+        ###
+        for i in ".indices", ".indices one two":
+            reset()
+            cmd(i)
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isnotempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd("create table indices(x unique, y unique); create index shouldseethis on indices(x,y);")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        reset()
+        cmd(".indices indices")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        for i in "shouldseethis", "autoindex":
+            self.assertTrue(i in get(fh[1]))
+
+        ###
+        ### Command - load
+        ###
+        if hasattr(APSW, "testLoadExtension"):
+            lf = LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME
+            for i in ".load", ".load one two three":
+                reset()
+                cmd(i)
+                s.cmdloop()
+                isempty(fh[1])
+                isnotempty(fh[2])
+            reset()
+            cmd(".load nosuchfile")
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            self.assertTrue("nosuchfile" in get(fh[2]) or "ExtensionLoadingError" in get(fh[2]))
+            reset()
+            cmd(".mode list\n.load " + lf + " alternate_sqlite3_extension_init\nselect doubleup(2);")
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[2])
+            self.assertTrue("4" in get(fh[1]))
+            reset()
+            cmd(".mode list\n.load " + lf + "\nselect half(2);")
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[2])
+            self.assertTrue("1" in get(fh[1]))
+
+        ###
+        ### Command - mode
+        ###
+        # already thoroughly tested in code above
+        for i in ".mode", ".mode foo more", ".mode invalid":
+            reset()
+            cmd(i)
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isnotempty(fh[2])
+
+        ###
+        ### command nullvalue & separator
+        ###
+        # already tested in code above
+        for i in ".nullvalue", ".nullvalue jkhkl lkjkj", ".separator", ".separator one two":
+            reset()
+            cmd(i)
+            b4 = s.nullvalue, s.separator
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isnotempty(fh[2])
+            self.assertEqual(b4, (s.nullvalue, s.separator))
+
+        ###
+        ### command output
+        ###
+        for i in ".output", ".output too many args", ".output " + os.sep:
+            reset()
+            cmd(i)
+            b4 = s.stdout
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isnotempty(fh[2])
+            self.assertEqual(b4, s.stdout)
+
+        ###
+        ### Command prompt
+        ###
+        # not much to test until pty testing is working
+        for i in ".prompt", ".prompt too many args":
+            reset()
+            cmd(i)
+            b4 = s.prompt, s.moreprompt
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isnotempty(fh[2])
+            self.assertEqual(b4, (s.prompt, s.moreprompt))
+
+        ###
+        ### Command read
+        ###
+        # pretty much thoroughly tested above
+        write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1.py", "wt", """
+assert apsw
+assert shell
+shell.write(shell.stdout, "hello world\\n")
+""")
+        for i in ".read", ".read one two", ".read " + os.sep:
+            reset()
+            cmd(i)
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isnotempty(fh[2])
+
+        reset()
+        cmd(".read %stest-shell-1.py" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue("hello world" in get(fh[1]))
+
+        # restore tested with backup
+
+        ###
+        ### Command - schema
+        ###
+        # make sure it works
+        reset()
+        cmd(".schema")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        isnotempty(fh[1])
+        reset()
+        cmd("create table schematest(x);create index unrelatedname on schematest(x);\n.schema schematest foo notexist foo"
+            )
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        for i in "schematest", "unrelatedname":
+            self.assertTrue(i in get(fh[1]))
+
+        # separator done earlier
+
+        ###
+        ### Command - show
+        ###
+        # set all settings to known values
+        resetcmd = ".echo off\n.explain off\n.headers off\n.mode list\n.nullvalue ''\n.output stdout\n.separator |\n.width 1 2 3\n.exceptions off"
+        reset()
+        cmd(resetcmd)
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        reset()
+        cmd(".show")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isnotempty(fh[2])
+        baseline = get(fh[2])
+        for i in ".echo on", ".explain", ".headers on", ".mode column", ".nullvalue T", ".separator %", ".width 8 9 1", ".exceptions on":
+            reset()
+            cmd(resetcmd)
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            if not get(fh[2]).startswith(".echo off"):
+                isempty(fh[2])
+            reset()
+            cmd(i + "\n.show")
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            # check size has not changed much
+            self.assertTrue(abs(len(get(fh[2])) - len(baseline)) < 14)
+
+        # output
+        reset()
+        cmd(".output %stest-shell-1\n.show" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        self.assertTrue("output: " + TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1" in get(fh[2]))
+        reset()
+        cmd(".output stdout\n.show")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        self.assertTrue("output: stdout" in get(fh[2]))
+        self.assertTrue(not os.path.exists("stdout"))
+        # errors
+        reset()
+        cmd(".show one two")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        self.assertTrue("at most one parameter" in get(fh[2]))
+        reset()
+        cmd(".show notexist")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        self.assertTrue("notexist: " not in get(fh[2]))
+
+        ###
+        ### Command tables
+        ###
+        reset()
+        cmd(".tables")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        isnotempty(fh[1])
+        reset()
+        cmd("create table tabletest(x);create index tabletest1 on tabletest(x);create index noway on tabletest(x);\n.tables tabletest\n.tables"
+            )
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[2])
+        self.assertTrue("tabletest" in get(fh[1]))
+        self.assertTrue("tabletest1" not in get(fh[1]))
+        self.assertTrue("noway" not in get(fh[1]))
+
+        ###
+        ### Command timeout
+        ###
+        for i in (".timeout", ".timeout ksdjfh", ".timeout 6576 78987"):
+            reset()
+            cmd(i)
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isnotempty(fh[2])
+        for i in (".timeout 1000", ".timeout 0", ".timeout -33"):
+            reset()
+            cmd(i)
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isempty(fh[2])
+
+        # timer is tested earlier
+
+        ###
+        ### Command width
+        ###
+        # does it work?
+        reset()
+        cmd(".width 10 10 10 0")
+        s.cmdloop()
+        isempty(fh[1])
+        isempty(fh[2])
+
+        def getw():
+            reset()
+            cmd(".show width")
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            return [int(x) for x in get(fh[2]).split()[1:]]
+
+        self.assertEqual([10, 10, 10, 0], getw())
+        # some errors
+        for i in ".width", ".width foo", ".width 1 2 3 seven 3":
+            reset()
+            cmd(i)
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isnotempty(fh[2])
+            self.assertEqual([10, 10, 10, 0], getw())
+        for i, r in ("9 0 9", [9, 0, 9]), ("10 -3 10 -3", [10, -3, 10, -3]), ("0", [0]):
+            reset()
+            cmd(".width " + i)
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[1])
+            isempty(fh[2])
+            self.assertEqual(r, getw())
+
+        ###
+        ### Unicode output with all output modes
+        ###
+        colname = u"\N{BLACK STAR}8\N{WHITE STAR}"
+        val = u'xxx\u1234\uabcdyyy this\" is nasty\u0001stuff!'
+        noheadermodes = ('insert', )
+        # possible ways val can be represented (eg csv doubles up double quotes)
+        outputs = (val, val.replace('"', '""'), val.replace('"', '&quot;'), val.replace('"', '\\"'))
+        for mode in [x[len("output_"):] for x in dir(shellclass) if x.startswith("output_")]:
+            reset()
+            cmd(".separator |\n.width 999\n.encoding utf8\n.header on\n.mode %s\nselect '%s' as '%s';" %
+                (mode, val, colname))
+            s.cmdloop()
+            isempty(fh[2])
+            # modes too complicated to construct the correct string
+            if mode in ('python', 'tcl'):
+                continue
+            # all others
+            if mode not in noheadermodes:
+                self.assertTrue(colname in get(fh[1]))
+            cnt = 0
+            for o in outputs:
+                cnt += o in get(fh[1])
+            self.assertTrue(cnt)
+
+        # clean up files
+        for f in fh:
+            f.close()
+
+    # This one uses the coverage module
+    def _testShellWithCoverage(self):
+        "Check Shell functionality (with coverage)"
+        # We currently allow coverage module to not exist which helps
+        # with debugging
+        try:
+            import coverage
+        except ImportError:
+            coverage = None
+
+        import importlib.util
+        # I had problems with the compiled bytecode being around
+        for suff in "c", "o":
+            try:
+                os.remove("apsw/shell.py" + suff)
+            except:
+                pass
+
+        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("shell_coverage", "apsw/shell.py")
+        module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+        sys.modules[module.__name__] = module
+        if coverage: coverage.start()
+        spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+        try:
+            self._originaltestShell(shellclass=module.Shell)
+        finally:
+            if coverage:
+                coverage.stop()
+                coverage.annotate(morfs=[module])
+                os.rename("apsw/shell.py,cover", "shell.py.gcov")
+
+    # Note that faults fire only once, so there is no need to reset
+    # them.  The testing for objects bigger than 2GB is done in
+    # testLargeObjects
+    def testzzFaultInjection(self):
+        "Deliberately inject faults to exercise all code paths"
+        if not hasattr(apsw, "faultdict"):
+            return
+
+        # Verify we test all fault locations
+        code = []
+        for fn in glob.glob("*/*.c"):
+            with open(fn, encoding="utf8") as f:
+                code.append(f.read())
+        code = "\n".join(code)
+
+        with open(__file__, "rt", encoding="utf8") as f:
+            test_code = f.read()
+
+        seen = set()
+
+        for macro, faultname in re.findall(r"(APSW_FAULT_INJECT|GET_BUFFER|STRING_NEW)\s*[(]\s*(?P<fault_name>.*?)\s*,",
+                                           code):
+            if faultname == "faultName":
+                continue
+            if faultname not in test_code and not faultname.startswith("BackupDependent"):
+                raise Exception(f"Fault injected { faultname } not found in tests.py")
+            if faultname in seen:
+                raise Exception(f"Fault { faultname } seen multiple times")
+            seen.add(faultname)
+
+        def dummy(*args):
+            1 / 0
+
+        def dummy2(*args):
+            return 7
+
+        # The 1/0 in these tests is to cause a ZeroDivisionError so
+        # that an exception is always thrown.  If we catch that then
+        # it means earlier expected exceptions were not thrown.
+
+        ## UnknownSQLiteErrorCode
+        apsw.faultdict["UnknownSQLiteErrorCode"] = True
+        try:
+            self.db.cursor().execute("select '")
+            1 / 0
+        except:
+            klass, value = sys.exc_info()[:2]
+            self.assertTrue(klass is apsw.Error)
+            self.assertTrue("254" in str(value))
+
+        ## ConnectionCloseFail
+        if "APSW_NO_MEMLEAK" not in os.environ:
+            apsw.faultdict["ConnectionCloseFail"] = True
+            try:
+                db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+                db.cursor().execute("select 3")
+                db.close(True)
+                1 / 0
+            except apsw.IOError:
+                pass
+
+        ## ConnectionCloseFail in destructor
+        if "APSW_NO_MEMLEAK" not in os.environ:
+            # test
+            apsw.faultdict["ConnectionCloseFail"] = True
+
+            def f():
+                db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+                db.cursor().execute("select 3")
+                del db
+                gc.collect()
+
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(apsw.ConnectionNotClosedError, f)
+
+        ## BlobAllocFails
+        apsw.faultdict["BlobAllocFails"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.cursor().execute("create table foo(ablob); insert into foo (ROWID, ablob) values (1,x'aabbccddeeff')")
+            blob = db.blobopen("main", "foo", "ablob", 1, False)
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## CursorAllocFails
+        apsw.faultdict["CursorAllocFails"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.cursor().execute("select 3")
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## DBConfigFails
+        apsw.faultdict["DBConfigFails"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.config(apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER, -1)
+            1 / 0
+        except apsw.NoMemError:
+            pass
+
+        ## RollbackHookExistingError
+        apsw.faultdict["RollbackHookExistingError"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.setrollbackhook(dummy)
+            db.cursor().execute("create table foo(a); begin ; insert into foo values(3); rollback")
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## CommitHookExceptionAlready
+        apsw.faultdict["CommitHookExistingError"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.setcommithook(dummy)
+            db.cursor().execute("begin; create table foo(a); insert into foo values(3); commit")
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## AuthorizerExistingError
+        apsw.faultdict["AuthorizerExistingError"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.setauthorizer(dummy)
+            db.cursor().execute("create table foo(a)")
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## SetAuthorizerFail
+        apsw.faultdict["SetAuthorizerFail"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.setauthorizer(dummy)
+            1 / 0
+        except:
+            pass
+
+        apsw.faultdict["SetAuthorizerFail"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.authorizer = None
+            1 / 0
+        except:
+            pass
+
+        ## CollationNeededNullFail
+        apsw.faultdict["CollationNeededNullFail"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.collationneeded(None)
+            1 / 0
+        except apsw.IOError:
+            klass, value = sys.exc_info()[:2]
+            self.assertTrue(klass is apsw.IOError)
+
+        ## CollationNeededFail
+        apsw.faultdict["CollationNeededFail"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.collationneeded(dummy)
+            1 / 0
+        except:
+            klass, value = sys.exc_info()[:2]
+            self.assertTrue(klass is apsw.IOError)
+
+        ##EnableLoadExtensionFail
+        apsw.faultdict["EnableLoadExtensionFail"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.enableloadextension(True)
+            1 / 0
+        except:
+            pass
+
+        ## SetBusyHandlerNullFail
+        apsw.faultdict["SetBusyHandlerNullFail"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.setbusyhandler(None)
+            1 / 0
+        except apsw.IOError:
+            pass
+
+        ## SetBusyHandlerFail
+        apsw.faultdict["SetBusyHandlerFail"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.setbusyhandler(dummy)
+            1 / 0
+        except apsw.IOError:
+            pass
+
+        ## UnknownValueType
+        apsw.faultdict["UnknownValueType"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.createscalarfunction("dummy", dummy)
+            db.cursor().execute("select dummy(4)")
+            1 / 0
+        except:
+            klass, value = sys.exc_info()[:2]
+            self.assertTrue(klass is apsw.Error)
+            self.assertTrue("123456" in str(value))
+
+        ## UnknownColumnType
+        apsw.faultdict["UnknownColumnType"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            for row in db.cursor().execute("select 3"):
+                pass
+            1 / 0
+        except:
+            klass, value = sys.exc_info()[:2]
+            self.assertTrue(klass is apsw.Error)
+            self.assertTrue("12348" in str(value))
+
+        ## SetContextResultUnicodeConversionFails
+        apsw.faultdict["SetContextResultUnicodeConversionFails"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.createscalarfunction("foo", lambda x: u"another unicode string")
+            for row in db.cursor().execute("select foo(3)"):
+                pass
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## SetContextResultAsReadBufferFail
+        apsw.faultdict["SetContextResultAsReadBufferFail"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.createscalarfunction("foo", lambda x: b"another string")
+            for row in db.cursor().execute("select foo(3)"):
+                pass
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## GFAPyTuple_NewFail
+        apsw.faultdict["GFAPyTuple_NewFail"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.createscalarfunction("foo", dummy)
+            for row in db.cursor().execute("select foo(3)"):
+                pass
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## Same again
+        apsw.faultdict["GFAPyTuple_NewFail"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+
+            def foo():
+                return None, dummy2, dummy2
+
+            db.createaggregatefunction("foo", foo)
+            for row in db.cursor().execute("create table bar(x);insert into bar values(3); select foo(x) from bar"):
+                pass
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## AutovacuumPagesFails
+        apsw.faultdict["AutovacuumPagesFails"] = True
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.NoMemError, self.db.autovacuum_pages, lambda x: x)
+
+        ## CBDispatchExistingError
+        apsw.faultdict["CBDispatchExistingError"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.createscalarfunction("foo", dummy)
+            db.cursor().execute("select foo(3)")
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## CBDispatchFinalError
+        apsw.faultdict["CBDispatchFinalError"] = True
+        try:
+
+            def f():
+                db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+
+                def foo():
+                    return None, dummy, dummy2
+
+                db.createaggregatefunction("foo", foo)
+                for row in db.cursor().execute("create table bar(x);insert into bar values(3); select foo(x) from bar"):
+                    pass
+                1 / 0
+
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(Exception, f)
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            pass
+
+        ## DeserializeMallocFail
+        apsw.faultdict["DeserializeMallocFail"] = True
+        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, self.db.deserialize, "main", b"aaaaaa")
+
+        ## Virtual table code
+        class Source:
+
+            def Create(self, *args):
+                return "create table foo(x,y)", Table()
+
+            Connect = Create
+
+        class Table:
+
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.data = [  #("rowid", "x", "y"),
+                    [0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5]
+                ]
+
+            def Open(self):
+                return Cursor(self)
+
+            def BestIndex(self, *args):
+                return None
+
+            def UpdateChangeRow(self, rowid, newrowid, fields):
+                for i, row in enumerate(self.data):
+                    if row[0] == rowid:
+                        self.data[i] = [newrowid] + list(fields)
+
+            def FindFunction(self, *args):
+                return lambda *args: 1
+
+        class Cursor:
+
+            def __init__(self, table):
+                self.table = table
+                self.row = 0
+
+            def Eof(self):
+                return self.row >= len(self.table.data)
+
+            def Rowid(self):
+                return self.table.data[self.row][0]
+
+            def Column(self, col):
+                return self.table.data[self.row][1 + col]
+
+            def Filter(self, *args):
+                self.row = 0
+
+            def Next(self):
+                self.row += 1
+
+                def Close(self):
+                    pass
+
+        ## VtabCreateBadString
+        apsw.faultdict["VtabCreateBadString"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.createmodule("nonsense", None)
+            db.cursor().execute("create virtual table foo using nonsense(3,4)")
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## VtabUpdateChangeRowFail
+        apsw.faultdict["VtabUpdateChangeRowFail"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.createmodule("foo", Source())
+            db.cursor().execute("create virtual table foo using foo();update foo set x=3 where y=2")
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## VtabUpdateBadField
+        apsw.faultdict["VtabUpdateBadField"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.createmodule("foo", Source())
+            db.cursor().execute("create virtual table foo using foo();update foo set x=3 where y=2")
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## VtabRenameBadName
+        apsw.faultdict["VtabRenameBadName"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.createmodule("foo", Source())
+            db.cursor().execute("create virtual table foo using foo(); alter table foo rename to bar")
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## VtabRenameBadName
+        apsw.faultdict["CreateModuleFail"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.createmodule("foo", Source())
+            1 / 0
+        except apsw.IOError:
+            pass
+
+        ## FindFunctionAllocFailed
+        apsw.faultdict["FindFunctionAllocFailed"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.overloadfunction("xyz", 2)
+            db.createmodule("foo", Source())
+            db.cursor().execute("create virtual table foo using foo()")
+            db.cursor().execute("select xyz(x,y) from foo")
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## BlobDeallocException
+        def f():
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.cursor().execute("create table foo(b);insert into foo(rowid,b) values(2,x'aabbccddee')")
+            blob = db.blobopen("main", "foo", "b", 2, False)  # open read-only
+            # deliberately cause problem
+            try:
+                blob.write(b'a')
+            except apsw.ReadOnlyError:
+                pass
+            # garbage collect
+            del blob
+            gc.collect()
+
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(apsw.ReadOnlyError, f)
+
+        ## GetDescriptionFail
+        apsw.faultdict["GetDescriptionFail"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            c = db.cursor()
+            c.execute("create table foo(b);insert into foo(rowid,b) values(2,x'aabbccddee');select * from foo")
+            c.getdescription()
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## DoBindingUnicodeConversionFails
+        apsw.faultdict["DoBindingUnicodeConversionFails"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.cursor().execute("select ?", (u"abc", ))
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## DoBindingAsReadBufferFails
+        apsw.faultdict["DoBindingAsReadBufferFails"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.cursor().execute("select ?", (b"abcd", ))
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## DoExecTraceBadSlice
+        apsw.faultdict["DoExecTraceBadSlice"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            c = db.cursor()
+            c.setexectrace(dummy)
+            c.execute("select ?; select ?; select ?", (1, 2, 3))
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## EnableSharedCacheFail
+        apsw.faultdict["EnableSharedCacheFail"] = True
+        try:
+            apsw.enablesharedcache(True)
+            1 / 0
+        except apsw.NoMemError:
+            pass
+
+        ## InitializeFail
+        apsw.faultdict["InitializeFail"] = True
+        try:
+            apsw.initialize()
+            1 / 0
+        except apsw.NoMemError:
+            pass
+
+        ## ShutdownFail
+        apsw.faultdict["ShutdownFail"] = True
+        try:
+            apsw.shutdown()
+            1 / 0
+        except apsw.NoMemError:
+            pass
+
+        ### statement cache stuff
+        for key in ("SCStatsBuildFail", "SCStatsListFail", "SCStatsEntryBuildFail", "SCStatsAppendFail", "SCStatsEntriesSetFail"):
+            # this ensures stuff is in statement cache
+            self.db.execute("Select ?", (key,)).fetchall()
+            apsw.faultdict[key] = True
+            self.assertRaises(MemoryError, self.db.cache_stats, True)
+
+        ### vfs routines
+
+        class FaultVFS(apsw.VFS):
+
+            def __init__(self, name="faultvfs", inherit="", makedefault=False):
+                super(FaultVFS, self).__init__(name, inherit, makedefault=makedefault)
+
+            def xGetLastErrorLong(self):
+                return "a" * 1024, None
+
+            def xOpen(self, name, flags):
+                return FaultVFSFile(name, flags)
+
+        class FaultVFSFile(apsw.VFSFile):
+
+            def __init__(self, name, flags):
+                super(FaultVFSFile, self).__init__("", name, flags)
+
+        vfs = FaultVFS()
+
+        ## xFullPathnameConversion
+        apsw.faultdict["xFullPathnameConversion"] = True
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError,
+                          self.assertRaisesUnraisable,
+                          MemoryError,
+                          apsw.Connection,
+                          TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb",
+                          vfs="faultvfs")
+
+        ## xDlError
+        db = apsw.Connection(":memory:", vfs="faultvfs")
+        if hasattr(db, 'enableloadextension'):
+            db.enableloadextension(True)
+            ## xDlErrorAllocFail
+            apsw.faultdict["xDlErrorAllocFail"] = True
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, MemoryError, db.loadextension,
+                              "non-existent-file-name")
+            ## xDlErrorUnicodeFail
+            apsw.faultdict["xDlErrorUnicodeFail"] = True
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, MemoryError, db.loadextension,
+                              "non-existent-file-name")
+        del db
+        gc.collect()
+        ## xRandomnessAllocFail
+        # we need to be default vfs
+        vfs2 = FaultVFS("faultvfs2", apsw.vfsnames()[0], makedefault=True)
+        apsw.randomness(0)
+        apsw.faultdict["xRandomnessAllocFail"] = True
+        # doesn't matter which vfs opens the file
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(MemoryError,
+                                    apsw.Connection(":memory:").cursor().execute, "select randomblob(10)")
+        del vfs2
+        gc.collect()
+
+        ## xCurrentTimeFail
+        apsw.faultdict["xCurrentTimeFail"] = True
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(apsw.SQLError,
+                                    apsw.Connection(":memory:", vfs="faultvfs").cursor().execute, "select date('now')")
+
+        ## APSWVFSDeallocFail
+        apsw.faultdict["APSWVFSDeallocFail"] = True
+
+        def foo():
+            vfs2 = FaultVFS("faultvfs2", "faultvfs")
+            del vfs2
+            gc.collect()
+
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(apsw.IOError, foo)
+
+        ## APSWVFSBadVersion
+        apsw.faultdict["APSWVFSBadVersion"] = True
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, apsw.VFS, "foo", "")
+        self.assertTrue("foo" not in apsw.vfsnames())
+
+        ## APSWVFSRegistrationFails
+        apsw.faultdict["APSWVFSRegistrationFails"] = True
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.NoMemError, apsw.VFS, "foo", "")
+        self.assertTrue("foo" not in apsw.vfsnames())
+
+        ## xReadReadBufferFail
+        try:
+            # This will fail if we are using auto-WAL so we don't run
+            # the rest of the test in WAL mode.
+            apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", vfs="faultvfs").cursor().execute("create table dummy1(x,y)")
+            openok = True
+        except apsw.CantOpenError:
+            if len(apsw.connection_hooks) == 0:
+                raise
+            openok = False
+
+        # The following tests cause failures when making the
+        # connection because a connection hook turns on wal mode which
+        # causes database reads which then cause failures
+        if openok:
+            apsw.faultdict["xReadReadBufferFail"] = True
+
+            def foo():
+                apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", vfs="faultvfs").cursor().execute("select * from dummy1")
+
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, foo)
+
+            ## xUnlockFails
+            apsw.faultdict["xUnlockFails"] = True
+            # Used to wrap in self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, ...) but SQLite no longer passes on the error.
+            # See https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3946
+            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(apsw.IOError,
+                                        apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", vfs="faultvfs").cursor().execute,
+                                        "select * from dummy1")
+
+            ## xSyncFails
+            apsw.faultdict["xSyncFails"] = True
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, apsw.IOError,
+                              apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", vfs="faultvfs").cursor().execute,
+                              "insert into dummy1 values(3,4)")
+
+            ## xFileSizeFails
+            apsw.faultdict["xFileSizeFails"] = True
+            self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, apsw.IOError,
+                              apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", vfs="faultvfs").cursor().execute,
+                              "select * from dummy1")
+
+        ## xCheckReservedLockFails
+        apsw.faultdict["xCheckReservedLockFails"] = True
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, apsw.IOError, vfstestdb, vfsname="faultvfs")
+
+        ## xCheckReservedLockIsTrue
+        apsw.faultdict["xCheckReservedLockIsTrue"] = True
+        vfstestdb(vfsname="faultvfs")
+
+        ## xCloseFails
+        t = apsw.VFSFile("", os.path.abspath(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testfile"),
+                         [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE, 0])
+        apsw.faultdict["xCloseFails"] = True
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, t.xClose)
+        del t
+
+        # now catch it in the destructor
+        def foo():
+            t = apsw.VFSFile("", os.path.abspath(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testfile"),
+                             [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE, 0])
+            apsw.faultdict["xCloseFails"] = True
+            del t
+            gc.collect()
+
+        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(apsw.IOError, foo)
+
+        ## vfsnamesfails
+        apsw.faultdict["vfsnamesfails"] = True
+        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, apsw.vfsnames)
+        apsw.faultdict["vfsnamesallocfail"] = True
+        try:
+            apsw.vfsnames()
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+        apsw.faultdict["vfsnamesappendfails"] = True
+        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, apsw.vfsnames)
+
+        ## StatementCacheAllocFails
+        apsw.faultdict["StatementCacheAllocFails"] = True
+        try:
+            apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## OverloadFails
+        apsw.faultdict["OverloadFails"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.overloadfunction("foo", 1)
+            1 / 0
+        except apsw.NoMemError:
+            pass
+
+        ## ConnectionEnterExecFailed
+        apsw.faultdict["ConnectionEnterExecFailed"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.__enter__()
+            1 / 0
+        except apsw.NoMemError:
+            pass
+
+        ## BackupInitFails
+        apsw.faultdict["BackupInitFails"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.backup("main", apsw.Connection(":memory:"), "main")
+            1 / 0
+        except apsw.NoMemError:
+            pass
+
+        ## BackupNewFails
+        apsw.faultdict["BackupNewFails"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            db.backup("main", apsw.Connection(":memory:"), "main")
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## BackupTupleFails
+        apsw.faultdict["BackupTupleFails"] = True
+        try:
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            # add dependent
+            cur = db.cursor()
+            cur.execute("select 3; select 4")
+            db.backup("main", apsw.Connection(":memory:"), "main")
+            1 / 0
+        except MemoryError:
+            pass
+
+        ## BackupDependent
+        for i in range(1, 5):
+            apsw.faultdict["BackupDependent" + str(i)] = True
+            try:
+                db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+                self.assertMayRaiseUnraisable(ValueError, db.backup, "main", apsw.Connection(":memory:"), "main")
+                1 / 0
+            except MemoryError:
+                pass
+
+        ### statement cache
+        db = apsw.Connection("", statementcachesize=1000000)
+        apsw.faultdict["SCAllocFails"] = True
+        # we have to overflow the recycle bin
+        inuse = []
+        for n in range(4096):
+            try:
+                inuse.append(db.cursor().execute("select ?", (3, )))
+            except apsw.NoMemError:
+                break
+        else:
+            self.fail("Expected memoryerror")
+        del inuse
+        apsw.faultdict["SCClearBindingsFails"] = True
+        self.assertRaises(apsw.NoMemError, db.cursor().execute, "select ?", (4, ))
+
+        ### blobs
+        self.db.cursor().execute("create table blobs(x); insert into blobs values (zeroblob(33))")
+        rowid = self.db.last_insert_rowid()
+        apsw.faultdict["BlobReadIntoPyError"] = True
+        blob = self.db.blobopen("main", "blobs", "x", rowid, writeable=True)
+        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, blob.readinto, bytearray(33))
+        apsw.faultdict["BlobWritePyError"] = True
+        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, blob.write, b"123")
+
+        ### apsw.format_sql_value
+        apsw.faultdict["formatsqlHexStrFail"] = True
+        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, apsw.format_sql_value, b"aabbcc")
+        apsw.faultdict["formatsqlHexBufFail"] = True
+        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, apsw.format_sql_value, b"aabbcc")
+        apsw.faultdict["formatsqlStrFail"] = True
+        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, apsw.format_sql_value, "aabbcc")
+
+        ## WalAutocheckpointFails
+        apsw.faultdict["WalAutocheckpointFails"] = True
+        try:
+            apsw.Connection(":memory:").wal_autocheckpoint(77)
+            1 / 0
+        except apsw.IOError:
+            pass
+
+        ## WalCheckpointFails
+        apsw.faultdict["WalCheckpointFails"] = True
+        try:
+            apsw.Connection(":memory:").wal_checkpoint()
+            1 / 0
+        except apsw.IOError:
+            pass
+
+        ## SCPHConfigFails
+        apsw.faultdict["SCPHConfigFails"] = True
+        try:
+            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ)
+            1 / 0
+        except apsw.FullError:
+            pass
+
+        # Connection.db_names
+        apsw.faultdict["dbnamesnolist"] = True
+        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, self.db.db_names)
+        apsw.faultdict["dbnamestrfail"] = True
+        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, self.db.db_names)
+        apsw.faultdict["dbnamesappendfail"] = True
+        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, self.db.db_names)
+
+
+    def testExtDataClassRowFactory(self) -> None:
+        "apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory"
+        import apsw.ext
+        dcrf = apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory()
+        self.db.setrowtrace(dcrf)
+        # sanity check
+        for row in self.db.execute("select 3 as three, 'four' as four"):
+            self.assertEqual(row.three, 3)
+            self.assertEqual(row.four, 'four')
+            row.four = "five"  # not frozen
+        # rename check
+        for row in self.db.execute("select 3 as three, 'four' as [4]"):
+            self.assertEqual(row.three, 3)
+            self.assertEqual(row._1, 'four')
+        # no rename, kwargs
+        dcrf2 = apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory(rename=False, dataclass_kwargs={"frozen": True})
+        self.db.setrowtrace(dcrf2)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.execute("select 4 as [4]").fetchall)
+        for row in self.db.execute("select 3 as three"):
+            try:
+                import dataclasses
+                row.three = 4
+            except dataclasses.FrozenInstanceError:
+                pass
+        db = apsw.Connection("")
+        db.setrowtrace(dcrf)
+        for row in db.execute(
+                "create table foo([x y] some random typename here); insert into foo values(3); select * from foo"):
+            self.assertEqual(row.__description__, (('x y', 'some random typename here'), ))
+        # type annotations
+        self.db.setrowtrace(dcrf)
+        self.db.execute(
+            "create table foo(one [], two [an integer], three VARCHAR(17), four cblob, five doUBl, six [none of those]); insert into foo values(1,2,3,4,5,6)"
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(dcrf.get_type("an integer"), int)
+        for row in self.db.execute("select * from foo"):
+            a = row.__annotations__
+            self.assertEqual(a["one"], typing.Any)
+            self.assertEqual(a["two"], int)
+            self.assertEqual(a["three"], str)
+            self.assertEqual(a["four"], bytes)
+            self.assertEqual(a["five"], float)
+            self.assertEqual(a["six"], typing.Union[float, int])
+
+    def testExtTypesConverter(self) -> None:
+        "apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory"
+        import apsw.ext
+
+        tccf = apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory()
+
+        class Point(apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter):
+
+            def to_sqlite_value(self):
+                return 3
+
+        tccf.register_adapter(complex, lambda c: f"{ c.real };{ c.imag }")
+        tccf.register_converter("COMPLEX", lambda v: complex(*(float(part) for part in v.split(";"))))
+        self.db.cursor_factory = tccf
+        self.db.execute("create table foo(a POINT, b COMPLEX)")
+        self.db.execute("insert into foo values(?,?);", (Point(), 3 + 4j))
+        self.db.execute(" insert into foo values(:one, :two)", {"one": Point(), "two": 3 + 4j})
+
+        def datas():
+            for _ in range(10):
+                yield (Point(), 3 + 4j)
+
+        self.db.executemany("insert into foo values(?,?)", datas())
+        for row in self.db.execute("select * from foo"):
+            self.assertEqual(row[0], 3)
+            self.assertEqual(row[1], 3 + 4j)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, tccf.adapt_value, {})
+        self.assertEqual(tccf.convert_value("zebra", "zebra"), "zebra")
+
+        def builtin_types():
+            yield (None, )
+            yield (3, )
+            yield (b"aabbccddee", )
+            yield ("hello world", )
+            yield (3.1415, )
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.db.executemany("select ?", builtin_types()).fetchall(), list(builtin_types()))
+
+        class NotImplemented(apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter):
+            pass
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, NotImplemented)
+
+    def testExtQueryInfo(self) -> None:
+        "apsw.ext.query_info"
+        import apsw.ext
+
+        qd = apsw.ext.query_info(self.db, "select 3; a syntax error")
+        self.assertEqual(qd.query, "select 3; a syntax error")
+        self.assertEqual(qd.bindings, None)
+        self.assertEqual(qd.first_query, "select 3; ")
+        self.assertEqual(qd.query_remaining, "a syntax error")
+        self.assertEqual(qd.is_explain, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(qd.is_readonly, True)
+        self.assertEqual(qd.description, (('3', None), ))
+
+        self.assertEqual(1, apsw.ext.query_info(self.db, "explain select 3").is_explain)
+        self.assertEqual(2, apsw.ext.query_info(self.db, "explain query plan select 3").is_explain)
+
+        self.db.execute(
+            "create table one(x up); create table two(x down); insert into one values(3); insert into two values(3)")
+        self.assertFalse(apsw.ext.query_info(self.db, "insert into two values(7)").is_readonly)
+
+        # actions
+        query = "select * from one join two"
+        self.assertIsNone(apsw.ext.query_info(self.db, query).actions)
+        qd = apsw.ext.query_info(self.db, query, actions=True)
+        self.assertTrue(
+            any(a.action_name == "SQLITE_READ" and a.table_name == "one" for a in qd.actions)
+            and any(a.action_name == "SQLITE_READ" and a.table_name == "two" for a in qd.actions))
+
+        # expanded_sql
+        self.assertEqual("select 3, 'three'",
+                         apsw.ext.query_info(self.db, "select ?, ?", (3, "three"), expanded_sql=True).expanded_sql)
+
+        # explain / explain query_plan
+        # from https://sqlite.org/lang_with.html
+        query = """
+WITH RECURSIVE
+  xaxis(x) AS (VALUES(-2.0) UNION ALL SELECT x+0.05 FROM xaxis WHERE x<1.2),
+  yaxis(y) AS (VALUES(-1.0) UNION ALL SELECT y+0.1 FROM yaxis WHERE y<1.0),
+  m(iter, cx, cy, x, y) AS (
+    SELECT 0, x, y, 0.0, 0.0 FROM xaxis, yaxis
+    UNION ALL
+    SELECT iter+1, cx, cy, x*x-y*y + cx, 2.0*x*y + cy FROM m
+     WHERE (x*x + y*y) < 4.0 AND iter<28
+  ),
+  m2(iter, cx, cy) AS (
+    SELECT max(iter), cx, cy FROM m GROUP BY cx, cy
+  ),
+  a(t) AS (
+    SELECT group_concat( substr(' .+*#', 1+min(iter/7,4), 1), '')
+    FROM m2 GROUP BY cy
+  )
+SELECT group_concat(rtrim(t),x'0a') FROM a;
+        """
+        self.assertIsNone(apsw.ext.query_info(self.db, query).explain)
+        qd = apsw.ext.query_info(self.db, query, explain=True)
+        self.assertTrue(all(isinstance(e, apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction) for e in qd.explain))
+        # at time of writing it was 233 steps, so use ~10% of that
+        self.assertGreater(len(qd.explain), 25)
+        self.assertIsNone(apsw.ext.query_info(self.db, query).query_plan)
+        qd = apsw.ext.query_info(self.db, query, explain_query_plan=True)
+
+        def check_instance(node: apsw.ext.QueryPlan):
+            return isinstance(node, apsw.ext.QueryPlan) and all(check_instance(s) for s in (node.sub or []))
+
+        self.assertTrue(check_instance(qd.query_plan))
+
+        def count(node: apsw.ext.QueryPlan):
+            return 1 + sum(count(s) for s in (node.sub or []))
+
+        # at time of writing it was 24 nodes
+        self.assertGreater(count(qd.query_plan), 10)
+
+    # This test is run last by deliberate name choice.  If it did
+    # uncover any bugs there isn't much that can be done to turn the
+    # checker off.
+    def testzzForkChecker(self):
+        "Test detection of using objects across fork"
+        # need to free up everything that already exists
+        self.db.close()
+        self.db = None
+        gc.collect()
+        # install it
+        apsw.fork_checker()
+
+        # return some objects
+        def getstuff():
+            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            cur = db.cursor()
+            for row in cur.execute(
+                    "create table foo(x);insert into foo values(1);insert into foo values(x'aabbcc'); select last_insert_rowid()"
+            ):
+                blobid = row[0]
+            blob = db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", blobid, 0)
+            db2 = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+            if hasattr(db2, "backup"):
+                backup = db2.backup("main", db, "main")
+            else:
+                backup = None
+            return (db, cur, blob, backup)
+
+        # test the objects
+        def teststuff(db, cur, blob, backup):
+            if db:
+                db.cursor().execute("select 3")
+            if cur:
+                cur.execute("select 3")
+            if blob:
+                blob.read(1)
+            if backup:
+                backup.step()
+
+        # Sanity check
+        teststuff(*getstuff())
+        # get some to use in parent
+        parent = getstuff()
+        # to be used (and fail with error) in child
+        child = getstuff()
+
+        def childtest(*args):
+            # we can't use unittest methods here since we are in a different process
+            val = args[0]
+            args = args[1:]
+            # this should work
+            teststuff(*getstuff())
+
+            # ignore the unraiseable stuff sent to sys.excepthook
+            def eh(*args):
+                pass
+
+            sys.excepthook = eh
+            # call with each separate item to check
+            try:
+                for i in range(len(args)):
+                    a = [None] * len(args)
+                    a[i] = args[i]
+                    try:
+                        teststuff(*a)
+                    except apsw.ForkingViolationError:
+                        pass
+            except apsw.ForkingViolationError:
+                # we get one final exception "between" line due to the
+                # nature of how the exception is raised
+                pass
+            # this should work again
+            teststuff(*getstuff())
+            val.value = 1
+
+        import multiprocessing
+        val = multiprocessing.Value("i", 0)
+        p = multiprocessing.Process(target=childtest, args=[val] + list(child))
+        p.start()
+        p.join()
+        self.assertEqual(1, val.value)  # did child complete ok?
+        teststuff(*parent)
+
+        # we call shutdown to free mutexes used in fork checker,
+        # so clear out all the things first
+        del child
+        del parent
+        gc.collect()
+        apsw.shutdown()
+
+
+testtimeout = False  # timeout testing adds several seconds to each run
+
+
+def vfstestdb(filename=TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb2", vfsname="apswtest", closedb=True, mode=None, attachdb=None):
+    "This method causes all parts of a vfs to be executed"
+    gc.collect()  # free any existing db handles
+    for suf in "", "-journal", "x", "x-journal":
+        deletefile(filename + suf)
+
+    db = apsw.Connection("file:" + filename + "?psow=0", vfs=vfsname, flags=openflags)
+    if mode:
+        db.cursor().execute("pragma journal_mode=" + mode)
+    db.cursor().execute(
+        "create table foo(x,y); insert into foo values(1,2); insert into foo values(date('now'), date('now'))")
+    if testtimeout:
+        # busy
+        db2 = apsw.Connection(filename, vfs=vfsname)
+        if mode:
+            db2.cursor().execute("pragma journal_mode=" + mode)
+        db.setbusytimeout(1100)
+        db2.cursor().execute("begin exclusive")
+        try:
+            db.cursor().execute("begin immediate")
+            1 / 0  # should not be reached
+        except apsw.BusyError:
+            pass
+        db2.cursor().execute("end")
+
+    # cause truncate to be called
+    # see sqlite test/pager3.test where this (public domain) code is taken from
+    # I had to add the pragma journal_mode to get it to work
+    c = db.cursor()
+    for row in c.execute("pragma journal_mode=truncate"):
+        pass
+
+    c.execute("""
+                 create table t1(a unique, b);
+                 insert into t1 values(1, 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz');
+                 insert into t1 values(2, 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz');
+                 update t1 set b=b||a||b;
+                 update t1 set b=b||a||b;
+                 update t1 set b=b||a||b;
+                 update t1 set b=b||a||b;
+                 update t1 set b=b||a||b;
+                 update t1 set b=b||a||b;
+                 create temp table t2 as select * from t1;
+                 begin;
+                 create table t3(x);""")
+    try:
+        c.execute("insert into t1 select 4-a, b from t2")
+    except apsw.ConstraintError:
+        pass
+    c.execute("rollback")
+
+    if attachdb:
+        c.execute("attach '%s' as second" % (attachdb, ))
+
+    if hasattr(APSW, "testLoadExtension"):
+        # can we use loadextension?
+        db.enableloadextension(True)
+        try:
+            db.loadextension("./" * 128 + LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME + "xxx")
+        except apsw.ExtensionLoadingError:
+            pass
+        db.loadextension(LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME)
+        assert (1 == next(db.cursor().execute("select half(2)"))[0])
+
+    # Get the routine xCheckReservedLock to be called.  We need a hot journal
+    # which this code adapted from SQLite's pager.test does
+    if not iswindows:
+        c.execute("create table abc(a,b,c)")
+        for i in range(20):
+            c.execute("insert into abc values(1,2,?)", (randomstring(200), ))
+        c.execute("begin; update abc set c=?", (randomstring(200), ))
+
+        write_whole_file(filename + "x", "wb", read_whole_file(filename, "rb"))
+        write_whole_file(filename + "x-journal", "wb", read_whole_file(filename + "-journal", "rb"))
+
+        f = open(filename + "x-journal", "ab")
+        f.seek(-1032, 2)  # 1032 bytes before end of file
+        f.write(b"\x00\x00\x00\x00")
+        f.close()
+
+        hotdb = apsw.Connection(filename + "x", vfs=vfsname)
+        if mode:
+            hotdb.cursor().execute("pragma journal_mode=" + mode)
+        hotdb.cursor().execute("select sql from sqlite_master")
+        hotdb.close()
+
+    if closedb:
+        db.close()
+    else:
+        return db
+
+
+if not iswindows:
+    # note that a directory must be specified otherwise $LD_LIBRARY_PATH is used
+    LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME = "./testextension.sqlext"
+else:
+    LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME = "testextension.sqlext"
+
+MEMLEAKITERATIONS = 1000
+PROFILESTEPS = 250000
+
+
+def setup():
+    """Call this if importing this test suite as it will ensure tests
+    we can't run are removed etc.  It will also print version
+    information."""
+
+    print_version_info()
+    try:
+        apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS, True)  # ensure memory tracking is on
+    except apsw.MisuseError:
+        # if using amalgamation then something went wrong
+        if apsw.using_amalgamation:
+            raise
+        # coverage uses sqlite and so the config call is too
+        # late
+        pass
+    apsw.initialize()  # manual call for coverage
+    memdb = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+    if not getattr(memdb, "enableloadextension", None):
+        del APSW.testLoadExtension
+
+    # py 3.6 can't load apsw.ext
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 7):
+        for name in list(dir(APSW)):
+            if name.startswith("testExt"):
+                delattr(APSW, name)
+
+    forkcheck = False
+    if hasattr(apsw, "fork_checker") and hasattr(os, "fork") and platform.python_implementation() != "PyPy":
+        try:
+            import multiprocessing
+            if hasattr(multiprocessing, "get_start_method"):
+                if multiprocessing.get_start_method() != "fork":
+                    raise ImportError
+            # sometimes the import works but doing anything fails
+            val = multiprocessing.Value("i", 0)
+            forkcheck = True
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+
+    # we also remove forkchecker if doing multiple iterations
+    if not forkcheck or "APSW_TEST_ITERATIONS" in os.environ:
+        del APSW.testzzForkChecker
+
+    if not is64bit or "APSW_TEST_LARGE" not in os.environ:
+        del APSW.testLargeObjects
+
+    # We can do extension loading but no extension present ...
+    if getattr(memdb, "enableloadextension", None) and not os.path.exists(LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME):
+        print("Not doing LoadExtension test.  You need to compile the extension first\n")
+        print("  python3 setup.py build_test_extension")
+        del APSW.testLoadExtension
+
+    # coverage testing of the shell
+    if "APSW_PY_COVERAGE" in os.environ:
+        APSW._originaltestShell = APSW.testShell
+        APSW.testShell = APSW._testShellWithCoverage
+
+    # python version compatibility
+    if not hasattr(APSW, "assertRaisesRegex"):
+        APSW.assertRaisesRegex = APSW.assertRaisesRegexCompat
+
+    del memdb
+
+
+test_types_vals = (
+    "a simple string",  # "ascii" string
+    "0123456789" * 200000,  # a longer string
+    u"a \u1234 unicode \ufe54 string \u0089",  # simple unicode string
+    u"\N{BLACK STAR} \N{WHITE STAR} \N{LIGHTNING} \N{COMET} ",  # funky unicode or an episode of b5
+    u"\N{MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF}",  # http://www.cmlenz.net/archives/2008/07/the-truth-about-unicode-in-python
+    97,  # integer
+    2147483647,  # numbers on 31 bit boundary (32nd bit used for integer sign), and then
+    -2147483647,  # start using 32nd bit (must be represented by 64bit to avoid losing
+    2147483648,  # detail)
+    -2147483648,
+    2147483999,
+    -2147483999,
+    992147483999,
+    -992147483999,
+    9223372036854775807,
+    -9223372036854775808,
+    b"a set of bytes",  # bag of bytes initialised from a string, but don't confuse it with a
+    b"".join([b"\\x%02x" % (x, ) for x in range(256)]),  # string
+    b"".join([b"\\x%02x" % (x, ) for x in range(256)]) * 20000,  # non-trivial size
+    None,  # our good friend NULL/None
+    1.1,  # floating point can't be compared exactly - assertAlmostEqual is used to check
+    10.2,  # see Appendix B in the Python Tutorial
+    1.3,
+    1.45897589347E97,
+    5.987987 / 8.7678678687676786,
+    math.pi,
+    True,  # derived from integer
+    False)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    setup()
+
+    def runtests():
+
+        def set_wal_mode(c):
+            # Note that WAL won't be on for memory databases.  This
+            # execution returns the active mode
+            c.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL").fetchall()
+
+        def fsync_off(c):
+            try:
+                c.execute("PRAGMA synchronous=OFF ; PRAGMA fullfsync=OFF; PRAGMA checkpoint_fullfsync=OFF")
+            except apsw.BusyError:
+                pass
+
+        b4 = apsw.connection_hooks[:]
+        try:
+            if "APSW_TEST_WALMODE" in os.environ:
+                apsw.connection_hooks.append(set_wal_mode)
+                print("WAL mode testing")
+
+            if "APSW_TEST_FSYNC_OFF" in os.environ:
+                apsw.connection_hooks.append(fsync_off)
+
+            if os.getenv("PYTRACE"):
+                import trace
+                t = trace.Trace(count=0, trace=1, ignoredirs=[sys.prefix, sys.exec_prefix])
+                t.runfunc(unittest.main)
+            else:
+                unittest.main()
+        finally:
+            apsw.connection_hooks = b4
+
+    v = os.environ.get("APSW_TEST_ITERATIONS", None)
+    if v is None:
+        try:
+            runtests()
+        except SystemExit:
+            exitcode = sys.exc_info()[1].code
+    else:
+        # we run all the tests multiple times which has better coverage
+        # a larger value for MEMLEAKITERATIONS slows down everything else
+        MEMLEAKITERATIONS = 5
+        PROFILESTEPS = 1000
+        v = int(v)
+        for i in range(v):
+            print(f"Iteration { i + 1 }  of { v }")
+            try:
+                runtests()
+            except SystemExit:
+                exitcode = sys.exc_info()[1].code
+
+    # Free up everything possible
+    del APSW
+    del ThreadRunner
+    del randomintegers
+
+    # clean up sqlite and apsw
+    gc.collect()  # all cursors & connections must be gone
+    apsw.shutdown()
+    apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, None)
+    if hasattr(apsw, "_fini"):
+        apsw._fini()
+        gc.collect()
+    del apsw
+
+    exit = sys.exit
+
+    # modules
+    del unittest
+    del os
+    del math
+    del random
+    del time
+    del threading
+    del queue
+    del traceback
+    del re
+    gc.collect()
+
+    exit(exitcode)
\ No newline at end of file
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw/trace.py python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw/trace.py
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw/trace.py	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw/trace.py	2022-10-26 14:11:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# See the accompanying LICENSE file.
+#
+# This module lets you automatically trace SQL operations in a program
+# using APSW without having to modify the program in any way.
+
+import time
+import sys
+import weakref
+
+class APSWTracer(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, options):
+        self.u=""
+        import _thread
+        self.threadid=_thread.get_ident
+        self.stringtypes=(str,)
+        self.numtypes=(int, float)
+        self.binarytypes=(bytes,)
+        self.options=options
+        if options.output in ("-", "stdout"):
+            self._writer=sys.stdout.write
+        elif options.output=="stderr":
+            self._writer=sys.stderr.write
+        else:
+            self._writer=open(options.output, "wt").write
+
+        try:
+            import apsw
+            apsw.connection_hooks.append(self.connection_hook)
+        except:
+            sys.stderr.write(self.u+"Unable to import apsw\n")
+            raise
+
+        self.mapping_open_flags=apsw.mapping_open_flags
+        self.zeroblob=apsw.zeroblob
+        self.apswConnection=apsw.Connection
+
+        self.newcursor={}
+        self.threadsused={} # really want a set
+        self.queries={}
+        self.timings={}
+        self.rowsreturned=0
+        self.numcursors=0
+        self.numconnections=0
+        self.timestart=time.time()
+
+    def writerpy3(self, s):
+        self._writer(s+"\n")
+
+    writer=writerpy3
+
+    def format(self, obj):
+        if isinstance(obj, dict):
+            return self.formatdict(obj)
+        if isinstance(obj, tuple):
+            return self.formatseq(obj, '()')
+        if isinstance(obj, list):
+            return self.formatseq(obj, '[]')
+        if isinstance(obj, self.stringtypes):
+            return self.formatstring(obj)
+        if obj is True:
+            return "True"
+        if obj is False:
+            return "False"
+        if obj is None:
+            return "None"
+        if isinstance(obj, self.numtypes):
+            return repr(obj)
+        if isinstance(obj, self.binarytypes):
+            return self.formatbinary(obj)
+        if isinstance(obj, self.zeroblob):
+            return "zeroblob(%d)" % (obj.length(),)
+        return repr(obj)
+
+    def formatstring(self, obj, quote='"', checkmaxlen=True):
+        obj=obj.replace("\n", "\\n").replace("\r", "\\r")
+        if checkmaxlen and len(obj)>self.options.length:
+            obj=obj[:self.options.length]+'..'
+        return self.u+quote+obj+quote
+
+    def formatdict(self, obj):
+        items=list(obj.items())
+        items.sort()
+        op=[]
+        for k,v in items:
+            op.append(self.format(k)+": "+self.format(v))
+        return self.u+"{"+", ".join(op)+"}"
+
+    def formatseq(self, obj, paren):
+        return self.u+paren[0]+", ".join([self.format(v) for v in obj])+paren[1]
+
+    def formatbinary(self, obj):
+        if len(obj)<self.options.length:
+            return "X'"+"".join(["%x" % obj[i] for i in range(len(obj))])+"'"
+        return "(%d) X'"%(len(obj),)+"".join(["%x" % obj[i] for i in range(self.options.length)])+"..'"
+
+    def sanitizesql(self, sql):
+        sql=sql.strip("; \t\r\n")
+        while sql.startswith("--"):
+            sql=sql.split("\n", 1)[1]
+            sql=sql.lstrip("; \t\r\n")
+        return sql
+
+    def profiler(self, sql, nanoseconds):
+        sql=self.sanitizesql(sql)
+        if sql not in self.timings:
+            self.timings[sql]=[nanoseconds]
+        else:
+            self.timings[sql].append(nanoseconds)
+
+    def cursorfinished(self, cursor):
+        del self.newcursor[cursor]
+
+    def exectracer(self, cursor, sql, bindings):
+        tid=self.threadid()
+        if tid not in self.threadsused:
+            self.threadsused[tid]=True
+        if self.options.report:
+            fix=self.sanitizesql(sql)
+            if fix not in self.queries:
+                self.queries[fix]=1
+            else:
+                self.queries[fix]=self.queries[fix]+1
+        if not isinstance(cursor, self.apswConnection):
+            wr=weakref.ref(cursor, self.cursorfinished)
+            if wr not in self.newcursor:
+                self.newcursor[wr]=True
+                self.numcursors+=1
+                if self.options.sql:
+                    self.log(id(cursor), "CURSORFROM:", "%x" % (id(cursor.connection),),
+                             "DB:", self.formatstring(cursor.connection.filename, checkmaxlen=False))
+        if self.options.sql:
+            args=[id(cursor), "SQL:", self.formatstring(sql, '', False)]
+            if bindings:
+                args.extend(["BINDINGS:", self.format(bindings)])
+            self.log(*args)
+        return True
+
+    def rowtracer(self, cursor, row):
+        if self.options.report:
+            self.rowsreturned+=1
+        if self.options.rows:
+            self.log(id(cursor), "ROW:", self.format(row))
+        return row
+
+    def flagme(self, value, mapping, strip=""):
+        v=[(k,v) for k,v in mapping.items() if isinstance(k, int)]
+        v.sort()
+        op=[]
+        for k,v in v:
+            if value&k:
+                if v.startswith(strip):
+                    v=v[len(strip):]
+                op.append(v)
+        return self.u+"|".join(op)
+
+    def connection_hook(self, con):
+        self.numconnections+=1
+        if self.options.report:
+            con.setprofile(self.profiler)
+        if self.options.sql or self.options.report:
+            con.exectrace = self.exectracer
+        if self.options.rows or self.options.report:
+            con.rowtrace = self.rowtracer
+        if self.options.sql:
+            self.log(id(con), "OPEN:", self.formatstring(con.filename, checkmaxlen=False), con.open_vfs, self.flagme(con.open_flags, self.mapping_open_flags, "SQLITE_OPEN_"))
+
+    def log(self, lid, ltype, *args):
+        out=["%x" % (lid,)]
+        if self.options.timestamps:
+            out.append("%.03f" % (time.time()-self.timestart,))
+        if self.options.thread:
+            out.append("%x" % (self.threadid(),))
+        out.append(ltype)
+        out.extend(args)
+        self.writer(self.u+" ".join(out))
+
+    def run(self):
+        import sys
+        import __main__
+        d=__main__.__dict__
+        # We use compile so that filename is present in printed exceptions
+        code=compile(open(sys.argv[0], "rb").read(), sys.argv[0], "exec")
+        exec(code, d, d)
+
+    def mostpopular(self, howmany):
+        all=[(v,k) for k,v in self.queries.items()]
+        all.sort()
+        all.reverse()
+        return all[:howmany]
+
+    def longestrunningaggregate(self, howmany):
+        all=[(sum(v),len(v),k) for k,v in self.timings.items()]
+        all.sort()
+        all.reverse()
+        return all[:howmany]
+
+    def longestrunningindividual(self, howmany):
+        res=[]
+        for k,v in self.timings.items():
+            for t in v:
+                res.append( (t, k) )
+        res.sort()
+        res.reverse()
+        res=res[:howmany]
+        return res
+
+    def report(self):
+        import time
+        if not self.options.report:
+            return
+        w=lambda *args: self.writer(self.u+" ".join(args))
+        if "summary" in self.options.reports:
+            w("APSW TRACE SUMMARY REPORT")
+            w()
+            w("Program run time                   ", "%.03f seconds" % (time.time()-self.timestart,))
+            w("Total connections                  ", str(self.numconnections))
+            w("Total cursors                      ", str(self.numcursors))
+            w("Number of threads used for queries ", str(len(self.threadsused)))
+        total=0
+        for k,v in self.queries.items():
+            total+=v
+        fmtq=len("%d" % (total,))+1
+        if "summary" in self.options.reports:
+            w("Total queries                      ", str(total))
+            w("Number of distinct queries         ", str(len(self.queries)))
+            w("Number of rows returned            ", str(self.rowsreturned))
+            total=0
+            for k,v in self.timings.items():
+                for v2 in v:
+                    total+=v2
+            w("Time spent processing queries      ", "%.03f seconds" % (total/1000000000.0))
+
+        # show most popular queries
+        if "popular" in self.options.reports:
+            w()
+            w("MOST POPULAR QUERIES")
+            w()
+            for count, query in self.mostpopular(self.options.reportn):
+                w("% *d" % (fmtq, count,), self.formatstring(query, '', False))
+
+        # show longest running (aggregate)
+        if "aggregate" in self.options.reports:
+            w()
+            w("LONGEST RUNNING - AGGREGATE")
+            w()
+            fmtt=None
+            for total, count, query in self.longestrunningaggregate(self.options.reportn):
+                if fmtt is None:
+                    fmtt=len(fmtfloat(total/1000000000.0))+1
+                w("% *d %s" % (fmtq, count, fmtfloat(total/1000000000.0, total=fmtt)), self.formatstring(query, '', False))
+
+        # show longest running (individual)
+        if "individual" in self.options.reports:
+            w()
+            w("LONGEST RUNNING - INDIVIDUAL")
+            w()
+            fmtt=None
+            for t,query in self.longestrunningindividual(self.options.reportn):
+                if fmtt is None:
+                    fmtt=len(fmtfloat(total/1000000000.0))+1
+                w(fmtfloat(t/1000000000.0, total=fmtt), self.formatstring(query, '', False))
+
+def fmtfloat(n, decimals=3, total=None):
+    "Work around borken python float formatting"
+    s="%0.*f" % (decimals, n)
+    if total:
+        s=(" "*total+s)[-total:]
+    return s
+
+def main():
+    import optparse
+    import os
+    import sys
+
+    reports=("summary", "popular", "aggregate", "individual")
+
+    parser=optparse.OptionParser(usage="%prog [options] pythonscript.py [pythonscriptoptions]",
+                                 description="This script runs a Python program that uses APSW "
+                                 "and reports on SQL queries without modifying the program.  This is "
+                                 "done by using connection_hooks and registering row and execution "
+                                 "tracers.  See APSW documentation for more details on the output.")
+    parser.add_option("-o", "--output", dest="output", default="stdout",
+                      help="Where to send the output.  Use a filename, a single dash for stdout, or the words stdout and stderr. [%default]")
+    parser.add_option("-s", "--sql", dest="sql", default=False, action="store_true",
+                      help="Log SQL statements as they are executed. [%default]")
+    parser.add_option("-r", "--rows", dest="rows", default=False, action="store_true",
+                      help="Log returned rows as they are returned (turns on sql). [%default]")
+    parser.add_option("-t", "--timestamps", dest="timestamps", default=False, action="store_true",
+                      help="Include timestamps in logging")
+    parser.add_option("-i", "--thread", dest="thread", default=False, action="store_true",
+                      help="Include thread id in logging")
+    parser.add_option("-l", "--length", dest="length", default=30, type="int",
+                      help="Max amount of a string to print [%default]")
+    parser.add_option("--no-report", dest="report", default=True, action="store_false",
+                      help="A summary report is normally generated at program exit.  This turns off the report and saves memory.")
+    parser.add_option("--report-items", dest="reportn", metavar="N", default=15, type="int",
+                      help="How many items to report in top lists [%default]")
+    parser.add_option("--reports", dest="reports", default=",".join(reports),
+                      help="Which reports to show [%default]")
+
+    parser.disable_interspersed_args()
+    options, args=parser.parse_args()
+
+    options.reports=[x.strip() for x in options.reports.split(",") if x.strip()]
+    for r in options.reports:
+        if r not in reports:
+            parser.error(r+" is not a valid report.  You should supply one or more of "+", ".join(reports))
+
+    if options.rows:
+        options.sql=True
+
+    if not args:
+        parser.error("You must specify a python script to execute")
+
+    if not os.path.exists(args[0]):
+        parser.error("Unable to find script %r\n" % (args[0],))
+
+    sys.argv=args
+    sys.path[0]=os.path.split(os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0]))[0]
+
+    t=APSWTracer(options)
+
+    try:
+        t.run()
+    finally:
+        t.report()
+
+if __name__=="__main__":
+    main()
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw.egg-info/dependency_links.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw.egg-info/dependency_links.txt	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw.egg-info/dependency_links.txt	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw.egg-info/PKG-INFO python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw.egg-info/PKG-INFO
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw.egg-info/PKG-INFO	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw.egg-info/PKG-INFO	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: apsw
+Version: 3.40.0.0
+Summary: Another Python SQLite Wrapper
+Home-page: https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/
+Author: Roger Binns
+Author-email: rogerb@rogerbinns.com
+License: OSI Approved
+Keywords: database,sqlite
+Platform: any
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: C
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Topic :: Database :: Front-Ends
+License-File: LICENSE
+
+APSW stands for **A**\ nother **P**\ ython **S**\ QLite **W**\ rapper.   APSW
+supports CPython 3.6 onwards.
+
+About
+=====
+
+APSW is a Python wrapper for the `SQLite <https://sqlite.org/>`__
+embedded relational database engine.  It focuses translating between
+the complete `SQLite C API <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/intro.html>`__
+and `Python's C API <https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/index.html>`__, 
+letting you get the most out of SQLite from Python.
+
+It is recommended to use the builtin `sqlite3 module
+<https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html>`__ if you want SQLite
+to be interchangeable with the other database drivers.
+
+Use APSW when you want to use SQLite fully, and have an improved
+developer experience.  The `documentation
+<https://rogerbinns.github.io/apsw/pysqlite.html>`__ has a section on
+the differences between APSW and sqlite3.
+
+Help/Documentation
+==================
+
+The latest documentation is at https://rogerbinns.github.io/apsw/
+
+Mailing lists/contacts
+======================
+
+* `Python SQLite discussion group <http://groups.google.com/group/python-sqlite>`__
+  (preferred)
+* You can also email the author at `rogerb@rogerbinns.com
+  <mailto:rogerb@rogerbinns.com>`__
+
+Releases and Changes
+====================
+
+Releases are made to `PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/apsw/>`__
+(install using pip) and `Github
+<https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/releases>`__
+
+New release announcements are sent to the `Python SQLite discussion
+group <http://groups.google.com/group/python-sqlite>`__ and there is
+an `RSS feed from PyPI
+<https://pypi.org/rss/project/apsw/releases.xml>`__.
+
+`Full detailed list of changes <http://rogerbinns.github.io/apsw/changes.html>`__
+
+Bugs
+====
+
+You can find existing and fixed bugs by clicking on `Issues
+<https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues>`__ and using "New Issue"
+to report previously unknown issues.
+
+License
+=======
+
+See `LICENSE
+<https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/blob/master/LICENSE>`__ - in
+essence any OSI approved open source license.
+
+Older Python versions
+=====================
+
+A `release
+<https://www.rogerbinns.com/blog/apsw-ending-python2early3.html>`__
+from January 2022 supports all CPython versions back to 2.3.  The
+`tips <https://rogerbinns.github.io/apsw/tips.html>`__ include more
+information about versions.
+
+
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw.egg-info/SOURCES.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw.egg-info/SOURCES.txt	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw.egg-info/SOURCES.txt	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+LICENSE
+MANIFEST.in
+README.rst
+checksums
+setup.cfg
+setup.py
+apsw/__init__.pyi
+apsw/__main__.py
+apsw/ext.py
+apsw/py.typed
+apsw/shell.py
+apsw/speedtest.py
+apsw/tests.py
+apsw/trace.py
+apsw.egg-info/PKG-INFO
+apsw.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
+apsw.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
+apsw.egg-info/top_level.txt
+src/apsw.c
+src/apsw.docstrings
+src/apswversion.h
+src/argparse.c
+src/backup.c
+src/blob.c
+src/connection.c
+src/cursor.c
+src/exceptions.c
+src/pyutil.c
+src/statementcache.c
+src/testextension.c
+src/traceback.c
+src/types.py
+src/util.c
+src/vfs.c
+src/vtable.c
\ No newline at end of file
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw.egg-info/top_level.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw.egg-info/top_level.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/apsw.egg-info/top_level.txt	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/apsw.egg-info/top_level.txt	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+apsw
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/checksums python-apsw-3.40.0.0/checksums
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/checksums	2022-07-25 07:17:12.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/checksums	2022-11-25 06:07:44.000000000 +0000
@@ -24,3 +24,7 @@
 https://sqlite.org/2022/sqlite-autoconf-3390000.tar.gz 3064015 a839c65452f7ea66e9ba9efa52b47ba1cd84225c bbe56bf9d822d78c942a065bf041ffd5
 https://sqlite.org/2022/sqlite-autoconf-3390200.tar.gz 3064438 fe360190393296b956c5db2a448ae2b5692d0377 f00711818d0afc18f4b1b3b7207176f4
 https://sqlite.org/2022/sqlite-autoconf-3390100.tar.gz 3064607 251b8f9838ae6c44df1eb8bcc3600e14fa0597c5 cc9d19c9e3ae6dee02eb4f147e0dd500
+https://sqlite.org/2022/sqlite-autoconf-3390300.tar.gz 3064970 ded6323be5fb10fddd7c3053a80c6d38e1356256 b77730d5c2f8c85b223d1959d08b6514
+https://sqlite.org/2022/sqlite-autoconf-3390400.tar.gz 3065214 c4c5c39269d1b9bb1487cff580c1f583608229b2 44b7e6691b0954086f717a6c43b622a5
+
+https://sqlite.org/2022/sqlite-autoconf-3400000.tar.gz 3097756 2aa5df983dc2d7e6b096b49e579bcc1e7b80667e c833d61da768a116fa16d910f43cfd9a
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/debian/changelog python-apsw-3.40.0.0/debian/changelog
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/debian/changelog	2022-11-02 10:44:49.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/debian/changelog	2022-12-23 18:19:32.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
-python-apsw (3.39.2.0-1build1) lunar; urgency=medium
+python-apsw (3.40.0.0-2) unstable; urgency=medium
 
-  * No-change rebuild with Python 3.11 as supported
+  * Update Standards-Version to 4.6.2 with no changes
+  * Add build dependency on python3-setuptools (closes: #1026582)
 
- -- Graham Inggs <ginggs@ubuntu.com>  Wed, 02 Nov 2022 10:44:49 +0000
+ -- Joel Rosdahl <joel@debian.org>  Fri, 23 Dec 2022 19:19:32 +0100
+
+python-apsw (3.40.0.0-1) unstable; urgency=medium
+
+  * New upstream release 3.40.0.0
+
+ -- Joel Rosdahl <joel@debian.org>  Mon, 28 Nov 2022 21:47:25 +0100
 
 python-apsw (3.39.2.0-1) unstable; urgency=medium
 
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/debian/control python-apsw-3.40.0.0/debian/control
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/debian/control	2022-08-03 10:58:29.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/debian/control	2022-12-23 18:19:32.000000000 +0000
@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@
  debhelper-compat (= 12),
  dh-python,
  python3-all-dev,
+ python3-setuptools,
  libsqlite3-dev (>= 3.32.0)
-Standards-Version: 4.6.1
+Standards-Version: 4.6.2
 X-Python-Version: all
 
 Package: python3-apsw
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/apsw.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/apsw.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/apsw.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/apsw.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>APSW Module &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>APSW Module &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="extensions.html" title="Extensions"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">APSW Module</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,116 +56,161 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <span class="target" id="module-apsw"></span><section id="apsw-module">
-<h1>APSW Module<a class="headerlink" href="#apsw-module" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<h1>APSW Module<a class="headerlink" href="#apsw-module" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p>The module is the main interface to SQLite.  Methods and data on the
 module have process wide effects.</p>
 <section id="type-annotations">
-<h2>Type Annotations<a class="headerlink" href="#type-annotations" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Type Annotations<a class="headerlink" href="#type-annotations" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Comprehensive <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html">type annotations</a> are included, and
 your code using apsw can be checked using tools like <a class="reference external" href="http://mypy-lang.org/">mypy</a>.  You can refer to the types below for
-your annotations (eg as <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.SQLiteValue</span></code>)</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>
-.. class:: SQLiteValue
-
-    | `Union &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union&gt;`__ [None, int, float, bytes, str]
-
-    SQLite supports 5 types - None (NULL), 64 bit signed int, 64 bit
-    float, bytes, and unicode text
-
-
-.. class:: SQLiteValues
-
-    | `Union &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union&gt;`__ [`Tuple &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Tuple&gt;`__ [()], `Tuple &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Tuple&gt;`__ [:class:`SQLiteValue`, ...]]
-
-    A sequence of zero or more :class:`SQLiteValue`
-
-
-.. class:: Bindings
-
-    | `Union &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union&gt;`__ [`Sequence &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Sequence&gt;`__ [`Union &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union&gt;`__ [:class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`zeroblob`]], `Dict &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict&gt;`__ [str, `Union &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union&gt;`__ [:class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`zeroblob`]]]
-
-    Query bindings are either a sequence of :class:`SQLiteValue`, or a dict mapping names
-    to :class:`SQLiteValues`.  You can also provide :class:`zeroblob` in :class:`Bindings`.
-
-
-.. class:: AggregateT
-
-    | `Any &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Any&gt;`__ 
-
-    An object provided as first parameter of step and final aggregate functions
-
-
-.. class:: AggregateStep
-
-    | `Union &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union&gt;`__ [
-    |         `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[:class:`AggregateT`], None],
-    |         `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[:class:`AggregateT`, :class:`SQLiteValue`], None],
-    |         `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[:class:`AggregateT`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`], None],
-    |         `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[:class:`AggregateT`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`], None],
-    |         `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[:class:`AggregateT`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`], None],
-    |         `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[:class:`AggregateT`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`], None],
-    |         `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[:class:`AggregateT`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`], None],
-    | ]
-
-    :class:`AggregateStep` is called on each matching row with the relevant number of :class:`SQLiteValue`
-
-
-.. class:: AggregateFinal
-
-    | `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[:class:`AggregateT`], :class:`SQLiteValue`]
-
-    Final is called after all matching rows have been processed by step, and returns a :class:`SQLiteValue`
-
-
-.. class:: AggregateFactory
-
-    | `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[], `Tuple &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Tuple&gt;`__ [:class:`AggregateT`, :class:`AggregateStep`, :class:`AggregateFinal`]]
-
-    Called each time for the start of a new calculation using an aggregate function,
-    returning an object, a step function and a final function
-
-
-.. class:: ScalarProtocol
-
-    | `Union &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union&gt;`__ [
-    |         `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[], :class:`SQLiteValue`],
-    |         `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[:class:`SQLiteValue`], :class:`SQLiteValue`],
-    |         `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[:class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`], :class:`SQLiteValue`],
-    |         `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[:class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`], :class:`SQLiteValue`],
-    |         `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[:class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`], :class:`SQLiteValue`],
-    |         `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[:class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`], :class:`SQLiteValue`],
-    |         `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[:class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`], :class:`SQLiteValue`],
-    |         `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[:class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`, :class:`SQLiteValue`], :class:`SQLiteValue`]
-    | ]
+your annotations (eg as <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.SQLiteValue</span></code></a>)</p>
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.SQLiteValue">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><div class="line-block">
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union">Union</a> [<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#None">None</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#int">int</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#float">float</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes">bytes</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str">str</a>]</div>
+</div>
+<p>SQLite supports 5 types - <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#None">None</a> (NULL), 64 bit signed <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#int">int</a>, 64 bit
+<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#float">float</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes">bytes</a>, and <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str">str</a> (unicode text)</p>
+</dd></dl>
 
-    Scalar callbacks take zero or more :class:`SQLiteValues`, and return a :class:`SQLiteValue`
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.SQLiteValues">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SQLiteValues</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.SQLiteValues" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><div class="line-block">
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union">Union</a> [<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Tuple">Tuple</a> [()], <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Tuple">Tuple</a> [ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>, …]]</div>
+</div>
+<p>A sequence of zero or more  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a></p>
+</dd></dl>
 
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Bindings">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Bindings</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Bindings" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><div class="line-block">
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union">Union</a> [<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Sequence">Sequence</a> [<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union">Union</a> [ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="blob.html#apsw.zeroblob" title="apsw.zeroblob"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zeroblob</span></code></a>]], <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Mapping">Mapping</a> [<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str">str</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union">Union</a> [ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="blob.html#apsw.zeroblob" title="apsw.zeroblob"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zeroblob</span></code></a>]]]</div>
+</div>
+<p>Query bindings are either a sequence of  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>, or a <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#dict">dict</a> mapping names
+to  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValues" title="apsw.SQLiteValues"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValues</span></code></a>.  You can also provide  <a class="reference internal" href="blob.html#apsw.zeroblob" title="apsw.zeroblob"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zeroblob</span></code></a> in  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Bindings" title="apsw.Bindings"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Bindings</span></code></a>. You can use
+<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#dict">dict</a> subclasses or any type registered with <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Mapping" title="(in Python v3.11)"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">collections.abc.Mapping</span></code></a>
+for named bindings</p>
+</dd></dl>
 
-.. class:: RowTracer
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.AggregateT">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">AggregateT</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.AggregateT" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><div class="line-block">
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Any">Any</a></div>
+</div>
+<p>An object provided as first parameter of step and final aggregate functions</p>
+</dd></dl>
 
-    | `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[:class:`Cursor`, :class:`SQLiteValues`], `Any &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Any&gt;`__ ]
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.AggregateStep">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">AggregateStep</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.AggregateStep" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><div class="line-block">
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union">Union</a>  [</div>
+<div class="line-block">
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AggregateT" title="apsw.AggregateT"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AggregateT</span></code></a>], <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#None">None</a>],</div>
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AggregateT" title="apsw.AggregateT"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AggregateT</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>], <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#None">None</a>],</div>
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AggregateT" title="apsw.AggregateT"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AggregateT</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>], <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#None">None</a>],</div>
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AggregateT" title="apsw.AggregateT"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AggregateT</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>], <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#None">None</a>],</div>
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AggregateT" title="apsw.AggregateT"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AggregateT</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>], <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#None">None</a>],</div>
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AggregateT" title="apsw.AggregateT"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AggregateT</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>], <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#None">None</a>],</div>
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AggregateT" title="apsw.AggregateT"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AggregateT</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>], <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#None">None</a>],</div>
+</div>
+<div class="line">]</div>
+</div>
+<blockquote>
+<div><p><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AggregateStep" title="apsw.AggregateStep"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AggregateStep</span></code></a> is called on each matching row with the relevant number of  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a></p>
+</div></blockquote>
+</dd></dl>
 
-    Row tracers are called with the :class:`Cursor`, and the row that would
-    be returned.  If you return None, then no row is returned, otherwise
-    whatever is returned is returned as a result row for the query
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.AggregateFinal">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">AggregateFinal</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.AggregateFinal" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><div class="line-block">
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AggregateT" title="apsw.AggregateT"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AggregateT</span></code></a>],  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>]</div>
+</div>
+<p>Final is called after all matching rows have been processed by step, and returns a  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a></p>
+</dd></dl>
 
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.AggregateFactory">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">AggregateFactory</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.AggregateFactory" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><div class="line-block">
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[], <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Tuple">Tuple</a> [ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AggregateT" title="apsw.AggregateT"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AggregateT</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AggregateStep" title="apsw.AggregateStep"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AggregateStep</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AggregateFinal" title="apsw.AggregateFinal"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AggregateFinal</span></code></a>]]</div>
+</div>
+<p>Called each time for the start of a new calculation using an aggregate function,
+returning an object, a step function and a final function</p>
+</dd></dl>
 
-.. class:: ExecTracer
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ScalarProtocol">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ScalarProtocol</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ScalarProtocol" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><div class="line-block">
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union">Union</a>  [</div>
+<div class="line-block">
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[],  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>],</div>
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>],  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>],</div>
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>],  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>],</div>
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>],  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>],</div>
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>],  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>],</div>
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>],  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>],</div>
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>],  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>],</div>
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>],  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a>]</div>
+</div>
+<div class="line">]</div>
+</div>
+<p>Scalar callbacks take zero or more  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValues" title="apsw.SQLiteValues"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValues</span></code></a>, and return a  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a></p>
+</dd></dl>
 
-    | `Callable &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable&gt;`__ [[:class:`Cursor`, str, `Optional &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Optional&gt;`__ [:class:`Bindings`]], bool]
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.RowTracer">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RowTracer</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.RowTracer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><div class="line-block">
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[ <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor</span></code></a>,  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValues" title="apsw.SQLiteValues"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValues</span></code></a>], <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Any">Any</a> ]</div>
+</div>
+<p>Row tracers are called with the  <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor</span></code></a>, and the row that would
+be returned.  If you return <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#None">None</a>, then no row is returned, otherwise
+whatever is returned is returned as a result row for the query</p>
+</dd></dl>
 
-    Execution tracers are called with the cursor, sql query text, and the bindings
-    used.  Return False/None to abort execution, or True to continue
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ExecTracer">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ExecTracer</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ExecTracer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><div class="line-block">
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[ <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor</span></code></a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str">str</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Optional">Optional</a> [ <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Bindings" title="apsw.Bindings"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Bindings</span></code></a>]], <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bool">bool</a>]</div>
+</div>
+<p>Execution tracers are called with the cursor, sql query text, and the bindings
+used.  Return False/<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#None">None</a> to abort execution, or True to continue</p>
+</dd></dl>
 
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Authorizer">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Authorizer</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Authorizer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><div class="line-block">
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#int">int</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Optional">Optional</a> [<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str">str</a>], <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Optional">Optional</a> [<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str">str</a>], <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Optional">Optional</a> [<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str">str</a>], <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Optional">Optional</a> [<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str">str</a>]], <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#int">int</a>]</div>
+</div>
+<p>Authorizers are called with an operation code and 4 strings (which could be <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#None">None</a>) depending
+on the operatation.  Return SQLITE_OK, SQLITE_DENY, or SQLITE_IGNORE</p>
+</dd></dl>
 
-</pre></div>
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.CommitHook">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CommitHook</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.CommitHook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><div class="line-block">
+<div class="line"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Callable">Callable</a> [[], <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bool">bool</a>]</div>
 </div>
+<p>Commit hook is called with no arguments and should return True to abort the commit and False
+to let it continue</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
 </section>
 <section id="api-reference">
-<h2>API Reference<a class="headerlink" href="#api-reference" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>API Reference<a class="headerlink" href="#api-reference" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <dl class="py attribute">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>The integer version number of SQLite that APSW was compiled
 against.  For example SQLite 3.6.4 will have the value <em>3006004</em>.
 This number may be different than the actual library in use if the
@@ -173,13 +220,13 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.apswversion">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">apswversion</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">str</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.apswversion" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">apswversion</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.apswversion" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the APSW version.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><dl class="py attribute">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.compile_options">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compile_options</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.compile_options" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compile_options</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.compile_options" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>A tuple of the options used to compile SQLite.  For example it
 will be something like this:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE=0&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;TEMP_STORE=1&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;THREADSAFE=1&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -190,7 +237,7 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.complete">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">complete</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">statement</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.complete" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">complete</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">statement</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.complete" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns True if the input string comprises one or more complete SQL
 statements by looking for an unquoted trailing semi-colon.</p>
 <p>An example use would be if you were prompting the user for SQL
@@ -207,7 +254,7 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.config">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">config</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Any</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.config" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">config</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Any</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.config" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
 <dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
@@ -229,7 +276,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py attribute">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.connection_hooks">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">connection_hooks</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">List</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><span class="pre">Connection</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.connection_hooks" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">connection_hooks</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">List</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><span class="pre">Connection</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.connection_hooks" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>The purpose of the hooks is to allow the easy registration of
 <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.createscalarfunction" title="apsw.Connection.createscalarfunction"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">functions</span></code></a>,
 <a class="reference internal" href="vtable.html#virtualtables"><span class="std std-ref">virtual tables</span></a> or similar items with
@@ -246,7 +293,7 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.enablesharedcache">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">enablesharedcache</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">enable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.enablesharedcache" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">enablesharedcache</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">enable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.enablesharedcache" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>If you use the same <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> across threads or use
 multiple <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connections</span></code></a> accessing the same file,
 then SQLite can <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/sharedcache.html">share the cache between them</a>.  It is <a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#sharedcache"><span class="std std-ref">not
@@ -256,7 +303,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.exceptionfor">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">exceptionfor</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">code</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Exception</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.exceptionfor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">exceptionfor</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">code</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#Exception" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Exception</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.exceptionfor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>If you would like to raise an exception that corresponds to a
 particular SQLite <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_abort.html">error code</a> then call this function.
 It also understands <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_ioerr_access.html">extended error codes</a>.</p>
@@ -268,7 +315,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.fork_checker">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fork_checker</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.fork_checker" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fork_checker</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.fork_checker" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p><strong>Note</strong> This method is not available on Windows as it does not
 support the fork system call.</p>
 <p>SQLite does not allow the use of database connections across <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_(operating_system)">forked</a> processes
@@ -306,20 +353,20 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.format_sql_value">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">format_sql_value</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">str</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.format_sql_value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">format_sql_value</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.format_sql_value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns a Python string representing the supplied value in SQL syntax.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.initialize">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">initialize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.initialize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">initialize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.initialize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>It is unlikely you will want to call this method as SQLite automatically initializes.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/initialize.html">sqlite3_initialize</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <span class="target" id="index-5"></span><dl class="py attribute">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.keywords">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">keywords</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Set</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.keywords" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">keywords</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Set</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.keywords" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>A set containing every SQLite keyword</p>
 <dl class="simple">
 <dt>Calls:</dt><dd><ul class="simple">
@@ -332,7 +379,7 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-6"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.log">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">log</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">errorcode</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">message</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.log" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">log</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">errorcode</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">message</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.log" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Calls the SQLite logging interface.  Note that you must format the
 message before passing it to this method:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_NOMEM</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;Need </span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="n">needed</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2"> bytes of memory&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -343,16 +390,9 @@
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/log.html">sqlite3_log</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.main">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">main</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.main" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p>Call this to run the <a class="reference internal" href="shell.html#shell"><span class="std std-ref">interactive shell</span></a>.  It
-automatically passes in sys.argv[1:] and exits Python when done.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
 <span class="target" id="index-7"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.memoryhighwater">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">memoryhighwater</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">reset</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.memoryhighwater" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">memoryhighwater</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">reset</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.memoryhighwater" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the maximum amount of memory SQLite has used.  If <em>reset</em> is
 True then the high water mark is reset to the current value.</p>
 <div class="admonition seealso">
@@ -364,7 +404,7 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-8"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.memoryused">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">memoryused</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.memoryused" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">memoryused</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.memoryused" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the amount of memory SQLite is currently using.</p>
 <div class="admonition seealso">
 <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
@@ -375,7 +415,7 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-9"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.randomness">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">randomness</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">amount</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">bytes</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.randomness" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">randomness</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">amount</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bytes</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.randomness" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Gets random data from SQLite’s random number generator.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
@@ -387,7 +427,7 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-10"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.releasememory">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">releasememory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">amount</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.releasememory" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">releasememory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">amount</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.releasememory" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Requests SQLite try to free <em>amount</em> bytes of memory.  Returns how
 many bytes were freed.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/release_memory.html">sqlite3_release_memory</a></p>
@@ -395,18 +435,18 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-11"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shutdown">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">shutdown</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shutdown" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">shutdown</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shutdown" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>It is unlikely you will want to call this method and there is no
 need to do so.  It is a <strong>really</strong> bad idea to call it unless you
 are absolutely sure all <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connections</span></code></a>,
-<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blobs</span></code>, <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cursors</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="vfs.html#apsw.VFS" title="apsw.VFS"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vfs</span></code></a>
+<a class="reference internal" href="blob.html#apsw.Blob" title="apsw.Blob"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blobs</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cursors</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="vfs.html#apsw.VFS" title="apsw.VFS"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vfs</span></code></a>
 etc have been closed, deleted and garbage collected.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/initialize.html">sqlite3_shutdown</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <span class="target" id="index-12"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.softheaplimit">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">softheaplimit</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">limit</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.softheaplimit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">softheaplimit</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">limit</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.softheaplimit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Requests SQLite try to keep memory usage below <em>amount</em> bytes and
 returns the previous limit.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/hard_heap_limit64.html">sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64</a></p>
@@ -414,7 +454,7 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-13"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.sqlite3_sourceid">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">sqlite3_sourceid</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">str</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.sqlite3_sourceid" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">sqlite3_sourceid</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.sqlite3_sourceid" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the exact checkin information for the SQLite 3 source
 being used.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/libversion.html">sqlite3_sourceid</a></p>
@@ -422,7 +462,7 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-14"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.sqlitelibversion">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">sqlitelibversion</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">str</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.sqlitelibversion" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">sqlitelibversion</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.sqlitelibversion" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the version of the SQLite library.  This value is queried at
 run time from the library so if you use shared libraries it will be
 the version in the shared library.</p>
@@ -431,7 +471,7 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-15"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.status">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">status</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">reset</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.status" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">status</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">reset</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.status" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns current and highwater measurements.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
@@ -455,7 +495,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py attribute">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.using_amalgamation">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">using_amalgamation</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">bool</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.using_amalgamation" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">using_amalgamation</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.using_amalgamation" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>If True then <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=TheAmalgamation">SQLite amalgamation</a> is in
 use (statically compiled into APSW).  Using the amalgamation means
 that SQLite shared libraries are not used and will not affect your
@@ -464,19 +504,19 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.vfsnames">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">vfsnames</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">List</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.vfsnames" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">vfsnames</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">List</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.vfsnames" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns a list of the currently installed <a class="reference internal" href="vfs.html#vfs"><span class="std std-ref">vfs</span></a>.  The first
 item in the list is the default vfs.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 </section>
 <section id="sqlite-constants">
-<span id="sqliteconstants"></span><h2>SQLite constants<a class="headerlink" href="#sqlite-constants" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="sqliteconstants"></span><h2>SQLite constants<a class="headerlink" href="#sqlite-constants" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>SQLite has <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/constlist.html">many constants</a> used in various
-interfaces.  To use a constant such as <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_OK</span></code>, just
+interfaces.  To use a constant such as <em>SQLITE_OK</em>, just
 use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.SQLITE_OK</span></code>.</p>
 <p>The same values can be used in different contexts. For example
-<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_OK</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX</span></code> both have a value
+<em>SQLITE_OK</em> and <em>SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX</em> both have a value
 of zero. For each group of constants there is also a mapping (dict)
 available that you can supply a string to and get the corresponding
 numeric value, or supply a numeric value and get the corresponding
@@ -486,94 +526,167 @@
 <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mapping_authorizer_function</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;SQLITE_READ&quot;</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<p>mapping_access <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html">Flags for the xAccess VFS method</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html">SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html">SQLITE_ACCESS_READ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html">SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_authorizer_function <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">Authorizer Action Codes</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_ANALYZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_ATTACH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_COPY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DELETE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DETACH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_INDEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_TABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_VIEW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_FUNCTION</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_INSERT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_PRAGMA</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_READ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_RECURSIVE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_REINDEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_SAVEPOINT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_SELECT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_TRANSACTION</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_UPDATE</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_authorizer_return <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deny.html">Authorizer Return Codes</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deny.html">SQLITE_DENY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deny.html">SQLITE_IGNORE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ok">SQLITE_OK</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_bestindex_constraints <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_config <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html">Configuration Options</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigcoveringindexscan">SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiggetmalloc">SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiggetmutex">SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiggetpcache">SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiggetpcache2">SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigheap">SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiglog">SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiglookaside">SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmalloc">SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmemdbmaxsize">SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmemstatus">SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmmapsize">SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmultithread">SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmutex">SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigpagecache">SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigpcache">SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigpcache2">SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigpcachehdrsz">SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigpmasz">SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigscratch">SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigserialized">SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigsinglethread">SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigsmallmalloc">SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigsorterrefsize">SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigsqllog">SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigstmtjrnlspill">SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiguri">SQLITE_CONFIG_URI</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigwin32heapsize">SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_conflict_resolution_modes <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fail.html">Conflict resolution modes</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#abort">SQLITE_ABORT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fail.html">SQLITE_FAIL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deny.html">SQLITE_IGNORE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fail.html">SQLITE_REPLACE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fail.html">SQLITE_ROLLBACK</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_db_config <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html">Database Connection Configuration Options</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigdefensive">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigdqsddl">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigdqsdml">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenablefkey">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenablefts3tokenizer">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenableloadextension">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenableqpsg">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenabletrigger">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenableview">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfiglegacyaltertable">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfiglegacyfileformat">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfiglookaside">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigmaindbname">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfignockptonclose">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigresetdatabase">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigtriggereqp">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigtrustedschema">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigwritableschema">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_db_status <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html">Status Parameters for database connections</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscachehit">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscachemiss">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscachespill">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscacheused">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscacheusedshared">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscachewrite">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatusdeferredfks">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuslookasidehit">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuslookasidemissfull">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuslookasidemisssize">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuslookasideused">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatusschemaused">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatusstmtused">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_device_characteristics <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">Device Characteristics</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_extended_result_codes <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html">Extended Result Codes</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#abort_rollback">SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#auth_user">SQLITE_AUTH_USER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#busy_recovery">SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#busy_snapshot">SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#busy_timeout">SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_convpath">SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_dirtywal">SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_fullpath">SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_isdir">SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_notempdir">SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_symlink">SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_check">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_commithook">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_datatype">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_DATATYPE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_foreignkey">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_function">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_notnull">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_pinned">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_primarykey">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_rowid">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_trigger">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_unique">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_vtab">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#corrupt_index">SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#corrupt_sequence">SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#corrupt_vtab">SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#error_missing_collseq">SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#error_retry">SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#error_snapshot">SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_access">SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_auth">SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_begin_atomic">SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_blocked">SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_checkreservedlock">SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_close">SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_commit_atomic">SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_convpath">SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_corruptfs">SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_data">SQLITE_IOERR_DATA</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_delete">SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_delete_noent">SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_dir_close">SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_dir_fsync">SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_fstat">SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_fsync">SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_gettemppath">SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_lock">SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_mmap">SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_nomem">SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_rdlock">SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_read">SQLITE_IOERR_READ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_rollback_atomic">SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_seek">SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_shmlock">SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_shmmap">SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_shmopen">SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_shmsize">SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_short_read">SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_truncate">SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_unlock">SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_vnode">SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_write">SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#locked_sharedcache">SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#locked_vtab">SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#notice_recover_rollback">SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#notice_recover_wal">SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ok_load_permanently">SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_abort_rollback.html">SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_cantinit">SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_cantlock">SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_dbmoved">SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_directory">SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_recovery">SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_rollback">SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#warning_autoindex">SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_file_control <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html">Standard File Control Opcodes</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlbeginatomicwrite">SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlbusyhandler">SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlchunksize">SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlckptdone">SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlckptstart">SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlcksmfile">SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlcommitatomicwrite">SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlcommitphasetwo">SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntldataversion">SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlexternalreader">SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlfilepointer">SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html">SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlhasmoved">SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntljournalpointer">SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html">SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntllockstate">SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntllocktimeout">SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlmmapsize">SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntloverwrite">SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html">SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlpersistwal">SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlpowersafeoverwrite">SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlpragma">SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlrbu">SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html">SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlrollbackatomicwrite">SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html">SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlsizehint">SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlsizelimit">SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlsync">SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlsyncomitted">SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntltempfilename">SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntltrace">SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlvfsname">SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlvfspointer">SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlwalblock">SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlwin32avretry">SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlwin32gethandle">SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlwin32sethandle">SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlzipvfs">SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_limits <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html">Run-Time Limit Categories</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitattached">SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitcolumn">SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitcompoundselect">SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitexprdepth">SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitfunctionarg">SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitlength">SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitlikepatternlength">SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitsqllength">SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimittriggerdepth">SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitvariablenumber">SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitvdbeop">SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitworkerthreads">SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_locking_level <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html">File Locking Levels</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html">SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html">SQLITE_LOCK_NONE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html">SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html">SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html">SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_open_flags <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">Flags For File Open Operations</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_URI</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_WAL</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_result_codes <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html">Result Codes</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#abort">SQLITE_ABORT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#auth">SQLITE_AUTH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#busy">SQLITE_BUSY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen">SQLITE_CANTOPEN</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#corrupt">SQLITE_CORRUPT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#done">SQLITE_DONE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#empty">SQLITE_EMPTY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#error">SQLITE_ERROR</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#format">SQLITE_FORMAT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#full">SQLITE_FULL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#internal">SQLITE_INTERNAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#interrupt">SQLITE_INTERRUPT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr">SQLITE_IOERR</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#locked">SQLITE_LOCKED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#mismatch">SQLITE_MISMATCH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#misuse">SQLITE_MISUSE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#nolfs">SQLITE_NOLFS</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#nomem">SQLITE_NOMEM</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#notadb">SQLITE_NOTADB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#notfound">SQLITE_NOTFOUND</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#notice">SQLITE_NOTICE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ok">SQLITE_OK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#perm">SQLITE_PERM</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#protocol">SQLITE_PROTOCOL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#range">SQLITE_RANGE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly">SQLITE_READONLY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#row">SQLITE_ROW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#schema">SQLITE_SCHEMA</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#toobig">SQLITE_TOOBIG</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#warning">SQLITE_WARNING</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_status <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html">Status Parameters</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusmalloccount">SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusmallocsize">SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusmemoryused">SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatuspagecacheoverflow">SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatuspagecachesize">SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatuspagecacheused">SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusparserstack">SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusscratchoverflow">SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusscratchsize">SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusscratchused">SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_sync <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html">Synchronization Type Flags</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html">SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html">SQLITE_SYNC_FULL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html">SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_txn_state <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_txn_none.html">Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()]</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_txn_none.html#sqlitetxnnone">SQLITE_TXN_NONE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_txn_none.html#sqlitetxnread">SQLITE_TXN_READ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_txn_none.html#sqlitetxnwrite">SQLITE_TXN_WRITE</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_virtual_table_configuration_options <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_vtab_constraint_support.html">Virtual Table Configuration Options</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_vtab_constraint_support.html#sqlitevtabconstraintsupport">SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_vtab_constraint_support.html#sqlitevtabdirectonly">SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_vtab_constraint_support.html#sqlitevtabinnocuous">SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_virtual_table_scan_flags <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_scan_unique.html">Virtual Table Scan Flags</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_scan_unique.html">SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_wal_checkpoint <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html">Checkpoint Mode Values</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html">SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html">SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html">SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html">SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>mapping_xshmlock_flags <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html">Flags for the xShmLock VFS method</a></p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html">SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html">SQLITE_SHM_LOCK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html">SQLITE_SHM_SHARED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html">SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK</a></p>
-</div></blockquote>
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_access">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_access</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_access" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html">Flags for the xAccess VFS method</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html">SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html">SQLITE_ACCESS_READ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html">SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_authorizer_function">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_authorizer_function</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_authorizer_function" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">Authorizer Action Codes</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_ANALYZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_ATTACH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_COPY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DELETE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DETACH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_INDEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_TABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_VIEW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_FUNCTION</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_INSERT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_PRAGMA</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_READ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_RECURSIVE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_REINDEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_SAVEPOINT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_SELECT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_TRANSACTION</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">SQLITE_UPDATE</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_authorizer_return">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_authorizer_return</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_authorizer_return" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deny.html">Authorizer Return Codes</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deny.html">SQLITE_DENY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deny.html">SQLITE_IGNORE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ok">SQLITE_OK</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_bestindex_constraints">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_bestindex_constraints</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_bestindex_constraints" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html">SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_config">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_config</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_config" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html">Configuration Options</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigcoveringindexscan">SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiggetmalloc">SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiggetmutex">SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiggetpcache">SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiggetpcache2">SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigheap">SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiglog">SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiglookaside">SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmalloc">SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmemdbmaxsize">SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmemstatus">SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmmapsize">SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmultithread">SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmutex">SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigpagecache">SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigpcache">SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigpcache2">SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigpcachehdrsz">SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigpmasz">SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigscratch">SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigserialized">SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigsinglethread">SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigsmallmalloc">SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigsorterrefsize">SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigsqllog">SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigstmtjrnlspill">SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiguri">SQLITE_CONFIG_URI</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigwin32heapsize">SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_conflict_resolution_modes">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_conflict_resolution_modes</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_conflict_resolution_modes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fail.html">Conflict resolution modes</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#abort">SQLITE_ABORT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fail.html">SQLITE_FAIL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deny.html">SQLITE_IGNORE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fail.html">SQLITE_REPLACE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fail.html">SQLITE_ROLLBACK</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_db_config">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_db_config</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_db_config" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html">Database Connection Configuration Options</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigdefensive">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigdqsddl">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigdqsdml">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenablefkey">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenablefts3tokenizer">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenableloadextension">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenableqpsg">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenabletrigger">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenableview">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfiglegacyaltertable">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfiglegacyfileformat">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfiglookaside">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigmaindbname">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfignockptonclose">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigresetdatabase">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigtriggereqp">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigtrustedschema">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigwritableschema">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_db_status">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_db_status</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_db_status" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html">Status Parameters for database connections</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscachehit">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscachemiss">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscachespill">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscacheused">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscacheusedshared">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscachewrite">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatusdeferredfks">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuslookasidehit">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuslookasidemissfull">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuslookasidemisssize">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuslookasideused">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatusschemaused">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatusstmtused">SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_device_characteristics">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_device_characteristics</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_device_characteristics" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">Device Characteristics</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_extended_result_codes">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_extended_result_codes</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_extended_result_codes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html">Extended Result Codes</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#abort_rollback">SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#auth_user">SQLITE_AUTH_USER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#busy_recovery">SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#busy_snapshot">SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#busy_timeout">SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_convpath">SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_dirtywal">SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_fullpath">SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_isdir">SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_notempdir">SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_symlink">SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_check">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_commithook">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_datatype">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_DATATYPE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_foreignkey">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_function">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_notnull">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_pinned">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_primarykey">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_rowid">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_trigger">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_unique">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_vtab">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#corrupt_index">SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#corrupt_sequence">SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#corrupt_vtab">SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#error_missing_collseq">SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#error_retry">SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#error_snapshot">SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_access">SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_auth">SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_begin_atomic">SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_blocked">SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_checkreservedlock">SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_close">SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_commit_atomic">SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_convpath">SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_corruptfs">SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_data">SQLITE_IOERR_DATA</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_delete">SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_delete_noent">SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_dir_close">SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_dir_fsync">SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_fstat">SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_fsync">SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_gettemppath">SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_lock">SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_mmap">SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_nomem">SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_rdlock">SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_read">SQLITE_IOERR_READ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_rollback_atomic">SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_seek">SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_shmlock">SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_shmmap">SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_shmopen">SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_shmsize">SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_short_read">SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_truncate">SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_unlock">SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_vnode">SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_write">SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#locked_sharedcache">SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#locked_vtab">SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#notice_recover_rollback">SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#notice_recover_wal">SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ok_load_permanently">SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_abort_rollback.html">SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_cantinit">SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_cantlock">SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_dbmoved">SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_directory">SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_recovery">SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_rollback">SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#warning_autoindex">SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_file_control">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_file_control</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_file_control" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html">Standard File Control Opcodes</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlbeginatomicwrite">SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlbusyhandler">SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlchunksize">SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlckptdone">SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlckptstart">SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlcksmfile">SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlcommitatomicwrite">SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlcommitphasetwo">SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntldataversion">SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlexternalreader">SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlfilepointer">SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html">SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlhasmoved">SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntljournalpointer">SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html">SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntllockstate">SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntllocktimeout">SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlmmapsize">SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntloverwrite">SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html">SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlpersistwal">SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlpowersafeoverwrite">SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlpragma">SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlrbu">SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html">SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlrollbackatomicwrite">SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html">SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlsizehint">SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlsizelimit">SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlsync">SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlsyncomitted">SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntltempfilename">SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntltrace">SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlvfsname">SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlvfspointer">SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlwalblock">SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlwin32avretry">SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlwin32gethandle">SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlwin32sethandle">SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlzipvfs">SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_limits">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_limits</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_limits" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html">Run-Time Limit Categories</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitattached">SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitcolumn">SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitcompoundselect">SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitexprdepth">SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitfunctionarg">SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitlength">SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitlikepatternlength">SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitsqllength">SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimittriggerdepth">SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitvariablenumber">SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitvdbeop">SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitworkerthreads">SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_locking_level">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_locking_level</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_locking_level" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html">File Locking Levels</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html">SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html">SQLITE_LOCK_NONE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html">SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html">SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html">SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_open_flags">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_open_flags</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_open_flags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">Flags For File Open Operations</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_URI</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_WAL</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_prepare_flags">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_prepare_flags</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_prepare_flags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.html">Prepare Flags</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.html#sqlitepreparenormalize">SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.html#sqlitepreparenovtab">SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.html#sqlitepreparepersistent">SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_result_codes">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_result_codes</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_result_codes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html">Result Codes</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#abort">SQLITE_ABORT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#auth">SQLITE_AUTH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#busy">SQLITE_BUSY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen">SQLITE_CANTOPEN</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#corrupt">SQLITE_CORRUPT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#done">SQLITE_DONE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#empty">SQLITE_EMPTY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#error">SQLITE_ERROR</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#format">SQLITE_FORMAT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#full">SQLITE_FULL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#internal">SQLITE_INTERNAL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#interrupt">SQLITE_INTERRUPT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr">SQLITE_IOERR</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#locked">SQLITE_LOCKED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#mismatch">SQLITE_MISMATCH</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#misuse">SQLITE_MISUSE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#nolfs">SQLITE_NOLFS</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#nomem">SQLITE_NOMEM</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#notadb">SQLITE_NOTADB</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#notfound">SQLITE_NOTFOUND</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#notice">SQLITE_NOTICE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ok">SQLITE_OK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#perm">SQLITE_PERM</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#protocol">SQLITE_PROTOCOL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#range">SQLITE_RANGE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly">SQLITE_READONLY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#row">SQLITE_ROW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#schema">SQLITE_SCHEMA</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#toobig">SQLITE_TOOBIG</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#warning">SQLITE_WARNING</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_status">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_status</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_status" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html">Status Parameters</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusmalloccount">SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusmallocsize">SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusmemoryused">SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatuspagecacheoverflow">SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatuspagecachesize">SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatuspagecacheused">SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusparserstack">SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusscratchoverflow">SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusscratchsize">SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusscratchused">SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_sync">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_sync</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_sync" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html">Synchronization Type Flags</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html">SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html">SQLITE_SYNC_FULL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html">SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_txn_state">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_txn_state</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_txn_state" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_txn_none.html">Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()]</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_txn_none.html#sqlitetxnnone">SQLITE_TXN_NONE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_txn_none.html#sqlitetxnread">SQLITE_TXN_READ</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_txn_none.html#sqlitetxnwrite">SQLITE_TXN_WRITE</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_virtual_table_configuration_options">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_virtual_table_configuration_options</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_virtual_table_configuration_options" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_vtab_constraint_support.html">Virtual Table Configuration Options</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_vtab_constraint_support.html#sqlitevtabconstraintsupport">SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_vtab_constraint_support.html#sqlitevtabdirectonly">SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_vtab_constraint_support.html#sqlitevtabinnocuous">SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_virtual_table_scan_flags">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_virtual_table_scan_flags</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_virtual_table_scan_flags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_scan_unique.html">Virtual Table Scan Flags</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_scan_unique.html">SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_wal_checkpoint">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_wal_checkpoint</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_wal_checkpoint" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html">Checkpoint Mode Values</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html">SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html">SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html">SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html">SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py data">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.mapping_xshmlock_flags">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mapping_xshmlock_flags</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Dict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Dict</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Union</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.mapping_xshmlock_flags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html">Flags for the xShmLock VFS method</a> constants</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html">SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html">SQLITE_SHM_LOCK</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html">SQLITE_SHM_SHARED</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html">SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
 </section>
 </section>
 
@@ -584,22 +697,93 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">APSW Module</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#type-annotations">Type Annotations</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#api-reference">API Reference</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#sqlite-constants">SQLite constants</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#type-annotations">Type Annotations</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValue"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLiteValues"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteValues</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Bindings"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Bindings</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AggregateT"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AggregateT</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AggregateStep"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AggregateStep</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AggregateFinal"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AggregateFinal</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AggregateFactory"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AggregateFactory</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ScalarProtocol"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ScalarProtocol</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.RowTracer"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RowTracer</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ExecTracer"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ExecTracer</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Authorizer"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Authorizer</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.CommitHook"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CommitHook</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#api-reference">API Reference</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.apswversion"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apswversion()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.compile_options"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile_options</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.complete"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">complete()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.config"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">config()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.connection_hooks"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection_hooks</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.enablesharedcache"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">enablesharedcache()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.exceptionfor"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exceptionfor()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.fork_checker"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fork_checker()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.format_sql_value"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">format_sql_value()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.initialize"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">initialize()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.keywords"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">keywords</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.log"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">log()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.memoryhighwater"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">memoryhighwater()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.memoryused"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">memoryused()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.randomness"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">randomness()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.releasememory"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">releasememory()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shutdown"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">shutdown()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.softheaplimit"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">softheaplimit()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.sqlite3_sourceid"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite3_sourceid()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.sqlitelibversion"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlitelibversion()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.status"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">status()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.using_amalgamation"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">using_amalgamation</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.vfsnames"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vfsnames()</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#sqlite-constants">SQLite constants</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_access"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_access</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_authorizer_function"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_authorizer_function</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_authorizer_return"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_authorizer_return</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_bestindex_constraints"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_bestindex_constraints</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_config"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_config</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_conflict_resolution_modes"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_conflict_resolution_modes</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_db_config"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_db_config</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_db_status"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_db_status</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_device_characteristics"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_device_characteristics</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_extended_result_codes"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_extended_result_codes</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_file_control"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_file_control</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_limits"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_limits</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_locking_level"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_locking_level</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_open_flags"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_open_flags</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_prepare_flags"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_prepare_flags</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_result_codes"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_result_codes</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_status"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_status</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_sync"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_sync</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_txn_state"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_txn_state</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_virtual_table_configuration_options"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_virtual_table_configuration_options</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_virtual_table_scan_flags"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_virtual_table_scan_flags</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_wal_checkpoint"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_wal_checkpoint</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.mapping_xshmlock_flags"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mapping_xshmlock_flags</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
 
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="extensions.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">Extensions</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="connection.html"
-                        title="next chapter">Connections to a database</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="extensions.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">Extensions</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="connection.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Connections to a database</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -616,7 +800,7 @@
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     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -636,15 +820,15 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="extensions.html" title="Extensions"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">APSW Module</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
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diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/backup.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/backup.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/backup.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/backup.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>Backup &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Backup &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="blob.html" title="Blob Input/Output"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Backup</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,15 +56,15 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="backup">
-<span id="id1"></span><h1>Backup<a class="headerlink" href="#backup" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<span id="id1"></span><h1>Backup<a class="headerlink" href="#backup" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p>A backup object encapsulates copying one database to another.  You
 call <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.backup" title="apsw.Connection.backup"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.backup()</span></code></a> on the destination database to get the
-backup object.  Call <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">step()</span></code> to copy some pages
+Backup object.  Call <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.step" title="apsw.Backup.step"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">step()</span></code></a> to copy some pages
 repeatedly dealing with errors as appropriate.  Finally
-<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finish()</span></code> cleans up committing or rolling back and
+<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.finish" title="apsw.Backup.finish"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finish()</span></code></a> cleans up committing or rolling back and
 releasing locks.</p>
 <p>Here is an example usage using the <strong>with</strong> statement to ensure
-<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finish()</span></code> is called:</p>
+<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.finish" title="apsw.Backup.finish"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finish()</span></code></a> is called:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># copies source.main into db</span>
 <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">backup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">source</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">:</span>
     <span class="k">while</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">done</span><span class="p">:</span>
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>If you are not using <strong>with</strong> then you’ll need to ensure
-<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finish()</span></code> is called:</p>
+<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.finish" title="apsw.Backup.finish"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finish()</span></code></a> is called:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># copies source.main into db</span>
 <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">backup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">source</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
@@ -83,14 +85,14 @@
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <section id="important-details">
-<h2>Important details<a class="headerlink" href="#important-details" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Important details<a class="headerlink" href="#important-details" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>The database is copied page by page.  This means that there is not a
 round trip via SQL.  All pages are copied including free ones.</p>
 <p>The destination database is locked during the copy.  You will get a
 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#apsw.ThreadingViolationError" title="apsw.ThreadingViolationError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ThreadingViolationError</span></code></a> if you attempt to use it.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="backup-class">
-<h2>Backup class<a class="headerlink" href="#backup-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Backup class<a class="headerlink" href="#backup-class" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <dl class="py class">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Backup">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Backup</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Backup" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
@@ -101,23 +103,23 @@
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Backup.__enter__">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Backup.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__enter__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup" title="apsw.Backup"><span class="pre">Backup</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Backup.__enter__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>You can use the backup object as a <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html#with-statement-context-managers">context manager</a>
-as defined in <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0343"><strong>PEP 0343</strong></a>.  The <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__exit__()</span></code> method ensures that backup
-is <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finished</span></code>.</p>
+as defined in <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0343/"><strong>PEP 0343</strong></a>.  The <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.__exit__" title="apsw.Backup.__exit__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__exit__()</span></code></a> method ensures that backup
+is <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.finish" title="apsw.Backup.finish"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finished</span></code></a>.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Backup.__exit__">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Backup.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__exit__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">etype</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">type</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">BaseException</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">evalue</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">BaseException</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">etraceback</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">TracebackType</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Literal</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="k"><span class="pre">False</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Backup.__exit__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p>Implements context manager in conjunction with <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__enter__()</span></code> ensuring
-that the copy is <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finished</span></code>.</p>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Backup.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__exit__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">etype</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#type" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">type</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#BaseException" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">evalue</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#BaseException" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">etraceback</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/types.html#types.TracebackType" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">types.TracebackType</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Backup.__exit__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Implements context manager in conjunction with <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.__enter__" title="apsw.Backup.__enter__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__enter__()</span></code></a> ensuring
+that the copy is <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.finish" title="apsw.Backup.finish"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finished</span></code></a>.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Backup.close">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Backup.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">close</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">force</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Backup.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p>Does the same thing as <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finish()</span></code>.  This extra api is
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Backup.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">close</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">force</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Backup.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Does the same thing as <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.finish" title="apsw.Backup.finish"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finish()</span></code></a>.  This extra api is
 provided to give the same api as other APSW objects such as
-<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.close" title="apsw.Connection.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.close()</span></code></a>, <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blob.close()</span></code> and
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.close" title="apsw.Connection.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.close()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="blob.html#apsw.Blob.close" title="apsw.Blob.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob.close()</span></code></a> and
 <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.close" title="apsw.Cursor.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.close()</span></code></a>.  It is safe to call this method multiple
 times.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
@@ -129,13 +131,13 @@
 
 <dl class="py attribute">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Backup.done">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Backup.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">done</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">bool</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Backup.done" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p>A boolean that is True if the copy completed in the last call to <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">step()</span></code>.</p>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Backup.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">done</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Backup.done" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>A boolean that is True if the copy completed in the last call to <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.step" title="apsw.Backup.step"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">step()</span></code></a>.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Backup.finish">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Backup.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">finish</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Backup.finish" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Backup.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">finish</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Backup.finish" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Completes the copy process.  If all pages have been copied then the
 transaction is committed on the destination database, otherwise it
 is rolled back.  This method must be called for your backup to take
@@ -146,30 +148,30 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><dl class="py attribute">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Backup.pagecount">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Backup.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">pagecount</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Backup.pagecount" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Backup.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">pagecount</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Backup.pagecount" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Read only. How many pages were in the source database after the last
-step.  If you haven’t called <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">step()</span></code> or the backup
-object has been <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finished</span></code> then zero is
+step.  If you haven’t called <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.step" title="apsw.Backup.step"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">step()</span></code></a> or the backup
+object has been <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.finish" title="apsw.Backup.finish"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finished</span></code></a> then zero is
 returned.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html#sqlite3backuppagecount">sqlite3_backup_pagecount</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><dl class="py attribute">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Backup.remaining">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Backup.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">remaining</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Backup.remaining" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Backup.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">remaining</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Backup.remaining" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Read only. How many pages were remaining to be copied after the last
-step.  If you haven’t called <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">step()</span></code> or the backup
-object has been <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finished</span></code> then zero is
+step.  If you haven’t called <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.step" title="apsw.Backup.step"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">step()</span></code></a> or the backup
+object has been <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.finish" title="apsw.Backup.finish"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finished</span></code></a> then zero is
 returned.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html#sqlite3backupremaining">sqlite3_backup_remaining</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Backup.step">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Backup.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">step</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">npages</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Backup.step" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Backup.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">step</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">npages</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Backup.step" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Copies <em>npages</em> pages from the source to destination database.  The source database is locked during the copy so
 using smaller values allows other access to the source database.  The destination database is always locked until the
-backup object is <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finished</span></code>.</p>
+backup object is <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.finish" title="apsw.Backup.finish"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finished</span></code></a>.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
 <dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>npages</strong> – How many pages to copy. If the parameter is omitted
@@ -183,7 +185,7 @@
 again.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Returns</dt>
-<dd class="field-odd"><p>True if this copied the last remaining outstanding pages, else false.  This is the same value as <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">done</span></code></p>
+<dd class="field-odd"><p>True if this copied the last remaining outstanding pages, else false.  This is the same value as <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.done" title="apsw.Backup.done"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">done</span></code></a></p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html#sqlite3backupstep">sqlite3_backup_step</a></p>
@@ -199,21 +201,40 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Backup</a><ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#important-details">Important details</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#backup-class">Backup class</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#backup-class">Backup class</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Backup</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.__enter__"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Backup.__enter__()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.__exit__"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Backup.__exit__()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.close"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Backup.close()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.done"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Backup.done</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.finish"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Backup.finish()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.pagecount"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Backup.pagecount</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.remaining"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Backup.remaining</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Backup.step"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Backup.step()</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
 
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="blob.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">Blob Input/Output</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="vtable.html"
-                        title="next chapter">Virtual Tables</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="blob.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">Blob Input/Output</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="vtable.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Virtual Tables</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -230,7 +251,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -250,15 +271,15 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="blob.html" title="Blob Input/Output"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Backup</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/benchmarking.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/benchmarking.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/benchmarking.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/benchmarking.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,25 +1,27 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>Benchmarking &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Benchmarking &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
     <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="copyright.html" />
     <link rel="next" title="Copyright and License" href="copyright.html" />
-    <link rel="prev" title="pysqlite differences" href="pysqlite.html" />
+    <link rel="prev" title="sqlite3 module differences" href="pysqlite.html" />
  
 <script type="text/javascript">
   var _gaq = _gaq || [];
@@ -41,9 +43,9 @@
           <a href="copyright.html" title="Copyright and License"
              accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
-          <a href="pysqlite.html" title="pysqlite differences"
+          <a href="pysqlite.html" title="sqlite3 module differences"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Benchmarking</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="benchmarking">
-<span id="id1"></span><h1>Benchmarking<a class="headerlink" href="#benchmarking" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<span id="id1"></span><h1>Benchmarking<a class="headerlink" href="#benchmarking" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p>Before you do any benchmarking with APSW or other ways of accessing
 SQLite, you must understand how and when SQLite does transactions. See
 <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/lockingv3.html#transaction_control">transaction control</a>.  <strong>APSW does
@@ -63,25 +65,16 @@
 behind your back, which may or may not work well with SQLite also
 doing its own transactions. You should always manage your transactions
 yourself.  For example to insert 1,000 rows wrap it in a single
-transaction else you will have 1,000 transactions. The best clue that
-you have one transaction per statement is having a maximum of 60
-statements per second. You need two drive rotations to do a
-transaction - the data has to be committed to the main file and the
-journal - and 7200 RPM drives do 120 rotations a second. On the other
-hand if you don’t put in the transaction boundaries yourself and get
-more than 60 statements a second, then your access mechanism is
-silently starting transactions for you. This topic also comes up
-fairly frequently in the SQLite mailing list archives.</p>
+transaction, otherwise you will have 1,000 transactions, one per row.
+A spinning hard drive can’t do more than 60 transactions per second.</p>
 <section id="speedtest">
-<span id="id2"></span><h2>speedtest<a class="headerlink" href="#speedtest" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>APSW includes a speed testing script as part of the <a class="reference internal" href="download.html#source-and-binaries"><span class="std std-ref">source
-distribution</span></a>.  You can use the script to
-compare SQLite performance across different versions of SQLite,
-different host systems (hard drives and controllers matter) as well as
-between sqlite3 and APSW.  The underlying queries are based on
-<a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=tool/mkspeedsql.tcl">SQLite’s speed test</a>.</p>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ python3 speedtest.py --help
-Usage: speedtest.py [options]
+<span id="id2"></span><h2>speedtest<a class="headerlink" href="#speedtest" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>APSW includes a speed tester to compare SQLite performance across
+different versions of SQLite, different host systems (hard drives and
+controllers matter) as well as between sqlite3 and APSW.  The
+underlying queries are based on <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/src/file?name=tool/mkspeedsql.tcl">SQLite’s speed test</a>.</p>
+<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ python3 -m apsw.speedtest --help
+Usage: apsw.speedtest [options]
 
 Options:
   -h, --help           show this help message and exit
@@ -102,8 +95,8 @@
   --sc-size=N          Size of the statement cache. APSW will disable cache
                        with value of zero.  sqlite3 ensures a minimum of 5
                        [Default 100]
-  --unicode=UNICODE    Percentage of text that is unicode characters [Default
-                       0]
+  --unicode=UNICODE    Percentage of text that is non-ascii unicode characters
+                       [Default 0]
   --data-size=SIZE     Maximum size in characters of data items - keep this
                        number small unless you are on 64 bits and have lots of
                        memory with a small scale - you can easily consume
@@ -111,7 +104,7 @@
                        speedtest]
 
 
-$ python3 speedtest.py --tests-detail
+$ python3 -m apsw.speedtest --tests-detail
 bigstmt:
 
   Supplies the SQL as a single string consisting of multiple
@@ -157,20 +150,26 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Benchmarking</a><ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#speedtest">speedtest</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
 
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="pysqlite.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">pysqlite differences</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="copyright.html"
-                        title="next chapter">Copyright and License</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="pysqlite.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">sqlite3 module differences</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="copyright.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Copyright and License</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -205,17 +204,17 @@
           <a href="copyright.html" title="Copyright and License"
              >next</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
-          <a href="pysqlite.html" title="pysqlite differences"
+          <a href="pysqlite.html" title="sqlite3 module differences"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Benchmarking</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/blob.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/blob.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/blob.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/blob.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>Blob Input/Output &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Blob Input/Output &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="cursor.html" title="Cursors (executing SQL)"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Blob Input/Output</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="blob-input-output">
-<span id="blobio"></span><h1>Blob Input/Output<a class="headerlink" href="#blob-input-output" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<span id="blobio"></span><h1>Blob Input/Output<a class="headerlink" href="#blob-input-output" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p>A <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_large_object">blob</a> is a
 SQLite <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/datatype3.html">datatype</a> representing
 a sequence of bytes.  It can be zero or more bytes in size.</p>
@@ -64,10 +66,10 @@
 <p>An alternate approach to using blobs is to store the data in files and
 store the filename in the database.  Doing so loses the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/transactional.html">ACID</a> properties of SQLite.</p>
 <section id="zeroblob-class">
-<h2>zeroblob class<a class="headerlink" href="#zeroblob-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>zeroblob class<a class="headerlink" href="#zeroblob-class" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <dl class="py class">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.zeroblob">
-<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">zeroblob</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">size</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.zeroblob" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">zeroblob</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">size</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.zeroblob" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>If you want to insert a blob into a row, you previously needed to
 supply the entire blob in one go.  To read just one byte also
 required retrieving the blob in its entirety. For example to insert
@@ -88,19 +90,24 @@
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>This class is used for the second way.  Once a blob exists in the
-database, you then use the <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blob</span></code> class to read and write its
+database, you then use the <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob" title="apsw.Blob"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob</span></code></a> class to read and write its
 contents.</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>size</strong> – Number of zeroed bytes to create</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.zeroblob.length">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">zeroblob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">length</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.zeroblob.length" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">zeroblob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">length</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.zeroblob.length" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Size of zero blob in bytes.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 </section>
 <section id="blob-class">
-<h2>Blob class<a class="headerlink" href="#blob-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Blob class<a class="headerlink" href="#blob-class" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <dl class="py class">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Blob">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Blob</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
@@ -113,15 +120,15 @@
 create it with the correct size in advance either by using
 <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.zeroblob" title="apsw.zeroblob"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zeroblob</span></code></a> or the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/lang_corefunc.html">zeroblob()</a> function.</p>
 </div>
-<p>See the <a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-blobio"><span class="std std-ref">example</span></a>.</p>
+<p>See the <a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-blob-io"><span class="std std-ref">example</span></a>.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Blob.__enter__">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__enter__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob" title="apsw.Blob"><span class="pre">Blob</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.__enter__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>You can use a blob as a <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html#with-statement-context-managers">context manager</a>
-as defined in <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0343"><strong>PEP 0343</strong></a>.  When you use <em>with</em> statement,
-the blob is always <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">closed</span></code> on exit from the block, even if an
+as defined in <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0343/"><strong>PEP 0343</strong></a>.  When you use <em>with</em> statement,
+the blob is always <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.close" title="apsw.Blob.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">closed</span></code></a> on exit from the block, even if an
 exception occurred in the block.</p>
 <p>For example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">blobopen</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">blob</span><span class="p">:</span>
@@ -133,28 +140,28 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Blob.__exit__">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__exit__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Literal</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="k"><span class="pre">False</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.__exit__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__exit__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">etype</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#type" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">type</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#BaseException" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">evalue</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#BaseException" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">etraceback</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/types.html#types.TracebackType" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">types.TracebackType</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.__exit__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Implements context manager in conjunction with
-<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__enter__()</span></code>.  Any exception that happened in the
+<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.__enter__" title="apsw.Blob.__enter__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__enter__()</span></code></a>.  Any exception that happened in the
 <em>with</em> block is raised after closing the blob.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Blob.close">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">close</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">force</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">close</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">force</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Closes the blob.  Note that even if an error occurs the blob is
 still closed.</p>
 <div class="admonition note">
 <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
 <p>In some cases errors that technically occurred in the
-<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">read()</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code> routines may not be
+<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.read" title="apsw.Blob.read"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">read()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.write" title="apsw.Blob.write"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code></a> routines may not be
 reported until close is called.  Similarly errors that occurred
-in those methods (eg calling <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code> on a read-only
-blob) may also be re-reported in <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code>.  (This
+in those methods (eg calling <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.write" title="apsw.Blob.write"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code></a> on a read-only
+blob) may also be re-reported in <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.close" title="apsw.Blob.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a>.  (This
 behaviour is what the underlying SQLite APIs do - it is not APSW
 doing it.)</p>
 </div>
-<p>It is okay to call <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code> multiple times.</p>
+<p>It is okay to call <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.close" title="apsw.Blob.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> multiple times.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
 <dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>force</strong> – Ignores any errors during close.</p>
@@ -165,14 +172,14 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Blob.length">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">length</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.length" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">length</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.length" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the size of the blob in bytes.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_bytes.html">sqlite3_blob_bytes</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Blob.read">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">length</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">bytes</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.read" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">length</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bytes</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.read" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Reads amount of data requested, or till end of file, whichever is
 earlier. Attempting to read beyond the end of the blob returns an
 empty bytes in the same manner as end of file on normal file
@@ -182,23 +189,23 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Blob.readinto">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">readinto</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">buffer</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">bytearray</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">array</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Any</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">memoryview</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">offset</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">length</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.readinto" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">readinto</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">buffer</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/array.html#array.array" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">array.array</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Any</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#memoryview" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">memoryview</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">offset</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">length</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.readinto" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Reads from the blob into a buffer you have supplied.  This method is
 useful if you already have a buffer like object that data is being
-assembled in, and avoids allocating results in <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blob.read()</span></code> and
+assembled in, and avoids allocating results in <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.read" title="apsw.Blob.read"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob.read()</span></code></a> and
 then copying into buffer.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
 <dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
 <li><p><strong>buffer</strong> – A writable buffer like object.
 There is a bytearray type that is very useful.
-<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array.array</span></code> also works.</p></li>
+<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/array.html">arrays</a> also work.</p></li>
 <li><p><strong>offset</strong> – The position to start writing into the buffer
 defaulting to the beginning.</p></li>
 <li><p><strong>length</strong> – How much of the blob to read.  The default is the
 remaining space left in the buffer.  Note that if
 there is more space available than blob left then you
-will get a <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code> exception.</p></li>
+will get a <em>ValueError</em> exception.</p></li>
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
@@ -207,7 +214,7 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-5"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Blob.reopen">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">reopen</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">rowid</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.reopen" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">reopen</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">rowid</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.reopen" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Change this blob object to point to a different row.  It can be
 faster than closing an existing blob an opening a new one.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_reopen.html">sqlite3_blob_reopen</a></p>
@@ -215,7 +222,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Blob.seek">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">seek</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">offset</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">whence</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.seek" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">seek</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">offset</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">whence</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.seek" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Changes current position to <em>offset</em> biased by <em>whence</em>.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
@@ -227,20 +234,20 @@
 </ul>
 </dd>
 <dt class="field-even">Raises</dt>
-<dd class="field-even"><p><strong>ValueError</strong> – If the resulting offset is before the beginning (less than zero) or beyond the end of the blob.</p>
+<dd class="field-even"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ValueError" title="(in Python v3.11)"><strong>ValueError</strong></a> – If the resulting offset is before the beginning (less than zero) or beyond the end of the blob.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Blob.tell">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tell</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.tell" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tell</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.tell" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the current offset.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <span class="target" id="index-6"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Blob.write">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">write</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bytes</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.write" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Blob.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">write</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bytes</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Blob.write" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Writes the data to the blob.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
@@ -248,8 +255,8 @@
 </dd>
 <dt class="field-even">Raises</dt>
 <dd class="field-even"><ul class="simple">
-<li><p><strong>TypeError</strong> – Wrong data type</p></li>
-<li><p><strong>ValueError</strong> – If the data would go beyond the end of the blob.
+<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="(in Python v3.11)"><strong>TypeError</strong></a> – Wrong data type</p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ValueError" title="(in Python v3.11)"><strong>ValueError</strong></a> – If the data would go beyond the end of the blob.
 You cannot increase the size of a blob by writing beyond the end.
 You need to use <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.zeroblob" title="apsw.zeroblob"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zeroblob</span></code></a> to set the desired size first when
 inserting the blob.</p></li>
@@ -269,21 +276,48 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Blob Input/Output</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#zeroblob-class">zeroblob class</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#blob-class">Blob class</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#zeroblob-class">zeroblob class</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.zeroblob"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zeroblob</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.zeroblob.length"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zeroblob.length()</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#blob-class">Blob class</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.__enter__"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob.__enter__()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.__exit__"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob.__exit__()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.close"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob.close()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.length"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob.length()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.read"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob.read()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.readinto"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob.readinto()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.reopen"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob.reopen()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.seek"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob.seek()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.tell"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob.tell()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Blob.write"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob.write()</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
 
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="cursor.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">Cursors (executing SQL)</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="backup.html"
-                        title="next chapter">Backup</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="cursor.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">Cursors (executing SQL)</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="backup.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Backup</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -300,7 +334,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -320,15 +354,15 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="cursor.html" title="Cursors (executing SQL)"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Blob Input/Output</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/build.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/build.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/build.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/build.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>Building &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Building &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="download.html" title="Download"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Building</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,11 +56,11 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="building">
-<span id="id1"></span><h1>Building<a class="headerlink" href="#building" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<span id="id1"></span><h1>Building<a class="headerlink" href="#building" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p>See <a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#version-stuff"><span class="std std-ref">version info</span></a> to understand the
 relationship between Python, APSW, and SQLite versions.</p>
 <section id="setup-py">
-<h2>setup.py<a class="headerlink" href="#setup-py" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>setup.py<a class="headerlink" href="#setup-py" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Short story: You run <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code> but you should ideally follow
 the <a class="reference internal" href="#recommended-build"><span class="std std-ref">recommended way</span></a> which will also fetch
 needed components for you.</p>
@@ -81,23 +83,23 @@
 site library directory and then runs the test suite.</p></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line-block">
-<div class="line">python setup.py install <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--user</span></code></div>
+<div class="line">python setup.py install <strong>–user</strong></div>
 </div>
 </td>
 <td><p>Compiles APSW with default Python
 compiler and installs it into a subdirectory of your home directory.
-See <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0370"><strong>PEP 370</strong></a> for more details.</p></td>
+See <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0370/"><strong>PEP 370</strong></a> for more details.</p></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line-block">
-<div class="line">python setup.py build_ext <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--force</span></code>
-<code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--inplace</span></code> test</div>
+<div class="line">python setup.py build_ext <strong>–force</strong>
+<strong>–inplace</strong> test</div>
 </div>
 </td>
 <td><p>Compiles the extension but doesn’t install it.  The test suite is then
 run.</p></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line-block">
-<div class="line">python setup.py build <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--debug</span></code> install</div>
+<div class="line">python setup.py build <strong>–debug</strong> install</div>
 </div>
 </td>
 <td><p>Compiles APSW with debug information.  This also turns on <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assert.h">assertions</a>
@@ -109,17 +111,13 @@
 </table>
 </section>
 <section id="additional-setup-py-flags">
-<span id="setup-py-flags"></span><h2>Additional <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code> flags<a class="headerlink" href="#additional-setup-py-flags" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="setup-py-flags"></span><h2>Additional <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code> flags<a class="headerlink" href="#additional-setup-py-flags" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>There are a number of APSW specific flags to commands you can specify.</p>
 <section id="fetch">
-<h3>fetch<a class="headerlink" href="#fetch" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<h3>fetch<a class="headerlink" href="#fetch" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
 <p><code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code> can automatically fetch SQLite and other optional
-components.  You can set the environment variable <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http_proxy</span></code>
-to control proxy usage for the download. <strong>Note</strong> the files downloaded
-are modified from their originals to ensure various names do not
-clash, adjust them to the download platform and to graft them cleanly
-into the APSW module.  You should not commit them to source code
-control systems (download separately if you need clean files).</p>
+components.  You can set the environment variable <em>http_proxy</em>
+to control proxy usage for the download.</p>
 <p>If any files are downloaded then the build step will automatically use
 them.  This still applies when you do later builds without
 re-fetching.</p>
@@ -140,7 +138,7 @@
 </thead>
 <tbody>
 <tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line-block">
-<div class="line"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--version=VERSION</span></code></div>
+<div class="line"><strong>–version=VERSION</strong></div>
 </div>
 </td>
 <td><p>By default the SQLite version corresponding to the APSW release is retrieved,  You
@@ -148,26 +146,26 @@
 page to work out the most recent version.</p></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line-block">
-<div class="line"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--missing-checksum-ok</span></code></div>
+<div class="line"><strong>–missing-checksum-ok</strong></div>
 </div>
 </td>
 <td><p>Allows setup to continue if the <a class="reference internal" href="#fetch-checksums"><span class="std std-ref">checksum</span></a> is missing.</p></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line-block">
-<div class="line"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--all</span></code></div>
+<div class="line"><strong>–all</strong></div>
 </div>
 </td>
 <td><p>Gets all components listed below.</p></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line-block">
-<div class="line"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--sqlite</span></code></div>
+<div class="line"><strong>–sqlite</strong></div>
 </div>
 </td>
 <td><p>Automatically downloads the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/amalgamation.html">SQLite amalgamation</a>. The amalgamation is the
 preferred way to use SQLite as you have total control over what components are
 included or excluded (see below) and have no dependencies on any existing
 libraries on your developer or deployment machines. The amalgamation includes the
-fts3/4/5, rtree, json1 and icu extensions. On non-Windows platforms, any existing
+fts3/4/5, rtree, json1 and icu extensions. Nny existing
 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite3/</span></code> directory will be erased and the downloaded code placed in a newly
 created <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite3/</span></code> directory.</p></td>
 </tr>
@@ -187,7 +185,7 @@
 (setup only uses the page to determine the current version number -
 the SQLite download site URL is hard coded.)</p>
 <p>If the URL is not listed in the checksums file then setup aborts.
-You can use <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--missing-checksum-ok</span></code> to continue.  You are
+You can use <strong>–missing-checksum-ok</strong> to continue.  You are
 recommended instead to update the checksums file with the
 correct information.</p>
 </div>
@@ -217,21 +215,24 @@
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="build-build-ext">
-<span id="setup-build-flags"></span><h3>build/build_ext<a class="headerlink" href="#build-build-ext" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<span id="setup-build-flags"></span><h3>build/build_ext<a class="headerlink" href="#build-build-ext" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
 <p>You can enable or omit certain functionality by specifying flags to
-the build and/or build_ext commands of <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code>.</p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><div class="line-block">
-<div class="line">python setup.py build <em>options</em></div>
+the build and/or build_ext commands of <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code>:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">build</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">options</span><span class="o">*</span>
+</pre></div>
 </div>
-</div></blockquote>
 <p>Note that the options do not accumulate.  If you want to specify multiple enables or omits then you
 need to give the flag once and giving a comma separated list.  For example:</p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><div class="line-block">
-<div class="line">python setup.py build <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--enable=fts3,fts3_parenthesis,rtree,icu</span></code></div>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">build</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">enable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fts3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">fts3_parenthesis</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">rtree</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">icu</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>SQLite includes <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/compile.html">many options defined to the C compiler</a>.  If you want to change
+compiled in default values, or provide defines like
+SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE then you can use <strong>–definevalues</strong> using
+<cite>=</cite> and comma separating.  For example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">build_ext</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">definevalues</span> <span class="n">SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">config</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">h</span>
+</pre></div>
 </div>
-</div></blockquote>
 <table class="docutils align-default">
 <colgroup>
 <col style="width: 32%" />
@@ -244,16 +245,16 @@
 </thead>
 <tbody>
 <tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line-block">
-<div class="line"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--enable-all-extensions</span></code></div>
+<div class="line"><strong>–enable-all-extensions</strong></div>
 </div>
 </td>
 <td><p>Enables the STAT4, FTS3/4/5, RTree, JSON1, RBU, and ICU extensions if <em>icu-config</em>
 is on your path</p></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line-block">
-<div class="line"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--enable=fts3</span></code></div>
-<div class="line"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--enable=fts4</span></code></div>
-<div class="line"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--enable=fts5</span></code></div>
+<div class="line"><strong>–enable=fts3</strong></div>
+<div class="line"><strong>–enable=fts4</strong></div>
+<div class="line"><strong>–enable=fts5</strong></div>
 </div>
 </td>
 <td><p>Enables the <a class="reference internal" href="extensions.html#ext-fts3"><span class="std std-ref">full text search extension</span></a>.
@@ -263,7 +264,7 @@
 legacy code (<cite>–enable-all-extensions</cite> turns it on).</p></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line-block">
-<div class="line"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--enable=rtree</span></code></div>
+<div class="line"><strong>–enable=rtree</strong></div>
 </div>
 </td>
 <td><p>Enables the <a class="reference internal" href="extensions.html#ext-rtree"><span class="std std-ref">spatial table extension</span></a>.
@@ -272,7 +273,7 @@
 install.</p></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line-block">
-<div class="line"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--enable=rbu</span></code></div>
+<div class="line"><strong>–enable=rbu</strong></div>
 </div>
 </td>
 <td><p>Enables the <a class="reference internal" href="extensions.html#ext-rbu"><span class="std std-ref">reumable bulk update extension</span></a>.
@@ -281,7 +282,7 @@
 install.</p></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-even"><td><div class="line-block">
-<div class="line"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--enable=icu</span></code></div>
+<div class="line"><strong>–enable=icu</strong></div>
 </div>
 </td>
 <td><p>Enables the <a class="reference internal" href="extensions.html#ext-icu"><span class="std std-ref">International Components for Unicode extension</span></a>.
@@ -292,11 +293,11 @@
 install.</p></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-odd"><td><div class="line-block">
-<div class="line"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--omit=ITEM</span></code></div>
+<div class="line"><strong>–omit=ITEM</strong></div>
 </div>
 </td>
 <td><p>Causes various functionality to be omitted. For example
-<code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--omit=load_extension</span></code> will omit code to do with loading extensions. If
+<cite>–omit=load_extension</cite> will omit code to do with loading extensions. If
 using the amalgamation then this will omit the functionality from APSW and
 SQLite, otherwise the functionality will only be omitted from APSW (ie the code
 will still be in SQLite, APSW just won’t call it). In almost all cases you will need
@@ -305,25 +306,36 @@
 </tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p>Extension loading is enabled by default when using the amalgamation
-and disabled when using existing libraries as this most closely
-matches current practise.  Use <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--omit=load_extension</span></code> or
-<code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--enable=load_extension</span></code> to explicitly disable/enable the
-extension loading code.</p>
-</div>
 </section>
 </section>
+<section id="matching-apsw-and-sqlite-options">
+<span id="matching-sqlite-options"></span><h2>Matching APSW and SQLite options<a class="headerlink" href="#matching-apsw-and-sqlite-options" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>APSW needs to see the same options as SQLite to correctly match it.
+For example if SQLite is compiled without loadable extensions, then
+APSW also needs to know that at compile time because the APIs won’t be
+present.  Another example is <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.description_full" title="apsw.Cursor.description_full"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.description_full</span></code></a> needs to
+know if <cite>SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA</cite> was defined when building
+SQLite for the same reason.</p>
+<p>If you use the amalgamation (recommended configuration) then APSW and
+SQLite will see the same options and will be correctly in sync.</p>
+<p>If you are using the system provided SQLite then specify
+<cite>–use-system-sqlite-config</cite> to <cite>build_ext</cite>, and the configuration
+will be automatically obtained (using <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html?highlight=find_library#ctypes.util.find_library">ctypes find_library</a>)</p>
+<p>You can use the amalgamation and <cite>–use-system-sqlite-config</cite>
+simultaneously in which case the amalgamation will have an identical
+configuration to the system one.  This is useful if you are using a
+newer SQLite version in the amalgamation, but still want to match the
+system.</p>
+</section>
 <section id="finding-sqlite-3">
-<h2>Finding SQLite 3<a class="headerlink" href="#finding-sqlite-3" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Finding SQLite 3<a class="headerlink" href="#finding-sqlite-3" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>SQLite 3 is needed during the build process. If you specify
-<code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fetch</span> <span class="pre">--sqlite</span></code> to the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code> command line
+<strong>fetch –sqlite</strong> to the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code> command line
 then it will automatically fetch the current version of the SQLite
 amalgamation. (The current version is determined by parsing the
 <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/download.html">SQLite download page</a>). You
 can manually specify the version, for example
-<code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fetch</span> <span class="pre">--sqlite</span> <span class="pre">--version=3.7.4</span></code>.</p>
+<strong>fetch –sqlite –version=3.39.4</strong>.</p>
 <p>These methods are tried in order:</p>
 <blockquote>
 <div><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/amalgamation.html">Amalgamation</a></p>
@@ -332,7 +344,7 @@
 looked for. The SQLite code is then statically compiled into the
 APSW extension and is invisible to the rest of the
 process. There are no runtime library dependencies on SQLite as
-a result.  When you use <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fetch</span></code> this is where it places
+a result.  When you use <strong>fetch</strong> this is where it places
 the downloaded amalgamation.</p>
 </div></blockquote>
 <p>Local build</p>
@@ -341,8 +353,8 @@
 </div></blockquote>
 <p>User directories</p>
 <blockquote>
-<div><p>If specifying <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--user</span></code> then your user directory is
-searched first. See <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0370"><strong>PEP 370</strong></a> for more details.</p>
+<div><p>If specifying <strong>–user</strong> then your user directory is
+searched first. See <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0370/"><strong>PEP 370</strong></a> for more details.</p>
 </div></blockquote>
 <p>System directories</p>
 <blockquote>
@@ -352,13 +364,13 @@
 <div class="admonition note">
 <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
 <p>If you compiled SQLite with any OMIT flags (eg
-<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION</span></code>) then you must include them in
+<em>SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION</em>) then you must include them in
 the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code> command or file. For this example you could use
-<code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span> <span class="pre">build</span> <span class="pre">--omit=load_extension</span></code> to add the same flags.</p>
+<strong>setup.py build –omit=load_extension</strong> to add the same flags.</p>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="recommended">
-<span id="recommended-build"></span><h2>Recommended<a class="headerlink" href="#recommended" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="recommended-build"></span><h2>Recommended<a class="headerlink" href="#recommended" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>These instructions show how to build automatically downloading and
 using the amalgamation plus other <a class="reference internal" href="extensions.html#extensions"><span class="std std-ref">Extensions</span></a>. Any existing SQLite on
 your system is ignored at build time and runtime. (Note that you can
@@ -381,18 +393,17 @@
 <p>There may be some warnings during the compilation step about
 sqlite3.c, <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/faq.html#q17">but they are harmless</a></p>
 </div>
-<p>The extension just turns into a single file apsw.so (Linux/Mac) or
-apsw.pyd (Windows). (More complicated name on Pythons implementing
-<span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3149"><strong>PEP 3149</strong></a>). You don’t need to install it and can drop it into any
-directory that is more convenient for you and that your code can
-reach. To just do the build and not install, leave out <em>install</em> from
-the lines above. (Use <em>build_ext –inplace</em> to have the extension put
-in the main directory.)</p>
+<p>The extension just turns into a single directory <cite>apsw</cite>. You don’t
+need to install it and can drop it into any directory that is more
+convenient for you and that your code can reach. To just do the build
+and not install, leave out <em>install</em> from the lines above. (Use
+<em>build_ext –inplace</em> to have the extension put in the main
+directory.)</p>
 <p>The test suite will be run. It will print the APSW file used, APSW and
 SQLite versions and then run lots of tests all of which should pass.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="source-distribution-advanced">
-<h2>Source distribution (advanced)<a class="headerlink" href="#source-distribution-advanced" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Source distribution (advanced)<a class="headerlink" href="#source-distribution-advanced" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>If you want to make a source distribution or a binary distribution
 that creates an intermediate source distribution such as <cite>bdist_rpm</cite>
 then you can have the SQLite amalgamation automatically included as
@@ -406,25 +417,23 @@
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="testing">
-<h2>Testing<a class="headerlink" href="#testing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="id2"></span><h2>Testing<a class="headerlink" href="#testing" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>SQLite itself is <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/testing.html">extensively tested</a>. It has considerably more code
 dedicated to testing than makes up the actual database functionality.</p>
-<p>APSW includes a <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tests.py</span></code> file which uses the standard Python
-testing modules to verify correct operation. New code is developed
-alongside the tests. Reported issues also have test cases to ensure
-the issue doesn’t happen or doesn’t happen again.:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ python3 setup.py test
-running test
-                Python  /usr/bin/python3 sys.version_info(major=3, minor=9, micro=7, releaselevel=&#39;final&#39;, serial=0)
-Testing with APSW file  /space/apsw/apsw.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
-          APSW version  3.38.0-r1
-    SQLite lib version  3.38.0
-SQLite headers version  3038000
+<p>APSW includes tests which use the standard Python testing modules to
+verify correct operation. New code is developed alongside the tests.
+Reported issues also have test cases to ensure the issue doesn’t
+happen or doesn’t happen again.:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ python3 -m apsw.tests
+                Python  /usr/bin/python3 sys.version_info(major=3, minor=10, micro=4, releaselevel=&#39;final&#39;, serial=0)
+Testing with APSW file  /space/apsw/apsw/__init__.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
+          APSW version  3.39.2.0
+    SQLite lib version  3.39.2
+SQLite headers version  3039002
     Using amalgamation  True
-
-..............................................................................................
+...............................................................................................
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-Ran 94 tests in 27.713s
+Ran 95 tests in 25.990s
 
 OK
 </pre></div>
@@ -440,11 +449,12 @@
 running the test suite. The test suite is run multiple times to make
 any memory leaks or similar issues stand out. A checking version of
 Python is also used.  See <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/blob/master/tools/valgrind.sh">tools/valgrind.sh</a> in the source.
-The same testing is also done with the compiler’s sanitizer option.</p>
+The same testing is also done with the <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AddressSanitizer">compiler’s sanitizer option</a>.</p>
 <p>To ensure compatibility with the various Python versions, a script
 downloads and compiles all supported Python versions in both debug and
-release configurations against the APSW and SQLite supported versions
-running the tests. See <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/blob/master/tools/megatest.py">tools/megatest.py</a> in the source.</p>
+release configurations (and 32 and 64 bit) against the APSW and SQLite
+supported versions running the tests. See <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/blob/master/tools/megatest.py">tools/megatest.py</a>
+in the source.</p>
 <p>In short both SQLite and APSW have a lot of testing!</p>
 </section>
 </section>
@@ -456,8 +466,9 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Building</a><ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#setup-py">setup.py</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#additional-setup-py-flags">Additional <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code> flags</a><ul>
@@ -465,6 +476,7 @@
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#build-build-ext">build/build_ext</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#matching-apsw-and-sqlite-options">Matching APSW and SQLite options</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#finding-sqlite-3">Finding SQLite 3</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#recommended">Recommended</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#source-distribution-advanced">Source distribution (advanced)</a></li>
@@ -473,12 +485,17 @@
 </li>
 </ul>
 
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="download.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">Download</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="extensions.html"
-                        title="next chapter">Extensions</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="download.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">Download</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="extensions.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Extensions</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -495,7 +512,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -515,15 +532,15 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="download.html" title="Download"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Building</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/.buildinfo python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/.buildinfo
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/.buildinfo	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/.buildinfo	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 # Sphinx build info version 1
 # This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done.
-config: 5f0c7c19aa886c8b92671251b09c49b1
+config: fbb83879407b6746f77ab64eac01b3d4
 tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/changes.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/changes.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/changes.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/changes.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>Change History &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Change History &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="copyright.html" title="Copyright and License"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Change History</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -50,9 +52,89 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="change-history">
-<h1>Change History<a class="headerlink" href="#change-history" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<h1>Change History<a class="headerlink" href="#change-history" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <section id="id1">
-<h2>3.39.2.0<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>3.40.0.0<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Fixed regression in statement cache update (version 3.38.1-r1) where
+trailing whitespace in queries would be incorrectly treated as
+incomplete execution (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/376">APSW issue 376</a>)</p>
+<p>Added <a class="reference internal" href="ext.html"><span class="doc">Various interesting and useful bits of functionality</span></a> (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/369">APSW issue 369</a>)</p>
+<p>Added more Pythonic attributes as an alternative to getters and
+setters, including <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.in_transaction" title="apsw.Connection.in_transaction"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.in_transaction</span></code></a>,
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.exectrace" title="apsw.Connection.exectrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.exectrace</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.rowtrace" title="apsw.Connection.rowtrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.rowtrace</span></code></a>,
+<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.exectrace" title="apsw.Cursor.exectrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.exectrace</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.rowtrace" title="apsw.Cursor.rowtrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.rowtrace</span></code></a>,
+<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.connection" title="apsw.Cursor.connection"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.connection</span></code></a> (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/371">APSW issue 371</a>)</p>
+<p>Completed: To the extent permitted by CPython APIs every item has the
+same docstring as this documentation.  Every API can use named
+parameters.  The <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/blob/master/apsw/__init__.pyi">type stubs</a>
+cover everything including constants.  The type stubs also include
+documentation for everything, which for example Visual Studio Code
+displays as you type or hover.  There is a single source of
+documentation in the source code, which is then automatically
+extracted to make this documentation, docstrings, and docstrings in
+the type stubs.</p>
+<p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html"><span class="doc">Example/Tour</span></a> updated and appearance improved (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/367">APSW issue 367</a>).</p>
+</section>
+<section id="id2">
+<h2>3.39.4.0<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Added <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.cache_stats" title="apsw.Connection.cache_stats"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.cache_stats()</span></code></a> to provide more information about
+the statement cache.</p>
+<p><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.execute()</span></code></a> now uses <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite_prepare_v3</a> which allows supplying
+<a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.htm">flags</a>.</p>
+<p><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.execute()</span></code></a> has a new <cite>can_cache</cite> parameter to control
+whether the query can use the statement cache.  One example use is
+with <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.setauthorizer" title="apsw.Connection.setauthorizer"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">authorizers</span></code></a> because they only
+run during prepare, which doesn’t happen with already cached
+statements.</p>
+<p>(The <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.execute()</span></code></a> additional parameters are keyword only and
+also present in <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.executemany" title="apsw.Cursor.executemany"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.executemany()</span></code></a>, and the corresponding
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.execute" title="apsw.Connection.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.execute()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.executemany" title="apsw.Connection.executemany"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.executemany()</span></code></a>
+methods.)</p>
+<p>Added <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.is_readonly" title="apsw.Cursor.is_readonly"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.is_readonly</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.is_explain" title="apsw.Cursor.is_explain"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.is_explain</span></code></a>, and
+<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.expanded_sql" title="apsw.Cursor.expanded_sql"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.expanded_sql</span></code></a>.</p>
+<p>Updated processing named bindings so that types registered with
+<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Mapping" title="(in Python v3.11)"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">collections.abc.Mapping</span></code></a> (such as
+<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.UserDict" title="(in Python v3.11)"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">collections.UserDict</span></code></a>) will also be treated as dictionaries.
+(<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/373">APSW issue 373</a>)</p>
+</section>
+<section id="id3">
+<h2>3.39.3.0<a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Test no longer fails if APSW was compiled without
+SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA but sqlite3 was separately compiled with
+it.  APSW should be compiled with the same flags as sqlite3 to match
+functionality and APIs. (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/363">APSW issue 363</a>)</p>
+<p><cite>–use-system-sqlite-config</cite> setup.py <cite>build_ext</cite> option added to
+allow <a class="reference internal" href="build.html#matching-sqlite-options"><span class="std std-ref">Matching APSW and SQLite options</span></a>. (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/364">APSW issue 364</a>)</p>
+</section>
+<section id="id4">
+<h2>3.39.2.1<a class="headerlink" href="#id4" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>PyPI now includes Python 3.11 builds.</p>
+<p>Instead of using scripts, you can now run several tools directly:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="build.html#testing"><span class="std std-ref">tests</span></a>:  python3 <strong>-m apsw.tests</strong> <em>[options]</em></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#apswtrace"><span class="std std-ref">tracer</span></a>:  python3 <strong>-m apsw.trace</strong> <em>[options]</em></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="benchmarking.html#speedtest"><span class="std std-ref">speed tester</span></a>:  python3 <strong>-m apsw.speedtest</strong> <em>[options]</em></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="shell.html#shell"><span class="std std-ref">shell</span></a>:  python3 <strong>-m apsw</strong> <em>[options]</em></p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>The shell class has moved from apsw.Shell to <a class="reference internal" href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell" title="apsw.shell.Shell"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.shell.Shell</span></code></a>
+(<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/356">APSW issue 356</a>).  You can still reference it via the old name (ie
+existing code will not break, except on Python 3.6).</p>
+<p><a class="reference internal" href="shell.html#shell"><span class="std std-ref">Shell</span></a>: On Windows the native console support for colour is now used
+(previously a third party module was supported).</p>
+<p>You <a class="reference internal" href="build.html#setup-build-flags"><span class="std std-ref">can use –definevalues in setup.py build_ext</span></a> to provide compiler defines used for configuring
+SQLite. (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/357">APSW issue 357</a>)</p>
+<p>If SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA is enabled then
+<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.description_full" title="apsw.Cursor.description_full"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.description_full</span></code></a> is available providing all the column
+metadata available. (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/354">APSW issue 354</a>)</p>
+<p><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.cursor_factory" title="apsw.Connection.cursor_factory"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.cursor_factory</span></code></a> attribute is now present and is used
+when <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.cursor" title="apsw.Connection.cursor"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.cursor()</span></code></a> is called.  Added
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.execute" title="apsw.Connection.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.execute()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.executemany" title="apsw.Connection.executemany"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.executemany()</span></code></a> which
+automatically obtain the underlying cursor.  See <a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#customizing-connection-cursor"><span class="std std-ref">customizing
+connections and cursors</span></a> in the
+<a class="reference internal" href="tips.html"><span class="doc">Tips</span></a>.  (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/361">APSW issue 361</a>)</p>
+</section>
+<section id="id5">
+<h2>3.39.2.0<a class="headerlink" href="#id5" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p><strong>Version numbering scheme change:</strong> Instead of a <em>-r1</em> style suffix,
 there is <em>.0</em> style suffix (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/340">APSW issue 340</a>)</p>
 <p>Updated building for PyPI to include more compiled platforms,
@@ -68,7 +150,7 @@
 <p>Added <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.db_names" title="apsw.Connection.db_names"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.db_names()</span></code></a> (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/343">APSW issue 343</a>)</p>
 </section>
 <section id="r1">
-<h2>3.38.5-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#r1" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>3.38.5-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#r1" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>APSW is now on PyPI, so you can:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">apsw</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -81,8 +163,8 @@
 <p>Python 3.11 (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/326">APSW issue 326</a>) now works.</p>
 <p>PyPy3 compiles and mostly works (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/323">APSW issue 323</a>).</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id2">
-<h2>3.38.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id6">
+<h2>3.38.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id6" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>All items now have full docstrings including type information.
 (Previously just one line summaries).  Note the C implemented
 functions and data (ie almost all of APSW) can’t provide the same
@@ -103,8 +185,8 @@
 <li><p>SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET, SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT</p></li>
 </ul>
 </section>
-<section id="id3">
-<h2>3.37.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id7">
+<h2>3.37.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id7" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Allow breaking of reference cycles between objects that contain a
 <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor</span></code></a>, and also use callbacks from that
 object (eg busy handler). (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/314">APSW issue 314</a>)</p>
@@ -127,8 +209,8 @@
 <li><p>SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_DATATYPE, SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE</p></li>
 </ul>
 </section>
-<section id="id4">
-<h2>3.36.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id4" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id8">
+<h2>3.36.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id8" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Implemented <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.serialize" title="apsw.Connection.serialize"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.serialize()</span></code></a> and
 <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.deserialize" title="apsw.Connection.deserialize"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.deserialize()</span></code></a>.  They turn a database into bytes, and
 bytes into a database respectively.</p>
@@ -139,16 +221,16 @@
 <li><p>SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER, SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE</p></li>
 </ul>
 </section>
-<section id="id5">
-<h2>3.35.4-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id5" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id9">
+<h2>3.35.4-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id9" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Updates for SQLite download url (the year is part of the urls).</p>
 <p>Added enable flag for built-in SQL math functions, and enable it
 by default with –enable-all-extensions.</p>
 <p>Use the newer buffer API for Python 3 (old API removed in Python
 3.10).</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id6">
-<h2>3.34.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id6" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id10">
+<h2>3.34.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id10" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Windows MSI installer files are now provided in addition to the exe
 files (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/294">APSW issue 294</a>), as well as wheels for Python 3.6+.  Python 3.9
 binaries are also now available.  The wheels can be installed via pip.</p>
@@ -158,8 +240,8 @@
 <li><p>SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS</p></li>
 </ul>
 </section>
-<section id="id7">
-<h2>3.33.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id7" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id11">
+<h2>3.33.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id11" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Small performance improvement in string handling</p>
 <p>apsw module exposes Cursor, Blob, and Backup types (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/273">APSW issue 273</a>)</p>
 <p>pkg-config is used to detect <a class="reference external" href="http://userguide.icu-project.org/howtouseicu">International Components for Unicode (ICU) sdk</a> when the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact?ci=trunk&amp;filename=ext/icu/README.txt">SQLite ICU extension</a> is
@@ -169,8 +251,8 @@
 <li><p>SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL</p></li>
 </ul>
 </section>
-<section id="id8">
-<h2>3.32.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id8" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id12">
+<h2>3.32.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id12" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added constants:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>SQLITE_IOERR_DATA, SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX, SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT, SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START,
@@ -178,8 +260,8 @@
 </ul>
 <p>Minor documentation updates</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id9">
-<h2>3.31.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id9" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id13">
+<h2>3.31.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id13" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Various updates due to year change</p>
 <p>Fix deprecated universal newline use in shell (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/283">APSW issue 283</a>)</p>
 <p>Shell now uses <cite>pragma function_list</cite> to get list of functions for tab completion</p>
@@ -190,8 +272,8 @@
 SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE, SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW, SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY</p></li>
 </ul>
 </section>
-<section id="id10">
-<h2>3.30.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id10" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id14">
+<h2>3.30.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id14" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added constants:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW</p></li>
@@ -199,8 +281,8 @@
 <p>Updated hashing of SQL statements (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/274">APSW issue 274</a>)</p>
 <p>Python 3.8 Windows binaries available.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id11">
-<h2>3.29.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id11" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id15">
+<h2>3.29.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id15" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added constants:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</p></li>
@@ -208,15 +290,15 @@
 <p>Updated <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.config" title="apsw.Connection.config"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.config()</span></code></a> with all current <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html">SQLITE_DBCONFIG</a> constants. Also fixes
 <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/249">APSW issue 249</a>.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id12">
-<h2>3.28.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id12" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id16">
+<h2>3.28.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id16" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added constant:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA</p></li>
 </ul>
 </section>
-<section id="id13">
-<h2>3.27.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id13" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id17">
+<h2>3.27.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id17" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added constants:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE, SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT</p></li>
@@ -224,15 +306,15 @@
 <p>Added support for the geopoly extension (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/253">APSW issue 253</a>)</p>
 <p>Removed hash optimisation that isn’t useful any more (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/256">APSW issue 256</a>)</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id14">
-<h2>3.26.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id14" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id18">
+<h2>3.26.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id18" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added constant:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</p></li>
 </ul>
 </section>
-<section id="id15">
-<h2>3.25.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id15" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id19">
+<h2>3.25.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id19" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added constants:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION, SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL, SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT, SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION</p></li>
@@ -240,8 +322,8 @@
 <p>Shell output mode now has lines and columns for compatibility (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/214">APSW issue 214</a>)</p>
 <p>Example now runs under both Python 2 and 3.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id16">
-<h2>3.24.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id16" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id20">
+<h2>3.24.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id20" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added constants:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, and support for it in <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.config" title="apsw.Connection.config"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.config()</span></code></a></p></li>
@@ -250,23 +332,23 @@
 <p>Added <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.keywords" title="apsw.keywords"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">keywords</span></code></a> and updated the shell to use it.</p>
 <p>Python 3.7 Windows binaries are provided.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id17">
-<h2>3.23.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id17" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id21">
+<h2>3.23.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id21" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added constants:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL, SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT</p></li>
 </ul>
 </section>
-<section id="id18">
-<h2>3.22.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id18" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id22">
+<h2>3.22.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id22" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added constants:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX</p></li>
 <li><p>SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT, SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY, SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ, SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY</p></li>
 </ul>
 </section>
-<section id="id19">
-<h2>3.21.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id19" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id23">
+<h2>3.21.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id23" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added constants:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL, SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT,
@@ -281,54 +363,54 @@
 </ul>
 <p>Many spelling fixes (thanks to Edward Betts for the review)</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id20">
-<h2>3.20.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id20" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id24">
+<h2>3.20.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id24" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_enable_fkey.html">SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</a> constant.</p>
 <p>Added shell .open command (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/240">APSW issue 240</a>)</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id21">
-<h2>3.19.3-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id21" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id25">
+<h2>3.19.3-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id25" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>No APSW changes.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id22">
-<h2>3.18.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id22" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id26">
+<h2>3.18.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id26" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Updated completions in shell (eg added pragmas).</p>
 <p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/rbu.html">Resumable Bulk Update (RBU)</a>
 extension is now built by default for <a class="reference internal" href="build.html"><span class="doc">–enable-all-extensions</span></a>.</p>
 <p>Added <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.set_last_insert_rowid" title="apsw.Connection.set_last_insert_rowid"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.set_last_insert_rowid()</span></code></a>.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id23">
-<h2>3.17.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id23" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id27">
+<h2>3.17.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id27" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>No APSW changes.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id24">
-<h2>3.16.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id24" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id28">
+<h2>3.16.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id28" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Python 3.6 builds added.</p>
 <p>Added SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE and SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB constants.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id25">
-<h2>3.15.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id25" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id29">
+<h2>3.15.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id29" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>No APSW changes.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id26">
-<h2>3.15.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id26" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id30">
+<h2>3.15.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id30" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE constant.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id27">
-<h2>3.15.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id27" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id31">
+<h2>3.15.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id31" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME constant.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id28">
-<h2>3.14.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id28" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id32">
+<h2>3.14.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id32" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED and SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY constants.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id29">
-<h2>3.13.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id29" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id33">
+<h2>3.13.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id33" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION constant.</p>
 <p>Added a pip command line in the <a class="reference internal" href="download.html"><span class="doc">Download</span></a> page.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id30">
-<h2>3.12.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id30" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id34">
+<h2>3.12.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id34" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Call <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0393/#new-api">PyUnicode_READY</a> for
 Python 3.3 onwards.  Fixes <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/208">APSW issue 208</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/132">APSW issue 132</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/168">APSW issue 168</a>.</p>
 <p>SQLite 3.12 completely changed the semantics of <a class="reference internal" href="vfs.html#apsw.VFS.xGetLastError" title="apsw.VFS.xGetLastError"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xGetLastError()</span></code></a> in an
@@ -341,16 +423,16 @@
 constants.</p>
 <p>Added support for SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL in <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.config" title="apsw.config"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.config()</span></code></a>.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id31">
-<h2>3.11.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id31" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id35">
+<h2>3.11.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id35" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>setup.py attempts to use setuptools if present, before falling back to
 distutils. This allows setuptools only commands such as bdist_wheel to work. You
 can force use of distutils by setting the environment variable
 APSW_FORCE_DISTUTILS to any value. Note that setuptools may also affect the
 output file names. (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/207">APSW issue 207</a>)</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id32">
-<h2>3.11.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id32" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id36">
+<h2>3.11.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id36" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>The shell dump command now outputs the page size and user version.  They were
 both output before as comments.</p>
 <p>Updated SQLite download logic for 2016 folder.</p>
@@ -366,13 +448,13 @@
 <p>Use <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/compile.html#enable_api_armor">SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR</a> for extra error
 checking.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id33">
-<h2>3.9.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id33" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id37">
+<h2>3.9.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id37" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE constant.</p>
 <p>Windows builds for Python 3.5 are now provided.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id34">
-<h2>3.8.11.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id34" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id38">
+<h2>3.8.11.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id38" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU and SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS constants.</p>
 <p>setup’s fetch command can now get arbitrary fossil versions.  For
 example specify <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fossil-e596a6b6</span></code>.</p>
@@ -381,15 +463,15 @@
 ValueError).</p>
 <p>Adjusted some internal detection related to the <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.fork_checker" title="apsw.fork_checker"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fork</span> <span class="pre">checker</span></code></a></p>
 </section>
-<section id="id35">
-<h2>3.8.10.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id35" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id39">
+<h2>3.8.10.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id39" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added deterministic parameter to
 <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.createscalarfunction" title="apsw.Connection.createscalarfunction"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.createscalarfunction()</span></code></a> (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/187">APSW issue 187</a>)</p>
 <p>Switched to new SQLite API returning 64 bit values for <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.status" title="apsw.status"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">status()</span></code></a>
 (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/191">APSW issue 191</a>)</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id36">
-<h2>3.8.9-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id36" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id40">
+<h2>3.8.9-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id40" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Fixed column description caching which could be preserved between
 multiple statements in the same execution (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/186">APSW issue 186</a>)</p>
 <p>Updated documentation building tool to use new database of information
@@ -405,12 +487,12 @@
 <p>Added <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#sqliteconstants"><span class="std std-ref">mappings</span></a> for conflict resolution modes,
 virtual table configuration options and xShmLock VFS flags.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id37">
-<h2>3.8.8.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id37" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id41">
+<h2>3.8.8.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id41" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>No APSW changes.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id38">
-<h2>3.8.8.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id38" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id42">
+<h2>3.8.8.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id42" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>The column description is now cached on first request during a query
 so getting it is quick if called for every row.</p>
 <p>Added SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ and SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ constants, and
@@ -418,90 +500,90 @@
 <p>Added SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE constant.</p>
 <p>Update year in various places to 2015.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id39">
-<h2>3.8.7.3-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id39" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id43">
+<h2>3.8.7.3-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id43" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>No APSW changes.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id40">
-<h2>3.8.7.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id40" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id44">
+<h2>3.8.7.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id44" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Fixed parsing of icu-config flags</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id41">
-<h2>3.8.7.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id41" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id45">
+<h2>3.8.7.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id45" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS constant</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id42">
-<h2>3.8.6-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id42" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id46">
+<h2>3.8.6-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id46" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Updated test suite for Python 3.4 unittest garbage collection changes
 (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/164">APSW issue 164</a> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/169">APSW issue 169</a>)</p>
 <p>Using the <a class="reference internal" href="build.html#recommended-build"><span class="std std-ref">recommended</span></a> build option of
 <strong>–enable-all-extensions</strong> turns on <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/compile.html#enable_stat4">STAT4</a>.  Windows binaries
 include this too.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id43">
-<h2>3.8.5-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id43" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id47">
+<h2>3.8.5-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id47" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE and SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE
 constants.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id44">
-<h2>3.8.4.3-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id44" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id48">
+<h2>3.8.4.3-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id48" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.fetchone" title="apsw.Cursor.fetchone"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.fetchone()</span></code></a></p>
 </section>
-<section id="id45">
-<h2>3.8.4.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id45" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id49">
+<h2>3.8.4.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id49" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>No APSW code changes.  Rebuild due to updated SQLite version.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id46">
-<h2>3.8.4.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id46" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id50">
+<h2>3.8.4.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id50" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Windows 64 bit binary builds for Python 3.3+ are back - thanks to
 Mike C. Fletcher for <a class="reference external" href="http://blog.vrplumber.com/b/2014/02/12/step-2-get-amd64-compatible-vs-2010/">pointing the way</a></p>
 <p>Correct detection of current SQLite version from download page for
 <a class="reference internal" href="build.html"><span class="doc">setup.py</span></a> fetch command</p>
 <p>Tested against Python 3.4 and binaries for Windows.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id47">
-<h2>3.8.3.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id47" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id51">
+<h2>3.8.3.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id51" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Updated <a class="reference internal" href="shell.html"><span class="doc">Shell</span></a> completions for keywords, functions and pragmas.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id48">
-<h2>3.8.3-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id48" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id52">
+<h2>3.8.3-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id52" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>APSW is now hosted at Github - <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw">https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw</a></p>
 <p>Added SQLITE_RECURSIVE, SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED,
 SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO, SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED and
 SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC constants.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id49">
-<h2>3.8.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id49" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id53">
+<h2>3.8.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id53" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE, SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID and
 SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE constants.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id50">
-<h2>3.8.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id50" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id54">
+<h2>3.8.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id54" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH and SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH extended
 error codes.</p>
 <p>Updated pysqlite urls to point to github.</p>
 <p>Various minor build/download documentation updates.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id51">
-<h2>3.8.0.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id51" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id55">
+<h2>3.8.0.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id55" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>No APSW code changes.  Rebuild due to updated SQLite version.</p>
 <p>Updated documentation tips to show how to <a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#diagnostics-tips"><span class="std std-ref">get detailed
 diagnostics</span></a>.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id52">
-<h2>3.8.0.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id52" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id56">
+<h2>3.8.0.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id56" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>No APSW changes.  Rebuild due to updated SQLite version.</p>
 <p>Windows binaries for Python 3.3 64 bit are no longer available as a
 Visual Studio update obliterated the ability to compile them, and I
 have no patience left to fight Microsoft’s tools.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="r2">
-<h2>3.8.0-r2<a class="headerlink" href="#r2" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>3.8.0-r2<a class="headerlink" href="#r2" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>No APSW changes - updated checksums because SQLite changed the
 released archive to address an autoconf issue on some platforms</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id53">
-<h2>3.8.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id53" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id57">
+<h2>3.8.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id57" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Windows binaries for Python 3.3 64 bit are now available after
 managing to get several pieces of Microsoft software to cooperate.</p>
 <p>Fixed shell dump issue when system routines (eg timestamp, username,
@@ -510,45 +592,45 @@
 <p>Added SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS, SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH,
 SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX and SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT constants.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id54">
-<h2>3.7.17-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id54" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id58">
+<h2>3.7.17-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id58" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Removed tests that checked directly calling VFS read/write with
 negative offsets or amounts returns errors.  This version of SQLite no
 longer returns errors in those circumstances and typically crashes
 instead.</p>
 <p>Various new constants.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id55">
-<h2>3.7.16.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id55" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id59">
+<h2>3.7.16.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id59" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>No APSW changes - just a binary rebuild.  Windows users are
 recommended to upgrade their SQLite version.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id56">
-<h2>3.7.16.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id56" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id60">
+<h2>3.7.16.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id60" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Updated tables of functions and pragmas in the <a class="reference internal" href="shell.html"><span class="doc">Shell</span></a> to match
 current SQLite version.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id57">
-<h2>3.7.16-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id57" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id61">
+<h2>3.7.16-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id61" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Adjust to different SQLite download URLs</p>
 <p>Added SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_* and SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_abort_rollback.html">extended error
 codes</a></p>
 <p>Removed CouchDB virtual table</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id58">
-<h2>3.7.15.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id58" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id62">
+<h2>3.7.15.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id62" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>No APSW changes - binary rebuild to pickup new SQLite version</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id59">
-<h2>3.7.15.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id59" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id63">
+<h2>3.7.15.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id63" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Use https (SSL) for SQLite web site references (downloads and
 documentation links).  On some platforms/versions/SSL libraries,
 Python’s SSL module <a class="reference external" href="https://www.google.com/webhp?q=python%20ssl%20EOF%20occurred%20in%20violation%20of%20protocol">doesn’t work</a>
 with the SQLite website so a fallback to http is used - the downloads
 still have their checksum verified.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id60">
-<h2>3.7.15-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id60" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id64">
+<h2>3.7.15-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id64" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Work around changed semantics for error handling when the VFS xDelete
 method is asked to delete a file that does not exist.</p>
 <p>Completely removed all <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/asyncvfs.html">AsyncVFS</a> related code.  This extension
@@ -561,8 +643,8 @@
 SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME, SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH,
 SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id61">
-<h2>3.7.14.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id61" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id65">
+<h2>3.7.14.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id65" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Updated setup and test suite so that all files are explicitly closed
 instead of relying on garbage collection.</p>
 <p>Added Windows binaries for Python 3.3.  (Only 32 bit as Python doesn’t
@@ -573,8 +655,8 @@
 shell can result in bad data or Python crashing.  The bug has been
 fixed for Python 3.3.1 which is due in November 2012.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id62">
-<h2>3.7.14-r2<a class="headerlink" href="#id62" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id66">
+<h2>3.7.14-r2<a class="headerlink" href="#id66" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Fixed an issue with the GIL in the destructor for functions.  The bug
 would be encountered if you create a function with the same name as an
 existing function and are using an upcoming version of Python (eg
@@ -582,40 +664,40 @@
 (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/134">APSW issue 134</a>).</p>
 <p>Added shell .print command to match upcoming SQLite shell changes.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id63">
-<h2>3.7.14-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id63" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id67">
+<h2>3.7.14-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id67" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added support for <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.status" title="apsw.Connection.status"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.status()</span></code></a> (calls <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/db_status.html">sqlite3_db_status</a>).</p>
 <p>The legacy Windows <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Compiled_HTML_Help">Compiled Help Format</a>
 documentation is no longer produced - the help compiler setup program
 can’t cope with modern machines.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id64">
-<h2>3.7.13-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id64" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id68">
+<h2>3.7.13-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id68" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Do not free a structure on failure to register a virtual table module
 as SQLite does that anyway.</p>
 <p>Added SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY constant.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id65">
-<h2>3.7.12.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id65" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id69">
+<h2>3.7.12.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id69" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>No changes to APSW.  Binary rebuilds due to SQLite bugfixes.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id66">
-<h2>3.7.12-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id66" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id70">
+<h2>3.7.12-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id70" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Re-enabled the asyncvfs.</p>
 <p>Added <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.description" title="apsw.Cursor.description"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.description</span></code></a> to make DB API interoperability a
 little easier (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/131">APSW issue 131</a>).</p>
 <p>Added SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE and SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR constants.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id67">
-<h2>3.7.11-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id67" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id71">
+<h2>3.7.11-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id71" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK and SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA constants.</p>
 <p>Added <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.readonly" title="apsw.Connection.readonly"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.readonly()</span></code></a>.</p>
 <p>Changed <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.filename" title="apsw.Connection.filename"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.filename</span></code></a> which used to return the string
 used to open the database and now returns the absolute pathname.</p>
 <p>Added <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.db_filename" title="apsw.Connection.db_filename"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.db_filename()</span></code></a>.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id68">
-<h2>3.7.10-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id68" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id72">
+<h2>3.7.10-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id72" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>The default sector size returned in VFS routines is 4,096 to match
 SQLite’s new default.</p>
 <p>Several links to SQLite tickets and documentation were updated
@@ -642,21 +724,21 @@
 <a class="reference internal" href="vfs.html#apsw.VFS.xOpen" title="apsw.VFS.xOpen"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xOpen()</span></code></a> are exactly what was returned from
 <a class="reference internal" href="vfs.html#apsw.VFS.xFullPathname" title="apsw.VFS.xFullPathname"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xFullPathname()</span></code></a>.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id69">
-<h2>3.7.9-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id69" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id73">
+<h2>3.7.9-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id73" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT, SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS and
 SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE constants.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id70">
-<h2>3.7.8-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id70" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id74">
+<h2>3.7.8-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id74" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Updated documentation and tests due to an undocumented change in VFS
 xDelete semantics.</p>
 <p>Added SQLITE3_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL and SQLITE3_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_chunk_size.html">file
 controls</a>.</p>
 <p>Wrapped sqlite3_sourceid (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/120">APSW issue 120</a>)</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id71">
-<h2>3.7.7.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id71" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id75">
+<h2>3.7.7.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id75" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_getmalloc.html#sqliteconfiguri">SQLITE_CONFIG_URI</a>
 and support for it in <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.config" title="apsw.config"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">config()</span></code></a>, and the open flag
 <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">SQLITE_OPEN_URI</a>.  This makes it
@@ -670,9 +752,9 @@
 and Python 2: The Python int type is returned for 64 bit integers
 instead of Python long type.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id72">
-<h2>3.7.6.3-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id72" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>When invoking the shell by calling <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.main" title="apsw.main"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.main()</span></code></a> it will not
+<section id="id76">
+<h2>3.7.6.3-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id76" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>When invoking the shell by calling <a class="reference internal" href="shell.html#apsw.shell.main" title="apsw.shell.main"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.shell.main()</span></code></a> it will not
 become interactive if you supply SQL commands as command line
 arguments.  This is to have the same behaviour as the SQLite shell
 (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/115">APSW issue 115</a>).</p>
@@ -682,8 +764,8 @@
 file automatically deducing separators, column names and data types.</p>
 <p>Detect attempted use of a cursor as input data for itself.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id73">
-<h2>3.7.6.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id73" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id77">
+<h2>3.7.6.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id77" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Fixed <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/117">APSW issue 117</a> where the
 shell could report an I/O error on changing output target for some
 operating systems.  Thanks to Edzard Pasma for finding and diagnosing
@@ -697,8 +779,8 @@
 more fine grained control over checkpointing and returns useful
 information.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id74">
-<h2>3.7.5-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id74" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id78">
+<h2>3.7.5-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id78" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Backwards incompatible change in SQLite 3.7.5 for handling of
 <a class="reference internal" href="vfs.html#apsw.VFSFile.xFileControl" title="apsw.VFSFile.xFileControl"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xFileControl()</span></code></a>.  If you implement this method in a VFS
 then you must return True or False to indicate if the operation was
@@ -708,36 +790,36 @@
 all.)</p>
 <p>Windows Python 3.2 binaries now available.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id75">
-<h2>3.7.4-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id75" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id79">
+<h2>3.7.4-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id79" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Binary downloads for Windows 64 bit Python versions 2.6 and above
 including Python 3 are now available.</p>
 <p><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.softheaplimit" title="apsw.softheaplimit"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.softheaplimit()</span></code></a> now uses <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/soft_heap_limit64.html">sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64</a> so you can
 provide values larger than 2GB.  It is now also able to return the
 previous value instead of None.</p>
 <p>Improve getting shell timer information for 64 bit Windows.</p>
-<p><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blob.reopen()</span></code> is implemented.</p>
+<p><a class="reference internal" href="blob.html#apsw.Blob.reopen" title="apsw.Blob.reopen"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob.reopen()</span></code></a> is implemented.</p>
 <p>FTS4 is enabled and in the binary builds.  Note that it is an
 augmentation of FTS3 rather than totally separate code and described
 in the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/fts3.html#fts4">SQLite documentation</a>.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id76">
-<h2>3.7.3-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id76" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id80">
+<h2>3.7.3-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id80" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>You can read blobs into pre-existing buffers using
-<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blob.readinto()</span></code>.  (This is more efficient than allocating new
-buffers as <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blob.read()</span></code> does and then copying.)  (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/109">APSW issue 109</a>).</p>
+<a class="reference internal" href="blob.html#apsw.Blob.readinto" title="apsw.Blob.readinto"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob.readinto()</span></code></a>.  (This is more efficient than allocating new
+buffers as <a class="reference internal" href="blob.html#apsw.Blob.read" title="apsw.Blob.read"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob.read()</span></code></a> does and then copying.)  (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/109">APSW issue 109</a>).</p>
 <p>Fixed bug with unicode output in CSV mode in the shell.</p>
 <p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html">sqlite_create_function_v2</a> now means that some
 housekeeping APSW did can be pushed back onto SQLite and the
 consequent deletion of some code</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id77">
-<h2>3.7.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id77" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id81">
+<h2>3.7.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id81" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>No changes to APSW.  Upgrading to this version of SQLite is
 <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/releaselog/3_7_2.html">recommended</a>.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id78">
-<h2>3.7.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id78" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id82">
+<h2>3.7.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id82" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Updated various constants including <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_chunk_size.html">SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE</a> used with
 <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.filecontrol" title="apsw.Connection.filecontrol"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.filecontrol()</span></code></a>.</p>
 <p>Fixed Unicode output with some file objects from the shell (<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/108">APSW issue 108</a>).</p>
@@ -748,12 +830,12 @@
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
-<section id="id79">
-<h2>3.7.0.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id79" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id83">
+<h2>3.7.0.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id83" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Fixed issue when using a tracer and a context manager fails to commit.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id80">
-<h2>3.7.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id80" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id84">
+<h2>3.7.0-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id84" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added several new constants.</p>
 <p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/wal.html">Write Ahead Logging</a> is
 <a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#wal"><span class="std std-ref">supported</span></a>.  You can make all databases automatically use
@@ -766,7 +848,7 @@
 out the problem and providing test data.</p>
 <p>The shell now does colour highlighting making it easy to visually
 distinguish prompts, errors, headers and value types when outputting
-to a terminal.  See the <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--no-colour</span></code> argument and <strong>.colour</strong>
+to a terminal.  See the <cite>–no-colour</cite> argument and <strong>.colour</strong>
 command.  Those of you in the two countries that have not adopted the
 metric system may also omit the ‘u’.  For Windows users you won’t get
 colour output unless you install <a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/colorama">colorama</a></p>
@@ -793,16 +875,16 @@
 the <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#statementcache"><span class="std std-ref">statement cache</span></a> was initialised which would
 result in a crash if any hooks executed SQL code.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id81">
-<h2>3.6.23.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id81" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id85">
+<h2>3.6.23.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id85" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Shell CSV output under Python 3.1 is corrected (work around Python 3.1
 StringIO bug/incompatibility with other Python versions).</p>
-<p>Simplified access to the shell’s <a class="reference internal" href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.db" title="apsw.Shell.db"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">database</span></code></a> from the
+<p>Simplified access to the shell’s <a class="reference internal" href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.db" title="apsw.shell.Shell.db"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">database</span></code></a> from the
 API.</p>
 <p>Added a shell <a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-shell"><span class="std std-ref">example</span></a>.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id82">
-<h2>3.6.23-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id82" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id86">
+<h2>3.6.23-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id86" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>If setup is downloading files and an error occurs then it retries up
 to 5 times.</p>
 <p>Added SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG and SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY constants.</p>
@@ -811,8 +893,8 @@
 <p>Added <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.log" title="apsw.log"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">log()</span></code></a> to call the SQLite logging interface, and updated
 <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.config" title="apsw.config"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">config()</span></code></a> so you can set log destination function.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id83">
-<h2>3.6.22-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id83" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id87">
+<h2>3.6.22-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id87" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Made it possible to run distutils ‘sdist’ from an already produced
 source that was made from ‘sdist’.  This was necessary for some Python
 virtual package environments.  Note that the recursive result does not
@@ -822,8 +904,8 @@
 such as page size, encoding, auto_vacuum etc.  The pragmas are
 commented out.  <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/90">APSW issue 90</a></p>
 </section>
-<section id="id84">
-<h2>3.6.21-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id84" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id88">
+<h2>3.6.21-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id88" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Source and binary files are now digitally signed which means you can
 verify they have not been tampered with.  See <a class="reference internal" href="download.html#verifydownload"><span class="std std-ref">Verifying your download</span></a>
 for instructions.</p>
@@ -832,8 +914,8 @@
 <p>Removed some unintentional logging code left in CouchDB virtual
 table code.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id85">
-<h2>3.6.20-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id85" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id89">
+<h2>3.6.20-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id89" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Support for Python 3.0 has been dropped as it has been <a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/download/releases/3.0.1/">end of lifed</a>.  Use Python 3.1
 onwards.</p>
 <p>Changes to how some statements are <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html">prepared</a> to allow the new RANGE and
@@ -865,8 +947,8 @@
 by itself.</p></li>
 </ul>
 </section>
-<section id="id86">
-<h2>3.6.19-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id86" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id90">
+<h2>3.6.19-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id90" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p><strong>Backwards incompatible change</strong> Fixed <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/72">APSW issue 72</a> where APSW wasn’t
 zero basing virtual table <a class="reference internal" href="vtable.html#apsw.VTTable.BestIndex" title="apsw.VTTable.BestIndex"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BestIndex()</span></code></a> constraints
 returned as documented.  If you have working BestIndex code then you
@@ -877,7 +959,7 @@
 been all along.  You should now call <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.complete" title="apsw.complete"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.complete()</span></code></a> instead.  (It
 even had an example showing it to be part of the module and not a
 specific connection!)</p>
-<p>There is now an <a class="reference internal" href="shell.html#apsw.Shell" title="apsw.Shell"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">interactive</span> <span class="pre">shell</span></code></a> very similar to
+<p>There is now an <a class="reference internal" href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell" title="apsw.shell.Shell"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">interactive</span> <span class="pre">shell</span></code></a> very similar to
 that <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/sqlite.html">provided by SQLite</a>.  You
 can embed it in your own program, inherit from it to provide more
 commands and output modes, or just run it like this:</p>
@@ -890,12 +972,12 @@
 <p>The <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code> file now has the various options available made
 applicable to appropriate commands only.  Read the <a class="reference internal" href="build.html#setup-py-flags"><span class="std std-ref">updated
 documentation</span></a>.</p>
-<p>You can now specify <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">build</span> <span class="pre">--enable=stat2</span></code> to <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code>
+<p>You can now specify <cite>build –enable=stat2</cite> to <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code>
 to enable <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/compile.html#enable_stat2">advanced statistics gathering</a> for query
 planning.</p>
 <p><code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code> can automatically fetch the asyncvfs
 extension for you.  If the source is present when APSW is built then
-it will be automatically included and the <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">API</span></code> provided.</p>
+it will be automatically included and <em>async_initialize</em> called.</p>
 <p>A <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.fork_checker" title="apsw.fork_checker"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fork_checker()</span></code></a> is available which turns on detection when you
 have used SQLite objects across a fork (a <strong>very</strong> bad thing).  This
 is possible on Unix like operating systems, especially if you use the
@@ -903,20 +985,20 @@
 <p>Extension loading is now compiled in by default when using the
 amalgamation and compiled out when using existing libraries.  This is
 more likely to match your machine.  You can use
-<code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--omit=load_extension</span></code> or <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--enable=load_extension</span></code>
+<cite>–omit=load_extension</cite> or <cite>–enable=load_extension</cite>
 to the build/build_ext commands to explicitly disable/enable extension
 loading.  <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/67">APSW issue 67</a></p>
 <p><a class="reference internal" href="build.html#building"><span class="std std-ref">setup.py</span></a> will now abort on a download that has no
 checksum.  See <a class="reference internal" href="build.html#fetch-checksums"><span class="std std-ref">more information</span></a> on checksums.</p>
 <p><a class="reference internal" href="build.html#setup-py-flags"><span class="std std-ref">setup.py</span></a> can also fetch the version of SQLite
 currently under development before a release.  Use
-<code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--version=fossil</span></code>.</p>
+<cite>–version=fossil</cite>.</p>
 <p>Updated which code uses <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/experimental.html">experimental SQLite APIs</a> based on changes in
 SQLite.  The test suite will also work correctly with experimental on
 or off.  (It is on by default.)</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id87">
-<h2>3.6.18-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id87" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id91">
+<h2>3.6.18-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id91" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>The APSW license has been updated to allow you (at your option) to use
 any <a class="reference external" href="http://opensource.org/licenses/alphabetical">OSI approved license</a>.</p>
 <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="benchmarking.html#speedtest"><span class="std std-ref">speedtest</span></a> has been updated to (optionally) use unicode
@@ -925,12 +1007,12 @@
 situations where it was not necessary.  This results in the code
 executing a little faster.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id88">
-<h2>3.6.17-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id88" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id92">
+<h2>3.6.17-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id92" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>APSW has migrated from Subversion to <a class="reference external" href="http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/">Mercurial</a> for source code control.
 Hosting remains at <a class="reference external" href="https://code.google.com/p/apsw/">Google Code</a></p>
 <p>Updated a test due to VFS xUnlock errors now being ignored sometimes
-by SQLite (<a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3946">SQLite ticket #3946</a>).</p>
+by SQLite (cvstrac 3946).</p>
 <p>The downloads page in the help didn’t mention the Windows Python 3.1
 installer.</p>
 <p>Running the test suite is now integrated into <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code> so you
@@ -945,27 +1027,27 @@
 Windows binary distribution.</p>
 <p>Various documentation updates.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id89">
-<h2>3.6.16-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id89" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id93">
+<h2>3.6.16-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id93" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Windows binary distribution includes Python 3.1.</p>
 <p>Trivial tweaks to keep MSVC happy.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id90">
-<h2>3.6.15-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id90" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>Fixed <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/50">APSW issue 50</a> where <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blob.read()</span></code> was returning <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>
+<section id="id94">
+<h2>3.6.15-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id94" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Fixed <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/50">APSW issue 50</a> where <a class="reference internal" href="blob.html#apsw.Blob.read" title="apsw.Blob.read"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob.read()</span></code></a> was returning <em>None</em>
 on end of file instead of the documented (and correct) empty
 string/bytes.</p>
 <p>Corrected spelling of option in <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#apswtrace"><span class="std std-ref">apswtrace</span></a> and only
 output CURSORFROM if SQL tracing is on.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id91">
-<h2>3.6.14.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id91" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id95">
+<h2>3.6.14.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id95" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Updated test code because SQLite 3.6.15 returns a different error code
 on trying to register a function with too many arguments (see
-<a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3875">SQLite ticket #3875</a>).</p>
+cvstrac 3875).</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id92">
-<h2>3.6.14.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id92" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id96">
+<h2>3.6.14.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id96" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Changed some internal symbol names so they won’t clash with similar
 new ones used by SQLite in the amalgamation.</p>
 <p>Added <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.using_amalgamation" title="apsw.using_amalgamation"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.using_amalgamation</span></code></a> so you can tell if APSW was
@@ -976,8 +1058,8 @@
 we know it hasn’t been tampered with.  (The <a class="reference internal" href="build.html#setup-py-flags"><span class="std std-ref">–fetch-sqlite</span></a> argument can be used to automatically download
 SQLite.)</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id93">
-<h2>3.6.13-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id93" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id97">
+<h2>3.6.13-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id97" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Added SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_ioerr_access.html">extended error code</a>.</p>
 <p>Updated tests as the VFS delete error handling code in SQLite now
 returns the same high level error code between Windows and
@@ -985,8 +1067,8 @@
 <p>The CHM format help file produced by the Windows HTML Help Compiler is
 viewable again under Windows HTML Help Viewer.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id94">
-<h2>3.6.11-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id94" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id98">
+<h2>3.6.11-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id98" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>You can now use the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/backup.html">hot backup functionality</a> introduced in SQLite 3.6.11.</p>
 <p>Updated a VFS test to reflect changes in SQLite underlying error
 handling.  (Previously SQLite almost always returned <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#apsw.FullError" title="apsw.FullError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FullError</span></code></a>
@@ -996,10 +1078,10 @@
 (reincarnated).  That is no longer the case and you will get
 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#apsw.CursorClosedError" title="apsw.CursorClosedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CursorClosedError</span></code></a>.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id95">
-<h2>3.6.10-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id95" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id99">
+<h2>3.6.10-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id99" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>You can use the database as a <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html#with-statement-context-managers">context manager</a>
-as defined in <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0343"><strong>PEP 0343</strong></a>.  When you use <em>with</em> a transaction is
+as defined in <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0343/"><strong>PEP 0343</strong></a>.  When you use <em>with</em> a transaction is
 started.  If the block finishes with an exception then the transaction
 is rolled back, otherwise it is committed.  See <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.__enter__" title="apsw.Connection.__enter__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.__enter__()</span></code></a>
 for an example.</p>
@@ -1008,9 +1090,9 @@
 blocks can be nested.  If you use Connection level <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#executiontracer"><span class="std std-ref">execution
 tracers</span></a> then they will be called with the savepoint
 SQL statements.</p>
-<p>You can also use <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blobs</span></code> as a context manager which
+<p>You can also use <a class="reference internal" href="blob.html#apsw.Blob" title="apsw.Blob"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blobs</span></code></a> as a context manager which
 ensures it is always closed when finished using it.  See
-<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blob.__enter__()</span></code> for an example.</p>
+<a class="reference internal" href="blob.html#apsw.Blob.__enter__" title="apsw.Blob.__enter__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob.__enter__()</span></code></a> for an example.</p>
 <p>Added <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#sqliteconstants"><span class="std std-ref">constants</span></a>:</p>
 <blockquote>
 <div><ul class="simple">
@@ -1035,8 +1117,8 @@
 <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="benchmarking.html#speedtest"><span class="std std-ref">speedtest</span></a> script will now fallback to the Python builtin
 sqlite3 module if it can’t find an externally installed pysqlite.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id96">
-<h2>3.6.6.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id96" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id100">
+<h2>3.6.6.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id100" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Windows binary download for Python 3.0 is <a class="reference internal" href="download.html#source-and-binaries"><span class="std std-ref">available</span></a>.</p>
 <p>Various changes in data structures and containers to reduce code size.</p>
 <p>Changed the code to handle SQLite errors to only use Python
@@ -1045,7 +1127,7 @@
 compatible with XP.  Thanks to Rudolf Gaertner for assistance in
 detecting and diagnosing this issue.</p>
 <p><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connections</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cursors</span></code></a> and
-<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blobs</span></code> can be used by <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library/weakref.html">weak references</a>.</p>
+<a class="reference internal" href="blob.html#apsw.Blob" title="apsw.Blob"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blobs</span></code></a> can be used by <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library/weakref.html">weak references</a>.</p>
 <p>You can now install <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> wide <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.setexectrace" title="apsw.Connection.setexectrace"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execution</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.setrowtrace" title="apsw.Connection.setrowtrace"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">row</span></code></a>
 <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#tracing"><span class="std std-ref">tracers</span></a>.</p>
 <p>The callbacks for execution and row tracers have a different signature
@@ -1061,20 +1143,20 @@
 <p>Added a <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#apswtrace"><span class="std std-ref">apswtrace</span></a> script to allow easy SQL tracing
 without having to modify your code.</p>
 <p>Revert to using older SQLite APIs in order to work around
-<a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=2158">SQLite ticket #2158</a>.  (This also saves a little bit of SQLite memory
+cvstrac 2158.  (This also saves a little bit of SQLite memory
 usage).  The user visible effect was that you could get different
 exceptions and error text depending on whether a query was already in
 the <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#statementcache"><span class="std std-ref">statement cache</span></a> or if you were
 multi-threading.  As an example, if you have a query that used an
 unknown collation then SQLite’s <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html">prepare</a> returns
-<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_ERROR</span></code> with error text about the bad collation.  If a
+<em>SQLITE_ERROR</em> with error text about the bad collation.  If a
 query had already been prepared, the collation removed and then <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/step.html">run</a> the new SQLite routines are
-returning <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_SCHEMA</span></code> and generic <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schema</span> <span class="pre">changed</span></code> error
+returning <em>SQLITE_SCHEMA</em> and generic <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schema</span> <span class="pre">changed</span></code> error
 text.  Changing user defined functions could also cause a previously
 correct query to become invalid.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id97">
-<h2>3.6.5-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id97" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id101">
+<h2>3.6.5-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id101" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>The distribution now includes a <a class="reference internal" href="benchmarking.html#speedtest"><span class="std std-ref">speedtest</span></a> script.  You can use
 this to see how APSW performs relative to pysqlite, or to track
 performance differences between SQLite versions.  The underlying
@@ -1100,27 +1182,27 @@
 where things are implemented and to make automatic extraction of
 documentation easier.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id98">
-<h2>3.6.3-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id98" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id102">
+<h2>3.6.3-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id102" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>You can now write your own <a class="reference internal" href="vfs.html#vfs"><span class="std std-ref">Virtual File System (VFS)</span></a> in Python. You can also inherit
 from an existing VFS making it easy to augment or override small bits
 of behaviour without having to code everything else. See the
 <a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-vfs"><span class="std std-ref">example</span></a> where database files are obfuscated by
 XORing their contents.</p>
-<p><code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code> now takes an optional <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--fetch-sqlite[=ver]</span></code>
+<p><code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code> now takes an optional <cite>–fetch-sqlite[=ver]</cite>
 argument to automatically download and use the latest SQLite
 amalgamation (or a specified version). On non-Windows platforms it
 will also work out what compile flags SQLite needs (for example
-<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HAVE_USLEEP</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HAVE_LOCALTIME_R</span></code>). Several other
+<em>HAVE_USLEEP</em>, <em>HAVE_LOCALTIME_R</em>). Several other
 options to <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code> are also available to control
 enabling/omitting certains features and functionality. See
 <a class="reference internal" href="build.html#building"><span class="std std-ref">building</span></a> for further details.</p>
 <p>APSW checks that SQLite was compiled to be <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/threadsafe.html">threadsafe</a></p>
 <p>Added new constants:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
-<li><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK</span></code> extended result codes</p></li>
-<li><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX</span></code> open flags</p></li>
-<li><p>Several new <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_CONFIG</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_STATUS</span></code> codes</p></li>
+<li><p><em>SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS</em>, <em>SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK</em> and <em>SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK</em> extended result codes</p></li>
+<li><p><em>SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX</em> and <em>SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX</em> open flags</p></li>
+<li><p>Several new <em>SQLITE_CONFIG</em> and <em>SQLITE_STATUS</em> codes</p></li>
 </ul>
 <p>Wrapped several new SQLite apis:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
@@ -1142,28 +1224,28 @@
 for numbers fitting in signed 32 bit. This only affects Python 2 as
 Python 3 uses long exclusively. Thanks to Joe Pham for reporting this
 as <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/24">APSW issue 24</a></p>
-<p>Added <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.getsqlite3pointer()</span></code> method to help with
+<p>Added <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.sqlite3pointer" title="apsw.Connection.sqlite3pointer"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.sqlite3pointer()</span></code></a> method to help with
 <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/26">APSW issue 26</a></p>
 </section>
-<section id="id99">
-<h2>3.5.9-r2<a class="headerlink" href="#id99" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id103">
+<h2>3.5.9-r2<a class="headerlink" href="#id103" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>APSW now works with Python 3 (you need 3.0b1 or later).</p>
 <p>(<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/17">APSW issue 17</a>)
-Removed the <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_MAX_*</span></code> constants since they could be
+Removed the <em>SQLITE_MAX_</em> constants since they could be
 unreliable (eg APSW can’t tell what a shared library was compiled
 with). A workaround is documented in <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.limit" title="apsw.Connection.limit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.limit()</span></code></a>.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id100">
-<h2>3.5.9-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id100" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id104">
+<h2>3.5.9-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id104" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>APSW is now hosted at <a class="reference external" href="https://code.google.com/p/apsw">https://code.google.com/p/apsw</a></p>
 <p>You can use this with SQLite 3.5.9 onwards.</p>
 <p>SQLite now provides the source all <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=TheAmalgamation">amalgamated</a> into one file
 which improves performance and makes compilation and linking of SQLite
 far easier. The build instructions are updated.</p>
-<p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_COPY</span></code> authorizer code and <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_PROTOCOL</span></code>
+<p><em>SQLITE_COPY</em> authorizer code and <em>SQLITE_PROTOCOL</em>
 error code are no longer used by SQLite, but the values are left in
 apsw for backwards compatibility</p>
-<p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM</span></code></p>
+<p><em>SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE</em>, <em>SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED</em> and <em>SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM</em></p>
 <p><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.interrupt" title="apsw.Connection.interrupt"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.interrupt()</span></code></a> can be called from any thread</p>
 <p>SQLite has implementation limits on string and blob lengths (roughly
 constrained to fitting within a signed 32 bit integer - less than 2GB)
@@ -1203,8 +1285,8 @@
 pysqlite (100). You can however specify more or less as needed.</p>
 <p><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.collationneeded" title="apsw.Connection.collationneeded"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.collationneeded()</span></code></a> was implemented.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id101">
-<h2>3.3.13-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id101" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id105">
+<h2>3.3.13-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id105" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>As of this release, APSW is now co-hosted with pysqlite meaning there
 is one site to go to for your Python SQLite bindings. (Both projects
 subsequently moved to Google Code.)</p>
@@ -1218,29 +1300,29 @@
 cause misuse errors (internally SQLite started returned NULL pointers
 for those statements, and <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/step.html">sqlite3_step</a> didn’t like being passed the
 NULL pointer).</p></li>
-<li><p>Changed special handling of <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_BUSY</span></code> error to be the same
+<li><p>Changed special handling of <em>SQLITE_BUSY</em> error to be the same
 as other errors. The special handling previously let you restart on
 receiving busy, but also hung onto statements which could result in
 other statements getting busy errors.</p></li>
 </ul>
 </section>
-<section id="id102">
-<h2>3.3.10-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id102" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id106">
+<h2>3.3.10-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id106" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>You can use this with SQLite 3.3.10 onwards.</p>
 <p>Added a statement cache that works in conjunction with the
 <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare_v2</a> API. A
 few issues were exposed in SQLite and hence you must use SQLite 3.3.10
 or later.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id103">
-<h2>3.3.9-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id103" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id107">
+<h2>3.3.9-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id107" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>You can use this with SQLite 3.3.9 onwards.</p>
 <p>SQLite added <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare_v2</a> API. The net effect of this
 API update is that you will not get SQLITE_SCHEMA any more. SQLite
 will handle it internally.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id105">
-<h2>3.3.8-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id105" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id109">
+<h2>3.3.8-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id109" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>You can use this with SQLite 3.3.8 onwards. There was an incompatible
 API change for virtual tables in SQLite 3.3.8.</p>
 <p>Virtual tables updated for new api.</p>
@@ -1248,13 +1330,13 @@
 also call <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.close" title="apsw.Cursor.close"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> on cursors, but it usually isn’t
 necessary.</p>
 <p>All strings are returned as unicode.</p>
-<p><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_WriteUnraisable()</span></code> was used for errors in
-destructors. Unfortunately it is almost completely useless, merely
-printing <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str()</span></code> of the object and exception. This doesn’t help in
-finding where in your code the issue arose so you could fix it. An
-internal APSW implementation generates a traceback and calls
-<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.excepthook()</span></code>, the default implementation of which prints the
-exception and the traceback to sys.stderr.</p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/exceptions.html?highlight=pyerr_writeunraisable#c.PyErr_WriteUnraisable">PyErr_WriteUnraisable</a>
+was used for errors in destructors. Unfortunately it is almost
+completely useless, merely printing <em>str</em> of the object and exception.
+This doesn’t help in finding where in your code the issue arose so you
+could fix it. An internal APSW implementation generates a traceback
+and calls <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.excepthook" title="(in Python v3.11)"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.excepthook()</span></code></a>, the default implementation of which
+prints the exception and the traceback to sys.stderr.</p>
 <blockquote>
 <div><div class="admonition note">
 <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
@@ -1264,17 +1346,17 @@
 location.</p>
 </div>
 </div></blockquote>
-<p>Authorizer codes <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE</span></code>,
-<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_FUNCTION</span></code> added.</p>
+<p>Authorizer codes <em>SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE</em>,
+<em>SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE</em> and <em>SQLITE_FUNCTION</em> added.</p>
 <p>SQLite <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=ExtendedResultCodes">extended result codes</a> are
 available - see <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions"><span class="std std-ref">Exceptions</span></a> for more detail.</p>
-<p><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.hooks</span></code> added so you can easily register functions,
+<p><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.connection_hooks" title="apsw.connection_hooks"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.connection_hooks</span></code></a> added so you can easily register functions,
 virtual tables or similar items with each Connection as it is created.</p>
 <p>Added <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#sqliteconstants"><span class="std std-ref">mapping dicts</span></a> which makes it easy to
 map the various constants between strings and ints.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id106">
-<h2>3.3.7-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id106" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id110">
+<h2>3.3.7-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id110" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Never released as 3.3.8 came along.</p>
 <p>You can use this release against SQLite 3.3.7. There were no changes
 in the SQLite 3.3.6 API from 3.3.5. In SQLite 3.3.7 an API was added
@@ -1292,24 +1374,24 @@
 <li><p>You can load SQLite shared library extensions.</p></li>
 </ul>
 </section>
-<section id="id107">
-<h2>3.3.5-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id107" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id111">
+<h2>3.3.5-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id111" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>You can use this release against any release of SQLite 3 from 3.3.5
 onwards. A bug was also fixed when reporting an error during the
 cleanup of an aggregate function if there had also been an error in
-the step function.  (<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_WriteUnraisable(NULL)()</span></code> crashed on
-some versions of Python but not others.)</p>
+the step function.  (<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/exceptions.html?highlight=pyerr_writeunraisable#c.PyErr_WriteUnraisable">PyErr_WriteUnraisable(NULL)</a>
+crashed on some versions of Python but not others.)</p>
 <p>SQLite added several functions for returning metadata about result
 column sets. You have to compile SQLite with
-<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA</span></code> to get them. This is not the
+<em>SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA</em> to get them. This is not the
 default for SQLite. I don’t believe these are generally useful except
 in some corner cases and so they aren’t wrapped. However please shout
-if you do need them.  Note that <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.getdescription" title="apsw.Cursor.getdescription"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.getdescription()</span></code></a> will
+if you do need them.  Note that <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.getdescription" title="apsw.Cursor.getdescription"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.getdescription()</span></code></a> will
 already give you generally useful information. (Also see the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/pragma.html">pragmas</a>)</p>
 <p>The test code has been converted into using the unittest module. Run
 <strong class="command">python tests.py -v</strong> to get the tests run. There should be no
 errors.</p>
-<p>Updated code to work correctly with new <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code> introduced
+<p>Updated code to work correctly with new <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/intro.html#c.Py_ssize_t" title="(in Python v3.11)"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_ssize_t</span></code></a> introduced
 in Python 2.5. See <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#x64bitpy25"><span class="std std-ref">64 bit hosts, Python 2.5+</span></a> for
 more details on how Python and SQLite handle 64 bit sized items.</p>
 <p>The following functions were added to SQLite and are wrapped. They are
@@ -1325,16 +1407,16 @@
 long it took.</p></li>
 </ul>
 </section>
-<section id="id108">
-<h2>3.2.7-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id108" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id112">
+<h2>3.2.7-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id112" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>You can use this release against any release of SQLite 3.</p>
 <p>SQLite 3.2.7 has several bug fixes. The undocumented experimental
-function <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite3_profile()</span></code> was added, but it not present in apsw
+function <em>sqlite3_profile</em> was added, but it not present in apsw
 yet.</p>
 <p>The author of pysqlite has improved it considerably since APSW was
 originally written. The differences section has been updated to
 reflect those improvements in pysqlite.</p>
-<p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_INTERNAL</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_NOTFOUND</span></code> error codes are
+<p><em>SQLITE_INTERNAL</em> and <em>SQLITE_NOTFOUND</em> error codes are
 not used according to 3.2.7 header file. They are still present in
 APSW for backwards compatibility.</p>
 <p>Changed the build instructions so configure is run on non-Windows
@@ -1345,36 +1427,36 @@
 <p>Changed when an error in the step function for an aggregate is
 reported due to limitations in SQLite.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id109">
-<h2>3.2.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id109" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id113">
+<h2>3.2.2-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id113" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>You can use this release against any release of SQLite 3.</p>
-<p>SQLite 3.2.2 API removed <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite3_global_recover()</span></code>. That function
+<p>SQLite 3.2.2 API removed <em>sqlite3_global_recover</em>. That function
 was not wrapped in APSW. Note that SQLite 3.2.2 contains a bug fix
 that applies when you use 64 bit integer primary keys (32 bit ints are
 fine).</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id110">
-<h2>3.2.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id110" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id114">
+<h2>3.2.1-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id114" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>You can use this release against any release of SQLite 3.</p>
 <p>There are no changes in APSW except to correct an error in the example
 code (collations are registered against the connection not the cursor)</p>
 <p>SQLite 3.2.1 had one addition in the stable C API, which was a new
-function named <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite3_global_recover()</span></code>. That function is not
+function named <em>sqlite3_global_recover</em>. That function is not
 applicable for wrapping in APSW.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id111">
-<h2>3.1.3-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id111" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id115">
+<h2>3.1.3-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id115" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>You can use this release against any release of SQLite 3.</p>
 <p>The text string returned by apsw.Error used to say
 “apsw.APSWException” and has been changed to “apsw.Error”.  This is
 purely cosmetic and helps make clear what the class is. (The old
 string was what the original class name was in an earlier version of
 the code.)</p>
-<p>Added <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_REINDEX</span></code>
+<p>Added <em>SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE</em> and <em>SQLITE_REINDEX</em>
 constants for the authorizer function.  (These constants were
 introduced in SQLite 3.1.3).</p>
 <p>Changed various C++-isms into standard C (eg // comments and the
-placing of some <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CHECK_THREAD</span></code> macro calls).</p>
+placing of some <em>CHECK_THREAD</em> macro calls).</p>
 <p>Added module level function <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.apswversion" title="apsw.apswversion"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apswversion()</span></code></a> which returns
 the version of APSW.</p>
 <p>SQLite 3.1.3 had no changes in the stable C API other than what is
@@ -1383,34 +1465,34 @@
 not wrapped by APSW.  Please contact me if you believe they will
 remain in SQLite and you would like them wrapped:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
-<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite3_sleep()</span></code> An alternative function which sleeps for a
+<li><p><em>sqlite3_sleep</em> An alternative function which sleeps for a
 specified number of milliseconds can be provided. By default SQLite
 just uses the standard operating system call.</p></li>
-<li><p><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite3_expired()</span></code> This function is internal to statement
+<li><p><em>sqlite3_expired</em> This function is internal to statement
 execution. It would apply to the implementation of
 <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.executemany" title="apsw.Cursor.executemany"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.executemany()</span></code></a> and could in theory provide a marginal
 improvement in performance.</p></li>
-<li><p>A global variable <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlite3_temp_directory</span></code> can be used before
+<li><p>A global variable <em>sqlite3_temp_directory</em> can be used before
 any databases are opened to set where temporary files are created. By
 default SQLite just uses the standard operating system mechanisms.</p></li>
 </ul>
 </section>
 <section id="r3">
-<h2>3.0.8-r3<a class="headerlink" href="#r3" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>3.0.8-r3<a class="headerlink" href="#r3" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>There are no functional changes. The only changes were to correct some
 variable names in the example code (they were cut and pasted from the
 test code which used different names) and to make the source zip file
 extract its contents into a sub-directory which is the more typical
 way of packaging that sort of thing.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id112">
-<h2>3.0.8-r2<a class="headerlink" href="#id112" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id116">
+<h2>3.0.8-r2<a class="headerlink" href="#id116" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>All remaining functionality in the C API for SQLite 3.0.8 is now
 available.</p>
 <p>Finished this documentation.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="id113">
-<h2>3.0.8-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id113" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<section id="id117">
+<h2>3.0.8-r1<a class="headerlink" href="#id117" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Initial release</p>
 </section>
 </section>
@@ -1422,131 +1504,139 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Change History</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id1">3.39.2.0</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id1">3.40.0.0</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id2">3.39.4.0</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id3">3.39.3.0</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id4">3.39.2.1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id5">3.39.2.0</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#r1">3.38.5-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id2">3.38.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id3">3.37.0-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id4">3.36.0-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id5">3.35.4-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id6">3.34.0-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id7">3.33.0-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id8">3.32.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id9">3.31.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id10">3.30.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id11">3.29.0-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id12">3.28.0-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id13">3.27.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id14">3.26.0-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id15">3.25.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id16">3.24.0-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id17">3.23.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id18">3.22.0-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id19">3.21.0-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id20">3.20.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id21">3.19.3-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id22">3.18.0-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id23">3.17.0-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id24">3.16.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id25">3.15.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id26">3.15.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id27">3.15.0-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id28">3.14.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id29">3.13.0-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id30">3.12.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id31">3.11.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id32">3.11.0-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id33">3.9.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id34">3.8.11.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id35">3.8.10.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id36">3.8.9-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id37">3.8.8.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id38">3.8.8.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id39">3.8.7.3-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id40">3.8.7.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id41">3.8.7.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id42">3.8.6-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id43">3.8.5-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id44">3.8.4.3-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id45">3.8.4.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id46">3.8.4.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id47">3.8.3.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id48">3.8.3-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id49">3.8.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id50">3.8.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id51">3.8.0.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id52">3.8.0.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id6">3.38.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id7">3.37.0-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id8">3.36.0-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id9">3.35.4-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id10">3.34.0-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id11">3.33.0-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id12">3.32.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id13">3.31.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id14">3.30.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id15">3.29.0-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id16">3.28.0-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id17">3.27.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id18">3.26.0-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id19">3.25.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id20">3.24.0-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id21">3.23.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id22">3.22.0-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id23">3.21.0-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id24">3.20.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id25">3.19.3-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id26">3.18.0-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id27">3.17.0-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id28">3.16.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id29">3.15.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id30">3.15.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id31">3.15.0-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id32">3.14.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id33">3.13.0-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id34">3.12.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id35">3.11.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id36">3.11.0-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id37">3.9.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id38">3.8.11.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id39">3.8.10.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id40">3.8.9-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id41">3.8.8.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id42">3.8.8.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id43">3.8.7.3-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id44">3.8.7.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id45">3.8.7.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id46">3.8.6-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id47">3.8.5-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id48">3.8.4.3-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id49">3.8.4.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id50">3.8.4.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id51">3.8.3.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id52">3.8.3-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id53">3.8.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id54">3.8.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id55">3.8.0.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id56">3.8.0.1-r1</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#r2">3.8.0-r2</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id53">3.8.0-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id54">3.7.17-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id55">3.7.16.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id56">3.7.16.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id57">3.7.16-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id58">3.7.15.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id59">3.7.15.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id60">3.7.15-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id61">3.7.14.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id62">3.7.14-r2</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id63">3.7.14-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id64">3.7.13-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id65">3.7.12.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id66">3.7.12-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id67">3.7.11-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id68">3.7.10-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id69">3.7.9-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id70">3.7.8-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id71">3.7.7.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id72">3.7.6.3-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id73">3.7.6.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id74">3.7.5-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id75">3.7.4-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id76">3.7.3-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id77">3.7.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id78">3.7.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id79">3.7.0.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id80">3.7.0-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id81">3.6.23.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id82">3.6.23-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id83">3.6.22-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id84">3.6.21-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id85">3.6.20-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id86">3.6.19-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id87">3.6.18-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id88">3.6.17-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id89">3.6.16-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id90">3.6.15-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id91">3.6.14.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id92">3.6.14.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id93">3.6.13-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id94">3.6.11-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id95">3.6.10-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id96">3.6.6.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id97">3.6.5-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id98">3.6.3-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id99">3.5.9-r2</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id100">3.5.9-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id101">3.3.13-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id102">3.3.10-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id103">3.3.9-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id105">3.3.8-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id106">3.3.7-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id107">3.3.5-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id108">3.2.7-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id109">3.2.2-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id110">3.2.1-r1</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id111">3.1.3-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id57">3.8.0-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id58">3.7.17-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id59">3.7.16.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id60">3.7.16.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id61">3.7.16-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id62">3.7.15.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id63">3.7.15.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id64">3.7.15-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id65">3.7.14.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id66">3.7.14-r2</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id67">3.7.14-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id68">3.7.13-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id69">3.7.12.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id70">3.7.12-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id71">3.7.11-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id72">3.7.10-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id73">3.7.9-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id74">3.7.8-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id75">3.7.7.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id76">3.7.6.3-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id77">3.7.6.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id78">3.7.5-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id79">3.7.4-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id80">3.7.3-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id81">3.7.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id82">3.7.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id83">3.7.0.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id84">3.7.0-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id85">3.6.23.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id86">3.6.23-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id87">3.6.22-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id88">3.6.21-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id89">3.6.20-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id90">3.6.19-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id91">3.6.18-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id92">3.6.17-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id93">3.6.16-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id94">3.6.15-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id95">3.6.14.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id96">3.6.14.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id97">3.6.13-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id98">3.6.11-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id99">3.6.10-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id100">3.6.6.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id101">3.6.5-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id102">3.6.3-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id103">3.5.9-r2</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id104">3.5.9-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id105">3.3.13-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id106">3.3.10-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id107">3.3.9-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id109">3.3.8-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id110">3.3.7-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id111">3.3.5-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id112">3.2.7-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id113">3.2.2-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id114">3.2.1-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id115">3.1.3-r1</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#r3">3.0.8-r3</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id112">3.0.8-r2</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id113">3.0.8-r1</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id116">3.0.8-r2</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id117">3.0.8-r1</a></li>
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--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/connection.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/connection.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
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-    <title>Connections to a database &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Connections to a database &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
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+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
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+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
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@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="apsw.html" title="APSW Module"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Connections to a database</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,17 +56,17 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="connections-to-a-database">
-<span id="connections"></span><h1>Connections to a database<a class="headerlink" href="#connections-to-a-database" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<span id="connections"></span><h1>Connections to a database<a class="headerlink" href="#connections-to-a-database" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> encapsulates access to a database.  You then use
 <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cursors</span></code></a> to issue queries against the database.</p>
 <p>You can have multiple <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connections</span></code></a> open against
 the same database in the same process, across threads and in other
 processes.</p>
 <section id="connection-class">
-<h2>Connection class<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Connection class<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-class" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><dl class="py class">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection">
-<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Connection</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">flags</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">vfs</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">statementcachesize</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">100</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Connection</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">flags</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">vfs</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">statementcachesize</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">100</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>This object wraps a <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/sqlite3.html">sqlite3 pointer</a>.</p>
 <p>Opens the named database.  You can use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:memory:</span></code> to get a private temporary
 in-memory database that is not shared with any other connections.</p>
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
 <dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
 <li><p><strong>flags</strong> – One or more of the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">open flags</a> orred together</p></li>
-<li><p><strong>vfs</strong> – The name of the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html">vfs</a> to use.  If <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> then the default
+<li><p><strong>vfs</strong> – The name of the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html">vfs</a> to use.  If <em>None</em> then the default
 vfs will be used.</p></li>
 <li><p><strong>statementcachesize</strong> – Use zero to disable the statement cache,
 or a number larger than the total distinct SQL statements you
@@ -95,19 +97,19 @@
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.__enter__">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__enter__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><span class="pre">Connection</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.__enter__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>You can use the database as a <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html#with-statement-context-managers">context manager</a>
-as defined in <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0343"><strong>PEP 0343</strong></a>.  When you use <em>with</em> a transaction is
+as defined in <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0343/"><strong>PEP 0343</strong></a>.  When you use <em>with</em> a transaction is
 started.  If the block finishes with an exception then the
 transaction is rolled back, otherwise it is committed.  For example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">:</span>
-    <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;....&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;....&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
     <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">:</span>
         <span class="c1"># nested is supported</span>
         <span class="n">call_function</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">)</span>
-        <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
         <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">connection</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">:</span>
             <span class="c1"># You can also use &#39;as&#39;</span>
             <span class="n">call_function2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">)</span>
-            <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>Behind the scenes the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/lang_savepoint.html">savepoint</a> functionality introduced in
@@ -116,16 +118,49 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.__exit__">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__exit__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Literal</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="k"><span class="pre">False</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.__exit__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__exit__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">etype</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#type" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">type</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#BaseException" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">evalue</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#BaseException" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">etraceback</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/types.html#types.TracebackType" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">types.TracebackType</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.__exit__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Implements context manager in conjunction with
 <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.__enter__" title="apsw.Connection.__enter__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__enter__()</span></code></a>.  Any exception that happened in the
 <em>with</em> block is raised after committing or rolling back the
 savepoint.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-2"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-2"></span><dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.authorizer">
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">authorizer</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.Authorizer" title="apsw.Authorizer"><span class="pre">Authorizer</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.authorizer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>While <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html">preparing</a>
+statements, SQLite will call any defined authorizer to see if a
+particular action is ok to be part of the statement.</p>
+<p>Typical usage would be if you are running user supplied SQL and want
+to prevent harmful operations.  You should also
+set the <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">statementcachesize</span></code></a> to zero.</p>
+<p>The authorizer callback has 5 parameters:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<div><ul class="simple">
+<li><p>An <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">operation code</a></p></li>
+<li><p>A string (or None) dependent on the operation <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">(listed as 3rd)</a></p></li>
+<li><p>A string (or None) dependent on the operation <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">(listed as 4th)</a></p></li>
+<li><p>A string name of the database (or None)</p></li>
+<li><p>Name of the innermost trigger or view doing the access (or None)</p></li>
+</ul>
+</div></blockquote>
+<p>The authorizer callback should return one of <em>SQLITE_OK</em>,
+<em>SQLITE_DENY</em> or <em>SQLITE_IGNORE</em>.
+(<em>SQLITE_DENY</em> is returned if there is an error in your
+Python code).</p>
+<div class="admonition seealso">
+<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-authorizer"><span class="std std-ref">Example</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#statementcache"><span class="std std-ref">Statement Cache</span></a></p></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/set_authorizer.html">sqlite3_set_authorizer</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<span class="target" id="index-3"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.autovacuum_pages">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">autovacuum_pages</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.autovacuum_pages" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">autovacuum_pages</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.autovacuum_pages" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Calls <cite>callable</cite> to find out how many pages to autovacuum.  The callback has 4 parameters:</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>Database name: str (eg “main”)</p></li>
@@ -140,9 +175,9 @@
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/autovacuum_pages.html">sqlite3_autovacuum_pages</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-3"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-4"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.backup">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">backup</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">databasename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sourceconnection</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><span class="pre">Connection</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sourcedatabasename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="backup.html#apsw.Backup" title="apsw.Backup"><span class="pre">Backup</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.backup" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">backup</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">databasename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sourceconnection</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><span class="pre">Connection</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sourcedatabasename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="backup.html#apsw.Backup" title="apsw.Backup"><span class="pre">Backup</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.backup" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Opens a <a class="reference internal" href="backup.html#backup"><span class="std std-ref">backup object</span></a>.  All data will be copied from source
 database to this database.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
@@ -167,9 +202,9 @@
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html#sqlite3backupinit">sqlite3_backup_init</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-4"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-5"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.blobopen">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">blobopen</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">database</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">table</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">column</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">rowid</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">writeable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="blob.html#apsw.Blob" title="apsw.Blob"><span class="pre">Blob</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.blobopen" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">blobopen</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">database</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">table</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">column</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">rowid</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">writeable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="blob.html#apsw.Blob" title="apsw.Blob"><span class="pre">Blob</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.blobopen" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Opens a blob for <a class="reference internal" href="blob.html#blobio"><span class="std std-ref">incremental I/O</span></a>.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
@@ -184,32 +219,109 @@
 </ul>
 </dd>
 <dt class="field-even">Return type</dt>
-<dd class="field-even"><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blob</span></code></p>
+<dd class="field-even"><p><a class="reference internal" href="blob.html#apsw.Blob" title="apsw.Blob"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Blob</span></code></a></p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 <div class="admonition seealso">
 <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
 <ul class="simple">
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-blobio"><span class="std std-ref">Blob I/O example</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-blob-io"><span class="std std-ref">Blob I/O example</span></a></p></li>
 <li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/autoinc.html">SQLite row ids</a></p></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_open.html">sqlite3_blob_open</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-5"></span><dl class="py method">
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.cache_stats">
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">cache_stats</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">include_entries</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Dict</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.cache_stats" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd></dd></dl>
+
+<p>Returns information about the statement cache as dict.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p>Calling execute with “select a; select b; insert into c …” will
+result in 3 cache entries corresponding to each of the 3 queries
+present.</p>
+</div>
+<p>The returned dictionary has the following information.</p>
+<table class="colwidths-auto docutils align-default">
+<thead>
+<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Key</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>Explanation</p></th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr class="row-even"><td><p>size</p></td>
+<td><p>Maximum number of entries in the cache</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>evictions</p></td>
+<td><p>How many entries were removed (expired) to make space for a newer
+entry</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td><p>no_cache</p></td>
+<td><p>Queries that had can_cache parameter set to False</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>hits</p></td>
+<td><p>A match was found in the cache</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td><p>misses</p></td>
+<td><p>No match was found in the cache, or the cache couldn’t be used</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>no_vdbe</p></td>
+<td><p>The statement was empty (eg a comment) or SQLite took action
+during parsing (eg some pragmas).  These are not cached and also
+included in the misses count</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td><p>too_big</p></td>
+<td><p>UTF8 query size was larger than considered for caching.  These are also included
+in the misses count.</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>max_cacheable_bytes</p></td>
+<td><p>Maximum size of query (in bytes of utf8) that will be considered for caching</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td><p>entries</p></td>
+<td><p>(Only present if <cite>include_entries</cite> is True) A list of the cache entries</p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>If <cite>entries</cite> is present, then each list entry is a dict with the following information.</p>
+<table class="colwidths-auto docutils align-default">
+<thead>
+<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Key</p></th>
+<th class="head"><p>Explanation</p></th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr class="row-even"><td><p>query</p></td>
+<td><p>Text of the query itself (first statement only)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>prepare_flags</p></td>
+<td><p>Flags passed to <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare_v3</a>
+for this query</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td><p>uses</p></td>
+<td><p>How many times this entry has been (re)used</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>has_more</p></td>
+<td><p>Boolean indicating if there was more query text than
+the first statement</p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<span class="target" id="index-6"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.changes">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">changes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.changes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">changes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.changes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the number of database rows that were changed (or inserted
 or deleted) by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
 statement.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/changes.html">sqlite3_changes64</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-6"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-7"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.close">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">close</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">force</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p>Closes the database.  If there are any outstanding <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cursors</span></code></a>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blobs</span></code> or <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.backup" title="apsw.Connection.backup"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">backups</span></code></a> then
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">close</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">force</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Closes the database.  If there are any outstanding <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cursors</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="blob.html#apsw.Blob" title="apsw.Blob"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">blobs</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="backup.html#apsw.Backup" title="apsw.Backup"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">backups</span></code></a> then
 they are closed too.  It is normally not necessary to call this
 method as the database is automatically closed when there are no
 more references.  It is ok to call the method multiple times.</p>
@@ -228,9 +340,9 @@
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/close.html">sqlite3_close</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-7"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-8"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.collationneeded">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">collationneeded</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><span class="pre">Connection</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.collationneeded" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">collationneeded</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><span class="pre">Connection</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.collationneeded" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p><em>callable</em> will be called if a statement requires a <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collation">collation</a> that hasn’t been
 registered. Your callable will be passed two parameters. The first
 is the connection object. The second is the name of the
@@ -251,9 +363,9 @@
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/collation_needed.html">sqlite3_collation_needed</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-8"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-9"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.config">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">config</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.config" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">config</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.config" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
 <dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
@@ -266,9 +378,9 @@
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/db_config.html">sqlite3_db_config</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-9"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-10"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.createaggregatefunction">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">createaggregatefunction</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">factory</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">AggregateFactory</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">numargs</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.createaggregatefunction" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">createaggregatefunction</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">factory</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.AggregateFactory" title="apsw.AggregateFactory"><span class="pre">AggregateFactory</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">numargs</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.createaggregatefunction" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Registers an aggregate function.  Aggregate functions operate on all
 the relevant rows such as counting how many there are.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
@@ -306,16 +418,16 @@
 <div class="admonition seealso">
 <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
 <ul class="simple">
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#aggregate-example"><span class="std std-ref">Example</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-aggregate"><span class="std std-ref">Example</span></a></p></li>
 <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.createscalarfunction" title="apsw.Connection.createscalarfunction"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">createscalarfunction()</span></code></a></p></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html">sqlite3_create_function_v2</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-10"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-11"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.createcollation">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">createcollation</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callback</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.createcollation" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">createcollation</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callback</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.createcollation" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>You can control how SQLite sorts (termed <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collation">collation</a>) when giving the
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">COLLATE</span></code> term to a <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/lang_select.html">SELECT</a>.  For example your
 collation could take into account locale or do numeric sorting.</p>
@@ -335,28 +447,28 @@
 <div class="admonition seealso">
 <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
 <ul class="simple">
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#collation-example"><span class="std std-ref">Example</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-collation"><span class="std std-ref">Example</span></a></p></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_collation.html">sqlite3_create_collation_v2</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-11"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-12"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.createmodule">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">createmodule</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">datasource</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Any</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.createmodule" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">createmodule</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">datasource</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Any</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.createmodule" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Registers a virtual table.  See <a class="reference internal" href="vtable.html#virtualtables"><span class="std std-ref">Virtual Tables</span></a> for details.</p>
 <div class="admonition seealso">
 <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
 <ul class="simple">
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-vtable"><span class="std std-ref">Example</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-virtual-tables"><span class="std std-ref">Example</span></a></p></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_module.html">sqlite3_create_module_v2</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-12"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-13"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.createscalarfunction">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">createscalarfunction</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">ScalarProtocol</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">numargs</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">deterministic</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.createscalarfunction" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">createscalarfunction</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.ScalarProtocol" title="apsw.ScalarProtocol"><span class="pre">ScalarProtocol</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">numargs</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">deterministic</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.createscalarfunction" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Registers a scalar function.  Scalar functions operate on one set of parameters once.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
@@ -388,7 +500,7 @@
 <div class="admonition seealso">
 <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
 <ul class="simple">
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#scalar-example"><span class="std std-ref">Example</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-scalar"><span class="std std-ref">Example</span></a></p></li>
 <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.createaggregatefunction" title="apsw.Connection.createaggregatefunction"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">createaggregatefunction()</span></code></a></p></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
@@ -406,26 +518,39 @@
 </dl>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-13"></span><dl class="py method">
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.cursor_factory">
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">cursor_factory</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><span class="pre">Connection</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Any</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.cursor_factory" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Defaults to <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor</span></code></a></p>
+<p>Called with a <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> as the only parameter when a cursor
+is needed such as by the <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.cursor" title="apsw.Connection.cursor"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cursor()</span></code></a> method, or
+<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.execute" title="apsw.Connection.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.execute()</span></code></a>.</p>
+<p>Note that whatever is returned doesn’t have to be an actual
+<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor</span></code></a> instance, and just needs to have the methods present
+that are actually called.  These are likely to be <cite>execute</cite>,
+<cite>executemany</cite>, <cite>close</cite> etc.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<span class="target" id="index-14"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.db_filename">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">db_filename</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">str</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.db_filename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">db_filename</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.db_filename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the full filename of the named (attached) database.  The
 main database is named “main”.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/db_filename.html">sqlite3_db_filename</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-14"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-15"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.db_names">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">db_names</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">List</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.db_names" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">db_names</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">List</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.db_names" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the list of database names.  For example the first database
 is named ‘main’, the next ‘temp’, and the rest with the name provided
 in <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/lang_attach.html">ATTACH</a></p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/db_name.html">sqlite3_db_name</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-15"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-16"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.deserialize">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">deserialize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">contents</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bytes</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.deserialize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">deserialize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">contents</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bytes</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.deserialize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Replaces the named database with an in-memory copy of <em>contents</em>.
 <em>name</em> is <strong>“main”</strong> for the main database, <strong>“temp”</strong> for the
 temporary database etc.</p>
@@ -440,9 +565,9 @@
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/deserialize.html">sqlite3_deserialize</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-16"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-17"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.enableloadextension">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">enableloadextension</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">enable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.enableloadextension" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">enableloadextension</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">enable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.enableloadextension" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Enables/disables <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki/wiki?p=LoadableExtensions">extension loading</a>
 which is disabled by default.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
@@ -459,9 +584,47 @@
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/enable_load_extension.html">sqlite3_enable_load_extension</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-17"></span><dl class="py method">
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.exectrace">
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">exectrace</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.ExecTracer" title="apsw.ExecTracer"><span class="pre">ExecTracer</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.exectrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Called with the cursor, statement and bindings for
+each <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execute()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.executemany" title="apsw.Cursor.executemany"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">executemany()</span></code></a> on this
+Connection, unless the <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor</span></code></a> installed its own
+tracer. Your execution tracer can also abort execution of a
+statement.</p>
+<p>If <em>callable</em> is <em>None</em> then any existing execution tracer is
+removed.</p>
+<div class="admonition seealso">
+<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#tracing"><span class="std std-ref">Tracing</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#rowtracer"><span class="std std-ref">Row Tracer</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.exectrace" title="apsw.Cursor.exectrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.exectrace</span></code></a></p></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.execute">
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">execute</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">statements</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bindings</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.Bindings" title="apsw.Bindings"><span class="pre">Bindings</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">can_cache</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">prepare_flags</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><span class="pre">Cursor</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.execute" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Executes the statements using the supplied bindings.  Execution
+returns when the first row is available or all statements have
+completed.  (A cursor is automatically obtained).</p>
+<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.execute()</span></code></a> for more details.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.executemany">
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">executemany</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">statements</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sequenceofbindings</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Sequence</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.Bindings" title="apsw.Bindings"><span class="pre">Bindings</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">can_cache</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">prepare_flags</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><span class="pre">Cursor</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.executemany" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd></dd></dl>
+
+<p>This method is for when you want to execute the same statements over a
+sequence of bindings, such as inserting into a database.  (A cursor is
+automatically obtained).</p>
+<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.executemany" title="apsw.Cursor.executemany"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.executemany()</span></code></a> for more details.</p>
+<span class="target" id="index-18"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.filecontrol">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">filecontrol</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dbname</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pointer</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.filecontrol" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">filecontrol</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dbname</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pointer</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.filecontrol" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Calls the <a class="reference internal" href="vfs.html#apsw.VFSFile.xFileControl" title="apsw.VFSFile.xFileControl"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xFileControl()</span></code></a> method on the <a class="reference internal" href="vfs.html#vfs"><span class="std std-ref">Virtual File System (VFS)</span></a>
 implementing <a class="reference internal" href="vfs.html#apsw.VFSFile" title="apsw.VFSFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">file</span> <span class="pre">access</span></code></a> for the database.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
@@ -513,49 +676,42 @@
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/file_control.html">sqlite3_file_control</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-18"></span><dl class="py attribute">
+<span class="target" id="index-19"></span><dl class="py attribute">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.filename">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">str</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.filename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.filename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>The filename of the  database.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/db_filename.html">sqlite3_db_filename</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-19"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-20"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.getautocommit">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getautocommit</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.getautocommit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getautocommit</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.getautocommit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns if the Connection is in auto commit mode (ie not in a transaction).</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/get_autocommit.html">sqlite3_get_autocommit</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.getexectrace">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getexectrace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">ExecTracer</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.getexectrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p>Returns the currently installed (via <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.setexectrace" title="apsw.Connection.setexectrace"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setexectrace()</span></code></a>)
-execution tracer.</p>
-<div class="admonition seealso">
-<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
-<ul class="simple">
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#tracing"><span class="std std-ref">Tracing</span></a></p></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getexectrace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.ExecTracer" title="apsw.ExecTracer"><span class="pre">ExecTracer</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.getexectrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Returns the currently installed <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.exectrace" title="apsw.Connection.exectrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execution</span> <span class="pre">tracer</span></code></a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.getrowtrace">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getrowtrace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">RowTracer</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.getrowtrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p>Returns the currently installed (via <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.setrowtrace" title="apsw.Connection.setrowtrace"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setrowtrace()</span></code></a>)
-row tracer.</p>
-<div class="admonition seealso">
-<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
-<ul class="simple">
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#tracing"><span class="std std-ref">Tracing</span></a></p></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getrowtrace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.RowTracer" title="apsw.RowTracer"><span class="pre">RowTracer</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.getrowtrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Returns the currently installed <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.rowtrace" title="apsw.Connection.rowtrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">row</span> <span class="pre">tracer</span></code></a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-20"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-21"></span><dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.in_transaction">
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">in_transaction</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.in_transaction" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>True if currently in a transaction, else False</p>
+<p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/get_autocommit.html">sqlite3_get_autocommit</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<span class="target" id="index-22"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.interrupt">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">interrupt</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.interrupt" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">interrupt</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.interrupt" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Causes any pending operations on the database to abort at the
 earliest opportunity. You can call this from any thread.  For
 example you may have a long running query when the user presses the
@@ -564,16 +720,16 @@
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/interrupt.html">sqlite3_interrupt</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-21"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-23"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.last_insert_rowid">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">last_insert_rowid</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.last_insert_rowid" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">last_insert_rowid</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.last_insert_rowid" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the integer key of the most recent insert in the database.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/last_insert_rowid.html">sqlite3_last_insert_rowid</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-22"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-24"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.limit">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">limit</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">id</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">newval</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-</span> <span class="pre">1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.limit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">limit</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">id</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">newval</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">-1</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.limit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>If called with one parameter then the current limit for that <em>id</em> is
 returned.  If called with two then the limit is set to <em>newval</em>.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
@@ -590,15 +746,15 @@
 <div class="admonition seealso">
 <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
 <ul class="simple">
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-limit"><span class="std std-ref">Example</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-limits"><span class="std std-ref">Example</span></a></p></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/limit.html">sqlite3_limit</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-23"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-25"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.loadextension">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">loadextension</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">entrypoint</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.loadextension" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">loadextension</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">entrypoint</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.loadextension" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Loads <em>filename</em> as an <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki/wiki?p=LoadableExtensions">extension</a></p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
@@ -625,19 +781,19 @@
 
 <dl class="py attribute">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.open_flags">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open_flags</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.open_flags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open_flags</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.open_flags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>The integer flags used to open the database.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py attribute">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.open_vfs">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open_vfs</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">str</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.open_vfs" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open_vfs</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.open_vfs" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>The string name of the vfs used to open the database.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-24"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-26"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.overloadfunction">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">overloadfunction</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">nargs</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.overloadfunction" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">overloadfunction</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">nargs</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.overloadfunction" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Registers a placeholder function so that a virtual table can provide an implementation via
 <a class="reference internal" href="vtable.html#apsw.VTTable.FindFunction" title="apsw.VTTable.FindFunction"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTTable.FindFunction()</span></code></a>.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
@@ -648,22 +804,41 @@
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
-<p>Due to <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3507">SQLite ticket #3507</a> underlying errors will not be returned.</p>
+<p>Due to cvstrac 3507 underlying errors will not be returned.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/overload_function.html">sqlite3_overload_function</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-25"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-27"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.readonly">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">readonly</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.readonly" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">readonly</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.readonly" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>True or False if the named (attached) database was opened readonly or file
 permissions don’t allow writing.  The main database is named “main”.</p>
 <p>An exception is raised if the database doesn’t exist.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/db_readonly.html">sqlite3_db_readonly</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-26"></span><dl class="py method">
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.rowtrace">
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">rowtrace</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.RowTracer" title="apsw.RowTracer"><span class="pre">RowTracer</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.rowtrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Called with the cursor and row being returned for
+<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cursors</span></code></a> associated with this Connection, unless
+the Cursor installed its own tracer.  You can change the data that
+is returned or cause the row to be skipped altogether.</p>
+<p>If <em>callable</em> is <em>None</em> then any existing row tracer is
+removed.</p>
+<div class="admonition seealso">
+<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#tracing"><span class="std std-ref">Tracing</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#rowtracer"><span class="std std-ref">Row Tracer</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.exectrace" title="apsw.Cursor.exectrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.exectrace</span></code></a></p></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<span class="target" id="index-28"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.serialize">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">serialize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">bytes</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.serialize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">serialize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bytes</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.serialize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns a memory copy of the database. <em>name</em> is <strong>“main”</strong> for the
 main database, <strong>“temp”</strong> for the temporary database etc.</p>
 <p>The memory copy is the same as if the database was backed up to
@@ -681,54 +856,26 @@
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/serialize.html">sqlite3_serialize</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-27"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-29"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.set_last_insert_rowid">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">set_last_insert_rowid</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">rowid</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.set_last_insert_rowid" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">set_last_insert_rowid</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">rowid</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.set_last_insert_rowid" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Sets the value calls to <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.last_insert_rowid" title="apsw.Connection.last_insert_rowid"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">last_insert_rowid()</span></code></a> will return.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/set_last_insert_rowid.html">sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-28"></span><dl class="py method">
+<dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.setauthorizer">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setauthorizer</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setauthorizer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p>While <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html">preparing</a>
-statements, SQLite will call any defined authorizer to see if a
-particular action is ok to be part of the statement.</p>
-<p>Typical usage would be if you are running user supplied SQL and want
-to prevent harmful operations.  You should also
-set the <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">statementcachesize</span></code></a> to zero.</p>
-<p>The authorizer callback has 5 parameters:</p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><ul class="simple">
-<li><p>An <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">operation code</a></p></li>
-<li><p>A string (or None) dependent on the operation <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">(listed as 3rd)</a></p></li>
-<li><p>A string (or None) dependent on the operation <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">(listed as 4th)</a></p></li>
-<li><p>A string name of the database (or None)</p></li>
-<li><p>Name of the innermost trigger or view doing the access (or None)</p></li>
-</ul>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>The authorizer callback should return one of <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_OK</span></code>,
-<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_DENY</span></code> or <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_IGNORE</span></code>.
-(<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_DENY</span></code> is returned if there is an error in your
-Python code).</p>
-<p>Passing None unregisters the existing authorizer.</p>
-<div class="admonition seealso">
-<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
-<ul class="simple">
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#authorizer-example"><span class="std std-ref">Example</span></a></p></li>
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#statementcache"><span class="std std-ref">Statement Cache</span></a></p></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-<p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/set_authorizer.html">sqlite3_set_authorizer</a></p>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setauthorizer</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.Authorizer" title="apsw.Authorizer"><span class="pre">Authorizer</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setauthorizer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Sets the <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.authorizer" title="apsw.Connection.authorizer"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">authorizer</span></code></a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-29"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-30"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.setbusyhandler">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setbusyhandler</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">bool</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setbusyhandler" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setbusyhandler</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setbusyhandler" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Sets the busy handler to callable. callable will be called with one
 integer argument which is the number of prior calls to the busy
 callback for the same lock. If the busy callback returns False,
-then SQLite returns <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_BUSY</span></code> to the calling code. If
+then SQLite returns <em>SQLITE_BUSY</em> to the calling code. If
 the callback returns True, then SQLite tries to open the table
 again and the cycle repeats.</p>
 <p>If you previously called <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.setbusytimeout" title="apsw.Connection.setbusytimeout"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setbusytimeout()</span></code></a> then
@@ -744,9 +891,9 @@
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/busy_handler.html">sqlite3_busy_handler</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-30"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-31"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.setbusytimeout">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setbusytimeout</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">milliseconds</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setbusytimeout" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setbusytimeout</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">milliseconds</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setbusytimeout" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>If the database is locked such as when another connection is making
 changes, SQLite will keep retrying.  This sets the maximum amount of
 time SQLite will keep retrying before giving up.  If the database is
@@ -768,9 +915,9 @@
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/busy_timeout.html">sqlite3_busy_timeout</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-31"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-32"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.setcommithook">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setcommithook</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setcommithook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setcommithook</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.CommitHook" title="apsw.CommitHook"><span class="pre">CommitHook</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setcommithook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p><em>callable</em> will be called just before a commit.  It should return
 False for the commit to go ahead and True for it to be turned
 into a rollback. In the case of an exception in your callable, a
@@ -779,7 +926,7 @@
 <div class="admonition seealso">
 <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
 <ul class="simple">
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-commithook"><span class="std std-ref">Example</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-commit-hook"><span class="std std-ref">Example</span></a></p></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/commit_hook.html">sqlite3_commit_hook</a></p>
@@ -787,27 +934,13 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.setexectrace">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setexectrace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">ExecTracer</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setexectrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><em>callable</em> is called with the cursor, statement and bindings for
-each <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execute()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.executemany" title="apsw.Cursor.executemany"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">executemany()</span></code></a> on this
-Connection, unless the <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor</span></code></a> installed its own
-tracer. Your execution tracer can also abort execution of a
-statement.</p>
-<p>If <em>callable</em> is <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> then any existing execution tracer is
-removed.</p>
-<div class="admonition seealso">
-<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
-<ul class="simple">
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#tracing"><span class="std std-ref">Tracing</span></a></p></li>
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#rowtracer"><span class="std std-ref">Row Tracer</span></a></p></li>
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.setexectrace" title="apsw.Cursor.setexectrace"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.setexectrace()</span></code></a></p></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setexectrace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.ExecTracer" title="apsw.ExecTracer"><span class="pre">ExecTracer</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setexectrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Method to set <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.exectrace" title="apsw.Connection.exectrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.exectrace</span></code></a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-32"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-33"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.setprofile">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setprofile</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setprofile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setprofile</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setprofile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Sets a callable which is invoked at the end of execution of each
 statement and passed the statement string and how long it took to
 execute. (The execution time is in nanoseconds.) Note that it is
@@ -817,9 +950,9 @@
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/profile.html">sqlite3_profile</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-33"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-34"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.setprogresshandler">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setprogresshandler</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">bool</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">nsteps</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">20</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setprogresshandler" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setprogresshandler</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">nsteps</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">20</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setprogresshandler" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Sets a callable which is invoked every <em>nsteps</em> SQLite
 inststructions. The callable should return True to abort
 or False to continue. (If there is an error in your Python <em>callable</em>
@@ -833,46 +966,33 @@
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/progress_handler.html">sqlite3_progress_handler</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-34"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-35"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.setrollbackhook">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setrollbackhook</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setrollbackhook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setrollbackhook</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setrollbackhook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Sets a callable which is invoked during a rollback.  If <em>callable</em>
-is <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> then any existing rollback hook is unregistered.</p>
+is <em>None</em> then any existing rollback hook is unregistered.</p>
 <p>The <em>callable</em> is called with no parameters and the return value is ignored.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/commit_hook.html">sqlite3_rollback_hook</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.setrowtrace">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setrowtrace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">RowTracer</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setrowtrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><em>callable</em> is called with the cursor and row being returned for
-<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cursors</span></code></a> associated with this Connection, unless
-the Cursor installed its own tracer.  You can change the data that
-is returned or cause the row to be skipped altogether.</p>
-<p>If <em>callable</em> is <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> then any existing row tracer is
-unregistered.</p>
-<div class="admonition seealso">
-<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
-<ul class="simple">
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#tracing"><span class="std std-ref">Tracing</span></a></p></li>
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#rowtracer"><span class="std std-ref">Row Tracer</span></a></p></li>
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.setexectrace" title="apsw.Cursor.setexectrace"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.setexectrace()</span></code></a></p></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setrowtrace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.RowTracer" title="apsw.RowTracer"><span class="pre">RowTracer</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setrowtrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Method to set <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.rowtrace" title="apsw.Connection.rowtrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.rowtrace</span></code></a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-35"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-36"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.setupdatehook">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setupdatehook</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setupdatehook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setupdatehook</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setupdatehook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Calls <em>callable</em> whenever a row is updated, deleted or inserted.  If
-<em>callable</em> is <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> then any existing update hook is
+<em>callable</em> is <em>None</em> then any existing update hook is
 unregistered.  The update hook cannot make changes to the database while
 the query is still executing, but can record them for later use or
 apply them in a different connection.</p>
 <p>The update hook is called with 4 parameters:</p>
 <blockquote>
 <div><dl class="simple">
-<dt>type (int)</dt><dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_INSERT</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_DELETE</span></code> or <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_UPDATE</span></code></p>
+<dt>type (int)</dt><dd><p><em>SQLITE_INSERT</em>, <em>SQLITE_DELETE</em> or <em>SQLITE_UPDATE</em></p>
 </dd>
 <dt>database name (string)</dt><dd><p>This is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">main</span></code> for the database or the name specified in
 <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/lang_attach.html">ATTACH</a></p>
@@ -886,17 +1006,17 @@
 <div class="admonition seealso">
 <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
 <ul class="simple">
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-updatehook"><span class="std std-ref">Example</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-update-hook"><span class="std std-ref">Example</span></a></p></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/update_hook.html">sqlite3_update_hook</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-36"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-37"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.setwalhook">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setwalhook</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><span class="pre">Connection</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setwalhook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setwalhook</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><span class="pre">Connection</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.setwalhook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p><em>callable</em> will be called just after data is committed in <a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#wal"><span class="std std-ref">Write Ahead Logging</span></a>
-mode.  It should return <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_OK</span></code> or an error code.  The
+mode.  It should return <em>SQLITE_OK</em> or an error code.  The
 callback is called with 3 parameters:</p>
 <blockquote>
 <div><ul class="simple">
@@ -911,21 +1031,21 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.sqlite3pointer">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">sqlite3pointer</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.sqlite3pointer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p>Returns the underlying <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/sqlite3.html">sqlite3 *</a> for the connection. This
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">sqlite3pointer</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.sqlite3pointer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd></dd></dl>
+
+<p>Returns the underlying <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/sqlite3.html">sqlite3 *</a> for the connection. This
 method is useful if there are other C level libraries in the same
-process and you want them to use the APSW connection handle. The
-value is returned as a number using <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyLong_FromVoidPtr()</span></code> under the
-hood. You should also ensure that you increment the reference count on
-the <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> for as long as the other libraries are using
-the pointer.  It is also a very good idea to call
+process and you want them to use the APSW connection handle. The value
+is returned as a number using <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/long.html?highlight=pylong_fromvoidptr#c.PyLong_FromVoidPtr">PyLong_FromVoidPtr</a>
+under the hood. You should also ensure that you increment the
+reference count on the <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> for as long as the other
+libraries are using the pointer.  It is also a very good idea to call
 <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.sqlitelibversion" title="apsw.sqlitelibversion"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sqlitelibversion()</span></code></a> and ensure it is the same as the other
 libraries.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<span class="target" id="index-37"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-38"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.status">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">status</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">reset</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.status" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">status</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">reset</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.status" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns current and highwater measurements for the database.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
@@ -948,26 +1068,26 @@
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/db_status.html">sqlite3_db_status</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-38"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-39"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.totalchanges">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">totalchanges</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.totalchanges" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">totalchanges</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.totalchanges" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the total number of database rows that have be modified,
 inserted, or deleted since the database connection was opened.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/total_changes.html">sqlite3_total_changes64</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-39"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-40"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.txn_state">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">txn_state</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">schema</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.txn_state" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">txn_state</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">schema</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.txn_state" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the current transaction state of the database, or a specific schema
 if provided.  ValueError is raised if schema is not None or a valid schema name.
-<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.mapping_txn_state</span></code> contains the names and values returned.</p>
+<a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_txn_state" title="apsw.mapping_txn_state"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.mapping_txn_state</span></code></a> contains the names and values returned.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/txn_state.html">sqlite3_txn_state</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-40"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-41"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.wal_autocheckpoint">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">wal_autocheckpoint</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.wal_autocheckpoint" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">wal_autocheckpoint</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.wal_autocheckpoint" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Sets how often the <a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#wal"><span class="std std-ref">Write Ahead Logging</span></a> checkpointing is run.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
@@ -978,9 +1098,9 @@
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/wal_autocheckpoint.html">sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-41"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-42"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Connection.wal_checkpoint">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">wal_checkpoint</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dbname</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">apsw.SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.wal_checkpoint" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Connection.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">wal_checkpoint</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dbname</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">apsw.SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Connection.wal_checkpoint" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Does a WAL checkpoint.  Has no effect if the database(s) are not in WAL mode.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
@@ -1008,20 +1128,89 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Connections to a database</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#connection-class">Connection class</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#connection-class">Connection class</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.__enter__"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.__enter__()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.__exit__"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.__exit__()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.authorizer"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.authorizer</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.autovacuum_pages"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.autovacuum_pages()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.backup"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.backup()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.blobopen"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.blobopen()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.cache_stats"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.cache_stats()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.changes"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.changes()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.close"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.close()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.collationneeded"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.collationneeded()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.config"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.config()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.createaggregatefunction"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.createaggregatefunction()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.createcollation"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.createcollation()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.createmodule"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.createmodule()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.createscalarfunction"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.createscalarfunction()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.cursor"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.cursor()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.cursor_factory"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.cursor_factory</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.db_filename"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.db_filename()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.db_names"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.db_names()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.deserialize"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.deserialize()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.enableloadextension"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.enableloadextension()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.exectrace"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.exectrace</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.execute"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.execute()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.executemany"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.executemany()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.filecontrol"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.filecontrol()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.filename"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.filename</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.getautocommit"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.getautocommit()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.getexectrace"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.getexectrace()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.getrowtrace"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.getrowtrace()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.in_transaction"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.in_transaction</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.interrupt"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.interrupt()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.last_insert_rowid"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.last_insert_rowid()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.limit"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.limit()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.loadextension"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.loadextension()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.open_flags"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.open_flags</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.open_vfs"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.open_vfs</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.overloadfunction"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.overloadfunction()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.readonly"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.readonly()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.rowtrace"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.rowtrace</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.serialize"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.serialize()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.set_last_insert_rowid"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.set_last_insert_rowid()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.setauthorizer"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setauthorizer()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.setbusyhandler"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setbusyhandler()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.setbusytimeout"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setbusytimeout()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.setcommithook"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setcommithook()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.setexectrace"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setexectrace()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.setprofile"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setprofile()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.setprogresshandler"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setprogresshandler()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.setrollbackhook"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setrollbackhook()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.setrowtrace"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setrowtrace()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.setupdatehook"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setupdatehook()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.setwalhook"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setwalhook()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.sqlite3pointer"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.sqlite3pointer()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.status"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.status()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.totalchanges"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.totalchanges()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.txn_state"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.txn_state()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.wal_autocheckpoint"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.wal_autocheckpoint()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Connection.wal_checkpoint"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.wal_checkpoint()</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
 
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-  <p class="topless"><a href="apsw.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">APSW Module</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="cursor.html"
-                        title="next chapter">Cursors (executing SQL)</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="apsw.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">APSW Module</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="cursor.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Cursors (executing SQL)</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -1038,7 +1227,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -1058,15 +1247,15 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="apsw.html" title="APSW Module"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Connections to a database</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/copyright.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/copyright.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/copyright.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/copyright.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>Copyright and License &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Copyright and License &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="benchmarking.html" title="Benchmarking"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Copyright and License</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="copyright-and-license">
-<h1>Copyright and License<a class="headerlink" href="#copyright-and-license" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<h1>Copyright and License<a class="headerlink" href="#copyright-and-license" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p>Copyright (C) 2004-2022 <a class="reference external" href="mailto:rogerb&#37;&#52;&#48;rogerbinns&#46;com">Roger Binns</a>
 See src/traceback.c for code by Greg Ewing.</p>
 <p>This software is provided ‘as-is’, without any express or implied
@@ -85,12 +87,16 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="benchmarking.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">Benchmarking</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="changes.html"
-                        title="next chapter">Change History</a></p>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="benchmarking.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">Benchmarking</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="changes.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Change History</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -107,7 +113,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -127,15 +133,15 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="benchmarking.html" title="Benchmarking"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Copyright and License</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="#">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/cursor.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/cursor.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/cursor.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/cursor.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>Cursors (executing SQL) &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Cursors (executing SQL) &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="connection.html" title="Connections to a database"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Cursors (executing SQL)</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,9 +56,12 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="cursors-executing-sql">
-<span id="cursors"></span><h1>Cursors (executing SQL)<a class="headerlink" href="#cursors-executing-sql" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
-<p>A cursor encapsulates a SQL query and returning results.  To make a
-new cursor you should call <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.cursor" title="apsw.Connection.cursor"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cursor()</span></code></a> on your
+<span id="cursors"></span><h1>Cursors (executing SQL)<a class="headerlink" href="#cursors-executing-sql" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
+<p>A cursor encapsulates a SQL query and returning results.  You only need an
+explicit cursor if you want more information or control over execution.  Using
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.execute" title="apsw.Connection.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.execute()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.executemany" title="apsw.Connection.executemany"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.executemany()</span></code></a> will automatically
+obtain a cursor behind the scenes.</p>
+<p>If you need a cursor you should call <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.cursor" title="apsw.Connection.cursor"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cursor()</span></code></a> on your
 database:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;databasefilename&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
@@ -82,7 +87,7 @@
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into example values(?, ?)&quot;</span>
 <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8390823904</span><span class="p">))</span>
 
-<span class="c1"># You can also use dictionaries</span>
+<span class="c1"># You can also use dictionaries (with colon, $, or @ before names)</span>
 <span class="n">sql</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into example values(:title, :isbn)&quot;</span>
 <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;isbn&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">8390823904</span><span class="p">})</span>
 
@@ -95,10 +100,10 @@
 <p>Cursors are cheap.  Use as many as you need.  It is safe to use them
 across threads, such as calling <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execute()</span></code></a> in one thread,
 passing the cursor to another thread that then calls
-<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.next()</span></code>.  The only thing you can’t do is call methods at
+<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html?highlight=next#next">next</a>.  The only thing you can’t do is call methods at
 exactly the same time on the same cursor in two different threads - eg
 trying to call <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execute()</span></code></a> in both at the same time, or
-<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execute()</span></code></a> in one and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.next()</span></code> in another.
+<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execute()</span></code></a> in one and <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html?highlight=next#next">next</a> in another.
 (If you do attempt this, it will be detected and
 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#apsw.ThreadingViolationError" title="apsw.ThreadingViolationError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ThreadingViolationError</span></code></a> will be raised.)</p>
 <p>Behind the scenes a <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor</span></code></a> maps to a <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/stmt.html">SQLite statement</a>.  APSW maintains a
@@ -112,8 +117,7 @@
 <div class="admonition note">
 <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
 <p>SQLite fetches data as it is needed.  If table <em>example</em> had 10
-million rows it would only get the next row as requested (the for
-loop effectively calls <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">next()</span></code> to get each row).  This
+million rows it would only get the next row as requested.  This
 code would not work as expected:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select * from example&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert .....&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@@ -156,7 +160,7 @@
 </ul>
 </div>
 <section id="cursor-class">
-<h2>Cursor class<a class="headerlink" href="#cursor-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Cursor class<a class="headerlink" href="#cursor-class" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <dl class="py class">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Cursor</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
@@ -177,7 +181,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.close">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">close</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">force</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">close</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">force</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>It is very unlikely you will need to call this method.  It exists
 because older versions of SQLite required all Connection/Cursor
 activity to be confined to the same thread.  That is no longer the
@@ -200,16 +204,60 @@
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.connection">
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">connection</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><span class="pre">Connection</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.connection" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> this cursor is using</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.description">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">description</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.description" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">description</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.description" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Based on the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/">DB-API cursor property</a>, this returns the
 same as <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.getdescription" title="apsw.Cursor.getdescription"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getdescription()</span></code></a> but with 5 Nones appended.  See
 also <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/131">APSW issue 131</a>.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-0"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-0"></span><dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.description_full">
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">description_full</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.description_full" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd></dd></dl>
+
+<p>Only present if SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA was defined at
+compile time.</p>
+<p>Returns all information about the query result columns. In
+addition to the name and declared type, you also get the database
+name, table name, and origin name.</p>
+<dl class="simple">
+<dt>Calls:</dt><dd><ul class="simple">
+<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_name.html">sqlite3_column_name</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_decltype.html">sqlite3_column_decltype</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_database_name.html">sqlite3_column_database_name</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_database_name.html">sqlite3_column_table_name</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_database_name.html">sqlite3_column_origin_name</a></p></li>
+</ul>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.exectrace">
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">exectrace</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.ExecTracer" title="apsw.ExecTracer"><span class="pre">ExecTracer</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.exectrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Called with the cursor, statement and bindings for
+each <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execute()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.executemany" title="apsw.Cursor.executemany"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">executemany()</span></code></a> on this
+cursor.</p>
+<p>If <em>callable</em> is <em>None</em> then any existing execution tracer is
+unregistered.</p>
+<div class="admonition seealso">
+<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#tracing"><span class="std std-ref">Tracing</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#executiontracer"><span class="std std-ref">Execution Tracer</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.exectrace" title="apsw.Connection.exectrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.exectrace</span></code></a></p></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<span class="target" id="index-1"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.execute">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">execute</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">statements</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bindings</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Bindings</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><span class="pre">Cursor</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">execute</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">statements</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bindings</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.Bindings" title="apsw.Bindings"><span class="pre">Bindings</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">can_cache</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">prepare_flags</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><span class="pre">Cursor</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Executes the statements using the supplied bindings.  Execution
 returns when the first row is available or all statements have
 completed.</p>
@@ -220,6 +268,10 @@
 <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">books</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">begin;</span> <span class="pre">insert</span> <span class="pre">into</span> <span class="pre">books</span> <span class="pre">...;</span> <span class="pre">select</span>
 <span class="pre">last_insert_rowid();</span> <span class="pre">end</span></code>.</p></li>
 <li><p><strong>bindings</strong> – If supplied should either be a sequence or a dictionary.  Each item must be one of the <a class="reference internal" href="types.html#types"><span class="std std-ref">supported types</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><strong>can_cache</strong> – If False then the statement cache will not be used to find an already prepared query, nor will it be
+placed in the cache after execution</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>prepare_flags</strong> – <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.htm">flags</a> passed to
+<a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite_prepare_v3</a></p></li>
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
@@ -258,7 +310,7 @@
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Raises</dt>
 <dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
-<li><p><strong>TypeError</strong> – The bindings supplied were neither a dict nor a sequence</p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="(in Python v3.11)"><strong>TypeError</strong></a> – The bindings supplied were neither a dict nor a sequence</p></li>
 <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#apsw.BindingsError" title="apsw.BindingsError"><strong>BindingsError</strong></a> – You supplied too many or too few bindings for the statements</p></li>
 <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#apsw.IncompleteExecutionError" title="apsw.IncompleteExecutionError"><strong>IncompleteExecutionError</strong></a> – There are remaining unexecuted queries from your last execute</p></li>
 </ul>
@@ -268,12 +320,11 @@
 <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#executionmodel"><span class="std std-ref">Execution model</span></a></p></li>
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-cursor"><span class="std std-ref">Example</span></a></p></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <dl class="simple">
 <dt>Calls:</dt><dd><ul class="simple">
-<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare_v2</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare_v3</a></p></li>
 <li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/step.html">sqlite3_step</a></p></li>
 <li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html">sqlite3_bind_int64</a></p></li>
 <li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html">sqlite3_bind_null</a></p></li>
@@ -288,7 +339,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.executemany">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">executemany</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">statements</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sequenceofbindings</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Sequence</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Bindings</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><span class="pre">Cursor</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.executemany" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">executemany</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">statements</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sequenceofbindings</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Sequence</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.Bindings" title="apsw.Bindings"><span class="pre">Bindings</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">can_cache</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">prepare_flags</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><span class="pre">Cursor</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.executemany" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>This method is for when you want to execute the same statements over
 a sequence of bindings.  Conceptually it does this:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">binding</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">sequenceofbindings</span><span class="p">:</span>
@@ -309,9 +360,25 @@
 information.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
+<span class="target" id="index-2"></span><dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.expanded_sql">
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">expanded_sql</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.expanded_sql" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>The SQL text with bound parameters expanded.  For example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select ?, ?&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;three&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>would return:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">select</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;three&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Note that while SQLite supports nulls in strings, their implementation
+of sqlite3_expanded_sql stops at the first null.</p>
+<p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/expanded_sql.html">sqlite3_expanded_sql</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.fetchall">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fetchall</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">list</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.fetchall" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fetchall</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#list" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">list</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.fetchall" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns all remaining result rows as a list.  This method is defined
 in DBAPI.  It is a longer way of doing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list(cursor)</span></code>.</p>
 </dd></dl>
@@ -325,18 +392,12 @@
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.getconnection">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getconnection</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><span class="pre">Connection</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.getconnection" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p>Returns the <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> this cursor belongs to.  An example usage is to get another cursor:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">):</span>
-  <span class="c1"># I don&#39;t want to alter existing cursor, so make a new one</span>
-  <span class="n">mycursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getconnection</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
-  <span class="n">mycursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;....&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
+<dd><p>Returns the <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.connection" title="apsw.Cursor.connection"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection</span></code></a> this cursor is using</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<span class="target" id="index-1"></span><dl class="py method">
+<span class="target" id="index-3"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.getdescription">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getdescription</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.getdescription" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getdescription</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.getdescription" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>If you are trying to get information about a table or view,
 then <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_table_info">pragma table_info</a>
 is better.</p>
@@ -395,9 +456,8 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.getexectrace">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getexectrace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">ExecTracer</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.getexectrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p>Returns the currently installed (via <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.setexectrace" title="apsw.Cursor.setexectrace"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setexectrace()</span></code></a>)
-execution tracer.</p>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getexectrace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.ExecTracer" title="apsw.ExecTracer"><span class="pre">ExecTracer</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.getexectrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Returns the currently installed <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.exectrace" title="apsw.Cursor.exectrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execution</span> <span class="pre">tracer</span></code></a></p>
 <div class="admonition seealso">
 <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
 <ul class="simple">
@@ -408,7 +468,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.getrowtrace">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getrowtrace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">RowTracer</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.getrowtrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getrowtrace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.RowTracer" title="apsw.RowTracer"><span class="pre">RowTracer</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.getrowtrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the currently installed (via <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.setrowtrace" title="apsw.Cursor.setrowtrace"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setrowtrace()</span></code></a>)
 row tracer.</p>
 <div class="admonition seealso">
@@ -419,42 +479,52 @@
 </div>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.setexectrace">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setexectrace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">ExecTracer</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.setexectrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><em>callable</em> is called with the cursor, statement and bindings for
-each <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execute()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.executemany" title="apsw.Cursor.executemany"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">executemany()</span></code></a> on this
-cursor.</p>
-<p>If <em>callable</em> is <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> then any existing execution tracer is
-unregistered.</p>
-<div class="admonition seealso">
-<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
-<ul class="simple">
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#tracing"><span class="std std-ref">Tracing</span></a></p></li>
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#executiontracer"><span class="std std-ref">Execution Tracer</span></a></p></li>
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.setexectrace" title="apsw.Connection.setexectrace"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setexectrace()</span></code></a></p></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
+<span class="target" id="index-4"></span><dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.is_explain">
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_explain</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.is_explain" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Returns 0 if executing a normal query, 1 if it is an EXPLAIN query,
+and 2 if an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN query.</p>
+<p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/stmt_isexplain.html">sqlite3_stmt_isexplain</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
-<dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.setrowtrace">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setrowtrace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">RowTracer</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.setrowtrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><em>callable</em> is called with cursor and row being returned.  You can
+<span class="target" id="index-5"></span><dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.is_readonly">
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_readonly</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.is_readonly" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Returns True if the current query does not change the database.</p>
+<p>Note that called functions, virtual tables etc could make changes though.</p>
+<p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/stmt_readonly.html">sqlite3_stmt_readonly</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.rowtrace">
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">rowtrace</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.RowTracer" title="apsw.RowTracer"><span class="pre">RowTracer</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.rowtrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Called with cursor and row being returned.  You can
 change the data that is returned or cause the row to be skipped
 altogether.</p>
-<p>If <em>callable</em> is <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> then any existing row tracer is
+<p>If <em>callable</em> is <em>None</em> then any existing row tracer is
 unregistered.</p>
 <div class="admonition seealso">
 <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#tracing"><span class="std std-ref">Tracing</span></a></p></li>
 <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#rowtracer"><span class="std std-ref">Row Tracer</span></a></p></li>
-<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.setexectrace" title="apsw.Connection.setexectrace"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setexectrace()</span></code></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.rowtrace" title="apsw.Connection.rowtrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.rowtrace</span></code></a></p></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </dd></dl>
 
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.setexectrace">
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setexectrace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.ExecTracer" title="apsw.ExecTracer"><span class="pre">ExecTracer</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.setexectrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Sets the <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.exectrace" title="apsw.Cursor.exectrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execution</span> <span class="pre">tracer</span></code></a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Cursor.setrowtrace">
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">Cursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">setrowtrace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.RowTracer" title="apsw.RowTracer"><span class="pre">RowTracer</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Cursor.setrowtrace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Sets the <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.rowtrace" title="apsw.Cursor.rowtrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">row</span> <span class="pre">tracer</span></code></a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
 </section>
 </section>
 
@@ -465,20 +535,52 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Cursors (executing SQL)</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cursor-class">Cursor class</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cursor-class">Cursor class</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.__iter__"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.__iter__()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.__next__"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.__next__()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.close"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.close()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.connection"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.connection</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.description"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.description</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.description_full"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.description_full</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.exectrace"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.exectrace</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.execute()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.executemany"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.executemany()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.expanded_sql"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.expanded_sql</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.fetchall"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.fetchall()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.fetchone"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.fetchone()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.getconnection"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.getconnection()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.getdescription"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.getdescription()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.getexectrace"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.getexectrace()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.getrowtrace"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.getrowtrace()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.is_explain"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.is_explain</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.is_readonly"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.is_readonly</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.rowtrace"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.rowtrace</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.setexectrace"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.setexectrace()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Cursor.setrowtrace"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.setrowtrace()</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
 
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="connection.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">Connections to a database</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="blob.html"
-                        title="next chapter">Blob Input/Output</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="connection.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">Connections to a database</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="blob.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Blob Input/Output</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -495,7 +597,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -515,15 +617,15 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="connection.html" title="Connections to a database"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Cursors (executing SQL)</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/dbapi.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/dbapi.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/dbapi.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/dbapi.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>DBAPI notes &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>DBAPI notes &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
     <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="copyright.html" />
-    <link rel="next" title="pysqlite differences" href="pysqlite.html" />
+    <link rel="next" title="sqlite3 module differences" href="pysqlite.html" />
     <link rel="prev" title="Execution and tracing" href="execution.html" />
  
 <script type="text/javascript">
@@ -38,12 +40,12 @@
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
-          <a href="pysqlite.html" title="pysqlite differences"
+          <a href="pysqlite.html" title="sqlite3 module differences"
              accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="execution.html" title="Execution and tracing"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">DBAPI notes</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,19 +56,17 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="dbapi-notes">
-<span id="dbapinotes"></span><h1>DBAPI notes<a class="headerlink" href="#dbapi-notes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
-<p>DBAPI is defined in <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249"><strong>PEP 249</strong></a>. This section describes how APSW complies or differs from it.</p>
+<span id="dbapinotes"></span><h1>DBAPI notes<a class="headerlink" href="#dbapi-notes" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
+<p>DBAPI is defined in <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0249/"><strong>PEP 249</strong></a>. This section describes how APSW complies or differs from it.</p>
 <section id="module-interface">
-<h2>Module Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#module-interface" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Module Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#module-interface" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>There is no connect method. Use the <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> constructor instead.</p>
-<p>The Connection object and any cursors can be used in any thread.  As
-an extreme example, you could call <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.next()</span></code> in separate
-threads each thread getting the next row.  You cannot use the cursor
-concurrently in multiple threads for example calling
-<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.execute()</span></code></a> at the same time.  If you attempt to do so then
-an <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#apsw.ThreadingViolationError" title="apsw.ThreadingViolationError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exception</span></code></a> will be raised. The
-Python Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) is released during all SQLite API
-calls allowing for maximum concurrency.</p>
+<p>The Connection object and any cursors can be used in any thread.  You
+cannot use the cursor concurrently in multiple threads for example
+calling <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.execute()</span></code></a> at the same time.  If you attempt to do
+so then an <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#apsw.ThreadingViolationError" title="apsw.ThreadingViolationError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exception</span></code></a> will be raised.
+The Python Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) is released during all SQLite
+API calls allowing for maximum concurrency.</p>
 <p>Three different paramstyles are supported. Note that SQLite starts
 parameter numbers from one not zero when using <em>qmark/numeric</em> style.</p>
 <table class="docutils align-default">
@@ -84,7 +84,8 @@
 <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>named</p></td>
 <td><div class="line-block">
 <div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">...</span> <span class="pre">WHERE</span> <span class="pre">name=:name</span></code>  or</div>
-<div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">...</span> <span class="pre">WHERE</span> <span class="pre">name=$name</span></code></div>
+<div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">...</span> <span class="pre">WHERE</span> <span class="pre">name=$name</span></code>  or</div>
+<div class="line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">...</span> <span class="pre">WHERE</span> <span class="pre">name=&#64;name</span></code></div>
 </div>
 </td>
 </tr>
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@
 used correspond to specific SQLite error codes.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="connection-objects">
-<h2>Connection Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Connection Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#connection-objects" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>There are no commit or rollback methods. You should use
 <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.execute()</span></code></a> with <cite>BEGIN</cite> and <cite>COMMIT</cite> or <cite>ROLLBACK</cite> as
 appropriate. The <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/lockingv3.html">SQLite documentation</a> has more details.  In particular
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@
 you aware of that.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="cursor-objects">
-<h2>Cursor Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#cursor-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Cursor Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#cursor-objects" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Use <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.getdescription" title="apsw.Cursor.getdescription"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.getdescription()</span></code></a> instead of description. This
 information is only obtained on request.</p>
 <p id="rowcount">There is no rowcount.  Row counts don’t make sense in SQLite any way.
@@ -122,7 +123,8 @@
 <p><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.executemany" title="apsw.Cursor.executemany"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">executemany()</span></code></a> returns the Cursor object and you can use
 it as an iterator to get the results (if any).</p>
 <p>fetchone is not available. Use the cursor as an iterator, or call
-<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">next()</span></code> to get the next row.</p>
+Python’s <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html?highlight=next#next">next function</a>
+to get the next row.</p>
 <p>fetchmany is not available. Use <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.fetchall" title="apsw.Cursor.fetchall"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fetchall()</span></code></a> to get all
 remaining results.</p>
 <p>nextset is not applicable or implemented.</p>
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@
 <p>Neither setinputsizes or setoutputsize are applicable or implemented.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="type-objects">
-<h2>Type objects<a class="headerlink" href="#type-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Type objects<a class="headerlink" href="#type-objects" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>None of the date or time methods are available since SQLite 3 does not
 have a native date or time type.  There are <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/lang_datefunc.html">functions</a> for
 manipulating dates and time which are represented as strings or
@@ -139,12 +141,12 @@
 <p>Use the standard bytes type for blobs.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="optional-db-api-extensions">
-<h2>Optional DB API Extensions<a class="headerlink" href="#optional-db-api-extensions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Optional DB API Extensions<a class="headerlink" href="#optional-db-api-extensions" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>rownumber is not available.</p>
 <p>Exception classes are not available as attributes of Connection but
 instead are on the <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#module-apsw" title="apsw: Python access to SQLite database library"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw</span></code></a> module.  See <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions"><span class="std std-ref">Exceptions</span></a> for
 more details.</p>
-<p>Use <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.getconnection" title="apsw.Cursor.getconnection"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.getconnection()</span></code></a> to get the associated Connection
+<p>Use <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.connection" title="apsw.Cursor.connection"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.connection</span></code></a> to get the associated Connection
 object from a cursor.</p>
 <p>scroll and messages are not available.</p>
 <p>The Cursor object supports the iterator protocol and this is the only
@@ -169,8 +171,9 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">DBAPI notes</a><ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#module-interface">Module Interface</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#connection-objects">Connection Objects</a></li>
@@ -181,12 +184,17 @@
 </li>
 </ul>
 
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="execution.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">Execution and tracing</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="pysqlite.html"
-                        title="next chapter">pysqlite differences</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="execution.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">Execution and tracing</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="pysqlite.html"
+                          title="next chapter">sqlite3 module differences</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -203,7 +211,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -218,20 +226,20 @@
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
-          <a href="pysqlite.html" title="pysqlite differences"
+          <a href="pysqlite.html" title="sqlite3 module differences"
              >next</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="execution.html" title="Execution and tracing"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">DBAPI notes</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/download.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/download.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/download.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/download.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,25 +1,27 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>Download &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Download &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
     <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="copyright.html" />
     <link rel="next" title="Building" href="build.html" />
-    <link rel="prev" title="Example" href="example.html" />
+    <link rel="prev" title="Example/Tour" href="example.html" />
  
 <script type="text/javascript">
   var _gaq = _gaq || [];
@@ -41,9 +43,9 @@
           <a href="build.html" title="Building"
              accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
-          <a href="example.html" title="Example"
+          <a href="example.html" title="Example/Tour"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Download</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,9 +56,9 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="download">
-<h1>Download<a class="headerlink" href="#download" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<h1>Download<a class="headerlink" href="#download" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <section id="pypi-pip">
-<h2>PyPI/pip<a class="headerlink" href="#pypi-pip" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>PyPI/pip<a class="headerlink" href="#pypi-pip" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>APSW is <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/apsw/">available</a> at PyPI.</p>
 <div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>python3 -m pip install apsw
 </pre></div>
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@
 <p>The PyPi release is made using <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/blob/master/.github/workflows/build-pypi.yml">this github workflow</a>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="source">
-<span id="source-and-binaries"></span><h2>Source<a class="headerlink" href="#source" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="source-and-binaries"></span><h2>Source<a class="headerlink" href="#source" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>You can get the source from <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/apsw/">PyPI</a> which is
 preconfigured to fetch the corresponding SQLite version, and enables all extensions.
 Delete the included <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.cfg</span></code> to remove that.</p>
@@ -86,9 +88,9 @@
 <p>See the <a class="reference internal" href="build.html#recommended-build"><span class="std std-ref">recommended</span></a> way to build or all the
 <a class="reference internal" href="build.html#building"><span class="std std-ref">options available</span></a>.</p>
 <ul class="simple">
-<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/releases/download/3.39.2.0/apsw-3.39.2.0.zip">apsw-3.39.2.0.zip</a>
+<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/releases/download/3.40.0.0/apsw-3.40.0.0.zip">apsw-3.40.0.0.zip</a>
 (Source, includes this HTML Help)</p></li>
-<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/releases/download/3.39.2.0/apsw-3.39.2.0-sigs.zip">apsw-3.39.2.0-sigs.zip</a>
+<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/releases/download/3.40.0.0/apsw-3.40.0.0-sigs.zip">apsw-3.40.0.0-sigs.zip</a>
 GPG signatures for all files</p></li>
 </ul>
 <p>Some Linux distributions also have packages which may trail the SQLite
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@
 </table>
 </section>
 <section id="verifying-your-download">
-<span id="verifydownload"></span><h2>Verifying your download<a class="headerlink" href="#verifying-your-download" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="verifydownload"></span><h2>Verifying your download<a class="headerlink" href="#verifying-your-download" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Downloads are digitally signed so you can verify they have not been
 tampered with.  Download and extract the zip file of signatures listed
 above.  These instructions are for <a class="reference external" href="http://www.gnupg.org/">GNU Privacy Guard</a>.  (GPG is installed as standard on most
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@
 <blockquote>
 <div><p>To verify a file just use –verify specifying the corresponding
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.asc</span></code> filename.  This example verifies the source:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ gpg --verify apsw-3.39.2.0.zip.asc
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ gpg --verify apsw-3.40.0.0.zip.asc
 gpg: Signature made ... date ... using DSA key ID 0DFBD904
 gpg: Good signature from &quot;Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;&quot;
 </pre></div>
@@ -158,7 +160,7 @@
 </div></blockquote>
 </section>
 <section id="source-code-control">
-<h2>Source code control<a class="headerlink" href="#source-code-control" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Source code control<a class="headerlink" href="#source-code-control" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>The source is controlled by Git - start at
 <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw">https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw</a></p>
 </section>
@@ -171,8 +173,9 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Download</a><ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#pypi-pip">PyPI/pip</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#source">Source</a></li>
@@ -182,12 +185,17 @@
 </li>
 </ul>
 
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="example.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">Example</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="build.html"
-                        title="next chapter">Building</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="example.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">Example/Tour</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="build.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Building</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -204,7 +212,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -222,17 +230,17 @@
           <a href="build.html" title="Building"
              >next</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
-          <a href="example.html" title="Example"
+          <a href="example.html" title="Example/Tour"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Download</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/example.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/example.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/example.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/example.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>Example &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Example/Tour &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -43,8 +45,8 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="tips.html" title="Tips"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Example</a></li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Example/Tour</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
 
@@ -53,417 +55,942 @@
         <div class="bodywrapper">
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
-  <section id="example">
-<h1>Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
-<p>This code demonstrates usage of the APSW api.  It gives you a good
-overview of all the things that can be done.  Also included is output
-so you can see what gets printed when you run the code.</p>
+  <section id="example-tour">
+<h1>Example/Tour<a class="headerlink" href="#example-tour" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
+<p>This code demonstrates usage of APSW.  It gives you a good overview of
+all the things that can be done.  Also included is output so you can
+see what gets printed when you run the code.</p>
 <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="ch">#!/usr/bin/env python3</span>
 
+<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">__future__</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">annotations</span>
+
 <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
 <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>
 <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">time</span>
 <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">apsw</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">random</span>
 
 <span class="c1"># Note: this code uses Python&#39;s optional typing annotations.  You can</span>
 <span class="c1"># ignore them and do not need to use them</span>
 <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">typing</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Iterator</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Tuple</span>
-
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### Check we have the expected version of apsw and sqlite</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-
-<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;      Using APSW file&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__file__</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># from the extension module</span>
-<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;         APSW version&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">apswversion</span><span class="p">())</span>  <span class="c1"># from the extension module</span>
-<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;   SQLite lib version&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sqlitelibversion</span><span class="p">())</span>  <span class="c1"># from the sqlite library code</span>
-<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;SQLite header version&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># from the sqlite header file at compile time</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>|       Using APSW file /space/apsw/apsw/__init__.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
-|          APSW version 3.39.2.0
-|    SQLite lib version 3.39.2
-| SQLite header version 3039002
+<section id="checking-apsw-and-sqlite-versions">
+<span id="example-version-check"></span><span id="index-0"></span><h2>Checking APSW and SQLite versions<a class="headerlink" href="#checking-apsw-and-sqlite-versions" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Where the extension module is on the filesystem</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;      Using APSW file&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__file__</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># From the extension</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;         APSW version&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">apswversion</span><span class="p">())</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># From the sqlite header file at APSW compile time</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;SQLite header version&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># The SQLite code running</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;   SQLite lib version&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sqlitelibversion</span><span class="p">())</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># If True then SQLite is incorporated into the extension.</span>
+<span class="c1"># If False then a shared library is being used, or static linking</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;   Using amalgamation&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">using_amalgamation</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">      Using APSW file /space/apsw/./apsw/__init__.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so</span>
+<span class="go">         APSW version 3.40.0.0</span>
+<span class="go">SQLite header version 3040000</span>
+<span class="go">   SQLite lib version 3.40.0</span>
+<span class="go">   Using amalgamation True</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### Opening/creating database</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-
+</section>
+<section id="opening-the-database">
+<span id="example-open-db"></span><span id="index-1"></span><h2>Opening the database<a class="headerlink" href="#opening-the-database" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>You open the database by using <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a></p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Default will create the database if it doesn&#39;t exist</span>
 <span class="n">connection</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;dbfile&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate" id="example-cursor"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### simple statement</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create table foo(x,y,z)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### using different types</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into foo values(?,?,?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">))</span>  <span class="c1"># integer, float/real, Null</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into foo(x) values(?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;abc&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>  <span class="c1"># string (note trailing comma to ensure tuple!)</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span>
-    <span class="s2">&quot;insert into foo(x) values(?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>  <span class="c1"># a blob (binary data)</span>
-    <span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">b</span><span class="s2">&quot;abc</span><span class="se">\xff\xfe</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
-
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### multiple statements</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span>
-    <span class="s2">&quot;delete from foo; insert into foo values(1,2,3); create table bar(a,b,c) ; insert into foo values(4, &#39;five&#39;, 6.0)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### iterator</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
+<span class="c1"># Open existing read-only</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;dbfile&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flags</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
-<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">z</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select x,y,z from foo&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
-    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getdescription</span><span class="p">())</span>  <span class="c1"># shows column names and declared types</span>
-    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">z</span><span class="p">)</span>
-
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### iterator - multiple statements</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-
-<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">o</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select x,y,z from foo ; select a,b,c from bar&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
-    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">o</span><span class="p">)</span>
-
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### bindings - sequence</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into foo values(?,?,?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;eight&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">))</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into foo values(?,?,?1)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;one&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;two&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>  <span class="c1"># nb sqlite does the numbers from 1</span>
-
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### bindings - dictionary</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into foo values(:alpha, :beta, :gamma)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">&#39;alpha&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;beta&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;gamma&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;three&#39;</span><span class="p">})</span>
+<span class="c1"># Open existing read-write (exception if it doesn&#39;t exist)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;dbfile&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flags</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate" id="example-exectrace"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### tracing execution</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
+</section>
+<section id="executing-sql">
+<span id="example-executing-sql"></span><span id="index-2"></span><h2>Executing SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#executing-sql" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Use <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.execute" title="apsw.Connection.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.execute()</span></code></a> to execute SQL</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create table point(x,y,z)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into point values(1, 2, 3)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># You can use multiple ; separated statements</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+<span class="s2">    insert into point values(4, 5, 6);</span>
+<span class="s2">    create table log(timestamp, event);</span>
+<span class="s2">    create table foo(a, b, c);</span>
+<span class="s2">    create table important(secret, data);</span>
+<span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
-<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">mytrace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Cursor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">statement</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Bindings</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
-    <span class="s2">&quot;Called just before executing each statement&quot;</span>
-    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;SQL:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">statement</span><span class="p">)</span>
-    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">:</span>
-        <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Bindings:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">)</span>
-    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">True</span>  <span class="c1"># if you return False then execution is aborted</span>
+<span class="c1"># read rows</span>
+<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select * from point&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">(1, 2, 3)</span>
+<span class="go">(4, 5, 6)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section id="why-you-use-bindings-to-provide-values">
+<span id="example-why-bindings"></span><span id="index-3"></span><h2>Why you use bindings to provide values<a class="headerlink" href="#why-you-use-bindings-to-provide-values" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>It is tempting to compose strings with the values in them, but it is
+easy to mangle the query especially if values contain punctuation
+and unicode.  It is known as <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_injection">SQL injection</a>. Bindings are the
+correct way to supply values to queries.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># a simple value</span>
+<span class="n">event</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;system started&quot;</span>
+<span class="c1"># DO NOT DO THIS</span>
+<span class="n">query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;insert into log values(0, &#39;&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">event</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&#39;)&quot;</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;query:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">query</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># BECAUSE ... a bad guy could provide a value like this</span>
+<span class="n">event</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;bad guy here&#39;) ; drop table important; -- &quot;</span>
+<span class="c1"># which has effects like this</span>
+<span class="n">query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;insert into log values(0, &#39;&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">event</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&#39;)&quot;</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;bad guy:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">query</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">query: insert into log values(0, &#39;system started&#39;)</span>
+<span class="go">bad guy: insert into log values(0, &#39;bad guy here&#39;) ; drop table important; -- &#39;)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section id="bindings-sequence">
+<span id="example-bindings-sequence"></span><span id="index-4"></span><h2>Bindings (sequence)<a class="headerlink" href="#bindings-sequence" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Bindings can be provided as a sequence such as with
+a tuple or list.  Use <strong>?</strong> to show where the values go.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;insert into log values(?, ?)&quot;</span>
+<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;restart&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># You can also use numbers after the ? to select</span>
+<span class="c1"># values from the sequence.  Note that numbering</span>
+<span class="c1"># starts at 1</span>
+<span class="n">query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;select ?1, ?3, ?2&quot;</span>
+<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;alpha&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;beta&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;gamma&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">):</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">(&#39;alpha&#39;, &#39;gamma&#39;, &#39;beta&#39;)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section id="bindings-dict">
+<span id="example-bindings-dict"></span><span id="index-5"></span><h2>Bindings (dict)<a class="headerlink" href="#bindings-dict" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>You can also supply bindings with a dictionary.  Use <strong>:NAME</strong>,
+<strong>&#64;NAME</strong>, or <strong>$NAME</strong>, to provide the key name in the query.
+Names are case sensitive.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;insert into point values(:x, @Y, $z)&quot;</span>
+<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;x&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Y&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;z&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section id="using-different-types">
+<span id="example-types"></span><span id="index-6"></span><h2>Using different types<a class="headerlink" href="#using-different-types" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>SQLite supports None, int, float, str, bytes (binary data). If a
+table declaration gives a type then SQLite attempts conversion.
+<a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/flextypegood.html">Read more</a>.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+<span class="s2">    create table types1(a, b, c, d, e);</span>
+<span class="s2">    create table types2(a INTEGER, b REAL, c TEXT, d, e BLOB);</span>
+<span class="s2">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;12&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">5.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sa">b</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\x03\x72\xf4\x00\x9e</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into types1 values(?,?,?,?,?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into types2 values(?,?,?,?,?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select * from types1&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;types1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">repr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">))</span>
 
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setexectrace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mytrace</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;drop table bar ; create table bar(x,y,z); select * from foo where x=?&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select * from types2&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;types2&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">repr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">))</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| SQL: drop table bar ;
-| SQL:  create table bar(x,y,z);
-| SQL:  select * from foo where x=?
-| Bindings: (3,)
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">types1 (&#39;12&#39;, 3, 4, 5.5, b&#39;\x03r\xf4\x00\x9e&#39;)</span>
+<span class="go">types2 (12, 3.0, &#39;4&#39;, 5.5, b&#39;\x03r\xf4\x00\x9e&#39;)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate" id="example-rowtrace"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### tracing results</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
+</section>
+<section id="transactions">
+<span id="example-transaction"></span><span id="index-7"></span><h2>Transactions<a class="headerlink" href="#transactions" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>By default each statement is its own transaction (3 in the
+example below).  A transaction finishes by flushing data to
+storage and waiting for the operating system to confirm it is
+permanently there (ie will survive a power failure) which takes
+a while.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into point values(2, 2, 2)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into point values(3, 3, 3)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into point values(4, 4, 4)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># You can use BEGIN / END to manually make a transaction</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;BEGIN&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into point values(2, 2, 2)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into point values(3, 3, 3)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into point values(4, 4, 4)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;END&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Or use `with`` that does it automatically</span>
+<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into point values(2, 2, 2)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into point values(3, 3, 3)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into point values(4, 4, 4)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Nested transactions are supported</span>
+<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into point values(2, 2, 2)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into point values(3, 3, 3)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into point values(4, 4, 4)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section id="executemany">
+<span id="example-executemany"></span><span id="index-8"></span><h2>executemany<a class="headerlink" href="#executemany" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>You can execute the same SQL against a sequence using
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.executemany" title="apsw.Connection.executemany"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.executemany()</span></code></a></p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+    <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span>
+    <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span>
+    <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span>
+    <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">),</span>
+    <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">),</span>
+<span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;insert into point values(?,?,?)&quot;</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># we do it in a transaction</span>
+<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="c1"># the query is run for each item in data</span>
+    <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">executemany</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section id="tracing-execution">
+<span id="example-exectrace"></span><span id="index-9"></span><h2>Tracing execution<a class="headerlink" href="#tracing-execution" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>You can trace execution of SQL statements.  See <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#tracing"><span class="std std-ref">more about
+tracing</span></a>.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">my_tracer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Cursor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">statement</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Bindings</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;Called just before executing each statement&quot;</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;SQL:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">statement</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">())</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Bindings:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">True</span>  <span class="c1"># if you return False then execution is aborted</span>
+
 
-<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">rowtrace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Cursor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValues</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValues</span><span class="p">:</span>
+<span class="c1"># you can trace a single cursor</span>
+<span class="n">cursor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exectrace</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">my_tracer</span>
+<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span>
+    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+<span class="sd">        drop table if exists bar;</span>
+<span class="sd">        create table bar(x,y,z);</span>
+<span class="sd">        select * from point where x=?;</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># if set on a connection then all cursors are traced</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exectrace</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">my_tracer</span>
+<span class="c1"># and clearing it</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exectrace</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">SQL: drop table if exists bar;</span>
+<span class="go">Bindings: ()</span>
+<span class="go">SQL: create table bar(x,y,z);</span>
+<span class="go">Bindings: ()</span>
+<span class="go">SQL: select * from point where x=?;</span>
+<span class="go">Bindings: (3,)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section id="tracing-returned-rows">
+<span id="example-rowtrace"></span><span id="index-10"></span><h2>Tracing returned rows<a class="headerlink" href="#tracing-returned-rows" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>You can trace returned rows, including modifying what is returned or
+skipping it completely.  See <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#tracing"><span class="std std-ref">more about tracing</span></a>.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">row_tracer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Cursor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValues</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValues</span><span class="p">:</span>
     <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Called with each row of results before they are handed off.  You can return None to</span>
 <span class="sd">    cause the row to be skipped or a different set of values to return&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Row:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span>
     <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">row</span>
 
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setrowtrace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtrace</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select x,y from foo where x&gt;3&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># you can trace a single cursor</span>
+<span class="n">cursor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rowtrace</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">row_tracer</span>
+<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select x,y from point where x&gt;4&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
     <span class="k">pass</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># if set on a connection then all cursors are traced</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rowtrace</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">row_tracer</span>
+<span class="c1"># and clearing it</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rowtrace</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| SQL: select x,y from foo where x&gt;3
-| Row: (4, &#39;five&#39;)
-| Row: (7, &#39;eight&#39;)
-| Row: (&#39;one&#39;, &#39;two&#39;)
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Clear tracers</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setrowtrace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setexectrace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
-
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### executemany</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-
-<span class="c1"># (This will work correctly with multiple statements, as well as statements that</span>
-<span class="c1"># return data.  The second argument can be anything that is iterable.)</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">executemany</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into foo (x) values(?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]))</span>
-
-<span class="c1"># You can also use it for statements that return data</span>
-<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">executemany</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select * from foo where x=?&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">])):</span>
-    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">Row: (7, 8)</span>
+<span class="go">Row: (5, 5)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate" id="scalar-example"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### defining your own functions</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-
-<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">ilove7</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValue</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
-    <span class="s2">&quot;a scalar function&quot;</span>
-    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;ilove7 got&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;but I love 7&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</section>
+<section id="defining-your-own-functions">
+<span id="example-scalar"></span><span id="index-11"></span><h2>Defining your own functions<a class="headerlink" href="#defining-your-own-functions" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Scalar functions take one or more values and return one value.  They
+are registered by calling <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.createscalarfunction" title="apsw.Connection.createscalarfunction"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.createscalarfunction()</span></code></a>.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">ilove7</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValue</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;A scalar function&quot;</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;ilove7 got </span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="n">args</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2"> but I love 7&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
     <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">7</span>
 
+
 <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">createscalarfunction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;seven&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ilove7</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
-<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select seven(x,y) from foo&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
-    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select seven(x,y) from point where x&gt;4&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;row&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| ilove7 got (1, 2) but I love 7
-| (7,)
-| ilove7 got (4, &#39;five&#39;) but I love 7
-| (7,)
-| ilove7 got (7, &#39;eight&#39;) but I love 7
-| (7,)
-| ilove7 got (&#39;one&#39;, &#39;two&#39;) but I love 7
-| (7,)
-| ilove7 got (1, 2) but I love 7
-| (7,)
-| ilove7 got (1, None) but I love 7
-| (7,)
-| ilove7 got (2, None) but I love 7
-| (7,)
-| ilove7 got (3, None) but I love 7
-| (7,)
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate" id="aggregate-example"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### aggregate functions are more complex</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-
-<span class="c1"># Here we return the longest item when represented as a string.</span>
-
-<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">longest</span><span class="p">:</span>
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">ilove7 got (7, 8) but I love 7</span>
+<span class="go">row (7,)</span>
+<span class="go">ilove7 got (5, 5) but I love 7</span>
+<span class="go">row (7,)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section id="defining-aggregate-functions">
+<span id="example-aggregate"></span><span id="index-12"></span><h2>Defining aggregate functions<a class="headerlink" href="#defining-aggregate-functions" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Aggregate functions are called multiple times with matching rows,
+and then provide a final value.  An example is calculating an
+average.  They are registered by calling
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.createaggregatefunction" title="apsw.Connection.createaggregatefunction"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.createaggregatefunction()</span></code></a>.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">longest</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="c1"># Find which value when represented as a string is</span>
+    <span class="c1"># the longest</span>
 
     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
         <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">longest</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
 
     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">step</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValue</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="c1"># Called with each matching row</span>
         <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">arg</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">:</span>
             <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">longest</span><span class="p">):</span>
                 <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">longest</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">final</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="c1"># Called at the very end</span>
         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">longest</span>
 
     <span class="nd">@classmethod</span>
     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">factory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">cls</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">AggregateCallbacks</span><span class="p">:</span>
         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">cls</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="bp">cls</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">step</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">cls</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">final</span>
 
+
 <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">createaggregatefunction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;longest&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">longest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">factory</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select longest(x,y) from foo&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select longest(event) from log&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| (&#39;eight&#39;,)
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">(&#39;restart&#39;,)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate" id="collation-example"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### Defining collations.</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
+</section>
+<section id="defining-collations-sorting">
+<span id="example-collation"></span><span id="index-13"></span><h2>Defining collations (sorting)<a class="headerlink" href="#defining-collations-sorting" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>How you sort can depend on the languages or values involved.  You
+register a collation by calling <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.createcollation" title="apsw.Connection.createcollation"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.createcollation()</span></code></a>.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># This example sorting mechanisms understands some text followed by a</span>
+<span class="c1"># number and ensures the number portion gets sorted correctly</span>
+
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create table names(name)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">executemany</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into names values(?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+    <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;file1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">),</span>
+    <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;file7&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">),</span>
+    <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;file17&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">),</span>
+    <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;file20&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">),</span>
+    <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;file3&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">),</span>
+<span class="p">))</span>
 
-<span class="c1"># The default sorting mechanisms don&#39;t understand numbers at the end of strings</span>
-<span class="c1"># so here we define a collation that does</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Standard sorting&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select * from names order by name&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create table s(str)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">executemany</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into s values(?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">([</span><span class="s2">&quot;file1&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;file7&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;file17&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;file20&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;file3&quot;</span><span class="p">]))</span>
 
-<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select * from s order by str&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
-    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| (&#39;file1&#39;,)
-| (&#39;file17&#39;,)
-| (&#39;file20&#39;,)
-| (&#39;file3&#39;,)
-| (&#39;file7&#39;,)
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">strnumcollate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s1</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValue</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">s2</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValue</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
+<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">str_num_collate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s1</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValue</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">s2</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValue</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
     <span class="c1"># return -1 if s1&lt;s2, +1 if s1&gt;s2 else 0</span>
 
-    <span class="c1"># split values into two parts - the head and the numeric tail</span>
-    <span class="n">values</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)]</span>
-    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">vn</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">values</span><span class="p">):</span>
-        <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
-        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]),</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
-            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="s2">&quot;01234567890&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
-                <span class="k">break</span>
-        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
-            <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][:</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:]))</span>
-            <span class="n">values</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">vn</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">v</span>
-        <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">:</span>
-            <span class="k">pass</span>
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">parts</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+        <span class="n">num</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isdigit</span><span class="p">():</span>
+            <span class="n">num</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">num</span>
+            <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
+
+    <span class="n">ps1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parts</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s1</span><span class="p">))</span>
+    <span class="n">ps2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parts</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="p">))</span>
+
     <span class="c1"># compare</span>
-    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">values</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">values</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">ps1</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">ps2</span><span class="p">:</span>
         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span>
-    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">values</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">values</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">ps1</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">ps2</span><span class="p">:</span>
         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
     <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
 
-<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">createcollation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;strnum&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">strnumcollate</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
-<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select * from s order by str collate strnum&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">createcollation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;strnum&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">str_num_collate</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Using strnum&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select * from names order by name collate strnum&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| (&#39;file1&#39;,)
-| (&#39;file3&#39;,)
-| (&#39;file7&#39;,)
-| (&#39;file17&#39;,)
-| (&#39;file20&#39;,)
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">Standard sorting</span>
+<span class="go">(&#39;file1&#39;,)</span>
+<span class="go">(&#39;file17&#39;,)</span>
+<span class="go">(&#39;file20&#39;,)</span>
+<span class="go">(&#39;file3&#39;,)</span>
+<span class="go">(&#39;file7&#39;,)</span>
+
+<span class="go">Using strnum</span>
+<span class="go">(&#39;file1&#39;,)</span>
+<span class="go">(&#39;file3&#39;,)</span>
+<span class="go">(&#39;file7&#39;,)</span>
+<span class="go">(&#39;file17&#39;,)</span>
+<span class="go">(&#39;file20&#39;,)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section id="accessing-results-by-column-name">
+<span id="example-colnames"></span><span id="index-14"></span><h2>Accessing results by column name<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-results-by-column-name" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>You can access results by column name using <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html#module-dataclasses" title="(in Python v3.11)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dataclasses</span></code></a>.
+APSW provides <a class="reference internal" href="ext.html#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory" title="apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory</span></code></a> for names
+instead</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">apsw.ext</span>
+
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+<span class="s2">    create table books(id, title, author, year);</span>
+<span class="s2">    insert into books values(7, &quot;Animal Farm&quot;, &quot;George Orwell&quot;, 1945);</span>
+<span class="s2">    insert into books values(37, &quot;The Picture of Dorian Gray&quot;, &quot;Oscar Wilde&quot;, 1890);</span>
+<span class="s2">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Normally you use column numbers</span>
+<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select title, id, year from books where author=?&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Oscar Wilde&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)):</span>
+    <span class="c1"># this is very fragile</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;year&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">])</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Turn on dataclasses - frozen makes them read-only</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rowtrace</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ext</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DataClassRowFactory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dataclass_kwargs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;frozen&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">})</span>
+
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">Now with dataclasses</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Same query - note using AS to set column name</span>
+<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;SELECT title,</span>
+<span class="sd">           id AS book_id,</span>
+<span class="sd">           year AS book_year</span>
+<span class="sd">           FROM books WHERE author = ?&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Oscar Wilde&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)):</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">book_id</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;year&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">book_year</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># clear</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rowtrace</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">title The Picture of Dorian Gray</span>
+<span class="go">id 37</span>
+<span class="go">year 1890</span>
+
+<span class="go">Now with dataclasses</span>
+
+<span class="go">title The Picture of Dorian Gray</span>
+<span class="go">id 37</span>
+<span class="go">year 1890</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate" id="authorizer-example"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### Authorizer (eg if you want to control what user supplied SQL can do)</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
+</section>
+<section id="type-conversion-into-out-of-database">
+<span id="example-type-conversion"></span><span id="index-15"></span><h2>Type conversion into/out of database<a class="headerlink" href="#type-conversion-into-out-of-database" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>You can use <a class="reference internal" href="ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory" title="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory</span></code></a> to do
+conversion, both for types you define and for other types.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">apsw.ext</span>
+
+<span class="n">registrar</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ext</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TypesConverterCursorFactory</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor_factory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">registrar</span>
+
+
+<span class="c1"># A type we define - deriving from SQLiteTypeAdapter automatically registers conversion</span>
+<span class="c1"># to a SQLite value</span>
+<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ext</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteTypeAdapter</span><span class="p">):</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">y</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__repr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;Point(</span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">, </span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">)&quot;</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__eq__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">other</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Point</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">other</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Point</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">other</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">other</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">y</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">to_sqlite_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="c1"># called to convert Point into something SQLite supports</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">;</span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
+
+    <span class="c1"># This converter will be registered</span>
+    <span class="nd">@staticmethod</span>
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">convert_from_sqlite</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">Point</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">part</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">part</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;;&quot;</span><span class="p">)))</span>
 
-<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">authorizer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">operation</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">paramone</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">paramtwo</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">databasename</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">triggerorview</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># An existing type</span>
+<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">complex_to_sqlite_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">complex</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">real</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">+</span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">imag</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
+
+
+<span class="c1"># ... requires manual registration</span>
+<span class="n">registrar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_adapter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">complex</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">complex_to_sqlite_value</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># conversion from a SQLite value requires registration</span>
+<span class="n">registrar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_converter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;POINT&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Point</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">convert_from_sqlite</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+
+<span class="c1"># ... and for complex</span>
+<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">sqlite_to_complex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">complex</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">complex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">part</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">part</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;+&quot;</span><span class="p">)))</span>
+
+
+<span class="n">registrar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_converter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;COMPLEX&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sqlite_to_complex</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># note that the type names are case sensitive and must match the</span>
+<span class="c1"># registration</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create table conversion(p POINT, c COMPLEX)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># convert going into database</span>
+<span class="n">test_data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">5.2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">7.6</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into conversion values(?, ?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">test_data</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;inserted&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">test_data</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># and coming back out</span>
+<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select * from conversion&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;back out&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;equal&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">test_data</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># clear registrar</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor_factory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Cursor</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">inserted (Point(5.2, 7.6), (3+4j))</span>
+<span class="go">back out (Point(5.2, 7.6), (3+4j))</span>
+<span class="go">equal True</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section id="query-details">
+<span id="example-query-details"></span><span id="index-16"></span><h2>Query details<a class="headerlink" href="#query-details" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p><a class="reference internal" href="ext.html#apsw.ext.query_info" title="apsw.ext.query_info"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.ext.query_info()</span></code></a> can provide a lot of information about a
+query (without running it)</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">apsw.ext</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># test tables</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+<span class="s2">    create table customers(</span>
+<span class="s2">        id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,</span>
+<span class="s2">        name CHAR,</span>
+<span class="s2">        address CHAR);</span>
+<span class="s2">    create table orders(</span>
+<span class="s2">        id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,</span>
+<span class="s2">        customer_id INTEGER,</span>
+<span class="s2">        item MY_OWN_TYPE);</span>
+<span class="s2">    create index cust_addr on customers(address);</span>
+<span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="n">query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+<span class="s2">    SELECT * FROM orders</span>
+<span class="s2">    JOIN customers ON orders.customer_id=customers.id</span>
+<span class="s2">    WHERE address = ?;</span>
+<span class="s2">    SELECT 7;&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+<span class="n">bindings</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;123 Main Street&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># ask for all information available</span>
+<span class="n">qd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ext</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query_info</span><span class="p">(</span>
+    <span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">,</span>
+    <span class="n">query</span><span class="p">,</span>
+    <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">,</span>
+    <span class="n">actions</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>  <span class="c1"># which tables/views etc and how they are accessed</span>
+    <span class="n">expanded_sql</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>  <span class="c1"># expands bindings into query string</span>
+    <span class="n">explain</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>  <span class="c1"># shows low level VDBE</span>
+    <span class="n">explain_query_plan</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>  <span class="c1"># how SQLite solves the query</span>
+<span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># help with formatting</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pprint</span>
+
+
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;query&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">qd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">bindings&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">qd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">expanded_sql&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">qd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">expanded_sql</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">first_query&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">qd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">first_query</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">query_remaining&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">qd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query_remaining</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">is_explain&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">qd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_explain</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">is_readonly&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">qd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_readonly</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">description</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pprint</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">qd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">description</span><span class="p">))</span>
+<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">hasattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">qd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;description_full&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">description_full</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pprint</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">qd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">description_full</span><span class="p">))</span>
+
+
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">query_plan</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pprint</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">qd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query_plan</span><span class="p">))</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">First 5 actions</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pprint</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">qd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">actions</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]))</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">First 5 explain</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pprint</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pformat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">qd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">explain</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]))</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">query</span>
+<span class="go">    SELECT * FROM orders</span>
+<span class="go">    JOIN customers ON orders.customer_id=customers.id</span>
+<span class="go">    WHERE address = ?;</span>
+<span class="go">    SELECT 7;</span>
+
+<span class="go">bindings (&#39;123 Main Street&#39;,)</span>
+
+<span class="go">expanded_sql</span>
+<span class="go">    SELECT * FROM orders</span>
+<span class="go">    JOIN customers ON orders.customer_id=customers.id</span>
+<span class="go">    WHERE address = &#39;123 Main Street&#39;;</span>
+
+<span class="go">first_query</span>
+<span class="go">    SELECT * FROM orders</span>
+<span class="go">    JOIN customers ON orders.customer_id=customers.id</span>
+<span class="go">    WHERE address = ?;</span>
+
+
+<span class="go">query_remaining SELECT 7;</span>
+
+<span class="go">is_explain 0</span>
+
+<span class="go">is_readonly True</span>
+
+<span class="go">description</span>
+<span class="go"> ((&#39;id&#39;, &#39;INTEGER&#39;),</span>
+<span class="go"> (&#39;customer_id&#39;, &#39;INTEGER&#39;),</span>
+<span class="go"> (&#39;item&#39;, &#39;MY_OWN_TYPE&#39;),</span>
+<span class="go"> (&#39;id&#39;, &#39;INTEGER&#39;),</span>
+<span class="go"> (&#39;name&#39;, &#39;CHAR&#39;),</span>
+<span class="go"> (&#39;address&#39;, &#39;CHAR&#39;))</span>
+
+<span class="go">description_full</span>
+<span class="go"> ((&#39;id&#39;, &#39;INTEGER&#39;, &#39;main&#39;, &#39;orders&#39;, &#39;id&#39;),</span>
+<span class="go"> (&#39;customer_id&#39;, &#39;INTEGER&#39;, &#39;main&#39;, &#39;orders&#39;, &#39;customer_id&#39;),</span>
+<span class="go"> (&#39;item&#39;, &#39;MY_OWN_TYPE&#39;, &#39;main&#39;, &#39;orders&#39;, &#39;item&#39;),</span>
+<span class="go"> (&#39;id&#39;, &#39;INTEGER&#39;, &#39;main&#39;, &#39;customers&#39;, &#39;id&#39;),</span>
+<span class="go"> (&#39;name&#39;, &#39;CHAR&#39;, &#39;main&#39;, &#39;customers&#39;, &#39;name&#39;),</span>
+<span class="go"> (&#39;address&#39;, &#39;CHAR&#39;, &#39;main&#39;, &#39;customers&#39;, &#39;address&#39;))</span>
+
+<span class="go">query_plan</span>
+<span class="go"> QueryPlan(detail=&#39;QUERY PLAN&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">          sub=[QueryPlan(detail=&#39;SCAN orders&#39;, sub=None),</span>
+<span class="go">               QueryPlan(detail=&#39;SEARCH customers USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY &#39;</span>
+<span class="go">                                &#39;(rowid=?)&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">                         sub=None)])</span>
+
+<span class="go">First 5 actions</span>
+<span class="go"> [QueryAction(action=21,</span>
+<span class="go">             action_name=&#39;SQLITE_SELECT&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">             column_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             database_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             file_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             function_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             module_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             operation=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             pragma_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             pragma_value=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             table_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             trigger_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             trigger_or_view=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             view_name=None),</span>
+<span class="go"> QueryAction(action=20,</span>
+<span class="go">             action_name=&#39;SQLITE_READ&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">             column_name=&#39;id&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">             database_name=&#39;main&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">             file_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             function_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             module_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             operation=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             pragma_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             pragma_value=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             table_name=&#39;orders&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">             trigger_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             trigger_or_view=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             view_name=None),</span>
+<span class="go"> QueryAction(action=20,</span>
+<span class="go">             action_name=&#39;SQLITE_READ&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">             column_name=&#39;customer_id&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">             database_name=&#39;main&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">             file_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             function_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             module_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             operation=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             pragma_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             pragma_value=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             table_name=&#39;orders&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">             trigger_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             trigger_or_view=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             view_name=None),</span>
+<span class="go"> QueryAction(action=20,</span>
+<span class="go">             action_name=&#39;SQLITE_READ&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">             column_name=&#39;item&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">             database_name=&#39;main&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">             file_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             function_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             module_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             operation=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             pragma_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             pragma_value=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             table_name=&#39;orders&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">             trigger_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             trigger_or_view=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             view_name=None),</span>
+<span class="go"> QueryAction(action=20,</span>
+<span class="go">             action_name=&#39;SQLITE_READ&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">             column_name=&#39;id&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">             database_name=&#39;main&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">             file_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             function_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             module_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             operation=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             pragma_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             pragma_value=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             table_name=&#39;customers&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">             trigger_name=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             trigger_or_view=None,</span>
+<span class="go">             view_name=None)]</span>
+
+<span class="go">First 5 explain</span>
+<span class="go"> [VDBEInstruction(addr=0,</span>
+<span class="go">                 opcode=&#39;Init&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">                 comment=None,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p1=0,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p2=17,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p3=0,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p4=None,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p5=0),</span>
+<span class="go"> VDBEInstruction(addr=1,</span>
+<span class="go">                 opcode=&#39;OpenRead&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">                 comment=None,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p1=0,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p2=13,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p3=0,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p4=&#39;3&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p5=0),</span>
+<span class="go"> VDBEInstruction(addr=2,</span>
+<span class="go">                 opcode=&#39;OpenRead&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">                 comment=None,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p1=1,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p2=12,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p3=0,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p4=&#39;3&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p5=0),</span>
+<span class="go"> VDBEInstruction(addr=3,</span>
+<span class="go">                 opcode=&#39;Rewind&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">                 comment=None,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p1=0,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p2=16,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p3=0,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p4=None,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p5=0),</span>
+<span class="go"> VDBEInstruction(addr=4,</span>
+<span class="go">                 opcode=&#39;Column&#39;,</span>
+<span class="go">                 comment=None,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p1=0,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p2=1,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p3=1,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p4=None,</span>
+<span class="go">                 p5=0)]</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section id="blob-i-o">
+<span id="example-blob-io"></span><span id="index-17"></span><h2>Blob I/O<a class="headerlink" href="#blob-i-o" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>BLOBS (binary large objects) are supported by SQLite.  Note that you
+cannot change the size of one, but you can allocate one filled with
+zeroes, and then later open it and read / write the contents similar
+to a file, without having the entire blob in memory.  Use
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.blobopen" title="apsw.Connection.blobopen"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.blobopen()</span></code></a> to open a blob.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create table blobby(x,y)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># Add a blob we will fill in later</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into blobby values(1, zeroblob(10000))&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># Or as a binding</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into blobby values(2, ?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zeroblob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20000</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+<span class="c1"># Open a blob for writing.  We need to know the rowid</span>
+<span class="n">rowid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select ROWID from blobby where x=1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<span class="n">blob</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">blobopen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;blobby&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;y&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rowid</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">blob</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">b</span><span class="s2">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">blob</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2000</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">blob</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">b</span><span class="s2">&quot;hello world, again&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">blob</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section id="authorizer-control-what-sql-can-do">
+<span id="example-authorizer"></span><span id="index-18"></span><h2>Authorizer (control what SQL can do)<a class="headerlink" href="#authorizer-control-what-sql-can-do" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>You can allow, deny, or ignore what SQL does.  Use
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.authorizer" title="apsw.Connection.authorizer"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.authorizer</span></code></a> to set an authorizer.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">auth</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">operation</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p1</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">p2</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">db_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">],</span>
+         <span class="n">trigger_or_view</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
     <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Called when each operation is prepared.  We can return SQLITE_OK, SQLITE_DENY or</span>
 <span class="sd">    SQLITE_IGNORE&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
     <span class="c1"># find the operation name</span>
-    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mapping_authorizer_function</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">operation</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">paramone</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">paramtwo</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">databasename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">triggerorview</span><span class="p">)</span>
-    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">operation</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">paramone</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">paramone</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;private&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mapping_authorizer_function</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">operation</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">p1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">db_name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">trigger_or_view</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">operation</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">p1</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">p1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;private&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_DENY</span>  <span class="c1"># not allowed to create tables whose names start with private</span>
 
     <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_OK</span>  <span class="c1"># always allow</span>
 
-<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setauthorizer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">authorizer</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into s values(&#39;foo&#39;)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select str from s limit 1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| SQLITE_INSERT s None main None
-| SQLITE_SELECT None None None None
-| SQLITE_READ s str main None
+
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">authorizer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auth</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into names values(&#39;foo&#39;)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select name from names limit 1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create table private_stuff(secret)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Created secret table!&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">Exception</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Clear authorizer</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">authorizer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Cancel authorizer</span>
-<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setauthorizer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">SQLITE_INSERT names None main None</span>
+<span class="go">SQLITE_SELECT None None None None</span>
+<span class="go">SQLITE_READ names name main None</span>
+<span class="go">SQLITE_INSERT sqlite_master None main None</span>
+<span class="go">SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE private_stuff None main None</span>
+<span class="go">AuthError: not authorized</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate" id="example-progress-handler"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### progress handler (SQLite 3 experimental feature)</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
+</section>
+<section id="progress-handler">
+<span id="example-progress-handler"></span><span id="index-19"></span><h2>Progress handler<a class="headerlink" href="#progress-handler" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Some operations (eg joins, sorting) can take many operations to
+complete.  Register a progress handler callback with
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.setprogresshandler" title="apsw.Connection.setprogresshandler"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setprogresshandler()</span></code></a> which lets you provide
+feedback and allows cancelling.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">some_numbers</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">how_many</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">Iterator</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Tuple</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]]:</span>
+    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">how_many</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="k">yield</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">9999999999</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">)</span>
 
-<span class="c1"># something to give us large numbers of random numbers</span>
-<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">random</span>
 
-<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">randomintegers</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">howmany</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">Iterator</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Tuple</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]]:</span>
-    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">howmany</span><span class="p">):</span>
-        <span class="k">yield</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">9999999999</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># create a table with random numbers</span>
+<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create table numbers(x)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">executemany</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into numbers values(?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">some_numbers</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">))</span>
+
 
-<span class="c1"># create a table with 100 random numbers</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;begin ; create table bigone(x)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">executemany</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into bigone values(?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">randomintegers</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">))</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;commit&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-
-<span class="c1"># display an ascii spinner</span>
-<span class="n">_phcount</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
-<span class="n">_phspinner</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;|/-</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
-
-<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">progresshandler</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
-    <span class="k">global</span> <span class="n">_phcount</span>
-    <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_phspinner</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_phcount</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_phspinner</span><span class="p">)]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">chr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">))</span>  <span class="c1"># chr(8) is backspace</span>
-    <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flush</span><span class="p">()</span>
-    <span class="n">_phcount</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
-    <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.1</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># deliberate delay so we can see the spinner (SQLite is too fast otherwise!)</span>
-    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span>  <span class="c1"># returning non-zero aborts</span>
-
-<span class="c1"># register progresshandler every 20 instructions</span>
-<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setprogresshandler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">progresshandler</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span>
-
-<span class="c1"># see it in action - sorting 100 numbers to find the biggest takes a while</span>
-<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;spinny thing -&gt; &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select max(x) from bigone&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
-    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sep</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-    <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flush</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">progress_handler</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;progress handler called&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">False</span>  <span class="c1"># returning True aborts</span>
 
+
+<span class="c1"># register handler every 50 vdbe instructions</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setprogresshandler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">progress_handler</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Sorting the numbers to find the biggest</span>
+<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">max_num</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select max(x) from numbers&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_num</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Clear handler</span>
 <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setprogresshandler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate" id="example-commithook"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### commit hook (SQLite3 experimental feature)</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-
-<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">mycommithook</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">progress handler called</span>
+<span class="go">progress handler called</span>
+<span class="go">progress handler called</span>
+<span class="go">progress handler called</span>
+<span class="go">progress handler called</span>
+<span class="go">progress handler called</span>
+<span class="go">progress handler called</span>
+<span class="go">progress handler called</span>
+<span class="go">(9996980943,)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section id="commit-hook">
+<span id="example-commit-hook"></span><span id="index-20"></span><h2>Commit hook<a class="headerlink" href="#commit-hook" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>A commit hook can allow or veto commits.  Register a commit hook
+with  <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.setcommithook" title="apsw.Connection.setcommithook"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setcommithook()</span></code></a>.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">my_commit_hook</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;in commit hook&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
     <span class="n">hour</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">localtime</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span>
     <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">hour</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">hour</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span>
         <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;no commits out of hours&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">1</span>  <span class="c1"># abort commits outside of 8am through 6pm</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">True</span>  <span class="c1"># abort commits outside of 8am through 6pm</span>
     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;commits okay at this time&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span>  <span class="c1"># let commit go ahead</span>
+    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">False</span>  <span class="c1"># let commit go ahead</span>
 
-<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setcommithook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mycommithook</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setcommithook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">my_commit_hook</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
-    <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;begin; create table example(x,y,z); insert into example values (3,4,5) ; commit&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create table example(x,y,z); insert into example values (3,4,5)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="k">except</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ConstraintError</span><span class="p">:</span>
     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;commit was not allowed&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
 <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setcommithook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| in commit hook
-| commits okay at this time
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">in commit hook</span>
+<span class="go">no commits out of hours</span>
+<span class="go">commit was not allowed</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate" id="example-updatehook"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### update hook</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-
-<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">myupdatehook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">databasename</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tablename</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rowid</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
-    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Updated: </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> database </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">, table </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">, row </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span>
-          <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mapping_authorizer_function</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">databasename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tablename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rowid</span><span class="p">))</span>
-
-<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setupdatehook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myupdatehook</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into s values(?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;file93&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;update s set str=? where str=?&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;file94&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;file93&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;delete from s where str=?&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;file94&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+</section>
+<section id="update-hook">
+<span id="example-update-hook"></span><span id="index-21"></span><h2>Update hook<a class="headerlink" href="#update-hook" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Update hooks let you know that data has been added, changed, or
+removed.  For example you could use this to discard cached
+information.  Register a hook using
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.setupdatehook" title="apsw.Connection.setupdatehook"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setupdatehook()</span></code></a>.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">my_update_hook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">db_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">table_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rowid</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="n">op</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mapping_authorizer_function</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">]</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;Updated: </span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="n">op</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2"> db </span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="n">db_name</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">, table </span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="n">table_name</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">, rowid </span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="n">rowid</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setupdatehook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">my_update_hook</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into names values(?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;file93&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;update names set name=? where name=?&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;file94&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;file93&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;delete from names where name=?&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;file94&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Clear the hook</span>
 <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setupdatehook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| Updated: SQLITE_INSERT database main, table s, row 7
-| Updated: SQLITE_UPDATE database main, table s, row 7
-| Updated: SQLITE_DELETE database main, table s, row 7
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">Updated: SQLITE_INSERT db main, table names, rowid 7</span>
+<span class="go">Updated: SQLITE_UPDATE db main, table names, rowid 7</span>
+<span class="go">Updated: SQLITE_DELETE db main, table names, rowid 7</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate" id="example-blobio"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### Blob I/O</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
+</section>
+<section id="virtual-tables">
+<span id="example-virtual-tables"></span><span id="index-22"></span><h2>Virtual tables<a class="headerlink" href="#virtual-tables" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Virtual tables let you provide data on demand as a SQLite table so
+you can use SQL queries against that data. <a class="reference internal" href="vtable.html#virtualtables"><span class="std std-ref">Read more about
+virtual tables</span></a>.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># This example provides information about all the files in Python&#39;s</span>
+<span class="c1"># path.  The minimum amount of code needed is shown, and lets SQLite</span>
+<span class="c1"># do all the heavy lifting.  A more advanced table would use indices</span>
+<span class="c1"># and filters to reduce the number of rows shown to SQLite.</span>
 
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create table blobby(x,y)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="c1"># Add a blob we will fill in later</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into blobby values(1,zeroblob(10000))&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="c1"># Or as a binding</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into blobby values(2,?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zeroblob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20000</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">))</span>
-<span class="c1"># Open a blob for writing.  We need to know the rowid</span>
-<span class="n">rowid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">next</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select ROWID from blobby where x=1&quot;</span><span class="p">))[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
-<span class="n">blob</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">blobopen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;blobby&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;y&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rowid</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">blob</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">b</span><span class="s2">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">blob</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2000</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">blob</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">b</span><span class="s2">&quot;hello world, again&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">blob</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate" id="example-vtable"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### Virtual tables</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
+<span class="c1"># these first columns are used by our virtual table</span>
+<span class="n">vtcolumns</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;rowid&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;directory&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
 
-<span class="c1"># This virtual table stores information about files in a set of</span>
-<span class="c1"># directories so you can execute SQL queries</span>
 
-<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">getfiledata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">directories</span><span class="p">):</span>
+<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_file_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">directories</span><span class="p">):</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;Returns a list of column names, and a list of all the files with their attributes&quot;</span>
     <span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
     <span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
     <span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
@@ -474,20 +1001,24 @@
             <span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
             <span class="n">st</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">directory</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">))</span>
             <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">columns</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
-                <span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;rowid&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;directory&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">st</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;st_&quot;</span><span class="p">)]</span>
+                <span class="c1"># we add on all the fields from os.stat</span>
+                <span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">vtcolumns</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">st</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;st_&quot;</span><span class="p">)]</span>
             <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">directory</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">st</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">columns</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">:]])</span>
     <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">columns</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span>
 
+
 <span class="c1"># This gets registered with the Connection</span>
 <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Source</span><span class="p">:</span>
 
     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">Create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">modulename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dbname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tablename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
-        <span class="n">columns</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getfiledata</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="nb">eval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\\\</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">])</span>  <span class="c1"># eval strips off layer of quotes</span>
+        <span class="c1"># the eval strips off layer of quotes</span>
+        <span class="n">columns</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">get_file_data</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="nb">eval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\\\</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">])</span>
         <span class="n">schema</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;create table foo(&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s1">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s2">&quot;&#39;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&#39;&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">columns</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]])</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;)&quot;</span>
         <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">schema</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">columns</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
     <span class="n">Connect</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Create</span>
 
+
 <span class="c1"># Represents a table</span>
 <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Table</span><span class="p">:</span>
 
@@ -506,7 +1037,8 @@
 
     <span class="n">Destroy</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Disconnect</span>
 
-<span class="c1"># Represents a cursor</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Represents a cursor used during SQL query processing</span>
 <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Cursor</span><span class="p">:</span>
 
     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">table</span><span class="p">):</span>
@@ -530,70 +1062,75 @@
     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">Close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
         <span class="k">pass</span>
 
+
 <span class="c1"># Register the module as filesource</span>
 <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">createmodule</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;filesource&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Source</span><span class="p">())</span>
 
 <span class="c1"># Arguments to module - all directories in sys.path</span>
 <span class="n">sysdirs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;,&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s2">&quot;&#39;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&#39;&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isdir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)])</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create virtual table sysfiles using filesource(&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">sysdirs</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create virtual table sysfiles using filesource(&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">sysdirs</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
-<span class="c1"># Which 3 files are the biggest?</span>
-<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">directory</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">file</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;3 biggest files&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">directory</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">file</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span>
         <span class="s2">&quot;select st_size,directory,name from sysfiles order by st_size desc limit 3&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">directory</span><span class="p">)</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| 46928312 d9e93640ccdc3fbe1e95__mypyc.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /home/rogerb/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages
-| 1246656 unicodedata2.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
-| 765704 _brotli.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Which 3 files are the oldest?</span>
-<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ctime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">directory</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">file</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select st_ctime,directory,name from sysfiles order by st_ctime limit 3&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;3 oldest files&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ctime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">directory</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">file</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;select st_ctime,directory,name from sysfiles order by st_ctime limit 3&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ctime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">directory</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| 1582056231.6234083 .style.yapf /space/apsw
-| 1587233567.4374056 arandr-0.1.10.egg-info /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
-| 1604593216.8926702 pyparsing.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">3 biggest files</span>
+<span class="go">546696 _ctypes.cpython-310d-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/lib/python3.10/lib-dynload</span>
+<span class="go">511328 _ssl.cpython-310d-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/lib/python3.10/lib-dynload</span>
+<span class="go">450008 _testcapi.cpython-310d-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/lib/python3.10/lib-dynload</span>
+
+<span class="go">3 oldest files</span>
+<span class="go">1641597423.5541885 sitecustomize.py /usr/lib/python3.10</span>
+<span class="go">1664920933.397524 _gdbm.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/lib/python3.10/lib-dynload</span>
+<span class="go">1664921015.6046188 _tkinter.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/lib/python3.10/lib-dynload</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate" id="example-vfs"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### A VFS that &quot;obfuscates&quot; the database file contents.  The scheme</span>
-<span class="c1">### used is to xor all bytes with 0xa5.  This scheme honours that used</span>
-<span class="c1">### for MAPI and SQL Server.</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
+</section>
+<section id="vfs-virtual-file-system">
+<span id="example-vfs"></span><span id="index-23"></span><h2>VFS - Virtual File System<a class="headerlink" href="#vfs-virtual-file-system" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>VFS lets you control access to the filesystem from SQLite.  APSW
+makes it easy to “inherit” from an existing VFS and monitor or alter
+data as it flows through.  Read more about <a class="reference internal" href="vfs.html#vfs"><span class="std std-ref">VFS</span></a>.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># This example VFS &quot;obfuscates&quot; the database file contents by xor all</span>
+<span class="c1"># bytes with 0xa5.  URI parameters are also shown as a way you can</span>
+<span class="c1"># pass additional information for files.</span>
 
-<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">encryptme</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">):</span>
+
+<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">obfuscate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">):</span>
     <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">data</span>
     <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">bytes</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">^</span> <span class="mh">0xa5</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">])</span>
 
+
 <span class="c1"># Inheriting from a base of &quot;&quot; means the default vfs</span>
 <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ObfuscatedVFS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">VFS</span><span class="p">):</span>
 
-    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">vfsname</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;obfu&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">basevfs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
-        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vfsname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">vfsname</span>
-        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">basevfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">basevfs</span>
-        <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">VFS</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vfsname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">basevfs</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">vfsname</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;obfuscated&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">basevfs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vfs_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">vfsname</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">base_vfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">basevfs</span>
+        <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">VFS</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vfs_name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">base_vfs</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
     <span class="c1"># We want to return our own file implementation, but also</span>
     <span class="c1"># want it to inherit</span>
-    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">xOpen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flags</span><span class="p">):</span>
-        <span class="c1"># We can look at uri parameters</span>
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">xOpen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flags</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
         <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">URIFilename</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;xOpen of&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">())</span>
+            <span class="c1"># We can look at uri parameters</span>
             <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;fast is&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uri_parameter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;fast&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
             <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;level is&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uri_int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;level&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">))</span>
             <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;warp is&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uri_boolean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;warp&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">))</span>
             <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;notpresent is&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uri_parameter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;notpresent&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| fast is speed
-| level is 7
-| warp is True
-| notpresent is None
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">ObfuscatedVFSFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">basevfs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flags</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;xOpen of&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">ObfuscatedVFSFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">base_vfs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flags</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
 
 <span class="c1"># The file implementation where we override xRead and xWrite to call our</span>
 <span class="c1"># encryption routine</span>
@@ -603,153 +1140,216 @@
         <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">VFSFile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">inheritfromvfsname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flags</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">xRead</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">offset</span><span class="p">):</span>
-        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">encryptme</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ObfuscatedVFSFile</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xRead</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">offset</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">obfuscate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xRead</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">offset</span><span class="p">))</span>
 
     <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">xWrite</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">offset</span><span class="p">):</span>
-        <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ObfuscatedVFSFile</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xWrite</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">encryptme</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">offset</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xWrite</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">obfuscate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">offset</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
 
 <span class="c1"># To register the VFS we just instantiate it</span>
 <span class="n">obfuvfs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ObfuscatedVFS</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
 <span class="c1"># Lets see what vfs are now available?</span>
-<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vfsnames</span><span class="p">())</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| [&#39;unix&#39;, &#39;obf&#39;, &#39;memdb&#39;, &#39;unix-excl&#39;, &#39;unix-dotfile&#39;, &#39;unix-none&#39;]
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Make an obfuscated db, passing in some URI parameters</span>
-<span class="n">obfudb</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;file:myobfudb?fast=speed&amp;level=7&amp;warp=on&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
-                         <span class="n">flags</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_OPEN_URI</span><span class="p">,</span>
-                         <span class="n">vfs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">obfuvfs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vfsname</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;VFS available&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vfsnames</span><span class="p">())</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Make an obfuscated db, passing in some URI parameters</span>
+<span class="c1"># default open flags</span>
+<span class="n">open_flags</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE</span>
+<span class="c1"># add in using URI parameters</span>
+<span class="n">open_flags</span> <span class="o">|=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_OPEN_URI</span>
+
+<span class="n">obfudb</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;file:myobfudb?fast=speed&amp;level=7&amp;warp=on&amp;another=true&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                         <span class="n">flags</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">open_flags</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                         <span class="n">vfs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">obfuvfs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vfs_name</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
 <span class="c1"># Check it works</span>
-<span class="n">obfudb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create table foo(x,y); insert into foo values(1,2)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">obfudb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create table foo(x,y); insert into foo values(1,2)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
 <span class="c1"># Check it really is obfuscated on disk</span>
-<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">repr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;myobfudb&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;rb&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()[:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">]))</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| b&#39;\xf6\xf4\xe9\xcc\xd1\xc0\x85\xc3\xca\xd7\xc8\xc4\xd1\x85\x96\xa5\xb5\xa5\xa4\xa4&#39;
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># And unobfuscating it</span>
-<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">repr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">encryptme</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;myobfudb&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;rb&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()[:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">])))</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| b&#39;SQLite format 3\x00\x10\x00\x01\x01&#39;
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Tidy up</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;What is on disk&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">repr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;myobfudb&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;rb&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()[:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">]))</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># And unobfuscating it</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Unobfuscated disk&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">repr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">obfuscate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;myobfudb&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;rb&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()[:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">])))</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Tidy up</span>
 <span class="n">obfudb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;myobfudb&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate" id="example-limit"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### Limits</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-
-<span class="c1"># Print some limits</span>
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">VFS available [&#39;unix&#39;, &#39;obfuscated&#39;, &#39;memdb&#39;, &#39;unix-excl&#39;, &#39;unix-dotfile&#39;, &#39;unix-none&#39;]</span>
+<span class="go">xOpen of /space/apsw/myobfudb</span>
+<span class="go">fast is speed</span>
+<span class="go">level is 7</span>
+<span class="go">warp is True</span>
+<span class="go">notpresent is None</span>
+<span class="go">xOpen of /space/apsw/myobfudb-journal</span>
+<span class="go">xOpen of /space/apsw/myobfudb-journal</span>
+<span class="go">What is on disk b&#39;\xf6\xf4\xe9\xcc\xd1\xc0\x85\xc3\xca\xd7\xc8\xc4\xd1\x85\x96\xa5\xb5\xa5\xa4\xa4&#39;</span>
+<span class="go">Unobfuscated disk b&#39;SQLite format 3\x00\x10\x00\x01\x01&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section id="limits">
+<span id="example-limits"></span><span id="index-24"></span><h2>Limits<a class="headerlink" href="#limits" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>SQLite lets you see and update various limits via
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.limit" title="apsw.Connection.limit"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.limit()</span></code></a></p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Print some limits</span>
 <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">limit</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;LENGTH&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;COLUMN&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;ATTACHED&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
     <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;SQLITE_LIMIT_&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">limit</span>
-    <span class="n">maxname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;SQLITE_MAX_&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">limit</span>  <span class="c1"># compile time</span>
+    <span class="n">max_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;SQLITE_MAX_&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">limit</span>  <span class="c1"># compile time limit</span>
     <span class="n">orig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">limit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">))</span>
     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">orig</span><span class="p">)</span>
     <span class="c1"># To get the maximum, set to 0x7fffffff and then read value back</span>
     <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">limit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="mh">0x7fffffff</span><span class="p">)</span>
     <span class="nb">max</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">limit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">))</span>
-    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">max</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">max</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
 <span class="c1"># Set limit for size of a string</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create table testlimit(s)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into testlimit values(?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;x&quot;</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>  <span class="c1"># 1024 char string</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create table testlimit(s)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into testlimit values(?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;x&quot;</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>  <span class="c1"># 1024 char string</span>
 <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">limit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1023</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># limit is now 1023</span>
 <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
-    <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into testlimit values(?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;y&quot;</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+    <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into testlimit values(?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;y&quot;</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;string exceeding limit was inserted&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="k">except</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TooBigError</span><span class="p">:</span>
     <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Caught toobig exception&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># reset back to largest value</span>
 <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">limit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mh">0x7fffffff</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH 1000000000
-| SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH 1000000000
-| SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN 2000
-| SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN 2000
-| SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED 125
-| SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED 125
-| Caught toobig exception
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH 1000000000</span>
+<span class="go">SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH   1000000000</span>
+<span class="go">SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN 2000</span>
+<span class="go">SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN   2000</span>
+<span class="go">SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED 125</span>
+<span class="go">SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED   125</span>
+<span class="go">Caught toobig exception</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate" id="example-backup"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### Backup to memory</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-
-<span class="c1"># We will copy the disk database into a memory database</span>
-
+</section>
+<section id="backup-an-open-database">
+<span id="example-backup"></span><span id="index-25"></span><h2>Backup an open database<a class="headerlink" href="#backup-an-open-database" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>You can backup a database that is open.  The pages are copied in
+batches of your choosing and allow continued use of the database.
+<a class="reference internal" href="backup.html#backup"><span class="std std-ref">Read more</span></a>.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># We will copy a disk database into a memory database</span>
 <span class="n">memcon</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;:memory:&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
 <span class="c1"># Copy into memory</span>
 <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">memcon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">backup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">backup</span><span class="p">:</span>
-    <span class="n">backup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">step</span><span class="p">()</span>  <span class="c1"># copy whole database in one go</span>
-
-<span class="c1"># There will be no disk accesses for this query</span>
-<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">memcon</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select * from s&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
-    <span class="k">pass</span>
+    <span class="n">backup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">step</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># copy 10 pages in each batch</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate" id="example-shell"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### Shell</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
+</section>
+<section id="shell">
+<span id="example-shell"></span><span id="index-26"></span><h2>Shell<a class="headerlink" href="#shell" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>APSW includes a <a class="reference internal" href="shell.html#shell"><span class="std std-ref">shell</span></a>  like the one in <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/cli.html">SQLite</a>, and is also extensible from
+Python.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">apsw.shell</span>
 
-<span class="c1"># Here we use the shell to do a csv export providing the existing db</span>
-<span class="c1"># connection</span>
+<span class="c1"># Here we use the shell to do a csv export and then dump part of the</span>
+<span class="c1"># database</span>
 
 <span class="c1"># Export to a StringIO</span>
 <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">io</span>
 
 <span class="n">output</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">io</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StringIO</span><span class="p">()</span>
-<span class="n">shell</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Shell</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">shell</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shell</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Shell</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
 <span class="c1"># How to execute a dot command</span>
 <span class="n">shell</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;.mode csv&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="n">shell</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;.headers on&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
 <span class="c1"># How to execute SQL</span>
-<span class="n">shell</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_sql</span><span class="p">(</span>
-    <span class="s2">&quot;create table csvtest(col1,col2); insert into csvtest values(3,4); insert into csvtest values(&#39;a b&#39;, NULL)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="c1"># Let the shell figure out SQL vs dot command</span>
+<span class="n">shell</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+<span class="s2">    create table csvtest(column1, column2 INTEGER);</span>
+<span class="s2">    create index faster on csvtest(column1);</span>
+<span class="s2">    insert into csvtest values(3, 4);</span>
+<span class="s2">    insert into csvtest values(&#39;a b&#39;, NULL);</span>
+<span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Or let the shell figure out SQL vs dot command</span>
 <span class="n">shell</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_complete_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select * from csvtest&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
-<span class="c1"># Verify output</span>
+<span class="c1"># see the result</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getvalue</span><span class="p">())</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># reset output</span>
+<span class="n">output</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># make a dump of the same table</span>
+<span class="n">shell</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;.dump csvtest%&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># see the result</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">Dump output</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getvalue</span><span class="p">())</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| col1,col2
-| 3,4
-| a b,
-|
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">column1,column2</span>
+<span class="go">3,4</span>
+<span class="go">a b,</span>
+
+
+<span class="go">Dump output</span>
+
+<span class="go">-- SQLite dump (by APSW 3.40.0.0)</span>
+<span class="go">-- SQLite version 3.40.0</span>
+<span class="go">-- Date: Sun Nov 27 07:17:16 2022</span>
+<span class="go">-- Tables like: csvtest%</span>
+<span class="go">-- Database: /space/apsw/dbfile</span>
+<span class="go">-- User: rogerb @ clamps</span>
+
+<span class="go">-- The values of various per-database settings</span>
+<span class="go">PRAGMA page_size=4096;</span>
+<span class="go">-- PRAGMA encoding=&#39;UTF-8&#39;;</span>
+<span class="go">-- PRAGMA auto_vacuum=NONE;</span>
+<span class="go">-- PRAGMA max_page_count=1073741823;</span>
+
+<span class="go">BEGIN TRANSACTION;</span>
+
+<span class="go">-- Table  csvtest</span>
+<span class="go">DROP TABLE IF EXISTS csvtest;</span>
+<span class="go">CREATE TABLE csvtest(column1, column2 INTEGER);</span>
+<span class="go">INSERT INTO csvtest VALUES(3,4);</span>
+<span class="go">INSERT INTO csvtest VALUES(&#39;a b&#39;,NULL);</span>
+<span class="go">-- Triggers and indices on  csvtest</span>
+<span class="go">CREATE INDEX faster on csvtest(column1);</span>
+
+<span class="go">COMMIT TRANSACTION;</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate" id="example-status"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### Statistics</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-
-<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;SQLite memory usage current </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2"> max </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">status</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</span><span class="p">))</span>
+</section>
+<section id="statistics">
+<span id="example-status"></span><span id="index-27"></span><h2>Statistics<a class="headerlink" href="#statistics" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>SQLite provides statistics by <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.status" title="apsw.status"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">status()</span></code></a></p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">current_usage</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">max_usage</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">status</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;SQLite memory usage </span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="n">current_usage</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2"> max </span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="n">max_usage</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| SQLite memory usage current 315008 max 326872
+<div class="highlight-output notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">SQLite memory usage 298832 max 345560</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">###</span>
-<span class="c1">### Cleanup</span>
-<span class="c1">###</span>
-
-<span class="c1"># We can close connections manually (useful if you want to catch exceptions)</span>
-<span class="c1"># but you don&#39;t have to</span>
-<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># force it since we want to exit</span>
+</section>
+<section id="cleanup">
+<span id="example-cleanup"></span><span id="index-28"></span><h2>Cleanup<a class="headerlink" href="#cleanup" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>As a general rule you do not need to do any cleanup.  Standard
+Python garbage collection will take of everything.  Even if the
+process crashes with a connection in the middle of a transaction,
+the next time SQLite opens that database it will automatically
+rollback the partial data.</p>
+<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># You close connections manually (useful if you want to catch exceptions)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="c1">#  You can call close multiple times, and also indicate to ignore exceptions</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
-<span class="c1"># Delete database - we don&#39;t need it any more</span>
+<span class="c1"># Deleting the database file. Note that there can be additional files</span>
+<span class="c1"># with suffixes like -wal, -shm, and -journal.</span>
 <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;dbfile&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
+</section>
 
 
             <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -758,12 +1358,54 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="tips.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">Tips</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="download.html"
-                        title="next chapter">Download</a></p>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Example/Tour</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#checking-apsw-and-sqlite-versions">Checking APSW and SQLite versions</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#opening-the-database">Opening the database</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#executing-sql">Executing SQL</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#why-you-use-bindings-to-provide-values">Why you use bindings to provide values</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#bindings-sequence">Bindings (sequence)</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#bindings-dict">Bindings (dict)</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-different-types">Using different types</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#transactions">Transactions</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#executemany">executemany</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tracing-execution">Tracing execution</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tracing-returned-rows">Tracing returned rows</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#defining-your-own-functions">Defining your own functions</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#defining-aggregate-functions">Defining aggregate functions</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#defining-collations-sorting">Defining collations (sorting)</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#accessing-results-by-column-name">Accessing results by column name</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#type-conversion-into-out-of-database">Type conversion into/out of database</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#query-details">Query details</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#blob-i-o">Blob I/O</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#authorizer-control-what-sql-can-do">Authorizer (control what SQL can do)</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#progress-handler">Progress handler</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#commit-hook">Commit hook</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#update-hook">Update hook</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#virtual-tables">Virtual tables</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#vfs-virtual-file-system">VFS - Virtual File System</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#limits">Limits</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#backup-an-open-database">Backup an open database</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#shell">Shell</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#statistics">Statistics</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cleanup">Cleanup</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="tips.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">Tips</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="download.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Download</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -780,7 +1422,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -800,15 +1442,15 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="tips.html" title="Tips"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Example</a></li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Example/Tour</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/exceptions.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/exceptions.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/exceptions.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/exceptions.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,25 +1,27 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>Exceptions &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Exceptions &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
     <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="copyright.html" />
     <link rel="next" title="Types" href="types.html" />
-    <link rel="prev" title="Shell" href="shell.html" />
+    <link rel="prev" title="Various interesting and useful bits of functionality" href="ext.html" />
  
 <script type="text/javascript">
   var _gaq = _gaq || [];
@@ -41,9 +43,9 @@
           <a href="types.html" title="Types"
              accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
-          <a href="shell.html" title="Shell"
+          <a href="ext.html" title="Various interesting and useful bits of functionality"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Exceptions</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,12 +56,12 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="exceptions">
-<span id="id1"></span><h1>Exceptions<a class="headerlink" href="#exceptions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
-<p><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Error" title="apsw.Error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.Error</span></code></a> is the base for APSW exceptions.</p>
+<span id="id1"></span><h1>Exceptions<a class="headerlink" href="#exceptions" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Error">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Error</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Error" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd></dd></dl>
+<dd><p>This is the base for APSW exceptions.</p>
+</dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py attribute">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Error.result">
@@ -77,10 +79,10 @@
 
 <p>As an example, if SQLite issued a read request and the system returned
 less data than expected then <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Error.result" title="apsw.Error.result"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">result</span></code></a> would have the value
-<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_IOERR</span></code> while <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Error.extendedresult" title="apsw.Error.extendedresult"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extendedresult</span></code></a> would have
-the value <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ</span></code>.</p>
+<em>SQLITE_IOERR</em> while <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Error.extendedresult" title="apsw.Error.extendedresult"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extendedresult</span></code></a> would have
+the value <em>SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ</em>.</p>
 <section id="apsw-specific-exceptions">
-<h2>APSW specific exceptions<a class="headerlink" href="#apsw-specific-exceptions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>APSW specific exceptions<a class="headerlink" href="#apsw-specific-exceptions" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>The following exceptions happen when APSW detects various problems.</p>
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ThreadingViolationError">
@@ -189,15 +191,15 @@
 
 </section>
 <section id="sqlite-exceptions">
-<h2>SQLite Exceptions<a class="headerlink" href="#sqlite-exceptions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>SQLite Exceptions<a class="headerlink" href="#sqlite-exceptions" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>The following lists which Exception classes correspond to which <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_abort.html">SQLite
 error codes</a>.</p>
 <section id="general-errors">
-<h3>General Errors<a class="headerlink" href="#general-errors" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<h3>General Errors<a class="headerlink" href="#general-errors" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.SQLError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SQLError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.SQLError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_ERROR</span></code>.  This error is documented as a bad SQL query
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_ERROR</em>.  This error is documented as a bad SQL query
 or missing database, but is also returned for a lot of other
 situations.  It is the default error code unless there is a more
 specific one.</p>
@@ -206,37 +208,37 @@
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.MismatchError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">MismatchError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.MismatchError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_MISMATCH</span></code>. Data type mismatch.  For example a rowid
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_MISMATCH</em>. Data type mismatch.  For example a rowid
 or integer primary key must be an integer.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.NotFoundError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">NotFoundError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.NotFoundError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_NOTFOUND</span></code>. Returned when various internal items were
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_NOTFOUND</em>. Returned when various internal items were
 not found such as requests for non-existent system calls or file
 controls.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 </section>
 <section id="internal-errors">
-<h3>Internal Errors<a class="headerlink" href="#internal-errors" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<h3>Internal Errors<a class="headerlink" href="#internal-errors" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.InternalError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">InternalError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.InternalError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_INTERNAL</span></code>. (No longer used) Internal logic error in SQLite.</p>
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_INTERNAL</em>. (No longer used) Internal logic error in SQLite.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ProtocolError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ProtocolError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ProtocolError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_PROTOCOL</span></code>. (No longer used) Database lock protocol error.</p>
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_PROTOCOL</em>. (No longer used) Database lock protocol error.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.MisuseError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">MisuseError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.MisuseError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_MISUSE</span></code>.  SQLite library used incorrectly - typically similar to ValueError in Python.  Examples include not
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_MISUSE</em>.  SQLite library used incorrectly - typically similar to <em>ValueError</em> in Python.  Examples include not
 having enough flags when opening a connection (eg not including a READ or WRITE flag), or out of spec such as registering
 a function with more than 127 parameters.</p>
 </dd></dl>
@@ -244,49 +246,49 @@
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.RangeError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RangeError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.RangeError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_RANGE</span></code>.  (Cannot be generated using APSW).  2nd parameter to <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html">sqlite3_bind</a> out of range</p>
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_RANGE</em>.  (Cannot be generated using APSW).  2nd parameter to <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html">sqlite3_bind</a> out of range</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 </section>
 <section id="permissions-etc">
-<h3>Permissions Etc<a class="headerlink" href="#permissions-etc" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<h3>Permissions Etc<a class="headerlink" href="#permissions-etc" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.PermissionsError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">PermissionsError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.PermissionsError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_PERM</span></code>. Access permission denied by the operating system, or parts of the database are readonly such as a cursor.</p>
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_PERM</em>. Access permission denied by the operating system, or parts of the database are readonly such as a cursor.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ReadOnlyError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ReadOnlyError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ReadOnlyError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_READONLY</span></code>. Attempt to write to a readonly database.</p>
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_READONLY</em>. Attempt to write to a readonly database.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.CantOpenError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CantOpenError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.CantOpenError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_CANTOPEN</span></code>.  Unable to open the database file.</p>
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_CANTOPEN</em>.  Unable to open the database file.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.AuthError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">AuthError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.AuthError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_AUTH</span></code>.  <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.setauthorizer" title="apsw.Connection.setauthorizer"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Authorization</span></code></a> denied.</p>
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_AUTH</em>.  <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.authorizer" title="apsw.Connection.authorizer"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Authorization</span></code></a> denied.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 </section>
 <section id="abort-busy-etc">
-<h3>Abort/Busy Etc<a class="headerlink" href="#abort-busy-etc" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<h3>Abort/Busy Etc<a class="headerlink" href="#abort-busy-etc" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.AbortError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">AbortError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.AbortError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_ABORT</span></code>. Callback routine requested an abort.</p>
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_ABORT</em>. Callback routine requested an abort.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.BusyError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">BusyError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.BusyError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_BUSY</span></code>.  The database file is locked.  Use
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_BUSY</em>.  The database file is locked.  Use
 <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.setbusytimeout" title="apsw.Connection.setbusytimeout"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setbusytimeout()</span></code></a> to change how long SQLite waits
 for the database to be unlocked or <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.setbusyhandler" title="apsw.Connection.setbusyhandler"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setbusyhandler()</span></code></a>
 to use your own handler.</p>
@@ -295,13 +297,13 @@
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.LockedError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">LockedError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.LockedError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_LOCKED</span></code>.  A table in the database is locked.</p>
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_LOCKED</em>.  A table in the database is locked.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.InterruptError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">InterruptError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.InterruptError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_INTERRUPT</span></code>.  Operation terminated by
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_INTERRUPT</em>.  Operation terminated by
 <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/interrupt.html">sqlite3_interrupt</a> -
 use <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.interrupt" title="apsw.Connection.interrupt"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.interrupt()</span></code></a>.</p>
 </dd></dl>
@@ -309,7 +311,7 @@
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.SchemaChangeError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SchemaChangeError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.SchemaChangeError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_SCHEMA</span></code>.  The database schema changed.  A
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_SCHEMA</em>.  The database schema changed.  A
 <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">prepared</span> <span class="pre">statement</span></code></a> becomes invalid
 if the database schema was changed.  Behind the scenes SQLite
 reprepares the statement.  Another or the same <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a>
@@ -320,7 +322,7 @@
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ConstraintError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ConstraintError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ConstraintError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_CONSTRAINT</span></code>. Abort due to <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html">constraint</a> violation.  This
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_CONSTRAINT</em>. Abort due to <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html">constraint</a> violation.  This
 would happen if the schema required a column to be within a specific
 range.  If you have multiple constraints, you <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/src/tktview/23b212820161c6599cbf414aa99bf8a5bfa5e7a3">can’t tell</a>
 which one was the cause.</p>
@@ -328,63 +330,63 @@
 
 </section>
 <section id="memory-disk">
-<h3>Memory/Disk<a class="headerlink" href="#memory-disk" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<h3>Memory/Disk<a class="headerlink" href="#memory-disk" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.NoMemError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">NoMemError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.NoMemError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_NOMEM</span></code>.  A memory allocation failed.</p>
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_NOMEM</em>.  A memory allocation failed.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.IOError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">IOError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.IOError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_IOERR</span></code>.  Some kind of disk I/O error occurred.  The
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_IOERR</em>.  Some kind of disk I/O error occurred.  The
 <a class="reference internal" href="#exceptions"><span class="std std-ref">extended error code</span></a> will give more detail.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.CorruptError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CorruptError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.CorruptError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_CORRUPT</span></code>.  The database disk image appears to be a
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_CORRUPT</em>.  The database disk image appears to be a
 SQLite database but the values inside are inconsistent.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.FullError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">FullError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.FullError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_FULL</span></code>.  The disk appears to be full.</p>
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_FULL</em>.  The disk appears to be full.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.TooBigError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TooBigError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.TooBigError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_TOOBIG</span></code>.  String or BLOB exceeds size limit.  You can
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_TOOBIG</em>.  String or BLOB exceeds size limit.  You can
 change the limits using <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.limit" title="apsw.Connection.limit"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.limit()</span></code></a>.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.NoLFSError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">NoLFSError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.NoLFSError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_NOLFS</span></code>.  SQLite has attempted to use a feature not
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_NOLFS</em>.  SQLite has attempted to use a feature not
 supported by the operating system such as <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_file_support">large file support</a>.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.EmptyError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">EmptyError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.EmptyError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_EMPTY</span></code>. Database is completely empty.</p>
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_EMPTY</em>. Database is completely empty.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.FormatError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">FormatError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.FormatError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_FORMAT</span></code>. (No longer used) <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/lang_attach.html">Auxiliary database</a> format error.</p>
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_FORMAT</em>. (No longer used) <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/lang_attach.html">Auxiliary database</a> format error.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py exception">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.NotADBError">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">NotADBError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.NotADBError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_NOTADB</span></code>.  File opened that is not a database file.
+<dd><p><em>SQLITE_NOTADB</em>.  File opened that is not a database file.
 SQLite has a header on database files to verify they are indeed
 SQLite databases.</p>
 </dd></dl>
@@ -392,7 +394,7 @@
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="augmented-stack-traces">
-<span id="augmentedstacktraces"></span><h2>Augmented stack traces<a class="headerlink" href="#augmented-stack-traces" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="augmentedstacktraces"></span><h2>Augmented stack traces<a class="headerlink" href="#augmented-stack-traces" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>When an exception occurs, Python does not include frames from
 non-Python code (ie the C code called from Python).  This can make it
 more difficult to work out what was going on when an exception
@@ -527,16 +529,72 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Exceptions</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw-specific-exceptions">APSW specific exceptions</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Error"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Error</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Error.result"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Error.result</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Error.extendedresult"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Error.extendedresult</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw-specific-exceptions">APSW specific exceptions</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ThreadingViolationError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ThreadingViolationError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ForkingViolationError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ForkingViolationError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.IncompleteExecutionError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IncompleteExecutionError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ConnectionNotClosedError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ConnectionNotClosedError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ConnectionClosedError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ConnectionClosedError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.CursorClosedError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CursorClosedError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.BindingsError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BindingsError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ExecutionCompleteError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ExecutionCompleteError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ExecTraceAbort"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ExecTraceAbort</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ExtensionLoadingError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ExtensionLoadingError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSNotImplementedError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSNotImplementedError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFileClosedError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSFileClosedError</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#sqlite-exceptions">SQLite Exceptions</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#general-errors">General Errors</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#internal-errors">Internal Errors</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#permissions-etc">Permissions Etc</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#abort-busy-etc">Abort/Busy Etc</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#memory-disk">Memory/Disk</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#general-errors">General Errors</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SQLError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.MismatchError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MismatchError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.NotFoundError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotFoundError</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#internal-errors">Internal Errors</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.InternalError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InternalError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ProtocolError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ProtocolError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.MisuseError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MisuseError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.RangeError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RangeError</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#permissions-etc">Permissions Etc</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.PermissionsError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PermissionsError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ReadOnlyError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ReadOnlyError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.CantOpenError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CantOpenError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AuthError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AuthError</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#abort-busy-etc">Abort/Busy Etc</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.AbortError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AbortError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.BusyError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BusyError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.LockedError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LockedError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.InterruptError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InterruptError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.SchemaChangeError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SchemaChangeError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ConstraintError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ConstraintError</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#memory-disk">Memory/Disk</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.NoMemError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NoMemError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.IOError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IOError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.CorruptError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CorruptError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.FullError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FullError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.TooBigError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TooBigError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.NoLFSError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NoLFSError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.EmptyError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EmptyError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.FormatError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FormatError</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.NotADBError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotADBError</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#augmented-stack-traces">Augmented stack traces</a></li>
@@ -544,12 +602,17 @@
 </li>
 </ul>
 
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="shell.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">Shell</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="types.html"
-                        title="next chapter">Types</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="ext.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">Various interesting and useful bits of functionality</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="types.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Types</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -566,7 +629,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -584,17 +647,17 @@
           <a href="types.html" title="Types"
              >next</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
-          <a href="shell.html" title="Shell"
+          <a href="ext.html" title="Various interesting and useful bits of functionality"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Exceptions</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/execution.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/execution.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/execution.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/execution.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>Execution and tracing &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Execution and tracing &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="types.html" title="Types"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Execution and tracing</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,9 +56,9 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="execution-and-tracing">
-<h1>Execution and tracing<a class="headerlink" href="#execution-and-tracing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<h1>Execution and tracing<a class="headerlink" href="#execution-and-tracing" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <section id="execution-model">
-<span id="executionmodel"></span><h2>Execution model<a class="headerlink" href="#execution-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="executionmodel"></span><h2>Execution model<a class="headerlink" href="#execution-model" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>This section only matters if you give multiple SQL statements in one go to <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.execute</span></code></a>.
 (Statements are separated by semi-colons.)</p>
 <p>SQLite does execution in two steps. First a statement is prepared,
@@ -66,10 +68,8 @@
 or the statement is complete.</p>
 <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.execute()</span></code></a> method automatically does the preparing and
 starts execution. If none of the statements return rows then execution
-will go to the end. If a row is returned then you need to call
-<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.next()</span></code> to get the row values or use the cursor as an
-iterator. Execution will resume as necessary to satisfy
-<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">next()</span></code> calls.</p>
+will go to the end. If a row is returned then you use the cursor as an
+iterator. Execution will resume as necessary to return each result row.</p>
 <p>However this means that if you don’t read the rows returned then the
 rest of your statements won’t be executed.  APSW will detect
 unexecuted previous statements and generate an exception. For
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
 exception raised.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="multi-threading-and-re-entrancy">
-<h2>Multi-threading and re-entrancy<a class="headerlink" href="#multi-threading-and-re-entrancy" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Multi-threading and re-entrancy<a class="headerlink" href="#multi-threading-and-re-entrancy" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>ASPW lets you use SQLite in multi-threaded programs and will let other
 threads execute while SQLite is working.  (Technically the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.3.4/api/threads.html">GIL</a> is released when
 <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare_v2</a>,
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
 <p>Note that you cannot use the same cursor object in multiple threads
 concurrently to execute statements. APSW will detect this and throw an
 exception. It is safe to use the object serially (eg calling
-<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.execute()</span></code></a> in one thread and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.next()</span></code> in
+<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.execute()</span></code></a> in one thread and iterator in
 another. You also can’t do things like try to
 <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.close" title="apsw.Connection.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> a Connection concurrently in two threads.</p>
 <p>If you have multiple threads and/or multiple programs accessing the
@@ -118,20 +118,20 @@
 your trace or user defined functions.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="bit-hosts">
-<span id="x64bitpy25"></span><h2>64 bit hosts<a class="headerlink" href="#bit-hosts" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="x64bitpy25"></span><h2>64 bit hosts<a class="headerlink" href="#bit-hosts" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>APSW is tested and works correctly on 32 and 64 bit hosts.
 Unfortunately SQLite is limited to 32 bit quantities for strings,
 blobs, number of columns etc even when compiled for 64 bit.
 Consequently you will get a TooBig exception from APSW which checks if
 strings/buffers longer than 1GB or 2GB (depends on internal storage)
-are used. See <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=2125">SQLite ticket #2125</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3246">SQLite ticket #3246</a> for more details.</p>
+are used. cvstrac 2125 and 3246 had more details.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="statement-cache">
-<span id="statementcache"></span><h2>Statement Cache<a class="headerlink" href="#statement-cache" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="statementcache"></span><h2>Statement Cache<a class="headerlink" href="#statement-cache" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Each <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> maintains a cache mapping SQL queries to a
 <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/stmt.html">prepared statement</a> to avoid
 the overhead of <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html">repreparing</a> queries that are executed
-multiple times.  This is a classic tradeoff using more memory to
+multiple times.  This is a classic trade off using more memory to
 reduce CPU consumption.</p>
 <p>By default there are up to 100 entries in the cache.  Once the cache
 is full, the least recently used item is discarded to make space for
@@ -139,15 +139,14 @@
 <p>You should pick a larger cache size if you have more than 100 unique
 queries that you run.  For example if you have 101 different queries
 you run in order then the cache will not help.</p>
-<p>You can also <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">specify</span> <span class="pre">zero</span></code></a> which will disable the
-statement cache.</p>
-<p>If you are using <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.setauthorizer" title="apsw.Connection.setauthorizer"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">authorizers</span></code></a> then
-you should disable the statement cache.  This is because the
-authorizer callback is only called while statements are being
-prepared.</p>
+<p>If you are using <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.authorizer" title="apsw.Connection.authorizer"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">authorizers</span></code></a> then be
+aware authorizer callback is only called while statements are being
+prepared.  You can <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">specify</span> <span class="pre">zero</span></code></a> which will
+disable the statement cache completely, use use <cite>can_cache = False</cite>
+flag to <cite>execute</cite>/<cite>executemany</cite>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="tracing">
-<span id="id1"></span><h2>Tracing<a class="headerlink" href="#tracing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="id1"></span><h2>Tracing<a class="headerlink" href="#tracing" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>You can install tracers on <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cursors</span></code></a> or
 <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connections</span></code></a> as an easy way of seeing exactly
 what gets executed and what is returned. The tracers can also abort
@@ -160,13 +159,13 @@
 your tracer was called from. If you would like to make more queries
 in the tracer then do them from a new cursor object.  For example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">exectracer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">):</span>
-  <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getconnection</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into log values(?,?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">)))</span>
+  <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;insert into log values(?,?)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">)))</span>
   <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <section id="execution-tracer">
-<span id="executiontracer"></span><h3>Execution Tracer<a class="headerlink" href="#execution-tracer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<span id="executiontracer"></span><h3>Execution Tracer<a class="headerlink" href="#execution-tracer" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
 <p>The execution tracer is called after an SQL statement has been
 prepared. (ie syntax errors will have caused an exception during
 preparation so you won’t see them with a tracer). It is called with
@@ -177,17 +176,17 @@
 </dd>
 <dt>sql</dt><dd><p>The SQL text being executed</p>
 </dd>
-<dt>bindings</dt><dd><p>The bindings being used.  This may be <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, a dictionary or
+<dt>bindings</dt><dd><p>The bindings being used.  This may be <em>`None</em>, a dictionary or
 a tuple.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div></blockquote>
-<p>If the tracer return value evaluates to False/None then execution is
+<p>If the tracer return value is False then execution is
 aborted with an <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#apsw.ExecTraceAbort" title="apsw.ExecTraceAbort"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ExecTraceAbort</span></code></a> exception.  See the
 <a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-exectrace"><span class="std std-ref">example</span></a>.</p>
-<p>Execution tracers can be installed on a specific cursor by calling
-<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.setexectrace" title="apsw.Cursor.setexectrace"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.setexectrace()</span></code></a> or for all cursors by calling
-<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.setexectrace" title="apsw.Connection.setexectrace"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setexectrace()</span></code></a>, with the cursor tracer taking
+<p>Execution tracers can be installed on a specific cursor by setting
+<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.exectrace" title="apsw.Cursor.exectrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.exectrace</span></code></a> or for all cursors by setting
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.exectrace" title="apsw.Connection.exectrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.exectrace</span></code></a>, with the cursor tracer taking
 priority.</p>
 <p>If you use the Connection <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.__enter__" title="apsw.Connection.__enter__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement
 and have a Connection execution tracer then your callback will also be
@@ -196,7 +195,7 @@
 since there is no cursor involved.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="row-tracer">
-<span id="rowtracer"></span><h3>Row Tracer<a class="headerlink" href="#row-tracer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<span id="rowtracer"></span><h3>Row Tracer<a class="headerlink" href="#row-tracer" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
 <p>The row tracer is called before each row is returned. It is called with
 two arguments.</p>
 <blockquote>
@@ -210,29 +209,21 @@
 <p>Whatever you return from the tracer is what is actually returned to
 the caller of <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execute()</span></code></a>. If you return None then the
 whole row is skipped. See the <a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-rowtrace"><span class="std std-ref">example</span></a>.</p>
-<p>Row tracers can be installed on a specific cursor by calling
-<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.setrowtrace" title="apsw.Cursor.setrowtrace"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.setrowtrace()</span></code></a> or for all cursors by calling
-<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.setrowtrace" title="apsw.Connection.setrowtrace"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.setrowtrace()</span></code></a>, with the cursor tracer taking
+<p>Row tracers can be installed on a specific cursor by setting
+<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.rowtrace" title="apsw.Cursor.rowtrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.rowtrace</span></code></a> or for all cursors by setting
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.rowtrace" title="apsw.Connection.rowtrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.rowtrace</span></code></a>, with the cursor tracer taking
 priority.</p>
 </section>
 </section>
 <section id="apsw-trace">
-<span id="apswtrace"></span><h2>APSW Trace<a class="headerlink" href="#apsw-trace" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>APSW includes a tracing script as part of the <a class="reference internal" href="download.html#source-and-binaries"><span class="std std-ref">source
-distribution</span></a> named <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apswtrace.py</span></code>, or you
-can get a copy directly from <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/blob/master/tools/apswtrace.py">source control</a> (choose “Raw File”).  This script lets you
-easily trace SQL execution as well as providing a summary report
-without modifying your code.  If it is installed anywhere on your
-<span class="target" id="index-0"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PYTHONPATH</span></code> then you can invoke it with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-m</span></code>:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ python -m apswtrace [apswtrace options] yourscript.py [your options]
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>You can also invoke it directly:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ python /path/to/apswtrace.py [apswtrace options] yourscript.py [your options]
-</pre></div>
-</div>
+<span id="apswtrace"></span><h2>APSW Trace<a class="headerlink" href="#apsw-trace" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>APSW includes a tracer that lets you easily trace SQL execution as
+well as providing a summary report without modifying your code.</p>
+<blockquote>
+<div><p>$ python3 -m apsw.trace [apswtrace options] yourscript.py [your options]</p>
+</div></blockquote>
 <p>All output is UTF-8 encoded.  The following options are available:</p>
-<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ python apswtrace.py --help
+<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ python3 -m apsw.trace --help
 Usage: apswtrace.py [options] pythonscript.py [pythonscriptoptions]
 
 This script runs a Python program that uses APSW and reports on SQL queries
@@ -260,8 +251,8 @@
                         [summary,popular,aggregate,individual]
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<p>This is sample output with the following options: <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--sql</span></code>,
-<code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--rows</span></code>, <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--timestamps</span></code>, <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--thread</span></code></p>
+<p>This is sample output with the following options: <strong>–sql</strong>,
+<strong>–rows</strong>, <strong>–timestamps</strong>, <strong>–thread</strong></p>
 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>1e0e5a0 0.152 7fccea8456e0 OPEN: &quot;:memory:&quot; unix READWRITE|CREATE
 1f72ac0 0.161 7fccea8456e0 OPEN: &quot;testdb&quot; unix READWRITE|CREATE
 1f6b8d0 0.162 7fccea8456e0 CURSORFROM: 1f72ac0 DB: &quot;testdb&quot;
@@ -298,7 +289,7 @@
 <dt>OPEN: “dbname” vfs open_flags</dt><dd><p>A <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> has been opened.  The <em>dbname</em> is the
 filename exactly as given in the call to
 <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a>. <em>vfs</em> is the name of the <a class="reference internal" href="vfs.html#vfs"><span class="std std-ref">VFS</span></a>
-used to open the database. <em>open_flags</em> is the set of <code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">flags</span></code> supplied with the leading <em>SQLITE_OPEN</em>
+used to open the database. <em>open_flags</em> is the set of <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_open_flags" title="apsw.mapping_open_flags"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">flags</span></code></a> supplied with the leading <em>SQLITE_OPEN</em>
 prefix omitted.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt>CURSORFROM: connectionid DB: “dbname”</dt><dd><p>A cursor has been allocated.  The <em>id</em> at the beginning of this row
@@ -414,8 +405,9 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Execution and tracing</a><ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#execution-model">Execution model</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#multi-threading-and-re-entrancy">Multi-threading and re-entrancy</a></li>
@@ -431,12 +423,17 @@
 </li>
 </ul>
 
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="types.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">Types</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="dbapi.html"
-                        title="next chapter">DBAPI notes</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="types.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">Types</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="dbapi.html"
+                          title="next chapter">DBAPI notes</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -453,7 +450,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -473,15 +470,15 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="types.html" title="Types"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Execution and tracing</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/extensions.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/extensions.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/extensions.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/extensions.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>Extensions &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Extensions &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="build.html" title="Building"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Extensions</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,13 +56,13 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="extensions">
-<span id="id1"></span><h1>Extensions<a class="headerlink" href="#extensions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<span id="id1"></span><h1>Extensions<a class="headerlink" href="#extensions" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p>SQLite includes a number of extensions providing additional
 functionality.  All extensions are disabled by default and you need to
 <a class="reference internal" href="build.html#setup-build-flags"><span class="std std-ref">take steps</span></a> to have them available at compilation
 time, to enable them and then to use them.</p>
 <section id="fts3-4-5">
-<span id="ext-fts3"></span><h2>FTS3/4/5<a class="headerlink" href="#fts3-4-5" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="ext-fts3"></span><h2>FTS3/4/5<a class="headerlink" href="#fts3-4-5" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>FTS3 is the third version of the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/fts3.html">full text search</a> extension.  It
 makes it easy to find words in multi-word text fields.  You must
 enable the extension via <a class="reference internal" href="build.html#setup-build-flags"><span class="std std-ref">setup.py build flags</span></a> before it will work.  There are no additional
@@ -72,23 +74,23 @@
 compatibility.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="icu">
-<span id="ext-icu"></span><h2>ICU<a class="headerlink" href="#icu" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="ext-icu"></span><h2>ICU<a class="headerlink" href="#icu" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>The ICU extension provides an <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a>
 interface, in particular enabling you do sorting and regular
 expressions in a locale aware way.  The <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=ext/icu/README.txt">documentation</a>
 shows how to use it.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="json1">
-<span id="ext-json1"></span><h2>JSON1<a class="headerlink" href="#json1" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="ext-json1"></span><h2>JSON1<a class="headerlink" href="#json1" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/json1.html">Provides functions</a> for managing <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON">JSON</a> data stored in SQLite.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="rbu">
-<span id="ext-rbu"></span><h2>RBU<a class="headerlink" href="#rbu" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="ext-rbu"></span><h2>RBU<a class="headerlink" href="#rbu" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Provides <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/rbu.html">resumable bulk update</a> intended for
 use with large SQLite databases on low power devices at the edge of a network.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="rtree">
-<span id="ext-rtree"></span><h2>RTree<a class="headerlink" href="#rtree" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="ext-rtree"></span><h2>RTree<a class="headerlink" href="#rtree" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>The RTree extension provides a <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-tree">spatial table</a> - see the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rtree.html">documentation</a>.
 You must enable the extension via <a class="reference internal" href="build.html#setup-build-flags"><span class="std std-ref">setup.py build flags</span></a> before it will work.  There are no additional
 APIs and the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/rtree.html">documented SQL</a>
@@ -103,8 +105,9 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Extensions</a><ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#fts3-4-5">FTS3/4/5</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#icu">ICU</a></li>
@@ -115,12 +118,17 @@
 </li>
 </ul>
 
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="build.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">Building</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="apsw.html"
-                        title="next chapter">APSW Module</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="build.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">Building</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="apsw.html"
+                          title="next chapter">APSW Module</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -137,7 +145,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -157,15 +165,15 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="build.html" title="Building"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Extensions</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
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diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/ext.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/ext.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/ext.html	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/ext.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,688 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
+
+    <title>Various interesting and useful bits of functionality &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
+    
+    <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
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+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
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+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
+    
+    <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
+    <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
+    <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="copyright.html" />
+    <link rel="next" title="Exceptions" href="exceptions.html" />
+    <link rel="prev" title="Shell" href="shell.html" />
+ 
+<script type="text/javascript">
+  var _gaq = _gaq || [];
+  _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-26815066-1']);
+  _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
+</script>
+
+  </head><body>
+    <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
+      <h3>Navigation</h3>
+      <ul>
+        <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
+          <a href="genindex.html" title="General Index"
+             accesskey="I">index</a></li>
+        <li class="right" >
+          <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
+             >modules</a> |</li>
+        <li class="right" >
+          <a href="exceptions.html" title="Exceptions"
+             accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
+        <li class="right" >
+          <a href="shell.html" title="Shell"
+             accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Various interesting and useful bits of functionality</a></li> 
+      </ul>
+    </div>  
+
+    <div class="document">
+      <div class="documentwrapper">
+        <div class="bodywrapper">
+          <div class="body" role="main">
+            
+  <section id="various-interesting-and-useful-bits-of-functionality">
+<h1>Various interesting and useful bits of functionality<a class="headerlink" href="#various-interesting-and-useful-bits-of-functionality" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
+<p>You need to import <cite>apsw.ext</cite> to use this module. <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html#module-dataclasses" title="(in Python v3.11)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dataclasses</span></code></a>
+are used, and only Python 3.7+ is supported.</p>
+<section id="accessing-result-rows-by-column-name">
+<h2>Accessing result rows by column name<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-result-rows-by-column-name" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-colnames"><span class="std std-ref">the example</span></a>.</p>
+<p>Use <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory" title="apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory</span></code></a> as a
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.rowtrace" title="apsw.Connection.rowtrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.Connection.rowtrace</span></code></a> for an entire connection, or
+<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.rowtrace" title="apsw.Cursor.rowtrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.Cursor.rowtrace</span></code></a> for a specific cursor.</p>
+</section>
+<section id="converting-types-into-and-out-of-sqlite">
+<h2>Converting types into and out of SQLite<a class="headerlink" href="#converting-types-into-and-out-of-sqlite" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>SQLite only stores and returns 5 types:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p>None</p></li>
+<li><p>int</p></li>
+<li><p>float</p></li>
+<li><p>str</p></li>
+<li><p>bytes</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Use <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory" title="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory</span></code></a> as
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.cursor_factory" title="apsw.Connection.cursor_factory"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.Connection.cursor_factory</span></code></a> to adapt values going into
+SQLite, and convert them coming out.  See <a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-type-conversion"><span class="std std-ref">the example</span></a>.</p>
+<p>To convert values going into SQLite, do either of:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p>Inherit from <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter" title="apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter</span></code></a> and define a
+<em>to_sqlite_value</em> method on the class</p></li>
+<li><p>Call <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_adapter" title="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_adapter"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_adapter()</span></code></a> with the
+type and a adapter function</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>To adapt values coming out of SQLite:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p>Call <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_converter" title="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_converter"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_converter()</span></code></a> with the
+exact type string in the table and a converter function</p></li>
+</ul>
+</section>
+<section id="detailed-query-information">
+<h2>Detailed Query Information<a class="headerlink" href="#detailed-query-information" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>SQLite can provide lots of information about queries.  The
+<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.query_info" title="apsw.ext.query_info"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">query_info</span></code></a> function can gather them up
+for you.  This includes:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p><strong>readonly</strong> if the query makes no direct changes</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>first_query</strong> if multiple queries are provided</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>actions</strong> which databases, tables, columns, functions, views etc
+are referenced - see <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">actions</a></p></li>
+<li><p><strong>query_plan</strong> which indices, tables scans etc are used to find the
+query results - see <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/eqp.html">query plans</a></p></li>
+<li><p><strong>explain</strong> for the low level steps taken inside SQLite - see
+<a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/opcode.html">SQLite bytecode</a></p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-query-details"><span class="std std-ref">the example</span></a>.</p>
+</section>
+<section id="module-apsw.ext">
+<span id="api-reference"></span><h2>API Reference<a class="headerlink" href="#module-apsw.ext" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">DataClassRowFactory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">rename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dataclass_kwargs</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Dict</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Any</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#DataClassRowFactory"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Returns each row as a <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html#module-dataclasses" title="(in Python v3.11)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dataclass</span></code></a>, accessible by column name.</p>
+<p>To use set an instance as <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.rowtrace" title="apsw.Connection.rowtrace"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.rowtrace</span></code></a> to affect all <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cursors</span></code></a>, or on a specific cursor:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rowtrace</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ext</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DataClassRowFactory</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;SELECT title, sum(orders) AS total, ...&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+    <span class="c1"># You can now access by name</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">total</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="c1"># you can get the underlying description</span>
+    <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__description__</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>You can use as many instances of this class as you want, each across as many
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connections</span></code></a> as you want.</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
+<li><p><strong>rename</strong> – Column names could be duplicated, or not
+valid in Python (eg a column named <cite>continue</cite>).
+If <cite>rename</cite> is True, then invalid/duplicate names are replaced
+with <cite>_</cite> and their position starting at zero.  For example <cite>title,
+total, title, continue</cite> would become <cite>title, total, _2, _3</cite>.  If
+<cite>rename</cite> is False then problem column names will result in
+<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#TypeError" title="(in Python v3.11)"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> raised by <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html#dataclasses.make_dataclass" title="(in Python v3.11)"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dataclasses.make_dataclass()</span></code></a></p></li>
+<li><p><strong>dataclass_kwargs</strong> – Additional parameters when creating the dataclass
+as described in <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html#dataclasses.dataclass" title="(in Python v3.11)"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dataclasses.dataclass()</span></code></a>.  For example you may
+want <cite>frozen = True</cite> to make the dataclass read-only, or <cite>slots = True</cite>
+to reduce memory consumption.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.get_dataclass">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_dataclass</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">description</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Any</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#DataClassRowFactory.get_dataclass"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.get_dataclass" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Returns dataclass and tuple of (potentially renamed) column names</p>
+<p>The dataclass is what is returned for each row with that
+<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.getdescription" title="apsw.Cursor.getdescription"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">description</span></code></a></p>
+<p>This method caches it results.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.get_type">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_type</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">t</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Any</span></span></span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#DataClassRowFactory.get_type"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.get_type" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Returns the <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html">type hint</a> to use in the dataclass based on the type in the <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.getdescription" title="apsw.Cursor.getdescription"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">description</span></code></a></p>
+<p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html#affname">SQLite’s affinity rules</a> are followed.</p>
+<p>The values have no effect on how your program runs, but can be used by tools like
+mypy.  Column information like whether <cite>null</cite> is allowed is not present, so
+this is just a hint.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.__call__">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__call__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cursor</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><span class="pre">apsw.Cursor</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">row</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.SQLiteValues" title="apsw.SQLiteValues"><span class="pre">apsw.SQLiteValues</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Any</span></span></span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#DataClassRowFactory.__call__"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.__call__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>What the row tracer calls</p>
+<p>This <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.get_dataclass" title="apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.get_dataclass"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">looks</span> <span class="pre">up</span></code></a> the dataclass and column
+names, and then returns an instance of the dataclass.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SQLiteTypeAdapter</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#SQLiteTypeAdapter"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>A metaclass to indicate conversion to SQLite types is supported</p>
+<p>This is one way to indicate your type supports conversion to a
+value supported by SQLite.  You can either inherit from this class,
+or call the register method:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ext</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteTypeAdapter</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">YourClassHere</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Doing either is entirely sufficient and there is no need to
+register with <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory" title="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory</span></code></a></p>
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter.to_sqlite_value">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">abstract</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">to_sqlite_value</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><span class="pre">apsw.SQLiteValue</span></a></span></span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#SQLiteTypeAdapter.to_sqlite_value"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter.to_sqlite_value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Return a SQLite compatible value for this object</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">abstract_base_class:</span> <span class="pre">~abc.ABCMeta</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">&lt;class</span> <span class="pre">'apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter'&gt;</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#TypesConverterCursorFactory"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Provides cursors that can convert objects into one of the types supported by SQLite. or back from SQLite</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>metaclass</strong> – Which metaclass to consider as conversion capable</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_adapter">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">register_adapter</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">klass</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#type" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">type</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Any</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><span class="pre">apsw.SQLiteValue</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_adapter"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_adapter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Registers a callable that converts from <cite>klass</cite> to one of the supported SQLite types</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_converter">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">register_converter</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">callable</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Callable</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><span class="pre">apsw.SQLiteValue</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Any</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_converter"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_converter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Registers a callable that converts from a SQLite value</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.__call__">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">__call__</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">connection</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><span class="pre">apsw.Connection</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor" title="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor"><span class="pre">TypeConverterCursor</span></a></span></span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#TypesConverterCursorFactory.__call__"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.__call__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Returns a new <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cursor</span></code></a> for the <cite>connection</cite></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.adapt_value">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">adapt_value</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Any</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><span class="pre">apsw.SQLiteValue</span></a></span></span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#TypesConverterCursorFactory.adapt_value"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.adapt_value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Returns SQLite representation of <cite>value</cite></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.convert_value">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">convert_value</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">schematype</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">value</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><span class="pre">apsw.SQLiteValue</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Any</span></span></span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#TypesConverterCursorFactory.convert_value"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.convert_value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Returns Python object from schema type and SQLite value</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_bindings">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">wrap_bindings</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bindings</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.Bindings" title="apsw.Bindings"><span class="pre">apsw.Bindings</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.Bindings" title="apsw.Bindings"><span class="pre">apsw.Bindings</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_bindings"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_bindings" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Wraps bindings that are supplied to underlying execute</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_sequence_bindings">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">wrap_sequence_bindings</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sequenceofbindings</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Sequence</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.Bindings" title="apsw.Bindings"><span class="pre">apsw.Bindings</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_sequence_bindings"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_sequence_bindings" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd></dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.DictAdapter">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">DictAdapter</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">factory</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory" title="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.abc.html#collections.abc.Mapping" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">collections.abc.Mapping</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><span class="pre">apsw.SQLiteValue</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#TypesConverterCursorFactory.DictAdapter"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.DictAdapter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Used to wrap dictionaries supplied as bindings</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TypeConverterCursor</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">connection</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><span class="pre">Connection</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">factory</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory" title="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Cursor used to do conversions</p>
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.execute">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">execute</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">statements</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bindings</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.Bindings" title="apsw.Bindings"><span class="pre">apsw.Bindings</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">can_cache</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">prepare_flags</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><span class="pre">apsw.Cursor</span></a></span></span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.execute"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.execute" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Executes the statements doing conversions on supplied and returned values</p>
+<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.Cursor.execute()</span></code></a> for parameter details</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py method">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.executemany">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">executemany</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">statements</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sequenceofbindings</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Sequence</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.Bindings" title="apsw.Bindings"><span class="pre">apsw.Bindings</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">can_cache</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">prepare_flags</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor" title="apsw.Cursor"><span class="pre">apsw.Cursor</span></a></span></span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.executemany"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.executemany" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Executes the statements against each item in sequenceofbindings, doing conversions on supplied and returned values</p>
+<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.executemany" title="apsw.Cursor.executemany"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.Cursor.executemany()</span></code></a> for parameter details</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</dd></dl>
+
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py function">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.query_info">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">query_info</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">db</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><span class="pre">apsw.Connection</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">query</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bindings</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.Bindings" title="apsw.Bindings"><span class="pre">apsw.Bindings</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">prepare_flags</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">actions</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">expanded_sql</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">explain</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">explain_query_plan</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails" title="apsw.ext.QueryDetails"><span class="pre">QueryDetails</span></a></span></span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#query_info"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.query_info" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Returns information about the query, but does not run it.</p>
+<p>Set the various parameters to <cite>True</cite> if you also want the
+actions, expanded_sql, explain, query_plan etc filled in.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryDetails">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">QueryDetails</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">query</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bindings</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.Bindings" title="apsw.Bindings"><span class="pre">apsw.Bindings</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">first_query</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">query_remaining</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">is_explain</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">is_readonly</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">description</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">description_full</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">expanded_sql</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">actions</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">List</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction" title="apsw.ext.QueryAction"><span class="pre">QueryAction</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">explain</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">List</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction" title="apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction"><span class="pre">VDBEInstruction</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">query_plan</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryPlan" title="apsw.ext.QueryPlan"><span class="pre">QueryPlan</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#QueryDetails"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>A <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html#module-dataclasses" title="(in Python v3.11)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dataclass</span></code></a> that provides detailed information about a query, returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.query_info" title="apsw.ext.query_info"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">query_info()</span></code></a></p>
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryDetails.query">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">query</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.query" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Original query provided</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryDetails.bindings">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">bindings</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.Bindings" title="apsw.Bindings"><span class="pre">apsw.Bindings</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.bindings" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Bindings provided</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryDetails.first_query">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">first_query</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.first_query" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>The first statement present in query</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryDetails.query_remaining">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">query_remaining</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.query_remaining" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Query text after the first one if multiple were in query, else None</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryDetails.is_explain">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_explain</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.is_explain" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.is_explain" title="apsw.Cursor.is_explain"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.is_explain</span></code></a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryDetails.is_readonly">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_readonly</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.is_readonly" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.is_readonly" title="apsw.Cursor.is_readonly"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.is_readonly</span></code></a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryDetails.description">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">description</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.description" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.getdescription" title="apsw.Cursor.getdescription"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.getdescription</span></code></a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryDetails.description_full">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">description_full</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.description_full" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.description_full" title="apsw.Cursor.description_full"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.description_full</span></code></a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryDetails.expanded_sql">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">expanded_sql</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.expanded_sql" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.expanded_sql" title="apsw.Cursor.expanded_sql"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.expanded_sql</span></code></a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryDetails.actions">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">actions</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">List</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction" title="apsw.ext.QueryAction"><span class="pre">QueryAction</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.actions" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>A list of the actions taken by the query, as discovered via
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.authorizer" title="apsw.Connection.authorizer"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.authorizer</span></code></a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryDetails.explain">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">explain</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">List</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction" title="apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction"><span class="pre">VDBEInstruction</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.explain" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>A list of instructions of the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/opcode.html">internal code</a>
+used by SQLite to execute the query</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryDetails.query_plan">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">query_plan</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryPlan" title="apsw.ext.QueryPlan"><span class="pre">QueryPlan</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.query_plan" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>The steps taken against tables and indices <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/eqp.html">described here</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryAction">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">QueryAction</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">action</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">action_name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">column_name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">database_name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">file_name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">function_name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">module_name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">operation</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pragma_name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pragma_value</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">table_name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">trigger_name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">trigger_or_view</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">view_name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#QueryAction"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>A <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html#module-dataclasses" title="(in Python v3.11)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dataclass</span></code></a> that provides information about one action taken by a query</p>
+<p>Depending on the action, only a subset of the fields will have non-None values</p>
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryAction.action">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">action</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.action" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html">Authorizer code</a> (also present
+in <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_authorizer_function" title="apsw.mapping_authorizer_function"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.mapping_authorizer_function</span></code></a>)</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryAction.action_name">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">action_name</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.action_name" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>The string corresponding to the action.  For example <cite>action</cite> could be <cite>21</cite> in which
+case <cite>action_name</cite> will be <cite>SQLITE_SELECT</cite></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryAction.column_name">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">column_name</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.column_name" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd></dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryAction.database_name">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">database_name</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.database_name" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>eg <cite>main</cite>, <cite>temp</cite>, the name in <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/lang_attach.html">ATTACH</a></p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryAction.file_name">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">file_name</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.file_name" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd></dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryAction.function_name">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">function_name</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.function_name" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd></dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryAction.module_name">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">module_name</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.module_name" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd></dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryAction.operation">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">operation</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.operation" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd></dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryAction.pragma_name">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">pragma_name</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.pragma_name" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd></dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryAction.pragma_value">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">pragma_value</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.pragma_value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd></dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryAction.table_name">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">table_name</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.table_name" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd></dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryAction.trigger_name">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">trigger_name</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.trigger_name" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd></dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryAction.trigger_or_view">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">trigger_or_view</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.trigger_or_view" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>This action is happening due to a trigger or view, and not
+directly expressed in the query itself</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryAction.view_name">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">view_name</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.view_name" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd></dd></dl>
+
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryPlan">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">QueryPlan</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">detail</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sub</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">List</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryPlan" title="apsw.ext.QueryPlan"><span class="pre">QueryPlan</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#QueryPlan"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryPlan" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>A <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html#module-dataclasses" title="(in Python v3.11)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dataclass</span></code></a> for one step of a query plan</p>
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryPlan.detail">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">detail</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryPlan.detail" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Description of this step</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.QueryPlan.sub">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">sub</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">List</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryPlan" title="apsw.ext.QueryPlan"><span class="pre">QueryPlan</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.QueryPlan.sub" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Steps that run within this one</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">VDBEInstruction</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">addr</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">opcode</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">comment</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">p1</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">p2</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">p3</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">p4</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">p5</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/ext.html#VDBEInstruction"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>A <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html#module-dataclasses" title="(in Python v3.11)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dataclass</span></code></a> representing one instruction and its parameters</p>
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.addr">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">addr</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.addr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Address of this opcode.  It will be the target of goto, loops etc</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.opcode">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">opcode</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.opcode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>The instruction</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.comment">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">comment</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.comment" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Additional human readable information</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p1">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">p1</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p1" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>First opcode parameter</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p2">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">p2</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p2" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Second opcode parameter</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p3">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">p3</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p3" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Third opcode parameter</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p4">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">p4</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p4" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Fourth opcode parameter</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="py attribute">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p5">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">p5</span></span><em class="property"><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></em><em class="property"><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">None</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p5" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Fifth opcode parameter</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</dd></dl>
+
+</section>
+</section>
+
+
+            <div class="clearer"></div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
+        <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Various interesting and useful bits of functionality</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#accessing-result-rows-by-column-name">Accessing result rows by column name</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#converting-types-into-and-out-of-sqlite">Converting types into and out of SQLite</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#detailed-query-information">Detailed Query Information</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#module-apsw.ext">API Reference</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataClassRowFactory</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.get_dataclass"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataClassRowFactory.get_dataclass()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.get_type"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataClassRowFactory.get_type()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.__call__"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DataClassRowFactory.__call__()</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteTypeAdapter</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter.to_sqlite_value"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLiteTypeAdapter.to_sqlite_value()</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_adapter"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_adapter()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_converter"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_converter()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.__call__"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory.__call__()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.adapt_value"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory.adapt_value()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.convert_value"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory.convert_value()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_bindings"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_bindings()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_sequence_bindings"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_sequence_bindings()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.DictAdapter"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory.DictAdapter</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.execute"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.execute()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.executemany"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.executemany()</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.query_info"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">query_info()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryDetails</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.query"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryDetails.query</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.bindings"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryDetails.bindings</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.first_query"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryDetails.first_query</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.query_remaining"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryDetails.query_remaining</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.is_explain"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryDetails.is_explain</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.is_readonly"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryDetails.is_readonly</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.description"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryDetails.description</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.description_full"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryDetails.description_full</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.expanded_sql"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryDetails.expanded_sql</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.actions"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryDetails.actions</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.explain"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryDetails.explain</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.query_plan"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryDetails.query_plan</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryAction</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.action"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryAction.action</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.action_name"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryAction.action_name</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.column_name"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryAction.column_name</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.database_name"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryAction.database_name</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.file_name"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryAction.file_name</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.function_name"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryAction.function_name</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.module_name"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryAction.module_name</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.operation"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryAction.operation</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.pragma_name"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryAction.pragma_name</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.pragma_value"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryAction.pragma_value</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.table_name"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryAction.table_name</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.trigger_name"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryAction.trigger_name</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.trigger_or_view"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryAction.trigger_or_view</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryAction.view_name"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryAction.view_name</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryPlan"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryPlan</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryPlan.detail"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryPlan.detail</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.QueryPlan.sub"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QueryPlan.sub</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VDBEInstruction</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.addr"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VDBEInstruction.addr</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.opcode"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VDBEInstruction.opcode</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.comment"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VDBEInstruction.comment</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p1"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VDBEInstruction.p1</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p2"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VDBEInstruction.p2</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p3"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VDBEInstruction.p3</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p4"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VDBEInstruction.p4</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p5"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VDBEInstruction.p5</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="shell.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">Shell</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="exceptions.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Exceptions</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
+    <h3>This Page</h3>
+    <ul class="this-page-menu">
+      <li><a href="_sources/ext.rst.txt"
+            rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li>
+    </ul>
+   </div>
+<div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search">
+  <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>
+    <div class="searchformwrapper">
+    <form class="search" action="search.html" method="get">
+      <input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"/>
+      <input type="submit" value="Go" />
+    </form>
+    </div>
+</div>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="clearer"></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
+      <h3>Navigation</h3>
+      <ul>
+        <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
+          <a href="genindex.html" title="General Index"
+             >index</a></li>
+        <li class="right" >
+          <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
+             >modules</a> |</li>
+        <li class="right" >
+          <a href="exceptions.html" title="Exceptions"
+             >next</a> |</li>
+        <li class="right" >
+          <a href="shell.html" title="Shell"
+             >previous</a> |</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Various interesting and useful bits of functionality</a></li> 
+      </ul>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
+        &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
+    </div>
+<div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
+Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
+the JavaScript coming from www.google-analytics.com.
+<script type="text/javascript">
+  (function() {
+    var ga = document.createElement('script');
+    ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ?
+              'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
+    ga.setAttribute('async', 'true');
+    document.documentElement.firstChild.appendChild(ga);
+  })();
+</script>
+</div>
+
+  </body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/genindex.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/genindex.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/genindex.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/genindex.html	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-    <title>Index &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Index &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="#" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Index</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -64,6 +66,7 @@
  | <a href="#N"><strong>N</strong></a>
  | <a href="#O"><strong>O</strong></a>
  | <a href="#P"><strong>P</strong></a>
+ | <a href="#Q"><strong>Q</strong></a>
  | <a href="#R"><strong>R</strong></a>
  | <a href="#S"><strong>S</strong></a>
  | <a href="#T"><strong>T</strong></a>
@@ -77,6 +80,12 @@
 <h2 id="_">_</h2>
 <table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.__call__">__call__() (DataClassRowFactory method)</a>
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.__call__">(TypesConverterCursorFactory method)</a>
+</li>
+      </ul></li>
       <li><a href="backup.html#apsw.Backup.__enter__">__enter__() (Backup method)</a>
 
       <ul>
@@ -85,6 +94,8 @@
         <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.__enter__">(Connection method)</a>
 </li>
       </ul></li>
+  </ul></td>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
       <li><a href="backup.html#apsw.Backup.__exit__">__exit__() (Backup method)</a>
 
       <ul>
@@ -93,8 +104,6 @@
         <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.__exit__">(Connection method)</a>
 </li>
       </ul></li>
-  </ul></td>
-  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
       <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.__iter__">__iter__() (Cursor method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.__next__">__next__() (Cursor method)</a>
@@ -107,6 +116,28 @@
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.AbortError">AbortError</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-14">Accessing results by column name (example code)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryAction.action">action (QueryAction attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryAction.action_name">action_name (QueryAction attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.actions">actions (QueryDetails attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.adapt_value">adapt_value() (TypesConverterCursorFactory method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.addr">addr (VDBEInstruction attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.AggregateFactory">AggregateFactory (class in apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.AggregateFinal">AggregateFinal (class in apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.AggregateStep">AggregateStep (class in apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.AggregateT">AggregateT (class in apsw)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
       <li>
     apsw
 
@@ -114,12 +145,30 @@
         <li><a href="apsw.html#module-apsw">module</a>
 </li>
       </ul></li>
-  </ul></td>
-  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li>
+    apsw.ext
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="ext.html#module-apsw.ext">module</a>
+</li>
+      </ul></li>
+      <li>
+    apsw.shell
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="shell.html#module-apsw.shell">module</a>
+</li>
+      </ul></li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.apswversion">apswversion() (in module apsw)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.AuthError">AuthError</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.Authorizer">Authorizer (class in apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.authorizer">authorizer (Connection attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-18">Authorizer (control what SQL can do) (example code)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.autovacuum_pages">autovacuum_pages() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
   </ul></td>
@@ -130,18 +179,30 @@
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
       <li><a href="backup.html#apsw.Backup">Backup (class in apsw)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-25">Backup an open database (example code)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.backup">backup() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="vtable.html#apsw.VTTable.Begin">Begin() (VTTable method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="vtable.html#apsw.VTTable.BestIndex">BestIndex() (VTTable method)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.Bindings">Bindings (class in apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-5">Bindings (dict) (example code)</a>
+</li>
   </ul></td>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.bindings">bindings (QueryDetails attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-4">Bindings (sequence) (example code)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.BindingsError">BindingsError</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="blob.html#apsw.Blob">Blob (class in apsw)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-17">Blob I/O (example code)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.blobopen">blobopen() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.BusyError">BusyError</a>
@@ -152,10 +213,16 @@
 <h2 id="C">C</h2>
 <table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.cache_stats">cache_stats() (Connection method)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.CantOpenError">CantOpenError</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.changes">changes() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-0">Checking APSW and SQLite versions (example code)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-28">Cleanup (example code)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="backup.html#apsw.Backup.close">close() (Backup method)</a>
 
       <ul>
@@ -168,28 +235,36 @@
       </ul></li>
       <li><a href="vtable.html#apsw.VTCursor.Close">Close() (VTCursor method)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.cmdloop">cmdloop() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.cmdloop">cmdloop() (Shell method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.collationneeded">collationneeded() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="vtable.html#apsw.VTCursor.Column">Column() (VTCursor method)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryAction.column_name">column_name (QueryAction attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.comment">comment (VDBEInstruction attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-20">Commit hook (example code)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="vtable.html#apsw.VTTable.Commit">Commit() (VTTable method)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.CommitHook">CommitHook (class in apsw)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.compile_options">compile_options (in module apsw)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.complete">complete() (in module apsw)</a>
 
       <ul>
-        <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.complete">(Shell method)</a>
+        <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.complete">(Shell method)</a>
 </li>
       </ul></li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.complete_command">complete_command() (Shell method)</a>
-</li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.complete_sql">complete_sql() (Shell method)</a>
-</li>
   </ul></td>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.complete_command">complete_command() (Shell method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.complete_sql">complete_sql() (Shell method)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.config">config() (Connection method)</a>
 
       <ul>
@@ -200,6 +275,8 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection">Connection (class in apsw)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.connection">connection (Cursor attribute)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.connection_hooks">connection_hooks (in module apsw)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.ConnectionClosedError">ConnectionClosedError</a>
@@ -208,6 +285,8 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.ConstraintError">ConstraintError</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.convert_value">convert_value() (TypesConverterCursorFactory method)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.CorruptError">CorruptError</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="vtable.html#apsw.VTModule.Create">Create() (VTModule method)</a>
@@ -224,6 +303,8 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.cursor">cursor() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.cursor_factory">cursor_factory (Connection attribute)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.CursorClosedError">CursorClosedError</a>
 </li>
   </ul></td>
@@ -232,23 +313,45 @@
 <h2 id="D">D</h2>
 <table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.db">db (Shell property)</a>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryAction.database_name">database_name (QueryAction attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory">DataClassRowFactory (class in apsw.ext)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.db">db (Shell property)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.db_filename">db_filename() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.db_names">db_names() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-12">Defining aggregate functions (example code)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-13">Defining collations (sorting) (example code)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-11">Defining your own functions (example code)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.description">description (Cursor attribute)</a>
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.description">(QueryDetails attribute)</a>
 </li>
+      </ul></li>
   </ul></td>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.description_full">description_full (Cursor attribute)</a>
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.description_full">(QueryDetails attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      </ul></li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.deserialize">deserialize() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="vtable.html#apsw.VTTable.Destroy">Destroy() (VTTable method)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryPlan.detail">detail (QueryPlan attribute)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="vtable.html#apsw.VTTable.Disconnect">Disconnect() (VTTable method)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.display_timing">display_timing() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.display_timing">display_timing() (Shell method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="backup.html#apsw.Backup.done">done (Backup attribute)</a>
 </li>
@@ -264,13 +367,6 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.enablesharedcache">enablesharedcache() (in module apsw)</a>
 </li>
-      <li>
-    environment variable
-
-      <ul>
-        <li><a href="execution.html#index-0">PYTHONPATH</a>
-</li>
-      </ul></li>
       <li><a href="vtable.html#apsw.VTCursor.Eof">Eof() (VTCursor method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.Error">Error</a>
@@ -281,18 +377,50 @@
         <li><a href="vfs.html#apsw.VFSFile.excepthook">(VFSFile method)</a>
 </li>
       </ul></li>
-  </ul></td>
-  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.exceptionfor">exceptionfor() (in module apsw)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.exectrace">exectrace (Connection attribute)</a>
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.exectrace">(Cursor attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      </ul></li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.ExecTraceAbort">ExecTraceAbort</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute">execute() (Cursor method)</a>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.ExecTracer">ExecTracer (class in apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.execute">execute() (Connection method)</a>
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute">(Cursor method)</a>
+</li>
+        <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.execute">(TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor method)</a>
+</li>
+      </ul></li>
+  </ul></td>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-8">executemany (example code)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.executemany">executemany() (Connection method)</a>
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.executemany">(Cursor method)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.executemany">executemany() (Cursor method)</a>
+        <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.executemany">(TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor method)</a>
+</li>
+      </ul></li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-2">Executing SQL (example code)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.ExecutionCompleteError">ExecutionCompleteError</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.expanded_sql">expanded_sql (Cursor attribute)</a>
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.expanded_sql">(QueryDetails attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      </ul></li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.explain">explain (QueryDetails attribute)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.Error.extendedresult">extendedresult (Error attribute)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.ExtensionLoadingError">ExtensionLoadingError</a>
@@ -307,6 +435,8 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.fetchone">fetchone() (Cursor method)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryAction.file_name">file_name (QueryAction attribute)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.filecontrol">filecontrol() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.filename">filename (Connection attribute)</a>
@@ -321,7 +451,9 @@
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
       <li><a href="backup.html#apsw.Backup.finish">finish() (Backup method)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.fixup_backslashes">fixup_backslashes() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.first_query">first_query (QueryDetails attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.fixup_backslashes">fixup_backslashes() (Shell method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.fork_checker">fork_checker() (in module apsw)</a>
 </li>
@@ -333,31 +465,37 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.FullError">FullError</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryAction.function_name">function_name (QueryAction attribute)</a>
+</li>
   </ul></td>
 </tr></table>
 
 <h2 id="G">G</h2>
 <table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.get_resource_usage">get_resource_usage() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.get_dataclass">get_dataclass() (DataClassRowFactory method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.get_resource_usage">get_resource_usage() (Shell method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.get_type">get_type() (DataClassRowFactory method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.getautocommit">getautocommit() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.getcompleteline">getcompleteline() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.getcompleteline">getcompleteline() (Shell method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.getconnection">getconnection() (Cursor method)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.getdescription">getdescription() (Cursor method)</a>
-</li>
   </ul></td>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.getdescription">getdescription() (Cursor method)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.getexectrace">getexectrace() (Connection method)</a>
 
       <ul>
         <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.getexectrace">(Cursor method)</a>
 </li>
       </ul></li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.getline">getline() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.getline">getline() (Shell method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.getrowtrace">getrowtrace() (Connection method)</a>
 
@@ -371,11 +509,11 @@
 <h2 id="H">H</h2>
 <table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.handle_exception">handle_exception() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.handle_exception">handle_exception() (Shell method)</a>
 </li>
   </ul></td>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.handle_interrupt">handle_interrupt() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.handle_interrupt">handle_interrupt() (Shell method)</a>
 </li>
   </ul></td>
 </tr></table>
@@ -383,20 +521,34 @@
 <h2 id="I">I</h2>
 <table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.in_transaction">in_transaction (Connection attribute)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.IncompleteExecutionError">IncompleteExecutionError</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.initialize">initialize() (in module apsw)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.InternalError">InternalError</a>
 </li>
-  </ul></td>
-  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.interrupt">interrupt() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
+  </ul></td>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.InterruptError">InterruptError</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.IOError">IOError</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.is_explain">is_explain (Cursor attribute)</a>
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.is_explain">(QueryDetails attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      </ul></li>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.is_readonly">is_readonly (Cursor attribute)</a>
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.is_readonly">(QueryDetails attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      </ul></li>
   </ul></td>
 </tr></table>
 
@@ -419,9 +571,11 @@
         <li><a href="blob.html#apsw.zeroblob.length">(zeroblob method)</a>
 </li>
       </ul></li>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.limit">limit() (Connection method)</a>
+</li>
   </ul></td>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.limit">limit() (Connection method)</a>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-24">Limits (example code)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.loadextension">loadextension() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
@@ -435,14 +589,60 @@
 <h2 id="M">M</h2>
 <table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
-      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.main">main() (in module apsw)</a>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.main">main() (in module apsw.shell)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.memoryhighwater">memoryhighwater() (in module apsw)</a>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_access">mapping_access (in module apsw)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.memoryused">memoryused() (in module apsw)</a>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_authorizer_function">mapping_authorizer_function (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_authorizer_return">mapping_authorizer_return (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_bestindex_constraints">mapping_bestindex_constraints (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_config">mapping_config (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_conflict_resolution_modes">mapping_conflict_resolution_modes (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_db_config">mapping_db_config (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_db_status">mapping_db_status (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_device_characteristics">mapping_device_characteristics (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_extended_result_codes">mapping_extended_result_codes (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_file_control">mapping_file_control (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_limits">mapping_limits (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_locking_level">mapping_locking_level (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_open_flags">mapping_open_flags (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_prepare_flags">mapping_prepare_flags (in module apsw)</a>
 </li>
   </ul></td>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_result_codes">mapping_result_codes (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_status">mapping_status (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_sync">mapping_sync (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_txn_state">mapping_txn_state (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_virtual_table_configuration_options">mapping_virtual_table_configuration_options (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_virtual_table_scan_flags">mapping_virtual_table_scan_flags (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_wal_checkpoint">mapping_wal_checkpoint (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.mapping_xshmlock_flags">mapping_xshmlock_flags (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.memoryhighwater">memoryhighwater() (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.memoryused">memoryused() (in module apsw)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.MismatchError">MismatchError</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.MisuseError">MisuseError</a>
@@ -453,7 +653,13 @@
       <ul>
         <li><a href="apsw.html#module-apsw">apsw</a>
 </li>
+        <li><a href="ext.html#module-apsw.ext">apsw.ext</a>
+</li>
+        <li><a href="shell.html#module-apsw.shell">apsw.shell</a>
+</li>
       </ul></li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryAction.module_name">module_name (QueryAction attribute)</a>
+</li>
   </ul></td>
 </tr></table>
 
@@ -478,6 +684,8 @@
 <h2 id="O">O</h2>
 <table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.opcode">opcode (VDBEInstruction attribute)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="vtable.html#apsw.VTTable.Open">Open() (VTTable method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.open_flags">open_flags (Connection attribute)</a>
@@ -486,6 +694,10 @@
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.open_vfs">open_vfs (Connection attribute)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-1">Opening the database (example code)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryAction.operation">operation (QueryAction attribute)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.overloadfunction">overloadfunction() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
   </ul></td>
@@ -494,31 +706,47 @@
 <h2 id="P">P</h2>
 <table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
-      <li><a href="backup.html#apsw.Backup.pagecount">pagecount (Backup attribute)</a>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p1">p1 (VDBEInstruction attribute)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.PermissionsError">PermissionsError</a>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p2">p2 (VDBEInstruction attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p3">p3 (VDBEInstruction attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p4">p4 (VDBEInstruction attribute)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.pop_input">pop_input() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p5">p5 (VDBEInstruction attribute)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.pop_output">pop_output() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="backup.html#apsw.Backup.pagecount">pagecount (Backup attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.PermissionsError">PermissionsError</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.process_args">process_args() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.pop_input">pop_input() (Shell method)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.process_command">process_command() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.pop_output">pop_output() (Shell method)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.process_complete_line">process_complete_line() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryAction.pragma_name">pragma_name (QueryAction attribute)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.process_sql">process_sql() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryAction.pragma_value">pragma_value (QueryAction attribute)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.process_unknown_args">process_unknown_args() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.process_args">process_args() (Shell method)</a>
 </li>
   </ul></td>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.process_command">process_command() (Shell method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.process_complete_line">process_complete_line() (Shell method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.process_sql">process_sql() (Shell method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.process_unknown_args">process_unknown_args() (Shell method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-19">Progress handler (example code)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.ProtocolError">ProtocolError</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.push_input">push_input() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.push_input">push_input() (Shell method)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.push_output">push_output() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.push_output">push_output() (Shell method)</a>
 </li>
       <li>
     Python Enhancement Proposals
@@ -528,12 +756,32 @@
 </li>
         <li><a href="dbapi.html#index-0">PEP 249</a>, <a href="index.html#index-0">[1]</a>
 </li>
-        <li><a href="build.html#index-2">PEP 3149</a>, <a href="pysqlite.html#index-0">[1]</a>
-</li>
         <li><a href="build.html#index-0">PEP 370</a>, <a href="build.html#index-1">[1]</a>
 </li>
       </ul></li>
-      <li><a href="execution.html#index-0">PYTHONPATH</a>
+  </ul></td>
+</tr></table>
+
+<h2 id="Q">Q</h2>
+<table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.query">query (QueryDetails attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-16">Query details (example code)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.query_info">query_info() (in module apsw.ext)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.query_plan">query_plan (QueryDetails attribute)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryDetails.query_remaining">query_remaining (QueryDetails attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryAction">QueryAction (class in apsw.ext)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryDetails">QueryDetails (class in apsw.ext)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryPlan">QueryPlan (class in apsw.ext)</a>
 </li>
   </ul></td>
 </tr></table>
@@ -553,10 +801,14 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.ReadOnlyError">ReadOnlyError</a>
 </li>
-  </ul></td>
-  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_adapter">register_adapter() (TypesConverterCursorFactory method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_converter">register_converter() (TypesConverterCursorFactory method)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.releasememory">releasememory() (in module apsw)</a>
 </li>
+  </ul></td>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
       <li><a href="backup.html#apsw.Backup.remaining">remaining (Backup attribute)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="vtable.html#apsw.VTTable.Rename">Rename() (VTTable method)</a>
@@ -569,19 +821,29 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="vtable.html#apsw.VTCursor.Rowid">Rowid() (VTCursor method)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.rowtrace">rowtrace (Connection attribute)</a>
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.rowtrace">(Cursor attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      </ul></li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.RowTracer">RowTracer (class in apsw)</a>
+</li>
   </ul></td>
 </tr></table>
 
 <h2 id="S">S</h2>
 <table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.ScalarProtocol">ScalarProtocol (class in apsw)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.SchemaChangeError">SchemaChangeError</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="blob.html#apsw.Blob.seek">seek() (Blob method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.serialize">serialize() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.set_encoding">set_encoding() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.set_encoding">set_encoding() (Shell method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.set_last_insert_rowid">set_last_insert_rowid() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
@@ -615,9 +877,13 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.setwalhook">setwalhook() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell">Shell (class in apsw)</a>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell">Shell (class in apsw.shell)</a>
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="example.html#index-26">(example code)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.Error">Shell.Error</a>
+      </ul></li>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.Error">Shell.Error</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.shutdown">shutdown() (in module apsw)</a>
 </li>
@@ -625,11 +891,11 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.SQLError">SQLError</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-2">sqlite3_autovacuum_pages</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-3">sqlite3_autovacuum_pages</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="backup.html#index-1">sqlite3_backup_finish</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-3">sqlite3_backup_init</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-4">sqlite3_backup_init</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="backup.html#index-2">sqlite3_backup_pagecount</a>
 </li>
@@ -637,23 +903,23 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="backup.html#index-4">sqlite3_backup_step</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-0">sqlite3_bind_blob</a>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-1">sqlite3_bind_blob</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-0">sqlite3_bind_double</a>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-1">sqlite3_bind_double</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-0">sqlite3_bind_int64</a>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-1">sqlite3_bind_int64</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-0">sqlite3_bind_null</a>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-1">sqlite3_bind_null</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-0">sqlite3_bind_text</a>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-1">sqlite3_bind_text</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-0">sqlite3_bind_zeroblob</a>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-1">sqlite3_bind_zeroblob</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="blob.html#index-2">sqlite3_blob_bytes</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="blob.html#index-1">sqlite3_blob_close</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-4">sqlite3_blob_open</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-5">sqlite3_blob_open</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="blob.html#index-3">sqlite3_blob_read</a>, <a href="blob.html#index-4">[1]</a>
 </li>
@@ -661,21 +927,27 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="blob.html#index-6">sqlite3_blob_write</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-29">sqlite3_busy_handler</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-30">sqlite3_busy_handler</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-31">sqlite3_busy_timeout</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-30">sqlite3_busy_timeout</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-6">sqlite3_changes64</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-5">sqlite3_changes64</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-7">sqlite3_close</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-6">sqlite3_close</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-8">sqlite3_collation_needed</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-7">sqlite3_collation_needed</a>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-0">sqlite3_column_database_name</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-1">sqlite3_column_decltype</a>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-0">sqlite3_column_decltype</a>, <a href="cursor.html#index-3">[1]</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-1">sqlite3_column_name</a>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-0">sqlite3_column_name</a>, <a href="cursor.html#index-3">[1]</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-31">sqlite3_commit_hook</a>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-0">sqlite3_column_origin_name</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-0">sqlite3_column_table_name</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-32">sqlite3_commit_hook</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#index-0">sqlite3_compileoption_get</a>
 </li>
@@ -683,49 +955,51 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#index-2">sqlite3_config</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-10">sqlite3_create_collation_v2</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-11">sqlite3_create_collation_v2</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-12">sqlite3_create_function_v2</a>, <a href="connection.html#index-9">[1]</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-10">sqlite3_create_function_v2</a>, <a href="connection.html#index-13">[1]</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-11">sqlite3_create_module_v2</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-12">sqlite3_create_module_v2</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-8">sqlite3_db_config</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-9">sqlite3_db_config</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-14">sqlite3_db_filename</a>, <a href="connection.html#index-19">[1]</a>
 </li>
   </ul></td>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-13">sqlite3_db_filename</a>, <a href="connection.html#index-18">[1]</a>
-</li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-14">sqlite3_db_name</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-15">sqlite3_db_name</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-25">sqlite3_db_readonly</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-27">sqlite3_db_readonly</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-37">sqlite3_db_status</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-38">sqlite3_db_status</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-15">sqlite3_deserialize</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-16">sqlite3_deserialize</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-16">sqlite3_enable_load_extension</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-17">sqlite3_enable_load_extension</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#index-3">sqlite3_enable_shared_cache</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-17">sqlite3_file_control</a>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-2">sqlite3_expanded_sql</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-19">sqlite3_get_autocommit</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-18">sqlite3_file_control</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-20">sqlite3_get_autocommit</a>, <a href="connection.html#index-21">[1]</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#index-4">sqlite3_initialize</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-20">sqlite3_interrupt</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-22">sqlite3_interrupt</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#index-5">sqlite3_keyword_count</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#index-5">sqlite3_keyword_name</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-21">sqlite3_last_insert_rowid</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-23">sqlite3_last_insert_rowid</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#index-14">sqlite3_libversion</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-22">sqlite3_limit</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-24">sqlite3_limit</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-23">sqlite3_load_extension</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-25">sqlite3_load_extension</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#index-6">sqlite3_log</a>
 </li>
@@ -735,25 +1009,25 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#index-0">sqlite3_open_v2</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-24">sqlite3_overload_function</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-26">sqlite3_overload_function</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-0">sqlite3_prepare_v2</a>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-1">sqlite3_prepare_v3</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-32">sqlite3_profile</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-33">sqlite3_profile</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-33">sqlite3_progress_handler</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-34">sqlite3_progress_handler</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#index-9">sqlite3_randomness</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#index-10">sqlite3_release_memory</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-34">sqlite3_rollback_hook</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-35">sqlite3_rollback_hook</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-26">sqlite3_serialize</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-28">sqlite3_serialize</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-28">sqlite3_set_authorizer</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-2">sqlite3_set_authorizer</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-27">sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-29">sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#index-11">sqlite3_shutdown</a>
 </li>
@@ -765,13 +1039,17 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#index-15">sqlite3_status64</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-0">sqlite3_step</a>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-1">sqlite3_step</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-4">sqlite3_stmt_isexplain</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="cursor.html#index-5">sqlite3_stmt_readonly</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-38">sqlite3_total_changes64</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-39">sqlite3_total_changes64</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-39">sqlite3_txn_state</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-40">sqlite3_txn_state</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-35">sqlite3_update_hook</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-36">sqlite3_update_hook</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="vfs.html#index-2">sqlite3_uri_boolean</a>
 </li>
@@ -785,11 +1063,11 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="vfs.html#index-1">sqlite3_vfs_unregister</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-40">sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-41">sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-41">sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-42">sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="connection.html#index-36">sqlite3_wal_hook</a>
+      <li><a href="connection.html#index-37">sqlite3_wal_hook</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.sqlite3pointer">sqlite3pointer() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
@@ -797,6 +1075,14 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.sqlitelibversion">sqlitelibversion() (in module apsw)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter">SQLiteTypeAdapter (class in apsw.ext)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.SQLiteValue">SQLiteValue (class in apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.SQLiteValues">SQLiteValues (class in apsw)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-27">Statistics (example code)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.status">status() (Connection method)</a>
 
       <ul>
@@ -805,6 +1091,8 @@
       </ul></li>
       <li><a href="backup.html#apsw.Backup.step">step() (Backup method)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryPlan.sub">sub (QueryPlan attribute)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="vtable.html#apsw.VTTable.Sync">Sync() (VTTable method)</a>
 </li>
   </ul></td>
@@ -813,18 +1101,40 @@
 <h2 id="T">T</h2>
 <table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryAction.table_name">table_name (QueryAction attribute)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="blob.html#apsw.Blob.tell">tell() (Blob method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.ThreadingViolationError">ThreadingViolationError</a>
 </li>
-  </ul></td>
-  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter.to_sqlite_value">to_sqlite_value() (SQLiteTypeAdapter method)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.TooBigError">TooBigError</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.totalchanges">totalchanges() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-9">Tracing execution (example code)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-10">Tracing returned rows (example code)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-7">Transactions (example code)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryAction.trigger_name">trigger_name (QueryAction attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryAction.trigger_or_view">trigger_or_view (QueryAction attribute)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.txn_state">txn_state() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-15">Type conversion into/out of database (example code)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory">TypesConverterCursorFactory (class in apsw.ext)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.DictAdapter">TypesConverterCursorFactory.DictAdapter (class in apsw.ext)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor">TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor (class in apsw.ext)</a>
+</li>
   </ul></td>
 </tr></table>
 
@@ -833,6 +1143,8 @@
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
       <li><a href="vfs.html#apsw.VFS.unregister">unregister() (VFS method)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-21">Update hook (example code)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="vtable.html#apsw.VTTable.UpdateChangeRow">UpdateChangeRow() (VTTable method)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="vtable.html#apsw.VTTable.UpdateDeleteRow">UpdateDeleteRow() (VTTable method)</a>
@@ -849,7 +1161,9 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="vfs.html#apsw.URIFilename">URIFilename (class in apsw)</a>
 </li>
-      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.usage">usage() (Shell method)</a>
+      <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.usage">usage() (Shell method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-6">Using different types (example code)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="apsw.html#apsw.using_amalgamation">using_amalgamation (in module apsw)</a>
 </li>
@@ -859,8 +1173,12 @@
 <h2 id="V">V</h2>
 <table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction">VDBEInstruction (class in apsw.ext)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="vfs.html#apsw.VFS">VFS (class in apsw)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-23">VFS - Virtual File System (example code)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="vfs.html#apsw.VFSFile">VFSFile (class in apsw)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.VFSFileClosedError">VFSFileClosedError</a>
@@ -871,6 +1189,10 @@
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
       <li><a href="exceptions.html#apsw.VFSNotImplementedError">VFSNotImplementedError</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryAction.view_name">view_name (QueryAction attribute)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-22">Virtual tables (example code)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="vtable.html#apsw.VTCursor">VTCursor (class in apsw)</a>
 </li>
       <li><a href="vtable.html#apsw.VTModule">VTModule (class in apsw)</a>
@@ -887,12 +1209,18 @@
 </li>
       <li><a href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.wal_checkpoint">wal_checkpoint() (Connection method)</a>
 </li>
+      <li><a href="example.html#index-3">Why you use bindings to provide values (example code)</a>
+</li>
   </ul></td>
   <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_bindings">wrap_bindings() (TypesConverterCursorFactory method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_sequence_bindings">wrap_sequence_bindings() (TypesConverterCursorFactory method)</a>
+</li>
       <li><a href="blob.html#apsw.Blob.write">write() (Blob method)</a>
 
       <ul>
-        <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.Shell.write">(Shell method)</a>
+        <li><a href="shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.write">(Shell method)</a>
 </li>
       </ul></li>
   </ul></td>
@@ -985,7 +1313,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -999,15 +1327,15 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Index</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/index.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/index.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/index.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/index.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>APSW documentation &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>APSW documentation &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="tips.html" title="Tips"
              accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="#">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="#">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">APSW documentation</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -50,9 +52,9 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="apsw-documentation">
-<h1>APSW documentation<a class="headerlink" href="#apsw-documentation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<h1>APSW documentation<a class="headerlink" href="#apsw-documentation" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p class="centered">
-<strong>APSW 3.39.2.0 released 31 August 2022</strong></p><p>Use with SQLite 3.39 or later, CPython 3.6 and later:</p>
+<strong>APSW 3.40.0.0 released 27 November 2022</strong></p><p>Use with SQLite 3.39 or later, CPython 3.6 and later:</p>
 <blockquote>
 <div><p>Version <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/releases/tag/3.37.0-r1">3.37.0-r1</a>
 from January 2022 supports all CPython versions back to 2.3.  The
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@
 <p>APSW provides an SQLite 3 wrapper that provides the thinnest layer
 over the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org">SQLite</a> database library possible.
 Everything you can do from the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/intro.html">SQLite C API</a>, you can do from Python.
-Although APSW looks vaguely similar to the <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249"><strong>PEP 249</strong></a> (DBAPI), it is
+Although APSW looks vaguely similar to the <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0249/"><strong>PEP 249</strong></a> (DBAPI), it is
 <a class="reference internal" href="dbapi.html#dbapinotes"><span class="std std-ref">not compliant</span></a> with that API because instead it
 works the way SQLite 3 does. (Read more about the <a class="reference internal" href="pysqlite.html#pysqlitediffs"><span class="std std-ref">differences</span></a>).</p>
 <p>In general you should use Python’s <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html">builtin sqlite3 module</a>.  Use APSW when
@@ -70,8 +72,11 @@
 control what <a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#version-stuff"><span class="std std-ref">versions</span></a> are used, or want to
 control SQLite’s configuration (primarily done at <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/compile.html">compile time</a>) or extensions (like <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/json1.html">JSON</a> or <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/fts5.html">FTS</a>)</p>
 <p>APSW is hosted at <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw">https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw</a> and can be
-<a class="reference internal" href="download.html"><span class="doc">downloaded</span></a> from PyPI</p>
-<p>Contents:</p>
+<a class="reference internal" href="download.html"><span class="doc">downloaded</span></a> from <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/apsw/">PyPI</a></p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="genindex.html"><span class="std std-ref">Index</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="search.html"><span class="std std-ref">Search Page</span></a></p></li>
+</ul>
 <div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
 <ul>
 <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tips.html">Tips</a><ul>
@@ -80,19 +85,50 @@
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#transactions">Transactions</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#cursors">Cursors</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#bindings">Bindings</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#unicode">Unicode</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#managing-and-updating-your-schema">Managing and updating your schema</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#parsing-sql">Parsing SQL</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#unexpected-behaviour">Unexpected behaviour</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#customizing-cursors">Customizing cursors</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#customizing-connections">Customizing Connections</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#customizing-cursors">Customizing Cursors</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#busy-handling">Busy handling</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#database-schema">Database schema</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#shared-cache-mode">Shared Cache Mode</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="tips.html#write-ahead-logging">Write Ahead Logging</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
-<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html">Example</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html">Example/Tour</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#checking-apsw-and-sqlite-versions">Checking APSW and SQLite versions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#opening-the-database">Opening the database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#executing-sql">Executing SQL</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#why-you-use-bindings-to-provide-values">Why you use bindings to provide values</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#bindings-sequence">Bindings (sequence)</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#bindings-dict">Bindings (dict)</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#using-different-types">Using different types</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#transactions">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#executemany">executemany</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#tracing-execution">Tracing execution</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#tracing-returned-rows">Tracing returned rows</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#defining-your-own-functions">Defining your own functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#defining-aggregate-functions">Defining aggregate functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#defining-collations-sorting">Defining collations (sorting)</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#accessing-results-by-column-name">Accessing results by column name</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#type-conversion-into-out-of-database">Type conversion into/out of database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#query-details">Query details</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#blob-i-o">Blob I/O</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#authorizer-control-what-sql-can-do">Authorizer (control what SQL can do)</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#progress-handler">Progress handler</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#commit-hook">Commit hook</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#update-hook">Update hook</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#virtual-tables">Virtual tables</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#vfs-virtual-file-system">VFS - Virtual File System</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#limits">Limits</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#backup-an-open-database">Backup an open database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#shell">Shell</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#statistics">Statistics</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html#cleanup">Cleanup</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
 <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="download.html">Download</a><ul>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download.html#pypi-pip">PyPI/pip</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download.html#source">Source</a></li>
@@ -103,6 +139,7 @@
 <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="build.html">Building</a><ul>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="build.html#setup-py">setup.py</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="build.html#additional-setup-py-flags">Additional <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code> flags</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="build.html#matching-apsw-and-sqlite-options">Matching APSW and SQLite options</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="build.html#finding-sqlite-3">Finding SQLite 3</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="build.html#recommended">Recommended</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="build.html#source-distribution-advanced">Source distribution (advanced)</a></li>
@@ -156,15 +193,23 @@
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="shell.html">Shell</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="shell.html#notes">Notes</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="shell.html#commands">Commands</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="shell.html#command-line-usage">Command Line Usage</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="shell.html#notes">Notes</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="shell.html#example">Example</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="shell.html#unicode">Unicode</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="shell.html#shell-class">Shell class</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="ext.html">Various interesting and useful bits of functionality</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ext.html#accessing-result-rows-by-column-name">Accessing result rows by column name</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ext.html#converting-types-into-and-out-of-sqlite">Converting types into and out of SQLite</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ext.html#detailed-query-information">Detailed Query Information</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ext.html#module-apsw.ext">API Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
 <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html">Exceptions</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#apsw.Error"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Error</span></code></a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#apsw-specific-exceptions">APSW specific exceptions</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#sqlite-exceptions">SQLite Exceptions</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#augmented-stack-traces">Augmented stack traces</a></li>
@@ -192,7 +237,7 @@
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dbapi.html#optional-db-api-extensions">Optional DB API Extensions</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
-<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pysqlite.html">pysqlite differences</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pysqlite.html">sqlite3 module differences</a><ul>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pysqlite.html#what-apsw-does-better">What APSW does better</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pysqlite.html#what-sqlite3-does-better">What sqlite3 does better</a></li>
 </ul>
@@ -203,134 +248,130 @@
 </li>
 <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="copyright.html">Copyright and License</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html">Change History</a><ul>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id1">3.39.2.0</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id1">3.40.0.0</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id2">3.39.4.0</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id3">3.39.3.0</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id4">3.39.2.1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id5">3.39.2.0</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#r1">3.38.5-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id2">3.38.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id3">3.37.0-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id4">3.36.0-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id5">3.35.4-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id6">3.34.0-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id7">3.33.0-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id8">3.32.2-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id9">3.31.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id10">3.30.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id11">3.29.0-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id12">3.28.0-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id13">3.27.2-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id14">3.26.0-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id15">3.25.2-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id16">3.24.0-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id17">3.23.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id18">3.22.0-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id19">3.21.0-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id20">3.20.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id21">3.19.3-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id22">3.18.0-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id23">3.17.0-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id24">3.16.2-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id25">3.15.2-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id26">3.15.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id27">3.15.0-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id28">3.14.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id29">3.13.0-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id30">3.12.2-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id31">3.11.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id32">3.11.0-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id33">3.9.2-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id34">3.8.11.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id35">3.8.10.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id36">3.8.9-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id37">3.8.8.2-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id38">3.8.8.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id39">3.8.7.3-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id40">3.8.7.2-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id41">3.8.7.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id42">3.8.6-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id43">3.8.5-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id44">3.8.4.3-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id45">3.8.4.2-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id46">3.8.4.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id47">3.8.3.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id48">3.8.3-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id49">3.8.2-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id50">3.8.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id51">3.8.0.2-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id52">3.8.0.1-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id6">3.38.1-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id7">3.37.0-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id8">3.36.0-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id9">3.35.4-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id10">3.34.0-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id11">3.33.0-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id12">3.32.2-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id13">3.31.1-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id14">3.30.1-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id15">3.29.0-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id16">3.28.0-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id17">3.27.2-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id18">3.26.0-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id19">3.25.2-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id20">3.24.0-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id21">3.23.1-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id22">3.22.0-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id23">3.21.0-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id24">3.20.1-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id25">3.19.3-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id26">3.18.0-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id27">3.17.0-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id28">3.16.2-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id29">3.15.2-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id30">3.15.1-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id31">3.15.0-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id32">3.14.1-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id33">3.13.0-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id34">3.12.2-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id35">3.11.1-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id36">3.11.0-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id37">3.9.2-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id38">3.8.11.1-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id39">3.8.10.1-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id40">3.8.9-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id41">3.8.8.2-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id42">3.8.8.1-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id43">3.8.7.3-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id44">3.8.7.2-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id45">3.8.7.1-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id46">3.8.6-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id47">3.8.5-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id48">3.8.4.3-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id49">3.8.4.2-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id50">3.8.4.1-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id51">3.8.3.1-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id52">3.8.3-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id53">3.8.2-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id54">3.8.1-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id55">3.8.0.2-r1</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id56">3.8.0.1-r1</a></li>
 <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#r2">3.8.0-r2</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id53">3.8.0-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id54">3.7.17-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id55">3.7.16.2-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id56">3.7.16.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id57">3.7.16-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id58">3.7.15.2-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id59">3.7.15.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id60">3.7.15-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id61">3.7.14.1-r1</a></li>
-<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id62">3.7.14-r2</a></li>
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 </ul>
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-<section id="indices-and-tables">
-<h1>Indices and tables<a class="headerlink" href="#indices-and-tables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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@@ -339,15 +380,11 @@
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-  <h3><a href="#">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">APSW documentation</a></li>
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+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
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-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="#">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
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diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_modules/apsw/ext.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_modules/apsw/ext.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_modules/apsw/ext.html	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_modules/apsw/ext.html	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,605 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+    <title>apsw.ext &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../_static/pygments.css" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../_static/classic.css" />
+    
+    <script data-url_root="../../" id="documentation_options" src="../../_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
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+    <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
+      <h3>Navigation</h3>
+      <ul>
+        <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
+          <a href="../../genindex.html" title="General Index"
+             accesskey="I">index</a></li>
+        <li class="right" >
+          <a href="../../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
+             >modules</a> |</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="../../index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+          <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="../index.html" >Module code</a> &#187;</li>
+          <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="../apsw.html" accesskey="U">apsw</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">apsw.ext</a></li> 
+      </ul>
+    </div>  
+
+    <div class="document">
+      <div class="documentwrapper">
+        <div class="bodywrapper">
+          <div class="body" role="main">
+            
+  <h1>Source code for apsw.ext</h1><div class="highlight"><pre>
+<span></span><span class="c1"># Provides various useful routines</span>
+
+<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">__future__</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">annotations</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">collections</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">collections.abc</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>
+<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">version_info</span> <span class="o">&gt;=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">):</span>
+    <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">types</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">NoneType</span>
+<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="n">NoneType</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">dataclasses</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">dataclass</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">make_dataclass</span>
+
+<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">typing</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Tuple</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Union</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">List</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Any</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Dict</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Callable</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Sequence</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">functools</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">abc</span>
+
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">apsw</span>
+
+<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">keyword</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">iskeyword</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">_iskeyword</span>
+<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">ImportError</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="c1"># From https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#keywords</span>
+    <span class="n">_keywords</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+<span class="s2">    False      await      else       import     pass</span>
+<span class="s2">    None       break      except     in         raise</span>
+<span class="s2">    True       class      finally    is         return</span>
+<span class="s2">    and        continue   for        lambda     try</span>
+<span class="s2">    as         def        from       nonlocal   while</span>
+<span class="s2">    assert     del        global     not        with</span>
+<span class="s2">    async      elif       if         or         yield</span>
+<span class="s2">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">())</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_iskeyword</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">_keywords</span>
+
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="DataClassRowFactory"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">DataClassRowFactory</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Returns each row as a :mod:`dataclass &lt;dataclasses&gt;`, accessible by column name.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    To use set an instance as :attr:`Connection.rowtrace</span>
+<span class="sd">    &lt;apsw.Connection.rowtrace&gt;` to affect all :class:`cursors</span>
+<span class="sd">    &lt;apsw.Cursor&gt;`, or on a specific cursor::</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        connection.rowtrace = apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory()</span>
+<span class="sd">        for row in connection.execute(&quot;SELECT title, sum(orders) AS total, ...&quot;):</span>
+<span class="sd">            # You can now access by name</span>
+<span class="sd">            print (row.title, row.total)</span>
+<span class="sd">            # you can get the underlying description</span>
+<span class="sd">            print (row.__description__)</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    You can use as many instances of this class as you want, each across as many</span>
+<span class="sd">    :class:`connections &lt;apsw.Connection&gt;` as you want.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    :param rename:     Column names could be duplicated, or not</span>
+<span class="sd">        valid in Python (eg a column named `continue`).</span>
+<span class="sd">        If `rename` is True, then invalid/duplicate names are replaced</span>
+<span class="sd">        with `_` and their position starting at zero.  For example `title,</span>
+<span class="sd">        total, title, continue` would become `title, total, _2, _3`.  If</span>
+<span class="sd">        `rename` is False then problem column names will result in</span>
+<span class="sd">        :exc:`TypeError` raised by :func:`dataclasses.make_dataclass`</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    :param dataclass_kwargs: Additional parameters when creating the dataclass</span>
+<span class="sd">       as described in :func:`dataclasses.dataclass`.  For example you may</span>
+<span class="sd">       want `frozen = True` to make the dataclass read-only, or `slots = True`</span>
+<span class="sd">       to reduce memory consumption.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rename</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dataclass_kwargs</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Dict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Any</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dataclass_kwargs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dataclass_kwargs</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">rename</span>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="DataClassRowFactory.get_dataclass"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.get_dataclass">[docs]</a>    <span class="nd">@functools</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lru_cache</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_dataclass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">description</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Tuple</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Tuple</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="o">...</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">Tuple</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Any</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Tuple</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">...</span><span class="p">]]:</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Returns dataclass and tuple of (potentially renamed) column names</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        The dataclass is what is returned for each row with that</span>
+<span class="sd">        :meth:`description &lt;apsw.Cursor.getdescription&gt;`</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        This method caches it results.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="n">names</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">description</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rename</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">new_names</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">List</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">names</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isidentifier</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">_iskeyword</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">new_names</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">new_names</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">new_names</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;_</span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">names</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">new_names</span>
+        <span class="n">types</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">description</span><span class="p">]</span>
+
+        <span class="n">kwargs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dataclass_kwargs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">copy</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="s2">&quot;namespace&quot;</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;namespace&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
+        <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;namespace&quot;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s2">&quot;__description__&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">description</span>
+
+        <span class="c1"># some magic to make the reported classnames different</span>
+        <span class="n">suffix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;.</span><span class="si">%06X</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="nb">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">repr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">description</span><span class="p">)))[:</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">]</span>
+
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">make_dataclass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__class__</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="si">}{</span> <span class="n">suffix</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">names</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">types</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">names</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="DataClassRowFactory.get_type"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.get_type">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">Any</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Returns the `type hint &lt;https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html&gt;`__ to use in the dataclass based on the type in the :meth:`description &lt;apsw.Cursor.getdescription&gt;`</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        `SQLite&#39;s affinity rules  &lt;https://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html#affname&gt;`__ are followed.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        The values have no effect on how your program runs, but can be used by tools like</span>
+<span class="sd">        mypy.  Column information like whether `null` is allowed is not present, so</span>
+<span class="sd">        this is just a hint.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Any</span>
+        <span class="c1"># From 3.1 https://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html</span>
+        <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">upper</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="s2">&quot;INT&quot;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">int</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="s2">&quot;CHAR&quot;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="s2">&quot;CLOB&quot;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="s2">&quot;TEXT&quot;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">str</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="s2">&quot;BLOB&quot;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">bytes</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="s2">&quot;REAL&quot;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="s2">&quot;FLOA&quot;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="s2">&quot;DOUB&quot;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">float</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Union</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="DataClassRowFactory.__call__"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.__call__">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__call__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Cursor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValues</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">Any</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;What the row tracer calls</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        This :meth:`looks up &lt;get_dataclass&gt;` the dataclass and column</span>
+<span class="sd">        names, and then returns an instance of the dataclass.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="n">dc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">column_names</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_dataclass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getdescription</span><span class="p">())</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">dc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">column_names</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)))</span></div></div>
+
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="SQLiteTypeAdapter"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">SQLiteTypeAdapter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ABC</span><span class="p">):</span>
+    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;A metaclass to indicate conversion to SQLite types is supported</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    This is one way to indicate your type supports conversion to a</span>
+<span class="sd">    value supported by SQLite.  You can either inherit from this class,</span>
+<span class="sd">    or call the register method::</span>
+
+<span class="sd">       apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter.register(YourClassHere)</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    Doing either is entirely sufficient and there is no need to</span>
+<span class="sd">    register with :class:`TypesConverterCursorFactory`</span>
+<span class="sd">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="SQLiteTypeAdapter.to_sqlite_value"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter.to_sqlite_value">[docs]</a>    <span class="nd">@abc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abstractmethod</span>
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">to_sqlite_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValue</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Return a SQLite compatible value for this object&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">NotImplementedError</span></div></div>
+
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="TypesConverterCursorFactory"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">TypesConverterCursorFactory</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Provides cursors that can convert objects into one of the types supported by SQLite. or back from SQLite</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    :param metaclass: Which metaclass to consider as conversion capable</span>
+<span class="sd">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">abstract_base_class</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">abc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ABCMeta</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">SQLiteTypeAdapter</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abstract_base_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">abstract_base_class</span>
+        <span class="c1"># to sqlite value</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">adapters</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Dict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Callable</span><span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">Any</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValue</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
+        <span class="c1"># from sqlite value</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">converters</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Dict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Callable</span><span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValue</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">Any</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_adapter"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_adapter">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">register_adapter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">klass</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">callable</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Callable</span><span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">Any</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValue</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Registers a callable that converts from `klass` to one of the supported SQLite types&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">adapters</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">klass</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">callable</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_converter"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_converter">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">register_converter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">callable</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Callable</span><span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValue</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">Any</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Registers a callable that converts from a SQLite value&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">converters</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">callable</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="TypesConverterCursorFactory.__call__"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.__call__">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__call__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">TypeConverterCursor</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Returns a new :class:`cursor &lt;apsw.Cursor&gt;` for the `connection`&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">TypesConverterCursorFactory</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TypeConverterCursor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="TypesConverterCursorFactory.adapt_value"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.adapt_value">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">adapt_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Any</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValue</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Returns SQLite representation of `value`&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">bytes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NoneType</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">)):</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">value</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abstract_base_class</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">to_sqlite_value</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="n">adapter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">adapters</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">adapter</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">TypeError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;No adapter registered for type </span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">adapter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="TypesConverterCursorFactory.convert_value"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.convert_value">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">convert_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">schematype</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValue</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">Any</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Returns Python object from schema type and SQLite value&quot;</span>
+        <span class="n">converter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">converters</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">schematype</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">converter</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">value</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">converter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_bindings"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_bindings">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">wrap_bindings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Bindings</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Bindings</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Wraps bindings that are supplied to underlying execute&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">bindings</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">collections</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Mapping</span><span class="p">)):</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">TypesConverterCursorFactory</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DictAdapter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="c1"># turn into a list since PySequence_Fast does that anyway</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">adapt_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">]</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_sequence_bindings"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_sequence_bindings">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">wrap_sequence_bindings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sequenceofbindings</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Sequence</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Bindings</span><span class="p">]):</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">binding</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">sequenceofbindings</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">yield</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">wrap_bindings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">binding</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="TypesConverterCursorFactory.DictAdapter"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.DictAdapter">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">DictAdapter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">collections</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Mapping</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Used to wrap dictionaries supplied as bindings&quot;</span>
+
+        <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">factory</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TypesConverterCursorFactory</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">collections</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Mapping</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValue</span><span class="p">]):</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">data</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">factory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">factory</span>
+
+        <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__getitem__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValue</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">factory</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">adapt_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">])</span>
+
+        <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__iter__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="s2">&quot;Required by mapping, but not used&quot;</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">NotImplementedError</span>
+
+        <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__len__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="s2">&quot;Required by mapping, but not used&quot;</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">NotImplementedError</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">TypeConverterCursor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Cursor</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Cursor used to do conversions&quot;</span>
+
+        <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">factory</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TypesConverterCursorFactory</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">factory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">factory</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rowtrace</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_rowtracer</span>
+
+        <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_rowtracer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Cursor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">values</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLiteValues</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">Tuple</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Any</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">...</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">tuple</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">factory</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">convert_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getdescription</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">values</span><span class="p">))</span>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.execute"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.execute">[docs]</a>        <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                    <span class="n">statements</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                    <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Bindings</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                    <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                    <span class="n">can_cache</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                    <span class="n">prepare_flags</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Cursor</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Executes the statements doing conversions on supplied and returned values</span>
+
+<span class="sd">            See :meth:`apsw.Cursor.execute` for parameter details&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">statements</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                   <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">factory</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">wrap_bindings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                                   <span class="n">can_cache</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">can_cache</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                   <span class="n">prepare_flags</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">prepare_flags</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.executemany"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.executemany">[docs]</a>        <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">executemany</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                        <span class="n">statements</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                        <span class="n">sequenceofbindings</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Sequence</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Bindings</span><span class="p">],</span>
+                        <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                        <span class="n">can_cache</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                        <span class="n">prepare_flags</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Cursor</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Executes the statements against each item in sequenceofbindings, doing conversions on supplied and returned values</span>
+
+<span class="sd">            See :meth:`apsw.Cursor.executemany` for parameter details&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">executemany</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">statements</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                       <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">factory</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">wrap_sequence_bindings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sequenceofbindings</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                                       <span class="n">can_cache</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">can_cache</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                       <span class="n">prepare_flags</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">prepare_flags</span><span class="p">)</span></div></div></div>
+
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="query_info"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.query_info">[docs]</a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">query_info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">,</span>
+               <span class="n">query</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span>
+               <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Bindings</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+               <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">,</span>
+               <span class="n">prepare_flags</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
+               <span class="n">actions</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
+               <span class="n">expanded_sql</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
+               <span class="n">explain</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
+               <span class="n">explain_query_plan</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">QueryDetails</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Returns information about the query, but does not run it.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    Set the various parameters to `True` if you also want the</span>
+<span class="sd">    actions, expanded_sql, explain, query_plan etc filled in.</span>
+<span class="sd">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Any</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;actions&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;query_plan&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;explain&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">}</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">tracer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Cursor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">first_query</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Bindings</span><span class="p">]):</span>
+        <span class="k">nonlocal</span> <span class="n">res</span>
+        <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">({</span>
+            <span class="s2">&quot;first_query&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">first_query</span><span class="p">,</span>
+            <span class="s2">&quot;query&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">query</span><span class="p">,</span>
+            <span class="s2">&quot;bindings&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">,</span>
+            <span class="s2">&quot;is_explain&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_explain</span><span class="p">,</span>
+            <span class="s2">&quot;is_readonly&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_readonly</span><span class="p">,</span>
+            <span class="s2">&quot;description&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getdescription</span><span class="p">(),</span>
+            <span class="s2">&quot;description_full&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="p">})</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">hasattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;description_full&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;description_full&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">description_full</span>
+
+        <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">query</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">first_query</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">query</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">first_query</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;query_remaining&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">query</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">first_query</span><span class="p">):]</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">first_query</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+        <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;expanded_sql&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">expanded_sql</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">expanded_sql</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+
+    <span class="n">actions_taken</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">auther</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">third</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fourth</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dbname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">trigview</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;action&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">code</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;action_name&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mapping_authorizer_function</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="p">]}</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">dbname</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;database_name&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dbname</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">trigview</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;trigger_or_view&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">trigview</span>
+
+        <span class="c1"># this block corresponds to the table at https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">op</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">thirdname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fourthname</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;index_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;index_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;trigger_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;view_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;trigger_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;view_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_DELETE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_DROP_INDEX</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;index_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_DROP_TABLE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;index_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;trigger_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;view_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;trigger_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_DROP_VIEW</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;view_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_INSERT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_PRAGMA</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;pragma_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;pragma_value&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_READ</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;column_name&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_SELECT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_TRANSACTION</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;operation&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_UPDATE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;column_name&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_ATTACH</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;file_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_DETACH</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;database_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;database_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_REINDEX</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;index_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_ANALYZE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;module_name&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table_name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;module_name&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_FUNCTION</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;function_name&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_SAVEPOINT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;operation&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_RECURSIVE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">),</span>
+        <span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">code</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">op</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">thirdname</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">thirdname</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">third</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">fourthname</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">fourthname</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fourth</span>
+                <span class="k">break</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;Unknown authorizer code </span><span class="si">{</span> <span class="n">code</span> <span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">actions_taken</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">QueryAction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_OK</span>
+
+    <span class="n">cur</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
+    <span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exectrace</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tracer</span>
+    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">actions</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="n">orig_authorizer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">authorizer</span>
+        <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">authorizer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">auther</span>
+    <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">can_cache</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">prepare_flags</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">prepare_flags</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="k">except</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ExecTraceAbort</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="k">pass</span>
+    <span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">actions</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">authorizer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">orig_authorizer</span>
+    <span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exectrace</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">actions</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;actions&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">actions_taken</span>
+
+    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">explain</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;is_explain&quot;</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+        <span class="n">vdbe</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;EXPLAIN &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;first_query&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="n">vdbe</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                <span class="n">VDBEInstruction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getdescription</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)))</span>
+        <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;explain&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">vdbe</span>
+
+    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">explain_query_plan</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;is_explain&quot;</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+        <span class="n">subn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;sub&quot;</span>
+        <span class="n">byid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;detail&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;QUERY PLAN&quot;</span><span class="p">}}</span>
+
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;first_query&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="n">node</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getdescription</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;notused&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">3</span>  <span class="c1"># catch changes in returned format</span>
+            <span class="n">parent</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">byid</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;parent&quot;</span><span class="p">]]</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">subn</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">subn</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">subn</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">byid</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;id&quot;</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">node</span>
+
+        <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;detail&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;detail&quot;</span><span class="p">]}</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">subn</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">subn</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">QueryPlan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">child</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">child</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">subn</span><span class="p">]]</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
+
+        <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;query_plan&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">QueryPlan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">flatten</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">byid</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]))</span>
+
+    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">QueryDetails</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
+
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="QueryDetails"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryDetails">[docs]</a><span class="nd">@dataclass</span>
+<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">QueryDetails</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;A :mod:`dataclass &lt;dataclasses&gt;` that provides detailed information about a query, returned by :func:`query_info`&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">query</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;Original query provided&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Bindings</span><span class="p">]</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;Bindings provided&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">first_query</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;The first statement present in query&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">query_remaining</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;Query text after the first one if multiple were in query, else None&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">is_explain</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;:attr:`Cursor.is_explain &lt;apsw.Cursor.is_explain&gt;`&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">is_readonly</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;:attr:`Cursor.is_readonly &lt;apsw.Cursor.is_readonly&gt;`&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">description</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Tuple</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Tuple</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="o">...</span><span class="p">]</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;:meth:`Cursor.getdescription &lt;apsw.Cursor.getdescription&gt;`&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">description_full</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Tuple</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Tuple</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="o">...</span><span class="p">]]</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;:attr:`Cursor.description_full &lt;apsw.Cursor.description_full&gt;`&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">expanded_sql</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;:attr:`Cursor.expanded_sql &lt;apsw.Cursor.expanded_sql&gt;`&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">actions</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">QueryAction</span><span class="p">]]</span>
+    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;A list of the actions taken by the query, as discovered via</span>
+<span class="sd">    :attr:`Connection.authorizer &lt;apsw.Connection.authorizer&gt;`&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">explain</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">VDBEInstruction</span><span class="p">]]</span>
+    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;A list of instructions of the `internal code &lt;https://sqlite.org/opcode.html&gt;`__</span>
+<span class="sd">    used by SQLite to execute the query&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">query_plan</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">QueryPlan</span><span class="p">]</span>
+    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;The steps taken against tables and indices `described here &lt;https://sqlite.org/eqp.html&gt;`__&quot;&quot;&quot;</span></div>
+
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="QueryAction"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryAction">[docs]</a><span class="nd">@dataclass</span>
+<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">QueryAction</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;A :mod:`dataclass &lt;dataclasses&gt;` that provides information about one action taken by a query</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    Depending on the action, only a subset of the fields will have non-None values&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">action</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span>
+    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;`Authorizer code &lt;https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html&gt;`__ (also present</span>
+<span class="sd">    in :attr:`apsw.mapping_authorizer_function`)&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">action_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span>
+    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;The string corresponding to the action.  For example `action` could be `21` in which</span>
+<span class="sd">    case `action_name` will be `SQLITE_SELECT`&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+
+    <span class="n">column_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="n">database_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;eg `main`, `temp`, the name in `ATTACH &lt;https://sqlite.org/lang_attach.html&gt;`__&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">file_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="n">function_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="n">module_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="n">operation</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="n">pragma_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="n">pragma_value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="n">table_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="n">trigger_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="n">trigger_or_view</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;This action is happening due to a trigger or view, and not</span>
+<span class="sd">    directly expressed in the query itself&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">view_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span></div>
+
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="QueryPlan"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.QueryPlan">[docs]</a><span class="nd">@dataclass</span>
+<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">QueryPlan</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;A :mod:`dataclass &lt;dataclasses&gt;` for one step of a query plan&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">detail</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;Description of this step&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">sub</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">QueryPlan</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;Steps that run within this one&quot;</span></div>
+
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="VDBEInstruction"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../ext.html#apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction">[docs]</a><span class="nd">@dataclass</span>
+<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">VDBEInstruction</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;A :mod:`dataclass &lt;dataclasses&gt;` representing one instruction and its parameters&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">addr</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;Address of this opcode.  It will be the target of goto, loops etc&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">opcode</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;The instruction&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;Additional human readable information&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">p1</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;First opcode parameter&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">p2</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;Second opcode parameter&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">p3</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;Third opcode parameter&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">p4</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;Fourth opcode parameter&quot;</span>
+    <span class="n">p5</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+    <span class="s2">&quot;Fifth opcode parameter&quot;</span></div>
+</pre></div>
+
+            <div class="clearer"></div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
+        <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
+<div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search">
+  <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>
+    <div class="searchformwrapper">
+    <form class="search" action="../../search.html" method="get">
+      <input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"/>
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+</div>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
+        </div>
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+    </div>
+    <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
+      <h3>Navigation</h3>
+      <ul>
+        <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
+          <a href="../../genindex.html" title="General Index"
+             >index</a></li>
+        <li class="right" >
+          <a href="../../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
+             >modules</a> |</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="../../index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+          <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="../index.html" >Module code</a> &#187;</li>
+          <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="../apsw.html" >apsw</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">apsw.ext</a></li> 
+      </ul>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
+        &#169; <a href="../../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
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diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_modules/apsw/shell.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_modules/apsw/shell.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_modules/apsw/shell.html	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_modules/apsw/shell.html	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,3115 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+    <title>apsw.shell &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../_static/pygments.css" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../_static/classic.css" />
+    
+    <script data-url_root="../../" id="documentation_options" src="../../_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
+    <script src="../../_static/jquery.js"></script>
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+    <script src="../../_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
+    
+    <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../../genindex.html" />
+    <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../../search.html" />
+    <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../../copyright.html" />
+ 
+<script type="text/javascript">
+  var _gaq = _gaq || [];
+  _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-26815066-1']);
+  _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
+</script>
+
+  </head><body>
+    <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
+      <h3>Navigation</h3>
+      <ul>
+        <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
+          <a href="../../genindex.html" title="General Index"
+             accesskey="I">index</a></li>
+        <li class="right" >
+          <a href="../../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
+             >modules</a> |</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="../../index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+          <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="../index.html" >Module code</a> &#187;</li>
+          <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="../apsw.html" accesskey="U">apsw</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">apsw.shell</a></li> 
+      </ul>
+    </div>  
+
+    <div class="document">
+      <div class="documentwrapper">
+        <div class="bodywrapper">
+          <div class="body" role="main">
+            
+  <h1>Source code for apsw.shell</h1><div class="highlight"><pre>
+<span></span><span class="ch">#!/usr/bin/env python3</span>
+
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">apsw</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">shlex</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">csv</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">re</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">textwrap</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">time</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">codecs</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">base64</span>
+
+<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">typing</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">TextIO</span>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell">[docs]</a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Shell</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Implements a SQLite shell</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    :param stdin: Where to read input from (default sys.stdin)</span>
+<span class="sd">    :param stdout: Where to send output (default sys.stdout)</span>
+<span class="sd">    :param stderr: Where to send errors (default sys.stderr)</span>
+<span class="sd">    :param encoding: Default encoding for files opened/created by the</span>
+<span class="sd">      Shell.  If you want stdin/out/err to use a particular encoding</span>
+<span class="sd">      then you need to provide them `already configured &lt;http://docs.python.org/library/codecs.html#codecs.open&gt;`__ that way.</span>
+<span class="sd">    :param args: This should be program arguments only (ie if</span>
+<span class="sd">      passing in sys.argv do not include sys.argv[0] which is the</span>
+<span class="sd">      program name.  You can also pass in None and then call</span>
+<span class="sd">      :meth:`process_args` if you want to catch any errors</span>
+<span class="sd">      in handling the arguments yourself.</span>
+<span class="sd">    :param db: A existing :class:`~apsw.Connection` you wish to use</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    The commands and behaviour are modelled after the `interactive</span>
+<span class="sd">    shell &lt;https://sqlite.org/sqlite.html&gt;`__ that is part of</span>
+<span class="sd">    SQLite.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    You can inherit from this class to embed in your own code and user</span>
+<span class="sd">    interface.  Internally everything is handled as unicode.</span>
+<span class="sd">    Conversions only happen at the point of input or output which you</span>
+<span class="sd">    can override in your own code.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    Errors and diagnostics are only ever sent to error output</span>
+<span class="sd">    (self.stderr) and never to the regular output (self.stdout).  This</span>
+<span class="sd">    means using shell output is always easy and consistent.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    Shell commands begin with a dot (eg .help).  They are implemented</span>
+<span class="sd">    as a method named after the command (eg command_help).  The method</span>
+<span class="sd">    is passed one parameter which is the list of arguments to the</span>
+<span class="sd">    command.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    Output modes are implemented by functions named after the mode (eg</span>
+<span class="sd">    output_column).</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    When you request help the help information is automatically</span>
+<span class="sd">    generated from the docstrings for the command and output</span>
+<span class="sd">    functions.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    You should not use a Shell object concurrently from multiple</span>
+<span class="sd">    threads.  It is one huge set of state information which would</span>
+<span class="sd">    become inconsistent if used simultaneously, and then give baffling</span>
+<span class="sd">    errors.  It is safe to call methods one at a time from different</span>
+<span class="sd">    threads.  ie it doesn&#39;t care what thread calls methods as long as</span>
+<span class="sd">    you don&#39;t call more than one concurrently.</span>
+<span class="sd">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.Error"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.Error">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ne">Exception</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Class raised on errors.  The expectation is that the error</span>
+<span class="sd">        will be displayed by the shell as text so there are no</span>
+<span class="sd">        specific subclasses as the distinctions between different</span>
+<span class="sd">        types of errors doesn&#39;t matter.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">pass</span></div>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TextIO</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stdout</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stderr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">encoding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;utf8&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Create instance, set defaults and do argument processing.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="c1"># The parameter doc has to be in main class doc as sphinx</span>
+        <span class="c1"># ignores any described here</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exceptions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">history_file</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;~/.sqlite_history&quot;</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dbfilename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filename</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">prompt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;sqlite&gt; &quot;</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">moreprompt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;    ..&gt; &quot;</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">separator</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;|&quot;</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bail</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">echo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nullvalue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output_list</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_table</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_sql_identifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;table&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">widths</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+        <span class="c1"># do we truncate output in list mode?  (explain doesn&#39;t, regular does)</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">truncate</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+        <span class="c1"># a stack of previous outputs. turning on explain saves previous, off restores</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_stack</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+
+        <span class="c1"># other stuff</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_encoding</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">stdin</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">stdin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">stdout</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">stdout</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">stderr</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">stderr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">stdin</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">stdout</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_original_stdout</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">stdout</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">stderr</span>
+        <span class="c1"># we don&#39;t become interactive until the command line args are</span>
+        <span class="c1"># successfully parsed and acted upon</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interactive</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+        <span class="c1"># current colouring object</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">command_colour</span><span class="p">()</span>  <span class="c1"># set to default</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_using_readline</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_input_stack</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">input_line_number</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">push_input</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">push_output</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_input_descriptions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_input_descriptions</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_input_descriptions</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Processing command line arguments&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">handle_exception</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                <span class="k">raise</span>
+
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interactive</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interactive</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;isatty&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isatty</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;isatty&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isatty</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_ensure_db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;The database isn&#39;t opened until first use.  This function ensures it is now open.&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_db</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dbfilename</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dbfilename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;:memory:&quot;</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dbfilename</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                       <span class="n">flags</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_OPEN_URI</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE</span>
+                                       <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_db</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_set_db</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">newv</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Sets the open database (or None) and filename&quot;</span>
+        <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dbfilename</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">newv</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_db</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">db</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dbfilename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dbfilename</span>
+
+    <span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">property</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_ensure_db</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_set_db</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;The current :class:`~apsw.Connection`&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.process_args"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.process_args">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">process_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Process command line options specified in args.  It is safe to</span>
+<span class="sd">        call this multiple times.  We try to be compatible with SQLite shell</span>
+<span class="sd">        argument parsing.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        :param args: A list of string options.  Do not include the</span>
+<span class="sd">           program as args[0]</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        :returns: A tuple of (databasefilename, initfiles,</span>
+<span class="sd">           sqlncommands).  This is provided for informational purposes</span>
+<span class="sd">           only - they have already been acted upon.  An example use</span>
+<span class="sd">           is that the SQLite shell does not enter the main interactive</span>
+<span class="sd">           loop if any sql/commands were provided.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        The first non-option is the database file name.  Each</span>
+<span class="sd">        remaining non-option is treated as a complete input (ie it</span>
+<span class="sd">        isn&#39;t joined with others looking for a trailing semi-colon).</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        The SQLite shell uses single dash in front of options.  We</span>
+<span class="sd">        allow both single and double dashes.  When an unrecognized</span>
+<span class="sd">        argument is encountered then</span>
+<span class="sd">        :meth:`process_unknown_args` is called.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="c1"># we don&#39;t use optparse as we need to use single dashes for</span>
+        <span class="c1"># options - all hand parsed</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[],</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+
+        <span class="c1"># are options still valid?</span>
+        <span class="n">options</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+        <span class="c1"># have we seen the database name?</span>
+        <span class="n">havedbname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+        <span class="c1"># List of init files to read</span>
+        <span class="n">inits</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+        <span class="c1"># List of sql/dot commands</span>
+        <span class="n">sqls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+
+        <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">options</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;-&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="n">options</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">havedbname</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># grab new database</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                    <span class="n">havedbname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">sqls</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
+                <span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span>
+                <span class="k">continue</span>
+
+            <span class="c1"># remove initial single or double dash</span>
+            <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;-&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span>
+
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;init&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;You need to specify a filename after -init&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="n">inits</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
+                <span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:]</span>
+                <span class="k">continue</span>
+
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;header&quot;</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;noheader&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;header&quot;</span>
+                <span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span>
+                <span class="k">continue</span>
+
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;echo&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;bail&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;interactive&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="nb">setattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span>
+                <span class="k">continue</span>
+
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;batch&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interactive</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+                <span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span>
+                <span class="k">continue</span>
+
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;separator&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;nullvalue&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;encoding&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;You need to specify a value after -&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
+                <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;command_&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])([</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]])</span>
+                <span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:]</span>
+                <span class="k">continue</span>
+
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;version&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sqlitelibversion</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="c1"># A pretty gnarly thing to do</span>
+                <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;help&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">usage</span><span class="p">())</span>
+                <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;no-colour&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;no-color&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;nocolour&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;nocolor&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour_scheme</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;off&quot;</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_out_colour</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                <span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span>
+                <span class="k">continue</span>
+
+            <span class="c1"># only remaining known args are output modes</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;output_&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">command_mode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
+                <span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span>
+                <span class="k">continue</span>
+
+            <span class="n">newargs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_unknown_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">newargs</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Unrecognized argument &#39;&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&#39;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">newargs</span>
+
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">inits</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">command_read</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">])</span>
+
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">sqls</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_complete_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dbfilename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">inits</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sqls</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.process_unknown_args"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.process_unknown_args">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">process_unknown_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;This is called when :meth:`process_args` encounters an</span>
+<span class="sd">        argument it doesn&#39;t understand.  Override this method if you</span>
+<span class="sd">        want to be able to understand additional command line arguments.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        :param args: A list of the remaining arguments.  The initial one will</span>
+<span class="sd">           have had the leading dashes removed (eg if it was --foo on the command</span>
+<span class="sd">           line then args[0] will be &quot;foo&quot;</span>
+<span class="sd">        :returns: None if you don&#39;t recognize the argument either.  Otherwise</span>
+<span class="sd">           return the list of remaining arguments after you have processed</span>
+<span class="sd">           yours.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">None</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.usage"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.usage">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">usage</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Returns the usage message.  Make sure it is newline terminated&quot;</span>
+
+        <span class="n">msg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+<span class="s2">Usage: program [OPTIONS] FILENAME [SQL|CMD] [SQL|CMD]...</span>
+<span class="s2">FILENAME is the name of a SQLite database. A new database is</span>
+<span class="s2">created if the file does not exist.</span>
+<span class="s2">OPTIONS include:</span>
+<span class="s2">   -init filename       read/process named file</span>
+<span class="s2">   -echo                print commands before execution</span>
+<span class="s2">   -[no]header          turn headers on or off</span>
+<span class="s2">   -bail                stop after hitting an error</span>
+<span class="s2">   -interactive         force interactive I/O</span>
+<span class="s2">   -batch               force batch I/O</span>
+<span class="s2">   -column              set output mode to &#39;column&#39;</span>
+<span class="s2">   -csv                 set output mode to &#39;csv&#39;</span>
+<span class="s2">   -html                set output mode to &#39;html&#39;</span>
+<span class="s2">   -line                set output mode to &#39;line&#39;</span>
+<span class="s2">   -list                set output mode to &#39;list&#39;</span>
+<span class="s2">   -python              set output mode to &#39;python&#39;</span>
+<span class="s2">   -separator &#39;x&#39;       set output field separator (|)</span>
+<span class="s2">   -nullvalue &#39;text&#39;    set text string for NULL values</span>
+<span class="s2">   -version             show SQLite version</span>
+<span class="s2">   -encoding &#39;name&#39;     the encoding to use for files</span>
+<span class="s2">                        opened via .import, .read &amp; .output</span>
+<span class="s2">   -nocolour            disables colour output to screen</span>
+<span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">msg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lstrip</span><span class="p">()</span></div>
+
+    <span class="c1">###</span>
+    <span class="c1">### Value formatting routines.  They take a value and return a</span>
+    <span class="c1">### text formatting of them.  Mostly used by the various output&#39;s</span>
+    <span class="c1">### but also by random other pieces of code.</span>
+    <span class="c1">###</span>
+
+    <span class="n">_binary_type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">bytes</span>
+    <span class="n">_basestring</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span>
+
+    <span class="c1"># bytes that are ok in C strings - no need for quoting</span>
+    <span class="n">_printable</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
+        <span class="nb">ord</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="s2">&quot;ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789~!@#$%^&amp;*()`_-+=</span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2">[]:;,.&lt;&gt;/?|&quot;</span>
+    <span class="p">]</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_fmt_c_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Format as a C string including surrounding double quotes&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_basestring</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="n">op</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\\\</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\r</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">r&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">n&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">t&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="nb">ord</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_printable</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">op</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&quot;&#39;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nullvalue</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&quot;&#39;</span>
+        <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_binary_type</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="n">o</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">x</span>
+            <span class="n">fromc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">chr</span>
+            <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">o</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_printable</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fromc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">))</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">x</span><span class="si">%02X</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">o</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+            <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="c1"># number of some kind</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">&quot;&#39;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_fmt_html_col</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Format as HTML (mainly escaping &amp;/&lt;/&gt;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_text_col</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span>\
+           <span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&amp;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&amp;amp;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span> \
+           <span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&amp;gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span> \
+           <span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&amp;lt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span> \
+           <span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&#39;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&amp;apos;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span> \
+           <span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&amp;quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_fmt_json_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Format a value.&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_basestring</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="c1"># we assume utf8 so only some characters need to be escaed</span>
+            <span class="n">op</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\\\</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\r</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">r&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">n&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">t&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="c1"># yes you have to escape forward slash for some reason</span>
+                    <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">/&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">b&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">b&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">f&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">f&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># It isn&#39;t clear when \u sequences *must* be used.</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># Assuming not needed due to utf8 output which</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># corresponds to what rfc4627 implies.</span>
+                    <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">op</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">&#39;null&#39;</span>
+        <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_binary_type</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="n">o</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">base64</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encodebytes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">decode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;ascii&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">o</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">o</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">o</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&quot;&#39;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">o</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&quot;&#39;</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="c1"># number of some kind</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_fmt_python</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Format as python literal&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;None&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_basestring</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">repr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_binary_type</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;b&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_printable</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">chr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">))</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">x</span><span class="si">%02X</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+            <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_fmt_sql_identifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Return the identifier quoted in SQL syntax if needed (eg table and column names)&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>  <span class="c1"># yes sqlite does allow zero length identifiers</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&quot;&quot;&#39;</span>
+        <span class="n">nonalnum</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sub</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;[A-Za-z_0-9]+&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nonalnum</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">upper</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_sqlite_reserved</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="c1"># Ok providing it doesn&#39;t start with a digit</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="s2">&quot;0123456789&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">v</span>
+        <span class="c1"># double quote it unless there are any double quotes in it</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&quot;&#39;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">nonalnum</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;[</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">]&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">&quot;&#39;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_fmt_text_col</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Regular text formatting&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nullvalue</span>
+        <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_basestring</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">v</span>
+        <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_binary_type</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="c1"># sqlite gives back raw bytes!</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;Binary data&gt;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="c1">###</span>
+    <span class="c1">### The various output routines.  They are always called with the</span>
+    <span class="c1">### header irrespective of the setting allowing for some per query</span>
+    <span class="c1">### setup. (see output_column for example).  The doc strings are</span>
+    <span class="c1">### used to generate help.</span>
+    <span class="c1">###</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">output_column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+<span class="sd">        Items left aligned in space padded columns.  They are</span>
+<span class="sd">        truncated if they do not fit. If the width hasn&#39;t been</span>
+<span class="sd">        specified for a column then 10 is used unless the column name</span>
+<span class="sd">        (header) is longer in which case that width is used.  Use the</span>
+<span class="sd">        .width command to change column sizes.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="c1"># as an optimization we calculate self._actualwidths which is</span>
+        <span class="c1"># reset for each query</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">:</span>
+
+            <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">gw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">widths</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">widths</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">widths</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                <span class="c1"># if width is not present or 0 then autosize</span>
+                <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_text_col</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">])</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+            <span class="n">widths</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">gw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">))]</span>
+
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">truncate</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_actualwidths</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;%&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;-</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">.</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">s&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">.</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">s&quot;</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">w</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">widths</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_actualwidths</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;%&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;-</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">s&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">s&quot;</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">w</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">widths</span><span class="p">]</span>
+
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="c1"># output the headers</span>
+                <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span>
+                <span class="n">cols</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
+                    <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_actualwidths</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_text_col</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]),</span> <span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header_</span>
+                    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">))</span>
+                <span class="p">]</span>
+                <span class="c1"># sqlite shell uses two spaces between columns</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;  &quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_colours</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;off&quot;</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output_column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;-&quot;</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">widths</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">widths</span><span class="p">))])</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span>
+        <span class="n">cols</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_actualwidths</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_text_col</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]),</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="c1"># sqlite shell uses two spaces between columns</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;  &quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="n">output_columns</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">output_column</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">output_csv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+<span class="sd">        Items in csv format (comma separated).  Use tabs mode for tab</span>
+<span class="sd">        separated.  You can use the .separator command to use a</span>
+<span class="sd">        different one after switching mode.  A separator of comma uses</span>
+<span class="sd">        double quotes for quoting while other separators do not do any</span>
+<span class="sd">        quoting.  The Python csv library used for this only supports</span>
+<span class="sd">        single character separators.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+
+        <span class="c1"># we use self._csv for the work, setup when header is</span>
+        <span class="c1"># supplied. _csv is a tuple of a StringIO and the csv.writer</span>
+        <span class="c1"># instance.</span>
+
+        <span class="n">fixdata</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">x</span>
+
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">io</span>
+            <span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">io</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StringIO</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="n">kwargs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">separator</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;,&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;dialect&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;excel&quot;</span>
+            <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">separator</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;dialect&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;excel-tab&quot;</span>
+            <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;quoting&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QUOTE_NONE</span>
+                <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;delimiter&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fixdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">separator</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;doublequote&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+                <span class="c1"># csv module is bug ridden junk - I already say no</span>
+                <span class="c1"># quoting so it still looks for the quotechar and then</span>
+                <span class="c1"># gets upset that it can&#39;t be quoted.  Which bit of no</span>
+                <span class="c1"># quoting was ambiguous?</span>
+                <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;quotechar&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\x00</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
+
+            <span class="n">writer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">writer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_csv</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">writer</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output_csv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span>
+
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">header</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span>
+            <span class="n">line</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">fixdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_text_col</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header_</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fixdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_text_col</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)))</span>
+            <span class="n">line</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_csv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">writerow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_csv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getvalue</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="c1"># csv lib always does DOS eol</span>
+        <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">endswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\r\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="c1"># should not be other eol irregularities</span>
+        <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">endswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\r</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">endswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_csv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">truncate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_csv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">output_html</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;HTML table style&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span>
+            <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_html_col</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header_</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_html_col</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="n">line</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;TR&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;TD&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;TH&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="n">header</span><span class="p">])</span>
+            <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;/TD&gt;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;/TH&gt;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="n">header</span><span class="p">])</span>
+        <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;/TR&gt;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">))</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">output_insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+<span class="sd">        Lines as SQL insert statements.  The table name is &quot;table&quot;</span>
+<span class="sd">        unless you specified a different one as the second parameter</span>
+<span class="sd">        to the .mode command.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span>
+        <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format_sql_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;INSERT INTO &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_table</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot; VALUES(&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;,&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;);</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">output_json</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+<span class="sd">        Each line as a JSON object with a trailing comma.  Blobs are</span>
+<span class="sd">        output as base64 encoded strings.  You should be using UTF8</span>
+<span class="sd">        output encoding.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_json_cols</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">line</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span>
+        <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_json_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">: </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_json_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]))</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_json_cols</span><span class="p">)]</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;{ &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;},</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">output_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+<span class="sd">        One value per line in the form &#39;column = value&#39; with a blank</span>
+<span class="sd">        line between rows.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_line_info</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span>
+        <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_text_col</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_line_info</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">)):</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%*s</span><span class="s2"> = </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_line_info</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])))</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="n">output_lines</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">output_line</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">output_list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;All items on one line with separator&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span>
+            <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span>
+            <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header_</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_text_col</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">separator</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">output_python</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Tuples in Python source form for each row&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span>
+            <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span>
+            <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_python</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header_</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_python</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;(&#39;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;),</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">output_tcl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Outputs TCL/C style strings using current separator&quot;</span>
+        <span class="c1"># In theory you could paste the output into your source ...</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span>
+            <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span>
+            <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_c_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header_</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_c_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">separator</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_output_summary</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="c1"># internal routine to output a summary line or two</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">summary</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">summary</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">summary_</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="c1">###</span>
+    <span class="c1">### Various routines</span>
+    <span class="c1">###</span>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.cmdloop"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.cmdloop">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">cmdloop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">intro</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Runs the main interactive command loop.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        :param intro: Initial text banner to display instead of the</span>
+<span class="sd">           default.  Make sure you newline terminate it.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">intro</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">intro</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+<span class="s2">SQLite version </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> (APSW </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">)</span>
+<span class="s2">Enter &quot;.help&quot; for instructions</span>
+<span class="s2">Enter SQL statements terminated with a &quot;;&quot;</span>
+<span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sqlitelibversion</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">apswversion</span><span class="p">())</span>
+            <span class="n">intro</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">intro</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lstrip</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interactive</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">intro</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">intro</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">intro</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">intro_</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+        <span class="n">using_readline</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interactive</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">readline</span>
+                <span class="n">old_completer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_completer</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                <span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_completer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">complete</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_and_bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;tab: complete&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="n">using_readline</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+                <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read_history_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">expanduser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">history_file</span><span class="p">))</span>
+                <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># We only expect IOError here but if the history</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># file does not exist and this code has been</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># compiled into the module it is possible to get</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># an IOError that doesn&#39;t match the IOError from</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># Python parse time resulting in an IOError</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># exception being raised.  Consequently we just</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># catch all exceptions.</span>
+                    <span class="k">pass</span>
+        <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">ImportError</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">pass</span>
+
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">while</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_input_descriptions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">using_readline</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># we drop completion cache because it contains</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># table and column names which could have changed</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># with last executed SQL</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_completion_cache</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_using_readline</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+                <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">command</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getcompleteline</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">command</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="c1"># EOF</span>
+                        <span class="k">return</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_complete_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">command</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_append_input_description</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                    <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">handle_exception</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                    <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">UnicodeDecodeError</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">handle_exception</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">using_readline</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_completer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">old_completer</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_history_length</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write_history_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">expanduser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">history_file</span><span class="p">))</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.handle_exception"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.handle_exception">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_exception</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Handles the current exception, printing a message to stderr as appropriate.</span>
+<span class="sd">        It will reraise the exception if necessary (eg if bail is true)&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="n">eclass</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">eval</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">etb</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exc_info</span><span class="p">()</span>  <span class="c1"># py2&amp;3 compatible way of doing this</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">eval</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ne">SystemExit</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="nb">eval</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_handle_exception_saw_this</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span>
+
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_out_colour</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">error</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">eval</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ne">KeyboardInterrupt</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">handle_interrupt</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Interrupted&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">eval</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">endswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
+
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_input_descriptions</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_input_descriptions</span><span class="p">)):</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">pref</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;At &quot;</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">pref</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;From &quot;</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pref</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_input_descriptions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exceptions</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">stack</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+            <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">etb</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">etb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tb_frame</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="n">etb</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">etb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tb_next</span>
+
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">frame</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                    <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">Frame </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> in </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> at line </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">frame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">f_code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">co_name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">frame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">f_code</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">co_filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">frame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">f_lineno</span><span class="p">))</span>
+                <span class="nb">vars</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">frame</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">f_locals</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">())</span>
+                <span class="nb">vars</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">vars</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">repr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)[:</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                    <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;Unable to convert to string&gt;&quot;</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%10s</span><span class="s2"> = </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">))</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">: </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">eclass</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">repr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">eval</span><span class="p">)))</span>
+
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">error_</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+        <span class="nb">eval</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_handle_exception_saw_this</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bail</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.process_sql"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.process_sql">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">process_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">internal</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">summary</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Processes SQL text consisting of one or more statements</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        :param sql: SQL to execute</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        :param bindings: bindings for the *sql*</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        :param internal: If True then this is an internal execution</span>
+<span class="sd">          (eg the .tables or .database command).  When executing</span>
+<span class="sd">          internal sql timings are not shown nor is the SQL echoed.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        :param summary: If not None then should be a tuple of two</span>
+<span class="sd">          items.  If the ``sql`` returns any data then the first item</span>
+<span class="sd">          is printed before the first row, and the second item is</span>
+<span class="sd">          printed after the last row.  An example usage is the .find</span>
+<span class="sd">          command which shows table names.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="n">cur</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="c1"># we need to know when each new statement is executed</span>
+        <span class="n">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">&#39;newsql&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;timing&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">}</span>
+
+        <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">et</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;newsql&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+            <span class="c1"># if time reporting, do so now</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">internal</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timer</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;timing&#39;</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">display_timing</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;timing&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_resource_usage</span><span class="p">())</span>
+            <span class="c1"># print statement if echo is on</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">internal</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">echo</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="c1"># ? should we strip leading and trailing whitespace? backslash quote stuff?</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> [</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">]</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">))</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sql</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="c1"># save resource from beginning of command (ie don&#39;t include echo time above)</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">internal</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timer</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;timing&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_resource_usage</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+
+        <span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exectrace</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">et</span>
+        <span class="c1"># processing loop</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;newsql&#39;</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># summary line?</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_summary</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># output a header always</span>
+                    <span class="n">cols</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">h</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getdescription</span><span class="p">()]</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cols</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                    <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;newsql&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;newsql&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_summary</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">summary</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
+        <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="c1"># If echo is on and the sql to execute is a syntax error</span>
+            <span class="c1"># then the exec tracer won&#39;t have seen it so it won&#39;t be</span>
+            <span class="c1"># printed and the user will be wondering exactly what sql</span>
+            <span class="c1"># had the error.  We look in the traceback and deduce if</span>
+            <span class="c1"># the error was happening in a prepare or not.</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">internal</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">echo</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">tb</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exc_info</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                <span class="n">last</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+                <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">tb</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">last</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tb_frame</span>
+                    <span class="n">tb</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tb_next</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span>
+
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">internal</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timer</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">display_timing</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;timing&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_resource_usage</span><span class="p">())</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.process_command"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.process_command">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">process_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Processes a dot command.  It is split into parts using the</span>
+<span class="sd">        `shlex.split</span>
+<span class="sd">        &lt;http://docs.python.org/library/shlex.html#shlex.split&gt;`__</span>
+<span class="sd">        function which is roughly the same method used by Unix/POSIX</span>
+<span class="sd">        shells.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">echo</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">cmd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">shlex</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;.&quot;</span>
+        <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span>
+        <span class="n">fn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;command_&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">fn</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Unknown command </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2">.  Enter </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2">.help</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2"> for help&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:])</span></div>
+
+    <span class="c1">###</span>
+    <span class="c1">### Commands start here</span>
+    <span class="c1">###</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_boolean_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Parse and verify boolean parameter&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;on&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;off&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot; expected ON or OFF&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;on&quot;</span>
+
+    <span class="c1"># Note that doc text is used for generating help output.</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_backup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;backup ?DB? FILE: Backup DB (default &quot;main&quot;) to FILE</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        Copies the contents of the current database to FILE</span>
+<span class="sd">        overwriting whatever was in FILE.  If you have attached databases</span>
+<span class="sd">        then you can specify their name instead of the default of &quot;main&quot;.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        The backup is done at the page level - SQLite copies the pages</span>
+<span class="sd">        as is.  There is no round trip through SQL code.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="n">dbname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;main&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">fname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">dbname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="n">fname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Backup takes one or two parameters&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fname</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">backup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dbname</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">while</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">done</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">step</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">finish</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_bail</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;bail ON|OFF: Stop after hitting an error (default OFF)</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        If an error is encountered while processing commands or SQL</span>
+<span class="sd">        then exit.  (Note this is different than SQLite shell which</span>
+<span class="sd">        only exits for errors in SQL.)</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bail</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_boolean_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;bail&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_colour</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[]):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;colour SCHEME: Selects a colour scheme</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        Residents of both countries that have not adopted the metric</span>
+<span class="sd">        system may also spell this command without a &#39;u&#39;.  If using a</span>
+<span class="sd">        colour terminal in interactive mode then output is</span>
+<span class="sd">        automatically coloured to make it more readable.  Use &#39;off&#39; to</span>
+<span class="sd">        turn off colour, and no name or &#39;default&#39; for the default.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Too many colour schemes&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cmd</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="s2">&quot;default&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_colours</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;No such colour scheme: &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour_scheme</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">c</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_out_colour</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+    <span class="n">command_color</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">command_colour</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_databases</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;databases: Lists names and files of attached databases</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;databases command doesn&#39;t take any parameters&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">push_output</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output_column</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">truncate</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">widths</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">58</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pragma database_list&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">internal</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop_output</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_dump</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;dump ?TABLE? [TABLE...]: Dumps all or specified tables in SQL text format</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        The table name is treated as like pattern so you can use % as</span>
+<span class="sd">        a wildcard.  You can use dump to make a text based backup of</span>
+<span class="sd">        the database.  It is also useful for comparing differences or</span>
+<span class="sd">        making the data available to other databases.  Indices and</span>
+<span class="sd">        triggers for the table(s) are also dumped.  Finally views</span>
+<span class="sd">        matching the table pattern name are dumped (it isn&#39;t possible</span>
+<span class="sd">        to work out which views access which table and views can</span>
+<span class="sd">        access multiple tables anyway).</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        Note that if you are dumping virtual tables such as used by</span>
+<span class="sd">        the FTS3 module then they may use other tables to store</span>
+<span class="sd">        information.  For example if you create a FTS3 table named</span>
+<span class="sd">        *recipes* then it also creates *recipes_content*,</span>
+<span class="sd">        *recipes_segdir* etc.  Consequently to dump this example</span>
+<span class="sd">        correctly use::</span>
+
+<span class="sd">           .dump recipes recipes_%</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        If the database is empty or no tables/views match then there</span>
+<span class="sd">        is no output.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="c1"># Simple tables are easy to dump.  More complicated is dealing</span>
+        <span class="c1"># with virtual tables, foreign keys etc.</span>
+
+        <span class="c1"># Lock the database while doing the dump so nothing changes</span>
+        <span class="c1"># under our feet</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;BEGIN IMMEDIATE&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">internal</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+        <span class="c1"># Used in comment() - see issue 142</span>
+        <span class="n">outputstrtype</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span>
+
+        <span class="c1"># Python 2.3 can end up with nonsense like &quot;en_us&quot; so we fall</span>
+        <span class="c1"># back to ascii in that case</span>
+        <span class="n">outputstrencoding</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;encoding&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;ascii&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">codecs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lookup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">outputstrencoding</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">outputstrencoding</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;ascii&quot;</span>
+
+        <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">unicodify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">outputstrtype</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="c1"># See issue 142 - it may not be in an expected encoding</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">decode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">outputstrencoding</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;replace&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">s</span>
+
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="c1"># first pass -see if virtual tables or foreign keys are in</span>
+            <span class="c1"># use.  If they are we emit pragmas to deal with them, but</span>
+            <span class="c1"># prefer not to emit them</span>
+            <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;virtuals&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;foreigns&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">}</span>
+
+            <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;sqlite_&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+                <span class="n">sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sql</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">match</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">r</span><span class="s2">&quot;^\s*create\s+virtual\s+.*&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;virtuals&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+                <span class="c1"># pragma table_info doesn&#39;t tell us if foreign keys</span>
+                <span class="c1"># are involved so we guess if any the various strings are</span>
+                <span class="c1"># in the sql somewhere</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">match</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">r</span><span class="s2">&quot;.*\b(foreign\s*key|references)\b.*&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;foreigns&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">cmd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;%&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
+
+            <span class="n">tables</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">pattern</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sql</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                        <span class="s2">&quot;SELECT name,sql FROM sqlite_master &quot;</span>
+                        <span class="s2">&quot;WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type IN (&#39;table&#39;,&#39;view&#39;) &quot;</span>
+                        <span class="s2">&quot;AND tbl_name LIKE ?1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pattern</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)):</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">tables</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="n">tables</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">tables</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span>
+
+            <span class="c1"># will we need to analyze anything later?</span>
+            <span class="n">analyze_needed</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">stat</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                    <span class="s2">&quot;select name from sqlite_master where sql not null and type=&#39;table&#39; and tbl_name like &#39;sqlite_stat%&#39;&quot;</span>
+            <span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">tables</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                            <span class="s2">&quot;select * from &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_sql_identifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stat</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot; WHERE tbl=?&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                        <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">()):</span>
+                        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">analyze_needed</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                            <span class="n">analyze_needed</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">analyze_needed</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+            <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">blank</span><span class="p">():</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+            <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">unicodify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">textwrap</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">78</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">initial_indent</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-- &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">subsequent_indent</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-- &quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+            <span class="n">pats</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;(All)&quot;</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;%&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">])</span>
+            <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;SQLite dump (by APSW </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">)&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">apswversion</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+            <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;SQLite version &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sqlitelibversion</span><span class="p">())</span>
+            <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Date: &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">unicodify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strftime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%c</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)))</span>
+            <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Tables like: &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">pats</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Database: &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">getpass</span>
+                <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">socket</span>
+                <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;User: </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> @ </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">unicodify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">getpass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getuser</span><span class="p">()),</span> <span class="n">unicodify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">socket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gethostname</span><span class="p">())))</span>
+            <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">ImportError</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">pass</span>
+            <span class="n">blank</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+            <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;The values of various per-database settings&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                       <span class="s2">&quot;PRAGMA page_size=&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pragma page_size&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;PRAGMA encoding=&#39;&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pragma encoding&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&#39;;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">vac</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;NONE&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;FULL&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;INCREMENTAL&quot;</span><span class="p">}</span>
+            <span class="n">vacvalue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pragma auto_vacuum&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;PRAGMA auto_vacuum=&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">vac</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vacvalue</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vacvalue</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;PRAGMA max_page_count=&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pragma max_page_count&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">+</span>
+                    <span class="s2">&quot;;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">blank</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+            <span class="c1"># different python versions have different requirements</span>
+            <span class="c1"># about specifying cmp to sort routine so we use this</span>
+            <span class="c1"># portable workaround with a decorated list instead</span>
+            <span class="n">dectables</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">tables</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="n">dectables</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="n">tables</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">dectables</span><span class="p">]</span>
+
+            <span class="n">virtuals</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;virtuals&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="n">foreigns</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;foreigns&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
+
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">virtuals</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;This pragma is needed to restore virtual tables&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;PRAGMA writable_schema=ON;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">foreigns</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;This pragma turns off checking of foreign keys &quot;</span>
+                        <span class="s2">&quot;as tables would be inconsistent while restoring.  It was introduced &quot;</span>
+                        <span class="s2">&quot;in SQLite 3.6.19.&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">virtuals</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">foreigns</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">blank</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;BEGIN TRANSACTION;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">blank</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+            <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">sqldef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="c1"># return formatted sql watching out for embedded</span>
+                <span class="c1"># comments at the end forcing trailing ; onto next</span>
+                <span class="c1"># line https://sqlite.org/src/info/c04a8b8a4f</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="s2">&quot;--&quot;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+                    <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
+
+            <span class="c1"># do the table dumping loops</span>
+            <span class="n">oldtable</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_table</span>
+            <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">push_output</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output_insert</span>
+                <span class="c1"># Dump the table</span>
+                <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">table</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">tables</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">sql</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE name=?1 AND type=&#39;table&#39;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                                        <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">table</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)):</span>
+                        <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Table  &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">table</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                        <span class="c1"># Special treatment for virtual tables - they</span>
+                        <span class="c1"># get called back on drops and creates and</span>
+                        <span class="c1"># could thwart us so we have to manipulate</span>
+                        <span class="c1"># sqlite_master directly</span>
+                        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">()[:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;create&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;virtual&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table&quot;</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+                            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;DELETE FROM sqlite_master WHERE name=&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format_sql_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">table</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span>
+                                <span class="s2">&quot; AND type=&#39;table&#39;;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                <span class="s2">&quot;INSERT INTO sqlite_master(type,name,tbl_name,rootpage,sql) VALUES(&#39;table&#39;,</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">,</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">,0,</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">);</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
+                                <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format_sql_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">table</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format_sql_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">table</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                                   <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format_sql_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])))</span>
+                        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_sql_identifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">table</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sqldef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]))</span>
+                            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_table</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_sql_identifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">table</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select * from &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_sql_identifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">table</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">internal</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                        <span class="c1"># Now any indices or triggers</span>
+                        <span class="n">first</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+                        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sql</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                                <span class="s2">&quot;SELECT name,sql FROM sqlite_master &quot;</span>
+                                <span class="s2">&quot;WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type IN (&#39;index&#39;, &#39;trigger&#39;) &quot;</span>
+                                <span class="s2">&quot;AND tbl_name=?1 AND name NOT LIKE &#39;sqlite_%&#39; &quot;</span>
+                                <span class="s2">&quot;ORDER BY lower(name)&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">table</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)):</span>
+                            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">first</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                                <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Triggers and indices on  &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">table</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                                <span class="n">first</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+                            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sqldef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">))</span>
+                        <span class="n">blank</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                <span class="c1"># Views done last.  They have to be done in the same order as they are in sqlite_master</span>
+                <span class="c1"># as they could refer to each other</span>
+                <span class="n">first</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+                <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sql</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;SELECT name,sql FROM sqlite_master &quot;</span>
+                                                          <span class="s2">&quot;WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type=&#39;view&#39; &quot;</span>
+                                                          <span class="s2">&quot;AND name IN ( &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span>
+                                                          <span class="s2">&quot;,&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format_sql_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                                                                    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">tables</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;) ORDER BY _ROWID_&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">first</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Views&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                        <span class="n">first</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;DROP VIEW IF EXISTS </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_sql_identifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sqldef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">))</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">first</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">blank</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+                <span class="c1"># sqlite sequence</span>
+                <span class="c1"># does it exist</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select * from sqlite_master where name=&#39;sqlite_sequence&#39;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">()):</span>
+                    <span class="n">first</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+                    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">tables</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select seq from main.sqlite_sequence where name=?1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                                     <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                            <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
+                            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">first</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                                <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;For primary key autoincrements the next id &quot;</span>
+                                        <span class="s2">&quot;to use is stored in sqlite_sequence&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                                <span class="n">first</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+                            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                <span class="s1">&#39;DELETE FROM main.sqlite_sequence WHERE name=</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format_sql_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+                            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;INSERT INTO main.sqlite_sequence VALUES (</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">, </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">);</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span> <span class="o">%</span>
+                                <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format_sql_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]))</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">first</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="n">blank</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop_output</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_table</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oldtable</span>
+
+            <span class="c1"># analyze</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">analyze_needed</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;You had used the analyze command on these tables before.  Rerun for this new data.&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">analyze_needed</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;ANALYZE &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_sql_identifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="n">blank</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+            <span class="c1"># user version pragma</span>
+            <span class="n">uv</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pragma user_version&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">uv</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                    <span class="s2">&quot;Your database may need this.  It is sometimes used to keep track of the schema version (eg Firefox does this).&quot;</span>
+                <span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;pragma user_version=</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">;&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">uv</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+                <span class="n">blank</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+            <span class="c1"># Save it all</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;COMMIT TRANSACTION;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+            <span class="c1"># cleanup pragmas</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">foreigns</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">blank</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Restoring foreign key checking back on.  Note that SQLite 3.6.19 is off by default&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">virtuals</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">blank</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Restoring writable schema back to default&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="c1"># schema reread</span>
+                <span class="n">blank</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                <span class="n">comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;We need to force SQLite to reread the schema because otherwise it doesn&#39;t know that &quot;</span>
+                        <span class="s2">&quot;the virtual tables we inserted directly into sqlite_master exist.  See &quot;</span>
+                        <span class="s2">&quot;last comments of https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3425&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;BEGIN;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">CREATE TABLE no_such_table(x,y,z);</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">ROLLBACK;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+        <span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;END&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">internal</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_echo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;echo ON|OFF: If ON then each SQL statement or command is printed before execution (default OFF)</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        The SQL statement or command is sent to error output so that</span>
+<span class="sd">        it is not intermingled with regular output.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">echo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_boolean_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;echo&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.set_encoding"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.set_encoding">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">set_encoding</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">enc</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Saves *enc* as the default encoding, after verifying that</span>
+<span class="sd">        it is valid.  You can also include :error to specify error</span>
+<span class="sd">        handling - eg &#39;cp437:replace&#39;</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        Raises an exception on invalid encoding or error</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="n">enc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">enc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">enc</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">enc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">errors</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">enc</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">enc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">enc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="n">errors</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">codecs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lookup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">enc</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">LookupError</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;No known encoding &#39;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&#39;&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">enc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">errors</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">codecs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lookup_error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">errors</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">LookupError</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;No known codec error handler &#39;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&#39;&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">errors</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encoding</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">enc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">errors</span></div>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_encoding</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;encoding ENCODING: Set the encoding used for new files opened via .output and imports</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        SQLite and APSW work internally using Unicode and characters.</span>
+<span class="sd">        Files however are a sequence of bytes.  An encoding describes</span>
+<span class="sd">        how to convert between bytes and characters.  The default</span>
+<span class="sd">        encoding is utf8 and that is generally the best value to use</span>
+<span class="sd">        when other programs give you a choice.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        You can also specify an error handler.  For example</span>
+<span class="sd">        &#39;cp437:replace&#39; will use code page 437 and any Unicode</span>
+<span class="sd">        codepoints not present in cp437 will be replaced (typically</span>
+<span class="sd">        with something like a question mark).  Other error handlers</span>
+<span class="sd">        include &#39;ignore&#39;, &#39;strict&#39; (default) and &#39;xmlcharrefreplace&#39;.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        For the default input/output/error streams on startup the</span>
+<span class="sd">        shell defers to Python&#39;s detection of encoding.  For example</span>
+<span class="sd">        on Windows it asks what code page is in use and on Unix it</span>
+<span class="sd">        looks at the LC_CTYPE environment variable.  You can set the</span>
+<span class="sd">        PYTHONIOENCODING environment variable to override this</span>
+<span class="sd">        detection.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        This command affects files opened after setting the encoding</span>
+<span class="sd">        as well as imports.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        See the online APSW documentation for more details.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Encoding takes one argument&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_encoding</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_exceptions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;exceptions ON|OFF: If ON then detailed tracebacks are shown on exceptions (default OFF)</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        Normally when an exception occurs the error string only is</span>
+<span class="sd">        displayed.  However it is sometimes useful to get a full</span>
+<span class="sd">        traceback.  An example would be when you are developing</span>
+<span class="sd">        virtual tables and using the shell to exercise them.  In</span>
+<span class="sd">        addition to displaying each stack frame, the local variables</span>
+<span class="sd">        within each frame are also displayed.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exceptions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_boolean_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;exceptions&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;exit:Exit this program&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Exit doesn&#39;t take any parameters&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_quit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;quit:Exit this program&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Quit doesn&#39;t take any parameters&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_explain</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;explain ON|OFF: Set output mode suitable for explain (default OFF)</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        Explain shows the underlying SQLite virtual machine code for a</span>
+<span class="sd">        statement.  You need to prefix the SQL with explain.  For example:</span>
+
+<span class="sd">           explain select * from table;</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        This output mode formats the explain output nicely.  If you do</span>
+<span class="sd">        &#39;.explain OFF&#39; then the output mode and settings in place when</span>
+<span class="sd">        you did &#39;.explain ON&#39; are restored.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_boolean_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;explain&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">push_output</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">widths</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">truncate</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output_column</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop_output</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;find what ?TABLE?: Searches all columns of all tables for a value</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        The find command helps you locate data across your database</span>
+<span class="sd">        for example to find a string or any references to an id.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        You can specify a like pattern to limit the search to a subset</span>
+<span class="sd">        of tables (eg specifying &#39;CUSTOMER%&#39; for all tables beginning</span>
+<span class="sd">        with CUSTOMER).</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        The what value will be treated as a string and/or integer if</span>
+<span class="sd">        possible.  If what contains % or _ then it is also treated as</span>
+<span class="sd">        a like pattern.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        This command will take a long time to execute needing to read</span>
+<span class="sd">        all of the relevant tables.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;At least one argument required and at most two accepted&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">tablefilter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;%&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">tablefilter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="n">querytemplate</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+        <span class="n">queryparams</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+
+        <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">qp</span><span class="p">():</span>  <span class="c1"># binding for current queryparams</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;?&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queryparams</span><span class="p">))</span>
+
+        <span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="s1">&#39;%&#39;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="s1">&#39;_&#39;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">queryparams</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">querytemplate</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> LIKE &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">qp</span><span class="p">())</span>
+        <span class="n">queryparams</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">querytemplate</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">qp</span><span class="p">())</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">queryparams</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">querytemplate</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">qp</span><span class="p">())</span>
+        <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">pass</span>
+        <span class="n">querytemplate</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot; OR &quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">querytemplate</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">table</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type=&#39;table&#39; AND name LIKE ?1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                                  <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tablefilter</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)):</span>
+            <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_sql_identifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">table</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;SELECT * from </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> WHERE &quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">colq</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">column</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pragma table_info(</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">)&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)):</span>
+                <span class="n">colq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">querytemplate</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_sql_identifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">column</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queryparams</span><span class="p">)))</span>
+            <span class="n">query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">query</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot; OR &quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">colq</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">queryparams</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">internal</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">summary</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Table &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">table</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;header(s) ON|OFF: Display the column names in output (default OFF)</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_boolean_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;header&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="n">command_headers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">command_header</span>
+
+    <span class="n">_help_info</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_help</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;help ?COMMAND?: Shows list of commands and their usage.  If COMMAND is specified then shows detail about that COMMAND.  (&#39;.help all&#39; will show detailed help about all commands.)</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_help_info</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="c1"># buildup help database</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_help_info</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;command_&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="k">continue</span>
+                <span class="c1"># help is 3 parts</span>
+                <span class="c1"># - the syntax string (eg backup ?dbname? filename)</span>
+                <span class="c1"># - the one liner description (eg saves database to filename)</span>
+                <span class="c1"># - the multi-liner detailed description</span>
+                <span class="c1"># We grab this from the doc string for the function in the form</span>
+                <span class="c1">#   syntax: one liner\nmulti\nliner</span>
+                <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__doc__</span>
+                <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot; command must have documentation&quot;</span>
+                <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;command_&quot;</span><span class="p">):]</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;headers&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;color&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">continue</span>
+                <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span>
+                <span class="n">parts</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="n">firstline</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parts</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">firstline</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot; command must have usage: description doc&quot;</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parts</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parts</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="c1"># work around textwrap bug</span>
+                    <span class="n">multi</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">multi</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">textwrap</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dedent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parts</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;mode&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_modes</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cache_output_modes</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                    <span class="n">firstline</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">firstline</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_modes</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                    <span class="n">multi</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">multi</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_modes_detail</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;colour&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">colours</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_colours</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">())</span>
+                    <span class="n">colours</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                    <span class="n">firstline</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">firstline</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot; from &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">colours</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">multi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="c1"># All whitespace</span>
+                    <span class="n">multi</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">multi</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">multi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># we need to keep \n\n as a newline but turn all others into spaces</span>
+                    <span class="n">multi</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">multi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\x00</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                    <span class="n">multi</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">multi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                    <span class="n">multi</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">multi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\x00</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                    <span class="n">multi</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">multi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_help_info</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;.&#39;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">firstline</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">firstline</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">multi</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+        <span class="n">tw</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_terminal_width</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">tw</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">tw</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">commands</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_help_info</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">())</span>
+            <span class="n">commands</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">command</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">commands</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_help_info</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">command</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_help_info</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">command</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
+            <span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">command</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">commands</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">hi</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_help_info</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">command</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                <span class="c1"># usage string</span>
+                <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hi</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
+                <span class="c1"># space padding (including 2 for between columns)</span>
+                <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hi</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])))</span>
+                <span class="c1"># usage message wrapped if need be</span>
+                <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">textwrap</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">wrap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hi</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">tw</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)))</span>
+                <span class="c1"># newline</span>
+                <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;all&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">cmd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_help_info</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">())</span>
+                <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">command</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_help_info</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_help_info</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">command</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_help_info</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">command</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
+
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">command</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">command</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;headers&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">command</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;header&quot;</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">command</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_help_info</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;No such command </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">command</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+                <span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+                <span class="n">hi</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_help_info</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">command</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                <span class="c1"># usage string</span>
+                <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hi</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
+                <span class="c1"># space padding (2)</span>
+                <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hi</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])))</span>
+                <span class="c1"># usage message wrapped if need be</span>
+                <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">textwrap</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">wrap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hi</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">tw</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">hi</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># newlines</span>
+                    <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># detailed message</span>
+                    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">para</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hi</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]):</span>
+                        <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">textwrap</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">para</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tw</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hi</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                            <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="c1"># if not first one then print separator header</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">command</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;=&quot;</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">tw</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_import</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;import FILE TABLE: Imports separated data from FILE into TABLE</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        Reads data from the file into the named table using the</span>
+<span class="sd">        current separator and encoding.  For example if the separator</span>
+<span class="sd">        is currently a comma then the file should be CSV (comma</span>
+<span class="sd">        separated values).</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        All values read in are supplied to SQLite as strings.  If you</span>
+<span class="sd">        want SQLite to treat them as other types then declare your</span>
+<span class="sd">        columns appropriately.  For example declaring a column &#39;REAL&#39;</span>
+<span class="sd">        will result in the values being stored as floating point if</span>
+<span class="sd">        they can be safely converted.  See this page for more details:</span>
+
+<span class="sd">          https://sqlite.org/datatype3.html</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        Another alternative is to create a temporary table, insert the</span>
+<span class="sd">        values into that and then use casting.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">          CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE import(a,b,c);</span>
+
+<span class="sd">          .import filename import</span>
+
+<span class="sd">          CREATE TABLE final AS SELECT cast(a as BLOB), cast(b as INTEGER), cast(c as CHAR) from import;</span>
+
+<span class="sd">          DROP TABLE import;</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        You can also get more sophisticated using the SQL CASE</span>
+<span class="sd">        operator.  For example this will turn zero length strings into</span>
+<span class="sd">        null:</span>
+
+<span class="sd">          SELECT CASE col WHEN &#39;&#39; THEN null ELSE col END FROM ...</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;import takes two parameters&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">final</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+            <span class="c1"># start transaction so database can&#39;t be changed</span>
+            <span class="c1"># underneath us</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;BEGIN IMMEDIATE&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">final</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;ROLLBACK&quot;</span>
+
+            <span class="c1"># how many columns?</span>
+            <span class="n">ncols</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pragma table_info(&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_sql_identifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">+</span>
+                                                 <span class="s2">&quot;)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">())</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">ncols</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;No such table &#39;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&#39;&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+
+            <span class="n">cur</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="n">sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;insert into </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> values(</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">)&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_sql_identifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]),</span> <span class="s2">&quot;,&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;?&quot;</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">ncols</span><span class="p">))</span>
+
+            <span class="n">kwargs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">separator</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;,&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;dialect&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;excel&quot;</span>
+            <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">separator</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;dialect&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;excel-tab&quot;</span>
+            <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;quoting&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QUOTE_NONE</span>
+                <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;delimiter&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">separator</span>
+                <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;doublequote&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+                <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;quotechar&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\x00</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
+            <span class="n">row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">line</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_csvin_wrapper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">ncols</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;row </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2"> has </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2"> columns but should have </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">ncols</span><span class="p">))</span>
+                <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Error inserting row </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+                    <span class="k">raise</span>
+                <span class="n">row</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;COMMIT&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+        <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">final</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">final</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_csvin_wrapper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dialect</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="c1"># Returns a csv reader that works around python bugs and uses</span>
+        <span class="c1"># dialect dict to configure reader</span>
+        <span class="n">thefile</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">codecs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;r&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">line</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">thefile</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">dialect</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">copy</span><span class="p">()):</span>
+            <span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">line</span>
+        <span class="n">thefile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_autoimport</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;autoimport FILENAME ?TABLE?: Imports filename creating a table and automatically working out separators and data types (alternative to .import command)</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        The import command requires that you precisely pre-setup the</span>
+<span class="sd">        table and schema, and set the data separators (eg commas or</span>
+<span class="sd">        tabs).  In many cases this information can be automatically</span>
+<span class="sd">        deduced from the file contents which is what this command</span>
+<span class="sd">        does.  There must be at least two columns and two rows.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        If the table is not specified then the basename of the file</span>
+<span class="sd">        will be used.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        Additionally the type of the contents of each column is also</span>
+<span class="sd">        deduced - for example if it is a number or date.  Empty values</span>
+<span class="sd">        are turned into nulls.  Dates are normalized into YYYY-MM-DD</span>
+<span class="sd">        format and DateTime are normalized into ISO8601 format to</span>
+<span class="sd">        allow easy sorting and searching.  4 digit years must be used</span>
+<span class="sd">        to detect dates.  US (swapped day and month) versus rest of</span>
+<span class="sd">        the world is also detected providing there is at least one</span>
+<span class="sd">        value that resolves the ambiguity.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        Care is taken to ensure that columns looking like numbers are</span>
+<span class="sd">        only treated as numbers if they do not have unnecessary</span>
+<span class="sd">        leading zeroes or plus signs.  This is to avoid treating phone</span>
+<span class="sd">        numbers and similar number like strings as integers.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        This command can take quite some time on large files as they</span>
+<span class="sd">        are effectively imported twice.  The first time is to</span>
+<span class="sd">        determine the format and the types for each column while the</span>
+<span class="sd">        second pass actually imports the data.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Expected one or two parameters&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exists</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]):</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;File </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2"> does not exist&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">tablename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">tablename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">final</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+            <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;BEGIN IMMEDIATE&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">final</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;ROLLBACK&quot;</span>
+
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">tablename</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">tablename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">splitext</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">basename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]))[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pragma table_info(</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">)&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_sql_identifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">():</span>
+                <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Table </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2"> already exists&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+
+            <span class="c1"># The types we support deducing</span>
+            <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">DateUS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>  <span class="c1"># US formatted date with wrong ordering of day and month</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">DateWorld</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">switchdm</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+            <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">DateWorld</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">switchdm</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">):</span>  <span class="c1"># Sensibly formatted date as used anywhere else in the world</span>
+                <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_getdate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">switchdm</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">m</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">12</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">31</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">-</span><span class="si">%02d</span><span class="s2">-</span><span class="si">%02d</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+            <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">DateTimeUS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>  <span class="c1"># US date and time</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">DateTimeWorld</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">switchdm</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+            <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">DateTimeWorld</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">switchdm</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">):</span>  <span class="c1"># Sensible date and time</span>
+                <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_getdatetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">switchdm</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">m</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">12</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">23</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">59</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">65</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">-</span><span class="si">%02d</span><span class="s2">-</span><span class="si">%02d</span><span class="s2">T</span><span class="si">%02d</span><span class="s2">:</span><span class="si">%02d</span><span class="s2">:</span><span class="si">%02d</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+            <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">Number</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>  <span class="c1"># we really don&#39;t want phone numbers etc to match</span>
+                <span class="c1"># Python&#39;s float &amp; int constructors allow whitespace which we don&#39;t</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">search</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">r</span><span class="s2">&quot;\s&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;0&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;+&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="c1"># idd prefix</span>
+                    <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">match</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;^[0-9]+$&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;0&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span>  <span class="c1"># also a phone number</span>
+                    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;0&quot;</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;0.&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>  <span class="c1"># deceptive not a number</span>
+                    <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+            <span class="c1"># Work out the file format</span>
+            <span class="n">formats</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[{</span><span class="s2">&quot;dialect&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;excel&quot;</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;dialect&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;excel-tab&quot;</span><span class="p">}]</span>
+            <span class="n">seps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;|&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;:&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">separator</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">seps</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">seps</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">separator</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">sep</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">seps</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">formats</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s2">&quot;quoting&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">csv</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">QUOTE_NONE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;delimiter&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">sep</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;doublequote&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;quotechar&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\x00</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">})</span>
+            <span class="n">possibles</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+            <span class="n">errors</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+            <span class="n">encodingissue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+            <span class="c1"># format is copy() on every use.  This appears bizarre and</span>
+            <span class="c1"># unnecessary.  However Python 2.3 and 2.4 somehow manage</span>
+            <span class="c1"># to empty it if not copied.</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nb">format</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">formats</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">ncols</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span>
+                <span class="n">lines</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
+                <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">line</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_csvin_wrapper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">copy</span><span class="p">()):</span>
+                        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">lines</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                            <span class="n">lines</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
+                            <span class="n">ncols</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                            <span class="c1"># data type guess setup</span>
+                            <span class="n">datas</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+                            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ncols</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                                <span class="n">datas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">DateUS</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">DateWorld</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">DateTimeUS</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">DateTimeWorld</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Number</span><span class="p">])</span>
+                            <span class="n">allblanks</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">ncols</span>
+                            <span class="k">continue</span>
+                        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">ncols</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Expected </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2"> columns - got </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ncols</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">)))</span>
+                        <span class="n">lines</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
+                        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ncols</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+                                <span class="k">continue</span>
+                            <span class="n">allblanks</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+                            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">datas</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+                                <span class="k">continue</span>
+                            <span class="c1"># remove datas that give ValueError</span>
+                            <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+                            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">dd</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">datas</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+                                <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                                    <span class="n">dd</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span>
+                                    <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dd</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                                <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                                    <span class="k">pass</span>
+                            <span class="n">datas</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">d</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">ncols</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">lines</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="c1"># if a particular column was allblank then clear datas for it</span>
+                        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ncols</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">allblanks</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+                                <span class="n">datas</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+                        <span class="n">possibles</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">copy</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">ncols</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lines</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">datas</span><span class="p">))</span>
+                <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">UnicodeDecodeError</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">encodingissue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+                <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exc_info</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">errors</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="n">errors</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">possibles</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">encodingissue</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                        <span class="s2">&quot;The file is probably not in the current encoding </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2"> and didn&#39;t match a known file format&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span>
+                        <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+                <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;File doesn&#39;t appear to match a known type.&quot;</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">errors</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;  Errors reported:</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s2">&quot;  &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">e</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">e</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">errors</span><span class="p">])</span>
+                <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">possibles</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;File matches more than one type!&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="nb">format</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ncols</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lines</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">datas</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">possibles</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;dialect&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">fmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;(delimited by </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2">)&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">format</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;delimiter&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Detected Format </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">  Columns </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">  Rows </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ncols</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lines</span><span class="p">))</span>
+            <span class="c1"># Header row</span>
+            <span class="n">reader</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_csvin_wrapper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="nb">format</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">header</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">break</span>
+            <span class="c1"># Check schema</span>
+            <span class="n">identity</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">x</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ncols</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">datas</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Column #</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2"> </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2"> has ambiguous data format - </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span>
+                                     <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="s2">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">datas</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]])))</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">datas</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+                    <span class="n">datas</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datas</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">datas</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">identity</span>
+            <span class="c1"># Make the table</span>
+            <span class="n">sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;CREATE TABLE </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">(</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">)&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_sql_identifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s2">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                <span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_sql_identifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">h</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="p">]))</span>
+            <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="c1"># prep work for each row</span>
+            <span class="n">sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;INSERT INTO </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> VALUES(</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">)&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_sql_identifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s2">&quot;,&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s2">&quot;?&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">ncols</span><span class="p">))</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">line</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">reader</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">vals</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+                <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ncols</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">l</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="n">vals</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                    <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="n">vals</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">datas</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">](</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">))</span>
+                <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">vals</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+            <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;COMMIT&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Auto-import into table </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2"> complete</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tablename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">final</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">final</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_getdate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="c1"># Returns a tuple of 3 items y,m,d from string v</span>
+        <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">match</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">r</span><span class="s2">&quot;^([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)$&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span>
+        <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">group</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">group</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)),</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">group</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="c1"># swap order</span>
+            <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">1000</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">9999</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">d</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_getdatetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="c1"># must be at least HH:MM</span>
+        <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">match</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">r</span><span class="s2">&quot;^([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)[^0-9]+([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)([^0-9]([0-9]+))?$&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span>
+        <span class="n">items</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">group</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">)):</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
+        <span class="n">items</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">items</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">items</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">:]</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">1000</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">items</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">9999</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">items</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_indices</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;indices TABLE: Lists all indices on table TABLE</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;indices takes one table name&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">push_output</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output_list</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_sql</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                <span class="s2">&quot;SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type=&#39;index&#39; AND tbl_name LIKE ?1 &quot;</span>
+                <span class="s2">&quot;UNION ALL SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master WHERE type=&#39;index&#39; AND tbl_name LIKE &quot;</span>
+                <span class="s2">&quot;?1 ORDER by name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                <span class="n">internal</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop_output</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;load FILE ?ENTRY?: Loads a SQLite extension library</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        Note: Extension loading may not be enabled in the SQLite</span>
+<span class="sd">        library version you are using.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        Extensions are an easy way to add new functions and</span>
+<span class="sd">        functionality.  For a useful extension look at the bottom of</span>
+<span class="sd">        https://sqlite.org/contrib</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        By default sqlite3_extension_init is called in the library but</span>
+<span class="sd">        you can specify an alternate entry point.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        If you get an error about the extension not being found you</span>
+<span class="sd">        may need to explicitly specify the directory.  For example if</span>
+<span class="sd">        it is in the current directory then use:</span>
+
+<span class="sd">          .load ./extension.so</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;load takes one or two parameters&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">enableloadextension</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Extension loading is not supported&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">loadextension</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="n">_output_modes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_mode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;mode MODE ?TABLE?: Sets output mode to one of&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;tabs&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;list&quot;</span>
+            <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;output_&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;insert&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Output mode </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> doesn&#39;t take parameters&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]))</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">m</span>
+                <span class="c1"># set some defaults</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">truncate</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;csv&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">separator</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;,&quot;</span>
+                <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;tabs&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">separator</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">pass</span>
+                    <span class="c1">#self.separator=self._output_stack[0][&quot;separator&quot;]</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;insert&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_table</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                    <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_table</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table&quot;</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_table</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_sql_identifier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_table</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_modes</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cache_output_modes</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Expected a valid output mode: &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_modes</span><span class="p">))</span>
+
+    <span class="c1"># needed so command completion and help can use it</span>
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_cache_output_modes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="n">modes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;output_&quot;</span><span class="p">):]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;output_&quot;</span><span class="p">)]</span>
+        <span class="n">modes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;tabs&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">modes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_modes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">modes</span>
+
+        <span class="n">detail</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">modes</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;tabs&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">continue</span>
+            <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;output_&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__doc__</span>
+            <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;output mode &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot; needs doc&quot;</span>
+            <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="k">while</span> <span class="s2">&quot;  &quot;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;  &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">detail</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;: &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_modes_detail</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">detail</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_nullvalue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;nullvalue STRING: Print STRING in place of null values</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        This affects textual output modes like column and list and</span>
+<span class="sd">        sets how SQL null values are shown.  The default is a zero</span>
+<span class="sd">        length string.  Insert mode and dumps are not affected by this</span>
+<span class="sd">        setting.  You can use double quotes to supply a zero length</span>
+<span class="sd">        string.  For example:</span>
+
+<span class="sd">          .nullvalue &quot;&quot;         # the default</span>
+<span class="sd">          .nullvalue &lt;NULL&gt;     # rather obvious</span>
+<span class="sd">          .nullvalue &quot; \\t &quot;     # A tab surrounded by spaces</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;nullvalue takes exactly one parameter&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nullvalue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fixup_backslashes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;open ?OPTIONS? ?FILE?: Closes existing database and opens a different one</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        Options are: --new which deletes the file if it already exists</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        If FILE is omitted then a memory database is opened</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="n">new</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+        <span class="n">dbname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+        <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cmd</span>
+        <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;--&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;--new&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">new</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+                    <span class="k">continue</span>
+                <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Unknown open param: &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">dbname</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Too many arguments: &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">dbname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span>
+
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">new</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">dbname</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="c1"># close it first in case re-opening existing.  windows doesn&#39;t</span>
+            <span class="c1"># allow deleting open files, tag alongs cause problems etc</span>
+            <span class="c1"># hence retry and sleeps</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">suffix</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;-journal&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;-wal&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;-shm&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">fn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dbname</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">suffix</span>
+                <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">retry</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fn</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                        <span class="k">break</span>
+                    <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">OSError</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isfile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fn</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                            <span class="k">break</span>
+                        <span class="c1"># under windows tag alongs can delay being able to</span>
+                        <span class="c1"># delete after we have closed the file</span>
+                        <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">gc</span>
+                        <span class="n">gc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                        <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">.05</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">retry</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fn</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fn</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;-DELETEME&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dbname</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;output FILENAME: Send output to FILENAME (or stdout)</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        If the FILENAME is stdout then output is sent to standard</span>
+<span class="sd">        output from when the shell was started.  The file is opened</span>
+<span class="sd">        using the current encoding (change with .encoding command).</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="c1"># Flush everything</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flush</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flush</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">hasattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;flush&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flush</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">IOError</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="c1"># see issue 117</span>
+                <span class="k">pass</span>
+
+        <span class="c1"># we will also close stdout but only do so once we have a</span>
+        <span class="c1"># replacement so that stdout is always valid</span>
+
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;You must specify a filename&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">fname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">fname</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;stdout&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">old</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_original_stdout</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">old</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_original_stdout</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">old</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="c1"># done here in case close raises exception</span>
+                    <span class="n">old</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span>
+
+            <span class="n">newf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">codecs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;w&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
+            <span class="n">old</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_original_stdout</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">old</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">newf</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">old</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">old</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_out_colour</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;print STRING: print the literal STRING</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        If more than one argument is supplied then they are printed</span>
+<span class="sd">        space separated.  You can use backslash escapes such as \\n</span>
+<span class="sd">        and \\t.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fixup_backslashes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_prompt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;prompt MAIN ?CONTINUE?: Changes the prompts for first line and continuation lines</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        The default is to print &#39;sqlite&gt; &#39; for the main prompt where</span>
+<span class="sd">        you can enter a dot command or a SQL statement.  If the SQL</span>
+<span class="sd">        statement is complete (eg not ; terminated) then you are</span>
+<span class="sd">        prompted for more using the continuation prompt which defaults</span>
+<span class="sd">        to &#39; ..&gt; &#39;.  Example:</span>
+
+<span class="sd">          .prompt &quot;Yes, Master&gt; &quot; &quot;More, Master&gt; &quot;</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        You can use backslash escapes such as \\n and \\t.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;prompt takes one or two arguments&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">prompt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fixup_backslashes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">moreprompt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fixup_backslashes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;read FILENAME: Processes SQL and commands in FILENAME (or Python if FILENAME ends with .py)</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        Treats the specified file as input (a mixture or SQL and/or</span>
+<span class="sd">        dot commands).  If the filename ends in .py then it is treated</span>
+<span class="sd">        as Python code instead.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        For Python code the symbol &#39;shell&#39; refers to the instance of</span>
+<span class="sd">        the shell and &#39;apsw&#39; is the apsw module.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;read takes a single filename&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">endswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;.py&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="n">g</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
+            <span class="n">g</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">&#39;apsw&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;shell&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">})</span>
+            <span class="c1"># compile step is needed to associate name with code</span>
+            <span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="s2">&quot;rb&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">exec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">compile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="s1">&#39;exec&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">g</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">g</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">codecs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="s2">&quot;r&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
+            <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">push_input</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">f</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interactive</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">input_line_number</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
+                    <span class="k">while</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="n">line</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getcompleteline</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">line</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                            <span class="k">break</span>
+                        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_complete_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="nb">eval</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exc_info</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">eval</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ne">SystemExit</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_append_input_description</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                    <span class="k">raise</span>
+
+            <span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop_input</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                <span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_restore</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;restore ?DB? FILE: Restore database from FILE into DB (default &quot;main&quot;)</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        Copies the contents of FILE to the current database (default &quot;main&quot;).</span>
+<span class="sd">        The backup is done at the page level - SQLite copies the pages as</span>
+<span class="sd">        is.  There is no round trip through SQL code.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="n">dbname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;main&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">fname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">dbname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="n">fname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Restore takes one or two parameters&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="nb">input</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fname</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">backup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dbname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">while</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">done</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">step</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">finish</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_schema</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;schema ?TABLE? [TABLE...]: Shows SQL for table</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        If you give one or more tables then their schema is listed</span>
+<span class="sd">        (including indices).  If you don&#39;t specify any then all</span>
+<span class="sd">        schemas are listed. TABLE is a like pattern so you can % for</span>
+<span class="sd">        wildcards.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">push_output</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output_list</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">cmd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;%&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_sql</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                    <span class="s2">&quot;SELECT sql||&#39;;&#39; FROM &quot;</span>
+                    <span class="s2">&quot;(SELECT sql sql, type type, tbl_name tbl_name, name name &quot;</span>
+                    <span class="s2">&quot;FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL &quot;</span>
+                    <span class="s2">&quot;SELECT sql, type, tbl_name, name FROM sqlite_temp_master) &quot;</span>
+                    <span class="s2">&quot;WHERE tbl_name LIKE ?1 AND type!=&#39;meta&#39; AND sql NOTNULL AND name NOT LIKE &#39;sqlite_%&#39; &quot;</span>
+                    <span class="s2">&quot;ORDER BY substr(type,2,1), name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">),</span>
+                    <span class="n">internal</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop_output</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_separator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;separator STRING: Change separator for output mode and .import</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        You can use quotes and backslashes.  For example to set the</span>
+<span class="sd">        separator to space tab space you can use:</span>
+
+<span class="sd">          .separator &quot; \\t &quot;</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        The setting is automatically changed when you switch to csv or</span>
+<span class="sd">        tabs output mode.  You should also set it before doing an</span>
+<span class="sd">        import (ie , for CSV and \\t for TSV).</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;separator takes exactly one parameter&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">separator</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fixup_backslashes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
+
+    <span class="n">_shows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;echo&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;explain&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;headers&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;mode&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;nullvalue&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;output&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;separator&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;width&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;exceptions&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+              <span class="s2">&quot;encoding&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_show</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;show: Show the current values for various settings.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;show takes at most one parameter&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="n">what</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">what</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_shows</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Unknown show: &#39;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&#39;&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">what</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">what</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+
+        <span class="n">outs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_shows</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">i</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">what</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">what</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">continue</span>
+            <span class="c1"># boolean settings</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;echo&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;headers&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;exceptions&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;headers&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;header&quot;</span>
+                <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;off&quot;</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;on&quot;</span>
+            <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;explain&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="c1"># we cheat by looking at truncate setting!</span>
+                <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;on&quot;</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">truncate</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;off&quot;</span>
+            <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;nullvalue&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;separator&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_fmt_c_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">))</span>
+            <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;mode&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_modes</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_cache_output_modes</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_modes</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;output_&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                        <span class="k">break</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Bug: didn&#39;t find output mode&quot;</span>
+            <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;output&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_original_stdout</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;stdout&quot;</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;unknown stdout&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;width&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">widths</span><span class="p">])</span>
+            <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;encoding&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+                    <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="s2">&quot; (Errors &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;)&quot;</span>
+            <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Bug: unknown show handling&quot;</span>
+            <span class="n">outs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">))</span>
+
+        <span class="c1"># find width of k column</span>
+        <span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">outs</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">l</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">outs</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%*.*s</span><span class="s2">: </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">l</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">))</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_tables</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;tables ?PATTERN?: Lists names of tables matching LIKE pattern</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        This also returns views.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">push_output</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output_list</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">header</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">cmd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;%&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
+
+            <span class="c1"># The SQLite shell code filters out sqlite_ prefixes if</span>
+            <span class="c1"># you specified an argument else leaves them in.  It also</span>
+            <span class="c1"># has a hand coded output mode that does space separation</span>
+            <span class="c1"># plus wrapping at 80 columns.</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_sql</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                    <span class="s2">&quot;SELECT name FROM sqlite_master &quot;</span>
+                    <span class="s2">&quot;WHERE type IN (&#39;table&#39;, &#39;view&#39;) AND name NOT LIKE &#39;sqlite_%&#39; &quot;</span>
+                    <span class="s2">&quot;AND name like ?1 &quot;</span>
+                    <span class="s2">&quot;UNION ALL &quot;</span>
+                    <span class="s2">&quot;SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master &quot;</span>
+                    <span class="s2">&quot;WHERE type IN (&#39;table&#39;, &#39;view&#39;) AND name NOT LIKE &#39;sqlite_%&#39; &quot;</span>
+                    <span class="s2">&quot;ORDER BY 1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">),</span>
+                    <span class="n">internal</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop_output</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_timeout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;timeout MS: Try opening locked tables for MS milliseconds</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        If a database is locked by another process SQLite will keep</span>
+<span class="sd">        retrying.  This sets how many thousandths of a second it will</span>
+<span class="sd">        keep trying for.  If you supply zero or a negative number then</span>
+<span class="sd">        all busy handlers are disabled.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;timeout takes a number&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
+        <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"> is not a number&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setbusytimeout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_timer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;timer ON|OFF: Control printing of time and resource usage after each query</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        The values displayed are in seconds when shown as floating</span>
+<span class="sd">        point or an absolute count.  Only items that have changed</span>
+<span class="sd">        since starting the query are shown.  On non-Windows platforms</span>
+<span class="sd">        considerably more information can be shown.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_boolean_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;timer&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_resource_usage</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Timing not supported by this Python version/platform&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">command_width</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;width NUM NUM ...: Set the column widths for &quot;column&quot; mode</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        In &quot;column&quot; output mode, each column is a fixed width with values truncated to</span>
+<span class="sd">        fit.  Specify new widths using this command.  Use a negative number</span>
+<span class="sd">        to right justify and zero for default column width.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;You need to specify some widths!&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cmd</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">w</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">))</span>
+            <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&#39;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">&#39; is not a valid number&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">widths</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">w</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_terminal_width</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Works out the terminal width which is used for word wrapping</span>
+<span class="sd">        some output (eg .help)&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">platform</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;win32&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">ctypes</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">struct</span>
+                <span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">windll</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kernel32</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GetStdHandle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># -12 is stderr</span>
+                <span class="n">buf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create_string_buffer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">windll</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kernel32</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">top</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bottom</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">struct</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">unpack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;hhhhHhhhhhh&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">buf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">raw</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">right</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">left</span>
+                <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">Exception</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="c1"># posix</span>
+                <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">struct</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">fcntl</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">termios</span>
+                <span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">struct</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;HHHH&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fcntl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ioctl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TIOCGWINSZ</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">struct</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">unpack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;HHHH&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getenv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;COLUMNS&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">80</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">v</span>
+            <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">80</span>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.push_output"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.push_output">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">push_output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Saves the current output settings onto a stack.  See</span>
+<span class="sd">        :meth:`pop_output` for more details as to why you would use</span>
+<span class="sd">        this.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="n">o</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="s2">&quot;separator&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;header&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;nullvalue&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;output&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;widths&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;truncate&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">o</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">o</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.pop_output"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.pop_output">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">pop_output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Restores most recently pushed output.  There are many</span>
+<span class="sd">        output parameters such as nullvalue, mode</span>
+<span class="sd">        (list/tcl/html/insert etc), column widths, header etc.  If you</span>
+<span class="sd">        temporarily need to change some settings then</span>
+<span class="sd">        :meth:`push_output`, change the settings and then pop the old</span>
+<span class="sd">        ones back.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        A simple example is implementing a command like .dump.  Push</span>
+<span class="sd">        the current output, change the mode to insert so we get SQL</span>
+<span class="sd">        inserts printed and then pop to go back to what was there</span>
+<span class="sd">        before.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="c1"># first item should always be present</span>
+        <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_stack</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_stack</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">o</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">o</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_output_stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">o</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
+            <span class="nb">setattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_append_input_description</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;When displaying an error in :meth:`handle_exception` we</span>
+<span class="sd">        want to give context such as when the commands being executed</span>
+<span class="sd">        came from a .read command (which in turn could execute another</span>
+<span class="sd">        .read).</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interactive</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span>
+        <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+        <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Line </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">input_line_number</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;: &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_input_descriptions</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">))</span>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.fixup_backslashes"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.fixup_backslashes">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">fixup_backslashes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Implements the various backlash sequences in s such as</span>
+<span class="sd">        turning backslash t into a tab.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        This function is needed because shlex does not do it for us.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">s</span>
+        <span class="c1"># See the resolve_backslashes function in SQLite shell source</span>
+        <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+        <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
+        <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span>
+                <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
+                <span class="k">continue</span>
+            <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">&gt;=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Backslash with nothing following&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;r&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\r</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;n&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;t&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">))</span>
+            <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>  <span class="c1"># advance again</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Unknown backslash sequence </span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.write"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.write">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Writes text to dest.  dest will typically be one of self.stdout or self.stderr.&quot;</span>
+        <span class="n">dest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
+
+    <span class="n">_raw_input</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">input</span>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.getline"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.getline">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">getline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">prompt</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Returns a single line of input (may be incomplete SQL) from self.stdin.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        If EOF is reached then return None.  Do not include trailing</span>
+<span class="sd">        newline in return.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flush</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flush</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interactive</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">prompt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">prompt_</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_using_readline</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="c1"># these are needed so that readline knows they are non-printing characters</span>
+                        <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\x01</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\x02</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\x01</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\x02</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                    <span class="n">line</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_raw_input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">prompt</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>  <span class="c1"># raw_input excludes newline</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">prompt</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                    <span class="n">line</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">readline</span><span class="p">()</span>  <span class="c1"># includes newline unless last line of file doesn&#39;t have one</span>
+            <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">line</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">readline</span><span class="p">()</span>  <span class="c1"># includes newline unless last line of file doesn&#39;t have one</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">input_line_number</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">version_info</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">unicode</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">enc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;encoding&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">enc</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">enc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                    <span class="n">line</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">decode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">enc</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">EOFError</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="c1"># always a \n on the end normally so this is EOF</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">line</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">line</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.getcompleteline"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.getcompleteline">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">getcompleteline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Returns a complete input.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        For dot commands it will be one line.  For SQL statements it</span>
+<span class="sd">        will be as many as is necessary to have a</span>
+<span class="sd">        :meth:`~apsw.complete` statement (ie semicolon terminated).</span>
+<span class="sd">        Returns None on end of file.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_completion_first</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+            <span class="n">command</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">prompt</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">command</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">command</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;?&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">command</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;.help &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span>
+            <span class="c1"># incomplete SQL?</span>
+            <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;.&quot;</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">complete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">command</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_completion_first</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
+                <span class="n">line</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">moreprompt</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">line</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="c1"># unexpected eof</span>
+                    <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Incomplete SQL (line </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2"> of </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">): </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span>
+                                     <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">input_line_number</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="p">))</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">line</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;go&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;/&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="k">break</span>
+                <span class="n">command</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">command</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">line</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">command</span>
+        <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">KeyboardInterrupt</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">handle_interrupt</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.handle_interrupt"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.handle_interrupt">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_interrupt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Deal with keyboard interrupt (typically Control-C).  It</span>
+<span class="sd">        will :meth:`~apsw.Connection.interrupt` the database and print&quot;^C&quot; if interactive.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interrupt</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bail</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interactive</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;^C</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span>
+        <span class="k">raise</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.process_complete_line"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.process_complete_line">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">process_complete_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Given some text will call the appropriate method to process</span>
+<span class="sd">        it (eg :meth:`process_sql` or :meth:`process_command`)&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">command</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;.&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">command</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">command</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">KeyboardInterrupt</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">handle_interrupt</span><span class="p">()</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.push_input"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.push_input">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">push_input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Saves the current input parameters to a stack.  See :meth:`pop_input`.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="s2">&quot;interactive&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;stdin&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;input_line_number&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">d</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_input_stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.pop_input"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.pop_input">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">pop_input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Restore most recently pushed input parameters (interactive,</span>
+<span class="sd">        self.stdin, linenumber etc).  Use this if implementing a</span>
+<span class="sd">        command like read.  Push the current input, read the file and</span>
+<span class="sd">        then pop the input to go back to before.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_input_stack</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
+        <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_input_stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
+            <span class="nb">setattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.complete"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.complete">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">complete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">token</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Return a possible completion for readline</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        This function is called with state starting at zero to get the</span>
+<span class="sd">        first completion, then one/two/three etc until you return None.  The best</span>
+<span class="sd">        implementation is to generate the list when state==0, save it,</span>
+<span class="sd">        and provide members on each increase.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        The default implementation extracts the current full input</span>
+<span class="sd">        from readline and then calls :meth:`complete_command` or</span>
+<span class="sd">        :meth:`complete_sql` as appropriate saving the results for</span>
+<span class="sd">        subsequent calls.</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">state</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">readline</span>
+            <span class="c1"># the whole line</span>
+            <span class="n">line</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_line_buffer</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="c1"># beginning and end(+1) of the token in line</span>
+            <span class="n">beg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_begidx</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="n">end</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">readline</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_endidx</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="c1"># Are we matching a command?</span>
+            <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_completion_first</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;.&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">completions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">complete_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">token</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">beg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">completions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">complete_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">token</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">beg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="c1"># Readline swallows any exceptions we raise.  We</span>
+                <span class="c1"># shouldn&#39;t be raising any so this is to catch that</span>
+                <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">traceback</span>
+                <span class="n">traceback</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">print_exc</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                <span class="k">raise</span>
+
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">state</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">completions</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">completions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">]</span></div>
+
+    <span class="c1"># Taken from https://sqlite.org/lang_keywords.html</span>
+    <span class="n">_sqlite_keywords</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;ABORT ACTION ADD AFTER ALL ALTER ANALYZE AND AS ASC ATTACH</span>
+<span class="s2">    AUTOINCREMENT BEFORE BEGIN BETWEEN BY CASCADE CASE CAST CHECK</span>
+<span class="s2">    COLLATE COLUMN COMMIT CONFLICT CONSTRAINT CREATE CROSS</span>
+<span class="s2">    CURRENT_DATE CURRENT_TIME CURRENT_TIMESTAMP DATABASE DEFAULT</span>
+<span class="s2">    DEFERRABLE DEFERRED DELETE DESC DETACH DISTINCT DROP EACH ELSE END</span>
+<span class="s2">    ESCAPE EXCEPT EXCLUSIVE EXISTS EXPLAIN FAIL FOR FOREIGN FROM FULL</span>
+<span class="s2">    GLOB GROUP HAVING IF IGNORE IMMEDIATE IN INDEX INDEXED INITIALLY</span>
+<span class="s2">    INNER INSERT INSTEAD INTERSECT INTO IS ISNULL JOIN KEY LEFT LIKE</span>
+<span class="s2">    LIMIT MATCH NATURAL NO NOT NOTNULL NULL OF OFFSET ON OR ORDER</span>
+<span class="s2">    OUTER PLAN PRAGMA PRIMARY QUERY RAISE RECURSIVE REFERENCES REGEXP</span>
+<span class="s2">    REINDEX RELEASE RENAME REPLACE RESTRICT RIGHT ROLLBACK ROW</span>
+<span class="s2">    SAVEPOINT SELECT SET TABLE TEMP TEMPORARY THEN TO TRANSACTION</span>
+<span class="s2">    TRIGGER UNION UNIQUE UPDATE USING VACUUM VALUES VIEW VIRTUAL WHEN</span>
+<span class="s2">    WHERE WITH WITHOUT&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+    <span class="n">_sqlite_keywords</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">apsw</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;keywords&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[]))</span>
+
+    <span class="c1"># reserved words need to be quoted.  Only a subset of the above are reserved</span>
+    <span class="c1"># but what the heck</span>
+    <span class="n">_sqlite_reserved</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_sqlite_keywords</span>
+    <span class="c1"># add a space after each of them except functions which get parentheses</span>
+    <span class="n">_sqlite_keywords</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;(&quot;</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;VALUES&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;CAST&quot;</span><span class="p">)]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">_sqlite_keywords</span><span class="p">]</span>
+
+    <span class="n">_sqlite_special_names</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;_ROWID_ OID ROWID SQLITE_MASTER</span>
+<span class="s2">           SQLITE_SEQUENCE&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+    <span class="n">_sqlite_functions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;abs( changes() char( coalesce( glob( ifnull( hex( instr(</span>
+<span class="s2">           last_insert_rowid() length( like( likelihood( likely(</span>
+<span class="s2">           load_extension( lower( ltrim( max( min( nullif( printf(</span>
+<span class="s2">           quote( random() randomblob( replace( round( rtrim( soundex(</span>
+<span class="s2">           sqlite_compileoption_get( sqlite_compileoption_used(</span>
+<span class="s2">           sqlite_source_id() sqlite_version() substr( total_changes()</span>
+<span class="s2">           trim( typeof( unlikely( unicode( upper( zeroblob( date(</span>
+<span class="s2">           time( datetime( julianday( strftime( avg( count(</span>
+<span class="s2">           group_concat( sum( total(&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+    <span class="n">_pragmas_bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;yes&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;true&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;on&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;no&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;false&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;off&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="n">_pragmas</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;application_id&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;auto_vacuum=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;NONE&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;FULL&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;INCREMENTAL&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;automatic_index=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_pragmas_bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;busy_timeout=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;cache_size=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;case_sensitive_like=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_pragmas_bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;cache_spill=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_pragmas_bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;cell_size_check=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_pragmas_bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;checkpoint_fullfsync=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_pragmas_bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;collation_list&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;compile_options&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;data_version&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;database_list&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;defer_foreign_keys=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_pragmas_bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;encoding=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="c1"># (&#39;&quot;UTF-8&quot;&#39;, &#39;&quot;UTF-16&quot;&#39;, &#39;&quot;UTF-16le&quot;&#39;, &#39;&quot;UTF16-16be&quot;&#39;),</span>
+        <span class="c1"># too hard to get &quot; to be part of token just in this special case</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;foreign_key_check&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;foreign_key_list(&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;foreign_keys&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_pragmas_bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;freelist_count&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;fullfsync=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_pragmas_bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;ignore_check_constraints&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_pragmas_bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;incremental_vacuum(&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;index_info(&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;index_list(&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;index_xinfo(&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;integrity_check&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;journal_mode=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;DELETE&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;TRUNCATE&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;PERSIST&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;MEMORY&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;OFF&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;WAL&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;journal_size_limit=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;legacy_file_format=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_pragmas_bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;locking_mode=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;NORMAL&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;EXCLUSIVE&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;max_page_count=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;mmap_size=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;optimize(&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;page_count;&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;page_size=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;query_only=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_pragmas_bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;quick_check&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;read_uncommitted=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_pragmas_bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;recursive_triggers=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_pragmas_bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;reverse_unordered_selects=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_pragmas_bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;schema_version&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;secure_delete=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_pragmas_bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;shrink_memory&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;soft_heap_limit=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;synchronous=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;OFF&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;NORMAL&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;FULL&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;table_info(&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;table_list&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;temp_store=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;DEFAULT&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;FILE&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;MEMORY&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;threads=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;user_version=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;wal_autocheckpoint=&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;wal_checkpoint&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;writable_schema&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_pragmas_bool</span><span class="p">,</span>
+    <span class="p">}</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_get_prev_tokens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="s2">&quot;Returns the tokens prior to pos end in the line&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">findall</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">r</span><span class="s1">&#39;&quot;?\w+&quot;?&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">])</span>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.complete_sql"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.complete_sql">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">complete_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">token</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">beg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Provide some completions for SQL</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        :param line: The current complete input line</span>
+<span class="sd">        :param token: The word readline is looking for matches</span>
+<span class="sd">        :param beg: Integer offset of token in line</span>
+<span class="sd">        :param end: Integer end of token in line</span>
+<span class="sd">        :return: A list of completions, or an empty list if none</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_completion_cache</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">cur</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="n">collations</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pragma collation_list&quot;</span><span class="p">)]</span>
+            <span class="n">databases</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pragma database_list&quot;</span><span class="p">)]</span>
+            <span class="n">other</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">db</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">databases</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;temp&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">master</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;sqlite_temp_master&quot;</span>
+                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="n">master</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;[</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">].sqlite_master&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">)</span>
+                <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;select * from &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">master</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">():</span>
+                    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">col</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">other</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;sqlite_&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                            <span class="n">other</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">])</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;table&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">table</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pragma [</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">].table_info([</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">])&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+                                    <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                    <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span>
+                            <span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">():</span>
+                                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">table</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">other</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                                    <span class="n">other</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">table</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
+                                <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">item</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">table</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">():</span>
+                                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">item</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">other</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                                        <span class="n">other</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                        <span class="k">except</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SQLError</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                            <span class="c1"># See https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/86</span>
+                            <span class="k">pass</span>
+                <span class="n">functions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
+                <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">cur</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pragma function_list&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                    <span class="n">narg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                    <span class="n">functions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">narg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>
+
+                <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">fmtfunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">nargs</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;()&quot;</span>
+                    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;(&quot;</span>
+
+                <span class="n">func_list</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">fmtfunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">narg</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">narg</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">()]</span>
+
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_completion_cache</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_sqlite_keywords</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">func_list</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_sqlite_special_names</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">collations</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">databases</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">other</span>
+            <span class="p">]</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_completion_cache</span><span class="p">)):</span>
+                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_completion_cache</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">()</span>
+
+        <span class="c1"># be somewhat sensible about pragmas</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="s2">&quot;pragma &quot;</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">():</span>
+            <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_get_prev_tokens</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+            <span class="c1"># pragma foo = bar</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;pragma&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="c1"># t[-2] should be a valid one</span>
+                <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_pragmas</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;=&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+                        <span class="n">vals</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_pragmas</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">vals</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+                        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;;&quot;</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">vals</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">token</span><span class="p">)]</span>
+            <span class="c1"># at equals?</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;pragma&quot;</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">endswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;=&quot;</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_pragmas</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;=&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]:</span>
+                        <span class="n">vals</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_pragmas</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">vals</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+                        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">vals</span>
+            <span class="c1"># pragma foo</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;pragma&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_pragmas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">token</span><span class="p">)]</span>
+                <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
+
+            <span class="c1"># pragma</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;pragma&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_pragmas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">())</span>
+                <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">()</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
+
+        <span class="c1"># This is currently not context sensitive (eg it doesn&#39;t look</span>
+        <span class="c1"># to see if last token was &#39;FROM&#39; and hence next should only</span>
+        <span class="c1"># be table names.  That is a SMOP like pragmas above</span>
+        <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
+        <span class="n">ut</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">token</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">upper</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">corpus</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_completion_cache</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">word</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">corpus</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">word</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">upper</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ut</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="c1"># potential match - now match case</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">word</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">token</span><span class="p">):</span>  <span class="c1"># exact</span>
+                        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">word</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                            <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">word</span><span class="p">)</span>
+                    <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">word</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">token</span><span class="p">):</span>  <span class="c1"># lower</span>
+                        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">word</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                            <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">word</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">())</span>
+                    <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">word</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">upper</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">token</span><span class="p">):</span>  <span class="c1"># upper</span>
+                        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">word</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">upper</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                            <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">word</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">upper</span><span class="p">())</span>
+                    <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="c1"># match letter by letter otherwise readline mangles what was typed in</span>
+                        <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">token</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">word</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">token</span><span class="p">):]</span>
+                        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">w</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                            <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span></div>
+
+    <span class="n">_builtin_commands</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.complete_command"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.complete_command">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">complete_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">token</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">beg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">end</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Provide some completions for dot commands</span>
+
+<span class="sd">        :param line: The current complete input line</span>
+<span class="sd">        :param token: The word readline is looking for matches</span>
+<span class="sd">        :param beg: Integer offset of token in line</span>
+<span class="sd">        :param end: Integer end of token in line</span>
+<span class="sd">        :return: A list of completions, or an empty list if none</span>
+<span class="sd">        &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_builtin_commands</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_builtin_commands</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
+                <span class="s2">&quot;.&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;command_&quot;</span><span class="p">):]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;command_&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;command_headers&quot;</span>
+            <span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">beg</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="c1"># some commands don&#39;t need a space because they take no</span>
+            <span class="c1"># params but who cares?</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_builtin_commands</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">startswith</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">token</span><span class="p">)]</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">None</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.get_resource_usage"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.get_resource_usage">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_resource_usage</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Return a dict of various numbers (ints or floats).  The</span>
+<span class="sd">        .timer command shows the difference between before and after</span>
+<span class="sd">        results of what this returns by calling :meth:`display_timing`&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">platform</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;win32&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">ctypes</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">time</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">platform</span>
+            <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">windll</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kernel32</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GetProcessTimes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">argtypes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
+                <span class="n">platform</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">architecture</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;64bit&#39;</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_int64</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_int32</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_void_p</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_void_p</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_void_p</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_void_p</span>
+            <span class="p">]</span>
+
+            <span class="c1"># All 4 out params have to be present.  FILETIME is really</span>
+            <span class="c1"># just a 64 bit quantity in 100 nanosecond granularity</span>
+            <span class="n">dummy</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_ulonglong</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="n">utime</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_ulonglong</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="n">stime</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_ulonglong</span><span class="p">()</span>
+            <span class="n">rc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">windll</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kernel32</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GetProcessTimes</span><span class="p">(</span>
+                <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">windll</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kernel32</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">GetCurrentProcess</span><span class="p">(),</span>
+                <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">byref</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dummy</span><span class="p">),</span>  <span class="c1"># creation time</span>
+                <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">byref</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dummy</span><span class="p">),</span>  <span class="c1"># exit time</span>
+                <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">byref</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stime</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                <span class="n">ctypes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">byref</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">utime</span><span class="p">))</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">rc</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+                    <span class="s1">&#39;Wall clock&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">(),</span>
+                    <span class="s1">&#39;User time&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">utime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">10000000</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                    <span class="s1">&#39;System time&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">10000000</span>
+                <span class="p">}</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">resource</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">time</span>
+            <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">resource</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getrusage</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">resource</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RUSAGE_SELF</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">&#39;Wall clock&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()}</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">desc</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+                <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;utime&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;User time&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;stime&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;System time&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;maxrss&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Max rss&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;idrss&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Memory&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;isrss&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Stack&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;ixrss&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Shared Memory&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;minflt&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;PF (no I/O)&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;majflt&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;PF (I/O)&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;inblock&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Blocks in&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;oublock&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Blocks out&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;nsignals&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Signals&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;nvcsw&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Voluntary context switches&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;nivcsw&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Involunary context switches&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;msgrcv&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Messages received&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;msgsnd&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Messages sent&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+                <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;nswap&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Swaps&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+            <span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;ru_&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">i</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">hasattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                    <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">desc</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span></div>
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="Shell.display_timing"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.Shell.display_timing">[docs]</a>    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">display_timing</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">after</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Writes the difference between b4 and after to self.stderr.</span>
+<span class="sd">        The data is dictionaries returned from</span>
+<span class="sd">        :meth:`get_resource_usage`.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+        <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b4</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">())</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">after</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">v</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="n">v</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">b4</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">after</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="n">one</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">b4</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                <span class="n">two</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">after</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">]</span>
+                <span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">two</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">one</span>
+                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;+ </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">: </span><span class="si">%.4f</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">))</span>
+                    <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;+ </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">: </span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">))</span></div>
+
+    <span class="c1">### Colour support</span>
+
+    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_out_colour</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+        <span class="c1"># Sets up color for output.  Input being interactive doesn&#39;t</span>
+        <span class="c1"># matter.  This method needs to be called on all changes to</span>
+        <span class="c1"># output.</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;isatty&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isatty</span><span class="p">():</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_colours</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour_scheme</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_colours</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;off&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
+
+    <span class="c1"># This class returns an empty string for all undefined attributes</span>
+    <span class="c1"># so that it doesn&#39;t matter if a colour scheme leaves something</span>
+    <span class="c1"># out.</span>
+    <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">_colourscheme</span><span class="p">:</span>
+
+        <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
+                <span class="nb">setattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+        <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__nonzero__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
+
+        <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__str__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;_colourscheme(&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__dict__</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;)&quot;</span>
+
+        <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__getattr__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span>
+
+        <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">colour_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">formatted</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">colour</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">val</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vnull</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">formatted</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vnull_</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Shell</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_basestring</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vstring</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">formatted</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vstring_</span>
+            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Shell</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_binary_type</span><span class="p">):</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vblob</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">formatted</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vblob_</span>
+            <span class="c1"># must be a number - we don&#39;t distinguish between float/int</span>
+            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vnumber</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">formatted</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vnumber_</span>
+
+    <span class="c1"># The colour definitions - the convention is the name to turn</span>
+    <span class="c1"># something on and the name with an underscore suffix to turn it</span>
+    <span class="c1"># off</span>
+    <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_colourscheme</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">([(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\x1b</span><span class="s2">[&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;m&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+        <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;reset&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;bold&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;underline&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">22</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;bold_&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">24</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;underline_&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;inverse&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">27</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;inverse_&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;fg_black&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">31</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;fg_red&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;fg_green&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">33</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;fg_yellow&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">34</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;fg_blue&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">35</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;fg_magenta&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">36</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;fg_cyan&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">37</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;fg_white&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">39</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;fg_&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;bg_black&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">41</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;bg_red&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;bg_green&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">43</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;bg_yellow&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">44</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;bg_blue&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">45</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;bg_magenta&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">46</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;bg_cyan&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">47</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;bg_white&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="mi">49</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;bg_&quot;</span>
+    <span class="p">}</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">()]))</span>
+
+    <span class="n">_colours</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;off&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_colourscheme</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">colour_value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)}</span>
+
+    <span class="n">_colours</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;default&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_colourscheme</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prompt</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bold</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                        <span class="n">prompt_</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bold_</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                        <span class="n">error</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fg_red</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bold</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                        <span class="n">error_</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bold_</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fg_</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                        <span class="n">intro</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fg_blue</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bold</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                        <span class="n">intro_</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bold_</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fg_</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                        <span class="n">summary</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fg_blue</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bold</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                        <span class="n">summary_</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bold_</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fg_</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                        <span class="n">header</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">underline</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                        <span class="n">header_</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">underline_</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                        <span class="n">vnull</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fg_red</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                        <span class="n">vnull_</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fg_</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                        <span class="n">vstring</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fg_yellow</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                        <span class="n">vstring_</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fg_</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                        <span class="n">vblob</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fg_blue</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                        <span class="n">vblob_</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fg_</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                        <span class="n">vnumber</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fg_magenta</span><span class="p">,</span>
+                                        <span class="n">vnumber_</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fg_</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="c1"># unpollute namespace</span>
+    <span class="k">del</span> <span class="n">d</span>
+    <span class="k">del</span> <span class="n">_colourscheme</span>
+    <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="k">del</span> <span class="n">n</span>
+        <span class="k">del</span> <span class="n">x</span>
+        <span class="k">del</span> <span class="n">v</span>
+    <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="k">pass</span></div>
+
+
+<div class="viewcode-block" id="main"><a class="viewcode-back" href="../../shell.html#apsw.shell.main">[docs]</a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="c1"># Docstring must start on second line so dedenting works correctly</span>
+    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+<span class="sd">    Call this to run the :ref:`interactive shell &lt;shell&gt;`.  It</span>
+<span class="sd">    automatically passes in sys.argv[1:] and exits Python when done.</span>
+
+<span class="sd">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+    <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Shell</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cmds</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">process_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:])</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmds</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cmdloop</span><span class="p">()</span>
+    <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span>
+        <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exc_info</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ne">SystemExit</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">raise</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;_handle_exception_saw_this&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">):</span>
+            <span class="k">pass</span>
+        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
+            <span class="c1"># Where did this exception come from?</span>
+            <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">traceback</span>
+            <span class="n">traceback</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">print_exc</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span></div>
+
+
+<span class="k">if</span> <span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;__main__&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span>
+    <span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+            <div class="clearer"></div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
+        <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
+<div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search">
+  <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>
+    <div class="searchformwrapper">
+    <form class="search" action="../../search.html" method="get">
+      <input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"/>
+      <input type="submit" value="Go" />
+    </form>
+    </div>
+</div>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="clearer"></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
+      <h3>Navigation</h3>
+      <ul>
+        <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
+          <a href="../../genindex.html" title="General Index"
+             >index</a></li>
+        <li class="right" >
+          <a href="../../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
+             >modules</a> |</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="../../index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+          <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="../index.html" >Module code</a> &#187;</li>
+          <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="../apsw.html" >apsw</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">apsw.shell</a></li> 
+      </ul>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
+        &#169; <a href="../../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
+    </div>
+<div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
+Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
+the JavaScript coming from www.google-analytics.com.
+<script type="text/javascript">
+  (function() {
+    var ga = document.createElement('script');
+    ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ?
+              'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
+    ga.setAttribute('async', 'true');
+    document.documentElement.firstChild.appendChild(ga);
+  })();
+</script>
+</div>
+
+  </body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_modules/index.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_modules/index.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_modules/index.html	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_modules/index.html	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+    <title>Overview: module code &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/classic.css" />
+    
+    <script data-url_root="../" id="documentation_options" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
+    <script src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+    <script src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="../_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
+    <script src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="../_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
+    
+    <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" />
+    <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" />
+    <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" />
+ 
+<script type="text/javascript">
+  var _gaq = _gaq || [];
+  _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-26815066-1']);
+  _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
+</script>
+
+  </head><body>
+    <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
+      <h3>Navigation</h3>
+      <ul>
+        <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
+          <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
+             accesskey="I">index</a></li>
+        <li class="right" >
+          <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
+             >modules</a> |</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="../index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Overview: module code</a></li> 
+      </ul>
+    </div>  
+
+    <div class="document">
+      <div class="documentwrapper">
+        <div class="bodywrapper">
+          <div class="body" role="main">
+            
+  <h1>All modules for which code is available</h1>
+<ul><li><a href="apsw.html">apsw</a></li>
+<ul><li><a href="apsw/ext.html">apsw.ext</a></li>
+<li><a href="apsw/shell.html">apsw.shell</a></li>
+</ul></ul>
+
+            <div class="clearer"></div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
+        <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
+<div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search">
+  <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>
+    <div class="searchformwrapper">
+    <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get">
+      <input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"/>
+      <input type="submit" value="Go" />
+    </form>
+    </div>
+</div>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="clearer"></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
+      <h3>Navigation</h3>
+      <ul>
+        <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
+          <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
+             >index</a></li>
+        <li class="right" >
+          <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
+             >modules</a> |</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="../index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Overview: module code</a></li> 
+      </ul>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
+        &#169; <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
+    </div>
+<div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
+Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
+the JavaScript coming from www.google-analytics.com.
+<script type="text/javascript">
+  (function() {
+    var ga = document.createElement('script');
+    ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ?
+              'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
+    ga.setAttribute('async', 'true');
+    document.documentElement.firstChild.appendChild(ga);
+  })();
+</script>
+</div>
+
+  </body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
Binary files /tmp/tmp6vk4yjaz/6tibhmBf2x/python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/objects.inv and /tmp/tmp6vk4yjaz/3BMOu1Vo8E/python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/objects.inv differ
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/py-modindex.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/py-modindex.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/py-modindex.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/py-modindex.html	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-    <title>Python Module Index &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Python Module Index &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -26,10 +28,6 @@
 </script>
 
 
-    <script>
-      DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX = true;
-    </script>
-
 
   </head><body>
     <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
@@ -41,7 +39,7 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="#" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Python Module Index</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -63,10 +61,21 @@
      <tr class="cap" id="cap-a"><td></td><td>
        <strong>a</strong></td><td></td></tr>
      <tr>
-       <td></td>
+       <td><img src="_static/minus.png" class="toggler"
+              id="toggle-1" style="display: none" alt="-" /></td>
        <td>
        <a href="apsw.html#module-apsw"><code class="xref">apsw</code></a></td><td>
        <em>Python access to SQLite database library</em></td></tr>
+     <tr class="cg-1">
+       <td></td>
+       <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;
+       <a href="ext.html#module-apsw.ext"><code class="xref">apsw.ext</code></a></td><td>
+       <em></em></td></tr>
+     <tr class="cg-1">
+       <td></td>
+       <td>&#160;&#160;&#160;
+       <a href="shell.html#module-apsw.shell"><code class="xref">apsw.shell</code></a></td><td>
+       <em></em></td></tr>
    </table>
 
 
@@ -85,7 +94,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -99,15 +108,15 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="#" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Python Module Index</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/pysqlite.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/pysqlite.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/pysqlite.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/pysqlite.html	2022-11-27 14:16:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>pysqlite differences &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>sqlite3 module differences &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -43,8 +45,8 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="dbapi.html" title="DBAPI notes"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">pysqlite differences</a></li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">sqlite3 module differences</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
 
@@ -53,8 +55,8 @@
         <div class="bodywrapper">
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
-  <section id="pysqlite-differences">
-<span id="pysqlitediffs"></span><h1>pysqlite differences<a class="headerlink" href="#pysqlite-differences" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+  <section id="sqlite3-module-differences">
+<span id="pysqlitediffs"></span><h1>sqlite3 module differences<a class="headerlink" href="#sqlite3-module-differences" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p>The <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html">sqlite3</a>
 standard module and APSW approached the problem of providing access
 to SQLite from Python from fundamentally different directions.</p>
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@
 needs are simple, and you don’t want to use SQLite features.</p>
 </div>
 <section id="what-apsw-does-better">
-<h2>What APSW does better<a class="headerlink" href="#what-apsw-does-better" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>What APSW does better<a class="headerlink" href="#what-apsw-does-better" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>APSW has the following enhancements/differences over the sqlite3
 module:</p>
 <ul>
@@ -86,11 +88,9 @@
 used in the same thread.  You can disable its checking, but unless
 you are very careful with your own mutexes you will have a crash or
 a deadlock.</p></li>
-<li><p>APSW is a single file for the extension, <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.pyd</span></code> on Windows
-and <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.so</span></code> on Unix/Mac (Note <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3149"><strong>PEP 3149</strong></a>). There are no
-other files needed and the <a class="reference internal" href="build.html#building"><span class="std std-ref">build instructions</span></a> show
-you how to include SQLite statically in this file. You can put this
-file anywhere your Python session can reach.</p></li>
+<li><p>APSW <a class="reference internal" href="build.html#building"><span class="std std-ref">build instructions</span></a> show you how to include
+SQLite statically in the extension, avoiding a dependency on system
+SQLite.</p></li>
 <li><p><strong>Nothing</strong> happens behind your back. By default sqlite3 tries to
 manage transactions (for DBAPI compliance) by parsing your SQL for
 you, but you can turn it off. This can result in very unexpected
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
 </li>
 <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.executemany" title="apsw.Cursor.executemany"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.executemany()</span></code></a> also works with statements that return
 data such as selects, and you can have multiple statements.
-sqlite3’s <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">executescript()</span></code> method doesn’t allow any form of
+sqlite3’s <em>executescript</em> method doesn’t allow any form of
 data being returned (it silently ignores any returned data).</p></li>
 <li><p>sqlite3 swallows exceptions in your callbacks making it far harder
 to debug problems. That also prevents you from raising exceptions in
@@ -176,12 +176,9 @@
 <li><p>APSW has significantly enhanced debuggability. More details are
 available than just what is printed out when exceptions happen like
 above. See <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#augmentedstacktraces"><span class="std std-ref">augmented stack traces</span></a></p></li>
-<li><p>APSW has <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#tracing"><span class="std std-ref">execution and row tracers</span></a>.  sqlite3 has no
-equivalent to <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#executiontracer"><span class="std std-ref">execution tracers</span></a> and does
-have data adaptors which aren’t the same thing as a <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#rowtracer"><span class="std std-ref">row tracer</span></a> (for example you can’t skip rows or add a new column to
-each row returned).  sqlite3 does have a <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html?highlight=sqlite#accessing-columns-by-name-instead-of-by-index">row factory</a>
-but you can easily emulate that with the row tracer and
-<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.getdescription" title="apsw.Cursor.getdescription"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.getdescription()</span></code></a>.</p></li>
+<li><p>APSW has better <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#tracing"><span class="std std-ref">execution and row tracing</span></a>.
+<a class="reference internal" href="ext.html"><span class="doc">Various interesting and useful bits of functionality</span></a> provides accessing rows by column name, type conversion,
+getting query details etc.</p></li>
 <li><p>APSW has an <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#apswtrace"><span class="std std-ref">apswtrace</span></a> utility script that traces
 execution and results in your code without having to modify it in
 any way.  It also outputs summary reports making it easy to see what
@@ -204,16 +201,10 @@
 </ul>
 </section>
 <section id="what-sqlite3-does-better">
-<h2>What sqlite3 does better<a class="headerlink" href="#what-sqlite3-does-better" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>What sqlite3 does better<a class="headerlink" href="#what-sqlite3-does-better" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <ul class="simple">
-<li><p>sqlite3 has an <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html?highlight=sqlite#converting-sqlite-values-to-custom-python-types">adaptor system</a>
-that lets you pretend SQLite stores and returns more types than it
-really supports.  Note that the database won’t be useful in a
-non-sqlite3 context (eg PHP code looking at the same database isn’t
-going to recognise your Point class).  You can implement something
-similar in APSW by intercepting <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.execute()</span></code></a> calls that
-suitably mangles the bindings going to SQLite and does something
-similar to the rows the iterator returns.</p></li>
+<li><p>sqlite3 is part of the standard library, and is widely supported by
+libraries that abstract away the database layer</p></li>
 </ul>
 </section>
 </section>
@@ -225,21 +216,27 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">pysqlite differences</a><ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">sqlite3 module differences</a><ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-apsw-does-better">What APSW does better</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-sqlite3-does-better">What sqlite3 does better</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
 
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="dbapi.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">DBAPI notes</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="benchmarking.html"
-                        title="next chapter">Benchmarking</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="dbapi.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">DBAPI notes</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="benchmarking.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Benchmarking</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -256,7 +253,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -276,15 +273,15 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="dbapi.html" title="DBAPI notes"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">pysqlite differences</a></li> 
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">sqlite3 module differences</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/search.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/search.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/search.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/search.html	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-    <title>Search &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Search &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <script src="_static/searchtools.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/language_data.js"></script>
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Search</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -100,15 +102,15 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Search</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/searchindex.js python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/searchindex.js
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/searchindex.js	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/searchindex.js	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
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"sqlite3_column_origin_name": [[8, "index-0"]], "sqlite3_column_table_name": [[8, "index-0"]], "sqlite3_expanded_sql": [[8, "index-2"]], "sqlite3_prepare_v3": [[8, "index-1"]], "sqlite3_step": [[8, "index-1"]], "sqlite3_stmt_isexplain": [[8, "index-4"]], "sqlite3_stmt_readonly": [[8, "index-5"]], "pep 249": [[9, "index-0"], [16, "index-0"]], "accessing results by column name (example code)": [[11, "index-14"]], "authorizer (control what sql can do) (example code)": [[11, "index-18"]], "backup an open database (example code)": [[11, "index-25"]], "bindings (dict) (example code)": [[11, "index-5"]], "bindings (sequence) (example code)": [[11, "index-4"]], "blob i/o (example code)": [[11, "index-17"]], "checking apsw and sqlite versions (example code)": [[11, "index-0"]], "cleanup (example code)": [[11, "index-28"]], "commit hook (example code)": [[11, "index-20"]], "defining aggregate functions (example code)": [[11, "index-12"]], "defining collations (sorting) (example code)": [[11, "index-13"]], "defining your own functions (example code)": [[11, "index-11"]], "executing sql (example code)": [[11, "index-2"]], "limits (example code)": [[11, "index-24"]], "opening the database (example code)": [[11, "index-1"]], "progress handler (example code)": [[11, "index-19"]], "query details (example code)": [[11, "index-16"]], "shell (example code)": [[11, "index-26"]], "statistics (example code)": [[11, "index-27"]], "tracing execution (example code)": [[11, "index-9"]], "tracing returned rows (example code)": [[11, "index-10"]], "transactions (example code)": [[11, "index-7"]], "type conversion into/out of database (example code)": [[11, "index-15"]], "update hook (example code)": [[11, "index-21"]], "using different types (example code)": [[11, "index-6"]], "vfs - virtual file system (example code)": [[11, "index-23"]], "virtual tables (example code)": [[11, "index-22"]], "why you use bindings to provide values (example code)": [[11, "index-3"]], "executemany (example 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"apsw.IncompleteExecutionError"]], "internalerror": [[12, "apsw.InternalError"]], "interrupterror": [[12, "apsw.InterruptError"]], "lockederror": [[12, "apsw.LockedError"]], "mismatcherror": [[12, "apsw.MismatchError"]], "misuseerror": [[12, "apsw.MisuseError"]], "nolfserror": [[12, "apsw.NoLFSError"]], "nomemerror": [[12, "apsw.NoMemError"]], "notadberror": [[12, "apsw.NotADBError"]], "notfounderror": [[12, "apsw.NotFoundError"]], "permissionserror": [[12, "apsw.PermissionsError"]], "protocolerror": [[12, "apsw.ProtocolError"]], "rangeerror": [[12, "apsw.RangeError"]], "readonlyerror": [[12, "apsw.ReadOnlyError"]], "sqlerror": [[12, "apsw.SQLError"]], "schemachangeerror": [[12, "apsw.SchemaChangeError"]], "threadingviolationerror": [[12, "apsw.ThreadingViolationError"]], "toobigerror": [[12, "apsw.TooBigError"]], "vfsfileclosederror": [[12, "apsw.VFSFileClosedError"]], "vfsnotimplementederror": [[12, "apsw.VFSNotImplementedError"]], "extendedresult (error attribute)": [[12, "apsw.Error.extendedresult"]], "result (error attribute)": [[12, "apsw.Error.result"]], "dataclassrowfactory (class in apsw.ext)": [[14, "apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory"]], "queryaction (class in apsw.ext)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryAction"]], "querydetails (class in apsw.ext)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryDetails"]], "queryplan (class in apsw.ext)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryPlan"]], "sqlitetypeadapter (class in apsw.ext)": [[14, "apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter"]], "typesconvertercursorfactory (class in apsw.ext)": [[14, "apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory"]], "typesconvertercursorfactory.dictadapter (class in apsw.ext)": [[14, "apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.DictAdapter"]], "typesconvertercursorfactory.typeconvertercursor (class in apsw.ext)": [[14, "apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor"]], "vdbeinstruction (class in apsw.ext)": [[14, "apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction"]], "__call__() (dataclassrowfactory method)": [[14, "apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.__call__"]], "__call__() (typesconvertercursorfactory method)": [[14, "apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.__call__"]], "action (queryaction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryAction.action"]], "action_name (queryaction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryAction.action_name"]], "actions (querydetails attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryDetails.actions"]], "adapt_value() (typesconvertercursorfactory method)": [[14, "apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.adapt_value"]], "addr (vdbeinstruction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.addr"]], "apsw.ext": [[14, "module-apsw.ext"]], "bindings (querydetails attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryDetails.bindings"]], "column_name (queryaction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryAction.column_name"]], "comment (vdbeinstruction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.comment"]], "convert_value() (typesconvertercursorfactory method)": [[14, "apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.convert_value"]], "database_name (queryaction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryAction.database_name"]], "description (querydetails attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryDetails.description"]], "description_full (querydetails attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryDetails.description_full"]], "detail (queryplan attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryPlan.detail"]], "execute() (typesconvertercursorfactory.typeconvertercursor method)": [[14, "apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.execute"]], "executemany() (typesconvertercursorfactory.typeconvertercursor method)": [[14, "apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.TypeConverterCursor.executemany"]], "expanded_sql (querydetails attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryDetails.expanded_sql"]], "explain (querydetails attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryDetails.explain"]], "file_name (queryaction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryAction.file_name"]], "first_query (querydetails attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryDetails.first_query"]], "function_name (queryaction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryAction.function_name"]], "get_dataclass() (dataclassrowfactory method)": [[14, "apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.get_dataclass"]], "get_type() (dataclassrowfactory method)": [[14, "apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory.get_type"]], "is_explain (querydetails attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryDetails.is_explain"]], "is_readonly (querydetails attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryDetails.is_readonly"]], "module_name (queryaction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryAction.module_name"]], "opcode (vdbeinstruction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.opcode"]], "operation (queryaction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryAction.operation"]], "p1 (vdbeinstruction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p1"]], "p2 (vdbeinstruction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p2"]], "p3 (vdbeinstruction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p3"]], "p4 (vdbeinstruction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p4"]], "p5 (vdbeinstruction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.VDBEInstruction.p5"]], "pragma_name (queryaction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryAction.pragma_name"]], "pragma_value (queryaction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryAction.pragma_value"]], "query (querydetails attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryDetails.query"]], "query_info() (in module apsw.ext)": [[14, "apsw.ext.query_info"]], "query_plan (querydetails attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryDetails.query_plan"]], "query_remaining (querydetails attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryDetails.query_remaining"]], "register_adapter() (typesconvertercursorfactory method)": [[14, "apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_adapter"]], "register_converter() (typesconvertercursorfactory method)": [[14, "apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_converter"]], "sub (queryplan attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryPlan.sub"]], "table_name (queryaction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryAction.table_name"]], "to_sqlite_value() (sqlitetypeadapter method)": [[14, "apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter.to_sqlite_value"]], "trigger_name (queryaction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryAction.trigger_name"]], "trigger_or_view (queryaction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryAction.trigger_or_view"]], "view_name (queryaction attribute)": [[14, "apsw.ext.QueryAction.view_name"]], "wrap_bindings() (typesconvertercursorfactory method)": [[14, "apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_bindings"]], "wrap_sequence_bindings() (typesconvertercursorfactory method)": [[14, "apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory.wrap_sequence_bindings"]], "shell (class in apsw.shell)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell"]], "shell.error": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.Error"]], "apsw.shell": [[18, "module-apsw.shell"]], "cmdloop() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.cmdloop"]], "complete() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.complete"]], "complete_command() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.complete_command"]], "complete_sql() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.complete_sql"]], "db (shell property)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.db"]], "display_timing() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.display_timing"]], "fixup_backslashes() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.fixup_backslashes"]], "get_resource_usage() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.get_resource_usage"]], "getcompleteline() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.getcompleteline"]], "getline() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.getline"]], "handle_exception() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.handle_exception"]], "handle_interrupt() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.handle_interrupt"]], "main() (in module apsw.shell)": [[18, "apsw.shell.main"]], "pop_input() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.pop_input"]], "pop_output() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.pop_output"]], "process_args() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.process_args"]], "process_command() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.process_command"]], "process_complete_line() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.process_complete_line"]], "process_sql() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.process_sql"]], "process_unknown_args() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.process_unknown_args"]], "push_input() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.push_input"]], "push_output() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.push_output"]], "set_encoding() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.set_encoding"]], "usage() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.usage"]], "write() (shell method)": [[18, "apsw.shell.Shell.write"]], "urifilename (class in apsw)": [[21, "apsw.URIFilename"]], "vfs (class in apsw)": [[21, "apsw.VFS"]], "vfsfile (class in apsw)": [[21, "apsw.VFSFile"]], "excepthook() (vfs method)": [[21, "apsw.VFS.excepthook"]], "excepthook() (vfsfile method)": [[21, "apsw.VFSFile.excepthook"]], "filename() (urifilename method)": [[21, "apsw.URIFilename.filename"]], "sqlite3_uri_boolean": [[21, "index-2"]], "sqlite3_uri_int64": [[21, "index-3"]], "sqlite3_uri_parameter": [[21, "index-4"]], "sqlite3_vfs_find": [[21, "index-0"]], "sqlite3_vfs_register": [[21, "index-0"]], "sqlite3_vfs_unregister": [[21, "index-1"]], "unregister() (vfs method)": [[21, "apsw.VFS.unregister"]], "uri_boolean() (urifilename method)": [[21, "apsw.URIFilename.uri_boolean"]], "uri_int() (urifilename method)": [[21, "apsw.URIFilename.uri_int"]], "uri_parameter() (urifilename method)": [[21, "apsw.URIFilename.uri_parameter"]], "xaccess() (vfs method)": [[21, "apsw.VFS.xAccess"]], "xcheckreservedlock() (vfsfile method)": [[21, "apsw.VFSFile.xCheckReservedLock"]], "xclose() (vfsfile method)": [[21, "apsw.VFSFile.xClose"]], "xcurrenttime() (vfs method)": [[21, "apsw.VFS.xCurrentTime"]], "xdelete() (vfs method)": [[21, "apsw.VFS.xDelete"]], "xdevicecharacteristics() (vfsfile method)": [[21, "apsw.VFSFile.xDeviceCharacteristics"]], "xdlclose() (vfs method)": [[21, "apsw.VFS.xDlClose"]], "xdlerror() (vfs method)": [[21, "apsw.VFS.xDlError"]], "xdlopen() (vfs method)": [[21, "apsw.VFS.xDlOpen"]], "xdlsym() (vfs method)": [[21, "apsw.VFS.xDlSym"]], "xfilecontrol() (vfsfile method)": [[21, "apsw.VFSFile.xFileControl"]], "xfilesize() (vfsfile method)": [[21, "apsw.VFSFile.xFileSize"]], "xfullpathname() (vfs method)": [[21, "apsw.VFS.xFullPathname"]], "xgetlasterror() (vfs method)": [[21, "apsw.VFS.xGetLastError"]], "xgetsystemcall() (vfs method)": [[21, "apsw.VFS.xGetSystemCall"]], "xlock() (vfsfile method)": [[21, "apsw.VFSFile.xLock"]], "xnextsystemcall() (vfs method)": [[21, "apsw.VFS.xNextSystemCall"]], "xopen() (vfs method)": [[21, "apsw.VFS.xOpen"]], "xrandomness() (vfs method)": [[21, "apsw.VFS.xRandomness"]], "xread() (vfsfile method)": [[21, "apsw.VFSFile.xRead"]], "xsectorsize() (vfsfile method)": [[21, "apsw.VFSFile.xSectorSize"]], "xsetsystemcall() (vfs method)": [[21, "apsw.VFS.xSetSystemCall"]], "xsleep() (vfs method)": [[21, "apsw.VFS.xSleep"]], "xsync() (vfsfile method)": [[21, "apsw.VFSFile.xSync"]], "xtruncate() (vfsfile method)": [[21, "apsw.VFSFile.xTruncate"]], "xunlock() (vfsfile method)": [[21, "apsw.VFSFile.xUnlock"]], "xwrite() (vfsfile method)": [[21, "apsw.VFSFile.xWrite"]], "begin() (vttable method)": [[22, "apsw.VTTable.Begin"]], "bestindex() (vttable method)": [[22, "apsw.VTTable.BestIndex"]], "close() (vtcursor method)": [[22, "apsw.VTCursor.Close"]], "column() (vtcursor method)": [[22, "apsw.VTCursor.Column"]], "commit() (vttable method)": [[22, "apsw.VTTable.Commit"]], "connect() (vtmodule method)": [[22, "apsw.VTModule.Connect"]], "create() (vtmodule method)": [[22, "apsw.VTModule.Create"]], "destroy() (vttable method)": [[22, "apsw.VTTable.Destroy"]], "disconnect() (vttable method)": [[22, "apsw.VTTable.Disconnect"]], "eof() (vtcursor method)": [[22, "apsw.VTCursor.Eof"]], "filter() (vtcursor method)": [[22, "apsw.VTCursor.Filter"]], "findfunction() (vttable method)": [[22, "apsw.VTTable.FindFunction"]], "next() (vtcursor method)": [[22, "apsw.VTCursor.Next"]], "open() (vttable method)": [[22, "apsw.VTTable.Open"]], "rename() (vttable method)": [[22, "apsw.VTTable.Rename"]], "rollback() (vttable method)": [[22, "apsw.VTTable.Rollback"]], "rowid() (vtcursor method)": [[22, "apsw.VTCursor.Rowid"]], "sync() (vttable method)": [[22, "apsw.VTTable.Sync"]], "updatechangerow() (vttable method)": [[22, "apsw.VTTable.UpdateChangeRow"]], "updatedeleterow() (vttable method)": [[22, "apsw.VTTable.UpdateDeleteRow"]], "updateinsertrow() (vttable method)": [[22, "apsw.VTTable.UpdateInsertRow"]], "vtcursor (class in apsw)": [[22, "apsw.VTCursor"]], "vtmodule (class in apsw)": [[22, "apsw.VTModule"]], "vttable (class in apsw)": [[22, "apsw.VTTable"]]}})
\ No newline at end of file
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/shell.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/shell.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/shell.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/shell.html	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>Shell &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Shell &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
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+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
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+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
     <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="copyright.html" />
-    <link rel="next" title="Exceptions" href="exceptions.html" />
+    <link rel="next" title="Various interesting and useful bits of functionality" href="ext.html" />
     <link rel="prev" title="Virtual File System (VFS)" href="vfs.html" />
  
 <script type="text/javascript">
@@ -38,12 +40,12 @@
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
-          <a href="exceptions.html" title="Exceptions"
+          <a href="ext.html" title="Various interesting and useful bits of functionality"
              accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="vfs.html" title="Virtual File System (VFS)"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Shell</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,18 +56,30 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="shell">
-<span id="id1"></span><h1>Shell<a class="headerlink" href="#shell" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<span id="id1"></span><h1>Shell<a class="headerlink" href="#shell" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p>The shell provides a convenient way for you to interact with SQLite,
 perform administration and supply SQL for execution.  It is modelled
-after the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/sqlite.html">shell that comes with SQLite</a> which requires separate
+after the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/cli.html">shell that comes with SQLite</a> which requires separate
 compilation and installation.</p>
 <p>A number of the quirks and bugs in the SQLite shell are also
 addressed.  It provides command line editing and completion.  You can
 easily include it into your own program to provide SQLite interaction
 and add your own commands.  The autoimport and find commands are also
 useful.</p>
+<section id="notes">
+<h2>Notes<a class="headerlink" href="#notes" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>To interrupt the shell press Control-C. (On Windows if you press
+Control-Break then the program will be instantly aborted.)</p>
+<p>For Windows users you won’t have command line editing and completion
+unless you install a <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library/readline.html">readline module</a>. You can pip install
+<a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/pyreadline3/">pyreadline3</a> to get full
+functionality.</p>
+<p>For Windows users, the builtin console support for colour is used.  It
+is enabled by default in current versions of Windows, and a registry
+key enables for older versions <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/kiedtl/winfetch/wiki/ANSI-Colors">(details)</a>.</p>
+</section>
 <section id="commands">
-<h2>Commands<a class="headerlink" href="#commands" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Commands<a class="headerlink" href="#commands" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>In addition to executing SQL, these are the commands available with
 their short help description.  Use <cite>.help *command*</cite> eg (<cite>.help
 autoimport</cite>) to get more detailed information.</p>
@@ -119,10 +133,10 @@
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="command-line-usage">
-<h2>Command Line Usage<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-usage" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Command Line Usage<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-usage" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>You can use the shell directly from the command line.  Invoke it like
 this:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ python -c &quot;import apsw;apsw.main()&quot;  [options and arguments]
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ python3 -m apsw  [options and arguments]
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>The following command line options are accepted:</p>
@@ -151,20 +165,8 @@
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
-<section id="notes">
-<h2>Notes<a class="headerlink" href="#notes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>To interrupt the shell press Control-C. (On Windows if you press
-Control-Break then the program will be instantly aborted.)</p>
-<p>For Windows users you won’t have command line editing and completion
-unless you install a <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library/readline.html">readline module</a>.  Fortunately there
-is one at <a class="reference external" href="https://ipython.org/pyreadline.html">https://ipython.org/pyreadline.html</a> which works.
-However if this <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Shell" title="apsw.Shell"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell</span></code></a> offers no completions it will start
-matching filenames even if they make no sense in the context.</p>
-<p>For Windows users you won’t get colour output unless you install
-<a class="reference external" href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/colorama">colorama</a></p>
-</section>
 <section id="example">
-<h2>Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>All examples of using the SQLite shell should work as is, plus you get
 extra features and functionality like colour, command line completion
 and better dumps.  (The standard SQLite shell does have several more Commands
@@ -173,7 +175,7 @@
 programmatically at the same time).  See the <a class="reference internal" href="example.html#example-shell"><span class="std std-ref">example</span></a> for using the API.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="unicode">
-<h2>Unicode<a class="headerlink" href="#unicode" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Unicode<a class="headerlink" href="#unicode" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>SQLite only works with <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode">Unicode</a> strings.  All data supplied
 to it should be Unicode and all data retrieved is Unicode.  (APSW
 functions the same way because of this.)</p>
@@ -186,12 +188,8 @@
 Unicode.)</p>
 <p>If the shell reads data that is not valid for the input encoding or
 cannot convert Unicode to the output encoding then you will get an
-error.</p>
-<p>When the shell starts, Python automatically detects the encodings to
-use for console input and output.  (For example on Unix like systems
-the LC_CTYPE environment variable is sometimes used.  On Windows it
-can find out the <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page">code page</a>.)  You can override this
-autodetection by setting the PYTHONIOENCODING environment variable.</p>
+error.  When the shell starts, Python automatically detects the
+encodings to use for console input and output.</p>
 <p>There is also a .encoding command.  This sets what encoding is used
 for any subsequent .read, .import and .output commands but does not
 affect existing open files and console.  When other programs offer you
@@ -211,7 +209,7 @@
 excellent overview of character sets, code pages and Unicode.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="shell-class">
-<h2>Shell class<a class="headerlink" href="#shell-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Shell class<a class="headerlink" href="#shell-class" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>This is the API should you want to integrate the code into your shell.
 Not shown here are the functions that implement various commands.
 They are named after the command.  For example .exit is implemented by
@@ -225,9 +223,9 @@
 <strong>.read</strong> command supplying a filename with a <strong>.py</strong> extension.  You
 can then <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey_patch">monkey patch</a>
 the shell as needed.</p>
-<dl class="py class">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell">
-<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Shell</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">stdin</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">TextIO</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">stdout</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">stderr</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">encoding</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'utf8'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">db</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="target" id="module-apsw.shell"></span><dl class="py class">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Shell</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">stdin</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Optional" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">Optional</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.TextIO" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">TextIO</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">stdout</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">stderr</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">encoding</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'utf8'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">db</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Implements a SQLite shell</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
@@ -241,7 +239,7 @@
 <li><p><strong>args</strong> – This should be program arguments only (ie if
 passing in sys.argv do not include sys.argv[0] which is the
 program name.  You can also pass in None and then call
-<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Shell.process_args" title="apsw.Shell.process_args"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">process_args()</span></code></a> if you want to catch any errors
+<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.process_args" title="apsw.shell.Shell.process_args"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">process_args()</span></code></a> if you want to catch any errors
 in handling the arguments yourself.</p></li>
 <li><p><strong>db</strong> – A existing <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> you wish to use</p></li>
 </ul>
@@ -273,8 +271,8 @@
 threads.  ie it doesn’t care what thread calls methods as long as
 you don’t call more than one concurrently.</p>
 <dl class="py exception">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.Error">
-<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Error</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.Error" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.Error">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Error</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.Error"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.Error" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Class raised on errors.  The expectation is that the error
 will be displayed by the shell as text so there are no
 specific subclasses as the distinctions between different
@@ -282,8 +280,8 @@
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.cmdloop">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">cmdloop</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">intro</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.cmdloop" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.cmdloop">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">cmdloop</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">intro</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.cmdloop"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.cmdloop" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Runs the main interactive command loop.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
@@ -294,22 +292,22 @@
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.complete">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">complete</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">token</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">state</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.complete" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.complete">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">complete</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">token</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">state</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.complete"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.complete" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Return a possible completion for readline</p>
 <p>This function is called with state starting at zero to get the
 first completion, then one/two/three etc until you return None.  The best
 implementation is to generate the list when state==0, save it,
 and provide members on each increase.</p>
 <p>The default implementation extracts the current full input
-from readline and then calls <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Shell.complete_command" title="apsw.Shell.complete_command"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">complete_command()</span></code></a> or
-<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Shell.complete_sql" title="apsw.Shell.complete_sql"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">complete_sql()</span></code></a> as appropriate saving the results for
+from readline and then calls <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.complete_command" title="apsw.shell.Shell.complete_command"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">complete_command()</span></code></a> or
+<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.complete_sql" title="apsw.shell.Shell.complete_sql"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">complete_sql()</span></code></a> as appropriate saving the results for
 subsequent calls.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.complete_command">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">complete_command</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">line</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">token</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">beg</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">end</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.complete_command" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.complete_command">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">complete_command</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">line</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">token</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">beg</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">end</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.complete_command"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.complete_command" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Provide some completions for dot commands</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
@@ -327,8 +325,8 @@
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.complete_sql">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">complete_sql</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">line</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">token</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">beg</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">end</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.complete_sql" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.complete_sql">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">complete_sql</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">line</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">token</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">beg</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">end</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.complete_sql"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.complete_sql" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Provide some completions for SQL</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
@@ -346,38 +344,38 @@
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py property">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.db">
-<em class="property"><span class="pre">property</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">db</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.db" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.db">
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">property</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">db</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.db" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>The current <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.display_timing">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">display_timing</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">b4</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">after</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.display_timing" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.display_timing">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">display_timing</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">b4</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">after</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.display_timing"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.display_timing" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Writes the difference between b4 and after to self.stderr.
 The data is dictionaries returned from
-<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Shell.get_resource_usage" title="apsw.Shell.get_resource_usage"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_resource_usage()</span></code></a>.</p>
+<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.get_resource_usage" title="apsw.shell.Shell.get_resource_usage"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_resource_usage()</span></code></a>.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.fixup_backslashes">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fixup_backslashes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.fixup_backslashes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.fixup_backslashes">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fixup_backslashes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.fixup_backslashes"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.fixup_backslashes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Implements the various backlash sequences in s such as
 turning backslash t into a tab.</p>
 <p>This function is needed because shlex does not do it for us.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.get_resource_usage">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_resource_usage</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.get_resource_usage" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.get_resource_usage">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_resource_usage</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.get_resource_usage"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.get_resource_usage" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Return a dict of various numbers (ints or floats).  The
 .timer command shows the difference between before and after
-results of what this returns by calling <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Shell.display_timing" title="apsw.Shell.display_timing"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">display_timing()</span></code></a></p>
+results of what this returns by calling <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.display_timing" title="apsw.shell.Shell.display_timing"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">display_timing()</span></code></a></p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.getcompleteline">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getcompleteline</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.getcompleteline" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.getcompleteline">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getcompleteline</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.getcompleteline"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.getcompleteline" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns a complete input.</p>
 <p>For dot commands it will be one line.  For SQL statements it
 will be as many as is necessary to have a
@@ -386,30 +384,30 @@
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.getline">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getline</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">prompt</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">''</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.getline" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.getline">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">getline</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">prompt</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">''</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.getline"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.getline" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns a single line of input (may be incomplete SQL) from self.stdin.</p>
 <p>If EOF is reached then return None.  Do not include trailing
 newline in return.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.handle_exception">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">handle_exception</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.handle_exception" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.handle_exception">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">handle_exception</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.handle_exception"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.handle_exception" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Handles the current exception, printing a message to stderr as appropriate.
 It will reraise the exception if necessary (eg if bail is true)</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.handle_interrupt">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">handle_interrupt</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.handle_interrupt" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.handle_interrupt">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">handle_interrupt</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.handle_interrupt"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.handle_interrupt" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Deal with keyboard interrupt (typically Control-C).  It
 will <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.interrupt" title="apsw.Connection.interrupt"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">interrupt()</span></code></a> the database and print”^C” if interactive.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.pop_input">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">pop_input</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.pop_input" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.pop_input">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">pop_input</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.pop_input"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.pop_input" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Restore most recently pushed input parameters (interactive,
 self.stdin, linenumber etc).  Use this if implementing a
 command like read.  Push the current input, read the file and
@@ -417,13 +415,13 @@
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.pop_output">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">pop_output</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.pop_output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.pop_output">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">pop_output</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.pop_output"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.pop_output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Restores most recently pushed output.  There are many
 output parameters such as nullvalue, mode
 (list/tcl/html/insert etc), column widths, header etc.  If you
 temporarily need to change some settings then
-<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Shell.push_output" title="apsw.Shell.push_output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">push_output()</span></code></a>, change the settings and then pop the old
+<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.push_output" title="apsw.shell.Shell.push_output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">push_output()</span></code></a>, change the settings and then pop the old
 ones back.</p>
 <p>A simple example is implementing a command like .dump.  Push
 the current output, change the mode to insert so we get SQL
@@ -432,8 +430,8 @@
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.process_args">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">process_args</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.process_args" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.process_args">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">process_args</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.process_args"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.process_args" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Process command line options specified in args.  It is safe to
 call this multiple times.  We try to be compatible with SQLite shell
 argument parsing.</p>
@@ -456,12 +454,12 @@
 <p>The SQLite shell uses single dash in front of options.  We
 allow both single and double dashes.  When an unrecognized
 argument is encountered then
-<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Shell.process_unknown_args" title="apsw.Shell.process_unknown_args"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">process_unknown_args()</span></code></a> is called.</p>
+<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.process_unknown_args" title="apsw.shell.Shell.process_unknown_args"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">process_unknown_args()</span></code></a> is called.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.process_command">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">process_command</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cmd</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.process_command" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.process_command">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">process_command</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cmd</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.process_command"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.process_command" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Processes a dot command.  It is split into parts using the
 <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library/shlex.html#shlex.split">shlex.split</a>
 function which is roughly the same method used by Unix/POSIX
@@ -469,15 +467,15 @@
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.process_complete_line">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">process_complete_line</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">command</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.process_complete_line" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.process_complete_line">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">process_complete_line</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">command</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.process_complete_line"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.process_complete_line" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Given some text will call the appropriate method to process
-it (eg <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Shell.process_sql" title="apsw.Shell.process_sql"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">process_sql()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Shell.process_command" title="apsw.Shell.process_command"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">process_command()</span></code></a>)</p>
+it (eg <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.process_sql" title="apsw.shell.Shell.process_sql"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">process_sql()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.process_command" title="apsw.shell.Shell.process_command"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">process_command()</span></code></a>)</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.process_sql">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">process_sql</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sql</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bindings</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">internal</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">summary</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.process_sql" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.process_sql">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">process_sql</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sql</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bindings</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">internal</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">summary</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.process_sql"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.process_sql" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Processes SQL text consisting of one or more statements</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
@@ -498,9 +496,9 @@
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.process_unknown_args">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">process_unknown_args</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.process_unknown_args" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p>This is called when <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Shell.process_args" title="apsw.Shell.process_args"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">process_args()</span></code></a> encounters an
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.process_unknown_args">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">process_unknown_args</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.process_unknown_args"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.process_unknown_args" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>This is called when <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.process_args" title="apsw.shell.Shell.process_args"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">process_args()</span></code></a> encounters an
 argument it doesn’t understand.  Override this method if you
 want to be able to understand additional command line arguments.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
@@ -518,22 +516,22 @@
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.push_input">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">push_input</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.push_input" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><p>Saves the current input parameters to a stack.  See <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Shell.pop_input" title="apsw.Shell.pop_input"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pop_input()</span></code></a>.</p>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.push_input">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">push_input</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.push_input"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.push_input" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Saves the current input parameters to a stack.  See <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.pop_input" title="apsw.shell.Shell.pop_input"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pop_input()</span></code></a>.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.push_output">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">push_output</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.push_output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.push_output">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">push_output</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.push_output"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.push_output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Saves the current output settings onto a stack.  See
-<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.Shell.pop_output" title="apsw.Shell.pop_output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pop_output()</span></code></a> for more details as to why you would use
+<a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.pop_output" title="apsw.shell.Shell.pop_output"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pop_output()</span></code></a> for more details as to why you would use
 this.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.set_encoding">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">set_encoding</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">enc</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.set_encoding" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.set_encoding">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">set_encoding</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">enc</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.set_encoding"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.set_encoding" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Saves <em>enc</em> as the default encoding, after verifying that
 it is valid.  You can also include :error to specify error
 handling - eg ‘cp437:replace’</p>
@@ -541,19 +539,26 @@
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.usage">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">usage</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.usage" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.usage">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">usage</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.usage"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.usage" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the usage message.  Make sure it is newline terminated</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.Shell.write">
-<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">write</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dest</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">text</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.Shell.write" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.Shell.write">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">write</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dest</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">text</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#Shell.write"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.write" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Writes text to dest.  dest will typically be one of self.stdout or self.stderr.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 </dd></dl>
 
+<dl class="py function">
+<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.shell.main">
+<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">main</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/apsw/shell.html#main"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.shell.main" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Call this to run the <a class="reference internal" href="#shell"><span class="std std-ref">interactive shell</span></a>.  It
+automatically passes in sys.argv[1:] and exits Python when done.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
 </section>
 </section>
 
@@ -564,25 +569,62 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Shell</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#notes">Notes</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#commands">Commands</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#command-line-usage">Command Line Usage</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#notes">Notes</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#example">Example</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#unicode">Unicode</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#shell-class">Shell class</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#shell-class">Shell class</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.Error"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.Error</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.cmdloop"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.cmdloop()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.complete"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.complete()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.complete_command"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.complete_command()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.complete_sql"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.complete_sql()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.db"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.db</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.display_timing"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.display_timing()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.fixup_backslashes"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.fixup_backslashes()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.get_resource_usage"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.get_resource_usage()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.getcompleteline"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.getcompleteline()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.getline"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.getline()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.handle_exception"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.handle_exception()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.handle_interrupt"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.handle_interrupt()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.pop_input"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.pop_input()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.pop_output"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.pop_output()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.process_args"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.process_args()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.process_command"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.process_command()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.process_complete_line"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.process_complete_line()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.process_sql"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.process_sql()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.process_unknown_args"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.process_unknown_args()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.push_input"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.push_input()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.push_output"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.push_output()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.set_encoding"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.set_encoding()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.usage"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.usage()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.Shell.write"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shell.write()</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.shell.main"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">main()</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
 
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="vfs.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">Virtual File System (VFS)</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="exceptions.html"
-                        title="next chapter">Exceptions</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="vfs.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">Virtual File System (VFS)</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="ext.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Various interesting and useful bits of functionality</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -599,7 +641,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -614,20 +656,20 @@
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
-          <a href="exceptions.html" title="Exceptions"
+          <a href="ext.html" title="Various interesting and useful bits of functionality"
              >next</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="vfs.html" title="Virtual File System (VFS)"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Shell</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/apsw.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/apsw.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/apsw.rst.txt	2022-07-30 08:02:16.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/apsw.rst.txt	2022-11-25 06:27:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 .. Automatically generated by code2rst.py
-   code2rst.py src/apsw.c doc/apsw.rst
    Edit src/apsw.c not this file!
 
 .. module:: apsw
@@ -18,9 +17,9 @@
 <https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html>`__ are included, and
 your code using apsw can be checked using tools like `mypy
 <http://mypy-lang.org/>`__.  You can refer to the types below for
-your annotations (eg as :code:`apsw.SQLiteValue`)
+your annotations (eg as :class:`apsw.SQLiteValue`)
 
-.. literalinclude:: ../doc/typing.rstgen
+.. include:: ../doc/typing.rstgen
 
 API Reference
 =============
@@ -210,11 +209,6 @@
 
     Calls: `sqlite3_log <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/log.html>`__
 
-.. method:: main()
-
-    Call this to run the :ref:`interactive shell <shell>`.  It
-    automatically passes in sys.argv[1:] and exits Python when done.
-
 .. index:: sqlite3_memory_highwater
 
 .. method:: memoryhighwater(reset: bool = False) -> int
@@ -265,7 +259,7 @@
   It is unlikely you will want to call this method and there is no
   need to do so.  It is a **really** bad idea to call it unless you
   are absolutely sure all :class:`connections <Connection>`,
-  :class:`blobs <blob>`, :class:`cursors <Cursor>`, :class:`vfs <VFS>`
+  :class:`blobs <Blob>`, :class:`cursors <Cursor>`, :class:`vfs <VFS>`
   etc have been closed, deleted and garbage collected.
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_shutdown <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/initialize.html>`__
@@ -310,7 +304,7 @@
 
   .. seealso::
 
-    * :ref:`Status example <example-status>`
+    * :ref:`Status example <example_status>`
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_status64 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/status.html>`__
 
@@ -335,11 +329,11 @@
 
 SQLite has `many constants
 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/constlist.html>`_ used in various
-interfaces.  To use a constant such as :const:`SQLITE_OK`, just
+interfaces.  To use a constant such as *SQLITE_OK*, just
 use ``apsw.SQLITE_OK``.
 
 The same values can be used in different contexts. For example
-:const:`SQLITE_OK` and :const:`SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX` both have a value
+*SQLITE_OK* and *SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX* both have a value
 of zero. For each group of constants there is also a mapping (dict)
 available that you can supply a string to and get the corresponding
 numeric value, or supply a numeric value and get the corresponding
@@ -349,91 +343,164 @@
       apsw.mapping_authorizer_function["SQLITE_READ"] == 20
       apsw.mapping_authorizer_function[20] == "SQLITE_READ"
 
-mapping_access `Flags for the xAccess VFS method <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_access
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Flags for the xAccess VFS method <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html>`__, `SQLITE_ACCESS_READ <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html>`__, `SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_access_exists.html>`__
 
-mapping_authorizer_function `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_authorizer_function
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Authorizer Action Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_ANALYZE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_ATTACH <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_COPY <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_DELETE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_DETACH <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_DROP_INDEX <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_DROP_TABLE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_DROP_VIEW <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_FUNCTION <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_INSERT <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_PRAGMA <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_READ <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_RECURSIVE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_REINDEX <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_SAVEPOINT <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_SELECT <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_TRANSACTION <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__, `SQLITE_UPDATE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__
 
-mapping_authorizer_return `Authorizer Return Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deny.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_authorizer_return
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Authorizer Return Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deny.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_DENY <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deny.html>`__, `SQLITE_IGNORE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deny.html>`__, `SQLITE_OK <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ok>`__
 
-mapping_bestindex_constraints `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_bestindex_constraints
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__, `SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__, `SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__, `SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__, `SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__, `SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__, `SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__, `SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__, `SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__, `SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__, `SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__, `SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__, `SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__, `SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__, `SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__, `SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__, `SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_constraint_eq.html>`__
 
-mapping_config `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_config
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigcoveringindexscan>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiggetmalloc>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiggetmutex>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiggetpcache>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiggetpcache2>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigheap>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiglog>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiglookaside>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmalloc>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmemdbmaxsize>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmemstatus>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmmapsize>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmultithread>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigmutex>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigpagecache>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigpcache>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigpcache2>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigpcachehdrsz>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigpmasz>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigscratch>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigserialized>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigsinglethread>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigsmallmalloc>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigsorterrefsize>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigsqllog>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigstmtjrnlspill>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_URI <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfiguri>`__, `SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_config_covering_index_scan.html#sqliteconfigwin32heapsize>`__
 
-mapping_conflict_resolution_modes `Conflict resolution modes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fail.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_conflict_resolution_modes
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Conflict resolution modes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fail.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_ABORT <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#abort>`__, `SQLITE_FAIL <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fail.html>`__, `SQLITE_IGNORE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deny.html>`__, `SQLITE_REPLACE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fail.html>`__, `SQLITE_ROLLBACK <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fail.html>`__
 
-mapping_db_config `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_db_config
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Database Connection Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigdefensive>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigdqsddl>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigdqsdml>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenablefkey>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenablefts3tokenizer>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenableloadextension>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenableqpsg>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenabletrigger>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigenableview>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfiglegacyaltertable>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfiglegacyfileformat>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfiglookaside>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigmaindbname>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfignockptonclose>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigresetdatabase>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigtriggereqp>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigtrustedschema>`__, `SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigwritableschema>`__
 
-mapping_db_status `Status Parameters for database connections <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_db_status
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Status Parameters for database connections <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscachehit>`__, `SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscachemiss>`__, `SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscachespill>`__, `SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscacheused>`__, `SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscacheusedshared>`__, `SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuscachewrite>`__, `SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatusdeferredfks>`__, `SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuslookasidehit>`__, `SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuslookasidemissfull>`__, `SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuslookasidemisssize>`__, `SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatuslookasideused>`__, `SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html>`__, `SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatusschemaused>`__, `SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbstatus_options.html#sqlitedbstatusstmtused>`__
 
-mapping_device_characteristics `Device Characteristics <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_device_characteristics
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Device Characteristics <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`__, `SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`__, `SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`__, `SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`__, `SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`__, `SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`__, `SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`__, `SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`__, `SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`__, `SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`__, `SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`__, `SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`__, `SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`__, `SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`__, `SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html>`__
 
-mapping_extended_result_codes `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_extended_result_codes
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Extended Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#abort_rollback>`__, `SQLITE_AUTH_USER <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#auth_user>`__, `SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#busy_recovery>`__, `SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#busy_snapshot>`__, `SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#busy_timeout>`__, `SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_convpath>`__, `SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_dirtywal>`__, `SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_fullpath>`__, `SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_isdir>`__, `SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_notempdir>`__, `SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen_symlink>`__, `SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_check>`__, `SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_commithook>`__, `SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_DATATYPE <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_datatype>`__, `SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_foreignkey>`__, `SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_function>`__, `SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_notnull>`__, `SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_pinned>`__, `SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_primarykey>`__, `SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_rowid>`__, `SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_trigger>`__, `SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_unique>`__, `SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint_vtab>`__, `SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#corrupt_index>`__, `SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#corrupt_sequence>`__, `SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#corrupt_vtab>`__, `SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#error_missing_collseq>`__, `SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#error_retry>`__, `SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#error_snapshot>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_access>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_auth>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_begin_atomic>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_blocked>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_checkreservedlock>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_close>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_commit_atomic>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_convpath>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_corruptfs>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_DATA <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_data>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_delete>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_delete_noent>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_dir_close>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_dir_fsync>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_fstat>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_fsync>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_gettemppath>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_lock>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_mmap>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_nomem>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_rdlock>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_READ <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_read>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_rollback_atomic>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_seek>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_shmlock>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_shmmap>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_shmopen>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_shmsize>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_short_read>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_truncate>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_unlock>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_vnode>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr_write>`__, `SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#locked_sharedcache>`__, `SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#locked_vtab>`__, `SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#notice_recover_rollback>`__, `SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#notice_recover_wal>`__, `SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ok_load_permanently>`__, `SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_abort_rollback.html>`__, `SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_cantinit>`__, `SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_cantlock>`__, `SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_dbmoved>`__, `SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_directory>`__, `SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_recovery>`__, `SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly_rollback>`__, `SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#warning_autoindex>`__
 
-mapping_file_control `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_file_control
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Standard File Control Opcodes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlbeginatomicwrite>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlbusyhandler>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlchunksize>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlckptdone>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlckptstart>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlcksmfile>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlcommitatomicwrite>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlcommitphasetwo>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntldataversion>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlexternalreader>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlfilepointer>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlhasmoved>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntljournalpointer>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntllockstate>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntllocktimeout>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlmmapsize>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntloverwrite>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlpersistwal>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlpowersafeoverwrite>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlpragma>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlrbu>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlrollbackatomicwrite>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlsizehint>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlsizelimit>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlsync>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlsyncomitted>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntltempfilename>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntltrace>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlvfsname>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlvfspointer>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlwalblock>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlwin32avretry>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlwin32gethandle>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlwin32sethandle>`__, `SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlzipvfs>`__
 
-mapping_limits `Run-Time Limit Categories <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_limits
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Run-Time Limit Categories <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitattached>`__, `SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitcolumn>`__, `SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitcompoundselect>`__, `SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitexprdepth>`__, `SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitfunctionarg>`__, `SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitlength>`__, `SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitlikepatternlength>`__, `SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitsqllength>`__, `SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimittriggerdepth>`__, `SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitvariablenumber>`__, `SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitvdbeop>`__, `SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html#sqlitelimitworkerthreads>`__
 
-mapping_locking_level `File Locking Levels <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_locking_level
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `File Locking Levels <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html>`__, `SQLITE_LOCK_NONE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html>`__, `SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html>`__, `SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html>`__, `SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html>`__
 
-mapping_open_flags `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_open_flags
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Flags For File Open Operations <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_URI <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__, `SQLITE_OPEN_WAL <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`__
 
-mapping_result_codes `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_prepare_flags
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Prepare Flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.html>`__ constants
+
+    `SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.html#sqlitepreparenormalize>`__, `SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.html#sqlitepreparenovtab>`__, `SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.html#sqlitepreparepersistent>`__
+
+.. data:: mapping_result_codes
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Result Codes <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_ABORT <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#abort>`__, `SQLITE_AUTH <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#auth>`__, `SQLITE_BUSY <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#busy>`__, `SQLITE_CANTOPEN <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#cantopen>`__, `SQLITE_CONSTRAINT <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#constraint>`__, `SQLITE_CORRUPT <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#corrupt>`__, `SQLITE_DONE <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#done>`__, `SQLITE_EMPTY <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#empty>`__, `SQLITE_ERROR <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#error>`__, `SQLITE_FORMAT <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#format>`__, `SQLITE_FULL <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#full>`__, `SQLITE_INTERNAL <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#internal>`__, `SQLITE_INTERRUPT <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#interrupt>`__, `SQLITE_IOERR <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ioerr>`__, `SQLITE_LOCKED <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#locked>`__, `SQLITE_MISMATCH <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#mismatch>`__, `SQLITE_MISUSE <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#misuse>`__, `SQLITE_NOLFS <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#nolfs>`__, `SQLITE_NOMEM <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#nomem>`__, `SQLITE_NOTADB <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#notadb>`__, `SQLITE_NOTFOUND <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#notfound>`__, `SQLITE_NOTICE <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#notice>`__, `SQLITE_OK <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#ok>`__, `SQLITE_PERM <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#perm>`__, `SQLITE_PROTOCOL <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#protocol>`__, `SQLITE_RANGE <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#range>`__, `SQLITE_READONLY <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#readonly>`__, `SQLITE_ROW <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#row>`__, `SQLITE_SCHEMA <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#schema>`__, `SQLITE_TOOBIG <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#toobig>`__, `SQLITE_WARNING <https://sqlite.org/rescode.html#warning>`__
 
-mapping_status `Status Parameters <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_status
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Status Parameters <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusmalloccount>`__, `SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusmallocsize>`__, `SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusmemoryused>`__, `SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatuspagecacheoverflow>`__, `SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatuspagecachesize>`__, `SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatuspagecacheused>`__, `SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusparserstack>`__, `SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusscratchoverflow>`__, `SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusscratchsize>`__, `SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_status_malloc_count.html#sqlitestatusscratchused>`__
 
-mapping_sync `Synchronization Type Flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_sync
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Synchronization Type Flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html>`__, `SQLITE_SYNC_FULL <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html>`__, `SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html>`__
 
-mapping_txn_state `Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()] <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_txn_none.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_txn_state
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()] <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_txn_none.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_TXN_NONE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_txn_none.html#sqlitetxnnone>`__, `SQLITE_TXN_READ <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_txn_none.html#sqlitetxnread>`__, `SQLITE_TXN_WRITE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_txn_none.html#sqlitetxnwrite>`__
 
-mapping_virtual_table_configuration_options `Virtual Table Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_vtab_constraint_support.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_virtual_table_configuration_options
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Virtual Table Configuration Options <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_vtab_constraint_support.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_vtab_constraint_support.html#sqlitevtabconstraintsupport>`__, `SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_vtab_constraint_support.html#sqlitevtabdirectonly>`__, `SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_vtab_constraint_support.html#sqlitevtabinnocuous>`__
 
-mapping_virtual_table_scan_flags `Virtual Table Scan Flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_scan_unique.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_virtual_table_scan_flags
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Virtual Table Scan Flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_scan_unique.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_index_scan_unique.html>`__
 
-mapping_wal_checkpoint `Checkpoint Mode Values <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_wal_checkpoint
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Checkpoint Mode Values <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html>`__, `SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html>`__, `SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html>`__, `SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_checkpoint_full.html>`__
 
-mapping_xshmlock_flags `Flags for the xShmLock VFS method <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html>`__
+.. data:: mapping_xshmlock_flags
+    :type: typing.Dict[typing.Union[str, int], typing.Union[int, str]]
+
+    `Flags for the xShmLock VFS method <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html>`__ constants
 
     `SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html>`__, `SQLITE_SHM_LOCK <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html>`__, `SQLITE_SHM_SHARED <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html>`__, `SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_shm_exclusive.html>`__
 
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/backup.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/backup.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/backup.rst.txt	2022-07-30 08:02:18.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/backup.rst.txt	2022-11-25 06:27:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 .. Automatically generated by code2rst.py
-   code2rst.py src/backup.c doc/backup.rst
    Edit src/backup.c not this file!
 
 .. currentmodule:: apsw
@@ -11,13 +10,13 @@
 
 A backup object encapsulates copying one database to another.  You
 call :meth:`Connection.backup` on the destination database to get the
-backup object.  Call :meth:`~backup.step` to copy some pages
+Backup object.  Call :meth:`~Backup.step` to copy some pages
 repeatedly dealing with errors as appropriate.  Finally
-:meth:`~backup.finish` cleans up committing or rolling back and
+:meth:`~Backup.finish` cleans up committing or rolling back and
 releasing locks.
 
 Here is an example usage using the **with** statement to ensure
-:meth:`~backup.finish` is called::
+:meth:`~Backup.finish` is called::
 
   # copies source.main into db
   with db.backup("main", source, "main") as b:
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@
           print(b.remaining, b.pagecount, "\r", flush = True)
 
 If you are not using **with** then you'll need to ensure
-:meth:`~backup.finish` is called::
+:meth:`~Backup.finish` is called::
 
   # copies source.main into db
   b=db.backup("main", source, "main")
@@ -57,19 +56,19 @@
 
   You can use the backup object as a `context manager
   <http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html#with-statement-context-managers>`_
-  as defined in :pep:`0343`.  The :meth:`~backup.__exit__` method ensures that backup
-  is :meth:`finished <backup.finish>`.
+  as defined in :pep:`0343`.  The :meth:`~Backup.__exit__` method ensures that backup
+  is :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>`.
 
-.. method:: Backup.__exit__(etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[TracebackType]) -> Literal[False]
+.. method:: Backup.__exit__(etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Optional[bool]
 
-  Implements context manager in conjunction with :meth:`~backup.__enter__` ensuring
-  that the copy is :meth:`finished <backup.finish>`.
+  Implements context manager in conjunction with :meth:`~Backup.__enter__` ensuring
+  that the copy is :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>`.
 
 .. method:: Backup.close(force: bool = False) -> None
 
-  Does the same thing as :meth:`~backup.finish`.  This extra api is
+  Does the same thing as :meth:`~Backup.finish`.  This extra api is
   provided to give the same api as other APSW objects such as
-  :meth:`Connection.close`, :meth:`blob.close` and
+  :meth:`Connection.close`, :meth:`Blob.close` and
   :meth:`Cursor.close`.  It is safe to call this method multiple
   times.
 
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@
 .. attribute:: Backup.done
   :type: bool
 
-  A boolean that is True if the copy completed in the last call to :meth:`~backup.step`.
+  A boolean that is True if the copy completed in the last call to :meth:`~Backup.step`.
 
 .. index:: sqlite3_backup_finish
 
@@ -98,8 +97,8 @@
   :type: int
 
   Read only. How many pages were in the source database after the last
-  step.  If you haven't called :meth:`~backup.step` or the backup
-  object has been :meth:`finished <backup.finish>` then zero is
+  step.  If you haven't called :meth:`~Backup.step` or the backup
+  object has been :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>` then zero is
   returned.
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_backup_pagecount <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html#sqlite3backuppagecount>`__
@@ -110,8 +109,8 @@
   :type: int
 
   Read only. How many pages were remaining to be copied after the last
-  step.  If you haven't called :meth:`~backup.step` or the backup
-  object has been :meth:`finished <backup.finish>` then zero is
+  step.  If you haven't called :meth:`~Backup.step` or the backup
+  object has been :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>` then zero is
   returned.
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_backup_remaining <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html#sqlite3backupremaining>`__
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@
 
   Copies *npages* pages from the source to destination database.  The source database is locked during the copy so
   using smaller values allows other access to the source database.  The destination database is always locked until the
-  backup object is :meth:`finished <backup.finish>`.
+  backup object is :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>`.
 
   :param npages: How many pages to copy. If the parameter is omitted
      or negative then all remaining pages are copied. The default page
@@ -134,7 +133,7 @@
   unable to lock the source database.  You can catch those and try
   again.
 
-  :returns: True if this copied the last remaining outstanding pages, else false.  This is the same value as :attr:`~backup.done`
+  :returns: True if this copied the last remaining outstanding pages, else false.  This is the same value as :attr:`~Backup.done`
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_backup_step <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html#sqlite3backupstep>`__
 
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/benchmarking.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/benchmarking.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/benchmarking.rst.txt	2022-07-05 14:54:14.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/benchmarking.rst.txt	2022-10-18 09:40:42.000000000 +0000
@@ -13,35 +13,27 @@
 behind your back, which may or may not work well with SQLite also
 doing its own transactions. You should always manage your transactions
 yourself.  For example to insert 1,000 rows wrap it in a single
-transaction else you will have 1,000 transactions. The best clue that
-you have one transaction per statement is having a maximum of 60
-statements per second. You need two drive rotations to do a
-transaction - the data has to be committed to the main file and the
-journal - and 7200 RPM drives do 120 rotations a second. On the other
-hand if you don't put in the transaction boundaries yourself and get
-more than 60 statements a second, then your access mechanism is
-silently starting transactions for you. This topic also comes up
-fairly frequently in the SQLite mailing list archives.
+transaction, otherwise you will have 1,000 transactions, one per row.
+A spinning hard drive can't do more than 60 transactions per second.
+
 
 .. _speedtest:
 
 speedtest
 ---------
 
-APSW includes a speed testing script as part of the :ref:`source
-distribution <source_and_binaries>`.  You can use the script to
-compare SQLite performance across different versions of SQLite,
-different host systems (hard drives and controllers matter) as well as
-between sqlite3 and APSW.  The underlying queries are based on
-`SQLite's speed test
-<https://sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=tool/mkspeedsql.tcl>`_.
+APSW includes a speed tester to compare SQLite performance across
+different versions of SQLite, different host systems (hard drives and
+controllers matter) as well as between sqlite3 and APSW.  The
+underlying queries are based on `SQLite's speed test
+<https://sqlite.org/src/file?name=tool/mkspeedsql.tcl>`_.
 
 .. speedtest-begin
 
 .. code-block:: text
 
-    $ python3 speedtest.py --help
-    Usage: speedtest.py [options]
+    $ python3 -m apsw.speedtest --help
+    Usage: apsw.speedtest [options]
     
     Options:
       -h, --help           show this help message and exit
@@ -62,8 +54,8 @@
       --sc-size=N          Size of the statement cache. APSW will disable cache
                            with value of zero.  sqlite3 ensures a minimum of 5
                            [Default 100]
-      --unicode=UNICODE    Percentage of text that is unicode characters [Default
-                           0]
+      --unicode=UNICODE    Percentage of text that is non-ascii unicode characters
+                           [Default 0]
       --data-size=SIZE     Maximum size in characters of data items - keep this
                            number small unless you are on 64 bits and have lots of
                            memory with a small scale - you can easily consume
@@ -71,7 +63,7 @@
                            speedtest]
     
 
-    $ python3 speedtest.py --tests-detail
+    $ python3 -m apsw.speedtest --tests-detail
     bigstmt:
     
       Supplies the SQL as a single string consisting of multiple
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/blob.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/blob.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/blob.rst.txt	2022-07-30 08:02:14.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/blob.rst.txt	2022-11-25 06:27:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 .. Automatically generated by code2rst.py
-   code2rst.py src/blob.c doc/blob.rst
    Edit src/blob.c not this file!
 
 .. currentmodule:: apsw
@@ -46,9 +45,11 @@
                  (apsw.zeroblob(100000000),))
 
   This class is used for the second way.  Once a blob exists in the
-  database, you then use the :class:`blob` class to read and write its
+  database, you then use the :class:`Blob` class to read and write its
   contents.
 
+  :param size: Number of zeroed bytes to create
+
 .. method:: zeroblob.length() -> int
 
   Size of zero blob in bytes.
@@ -70,14 +71,14 @@
     :class:`zeroblob` or the `zeroblob()
     <https://sqlite.org/lang_corefunc.html>`_ function.
 
-  See the :ref:`example <example-blobio>`.
+  See the :ref:`example <example_blob_io>`.
 
 .. method:: Blob.__enter__() -> Blob
 
   You can use a blob as a `context manager
   <http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html#with-statement-context-managers>`_
   as defined in :pep:`0343`.  When you use *with* statement,
-  the blob is always :meth:`closed <~blob.close>` on exit from the block, even if an
+  the blob is always :meth:`closed <Blob.close>` on exit from the block, even if an
   exception occurred in the block.
 
   For example::
@@ -86,10 +87,10 @@
         blob.write("...")
         res=blob.read(1024)
 
-.. method:: Blob.__exit__() -> Literal[False]
+.. method:: Blob.__exit__(etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Optional[bool]
 
   Implements context manager in conjunction with
-  :meth:`~blob.__enter__`.  Any exception that happened in the
+  :meth:`~Blob.__enter__`.  Any exception that happened in the
   *with* block is raised after closing the blob.
 
 .. index:: sqlite3_blob_close
@@ -102,14 +103,14 @@
   .. note::
 
      In some cases errors that technically occurred in the
-     :meth:`~blob.read` and :meth:`~blob.write` routines may not be
+     :meth:`~Blob.read` and :meth:`~Blob.write` routines may not be
      reported until close is called.  Similarly errors that occurred
-     in those methods (eg calling :meth:`~blob.write` on a read-only
-     blob) may also be re-reported in :meth:`~blob.close`.  (This
+     in those methods (eg calling :meth:`~Blob.write` on a read-only
+     blob) may also be re-reported in :meth:`~Blob.close`.  (This
      behaviour is what the underlying SQLite APIs do - it is not APSW
      doing it.)
 
-  It is okay to call :meth:`~blob.close` multiple times.
+  It is okay to call :meth:`~Blob.close` multiple times.
 
   :param force: Ignores any errors during close.
 
@@ -136,16 +137,16 @@
 
 .. index:: sqlite3_blob_read
 
-.. method:: Blob.readinto(buffer: Union[bytearray, array[Any], memoryview], offset: int = 0, length: int = -1) -> None
+.. method:: Blob.readinto(buffer: Union[bytearray, array.array[Any], memoryview], offset: int = 0, length: int = -1) -> None
 
   Reads from the blob into a buffer you have supplied.  This method is
   useful if you already have a buffer like object that data is being
-  assembled in, and avoids allocating results in :meth:`blob.read` and
+  assembled in, and avoids allocating results in :meth:`Blob.read` and
   then copying into buffer.
 
   :param buffer: A writable buffer like object.
                  There is a bytearray type that is very useful.
-                 :class:`array.array` also works.
+                 `arrays <https://docs.python.org/3/library/array.html>`__ also work.
 
   :param offset: The position to start writing into the buffer
                  defaulting to the beginning.
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@
   :param length: How much of the blob to read.  The default is the
                  remaining space left in the buffer.  Note that if
                  there is more space available than blob left then you
-                 will get a :exc:`ValueError` exception.
+                 will get a *ValueError* exception.
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_blob_read <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_read.html>`__
 
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/build.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/build.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/build.rst.txt	2022-07-26 13:55:20.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/build.rst.txt	2022-11-24 09:18:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 See :ref:`version info <version_stuff>` to understand the
 relationship between Python, APSW, and SQLite versions.
 
+.. currentmodule:: apsw
+
 setup.py
 ========
 
@@ -19,14 +21,14 @@
 | | python setup.py install test                              | Compiles APSW with default Python compiler, installs it into Python     |
 |                                                             | site library directory and then runs the test suite.                    |
 +-------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| | python setup.py install :option:`--user`                  | Compiles APSW with default Python                                       |
+| | python setup.py install **--user**                        | Compiles APSW with default Python                                       |
 |                                                             | compiler and installs it into a subdirectory of your home directory.    |
 |                                                             | See :pep:`370` for more details.                                        |
 +-------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| | python setup.py build_ext :option:`--force`               | Compiles the extension but doesn't install it.  The test suite is then  |
-|   :option:`--inplace` test                                  | run.                                                                    |
+| | python setup.py build_ext **--force**                     | Compiles the extension but doesn't install it.  The test suite is then  |
+|   **--inplace** test                                        | run.                                                                    |
 +-------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| | python setup.py build :option:`--debug` install           | Compiles APSW with debug information.  This also turns on `assertions   |
+| | python setup.py build **--debug** install                 | Compiles APSW with debug information.  This also turns on `assertions   |
 |                                                             | <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assert.h>`_                               |
 |                                                             | in APSW that double check the code assumptions.  If you are using the   |
 |                                                             | SQLite amalgamation then assertions are turned on in that too.  Note    |
@@ -44,12 +46,8 @@
 -----
 
 :file:`setup.py` can automatically fetch SQLite and other optional
-components.  You can set the environment variable :const:`http_proxy`
-to control proxy usage for the download. **Note** the files downloaded
-are modified from their originals to ensure various names do not
-clash, adjust them to the download platform and to graft them cleanly
-into the APSW module.  You should not commit them to source code
-control systems (download separately if you need clean files).
+components.  You can set the environment variable *http_proxy*
+to control proxy usage for the download.
 
 If any files are downloaded then the build step will automatically use
 them.  This still applies when you do later builds without
@@ -60,20 +58,20 @@
 +----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | fetch flag                             |  Result                                                                              |
 +========================================+======================================================================================+
-| | :option:`--version=VERSION`          | By default the SQLite version corresponding to the APSW release is retrieved,  You   |
+| | **--version=VERSION**                | By default the SQLite version corresponding to the APSW release is retrieved,  You   |
 |                                        | can also ask for specific versions, or for `latest` which uses the SQLite download   |
 |                                        | page to work out the most recent version.                                            |
 +----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| | :option:`--missing-checksum-ok`      | Allows setup to continue if the :ref:`checksum <fetch_checksums>` is missing.        |
+| | **--missing-checksum-ok**            | Allows setup to continue if the :ref:`checksum <fetch_checksums>` is missing.        |
 +----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| | :option:`--all`                      | Gets all components listed below.                                                    |
+| | **--all**                            | Gets all components listed below.                                                    |
 +----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| | :option:`--sqlite`                   | Automatically downloads the `SQLite amalgamation                                     |
+| | **--sqlite**                         | Automatically downloads the `SQLite amalgamation                                     |
 |                                        | <https://sqlite.org/amalgamation.html>`__. The amalgamation is the                   |
 |                                        | preferred way to use SQLite as you have total control over what components are       |
 |                                        | included or excluded (see below) and have no dependencies on any existing            |
 |                                        | libraries on your developer or deployment machines. The amalgamation includes the    |
-|                                        | fts3/4/5, rtree, json1 and icu extensions. On non-Windows platforms, any existing    |
+|                                        | fts3/4/5, rtree, json1 and icu extensions. Nny existing                              |
 |                                        | :file:`sqlite3/` directory will be erased and the downloaded code placed in a newly  |
 |                                        | created :file:`sqlite3/` directory.                                                  |
 +----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -98,7 +96,7 @@
   the SQLite download site URL is hard coded.)
 
   If the URL is not listed in the checksums file then setup aborts.
-  You can use :option:`--missing-checksum-ok` to continue.  You are
+  You can use **--missing-checksum-ok** to continue.  You are
   recommended instead to update the checksums file with the
   correct information.
 
@@ -135,47 +133,55 @@
 ---------------
 
 You can enable or omit certain functionality by specifying flags to
-the build and/or build_ext commands of :file:`setup.py`.
+the build and/or build_ext commands of :file:`setup.py`::
 
-  | python setup.py build *options*
+  python setup.py build *options*
 
 Note that the options do not accumulate.  If you want to specify multiple enables or omits then you
-need to give the flag once and giving a comma separated list.  For example:
+need to give the flag once and giving a comma separated list.  For example::
+
+  python setup.py build --enable=fts3,fts3_parenthesis,rtree,icu
+
+SQLite includes `many options defined to the C compiler
+<https://www.sqlite.org/compile.html>`__.  If you want to change
+compiled in default values, or provide defines like
+SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE then you can use **--definevalues** using
+`=` and comma separating.  For example::
 
-  | python setup.py build :option:`--enable=fts3,fts3_parenthesis,rtree,icu`
+  python setup.py build_ext --definevalues SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT=1,SQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE=config.h
 
 +----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | build/build_ext flag                   | Result                                                                               |
 +========================================+======================================================================================+
-| | :option:`--enable-all-extensions`    | Enables the STAT4, FTS3/4/5, RTree, JSON1, RBU, and ICU extensions if *icu-config*   |
+| | **--enable-all-extensions**          | Enables the STAT4, FTS3/4/5, RTree, JSON1, RBU, and ICU extensions if *icu-config*   |
 |                                        | is on your path                                                                      |
 +----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| | :option:`--enable=fts3`              | Enables the :ref:`full text search extension <ext-fts3>`.                            |
-| | :option:`--enable=fts4`              | This flag only helps when using the amalgamation. If not using the                   |
-| | :option:`--enable=fts5`              | amalgamation then you need to separately ensure fts3/4/5 is enabled in the SQLite    |
+| | **--enable=fts3**                    | Enables the :ref:`full text search extension <ext-fts3>`.                            |
+| | **--enable=fts4**                    | This flag only helps when using the amalgamation. If not using the                   |
+| | **--enable=fts5**                    | amalgamation then you need to separately ensure fts3/4/5 is enabled in the SQLite    |
 |                                        | install. You are likely to want the `parenthesis option                              |
 |                                        | <https://sqlite.org/compile.html#enable_fts3_parenthesis>`__ on unless you have      |
 |                                        | legacy code (`--enable-all-extensions` turns it on).                                 |
 +----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| | :option:`--enable=rtree`             | Enables the :ref:`spatial table extension <ext-rtree>`.                              |
+| | **--enable=rtree**                   | Enables the :ref:`spatial table extension <ext-rtree>`.                              |
 |                                        | This flag only helps when using the amalgamation. If not using the                   |
 |                                        | amalgamation then you need to separately ensure rtree is enabled in the SQLite       |
 |                                        | install.                                                                             |
 +----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| | :option:`--enable=rbu`               | Enables the :ref:`reumable bulk update extension <ext-rbu>`.                         |
+| | **--enable=rbu**                     | Enables the :ref:`reumable bulk update extension <ext-rbu>`.                         |
 |                                        | This flag only helps when using the amalgamation. If not using the                   |
 |                                        | amalgamation then you need to separately ensure rbu is enabled in the SQLite         |
 |                                        | install.                                                                             |
 +----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| | :option:`--enable=icu`               | Enables the :ref:`International Components for Unicode extension <ext-icu>`.         |
+| | **--enable=icu**                     | Enables the :ref:`International Components for Unicode extension <ext-icu>`.         |
 |                                        | Note that you must have the ICU libraries on your machine which setup will           |
 |                                        | automatically try to find using :file:`icu-config`.                                  |
 |                                        | This flag only helps when using the amalgamation. If not using the                   |
 |                                        | amalgamation then you need to separately ensure ICU is enabled in the SQLite         |
 |                                        | install.                                                                             |
 +----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| | :option:`--omit=ITEM`                | Causes various functionality to be omitted. For example                              |
-|                                        | :option:`--omit=load_extension` will omit code to do with loading extensions. If     |
+| | **--omit=ITEM**                      | Causes various functionality to be omitted. For example                              |
+|                                        | `--omit=load_extension` will omit code to do with loading extensions. If             |
 |                                        | using the amalgamation then this will omit the functionality from APSW and           |
 |                                        | SQLite, otherwise the functionality will only be omitted from APSW (ie the code      |
 |                                        | will still be in SQLite, APSW just won't call it). In almost all cases you will need |
@@ -184,24 +190,44 @@
 |                                        | <https://sqlite.org/compile.html#omitfeatures>`_.                                    |
 +----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
-.. note::
 
-  Extension loading is enabled by default when using the amalgamation
-  and disabled when using existing libraries as this most closely
-  matches current practise.  Use :option:`--omit=load_extension` or
-  :option:`--enable=load_extension` to explicitly disable/enable the
-  extension loading code.
+.. _matching_sqlite_options:
+
+Matching APSW and SQLite options
+================================
+
+APSW needs to see the same options as SQLite to correctly match it.
+For example if SQLite is compiled without loadable extensions, then
+APSW also needs to know that at compile time because the APIs won't be
+present.  Another example is :attr:`Cursor.description_full` needs to
+know if `SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA` was defined when building
+SQLite for the same reason.
+
+If you use the amalgamation (recommended configuration) then APSW and
+SQLite will see the same options and will be correctly in sync.
+
+If you are using the system provided SQLite then specify
+`--use-system-sqlite-config` to `build_ext`, and the configuration
+will be automatically obtained (using `ctypes find_library
+<https://docs.python.org/3/library/ctypes.html?highlight=find_library#ctypes.util.find_library>`__)
+
+You can use the amalgamation and `--use-system-sqlite-config`
+simultaneously in which case the amalgamation will have an identical
+configuration to the system one.  This is useful if you are using a
+newer SQLite version in the amalgamation, but still want to match the
+system.
+
 
 Finding SQLite 3
 ================
 
 SQLite 3 is needed during the build process. If you specify
-:option:`fetch --sqlite` to the :file:`setup.py` command line
+**fetch --sqlite** to the :file:`setup.py` command line
 then it will automatically fetch the current version of the SQLite
 amalgamation. (The current version is determined by parsing the
 `SQLite download page <https://sqlite.org/download.html>`_). You
 can manually specify the version, for example
-:option:`fetch --sqlite --version=3.7.4`.
+**fetch --sqlite --version=3.39.4**.
 
 These methods are tried in order:
 
@@ -211,7 +237,7 @@
       looked for. The SQLite code is then statically compiled into the
       APSW extension and is invisible to the rest of the
       process. There are no runtime library dependencies on SQLite as
-      a result.  When you use :option:`fetch` this is where it places
+      a result.  When you use **fetch** this is where it places
       the downloaded amalgamation.
 
   Local build
@@ -221,7 +247,7 @@
 
   User directories
 
-    If specifying :option:`--user` then your user directory is
+    If specifying **--user** then your user directory is
     searched first. See :pep:`370` for more details.
 
   System directories
@@ -232,9 +258,9 @@
 .. note::
 
   If you compiled SQLite with any OMIT flags (eg
-  :const:`SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION`) then you must include them in
+  *SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION*) then you must include them in
   the :file:`setup.py` command or file. For this example you could use
-  :option:`setup.py build --omit=load_extension` to add the same flags.
+  **setup.py build --omit=load_extension** to add the same flags.
 
 .. _recommended_build:
 
@@ -263,13 +289,12 @@
   sqlite3.c, `but they are harmless <https://sqlite.org/faq.html#q17>`_
 
 
-The extension just turns into a single file apsw.so (Linux/Mac) or
-apsw.pyd (Windows). (More complicated name on Pythons implementing
-:pep:`3149`). You don't need to install it and can drop it into any
-directory that is more convenient for you and that your code can
-reach. To just do the build and not install, leave out *install* from
-the lines above. (Use *build_ext --inplace* to have the extension put
-in the main directory.)
+The extension just turns into a single directory `apsw`. You don't
+need to install it and can drop it into any directory that is more
+convenient for you and that your code can reach. To just do the build
+and not install, leave out *install* from the lines above. (Use
+*build_ext --inplace* to have the extension put in the main
+directory.)
 
 The test suite will be run. It will print the APSW file used, APSW and
 SQLite versions and then run lots of tests all of which should pass.
@@ -288,6 +313,8 @@
 
   $ python setup.py fetch --all bdist_rpm
 
+.. _testing:
+
 Testing
 =======
 
@@ -295,23 +322,21 @@
 <https://sqlite.org/testing.html>`__. It has considerably more code
 dedicated to testing than makes up the actual database functionality.
 
-APSW includes a :file:`tests.py` file which uses the standard Python
-testing modules to verify correct operation. New code is developed
-alongside the tests. Reported issues also have test cases to ensure
-the issue doesn't happen or doesn't happen again.::
-
-  $ python3 setup.py test
-  running test
-                  Python  /usr/bin/python3 sys.version_info(major=3, minor=9, micro=7, releaselevel='final', serial=0)
-  Testing with APSW file  /space/apsw/apsw.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
-            APSW version  3.38.0-r1
-      SQLite lib version  3.38.0
-  SQLite headers version  3038000
+APSW includes tests which use the standard Python testing modules to
+verify correct operation. New code is developed alongside the tests.
+Reported issues also have test cases to ensure the issue doesn't
+happen or doesn't happen again.::
+
+  $ python3 -m apsw.tests
+                  Python  /usr/bin/python3 sys.version_info(major=3, minor=10, micro=4, releaselevel='final', serial=0)
+  Testing with APSW file  /space/apsw/apsw/__init__.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
+            APSW version  3.39.2.0
+      SQLite lib version  3.39.2
+  SQLite headers version  3039002
       Using amalgamation  True
-
-  ..............................................................................................
+  ...............................................................................................
   ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Ran 94 tests in 27.713s
+  Ran 95 tests in 25.990s
 
   OK
 
@@ -327,11 +352,13 @@
 running the test suite. The test suite is run multiple times to make
 any memory leaks or similar issues stand out. A checking version of
 Python is also used.  See :source:`tools/valgrind.sh` in the source.
-The same testing is also done with the compiler's sanitizer option.
+The same testing is also done with the `compiler's sanitizer option
+<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AddressSanitizer>`__.
 
 To ensure compatibility with the various Python versions, a script
 downloads and compiles all supported Python versions in both debug and
-release configurations against the APSW and SQLite supported versions
-running the tests. See :source:`tools/megatest.py` in the source.
+release configurations (and 32 and 64 bit) against the APSW and SQLite
+supported versions running the tests. See :source:`tools/megatest.py`
+in the source.
 
 In short both SQLite and APSW have a lot of testing!
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/changes.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/changes.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/changes.rst.txt	2022-07-30 08:01:40.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/changes.rst.txt	2022-11-26 08:55:00.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,7 +1,115 @@
 Change History
 **************
+
 .. currentmodule:: apsw
 
+3.40.0.0
+========
+
+Fixed regression in statement cache update (version 3.38.1-r1) where
+trailing whitespace in queries would be incorrectly treated as
+incomplete execution (:issue:`376`)
+
+Added :doc:`ext` (:issue:`369`)
+
+Added more Pythonic attributes as an alternative to getters and
+setters, including :attr:`Connection.in_transaction`,
+:attr:`Connection.exectrace`, :attr:`Connection.rowtrace`,
+:attr:`Cursor.exectrace`, :attr:`Cursor.rowtrace`,
+:attr:`Cursor.connection` (:issue:`371`)
+
+Completed: To the extent permitted by CPython APIs every item has the
+same docstring as this documentation.  Every API can use named
+parameters.  The `type stubs
+<https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/blob/master/apsw/__init__.pyi>`__
+cover everything including constants.  The type stubs also include
+documentation for everything, which for example Visual Studio Code
+displays as you type or hover.  There is a single source of
+documentation in the source code, which is then automatically
+extracted to make this documentation, docstrings, and docstrings in
+the type stubs.
+
+:doc:`example` updated and appearance improved (:issue:`367`).
+
+3.39.4.0
+========
+
+Added :meth:`Connection.cache_stats` to provide more information about
+the statement cache.
+
+:meth:`Cursor.execute` now uses `sqlite_prepare_v3
+<https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`__ which allows supplying
+`flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.htm>`__.
+
+:meth:`Cursor.execute` has a new `can_cache` parameter to control
+whether the query can use the statement cache.  One example use is
+with :meth:`authorizers <Connection.setauthorizer>` because they only
+run during prepare, which doesn't happen with already cached
+statements.
+
+(The :meth:`Cursor.execute` additional parameters are keyword only and
+also present in :meth:`Cursor.executemany`, and the corresponding
+:meth:`Connection.execute` and :meth:`Connection.executemany`
+methods.)
+
+Added :attr:`Cursor.is_readonly`, :attr:`Cursor.is_explain`, and
+:attr:`Cursor.expanded_sql`.
+
+Updated processing named bindings so that types registered with
+:class:`collections.abc.Mapping` (such as
+:class:`collections.UserDict`) will also be treated as dictionaries.
+(:issue:`373`)
+
+3.39.3.0
+========
+
+Test no longer fails if APSW was compiled without
+SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA but sqlite3 was separately compiled with
+it.  APSW should be compiled with the same flags as sqlite3 to match
+functionality and APIs. (:issue:`363`)
+
+`--use-system-sqlite-config` setup.py `build_ext` option added to
+allow :ref:`matching_sqlite_options`. (:issue:`364`)
+
+3.39.2.1
+========
+
+PyPI now includes Python 3.11 builds.
+
+Instead of using scripts, you can now run several tools directly:
+
+* :ref:`tests <testing>`:  python3 **-m apsw.tests** *[options]*
+
+* :ref:`tracer <apswtrace>`:  python3 **-m apsw.trace** *[options]*
+
+* :ref:`speed tester <speedtest>`:  python3 **-m apsw.speedtest** *[options]*
+
+* :ref:`shell <shell>`:  python3 **-m apsw** *[options]*
+
+The shell class has moved from apsw.Shell to :class:`apsw.shell.Shell`
+(:issue:`356`).  You can still reference it via the old name (ie
+existing code will not break, except on Python 3.6).
+
+:ref:`shell`: On Windows the native console support for colour is now used
+(previously a third party module was supported).
+
+You :ref:`can use --definevalues in setup.py build_ext
+<setup_build_flags>` to provide compiler defines used for configuring
+SQLite. (:issue:`357`)
+
+If SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA is enabled then
+:attr:`Cursor.description_full` is available providing all the column
+metadata available. (:issue:`354`)
+
+:attr:`Connection.cursor_factory` attribute is now present and is used
+when :meth:`Connection.cursor` is called.  Added
+:meth:`Connection.execute` and :meth:`Connection.executemany` which
+automatically obtain the underlying cursor.  See :ref:`customizing
+connections and cursors <customizing_connection_cursor>` in the
+:doc:`tips`.  (:issue:`361`)
+
+
+
 3.39.2.0
 ========
 
@@ -825,7 +933,7 @@
 3.7.6.3-r1
 ==========
 
-When invoking the shell by calling :func:`apsw.main` it will not
+When invoking the shell by calling :func:`apsw.shell.main` it will not
 become interactive if you supply SQL commands as command line
 arguments.  This is to have the same behaviour as the SQLite shell
 (:issue:`115`).
@@ -885,7 +993,7 @@
 
 Improve getting shell timer information for 64 bit Windows.
 
-:meth:`blob.reopen` is implemented.
+:meth:`Blob.reopen` is implemented.
 
 FTS4 is enabled and in the binary builds.  Note that it is an
 augmentation of FTS3 rather than totally separate code and described
@@ -896,8 +1004,8 @@
 ========
 
 You can read blobs into pre-existing buffers using
-:meth:`blob.readinto`.  (This is more efficient than allocating new
-buffers as :meth:`blob.read` does and then copying.)  (:issue:`109`).
+:meth:`Blob.readinto`.  (This is more efficient than allocating new
+buffers as :meth:`Blob.read` does and then copying.)  (:issue:`109`).
 
 Fixed bug with unicode output in CSV mode in the shell.
 
@@ -951,7 +1059,7 @@
 
 The shell now does colour highlighting making it easy to visually
 distinguish prompts, errors, headers and value types when outputting
-to a terminal.  See the :option:`--no-colour` argument and **.colour**
+to a terminal.  See the `--no-colour` argument and **.colour**
 command.  Those of you in the two countries that have not adopted the
 metric system may also omit the 'u'.  For Windows users you won't get
 colour output unless you install `colorama
@@ -990,10 +1098,10 @@
 Shell CSV output under Python 3.1 is corrected (work around Python 3.1
 StringIO bug/incompatibility with other Python versions).
 
-Simplified access to the shell's :attr:`database <Shell.db>` from the
+Simplified access to the shell's :attr:`database <shell.Shell.db>` from the
 API.
 
-Added a shell :ref:`example <example-shell>`.
+Added a shell :ref:`example <example_shell>`.
 
 
 3.6.23-r1
@@ -1097,7 +1205,7 @@
 even had an example showing it to be part of the module and not a
 specific connection!)
 
-There is now an :class:`interactive shell <Shell>` very similar to
+There is now an :class:`interactive shell <shell.Shell>` very similar to
 that `provided by SQLite <https://sqlite.org/sqlite.html>`__.  You
 can embed it in your own program, inherit from it to provide more
 commands and output modes, or just run it like this::
@@ -1115,15 +1223,14 @@
 applicable to appropriate commands only.  Read the :ref:`updated
 documentation <setup_py_flags>`.
 
-You can now specify :option:`build --enable=stat2` to :file:`setup.py`
+You can now specify `build --enable=stat2` to :file:`setup.py`
 to enable `advanced statistics gathering
 <https://sqlite.org/compile.html#enable_stat2>`__ for query
 planning.
 
 :file:`setup.py` can automatically fetch the asyncvfs
 extension for you.  If the source is present when APSW is built then
-it will be automatically included and the :meth:`API
-<async_initialize>` provided.
+it will be automatically included and *async_initialize* called.
 
 A :meth:`fork_checker` is available which turns on detection when you
 have used SQLite objects across a fork (a **very** bad thing).  This
@@ -1134,7 +1241,7 @@
 Extension loading is now compiled in by default when using the
 amalgamation and compiled out when using existing libraries.  This is
 more likely to match your machine.  You can use
-:option:`--omit=load_extension` or :option:`--enable=load_extension`
+`--omit=load_extension` or `--enable=load_extension`
 to the build/build_ext commands to explicitly disable/enable extension
 loading.  :issue:`67`
 
@@ -1143,7 +1250,7 @@
 
 :ref:`setup.py <setup_py_flags>` can also fetch the version of SQLite
 currently under development before a release.  Use
-:option:`--version=fossil`.
+`--version=fossil`.
 
 Updated which code uses `experimental SQLite APIs
 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/experimental.html>`__ based on changes in
@@ -1172,7 +1279,7 @@
 Hosting remains at `Google Code <https://code.google.com/p/apsw/>`_
 
 Updated a test due to VFS xUnlock errors now being ignored sometimes
-by SQLite (:cvstrac:`3946`).
+by SQLite (cvstrac 3946).
 
 The downloads page in the help didn't mention the Windows Python 3.1
 installer.
@@ -1201,7 +1308,7 @@
 3.6.15-r1
 =========
 
-Fixed :issue:`50` where :meth:`blob.read` was returning :const:`None`
+Fixed :issue:`50` where :meth:`Blob.read` was returning *None*
 on end of file instead of the documented (and correct) empty
 string/bytes.
 
@@ -1213,7 +1320,7 @@
 
 Updated test code because SQLite 3.6.15 returns a different error code
 on trying to register a function with too many arguments (see
-:cvstrac:`3875`).
+cvstrac 3875).
 
 3.6.14.1-r1
 ===========
@@ -1277,9 +1384,9 @@
 tracers <executiontracer>` then they will be called with the savepoint
 SQL statements.
 
-You can also use :class:`blobs <blob>` as a context manager which
+You can also use :class:`blobs <Blob>` as a context manager which
 ensures it is always closed when finished using it.  See
-:meth:`blob.__enter__` for an example.
+:meth:`Blob.__enter__` for an example.
 
 Added :ref:`constants <sqliteconstants>`:
 
@@ -1321,7 +1428,7 @@
 detecting and diagnosing this issue.
 
 :class:`Connections <Connection>`, :class:`cursors <Cursor>` and
-:class:`blobs <blob>` can be used by `weak references
+:class:`blobs <Blob>` can be used by `weak references
 <http://docs.python.org/library/weakref.html>`_.
 
 You can now install :class:`Connection` wide :meth:`execution
@@ -1345,17 +1452,17 @@
 without having to modify your code.
 
 Revert to using older SQLite APIs in order to work around
-:cvstrac:`2158`.  (This also saves a little bit of SQLite memory
+cvstrac 2158.  (This also saves a little bit of SQLite memory
 usage).  The user visible effect was that you could get different
 exceptions and error text depending on whether a query was already in
 the :ref:`statement cache <statementcache>` or if you were
 multi-threading.  As an example, if you have a query that used an
 unknown collation then SQLite's `prepare
 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`_ returns
-:const:`SQLITE_ERROR` with error text about the bad collation.  If a
+*SQLITE_ERROR* with error text about the bad collation.  If a
 query had already been prepared, the collation removed and then `run
 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/step.html>`_ the new SQLite routines are
-returning :const:`SQLITE_SCHEMA` and generic ``schema changed`` error
+returning *SQLITE_SCHEMA* and generic ``schema changed`` error
 text.  Changing user defined functions could also cause a previously
 correct query to become invalid.
 
@@ -1404,14 +1511,14 @@
 You can now write your own :ref:`VFS` in Python. You can also inherit
 from an existing VFS making it easy to augment or override small bits
 of behaviour without having to code everything else. See the
-:ref:`example <example-vfs>` where database files are obfuscated by
+:ref:`example <example_vfs>` where database files are obfuscated by
 XORing their contents.
 
-:file:`setup.py` now takes an optional :option:`--fetch-sqlite[=ver]`
+:file:`setup.py` now takes an optional `--fetch-sqlite[=ver]`
 argument to automatically download and use the latest SQLite
 amalgamation (or a specified version). On non-Windows platforms it
 will also work out what compile flags SQLite needs (for example
-:const:`HAVE_USLEEP`, :const:`HAVE_LOCALTIME_R`). Several other
+*HAVE_USLEEP*, *HAVE_LOCALTIME_R*). Several other
 options to :file:`setup.py` are also available to control
 enabling/omitting certains features and functionality. See
 :ref:`building <Building>` for further details.
@@ -1420,9 +1527,9 @@
 
 Added new constants:
 
-* :const:`SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS`, :const:`SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK` and :const:`SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK` extended result codes
-* :const:`SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX` and :const:`SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX` open flags
-* Several new :const:`SQLITE_CONFIG` and :const:`SQLITE_STATUS` codes
+* *SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS*, *SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK* and *SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK* extended result codes
+* *SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX* and *SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX* open flags
+* Several new *SQLITE_CONFIG* and *SQLITE_STATUS* codes
 
 Wrapped several new SQLite apis:
 
@@ -1446,7 +1553,7 @@
 Python 3 uses long exclusively. Thanks to Joe Pham for reporting this
 as :issue:`24`
 
-Added :meth:`Connection.getsqlite3pointer` method to help with
+Added :meth:`Connection.sqlite3pointer` method to help with
 :issue:`26`
 
 3.5.9-r2
@@ -1455,7 +1562,7 @@
 APSW now works with Python 3 (you need 3.0b1 or later).
 
 (:issue:`17`)
-Removed the :const:`SQLITE_MAX_*` constants since they could be
+Removed the *SQLITE_MAX_* constants since they could be
 unreliable (eg APSW can't tell what a shared library was compiled
 with). A workaround is documented in :func:`Connection.limit`.
 
@@ -1471,11 +1578,11 @@
 which improves performance and makes compilation and linking of SQLite
 far easier. The build instructions are updated.
 
-:const:`SQLITE_COPY` authorizer code and :const:`SQLITE_PROTOCOL`
+*SQLITE_COPY* authorizer code and *SQLITE_PROTOCOL*
 error code are no longer used by SQLite, but the values are left in
 apsw for backwards compatibility
 
-:const:`SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE`, :const:`SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED` and :const:`SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM`
+*SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE*, *SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED* and *SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM*
 
 :func:`Connection.interrupt` can be called from any thread
 
@@ -1553,7 +1660,7 @@
   <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/step.html>`_ didn't like being passed the
   NULL pointer).
 
-* Changed special handling of :const:`SQLITE_BUSY` error to be the same
+* Changed special handling of *SQLITE_BUSY* error to be the same
   as other errors. The special handling previously let you restart on
   receiving busy, but also hung onto statements which could result in
   other statements getting busy errors.
@@ -1592,27 +1699,28 @@
 
 All strings are returned as unicode.
 
-:func:`PyErr_WriteUnraisable` was used for errors in
-destructors. Unfortunately it is almost completely useless, merely
-printing :func:`str` of the object and exception. This doesn't help in
-finding where in your code the issue arose so you could fix it. An
-internal APSW implementation generates a traceback and calls
-:func:`sys.excepthook`, the default implementation of which prints the
-exception and the traceback to sys.stderr.
+`PyErr_WriteUnraisable
+<https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/exceptions.html?highlight=pyerr_writeunraisable#c.PyErr_WriteUnraisable>`__
+was used for errors in destructors. Unfortunately it is almost
+completely useless, merely printing *str* of the object and exception.
+This doesn't help in finding where in your code the issue arose so you
+could fix it. An internal APSW implementation generates a traceback
+and calls :func:`sys.excepthook`, the default implementation of which
+prints the exception and the traceback to sys.stderr.
 
   .. Note:: The line number reported in the traceback is often off by
             1. This is because the destructors run "between" lines of
             code and so the following line is reported as the current
             location.
 
-Authorizer codes :const:`SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE`,
-:const:`SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE` and :const:`SQLITE_FUNCTION` added.
+Authorizer codes *SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE*,
+*SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE* and *SQLITE_FUNCTION* added.
 
 SQLite `extended result codes
 <https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=ExtendedResultCodes>`_ are
 available - see :ref:`exceptions` for more detail.
 
-:data:`Connection.hooks` added so you can easily register functions,
+:data:`apsw.connection_hooks` added so you can easily register functions,
 virtual tables or similar items with each Connection as it is created.
 
 Added :ref:`mapping dicts <sqliteconstants>` which makes it easy to
@@ -1646,15 +1754,16 @@
 You can use this release against any release of SQLite 3 from 3.3.5
 onwards. A bug was also fixed when reporting an error during the
 cleanup of an aggregate function if there had also been an error in
-the step function.  (:func:`PyErr_WriteUnraisable(NULL)` crashed on
-some versions of Python but not others.)
+the step function.  (`PyErr_WriteUnraisable(NULL)
+<https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/exceptions.html?highlight=pyerr_writeunraisable#c.PyErr_WriteUnraisable>`__
+crashed on some versions of Python but not others.)
 
 SQLite added several functions for returning metadata about result
 column sets. You have to compile SQLite with
-:const:`SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA` to get them. This is not the
+*SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA* to get them. This is not the
 default for SQLite. I don't believe these are generally useful except
 in some corner cases and so they aren't wrapped. However please shout
-if you do need them.  Note that :func:`Cursor.getdescription` will
+if you do need them.  Note that :meth:`Cursor.getdescription` will
 already give you generally useful information. (Also see the `pragmas
 <https://sqlite.org/pragma.html>`_)
 
@@ -1684,14 +1793,14 @@
 You can use this release against any release of SQLite 3.
 
 SQLite 3.2.7 has several bug fixes. The undocumented experimental
-function :func:`sqlite3_profile` was added, but it not present in apsw
+function *sqlite3_profile* was added, but it not present in apsw
 yet.
 
 The author of pysqlite has improved it considerably since APSW was
 originally written. The differences section has been updated to
 reflect those improvements in pysqlite.
 
-:const:`SQLITE_INTERNAL` and :const:`SQLITE_NOTFOUND` error codes are
+*SQLITE_INTERNAL* and *SQLITE_NOTFOUND* error codes are
 not used according to 3.2.7 header file. They are still present in
 APSW for backwards compatibility.
 
@@ -1710,7 +1819,7 @@
 
 You can use this release against any release of SQLite 3.
 
-SQLite 3.2.2 API removed :func:`sqlite3_global_recover`. That function
+SQLite 3.2.2 API removed *sqlite3_global_recover*. That function
 was not wrapped in APSW. Note that SQLite 3.2.2 contains a bug fix
 that applies when you use 64 bit integer primary keys (32 bit ints are
 fine).
@@ -1724,7 +1833,7 @@
 code (collations are registered against the connection not the cursor)
 
 SQLite 3.2.1 had one addition in the stable C API, which was a new
-function named :func:`sqlite3_global_recover`. That function is not
+function named *sqlite3_global_recover*. That function is not
 applicable for wrapping in APSW.
 
 3.1.3-r1
@@ -1738,12 +1847,12 @@
 string was what the original class name was in an earlier version of
 the code.)
 
-Added :const:`SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE` and :const:`SQLITE_REINDEX`
+Added *SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE* and *SQLITE_REINDEX*
 constants for the authorizer function.  (These constants were
 introduced in SQLite 3.1.3).
 
 Changed various C++-isms into standard C (eg // comments and the
-placing of some :c:macro:`CHECK_THREAD` macro calls).
+placing of some *CHECK_THREAD* macro calls).
 
 Added module level function :meth:`~apsw.apswversion` which returns
 the version of APSW.
@@ -1754,14 +1863,14 @@
 not wrapped by APSW.  Please contact me if you believe they will
 remain in SQLite and you would like them wrapped:
 
-* :c:func:`sqlite3_sleep` An alternative function which sleeps for a
+* *sqlite3_sleep* An alternative function which sleeps for a
   specified number of milliseconds can be provided. By default SQLite
   just uses the standard operating system call.
-* :c:func:`sqlite3_expired` This function is internal to statement
+* *sqlite3_expired* This function is internal to statement
   execution. It would apply to the implementation of
   :meth:`Cursor.executemany` and could in theory provide a marginal
   improvement in performance.
-* A global variable :c:data:`sqlite3_temp_directory` can be used before
+* A global variable *sqlite3_temp_directory* can be used before
   any databases are opened to set where temporary files are created. By
   default SQLite just uses the standard operating system mechanisms.
 
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/connection.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/connection.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/connection.rst.txt	2022-07-30 08:02:16.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/connection.rst.txt	2022-11-25 06:27:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 .. Automatically generated by code2rst.py
-   code2rst.py src/connection.c doc/connection.rst
    Edit src/connection.c not this file!
 
 .. currentmodule:: apsw
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@
   in-memory database that is not shared with any other connections.
 
   :param flags: One or more of the `open flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`_ orred together
-  :param vfs: The name of the `vfs <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html>`_ to use.  If :const:`None` then the default
+  :param vfs: The name of the `vfs <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html>`_ to use.  If *None* then the default
      vfs will be used.
 
   :param statementcachesize: Use zero to disable the statement cache,
@@ -54,27 +53,60 @@
   transaction is rolled back, otherwise it is committed.  For example::
 
     with connection:
-        connection.cursor().execute("....")
+        connection.execute("....")
         with connection:
             # nested is supported
             call_function(connection)
-            connection.cursor().execute("...")
+            connection.execute("...")
             with connection as db:
                 # You can also use 'as'
                 call_function2(db)
-                db.cursor().execute("...")
+                db.execute("...")
 
   Behind the scenes the `savepoint
   <https://sqlite.org/lang_savepoint.html>`_ functionality introduced in
   SQLite 3.6.8 is used to provide nested transactions.
 
-.. method:: Connection.__exit__() -> Literal[False]
+.. method:: Connection.__exit__(etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Optional[bool]
 
   Implements context manager in conjunction with
   :meth:`~Connection.__enter__`.  Any exception that happened in the
   *with* block is raised after committing or rolling back the
   savepoint.
 
+.. index:: sqlite3_set_authorizer
+
+.. attribute:: Connection.authorizer
+  :type: Optional[Authorizer]
+
+  While `preparing <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`_
+  statements, SQLite will call any defined authorizer to see if a
+  particular action is ok to be part of the statement.
+
+  Typical usage would be if you are running user supplied SQL and want
+  to prevent harmful operations.  You should also
+  set the :class:`statementcachesize <Connection>` to zero.
+
+  The authorizer callback has 5 parameters:
+
+    * An `operation code <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_
+    * A string (or None) dependent on the operation `(listed as 3rd) <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_
+    * A string (or None) dependent on the operation `(listed as 4th) <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_
+    * A string name of the database (or None)
+    * Name of the innermost trigger or view doing the access (or None)
+
+  The authorizer callback should return one of *SQLITE_OK*,
+  *SQLITE_DENY* or *SQLITE_IGNORE*.
+  (*SQLITE_DENY* is returned if there is an error in your
+  Python code).
+
+  .. seealso::
+
+    * :ref:`Example <example_authorizer>`
+    * :ref:`statementcache`
+
+  Calls: `sqlite3_set_authorizer <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/set_authorizer.html>`__
+
 .. index:: sqlite3_autovacuum_pages
 
 .. method:: Connection.autovacuum_pages(callable: Optional[Callable[[str, int, int, int], int]]) -> None
@@ -129,15 +161,75 @@
    :param rowid: The id that uniquely identifies the row.
    :param writeable: If True then you can read and write the blob.  If False then you can only read it.
 
-   :rtype: :class:`blob`
+   :rtype: :class:`Blob`
 
    .. seealso::
 
-     * :ref:`Blob I/O example <example-blobio>`
+     * :ref:`Blob I/O example <example_blob_io>`
      * `SQLite row ids <https://sqlite.org/autoinc.html>`_
 
    Calls: `sqlite3_blob_open <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_open.html>`__
 
+.. method:: Connection.cache_stats(include_entries: bool = False) -> Dict[str, int]
+
+Returns information about the statement cache as dict.
+
+.. note::
+
+  Calling execute with "select a; select b; insert into c ..." will
+  result in 3 cache entries corresponding to each of the 3 queries
+  present.
+
+The returned dictionary has the following information.
+
+.. list-table::
+  :header-rows: 1
+  :widths: auto
+
+  * - Key
+    - Explanation
+  * - size
+    - Maximum number of entries in the cache
+  * - evictions
+    - How many entries were removed (expired) to make space for a newer
+      entry
+  * - no_cache
+    - Queries that had can_cache parameter set to False
+  * - hits
+    - A match was found in the cache
+  * - misses
+    - No match was found in the cache, or the cache couldn't be used
+  * - no_vdbe
+    - The statement was empty (eg a comment) or SQLite took action
+      during parsing (eg some pragmas).  These are not cached and also
+      included in the misses count
+  * - too_big
+    - UTF8 query size was larger than considered for caching.  These are also included
+      in the misses count.
+  * - max_cacheable_bytes
+    - Maximum size of query (in bytes of utf8) that will be considered for caching
+  * - entries
+    - (Only present if `include_entries` is True) A list of the cache entries
+
+If `entries` is present, then each list entry is a dict with the following information.
+
+.. list-table::
+  :header-rows: 1
+  :widths: auto
+
+  * - Key
+    - Explanation
+  * - query
+    - Text of the query itself (first statement only)
+  * - prepare_flags
+    - Flags passed to `sqlite3_prepare_v3 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`__
+      for this query
+  * - uses
+    - How many times this entry has been (re)used
+  * - has_more
+    - Boolean indicating if there was more query text than
+      the first statement
+
 .. index:: sqlite3_changes64
 
 .. method:: Connection.changes() -> int
@@ -153,7 +245,7 @@
 .. method:: Connection.close(force: bool = False) -> None
 
   Closes the database.  If there are any outstanding :class:`cursors
-  <Cursor>`, :class:`blobs <blob>` or :class:`backups <backup>` then
+  <Cursor>`, :class:`blobs <Blob>` or :class:`backups <Backup>` then
   they are closed too.  It is normally not necessary to call this
   method as the database is automatically closed when there are no
   more references.  It is ok to call the method multiple times.
@@ -248,7 +340,7 @@
 
   .. seealso::
 
-     * :ref:`Example <aggregate-example>`
+     * :ref:`Example <example_aggregate>`
      * :meth:`~Connection.createscalarfunction`
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_create_function_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html>`__
@@ -279,7 +371,7 @@
 
   .. seealso::
 
-    * :ref:`Example <collation-example>`
+    * :ref:`Example <example_collation>`
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_create_collation_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_collation.html>`__
 
@@ -291,7 +383,7 @@
 
     .. seealso::
 
-       * :ref:`Example <example-vtable>`
+       * :ref:`Example <example_virtual_tables>`
 
     Calls: `sqlite3_create_module_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_module.html>`__
 
@@ -325,7 +417,7 @@
 
   .. seealso::
 
-     * :ref:`Example <scalar-example>`
+     * :ref:`Example <example_scalar>`
      * :meth:`~Connection.createaggregatefunction`
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_create_function_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html>`__
@@ -336,6 +428,20 @@
 
   :rtype: :class:`Cursor`
 
+.. attribute:: Connection.cursor_factory
+  :type: Callable[[Connection], Any]
+
+  Defaults to :class:`Cursor`
+
+  Called with a :class:`Connection` as the only parameter when a cursor
+  is needed such as by the :meth:`cursor` method, or
+  :meth:`Connection.execute`.
+
+  Note that whatever is returned doesn't have to be an actual
+  :class:`Cursor` instance, and just needs to have the methods present
+  that are actually called.  These are likely to be `execute`,
+  `executemany`, `close` etc.
+
 .. index:: sqlite3_db_filename
 
 .. method:: Connection.db_filename(name: str) -> str
@@ -388,6 +494,40 @@
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_enable_load_extension <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/enable_load_extension.html>`__
 
+.. attribute:: Connection.exectrace
+  :type: Optional[ExecTracer]
+
+  Called with the cursor, statement and bindings for
+  each :meth:`~Cursor.execute` or :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` on this
+  Connection, unless the :class:`Cursor` installed its own
+  tracer. Your execution tracer can also abort execution of a
+  statement.
+
+  If *callable* is *None* then any existing execution tracer is
+  removed.
+
+  .. seealso::
+
+    * :ref:`tracing`
+    * :ref:`rowtracer`
+    * :attr:`Cursor.exectrace`
+
+.. method:: Connection.execute(statements: str, bindings: Optional[Bindings] = None, *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor
+
+    Executes the statements using the supplied bindings.  Execution
+    returns when the first row is available or all statements have
+    completed.  (A cursor is automatically obtained).
+
+    See :meth:`Cursor.execute` for more details.
+
+.. method:: Connection.executemany(statements: str, sequenceofbindings:Sequence[Bindings], *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor
+
+This method is for when you want to execute the same statements over a
+sequence of bindings, such as inserting into a database.  (A cursor is
+automatically obtained).
+
+See :meth:`Cursor.executemany` for more details.
+
 .. index:: sqlite3_file_control
 
 .. method:: Connection.filecontrol(dbname: str, op: int, pointer: int) -> bool
@@ -458,21 +598,22 @@
 
 .. method:: Connection.getexectrace() -> Optional[ExecTracer]
 
-  Returns the currently installed (via :meth:`~Connection.setexectrace`)
-  execution tracer.
+  Returns the currently installed :attr:`execution tracer
+  <Connection.exectrace>`
 
-  .. seealso::
+.. method:: Connection.getrowtrace() -> Optional[RowTracer]
 
-    * :ref:`tracing`
+  Returns the currently installed :attr:`row tracer
+  <Connection.rowtrace>`
 
-.. method:: Connection.getrowtrace() -> Optional[RowTracer]
+.. index:: sqlite3_get_autocommit
 
-  Returns the currently installed (via :meth:`~Connection.setrowtrace`)
-  row tracer.
+.. attribute:: Connection.in_transaction
+  :type: bool
 
-  .. seealso::
+  True if currently in a transaction, else False
 
-    * :ref:`tracing`
+  Calls: `sqlite3_get_autocommit <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/get_autocommit.html>`__
 
 .. index:: sqlite3_interrupt
 
@@ -508,7 +649,7 @@
 
   .. seealso::
 
-    * :ref:`Example <example-limit>`
+    * :ref:`Example <example_limits>`
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_limit <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/limit.html>`__
 
@@ -553,7 +694,7 @@
   :param name: Function name
   :param nargs: How many arguments the function takes
 
-  Due to :cvstrac:`3507` underlying errors will not be returned.
+  Due to cvstrac 3507 underlying errors will not be returned.
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_overload_function <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/overload_function.html>`__
 
@@ -568,6 +709,23 @@
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_db_readonly <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/db_readonly.html>`__
 
+.. attribute:: Connection.rowtrace
+  :type: Optional[RowTracer]
+
+  Called with the cursor and row being returned for
+  :class:`cursors <Cursor>` associated with this Connection, unless
+  the Cursor installed its own tracer.  You can change the data that
+  is returned or cause the row to be skipped altogether.
+
+  If *callable* is *None* then any existing row tracer is
+  removed.
+
+  .. seealso::
+
+    * :ref:`tracing`
+    * :ref:`rowtracer`
+    * :attr:`Cursor.exectrace`
+
 .. index:: sqlite3_serialize
 
 .. method:: Connection.serialize(name: str) -> bytes
@@ -595,39 +753,9 @@
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/set_last_insert_rowid.html>`__
 
-.. index:: sqlite3_set_authorizer
-
-.. method:: Connection.setauthorizer(callable: Optional[Callable[[int, Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[str]], int]]) -> None
+.. method:: Connection.setauthorizer(callable: Optional[Authorizer]) -> None
 
-  While `preparing <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`_
-  statements, SQLite will call any defined authorizer to see if a
-  particular action is ok to be part of the statement.
-
-  Typical usage would be if you are running user supplied SQL and want
-  to prevent harmful operations.  You should also
-  set the :class:`statementcachesize <Connection>` to zero.
-
-  The authorizer callback has 5 parameters:
-
-    * An `operation code <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_
-    * A string (or None) dependent on the operation `(listed as 3rd) <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_
-    * A string (or None) dependent on the operation `(listed as 4th) <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_
-    * A string name of the database (or None)
-    * Name of the innermost trigger or view doing the access (or None)
-
-  The authorizer callback should return one of :const:`SQLITE_OK`,
-  :const:`SQLITE_DENY` or :const:`SQLITE_IGNORE`.
-  (:const:`SQLITE_DENY` is returned if there is an error in your
-  Python code).
-
-  Passing None unregisters the existing authorizer.
-
-  .. seealso::
-
-    * :ref:`Example <authorizer-example>`
-    * :ref:`statementcache`
-
-  Calls: `sqlite3_set_authorizer <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/set_authorizer.html>`__
+  Sets the :attr:`authorizer`
 
 .. index:: sqlite3_busy_handler
 
@@ -636,7 +764,7 @@
    Sets the busy handler to callable. callable will be called with one
    integer argument which is the number of prior calls to the busy
    callback for the same lock. If the busy callback returns False,
-   then SQLite returns :const:`SQLITE_BUSY` to the calling code. If
+   then SQLite returns *SQLITE_BUSY* to the calling code. If
    the callback returns True, then SQLite tries to open the table
    again and the cycle repeats.
 
@@ -675,7 +803,7 @@
 
 .. index:: sqlite3_commit_hook
 
-.. method:: Connection.setcommithook(callable: Optional[Callable[[], None]]) -> None
+.. method:: Connection.setcommithook(callable: Optional[CommitHook]) -> None
 
   *callable* will be called just before a commit.  It should return
   False for the commit to go ahead and True for it to be turned
@@ -685,26 +813,13 @@
 
   .. seealso::
 
-    * :ref:`Example <example-commithook>`
+    * :ref:`Example <example_commit_hook>`
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_commit_hook <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/commit_hook.html>`__
 
 .. method:: Connection.setexectrace(callable: Optional[ExecTracer]) -> None
 
-  *callable* is called with the cursor, statement and bindings for
-  each :meth:`~Cursor.execute` or :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` on this
-  Connection, unless the :class:`Cursor` installed its own
-  tracer. Your execution tracer can also abort execution of a
-  statement.
-
-  If *callable* is :const:`None` then any existing execution tracer is
-  removed.
-
-  .. seealso::
-
-    * :ref:`tracing`
-    * :ref:`rowtracer`
-    * :meth:`Cursor.setexectrace`
+   Method to set :attr:`Connection.exectrace`
 
 .. index:: sqlite3_profile
 
@@ -730,7 +845,7 @@
 
   .. seealso::
 
-     * :ref:`Example <example-progress-handler>`
+     * :ref:`Example <example_progress_handler>`
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_progress_handler <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/progress_handler.html>`__
 
@@ -739,7 +854,7 @@
 .. method:: Connection.setrollbackhook(callable: Optional[Callable[[], None]]) -> None
 
   Sets a callable which is invoked during a rollback.  If *callable*
-  is :const:`None` then any existing rollback hook is unregistered.
+  is *None* then any existing rollback hook is unregistered.
 
   The *callable* is called with no parameters and the return value is ignored.
 
@@ -747,26 +862,14 @@
 
 .. method:: Connection.setrowtrace(callable: Optional[RowTracer]) -> None
 
-  *callable* is called with the cursor and row being returned for
-  :class:`cursors <Cursor>` associated with this Connection, unless
-  the Cursor installed its own tracer.  You can change the data that
-  is returned or cause the row to be skipped altogether.
-
-  If *callable* is :const:`None` then any existing row tracer is
-  unregistered.
-
-  .. seealso::
-
-    * :ref:`tracing`
-    * :ref:`rowtracer`
-    * :meth:`Cursor.setexectrace`
+  Method to set :attr:`Connection.rowtrace`
 
 .. index:: sqlite3_update_hook
 
 .. method:: Connection.setupdatehook(callable: Optional[Callable[[int, str, str, int], None]]) -> None
 
   Calls *callable* whenever a row is updated, deleted or inserted.  If
-  *callable* is :const:`None` then any existing update hook is
+  *callable* is *None* then any existing update hook is
   unregistered.  The update hook cannot make changes to the database while
   the query is still executing, but can record them for later use or
   apply them in a different connection.
@@ -774,7 +877,7 @@
   The update hook is called with 4 parameters:
 
     type (int)
-      :const:`SQLITE_INSERT`, :const:`SQLITE_DELETE` or :const:`SQLITE_UPDATE`
+      *SQLITE_INSERT*, *SQLITE_DELETE* or *SQLITE_UPDATE*
     database name (string)
       This is ``main`` for the database or the name specified in
       `ATTACH <https://sqlite.org/lang_attach.html>`_
@@ -785,7 +888,7 @@
 
   .. seealso::
 
-      * :ref:`Example <example-updatehook>`
+      * :ref:`Example <example_update_hook>`
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_update_hook <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/update_hook.html>`__
 
@@ -794,7 +897,7 @@
 .. method:: Connection.setwalhook(callable: Optional[Callable[[Connection, str, int], int]]) -> None
 
  *callable* will be called just after data is committed in :ref:`wal`
- mode.  It should return :const:`SQLITE_OK` or an error code.  The
+ mode.  It should return *SQLITE_OK* or an error code.  The
  callback is called with 3 parameters:
 
    * The Connection
@@ -807,16 +910,17 @@
 
 .. method:: Connection.sqlite3pointer() -> int
 
-  Returns the underlying `sqlite3 *
-  <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/sqlite3.html>`_ for the connection. This
-  method is useful if there are other C level libraries in the same
-  process and you want them to use the APSW connection handle. The
-  value is returned as a number using :meth:`PyLong_FromVoidPtr` under the
-  hood. You should also ensure that you increment the reference count on
-  the :class:`Connection` for as long as the other libraries are using
-  the pointer.  It is also a very good idea to call
-  :meth:`sqlitelibversion` and ensure it is the same as the other
-  libraries.
+Returns the underlying `sqlite3 *
+<https://sqlite.org/c3ref/sqlite3.html>`_ for the connection. This
+method is useful if there are other C level libraries in the same
+process and you want them to use the APSW connection handle. The value
+is returned as a number using `PyLong_FromVoidPtr
+<https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/long.html?highlight=pylong_fromvoidptr#c.PyLong_FromVoidPtr>`__
+under the hood. You should also ensure that you increment the
+reference count on the :class:`Connection` for as long as the other
+libraries are using the pointer.  It is also a very good idea to call
+:meth:`sqlitelibversion` and ensure it is the same as the other
+libraries.
 
 .. index:: sqlite3_db_status
 
@@ -832,7 +936,7 @@
 
     The :func:`status` example which works in exactly the same way.
 
-    * :ref:`Status example <example-status>`
+    * :ref:`Status example <example_status>`
 
   Calls: `sqlite3_db_status <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/db_status.html>`__
 
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/cursor.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/cursor.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/cursor.rst.txt	2022-07-30 08:02:16.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/cursor.rst.txt	2022-11-25 06:27:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 .. Automatically generated by code2rst.py
-   code2rst.py src/cursor.c doc/cursor.rst
    Edit src/cursor.c not this file!
 
 .. currentmodule:: apsw
@@ -9,8 +8,12 @@
 Cursors (executing SQL)
 ***********************
 
-A cursor encapsulates a SQL query and returning results.  To make a
-new cursor you should call :meth:`~Connection.cursor` on your
+A cursor encapsulates a SQL query and returning results.  You only need an
+explicit cursor if you want more information or control over execution.  Using
+:meth:`Connection.execute` or :meth:`Connection.executemany` will automatically
+obtain a cursor behind the scenes.
+
+If you need a cursor you should call :meth:`~Connection.cursor` on your
 database::
 
   db=apsw.Connection("databasefilename")
@@ -38,7 +41,7 @@
   sql="insert into example values(?, ?)"
   cursor.execute(sql, ("string", 8390823904))
 
-  # You can also use dictionaries
+  # You can also use dictionaries (with colon, $, or @ before names)
   sql="insert into example values(:title, :isbn)"
   cursor.execute(sql, {"title": "string", "isbn": 8390823904})
 
@@ -50,10 +53,10 @@
 Cursors are cheap.  Use as many as you need.  It is safe to use them
 across threads, such as calling :meth:`~Cursor.execute` in one thread,
 passing the cursor to another thread that then calls
-:meth:`Cursor.next`.  The only thing you can't do is call methods at
+`next <https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html?highlight=next#next>`__.  The only thing you can't do is call methods at
 exactly the same time on the same cursor in two different threads - eg
 trying to call :meth:`~Cursor.execute` in both at the same time, or
-:meth:`~Cursor.execute` in one and :meth:`Cursor.next` in another.
+:meth:`~Cursor.execute` in one and `next <https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html?highlight=next#next>`__ in another.
 (If you do attempt this, it will be detected and
 :exc:`ThreadingViolationError` will be raised.)
 
@@ -70,8 +73,7 @@
 .. note::
 
   SQLite fetches data as it is needed.  If table *example* had 10
-  million rows it would only get the next row as requested (the for
-  loop effectively calls :meth:`~Cursor.next` to get each row).  This
+  million rows it would only get the next row as requested.  This
   code would not work as expected::
 
     for row in cursor.execute("select * from example"):
@@ -146,6 +148,11 @@
    force is True then all remaining work and state information will be
    silently discarded.
 
+.. attribute:: Cursor.connection
+  :type: Connection
+
+  :class:`Connection` this cursor is using
+
 .. attribute:: Cursor.description
     :type: Tuple[Tuple[str, str, None, None, None, None, None], ...]
 
@@ -154,9 +161,44 @@
     same as :meth:`getdescription` but with 5 Nones appended.  See
     also :issue:`131`.
 
-.. index:: sqlite3_prepare_v2, sqlite3_step, sqlite3_bind_int64, sqlite3_bind_null, sqlite3_bind_text, sqlite3_bind_double, sqlite3_bind_blob, sqlite3_bind_zeroblob
+.. index:: sqlite3_column_name, sqlite3_column_decltype, sqlite3_column_database_name, sqlite3_column_table_name, sqlite3_column_origin_name
+
+.. attribute:: Cursor.description_full
+  :type: Tuple[Tuple[str, str, str, str, str], ...]
+
+Only present if SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA was defined at
+compile time.
+
+Returns all information about the query result columns. In
+addition to the name and declared type, you also get the database
+name, table name, and origin name.
 
-.. method:: Cursor.execute(statements: str, bindings: Optional[Bindings] = None) -> Cursor
+Calls:
+  * `sqlite3_column_name <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_name.html>`__
+  * `sqlite3_column_decltype <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_decltype.html>`__
+  * `sqlite3_column_database_name <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_database_name.html>`__
+  * `sqlite3_column_table_name <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_database_name.html>`__
+  * `sqlite3_column_origin_name <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_database_name.html>`__
+
+.. attribute:: Cursor.exectrace
+  :type: Optional[ExecTracer]
+
+  Called with the cursor, statement and bindings for
+  each :meth:`~Cursor.execute` or :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` on this
+  cursor.
+
+  If *callable* is *None* then any existing execution tracer is
+  unregistered.
+
+  .. seealso::
+
+    * :ref:`tracing`
+    * :ref:`executiontracer`
+    * :attr:`Connection.exectrace`
+
+.. index:: sqlite3_prepare_v3, sqlite3_step, sqlite3_bind_int64, sqlite3_bind_null, sqlite3_bind_text, sqlite3_bind_double, sqlite3_bind_blob, sqlite3_bind_zeroblob
+
+.. method:: Cursor.execute(statements: str, bindings: Optional[Bindings] = None, *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor
 
     Executes the statements using the supplied bindings.  Execution
     returns when the first row is available or all statements have
@@ -166,6 +208,10 @@
       from books`` or ``begin; insert into books ...; select
       last_insert_rowid(); end``.
     :param bindings: If supplied should either be a sequence or a dictionary.  Each item must be one of the :ref:`supported types <types>`
+    :param can_cache: If False then the statement cache will not be used to find an already prepared query, nor will it be
+      placed in the cache after execution
+    :param prepare_flags: `flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.htm>`__ passed to
+      `sqlite_prepare_v3 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`__
 
     If you use numbered bindings in the query then supply a sequence.
     Any sequence will work including lists and iterators.  For
@@ -205,10 +251,9 @@
     .. seealso::
 
        * :ref:`executionmodel`
-       * :ref:`Example <example-cursor>`
 
     Calls:
-      * `sqlite3_prepare_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`__
+      * `sqlite3_prepare_v3 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`__
       * `sqlite3_step <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/step.html>`__
       * `sqlite3_bind_int64 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`__
       * `sqlite3_bind_null <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`__
@@ -217,7 +262,7 @@
       * `sqlite3_bind_blob <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`__
       * `sqlite3_bind_zeroblob <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`__
 
-.. method:: Cursor.executemany(statements: str, sequenceofbindings: Sequence[Bindings]) -> Cursor
+.. method:: Cursor.executemany(statements: str, sequenceofbindings: Sequence[Bindings], *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor
 
   This method is for when you want to execute the same statements over
   a sequence of bindings.  Conceptually it does this::
@@ -238,6 +283,24 @@
   statements can return data.  See :meth:`~Cursor.execute` for more
   information.
 
+.. index:: sqlite3_expanded_sql
+
+.. attribute:: Cursor.expanded_sql
+  :type: str
+
+  The SQL text with bound parameters expanded.  For example::
+
+     execute("select ?, ?", (3, "three"))
+
+  would return::
+
+     select 3, 'three'
+
+  Note that while SQLite supports nulls in strings, their implementation
+  of sqlite3_expanded_sql stops at the first null.
+
+  Calls: `sqlite3_expanded_sql <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/expanded_sql.html>`__
+
 .. method:: Cursor.fetchall() -> list[Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...]]
 
   Returns all remaining result rows as a list.  This method is defined
@@ -249,12 +312,7 @@
 
 .. method:: Cursor.getconnection() -> Connection
 
-  Returns the :class:`Connection` this cursor belongs to.  An example usage is to get another cursor::
-
-    def func(cursor):
-      # I don't want to alter existing cursor, so make a new one
-      mycursor=cursor.getconnection().cursor()
-      mycursor.execute("....")
+  Returns the :attr:`connection` this cursor is using
 
 .. index:: sqlite3_column_name, sqlite3_column_decltype
 
@@ -315,8 +373,8 @@
 
 .. method:: Cursor.getexectrace() -> Optional[ExecTracer]
 
-  Returns the currently installed (via :meth:`~Cursor.setexectrace`)
-  execution tracer.
+  Returns the currently installed :attr:`execution tracer
+  <Cursor.exectrace>`
 
   .. seealso::
 
@@ -331,33 +389,48 @@
 
     * :ref:`tracing`
 
-.. method:: Cursor.setexectrace(callable: Optional[ExecTracer]) -> None
+.. index:: sqlite3_stmt_isexplain
 
-  *callable* is called with the cursor, statement and bindings for
-  each :meth:`~Cursor.execute` or :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` on this
-  cursor.
+.. attribute:: Cursor.is_explain
+  :type: int
 
-  If *callable* is :const:`None` then any existing execution tracer is
-  unregistered.
+  Returns 0 if executing a normal query, 1 if it is an EXPLAIN query,
+  and 2 if an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN query.
 
-  .. seealso::
+  Calls: `sqlite3_stmt_isexplain <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/stmt_isexplain.html>`__
 
-    * :ref:`tracing`
-    * :ref:`executiontracer`
-    * :meth:`Connection.setexectrace`
+.. index:: sqlite3_stmt_readonly
 
-.. method:: Cursor.setrowtrace(callable: Optional[RowTracer]) -> None
+.. attribute:: Cursor.is_readonly
+  :type: bool
+
+  Returns True if the current query does not change the database.
+
+  Note that called functions, virtual tables etc could make changes though.
 
-  *callable* is called with cursor and row being returned.  You can
+  Calls: `sqlite3_stmt_readonly <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/stmt_readonly.html>`__
+
+.. attribute:: Cursor.rowtrace
+  :type: Optional[RowTracer]
+
+  Called with cursor and row being returned.  You can
   change the data that is returned or cause the row to be skipped
   altogether.
 
-  If *callable* is :const:`None` then any existing row tracer is
+  If *callable* is *None* then any existing row tracer is
   unregistered.
 
   .. seealso::
 
     * :ref:`tracing`
     * :ref:`rowtracer`
-    * :meth:`Connection.setexectrace`
+    * :attr:`Connection.rowtrace`
+
+.. method:: Cursor.setexectrace(callable: Optional[ExecTracer]) -> None
+
+  Sets the :attr:`execution tracer <Cursor.exectrace>`
+
+.. method:: Cursor.setrowtrace(callable: Optional[RowTracer]) -> None
+
+  Sets the :attr:`row tracer <Cursor.rowtrace>`
 
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/dbapi.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/dbapi.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/dbapi.rst.txt	2022-04-06 04:58:08.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/dbapi.rst.txt	2022-11-24 09:18:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -12,14 +12,12 @@
 
 There is no connect method. Use the :class:`Connection` constructor instead.
 
-The Connection object and any cursors can be used in any thread.  As
-an extreme example, you could call :meth:`Cursor.next` in separate
-threads each thread getting the next row.  You cannot use the cursor
-concurrently in multiple threads for example calling
-:meth:`Cursor.execute` at the same time.  If you attempt to do so then
-an :exc:`exception <ThreadingViolationError>` will be raised. The
-Python Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) is released during all SQLite API
-calls allowing for maximum concurrency.
+The Connection object and any cursors can be used in any thread.  You
+cannot use the cursor concurrently in multiple threads for example
+calling :meth:`Cursor.execute` at the same time.  If you attempt to do
+so then an :exc:`exception <ThreadingViolationError>` will be raised.
+The Python Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) is released during all SQLite
+API calls allowing for maximum concurrency.
 
 Three different paramstyles are supported. Note that SQLite starts
 parameter numbers from one not zero when using *qmark/numeric* style.
@@ -30,7 +28,8 @@
 | numeric         | ``... WHERE name=?4``           |
 +-----------------+---------------------------------+
 | named           | | ``... WHERE name=:name``  or  |
-|                 | | ``... WHERE name=$name``      |
+|                 | | ``... WHERE name=$name``  or  |
+|                 | | ``... WHERE name=@name``      |
 +-----------------+---------------------------------+
 
 The DBAPI exceptions are not used.  The :ref:`exceptions <exceptions>`
@@ -77,7 +76,9 @@
 it as an iterator to get the results (if any).
 
 fetchone is not available. Use the cursor as an iterator, or call
-:meth:`~Cursor.next` to get the next row.
+Python's `next function
+<https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html?highlight=next#next>`__
+to get the next row.
 
 fetchmany is not available. Use :meth:`~Cursor.fetchall` to get all
 remaining results.
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@
 instead are on the :mod:`apsw` module.  See :ref:`exceptions` for
 more details.
 
-Use :meth:`Cursor.getconnection` to get the associated Connection
+Use :attr:`Cursor.connection` to get the associated Connection
 object from a cursor.
 
 scroll and messages are not available.
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/download.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/download.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/download.rst.txt	2022-07-30 07:57:18.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/download.rst.txt	2022-11-25 06:08:34.000000000 +0000
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@
 
 .. downloads-begin
 
-* `apsw-3.39.2.0.zip
-  <https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/releases/download/3.39.2.0/apsw-3.39.2.0.zip>`__
+* `apsw-3.40.0.0.zip
+  <https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/releases/download/3.40.0.0/apsw-3.40.0.0.zip>`__
   (Source, includes this HTML Help)
 
-* `apsw-3.39.2.0-sigs.zip 
-  <https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/releases/download/3.39.2.0/apsw-3.39.2.0-sigs.zip>`__
+* `apsw-3.40.0.0-sigs.zip 
+  <https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/releases/download/3.40.0.0/apsw-3.40.0.0-sigs.zip>`__
   GPG signatures for all files
 
 .. downloads-end
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
   To verify a file just use --verify specifying the corresponding
   ``.asc`` filename.  This example verifies the source::
 
-      $ gpg --verify apsw-3.39.2.0.zip.asc
+      $ gpg --verify apsw-3.40.0.0.zip.asc
       gpg: Signature made ... date ... using DSA key ID 0DFBD904
       gpg: Good signature from "Roger Binns <rogerb@rogerbinns.com>"
 
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/example.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/example.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/example.rst.txt	2022-07-30 08:02:26.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/example.rst.txt	2022-11-27 06:17:16.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,782 +1,1580 @@
+.. Automatically generated by example2rst.py.  Do not edit this file
 
-.. Automatically generated by example2rst.py.  Edit that file
-   not this one!
+.. currentmodule:: apsw
 
-Example
-=======
+Example/Tour
+============
 
-This code demonstrates usage of the APSW api.  It gives you a good
-overview of all the things that can be done.  Also included is output
-so you can see what gets printed when you run the code.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    #!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-    import os
-    import sys
-    import time
-    import apsw
-
-    # Note: this code uses Python's optional typing annotations.  You can
-    # ignore them and do not need to use them
-    from typing import Optional, Iterator, Tuple
-
-    ###
-    ### Check we have the expected version of apsw and sqlite
-    ###
-
-    print("      Using APSW file", apsw.__file__)  # from the extension module
-    print("         APSW version", apsw.apswversion())  # from the extension module
-    print("   SQLite lib version", apsw.sqlitelibversion())  # from the sqlite library code
-    print("SQLite header version", apsw.SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER)  # from the sqlite header file at compile time
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   |       Using APSW file /space/apsw/apsw/__init__.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
-   |          APSW version 3.39.2.0
-   |    SQLite lib version 3.39.2
-   | SQLite header version 3039002
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### Opening/creating database
-    ###
-
-    connection = apsw.Connection("dbfile")
-    cursor = connection.cursor()
-
-.. _example-cursor:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### simple statement
-    ###
-
-    cursor.execute("create table foo(x,y,z)")
-
-    ###
-    ### using different types
-    ###
-
-    cursor.execute("insert into foo values(?,?,?)", (1, 1.1, None))  # integer, float/real, Null
-    cursor.execute("insert into foo(x) values(?)", ("abc", ))  # string (note trailing comma to ensure tuple!)
-    cursor.execute(
-        "insert into foo(x) values(?)",  # a blob (binary data)
-        (b"abc\xff\xfe", ))
-
-    ###
-    ### multiple statements
-    ###
-
-    cursor.execute(
-        "delete from foo; insert into foo values(1,2,3); create table bar(a,b,c) ; insert into foo values(4, 'five', 6.0)")
-
-    ###
-    ### iterator
-    ###
-
-    for x, y, z in cursor.execute("select x,y,z from foo"):
-        print(cursor.getdescription())  # shows column names and declared types
-        print(x, y, z)
-
-    ###
-    ### iterator - multiple statements
-    ###
-
-    for m, n, o in cursor.execute("select x,y,z from foo ; select a,b,c from bar"):
-        print(m, n, o)
-
-    ###
-    ### bindings - sequence
-    ###
-
-    cursor.execute("insert into foo values(?,?,?)", (7, 'eight', False))
-    cursor.execute("insert into foo values(?,?,?1)", ('one', 'two'))  # nb sqlite does the numbers from 1
-
-    ###
-    ### bindings - dictionary
-    ###
-
-    cursor.execute("insert into foo values(:alpha, :beta, :gamma)", {'alpha': 1, 'beta': 2, 'gamma': 'three'})
-
-.. _example-exectrace:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### tracing execution
-    ###
-
-    def mytrace(cursor: apsw.Cursor, statement: str, bindings: Optional[apsw.Bindings]) -> bool:
-        "Called just before executing each statement"
-        print("SQL:", statement)
-        if bindings:
-            print("Bindings:", bindings)
-        return True  # if you return False then execution is aborted
-
-    cursor.setexectrace(mytrace)
-    cursor.execute("drop table bar ; create table bar(x,y,z); select * from foo where x=?", (3, ))
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | SQL: drop table bar ;
-   | SQL:  create table bar(x,y,z);
-   | SQL:  select * from foo where x=?
-   | Bindings: (3,)
-
-.. _example-rowtrace:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### tracing results
-    ###
-
-    def rowtrace(cursor: apsw.Cursor, row: apsw.SQLiteValues) -> apsw.SQLiteValues:
-        """Called with each row of results before they are handed off.  You can return None to
-        cause the row to be skipped or a different set of values to return"""
-        print("Row:", row)
-        return row
-
-    cursor.setrowtrace(rowtrace)
-    for row in cursor.execute("select x,y from foo where x>3"):
-        pass
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | SQL: select x,y from foo where x>3
-   | Row: (4, 'five')
-   | Row: (7, 'eight')
-   | Row: ('one', 'two')
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    # Clear tracers
-    cursor.setrowtrace(None)
-    cursor.setexectrace(None)
-
-    ###
-    ### executemany
-    ###
-
-    # (This will work correctly with multiple statements, as well as statements that
-    # return data.  The second argument can be anything that is iterable.)
-    cursor.executemany("insert into foo (x) values(?)", ([1], [2], [3]))
-
-    # You can also use it for statements that return data
-    for row in cursor.executemany("select * from foo where x=?", ([1], [2], [3])):
-        print(row)
-
-.. _scalar-example:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### defining your own functions
-    ###
-
-    def ilove7(*args: apsw.SQLiteValue) -> int:
-        "a scalar function"
-        print("ilove7 got", args, "but I love 7")
-        return 7
-
-    connection.createscalarfunction("seven", ilove7)
-
-    for row in cursor.execute("select seven(x,y) from foo"):
-        print(row)
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | ilove7 got (1, 2) but I love 7
-   | (7,)
-   | ilove7 got (4, 'five') but I love 7
-   | (7,)
-   | ilove7 got (7, 'eight') but I love 7
-   | (7,)
-   | ilove7 got ('one', 'two') but I love 7
-   | (7,)
-   | ilove7 got (1, 2) but I love 7
-   | (7,)
-   | ilove7 got (1, None) but I love 7
-   | (7,)
-   | ilove7 got (2, None) but I love 7
-   | (7,)
-   | ilove7 got (3, None) but I love 7
-   | (7,)
-
-.. _aggregate-example:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### aggregate functions are more complex
-    ###
-
-    # Here we return the longest item when represented as a string.
-
-    class longest:
-
-        def __init__(self) -> None:
-            self.longest = ""
-
-        def step(self, *args: apsw.SQLiteValue) -> None:
-            for arg in args:
-                if len(str(arg)) > len(self.longest):
-                    self.longest = str(arg)
-
-        def final(self) -> str:
-            return self.longest
-
-        @classmethod
-        def factory(cls) -> apsw.AggregateCallbacks:
-            return cls(), cls.step, cls.final
-
-    connection.createaggregatefunction("longest", longest.factory)
-    for row in cursor.execute("select longest(x,y) from foo"):
-        print(row)
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | ('eight',)
-
-.. _collation-example:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### Defining collations.
-    ###
-
-    # The default sorting mechanisms don't understand numbers at the end of strings
-    # so here we define a collation that does
-
-    cursor.execute("create table s(str)")
-    cursor.executemany("insert into s values(?)", (["file1"], ["file7"], ["file17"], ["file20"], ["file3"]))
-
-    for row in cursor.execute("select * from s order by str"):
-        print(row)
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | ('file1',)
-   | ('file17',)
-   | ('file20',)
-   | ('file3',)
-   | ('file7',)
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    def strnumcollate(s1: apsw.SQLiteValue, s2: apsw.SQLiteValue) -> int:
-        # return -1 if s1<s2, +1 if s1>s2 else 0
-
-        # split values into two parts - the head and the numeric tail
-        values: list[tuple[str, int]] = [(str(s1), 0), (str(s2), 0)]
-        for vn, v in enumerate(values):
-            i = len(v[0])
-            for i in range(len(v[0]), 0, -1):
-                if v[0][i - 1] not in "01234567890":
-                    break
-            try:
-                v = (v[0][:i], int(v[0][i:]))
-                values[vn] = v
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-        # compare
-        if values[0] < values[1]:
-            return -1
-        if values[0] > values[1]:
-            return 1
-        return 0
-
-    connection.createcollation("strnum", strnumcollate)
-
-    for row in cursor.execute("select * from s order by str collate strnum"):
-        print(row)
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | ('file1',)
-   | ('file3',)
-   | ('file7',)
-   | ('file17',)
-   | ('file20',)
-
-.. _authorizer-example:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### Authorizer (eg if you want to control what user supplied SQL can do)
-    ###
-
-    def authorizer(operation: int, paramone: Optional[str], paramtwo: Optional[str], databasename: Optional[str], triggerorview: Optional[str]) -> int:
-        """Called when each operation is prepared.  We can return SQLITE_OK, SQLITE_DENY or
-        SQLITE_IGNORE"""
-        # find the operation name
-        print(apsw.mapping_authorizer_function[operation], paramone, paramtwo, databasename, triggerorview)
-        if operation == apsw.SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE and paramone and paramone.startswith("private"):
-            return apsw.SQLITE_DENY  # not allowed to create tables whose names start with private
-
-        return apsw.SQLITE_OK  # always allow
-
-    connection.setauthorizer(authorizer)
-    cursor.execute("insert into s values('foo')")
-    cursor.execute("select str from s limit 1")
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | SQLITE_INSERT s None main None
-   | SQLITE_SELECT None None None None
-   | SQLITE_READ s str main None
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    # Cancel authorizer
-    connection.setauthorizer(None)
-
-.. _example-progress-handler:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### progress handler (SQLite 3 experimental feature)
-    ###
-
-    # something to give us large numbers of random numbers
-    import random
-
-    def randomintegers(howmany: int) -> Iterator[Tuple[int]]:
-        for i in range(howmany):
-            yield (random.randint(0, 9999999999), )
-
-    # create a table with 100 random numbers
-    cursor.execute("begin ; create table bigone(x)")
-    cursor.executemany("insert into bigone values(?)", randomintegers(100))
-    cursor.execute("commit")
-
-    # display an ascii spinner
-    _phcount = 0
-    _phspinner = "|/-\\"
-
-    def progresshandler() -> int:
-        global _phcount
-        sys.stdout.write(_phspinner[_phcount % len(_phspinner)] + chr(8))  # chr(8) is backspace
-        sys.stdout.flush()
-        _phcount += 1
-        time.sleep(0.1)  # deliberate delay so we can see the spinner (SQLite is too fast otherwise!)
-        return 0  # returning non-zero aborts
-
-    # register progresshandler every 20 instructions
-    connection.setprogresshandler(progresshandler, 20)
-
-    # see it in action - sorting 100 numbers to find the biggest takes a while
-    print("spinny thing -> ", end="")
-    for i in cursor.execute("select max(x) from bigone"):
-        print("\n", i, sep="", end="")
-        sys.stdout.flush()
-
-    connection.setprogresshandler(None)
-
-.. _example-commithook:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### commit hook (SQLite3 experimental feature)
-    ###
-
-    def mycommithook() -> int:
-        print("in commit hook")
-        hour = time.localtime()[3]
-        if hour < 8 or hour > 17:
-            print("no commits out of hours")
-            return 1  # abort commits outside of 8am through 6pm
-        print("commits okay at this time")
-        return 0  # let commit go ahead
-
-    connection.setcommithook(mycommithook)
-    try:
-        cursor.execute("begin; create table example(x,y,z); insert into example values (3,4,5) ; commit")
-    except apsw.ConstraintError:
-        print("commit was not allowed")
-
-    connection.setcommithook(None)
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | in commit hook
-   | commits okay at this time
-
-.. _example-updatehook:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### update hook
-    ###
-
-    def myupdatehook(type: int, databasename: str, tablename: str, rowid: int) -> None:
-        print("Updated: %s database %s, table %s, row %d" %
-              (apsw.mapping_authorizer_function[type], databasename, tablename, rowid))
-
-    connection.setupdatehook(myupdatehook)
-    cursor.execute("insert into s values(?)", ("file93", ))
-    cursor.execute("update s set str=? where str=?", ("file94", "file93"))
-    cursor.execute("delete from s where str=?", ("file94", ))
-    connection.setupdatehook(None)
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | Updated: SQLITE_INSERT database main, table s, row 7
-   | Updated: SQLITE_UPDATE database main, table s, row 7
-   | Updated: SQLITE_DELETE database main, table s, row 7
-
-.. _example-blobio:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### Blob I/O
-    ###
-
-    cursor.execute("create table blobby(x,y)")
-    # Add a blob we will fill in later
-    cursor.execute("insert into blobby values(1,zeroblob(10000))")
-    # Or as a binding
-    cursor.execute("insert into blobby values(2,?)", (apsw.zeroblob(20000), ))
-    # Open a blob for writing.  We need to know the rowid
-    rowid = next(cursor.execute("select ROWID from blobby where x=1"))[0]
-    blob = connection.blobopen("main", "blobby", "y", rowid, True)
-    blob.write(b"hello world")
-    blob.seek(2000)
-    blob.write(b"hello world, again")
-    blob.close()
-
-.. _example-vtable:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### Virtual tables
-    ###
-
-    # This virtual table stores information about files in a set of
-    # directories so you can execute SQL queries
-
-    def getfiledata(directories):
-        columns = None
-        data = []
-        counter = 1
-        for directory in directories:
-            for f in os.listdir(directory):
-                if not os.path.isfile(os.path.join(directory, f)):
-                    continue
-                counter += 1
-                st = os.stat(os.path.join(directory, f))
-                if columns is None:
-                    columns = ["rowid", "name", "directory"] + [x for x in dir(st) if x.startswith("st_")]
-                data.append([counter, f, directory] + [getattr(st, x) for x in columns[3:]])
-        return columns, data
-
-    # This gets registered with the Connection
-    class Source:
-
-        def Create(self, db, modulename, dbname, tablename, *args):
-            columns, data = getfiledata([eval(a.replace("\\", "\\\\")) for a in args])  # eval strips off layer of quotes
-            schema = "create table foo(" + ','.join(["'%s'" % (x, ) for x in columns[1:]]) + ")"
-            return schema, Table(columns, data)
-
-        Connect = Create
-
-    # Represents a table
-    class Table:
-
-        def __init__(self, columns, data):
-            self.columns = columns
-            self.data = data
-
-        def BestIndex(self, *args):
-            return None
-
-        def Open(self):
-            return Cursor(self)
-
-        def Disconnect(self):
-            pass
-
-        Destroy = Disconnect
-
-    # Represents a cursor
-    class Cursor:
-
-        def __init__(self, table):
-            self.table = table
-
-        def Filter(self, *args):
-            self.pos = 0
-
-        def Eof(self):
-            return self.pos >= len(self.table.data)
-
-        def Rowid(self):
-            return self.table.data[self.pos][0]
-
-        def Column(self, col):
-            return self.table.data[self.pos][1 + col]
-
-        def Next(self):
-            self.pos += 1
-
-        def Close(self):
-            pass
-
-    # Register the module as filesource
-    connection.createmodule("filesource", Source())
-
-    # Arguments to module - all directories in sys.path
-    sysdirs = ",".join(["'%s'" % (x, ) for x in sys.path[1:] if len(x) and os.path.isdir(x)])
-    cursor.execute("create virtual table sysfiles using filesource(" + sysdirs + ")")
-
-    # Which 3 files are the biggest?
-    for size, directory, file in cursor.execute(
-            "select st_size,directory,name from sysfiles order by st_size desc limit 3"):
-        print(size, file, directory)
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | 46928312 d9e93640ccdc3fbe1e95__mypyc.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /home/rogerb/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages
-   | 1246656 unicodedata2.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
-   | 765704 _brotli.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    # Which 3 files are the oldest?
-    for ctime, directory, file in cursor.execute("select st_ctime,directory,name from sysfiles order by st_ctime limit 3"):
-        print(ctime, file, directory)
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | 1582056231.6234083 .style.yapf /space/apsw
-   | 1587233567.4374056 arandr-0.1.10.egg-info /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
-   | 1604593216.8926702 pyparsing.py /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
-
-.. _example-vfs:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### A VFS that "obfuscates" the database file contents.  The scheme
-    ### used is to xor all bytes with 0xa5.  This scheme honours that used
-    ### for MAPI and SQL Server.
-    ###
-
-    def encryptme(data):
-        if not data: return data
-        return bytes([x ^ 0xa5 for x in data])
-
-    # Inheriting from a base of "" means the default vfs
-    class ObfuscatedVFS(apsw.VFS):
-
-        def __init__(self, vfsname="obfu", basevfs=""):
-            self.vfsname = vfsname
-            self.basevfs = basevfs
-            apsw.VFS.__init__(self, self.vfsname, self.basevfs)
-
-        # We want to return our own file implementation, but also
-        # want it to inherit
-        def xOpen(self, name, flags):
-            # We can look at uri parameters
-            if isinstance(name, apsw.URIFilename):
-                print("fast is", name.uri_parameter("fast"))
-                print("level is", name.uri_int("level", 3))
-                print("warp is", name.uri_boolean("warp", False))
-                print("notpresent is", name.uri_parameter("notpresent"))
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | fast is speed
-   | level is 7
-   | warp is True
-   | notpresent is None
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-            return ObfuscatedVFSFile(self.basevfs, name, flags)
-
-    # The file implementation where we override xRead and xWrite to call our
-    # encryption routine
-    class ObfuscatedVFSFile(apsw.VFSFile):
-
-        def __init__(self, inheritfromvfsname, filename, flags):
-            apsw.VFSFile.__init__(self, inheritfromvfsname, filename, flags)
-
-        def xRead(self, amount, offset):
-            return encryptme(super(ObfuscatedVFSFile, self).xRead(amount, offset))
-
-        def xWrite(self, data, offset):
-            super(ObfuscatedVFSFile, self).xWrite(encryptme(data), offset)
-
-    # To register the VFS we just instantiate it
-    obfuvfs = ObfuscatedVFS()
-    # Lets see what vfs are now available?
-    print(apsw.vfsnames())
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | ['unix', 'obf', 'memdb', 'unix-excl', 'unix-dotfile', 'unix-none']
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    # Make an obfuscated db, passing in some URI parameters
-    obfudb = apsw.Connection("file:myobfudb?fast=speed&level=7&warp=on",
-                             flags=apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_URI,
-                             vfs=obfuvfs.vfsname)
-    # Check it works
-    obfudb.cursor().execute("create table foo(x,y); insert into foo values(1,2)")
-
-    # Check it really is obfuscated on disk
-    print(repr(open("myobfudb", "rb").read()[:20]))
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | b'\xf6\xf4\xe9\xcc\xd1\xc0\x85\xc3\xca\xd7\xc8\xc4\xd1\x85\x96\xa5\xb5\xa5\xa4\xa4'
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    # And unobfuscating it
-    print(repr(encryptme(open("myobfudb", "rb").read()[:20])))
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | b'SQLite format 3\x00\x10\x00\x01\x01'
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    # Tidy up
-    obfudb.close()
-    os.remove("myobfudb")
-
-.. _example-limit:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### Limits
-    ###
-
-    # Print some limits
-    for limit in ("LENGTH", "COLUMN", "ATTACHED"):
-        name = "SQLITE_LIMIT_" + limit
-        maxname = "SQLITE_MAX_" + limit  # compile time
-        orig = connection.limit(getattr(apsw, name))
-        print(name, orig)
-        # To get the maximum, set to 0x7fffffff and then read value back
-        connection.limit(getattr(apsw, name), 0x7fffffff)
-        max = connection.limit(getattr(apsw, name))
-        print(maxname, max)
-
-    # Set limit for size of a string
-    cursor.execute("create table testlimit(s)")
-    cursor.execute("insert into testlimit values(?)", ("x" * 1024, ))  # 1024 char string
-    connection.limit(apsw.SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH, 1023)  # limit is now 1023
-    try:
-        cursor.execute("insert into testlimit values(?)", ("y" * 1024, ))
-        print("string exceeding limit was inserted")
-    except apsw.TooBigError:
-        print("Caught toobig exception")
-    connection.limit(apsw.SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH, 0x7fffffff)
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH 1000000000
-   | SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH 1000000000
-   | SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN 2000
-   | SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN 2000
-   | SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED 125
-   | SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED 125
-   | Caught toobig exception
-
-.. _example-backup:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### Backup to memory
-    ###
-
-    # We will copy the disk database into a memory database
-
-    memcon = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-
-    # Copy into memory
-    with memcon.backup("main", connection, "main") as backup:
-        backup.step()  # copy whole database in one go
-
-    # There will be no disk accesses for this query
-    for row in memcon.cursor().execute("select * from s"):
-        pass
-
-.. _example-shell:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### Shell
-    ###
-
-    # Here we use the shell to do a csv export providing the existing db
-    # connection
-
-    # Export to a StringIO
-    import io
-
-    output = io.StringIO()
-    shell = apsw.Shell(stdout=output, db=connection)
-    # How to execute a dot command
-    shell.process_command(".mode csv")
-    shell.process_command(".headers on")
-    # How to execute SQL
-    shell.process_sql(
-        "create table csvtest(col1,col2); insert into csvtest values(3,4); insert into csvtest values('a b', NULL)")
-    # Let the shell figure out SQL vs dot command
-    shell.process_complete_line("select * from csvtest")
-
-    # Verify output
-    print(output.getvalue())
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | col1,col2
-   | 3,4
-   | a b,
-   | 
-
-.. _example-status:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### Statistics
-    ###
-
-    print("SQLite memory usage current %d max %d" % apsw.status(apsw.SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED))
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-   | SQLite memory usage current 315008 max 326872
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    ###
-    ### Cleanup
-    ###
-
-    # We can close connections manually (useful if you want to catch exceptions)
-    # but you don't have to
-    connection.close(True)  # force it since we want to exit
-
-    # Delete database - we don't need it any more
-    os.remove("dbfile")
+This code demonstrates usage of APSW.  It gives you a good overview of
+all the things that can be done.  Also included is output so you can
+see what gets printed when you run the code.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   #!/usr/bin/env python3
+   
+   from __future__ import annotations
+   
+   import os
+   import sys
+   import time
+   import apsw
+   import random
+   
+   # Note: this code uses Python's optional typing annotations.  You can
+   # ignore them and do not need to use them
+   from typing import Optional, Iterator, Tuple
+   
+
+.. index:: Checking APSW and SQLite versions (example code)
+
+.. _example_version_check:
+
+Checking APSW and SQLite versions
+---------------------------------
+
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # Where the extension module is on the filesystem
+   print("      Using APSW file", apsw.__file__)
+   
+   # From the extension
+   print("         APSW version", apsw.apswversion())
+   
+   # From the sqlite header file at APSW compile time
+   print("SQLite header version", apsw.SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER)
+   
+   # The SQLite code running
+   print("   SQLite lib version", apsw.sqlitelibversion())
+   
+   # If True then SQLite is incorporated into the extension.
+   # If False then a shared library is being used, or static linking
+   print("   Using amalgamation", apsw.using_amalgamation)
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+          Using APSW file /space/apsw/./apsw/__init__.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
+             APSW version 3.40.0.0
+    SQLite header version 3040000
+       SQLite lib version 3.40.0
+       Using amalgamation True
+
+
+.. index:: Opening the database (example code)
+
+.. _example_open_db:
+
+Opening the database
+--------------------
+
+You open the database by using :class:`Connection`
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # Default will create the database if it doesn't exist
+   connection = apsw.Connection("dbfile")
+   
+   # Open existing read-only
+   connection = apsw.Connection("dbfile", flags=apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY)
+   
+   # Open existing read-write (exception if it doesn't exist)
+   connection = apsw.Connection("dbfile", flags=apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE)
+   
+
+.. index:: Executing SQL (example code)
+
+.. _example_executing_sql:
+
+Executing SQL
+-------------
+
+Use :meth:`Connection.execute` to execute SQL
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   connection.execute("create table point(x,y,z)")
+   connection.execute("insert into point values(1, 2, 3)")
+   # You can use multiple ; separated statements
+   connection.execute("""
+       insert into point values(4, 5, 6);
+       create table log(timestamp, event);
+       create table foo(a, b, c);
+       create table important(secret, data);
+   """)
+   
+   # read rows
+   for row in connection.execute("select * from point"):
+       print(row)
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    (1, 2, 3)
+    (4, 5, 6)
+
+
+.. index:: Why you use bindings to provide values (example code)
+
+.. _example_why_bindings:
+
+Why you use bindings to provide values
+--------------------------------------
+
+It is tempting to compose strings with the values in them, but it is
+easy to mangle the query especially if values contain punctuation
+and unicode.  It is known as `SQL injection
+<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_injection>`__. Bindings are the
+correct way to supply values to queries.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # a simple value
+   event = "system started"
+   # DO NOT DO THIS
+   query = "insert into log values(0, '" + event + "')"
+   print("query:", query)
+   
+   # BECAUSE ... a bad guy could provide a value like this
+   event = "bad guy here') ; drop table important; -- "
+   # which has effects like this
+   query = "insert into log values(0, '" + event + "')"
+   print("bad guy:", query)
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    query: insert into log values(0, 'system started')
+    bad guy: insert into log values(0, 'bad guy here') ; drop table important; -- ')
+
+
+.. index:: Bindings (sequence) (example code)
+
+.. _example_bindings_sequence:
+
+Bindings (sequence)
+-------------------
+
+Bindings can be provided as a sequence such as with
+a tuple or list.  Use **?** to show where the values go.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   query = "insert into log values(?, ?)"
+   data = (7, "restart")
+   connection.execute(query, data)
+   
+   # You can also use numbers after the ? to select
+   # values from the sequence.  Note that numbering
+   # starts at 1
+   query = "select ?1, ?3, ?2"
+   data = ("alpha", "beta", "gamma")
+   for row in connection.execute(query, data):
+       print(row)
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    ('alpha', 'gamma', 'beta')
+
+
+.. index:: Bindings (dict) (example code)
+
+.. _example_bindings_dict:
+
+Bindings (dict)
+---------------
+
+You can also supply bindings with a dictionary.  Use **:NAME**,
+**@NAME**, or **$NAME**, to provide the key name in the query.
+Names are case sensitive.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   query = "insert into point values(:x, @Y, $z)"
+   data = {"x": 7, "Y": 8, "z": 9}
+   connection.execute(query, data)
+   
+
+.. index:: Using different types (example code)
+
+.. _example_types:
+
+Using different types
+---------------------
+
+SQLite supports None, int, float, str, bytes (binary data). If a
+table declaration gives a type then SQLite attempts conversion.
+`Read more <https://www.sqlite.org/flextypegood.html>`__.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   connection.execute("""
+       create table types1(a, b, c, d, e);
+       create table types2(a INTEGER, b REAL, c TEXT, d, e BLOB);
+       """)
+   
+   data = ("12", 3, 4, 5.5, b"\x03\x72\xf4\x00\x9e")
+   connection.execute("insert into types1 values(?,?,?,?,?)", data)
+   connection.execute("insert into types2 values(?,?,?,?,?)", data)
+   
+   for row in connection.execute("select * from types1"):
+       print("types1", repr(row))
+   
+   for row in connection.execute("select * from types2"):
+       print("types2", repr(row))
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    types1 ('12', 3, 4, 5.5, b'\x03r\xf4\x00\x9e')
+    types2 (12, 3.0, '4', 5.5, b'\x03r\xf4\x00\x9e')
+
+
+.. index:: Transactions (example code)
+
+.. _example_transaction:
+
+Transactions
+------------
+
+By default each statement is its own transaction (3 in the
+example below).  A transaction finishes by flushing data to
+storage and waiting for the operating system to confirm it is
+permanently there (ie will survive a power failure) which takes
+a while.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   connection.execute("insert into point values(2, 2, 2)")
+   connection.execute("insert into point values(3, 3, 3)")
+   connection.execute("insert into point values(4, 4, 4)")
+   
+   # You can use BEGIN / END to manually make a transaction
+   connection.execute("BEGIN")
+   connection.execute("insert into point values(2, 2, 2)")
+   connection.execute("insert into point values(3, 3, 3)")
+   connection.execute("insert into point values(4, 4, 4)")
+   connection.execute("END")
+   
+   # Or use `with`` that does it automatically
+   with connection:
+       connection.execute("insert into point values(2, 2, 2)")
+       connection.execute("insert into point values(3, 3, 3)")
+       connection.execute("insert into point values(4, 4, 4)")
+   
+   # Nested transactions are supported
+   with connection:
+       connection.execute("insert into point values(2, 2, 2)")
+       with connection:
+           connection.execute("insert into point values(3, 3, 3)")
+           connection.execute("insert into point values(4, 4, 4)")
+   
+
+.. index:: executemany (example code)
+
+.. _example_executemany:
+
+executemany
+-----------
+
+You can execute the same SQL against a sequence using
+:meth:`Connection.executemany`
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   data = (
+       (1, 1, 1),
+       (2, 2, 2),
+       (3, 3, 3),
+       (4, 4, 4),
+       (5, 5, 5),
+   )
+   query = "insert into point values(?,?,?)"
+   
+   # we do it in a transaction
+   with connection:
+       # the query is run for each item in data
+       connection.executemany(query, data)
+   
+
+.. index:: Tracing execution (example code)
+
+.. _example_exectrace:
+
+Tracing execution
+-----------------
+
+You can trace execution of SQL statements.  See :ref:`more about
+tracing <tracing>`.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   
+   def my_tracer(cursor: apsw.Cursor, statement: str, bindings: Optional[apsw.Bindings]) -> bool:
+       "Called just before executing each statement"
+       print("SQL:", statement.strip())
+       print("Bindings:", bindings)
+       return True  # if you return False then execution is aborted
+   
+   
+   # you can trace a single cursor
+   cursor = connection.cursor()
+   cursor.exectrace = my_tracer
+   cursor.execute(
+       """
+           drop table if exists bar;
+           create table bar(x,y,z);
+           select * from point where x=?;
+           """, (3, ))
+   
+   # if set on a connection then all cursors are traced
+   connection.exectrace = my_tracer
+   # and clearing it
+   connection.exectrace = None
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    SQL: drop table if exists bar;
+    Bindings: ()
+    SQL: create table bar(x,y,z);
+    Bindings: ()
+    SQL: select * from point where x=?;
+    Bindings: (3,)
+
+
+.. index:: Tracing returned rows (example code)
+
+.. _example_rowtrace:
+
+Tracing returned rows
+---------------------
+
+You can trace returned rows, including modifying what is returned or
+skipping it completely.  See :ref:`more about tracing <tracing>`.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   
+   def row_tracer(cursor: apsw.Cursor, row: apsw.SQLiteValues) -> apsw.SQLiteValues:
+       """Called with each row of results before they are handed off.  You can return None to
+       cause the row to be skipped or a different set of values to return"""
+       print("Row:", row)
+       return row
+   
+   
+   # you can trace a single cursor
+   cursor = connection.cursor()
+   cursor.rowtrace = row_tracer
+   for row in cursor.execute("select x,y from point where x>4"):
+       pass
+   
+   # if set on a connection then all cursors are traced
+   connection.rowtrace = row_tracer
+   # and clearing it
+   connection.rowtrace = None
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    Row: (7, 8)
+    Row: (5, 5)
+
+
+.. index:: Defining your own functions (example code)
+
+.. _example_scalar:
+
+Defining your own functions
+---------------------------
+
+Scalar functions take one or more values and return one value.  They
+are registered by calling :meth:`Connection.createscalarfunction`.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   
+   def ilove7(*args: apsw.SQLiteValue) -> int:
+       "A scalar function"
+       print(f"ilove7 got { args } but I love 7")
+       return 7
+   
+   
+   connection.createscalarfunction("seven", ilove7)
+   
+   for row in connection.execute("select seven(x,y) from point where x>4"):
+       print("row", row)
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    ilove7 got (7, 8) but I love 7
+    row (7,)
+    ilove7 got (5, 5) but I love 7
+    row (7,)
+
+
+.. index:: Defining aggregate functions (example code)
+
+.. _example_aggregate:
+
+Defining aggregate functions
+----------------------------
+
+Aggregate functions are called multiple times with matching rows,
+and then provide a final value.  An example is calculating an
+average.  They are registered by calling
+:meth:`Connection.createaggregatefunction`.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   
+   class longest:
+       # Find which value when represented as a string is
+       # the longest
+   
+       def __init__(self) -> None:
+           self.longest = ""
+   
+       def step(self, *args: apsw.SQLiteValue) -> None:
+           # Called with each matching row
+           for arg in args:
+               if len(str(arg)) > len(self.longest):
+                   self.longest = str(arg)
+   
+       def final(self) -> str:
+           # Called at the very end
+           return self.longest
+   
+       @classmethod
+       def factory(cls) -> apsw.AggregateCallbacks:
+           return cls(), cls.step, cls.final
+   
+   
+   connection.createaggregatefunction("longest", longest.factory)
+   for row in connection.execute("select longest(event) from log"):
+       print(row)
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    ('restart',)
+
+
+.. index:: Defining collations (sorting) (example code)
+
+.. _example_collation:
+
+Defining collations (sorting)
+-----------------------------
+
+How you sort can depend on the languages or values involved.  You
+register a collation by calling :meth:`Connection.createcollation`.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # This example sorting mechanisms understands some text followed by a
+   # number and ensures the number portion gets sorted correctly
+   
+   connection.execute("create table names(name)")
+   connection.executemany("insert into names values(?)", (
+       ("file1", ),
+       ("file7", ),
+       ("file17", ),
+       ("file20", ),
+       ("file3", ),
+   ))
+   
+   print("Standard sorting")
+   for row in connection.execute("select * from names order by name"):
+       print(row)
+   
+   
+   def str_num_collate(s1: apsw.SQLiteValue, s2: apsw.SQLiteValue) -> int:
+       # return -1 if s1<s2, +1 if s1>s2 else 0
+   
+       def parts(v: str) -> tuple[str, int]:
+           num = ""
+           while v and v[-1].isdigit():
+               num = v[-1] + num
+               v = v[:-1]
+           return v, int(num) if num else 0
+   
+       ps1 = parts(str(s1))
+       ps2 = parts(str(s2))
+   
+       # compare
+       if ps1 < ps2:
+           return -1
+       if ps1 > ps2:
+           return 1
+       return 0
+   
+   
+   connection.createcollation("strnum", str_num_collate)
+   
+   print()
+   print("Using strnum")
+   for row in connection.execute("select * from names order by name collate strnum"):
+       print(row)
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    Standard sorting
+    ('file1',)
+    ('file17',)
+    ('file20',)
+    ('file3',)
+    ('file7',)
+    
+    Using strnum
+    ('file1',)
+    ('file3',)
+    ('file7',)
+    ('file17',)
+    ('file20',)
+
+
+.. index:: Accessing results by column name (example code)
+
+.. _example_colnames:
+
+Accessing results by column name
+--------------------------------
+
+You can access results by column name using :mod:`dataclasses`.
+APSW provides :class:`apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory` for names
+instead
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   import apsw.ext
+   
+   connection.execute("""
+       create table books(id, title, author, year);
+       insert into books values(7, "Animal Farm", "George Orwell", 1945);
+       insert into books values(37, "The Picture of Dorian Gray", "Oscar Wilde", 1890);
+       """)
+   
+   # Normally you use column numbers
+   for row in connection.execute("select title, id, year from books where author=?", ("Oscar Wilde", )):
+       # this is very fragile
+       print("title", row[0])
+       print("id", row[1])
+       print("year", row[2])
+   
+   # Turn on dataclasses - frozen makes them read-only
+   connection.rowtrace = apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory(dataclass_kwargs={"frozen": True})
+   
+   print("\nNow with dataclasses\n")
+   
+   # Same query - note using AS to set column name
+   for row in connection.execute(
+           """SELECT title,
+              id AS book_id,
+              year AS book_year
+              FROM books WHERE author = ?""", ("Oscar Wilde", )):
+       print("title", row.title)
+       print("id", row.book_id)
+       print("year", row.book_year)
+   
+   # clear
+   connection.rowtrace = None
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    title The Picture of Dorian Gray
+    id 37
+    year 1890
+    
+    Now with dataclasses
+    
+    title The Picture of Dorian Gray
+    id 37
+    year 1890
+
+
+.. index:: Type conversion into/out of database (example code)
+
+.. _example_type_conversion:
+
+Type conversion into/out of database
+------------------------------------
+
+You can use :class:`apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory` to do
+conversion, both for types you define and for other types.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   import apsw.ext
+   
+   registrar = apsw.ext.TypesConverterCursorFactory()
+   connection.cursor_factory = registrar
+   
+   
+   # A type we define - deriving from SQLiteTypeAdapter automatically registers conversion
+   # to a SQLite value
+   class Point(apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter):
+   
+       def __init__(self, x, y):
+           self.x = x
+           self.y = y
+   
+       def __repr__(self) -> str:
+           return f"Point({ self.x }, { self.y })"
+   
+       def __eq__(self, other: Point) -> bool:
+           return isinstance(other, Point) and self.x == other.x and self.y == other.y
+   
+       def to_sqlite_value(self) -> str:
+           # called to convert Point into something SQLite supports
+           return f"{ self.x };{ self.y }"
+   
+       # This converter will be registered
+       @staticmethod
+       def convert_from_sqlite(value: str) -> Point:
+           return Point(*(float(part) for part in value.split(";")))
+   
+   
+   # An existing type
+   def complex_to_sqlite_value(c: complex) -> str:
+       return f"{ c.real }+{ c.imag }"
+   
+   
+   # ... requires manual registration
+   registrar.register_adapter(complex, complex_to_sqlite_value)
+   
+   # conversion from a SQLite value requires registration
+   registrar.register_converter("POINT", Point.convert_from_sqlite)
+   
+   
+   # ... and for complex
+   def sqlite_to_complex(v: str) -> complex:
+       return complex(*(float(part) for part in v.split("+")))
+   
+   
+   registrar.register_converter("COMPLEX", sqlite_to_complex)
+   
+   # note that the type names are case sensitive and must match the
+   # registration
+   connection.execute("create table conversion(p POINT, c COMPLEX)")
+   
+   # convert going into database
+   test_data = (Point(5.2, 7.6), 3 + 4j)
+   connection.execute("insert into conversion values(?, ?)", test_data)
+   print("inserted", test_data)
+   
+   # and coming back out
+   for row in connection.execute("select * from conversion"):
+       print("back out", row)
+       print("equal", row == test_data)
+   
+   # clear registrar
+   connection.cursor_factory = apsw.Cursor
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    inserted (Point(5.2, 7.6), (3+4j))
+    back out (Point(5.2, 7.6), (3+4j))
+    equal True
+
+
+.. index:: Query details (example code)
+
+.. _example_query_details:
+
+Query details
+-------------
+
+:meth:`apsw.ext.query_info` can provide a lot of information about a
+query (without running it)
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   import apsw.ext
+   
+   # test tables
+   connection.execute("""
+       create table customers(
+           id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+           name CHAR,
+           address CHAR);
+       create table orders(
+           id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+           customer_id INTEGER,
+           item MY_OWN_TYPE);
+       create index cust_addr on customers(address);
+   """)
+   
+   query = """
+       SELECT * FROM orders
+       JOIN customers ON orders.customer_id=customers.id
+       WHERE address = ?;
+       SELECT 7;"""
+   bindings = ("123 Main Street", )
+   
+   # ask for all information available
+   qd = apsw.ext.query_info(
+       connection,
+       query,
+       bindings=bindings,
+       actions=True,  # which tables/views etc and how they are accessed
+       expanded_sql=True,  # expands bindings into query string
+       explain=True,  # shows low level VDBE
+       explain_query_plan=True,  # how SQLite solves the query
+   )
+   
+   # help with formatting
+   import pprint
+   
+   
+   print("query", qd.query)
+   print("\nbindings", qd.bindings)
+   print("\nexpanded_sql", qd.expanded_sql)
+   print("\nfirst_query", qd.first_query)
+   print("\nquery_remaining", qd.query_remaining)
+   print("\nis_explain", qd.is_explain)
+   print("\nis_readonly", qd.is_readonly)
+   print("\ndescription\n", pprint.pformat(qd.description))
+   if hasattr(qd, "description_full"):
+       print("\ndescription_full\n", pprint.pformat(qd.description_full))
+   
+   
+   print("\nquery_plan\n", pprint.pformat(qd.query_plan))
+   print("\nFirst 5 actions\n", pprint.pformat(qd.actions[:5]))
+   print("\nFirst 5 explain\n", pprint.pformat(qd.explain[:5]))
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    query 
+        SELECT * FROM orders
+        JOIN customers ON orders.customer_id=customers.id
+        WHERE address = ?;
+        SELECT 7;
+    
+    bindings ('123 Main Street',)
+    
+    expanded_sql 
+        SELECT * FROM orders
+        JOIN customers ON orders.customer_id=customers.id
+        WHERE address = '123 Main Street';
+    
+    first_query 
+        SELECT * FROM orders
+        JOIN customers ON orders.customer_id=customers.id
+        WHERE address = ?;
+        
+    
+    query_remaining SELECT 7;
+    
+    is_explain 0
+    
+    is_readonly True
+    
+    description
+     (('id', 'INTEGER'),
+     ('customer_id', 'INTEGER'),
+     ('item', 'MY_OWN_TYPE'),
+     ('id', 'INTEGER'),
+     ('name', 'CHAR'),
+     ('address', 'CHAR'))
+    
+    description_full
+     (('id', 'INTEGER', 'main', 'orders', 'id'),
+     ('customer_id', 'INTEGER', 'main', 'orders', 'customer_id'),
+     ('item', 'MY_OWN_TYPE', 'main', 'orders', 'item'),
+     ('id', 'INTEGER', 'main', 'customers', 'id'),
+     ('name', 'CHAR', 'main', 'customers', 'name'),
+     ('address', 'CHAR', 'main', 'customers', 'address'))
+    
+    query_plan
+     QueryPlan(detail='QUERY PLAN',
+              sub=[QueryPlan(detail='SCAN orders', sub=None),
+                   QueryPlan(detail='SEARCH customers USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY '
+                                    '(rowid=?)',
+                             sub=None)])
+    
+    First 5 actions
+     [QueryAction(action=21,
+                 action_name='SQLITE_SELECT',
+                 column_name=None,
+                 database_name=None,
+                 file_name=None,
+                 function_name=None,
+                 module_name=None,
+                 operation=None,
+                 pragma_name=None,
+                 pragma_value=None,
+                 table_name=None,
+                 trigger_name=None,
+                 trigger_or_view=None,
+                 view_name=None),
+     QueryAction(action=20,
+                 action_name='SQLITE_READ',
+                 column_name='id',
+                 database_name='main',
+                 file_name=None,
+                 function_name=None,
+                 module_name=None,
+                 operation=None,
+                 pragma_name=None,
+                 pragma_value=None,
+                 table_name='orders',
+                 trigger_name=None,
+                 trigger_or_view=None,
+                 view_name=None),
+     QueryAction(action=20,
+                 action_name='SQLITE_READ',
+                 column_name='customer_id',
+                 database_name='main',
+                 file_name=None,
+                 function_name=None,
+                 module_name=None,
+                 operation=None,
+                 pragma_name=None,
+                 pragma_value=None,
+                 table_name='orders',
+                 trigger_name=None,
+                 trigger_or_view=None,
+                 view_name=None),
+     QueryAction(action=20,
+                 action_name='SQLITE_READ',
+                 column_name='item',
+                 database_name='main',
+                 file_name=None,
+                 function_name=None,
+                 module_name=None,
+                 operation=None,
+                 pragma_name=None,
+                 pragma_value=None,
+                 table_name='orders',
+                 trigger_name=None,
+                 trigger_or_view=None,
+                 view_name=None),
+     QueryAction(action=20,
+                 action_name='SQLITE_READ',
+                 column_name='id',
+                 database_name='main',
+                 file_name=None,
+                 function_name=None,
+                 module_name=None,
+                 operation=None,
+                 pragma_name=None,
+                 pragma_value=None,
+                 table_name='customers',
+                 trigger_name=None,
+                 trigger_or_view=None,
+                 view_name=None)]
+    
+    First 5 explain
+     [VDBEInstruction(addr=0,
+                     opcode='Init',
+                     comment=None,
+                     p1=0,
+                     p2=17,
+                     p3=0,
+                     p4=None,
+                     p5=0),
+     VDBEInstruction(addr=1,
+                     opcode='OpenRead',
+                     comment=None,
+                     p1=0,
+                     p2=13,
+                     p3=0,
+                     p4='3',
+                     p5=0),
+     VDBEInstruction(addr=2,
+                     opcode='OpenRead',
+                     comment=None,
+                     p1=1,
+                     p2=12,
+                     p3=0,
+                     p4='3',
+                     p5=0),
+     VDBEInstruction(addr=3,
+                     opcode='Rewind',
+                     comment=None,
+                     p1=0,
+                     p2=16,
+                     p3=0,
+                     p4=None,
+                     p5=0),
+     VDBEInstruction(addr=4,
+                     opcode='Column',
+                     comment=None,
+                     p1=0,
+                     p2=1,
+                     p3=1,
+                     p4=None,
+                     p5=0)]
+
+
+.. index:: Blob I/O (example code)
+
+.. _example_blob_io:
+
+Blob I/O
+--------
+
+BLOBS (binary large objects) are supported by SQLite.  Note that you
+cannot change the size of one, but you can allocate one filled with
+zeroes, and then later open it and read / write the contents similar
+to a file, without having the entire blob in memory.  Use
+:meth:`Connection.blobopen` to open a blob.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   connection.execute("create table blobby(x,y)")
+   # Add a blob we will fill in later
+   connection.execute("insert into blobby values(1, zeroblob(10000))")
+   # Or as a binding
+   connection.execute("insert into blobby values(2, ?)", (apsw.zeroblob(20000), ))
+   # Open a blob for writing.  We need to know the rowid
+   rowid = connection.execute("select ROWID from blobby where x=1").fetchall()[0][0]
+   blob = connection.blobopen("main", "blobby", "y", rowid, True)
+   blob.write(b"hello world")
+   blob.seek(2000)
+   blob.write(b"hello world, again")
+   blob.close()
+   
+
+.. index:: Authorizer (control what SQL can do) (example code)
+
+.. _example_authorizer:
+
+Authorizer (control what SQL can do)
+------------------------------------
+
+You can allow, deny, or ignore what SQL does.  Use
+:attr:`Connection.authorizer` to set an authorizer.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   
+   def auth(operation: int, p1: Optional[str], p2: Optional[str], db_name: Optional[str],
+            trigger_or_view: Optional[str]) -> int:
+       """Called when each operation is prepared.  We can return SQLITE_OK, SQLITE_DENY or
+       SQLITE_IGNORE"""
+       # find the operation name
+       print(apsw.mapping_authorizer_function[operation], p1, p2, db_name, trigger_or_view)
+       if operation == apsw.SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE and p1 and p1.startswith("private"):
+           return apsw.SQLITE_DENY  # not allowed to create tables whose names start with private
+   
+       return apsw.SQLITE_OK  # always allow
+   
+   
+   connection.authorizer = auth
+   connection.execute("insert into names values('foo')")
+   connection.execute("select name from names limit 1")
+   try:
+       connection.execute("create table private_stuff(secret)")
+       print("Created secret table!")
+   except Exception as e:
+       print(e)
+   
+   # Clear authorizer
+   connection.authorizer = None
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    SQLITE_INSERT names None main None
+    SQLITE_SELECT None None None None
+    SQLITE_READ names name main None
+    SQLITE_INSERT sqlite_master None main None
+    SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE private_stuff None main None
+    AuthError: not authorized
+
+
+.. index:: Progress handler (example code)
+
+.. _example_progress_handler:
+
+Progress handler
+----------------
+
+Some operations (eg joins, sorting) can take many operations to
+complete.  Register a progress handler callback with
+:meth:`Connection.setprogresshandler` which lets you provide
+feedback and allows cancelling.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   
+   def some_numbers(how_many: int) -> Iterator[Tuple[int]]:
+       for _ in range(how_many):
+           yield (random.randint(0, 9999999999), )
+   
+   
+   # create a table with random numbers
+   with connection:
+       connection.execute("create table numbers(x)")
+       connection.executemany("insert into numbers values(?)", some_numbers(100))
+   
+   
+   def progress_handler() -> bool:
+       print("progress handler called")
+       return False  # returning True aborts
+   
+   
+   # register handler every 50 vdbe instructions
+   connection.setprogresshandler(progress_handler, 50)
+   
+   # Sorting the numbers to find the biggest
+   for max_num in connection.execute("select max(x) from numbers"):
+       print(max_num)
+   
+   # Clear handler
+   connection.setprogresshandler(None)
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    progress handler called
+    progress handler called
+    progress handler called
+    progress handler called
+    progress handler called
+    progress handler called
+    progress handler called
+    progress handler called
+    (9996980943,)
+
+
+.. index:: Commit hook (example code)
+
+.. _example_commit_hook:
+
+Commit hook
+-----------
+
+A commit hook can allow or veto commits.  Register a commit hook
+with  :meth:`Connection.setcommithook`.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   
+   def my_commit_hook() -> bool:
+       print("in commit hook")
+       hour = time.localtime()[3]
+       if hour < 8 or hour > 17:
+           print("no commits out of hours")
+           return True  # abort commits outside of 8am through 6pm
+       print("commits okay at this time")
+       return False  # let commit go ahead
+   
+   
+   connection.setcommithook(my_commit_hook)
+   try:
+       with connection:
+           connection.execute("create table example(x,y,z); insert into example values (3,4,5)")
+   except apsw.ConstraintError:
+       print("commit was not allowed")
+   
+   connection.setcommithook(None)
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    in commit hook
+    no commits out of hours
+    commit was not allowed
+
+
+.. index:: Update hook (example code)
+
+.. _example_update_hook:
+
+Update hook
+-----------
+
+Update hooks let you know that data has been added, changed, or
+removed.  For example you could use this to discard cached
+information.  Register a hook using
+:meth:`Connection.setupdatehook`.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   
+   def my_update_hook(type: int, db_name: str, table_name: str, rowid: int) -> None:
+       op: str = apsw.mapping_authorizer_function[type]
+       print(f"Updated: { op } db { db_name }, table { table_name }, rowid { rowid }")
+   
+   
+   connection.setupdatehook(my_update_hook)
+   connection.execute("insert into names values(?)", ("file93", ))
+   connection.execute("update names set name=? where name=?", ("file94", "file93"))
+   connection.execute("delete from names where name=?", ("file94", ))
+   
+   # Clear the hook
+   connection.setupdatehook(None)
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    Updated: SQLITE_INSERT db main, table names, rowid 7
+    Updated: SQLITE_UPDATE db main, table names, rowid 7
+    Updated: SQLITE_DELETE db main, table names, rowid 7
+
+
+.. index:: Virtual tables (example code)
+
+.. _example_virtual_tables:
+
+Virtual tables
+--------------
+
+Virtual tables let you provide data on demand as a SQLite table so
+you can use SQL queries against that data. :ref:`Read more about
+virtual tables <virtualtables>`.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # This example provides information about all the files in Python's
+   # path.  The minimum amount of code needed is shown, and lets SQLite
+   # do all the heavy lifting.  A more advanced table would use indices
+   # and filters to reduce the number of rows shown to SQLite.
+   
+   # these first columns are used by our virtual table
+   vtcolumns = ["rowid", "name", "directory"]
+   
+   
+   def get_file_data(directories):
+       "Returns a list of column names, and a list of all the files with their attributes"
+       columns = None
+       data = []
+       counter = 1
+       for directory in directories:
+           for f in os.listdir(directory):
+               if not os.path.isfile(os.path.join(directory, f)):
+                   continue
+               counter += 1
+               st = os.stat(os.path.join(directory, f))
+               if columns is None:
+                   # we add on all the fields from os.stat
+                   columns = vtcolumns + [x for x in dir(st) if x.startswith("st_")]
+               data.append([counter, f, directory] + [getattr(st, x) for x in columns[3:]])
+       return columns, data
+   
+   
+   # This gets registered with the Connection
+   class Source:
+   
+       def Create(self, db, modulename, dbname, tablename, *args):
+           # the eval strips off layer of quotes
+           columns, data = get_file_data([eval(a.replace("\\", "\\\\")) for a in args])
+           schema = "create table foo(" + ','.join(["'%s'" % (x, ) for x in columns[1:]]) + ")"
+           return schema, Table(columns, data)
+   
+       Connect = Create
+   
+   
+   # Represents a table
+   class Table:
+   
+       def __init__(self, columns, data):
+           self.columns = columns
+           self.data = data
+   
+       def BestIndex(self, *args):
+           return None
+   
+       def Open(self):
+           return Cursor(self)
+   
+       def Disconnect(self):
+           pass
+   
+       Destroy = Disconnect
+   
+   
+   # Represents a cursor used during SQL query processing
+   class Cursor:
+   
+       def __init__(self, table):
+           self.table = table
+   
+       def Filter(self, *args):
+           self.pos = 0
+   
+       def Eof(self):
+           return self.pos >= len(self.table.data)
+   
+       def Rowid(self):
+           return self.table.data[self.pos][0]
+   
+       def Column(self, col):
+           return self.table.data[self.pos][1 + col]
+   
+       def Next(self):
+           self.pos += 1
+   
+       def Close(self):
+           pass
+   
+   
+   # Register the module as filesource
+   connection.createmodule("filesource", Source())
+   
+   # Arguments to module - all directories in sys.path
+   sysdirs = ",".join(["'%s'" % (x, ) for x in sys.path[1:] if len(x) and os.path.isdir(x)])
+   connection.execute("create virtual table sysfiles using filesource(" + sysdirs + ")")
+   
+   print("3 biggest files")
+   for size, directory, file in connection.execute(
+           "select st_size,directory,name from sysfiles order by st_size desc limit 3"):
+       print(size, file, directory)
+   
+   print()
+   print("3 oldest files")
+   for ctime, directory, file in connection.execute(
+           "select st_ctime,directory,name from sysfiles order by st_ctime limit 3"):
+       print(ctime, file, directory)
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    3 biggest files
+    546696 _ctypes.cpython-310d-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/lib/python3.10/lib-dynload
+    511328 _ssl.cpython-310d-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/lib/python3.10/lib-dynload
+    450008 _testcapi.cpython-310d-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/lib/python3.10/lib-dynload
+    
+    3 oldest files
+    1641597423.5541885 sitecustomize.py /usr/lib/python3.10
+    1664920933.397524 _gdbm.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/lib/python3.10/lib-dynload
+    1664921015.6046188 _tkinter.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/lib/python3.10/lib-dynload
+
+
+.. index:: VFS - Virtual File System (example code)
+
+.. _example_vfs:
+
+VFS - Virtual File System
+-------------------------
+
+VFS lets you control access to the filesystem from SQLite.  APSW
+makes it easy to "inherit" from an existing VFS and monitor or alter
+data as it flows through.  Read more about :ref:`VFS <vfs>`.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # This example VFS "obfuscates" the database file contents by xor all
+   # bytes with 0xa5.  URI parameters are also shown as a way you can
+   # pass additional information for files.
+   
+   
+   def obfuscate(data):
+       if not data: return data
+       return bytes([x ^ 0xa5 for x in data])
+   
+   
+   # Inheriting from a base of "" means the default vfs
+   class ObfuscatedVFS(apsw.VFS):
+   
+       def __init__(self, vfsname="obfuscated", basevfs=""):
+           self.vfs_name = vfsname
+           self.base_vfs = basevfs
+           apsw.VFS.__init__(self, self.vfs_name, self.base_vfs)
+   
+       # We want to return our own file implementation, but also
+       # want it to inherit
+       def xOpen(self, name, flags: int):
+           if isinstance(name, apsw.URIFilename):
+               print("xOpen of", name.filename())
+               # We can look at uri parameters
+               print("fast is", name.uri_parameter("fast"))
+               print("level is", name.uri_int("level", 3))
+               print("warp is", name.uri_boolean("warp", False))
+               print("notpresent is", name.uri_parameter("notpresent"))
+           else:
+               print("xOpen of", name)
+           return ObfuscatedVFSFile(self.base_vfs, name, flags)
+   
+   
+   # The file implementation where we override xRead and xWrite to call our
+   # encryption routine
+   class ObfuscatedVFSFile(apsw.VFSFile):
+   
+       def __init__(self, inheritfromvfsname, filename, flags):
+           apsw.VFSFile.__init__(self, inheritfromvfsname, filename, flags)
+   
+       def xRead(self, amount, offset):
+           return obfuscate(super().xRead(amount, offset))
+   
+       def xWrite(self, data, offset):
+           super().xWrite(obfuscate(data), offset)
+   
+   
+   # To register the VFS we just instantiate it
+   obfuvfs = ObfuscatedVFS()
+   
+   # Lets see what vfs are now available?
+   print("VFS available", apsw.vfsnames())
+   
+   # Make an obfuscated db, passing in some URI parameters
+   # default open flags
+   open_flags = apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE
+   # add in using URI parameters
+   open_flags |= apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_URI
+   
+   obfudb = apsw.Connection("file:myobfudb?fast=speed&level=7&warp=on&another=true",
+                            flags=open_flags,
+                            vfs=obfuvfs.vfs_name)
+   
+   # Check it works
+   obfudb.execute("create table foo(x,y); insert into foo values(1,2)")
+   
+   # Check it really is obfuscated on disk
+   print("What is on disk", repr(open("myobfudb", "rb").read()[:20]))
+   
+   # And unobfuscating it
+   print("Unobfuscated disk", repr(obfuscate(open("myobfudb", "rb").read()[:20])))
+   
+   # Tidy up
+   obfudb.close()
+   os.remove("myobfudb")
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    VFS available ['unix', 'obfuscated', 'memdb', 'unix-excl', 'unix-dotfile', 'unix-none']
+    xOpen of /space/apsw/myobfudb
+    fast is speed
+    level is 7
+    warp is True
+    notpresent is None
+    xOpen of /space/apsw/myobfudb-journal
+    xOpen of /space/apsw/myobfudb-journal
+    What is on disk b'\xf6\xf4\xe9\xcc\xd1\xc0\x85\xc3\xca\xd7\xc8\xc4\xd1\x85\x96\xa5\xb5\xa5\xa4\xa4'
+    Unobfuscated disk b'SQLite format 3\x00\x10\x00\x01\x01'
+
+
+.. index:: Limits (example code)
+
+.. _example_limits:
+
+Limits
+------
+
+SQLite lets you see and update various limits via
+:meth:`Connection.limit`
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # Print some limits
+   for limit in ("LENGTH", "COLUMN", "ATTACHED"):
+       name = "SQLITE_LIMIT_" + limit
+       max_name = "SQLITE_MAX_" + limit  # compile time limit
+       orig = connection.limit(getattr(apsw, name))
+       print(name, orig)
+       # To get the maximum, set to 0x7fffffff and then read value back
+       connection.limit(getattr(apsw, name), 0x7fffffff)
+       max = connection.limit(getattr(apsw, name))
+       print(max_name, " ", max)
+   
+   # Set limit for size of a string
+   connection.execute("create table testlimit(s)")
+   connection.execute("insert into testlimit values(?)", ("x" * 1024, ))  # 1024 char string
+   connection.limit(apsw.SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH, 1023)  # limit is now 1023
+   try:
+       connection.execute("insert into testlimit values(?)", ("y" * 1024, ))
+       print("string exceeding limit was inserted")
+   except apsw.TooBigError:
+       print("Caught toobig exception")
+   
+   # reset back to largest value
+   connection.limit(apsw.SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH, 0x7fffffff)
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH 1000000000
+    SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH   1000000000
+    SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN 2000
+    SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN   2000
+    SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED 125
+    SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED   125
+    Caught toobig exception
+
+
+.. index:: Backup an open database (example code)
+
+.. _example_backup:
+
+Backup an open database
+-----------------------
+
+You can backup a database that is open.  The pages are copied in
+batches of your choosing and allow continued use of the database.
+:ref:`Read more <backup>`.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # We will copy a disk database into a memory database
+   memcon = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
+   
+   # Copy into memory
+   with memcon.backup("main", connection, "main") as backup:
+       backup.step(10)  # copy 10 pages in each batch
+   
+
+.. index:: Shell (example code)
+
+.. _example_shell:
+
+Shell
+-----
+
+APSW includes a :ref:`shell <shell>`  like the one in `SQLite
+<https://sqlite.org/cli.html>`__, and is also extensible from
+Python.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   import apsw.shell
+   
+   # Here we use the shell to do a csv export and then dump part of the
+   # database
+   
+   # Export to a StringIO
+   import io
+   
+   output = io.StringIO()
+   shell = apsw.shell.Shell(stdout=output, db=connection)
+   
+   # How to execute a dot command
+   shell.process_command(".mode csv")
+   shell.process_command(".headers on")
+   
+   # How to execute SQL
+   shell.process_sql("""
+       create table csvtest(column1, column2 INTEGER);
+       create index faster on csvtest(column1);
+       insert into csvtest values(3, 4);
+       insert into csvtest values('a b', NULL);
+   """)
+   
+   # Or let the shell figure out SQL vs dot command
+   shell.process_complete_line("select * from csvtest")
+   
+   # see the result
+   print(output.getvalue())
+   
+   # reset output
+   output.seek(0)
+   
+   # make a dump of the same table
+   shell.process_command(".dump csvtest%")
+   
+   # see the result
+   print("\nDump output\n")
+   print(output.getvalue())
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    column1,column2
+    3,4
+    a b,
+    
+    
+    Dump output
+    
+    -- SQLite dump (by APSW 3.40.0.0)
+    -- SQLite version 3.40.0
+    -- Date: Sun Nov 27 07:17:16 2022
+    -- Tables like: csvtest%
+    -- Database: /space/apsw/dbfile
+    -- User: rogerb @ clamps
+    
+    -- The values of various per-database settings
+    PRAGMA page_size=4096;
+    -- PRAGMA encoding='UTF-8';
+    -- PRAGMA auto_vacuum=NONE;
+    -- PRAGMA max_page_count=1073741823;
+    
+    BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+    
+    -- Table  csvtest
+    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS csvtest;
+    CREATE TABLE csvtest(column1, column2 INTEGER);
+    INSERT INTO csvtest VALUES(3,4);
+    INSERT INTO csvtest VALUES('a b',NULL);
+    -- Triggers and indices on  csvtest
+    CREATE INDEX faster on csvtest(column1);
+    
+    COMMIT TRANSACTION;
+    
+
+
+.. index:: Statistics (example code)
+
+.. _example_status:
+
+Statistics
+----------
+
+SQLite provides statistics by :meth:`status`
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   current_usage, max_usage = apsw.status(apsw.SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED)
+   print(f"SQLite memory usage { current_usage } max { max_usage }")
+   
+
+
+.. code-block:: output
+
+    SQLite memory usage 298832 max 345560
+
+
+.. index:: Cleanup (example code)
+
+.. _example_cleanup:
+
+Cleanup
+-------
+
+As a general rule you do not need to do any cleanup.  Standard
+Python garbage collection will take of everything.  Even if the
+process crashes with a connection in the middle of a transaction,
+the next time SQLite opens that database it will automatically
+rollback the partial data.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # You close connections manually (useful if you want to catch exceptions)
+   connection.close()
+   #  You can call close multiple times, and also indicate to ignore exceptions
+   connection.close(True)
+   
+   # Deleting the database file. Note that there can be additional files
+   # with suffixes like -wal, -shm, and -journal.
+   os.remove("dbfile")
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/exceptions.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/exceptions.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/exceptions.rst.txt	2022-04-06 14:32:22.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/exceptions.rst.txt	2022-11-24 09:18:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 .. currentmodule:: apsw
 
 
-:exc:`apsw.Error` is the base for APSW exceptions.
-
 .. exception:: Error
 
+  This is the base for APSW exceptions.
+
 .. attribute:: Error.result
 
          For exceptions corresponding to `SQLite error codes
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 
 As an example, if SQLite issued a read request and the system returned
 less data than expected then :attr:`~Error.result` would have the value
-:const:`SQLITE_IOERR` while :attr:`~Error.extendedresult` would have
-the value :const:`SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ`.
+*SQLITE_IOERR* while :attr:`~Error.extendedresult` would have
+the value *SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ*.
 
 
 APSW specific exceptions
@@ -129,19 +129,19 @@
 
 .. exception:: SQLError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_ERROR`.  This error is documented as a bad SQL query
+  *SQLITE_ERROR*.  This error is documented as a bad SQL query
   or missing database, but is also returned for a lot of other
   situations.  It is the default error code unless there is a more
   specific one.
 
 .. exception:: MismatchError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_MISMATCH`. Data type mismatch.  For example a rowid
+  *SQLITE_MISMATCH*. Data type mismatch.  For example a rowid
   or integer primary key must be an integer.
 
 .. exception:: NotFoundError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_NOTFOUND`. Returned when various internal items were
+  *SQLITE_NOTFOUND*. Returned when various internal items were
   not found such as requests for non-existent system calls or file
   controls.
 
@@ -150,68 +150,68 @@
 
 .. exception:: InternalError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_INTERNAL`. (No longer used) Internal logic error in SQLite.
+  *SQLITE_INTERNAL*. (No longer used) Internal logic error in SQLite.
 
 .. exception:: ProtocolError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_PROTOCOL`. (No longer used) Database lock protocol error.
+  *SQLITE_PROTOCOL*. (No longer used) Database lock protocol error.
 
 .. exception:: MisuseError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_MISUSE`.  SQLite library used incorrectly - typically similar to ValueError in Python.  Examples include not
+  *SQLITE_MISUSE*.  SQLite library used incorrectly - typically similar to *ValueError* in Python.  Examples include not
   having enough flags when opening a connection (eg not including a READ or WRITE flag), or out of spec such as registering
   a function with more than 127 parameters.
 
 .. exception:: RangeError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_RANGE`.  (Cannot be generated using APSW).  2nd parameter to `sqlite3_bind <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`_ out of range
+  *SQLITE_RANGE*.  (Cannot be generated using APSW).  2nd parameter to `sqlite3_bind <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`_ out of range
 
 Permissions Etc
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 .. exception:: PermissionsError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_PERM`. Access permission denied by the operating system, or parts of the database are readonly such as a cursor.
+  *SQLITE_PERM*. Access permission denied by the operating system, or parts of the database are readonly such as a cursor.
 
 .. exception:: ReadOnlyError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_READONLY`. Attempt to write to a readonly database.
+  *SQLITE_READONLY*. Attempt to write to a readonly database.
 
 .. exception:: CantOpenError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_CANTOPEN`.  Unable to open the database file.
+  *SQLITE_CANTOPEN*.  Unable to open the database file.
 
 .. exception:: AuthError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_AUTH`.  :meth:`Authorization <Connection.setauthorizer>` denied.
+  *SQLITE_AUTH*.  :attr:`Authorization <Connection.authorizer>` denied.
 
 Abort/Busy Etc
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 .. exception:: AbortError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_ABORT`. Callback routine requested an abort.
+  *SQLITE_ABORT*. Callback routine requested an abort.
 
 .. exception:: BusyError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_BUSY`.  The database file is locked.  Use
+  *SQLITE_BUSY*.  The database file is locked.  Use
   :meth:`Connection.setbusytimeout` to change how long SQLite waits
   for the database to be unlocked or :meth:`Connection.setbusyhandler`
   to use your own handler.
 
 .. exception:: LockedError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_LOCKED`.  A table in the database is locked.
+  *SQLITE_LOCKED*.  A table in the database is locked.
 
 .. exception:: InterruptError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_INTERRUPT`.  Operation terminated by
+  *SQLITE_INTERRUPT*.  Operation terminated by
   `sqlite3_interrupt <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/interrupt.html>`_ -
   use :meth:`Connection.interrupt`.
 
 .. exception:: SchemaChangeError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_SCHEMA`.  The database schema changed.  A
+  *SQLITE_SCHEMA*.  The database schema changed.  A
   :meth:`prepared statement <Cursor.execute>` becomes invalid
   if the database schema was changed.  Behind the scenes SQLite
   reprepares the statement.  Another or the same :class:`Connection`
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@
 
 .. exception:: ConstraintError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_CONSTRAINT`. Abort due to `constraint
+  *SQLITE_CONSTRAINT*. Abort due to `constraint
   <https://sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html>`_ violation.  This
   would happen if the schema required a column to be within a specific
   range.  If you have multiple constraints, you `can't tell
@@ -232,44 +232,44 @@
 
 .. exception:: NoMemError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_NOMEM`.  A memory allocation failed.
+  *SQLITE_NOMEM*.  A memory allocation failed.
 
 .. exception:: IOError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_IOERR`.  Some kind of disk I/O error occurred.  The
+  *SQLITE_IOERR*.  Some kind of disk I/O error occurred.  The
   :ref:`extended error code <exceptions>` will give more detail.
 
 .. exception:: CorruptError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_CORRUPT`.  The database disk image appears to be a
+  *SQLITE_CORRUPT*.  The database disk image appears to be a
   SQLite database but the values inside are inconsistent.
 
 .. exception:: FullError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_FULL`.  The disk appears to be full.
+  *SQLITE_FULL*.  The disk appears to be full.
 
 .. exception:: TooBigError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_TOOBIG`.  String or BLOB exceeds size limit.  You can
+  *SQLITE_TOOBIG*.  String or BLOB exceeds size limit.  You can
   change the limits using :meth:`Connection.limit`.
 
 .. exception:: NoLFSError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_NOLFS`.  SQLite has attempted to use a feature not
+  *SQLITE_NOLFS*.  SQLite has attempted to use a feature not
   supported by the operating system such as `large file support
   <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_file_support>`_.
 
 .. exception:: EmptyError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_EMPTY`. Database is completely empty.
+  *SQLITE_EMPTY*. Database is completely empty.
 
 .. exception:: FormatError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_FORMAT`. (No longer used) `Auxiliary database <https://sqlite.org/lang_attach.html>`_ format error.
+  *SQLITE_FORMAT*. (No longer used) `Auxiliary database <https://sqlite.org/lang_attach.html>`_ format error.
 
 .. exception:: NotADBError
 
-  :const:`SQLITE_NOTADB`.  File opened that is not a database file.
+  *SQLITE_NOTADB*.  File opened that is not a database file.
   SQLite has a header on database files to verify they are indeed
   SQLite databases.
 
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/execution.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/execution.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/execution.rst.txt	2022-04-06 04:58:08.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/execution.rst.txt	2022-11-24 09:18:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -20,10 +20,8 @@
 
 The :meth:`Cursor.execute` method automatically does the preparing and
 starts execution. If none of the statements return rows then execution
-will go to the end. If a row is returned then you need to call
-:meth:`Cursor.next` to get the row values or use the cursor as an
-iterator. Execution will resume as necessary to satisfy
-:meth:`~Cursor.next` calls.
+will go to the end. If a row is returned then you use the cursor as an
+iterator. Execution will resume as necessary to return each result row.
 
 However this means that if you don't read the rows returned then the
 rest of your statements won't be executed.  APSW will detect
@@ -57,7 +55,7 @@
 Note that you cannot use the same cursor object in multiple threads
 concurrently to execute statements. APSW will detect this and throw an
 exception. It is safe to use the object serially (eg calling
-:meth:`Cursor.execute` in one thread and :meth:`Cursor.next` in
+:meth:`Cursor.execute` in one thread and iterator in
 another. You also can't do things like try to
 :meth:`~Connection.close` a Connection concurrently in two threads.
 
@@ -87,7 +85,7 @@
 blobs, number of columns etc even when compiled for 64 bit.
 Consequently you will get a TooBig exception from APSW which checks if
 strings/buffers longer than 1GB or 2GB (depends on internal storage)
-are used. See :cvstrac:`2125` and :cvstrac:`3246` for more details.
+are used. cvstrac 2125 and 3246 had more details.
 
 .. _statementcache:
 
@@ -98,7 +96,7 @@
 `prepared statement <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/stmt.html>`_ to avoid
 the overhead of `repreparing
 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`_ queries that are executed
-multiple times.  This is a classic tradeoff using more memory to
+multiple times.  This is a classic trade off using more memory to
 reduce CPU consumption.
 
 By default there are up to 100 entries in the cache.  Once the cache
@@ -109,14 +107,12 @@
 queries that you run.  For example if you have 101 different queries
 you run in order then the cache will not help.
 
-You can also :class:`specify zero <Connection>` which will disable the
-statement cache.
-
-If you are using :meth:`authorizers <Connection.setauthorizer>` then
-you should disable the statement cache.  This is because the
-authorizer callback is only called while statements are being
-prepared.
 
+If you are using :attr:`authorizers <Connection.authorizer>` then be
+aware authorizer callback is only called while statements are being
+prepared.  You can :class:`specify zero <Connection>` which will
+disable the statement cache completely, use use `can_cache = False`
+flag to `execute`/`executemany`.
 
 .. _tracing:
 
@@ -137,7 +133,7 @@
   in the tracer then do them from a new cursor object.  For example::
 
     def exectracer(cursor, sql, bindings):
-      cursor.getconnection().cursor("insert into log values(?,?)", (sql,str(bindings)))
+      cursor.connection.cursor().execute("insert into log values(?,?)", (sql,str(bindings)))
       return True
 
 .. _executiontracer:
@@ -155,16 +151,16 @@
   sql
     The SQL text being executed
   bindings
-    The bindings being used.  This may be :const:`None`, a dictionary or
+    The bindings being used.  This may be *`None*, a dictionary or
     a tuple.
 
-If the tracer return value evaluates to False/None then execution is
+If the tracer return value is False then execution is
 aborted with an :exc:`ExecTraceAbort` exception.  See the
-:ref:`example <example-exectrace>`.
+:ref:`example <example_exectrace>`.
 
-Execution tracers can be installed on a specific cursor by calling
-:meth:`Cursor.setexectrace` or for all cursors by calling
-:meth:`Connection.setexectrace`, with the cursor tracer taking
+Execution tracers can be installed on a specific cursor by setting
+:attr:`Cursor.exectrace` or for all cursors by setting
+:attr:`Connection.exectrace`, with the cursor tracer taking
 priority.
 
 If you use the Connection :meth:`with <Connection.__enter__>` statement
@@ -188,11 +184,11 @@
 
 Whatever you return from the tracer is what is actually returned to
 the caller of :meth:`~Cursor.execute`. If you return None then the
-whole row is skipped. See the :ref:`example <example-rowtrace>`.
+whole row is skipped. See the :ref:`example <example_rowtrace>`.
 
-Row tracers can be installed on a specific cursor by calling
-:meth:`Cursor.setrowtrace` or for all cursors by calling
-:meth:`Connection.setrowtrace`, with the cursor tracer taking
+Row tracers can be installed on a specific cursor by setting
+:attr:`Cursor.rowtrace` or for all cursors by setting
+:attr:`Connection.rowtrace`, with the cursor tracer taking
 priority.
 
 .. _apswtrace:
@@ -200,25 +196,16 @@
 APSW Trace
 ==========
 
-APSW includes a tracing script as part of the :ref:`source
-distribution <source_and_binaries>` named :file:`apswtrace.py`, or you
-can get a copy directly from :source:`source control
-<tools/apswtrace.py>` (choose "Raw File").  This script lets you
-easily trace SQL execution as well as providing a summary report
-without modifying your code.  If it is installed anywhere on your
-:envvar:`PYTHONPATH` then you can invoke it with ``-m``::
-
-  $ python -m apswtrace [apswtrace options] yourscript.py [your options]
-
-You can also invoke it directly::
+APSW includes a tracer that lets you easily trace SQL execution as
+well as providing a summary report without modifying your code.
 
-  $ python /path/to/apswtrace.py [apswtrace options] yourscript.py [your options]
+  $ python3 -m apsw.trace [apswtrace options] yourscript.py [your options]
 
 All output is UTF-8 encoded.  The following options are available:
 
 .. code-block:: text
 
-  $ python apswtrace.py --help
+  $ python3 -m apsw.trace --help
   Usage: apswtrace.py [options] pythonscript.py [pythonscriptoptions]
 
   This script runs a Python program that uses APSW and reports on SQL queries
@@ -245,8 +232,8 @@
     --reports=REPORTS     Which reports to show
                           [summary,popular,aggregate,individual]
 
-This is sample output with the following options: :option:`--sql`,
-:option:`--rows`, :option:`--timestamps`, :option:`--thread`
+This is sample output with the following options: **--sql**,
+**--rows**, **--timestamps**, **--thread**
 
 .. code-block:: text
 
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/ext.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/ext.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/ext.rst.txt	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/ext.rst.txt	2022-11-26 08:52:34.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+.. currentmodule:: apsw.ext
+
+Various interesting and useful bits of functionality
+====================================================
+
+You need to import `apsw.ext` to use this module. :mod:`dataclasses`
+are used, and only Python 3.7+ is supported.
+
+Accessing result rows by column name
+------------------------------------
+
+See :ref:`the example <example_colnames>`.
+
+Use :class:`apsw.ext.DataClassRowFactory` as a
+:attr:`apsw.Connection.rowtrace` for an entire connection, or
+:attr:`apsw.Cursor.rowtrace` for a specific cursor.
+
+
+Converting types into and out of SQLite
+---------------------------------------
+
+SQLite only stores and returns 5 types:
+
+* None
+* int
+* float
+* str
+* bytes
+
+Use :class:`TypesConverterCursorFactory` as
+:attr:`apsw.Connection.cursor_factory` to adapt values going into
+SQLite, and convert them coming out.  See :ref:`the example
+<example_type_conversion>`.
+
+To convert values going into SQLite, do either of:
+
+* Inherit from :class:`apsw.ext.SQLiteTypeAdapter` and define a
+  *to_sqlite_value* method on the class
+
+* Call :meth:`TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_adapter` with the
+  type and a adapter function
+
+To adapt values coming out of SQLite:
+
+* Call :meth:`TypesConverterCursorFactory.register_converter` with the
+  exact type string in the table and a converter function
+
+Detailed Query Information
+--------------------------
+
+SQLite can provide lots of information about queries.  The
+:meth:`query_info <apsw.ext.query_info>` function can gather them up
+for you.  This includes:
+
+* **readonly** if the query makes no direct changes
+* **first_query** if multiple queries are provided
+* **actions** which databases, tables, columns, functions, views etc
+  are referenced - see `actions
+  <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`__
+* **query_plan** which indices, tables scans etc are used to find the
+  query results - see `query plans <https://sqlite.org/eqp.html>`__
+* **explain** for the low level steps taken inside SQLite - see
+  `SQLite bytecode <https://sqlite.org/opcode.html>`__
+
+See :ref:`the example <example_query_details>`.
+
+API Reference
+-------------
+
+.. automodule:: apsw.ext
+    :members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :member-order: bysource
+    :special-members: __call__
\ No newline at end of file
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/index.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/index.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/index.rst.txt	2022-07-29 11:46:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/index.rst.txt	2022-11-24 09:18:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -29,9 +29,11 @@
 <https://www.sqlite.org/fts5.html>`__)
 
 APSW is hosted at https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw and can be
-:doc:`downloaded <download>` from PyPI
+:doc:`downloaded <download>` from `PyPI
+<https://pypi.org/project/apsw/>`__
 
-Contents:
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`search`
 
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 2
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@
    vtable
    vfs
    shell
+   ext
 
    exceptions
    types
@@ -59,10 +62,3 @@
    benchmarking
    copyright
    changes
-
-Indices and tables
-==================
-
-* :ref:`genindex`
-* :ref:`modindex`
-* :ref:`search`
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/pysqlite.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/pysqlite.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/pysqlite.rst.txt	2022-04-06 04:58:08.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/pysqlite.rst.txt	2022-11-25 10:35:10.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 .. _pysqlitediffs:
 
-pysqlite differences
-********************
+sqlite3 module differences
+**************************
 
 .. currentmodule:: apsw
 
@@ -46,11 +46,9 @@
   you are very careful with your own mutexes you will have a crash or
   a deadlock.
 
-* APSW is a single file for the extension, :file:`apsw.pyd` on Windows
-  and :file:`apsw.so` on Unix/Mac (Note :pep:`3149`). There are no
-  other files needed and the :ref:`build instructions <building>` show
-  you how to include SQLite statically in this file. You can put this
-  file anywhere your Python session can reach.
+* APSW :ref:`build instructions <building>` show you how to include
+  SQLite statically in the extension, avoiding a dependency on system
+  SQLite.
 
 * **Nothing** happens behind your back. By default sqlite3 tries to
   manage transactions (for DBAPI compliance) by parsing your SQL for
@@ -86,7 +84,7 @@
 
 * :meth:`Cursor.executemany` also works with statements that return
   data such as selects, and you can have multiple statements.
-  sqlite3's :meth:`executescript` method doesn't allow any form of
+  sqlite3's *executescript* method doesn't allow any form of
   data being returned (it silently ignores any returned data).
 
 * sqlite3 swallows exceptions in your callbacks making it far harder
@@ -143,14 +141,9 @@
   available than just what is printed out when exceptions happen like
   above. See :ref:`augmented stack traces <augmentedstacktraces>`
 
-* APSW has :ref:`execution and row tracers <tracing>`.  sqlite3 has no
-  equivalent to :ref:`execution tracers <executiontracer>` and does
-  have data adaptors which aren't the same thing as a :ref:`row tracer
-  <rowtracer>` (for example you can't skip rows or add a new column to
-  each row returned).  sqlite3 does have a `row factory
-  <https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html?highlight=sqlite#accessing-columns-by-name-instead-of-by-index>`__
-  but you can easily emulate that with the row tracer and
-  :meth:`Cursor.getdescription`.
+* APSW has better :ref:`execution and row tracing <tracing>`.
+  :doc:`ext` provides accessing rows by column name, type conversion,
+  getting query details etc.
 
 * APSW has an :ref:`apswtrace <apswtrace>` utility script that traces
   execution and results in your code without having to modify it in
@@ -178,11 +171,5 @@
 What sqlite3 does better
 ========================
 
-* sqlite3 has an `adaptor system <https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html?highlight=sqlite#converting-sqlite-values-to-custom-python-types>`__
-  that lets you pretend SQLite stores and returns more types than it
-  really supports.  Note that the database won't be useful in a
-  non-sqlite3 context (eg PHP code looking at the same database isn't
-  going to recognise your Point class).  You can implement something
-  similar in APSW by intercepting :meth:`Cursor.execute` calls that
-  suitably mangles the bindings going to SQLite and does something
-  similar to the rows the iterator returns.
+* sqlite3 is part of the standard library, and is widely supported by
+  libraries that abstract away the database layer
\ No newline at end of file
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/shell.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/shell.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/shell.rst.txt	2022-02-25 14:11:28.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/shell.rst.txt	2022-11-24 09:18:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 The shell provides a convenient way for you to interact with SQLite,
 perform administration and supply SQL for execution.  It is modelled
 after the `shell that comes with SQLite
-<https://sqlite.org/sqlite.html>`__ which requires separate
+<https://sqlite.org/cli.html>`__ which requires separate
 compilation and installation.
 
 A number of the quirks and bugs in the SQLite shell are also
@@ -17,6 +17,23 @@
 and add your own commands.  The autoimport and find commands are also
 useful.
 
+Notes
+=====
+
+To interrupt the shell press Control-C. (On Windows if you press
+Control-Break then the program will be instantly aborted.)
+
+For Windows users you won't have command line editing and completion
+unless you install a `readline module
+<http://docs.python.org/library/readline.html>`__. You can pip install
+`pyreadline3 <https://pypi.org/project/pyreadline3/>`__ to get full
+functionality.
+
+For Windows users, the builtin console support for colour is used.  It
+is enabled by default in current versions of Windows, and a registry
+key enables for older versions `(details)
+<https://github.com/kiedtl/winfetch/wiki/ANSI-Colors>`__.
+
 Commands
 ========
 
@@ -86,7 +103,7 @@
 You can use the shell directly from the command line.  Invoke it like
 this::
 
-  $ python -c "import apsw;apsw.main()"  [options and arguments]
+  $ python3 -m apsw  [options and arguments]
 
 The following command line options are accepted:
 
@@ -120,22 +137,6 @@
 
 .. usage-end:
 
-Notes
-=====
-
-To interrupt the shell press Control-C. (On Windows if you press
-Control-Break then the program will be instantly aborted.)
-
-For Windows users you won't have command line editing and completion
-unless you install a `readline module
-<http://docs.python.org/library/readline.html>`__.  Fortunately there
-is one at https://ipython.org/pyreadline.html which works.
-However if this :class:`Shell` offers no completions it will start
-matching filenames even if they make no sense in the context.
-
-For Windows users you won't get colour output unless you install
-`colorama <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/colorama>`__
-
 Example
 =======
 
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@
 
 You can also use the shell programmatically (or even interactively and
 programmatically at the same time).  See the :ref:`example
-<example-shell>` for using the API.
+<example_shell>` for using the API.
 
 Unicode
 =======
@@ -166,14 +167,8 @@
 
 If the shell reads data that is not valid for the input encoding or
 cannot convert Unicode to the output encoding then you will get an
-error.
-
-When the shell starts, Python automatically detects the encodings to
-use for console input and output.  (For example on Unix like systems
-the LC_CTYPE environment variable is sometimes used.  On Windows it
-can find out the `code page
-<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_page>`__.)  You can override this
-autodetection by setting the PYTHONIOENCODING environment variable.
+error.  When the shell starts, Python automatically detects the
+encodings to use for console input and output.
 
 There is also a .encoding command.  This sets what encoding is used
 for any subsequent .read, .import and .output commands but does not
@@ -214,6 +209,6 @@
 can then `monkey patch <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey_patch>`__
 the shell as needed.
 
-.. autoclass:: apsw.Shell
+.. automodule:: apsw.shell
      :members:
      :undoc-members:
\ No newline at end of file
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/tips.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/tips.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/tips.rst.txt	2022-07-26 14:00:02.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/tips.rst.txt	2022-11-24 09:18:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
 APSW wraps the `SQLite C API
 <https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/intro.html>`__.  That means when SQLite
 adds new constant or API, then so does APSW.  You can think of APSW as
-the Python expression of SQLite's C API.
+the Python expression of SQLite's C API.  You can `lookup
+<genindex.html#S>`__ SQLite APIs to find which APSW functions and
+attributes call them.
 
 Consequently the APSW version mirrors the SQLite version.  You can use
 APSW with the corresponding version of SQLite, or any newer version of
@@ -42,6 +44,16 @@
 also unique in many ways.  Read about the unique features at the
 `SQLite website <https://sqlite.org/different.html>`__.
 
+.. note::
+
+  SQLite 3 has been available for two decades, improving and adding
+  features over time.  Because of strong compatibility guarantees, you
+  may need to opt-in to some like `foreign key enforcement
+  <https://www.sqlite.org/foreignkeys.html>`__.  It is a good idea to
+  review the `pragmas <https://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html#toc>`__ and
+  consider using :attr:`apsw.connection_hooks` to configure each
+  :class:`Connection`.
+
 Transactions
 ============
 
@@ -61,18 +73,18 @@
 If you do nothing, then each statement is a single transaction::
 
    # this will be 3 separate transactions
-   db.cursor().execute("INSERT ...")
-   db.cursor().execute("INSERT ...")
-   db.cursor().execute("INSERT ...")
+   db.execute("INSERT ...")
+   db.execute("INSERT ...")
+   db.execute("INSERT ...")
 
 You can use BEGIN/END to set the transaction boundary::
 
    # this will be one transaction
-   db.cursor().execute("BEGIN")
-   db.cursor().execute("INSERT ...")
-   db.cursor().execute("INSERT ...")
-   db.cursor().execute("INSERT ...")
-   db.cursor().execute("COMMIT")
+   db.execute("BEGIN")
+   db.execute("INSERT ...")
+   db.execute("INSERT ...")
+   db.execute("INSERT ...")
+   db.execute("COMMIT")
 
 However that is extra effort, and also requires error handling.  For example
 if the second INSERT failed then you likely want to ROLLBACK the incomplete
@@ -85,9 +97,9 @@
 
    # this will be one transaction with automatic commit and rollback
    with db:
-       db.cursor().execute("INSERT ...")
-       db.cursor().execute("INSERT ...")
-       db.cursor().execute("INSERT ...")
+       db.execute("INSERT ...")
+       db.execute("INSERT ...")
+       db.execute("INSERT ...")
 
 There are `technical details <https://www.sqlite.org/lang_transaction.html>`__
 at the `SQLite site <https://www.sqlite.org/docs.html>`__.
@@ -129,22 +141,6 @@
 The :ref:`documentation <cursors>` gives many examples of how to use
 various forms of bindings.
 
-Unicode
-=======
-
-SQLite only stores text as Unicode.  However it relies on SQLite API
-users to provide valid UTF-8 and does not double check.  (APSW only
-provides valid UTF-8).  It is possible using other wrappers and tools
-to cause invalid UTF-8 to appear in the database which will then cause
-retrieval errors.  You can work around this by using the SQL *CAST*
-operator.  For example::
-
-  SELECT id, CAST(label AS blob) from table
-
-Then proceed to give the `Joel Unicode article
-<http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html>`_ to all people
-involved.
-
 .. _diagnostics_tips:
 
 Diagnostics
@@ -192,26 +188,26 @@
 <https://sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_user_version>`__ as in this example::
 
   def user_version(db):
-    return db.cursor().execute("pragma user_version").fetchall()[0][0]
+    return db.execute("pragma user_version").fetchall()[0][0]
 
   def ensure_schema(db):
     if user_version(db)==0:
       with db:
-        db.cursor().execute("""
+        db.execute("""
           CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS foo(x,y,z);
           CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS bar(x,y,z);
           PRAGMA user_version=1;""")
 
     if user_version(db)==1:
       with db:
-        db.cursor().execute("""
+        db.execute("""
         CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS baz(x,y,z);
         CREATE INDEX ....
         PRAGMA user_version=2;""")
 
     if user_version(con)==2:
       with db:
-        db.cursor().execute("""
+        db.execute("""
         ALTER TABLE .....
         PRAGMA user_version=3;""")
 
@@ -223,22 +219,9 @@
 Parsing SQL
 ===========
 
-Sometimes you want to know what a particular SQL statement does.  The
-SQLite query parser directly generates VDBE byte code and cannot be
-hooked into.  There is however an easier way.
-
-Make a new :class:`Connection` object making sure the statement cache
-is disabled (size zero).  Install an :ref:`execution tracer
-<executiontracer>` that returns ``apsw.SQLITE_DENY`` which will
-prevent any queries from running.  Install an :meth:`authorizer
-<Connection.setauthorizer>`.
-
-Then call :meth:`Cursor.execute` on your query.  Your authorizer will
-then be called (multiple times if necessary) with details of what the
-query does including expanding views and triggers that fire.  Finally
-the execution tracer will fire.  If the query string had multiple
-statements then the execution tracer lets you know how long the first
-statement was.
+Sometimes you want to know what a particular SQL statement does.  Use
+:func:`apsw.ext.query_info` which will provide as much detail as you
+need.
 
 Unexpected behaviour
 ====================
@@ -263,32 +246,53 @@
 the same as a table, alias, column etc then unexpected results will
 occur.
 
-Customizing cursors
+.. _customizing_connection_cursor:
+
+Customizing Connections
+=======================
+
+:attr:`apsw.connection_hooks` is a list of callbacks for when
+each :class:`Connection` is created.  They are called in turn, with
+the new connection as the only parameter.
+
+For example if you wanted to add an `executescript` method to
+Connections that is like :meth:`Connection.execute` but ignores all
+returned rows::
+
+  def executescript(self, sql, bindings=None):
+    for _ in self.execute(sql, bindings):
+      pass
+
+  def my_hook(connection):
+    connection.executescript = executescript
+
+  apsw.connection_hooks.append(my_hook)
+
+Customizing Cursors
 ===================
 
-Some developers want to customize the behaviour of cursors.  An
-example would be wanting a :ref:`rowcount <rowcount>` or batching returned rows.
+You can customize the behaviour of cursors.  An example would be
+wanting a :ref:`rowcount <rowcount>` or batching returned rows.
 (These don't make any sense with SQLite but the desire may be to make
 the code source compatible with other database drivers).
 
-APSW does not provide a way to subclass the cursor class or any other
-form of factory.  Consequently you will have to subclass the
-:class:`Connection` and provide an alternate implementation of
-:meth:`Connection.cursor`.  You should encapsulate the APSW cursor -
-ie store it as a member of your cursor class and forward calls as
-appropriate.  The cursor only has two important methods -
-:meth:`Cursor.execute` and :meth:`Cursor.executemany`.
-
-If you want to change the rows returned then use a :ref:`row tracer
-<rowtracer>`.  For example you could call
-:meth:`Cursor.getdescription` and return a dictionary instead of a
-tuple::
-
-  def row_factory(cursor, row):
-      return {k[0]: row[i] for i, k in enumerate(cursor.getdescription())}
+Set :attr:`Connection.cursor_factory` to any callable, which will be
+called with the connection as the only parameter, and return the
+object to use as a cursor.
+
+For example instead of returning rows as tuples, we can return them as
+dictionaries using a :ref:`row tracer <rowtracer>` with
+:meth:`Cursor.getdescription`::
+
+  def dict_row(cursor, row):
+    return {k[0]: row[i] for i, k in enumerate(cursor.getdescription())}
+
+  def my_factory(connection):
+    cursor = apsw.Cursor(connection)
+    cursor.rowtrace = dict_row
+    return cursor
 
-  # You can also set this on just a cursor
-  connection.setrowtrace(row_factory)
+  connection.cursor_factory = my_factory
 
 
 .. _busyhandling:
@@ -329,14 +333,14 @@
 
 A big issue is that :ref:`busy handling <busyhandling>` is not done
 the same way.  The timeouts and handlers are ignored and instead
-:const:`SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE` extended error is returned.
+*SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE* extended error is returned.
 Consequently you will have to do your own busy handling.  (`SQLite
 ticket
 <https://sqlite.org/src/tktview/ebde3f66fc64e21e61ef2854ed1a36dfff884a2f>`__,
 :issue:`59`)
 
 The amount of memory and I/O saved is trivial compared to Python's
-overal memory and I/O consumption.  You may also need to tune the
+overall memory and I/O consumption.  You may also need to tune the
 shared cache's memory back up to what it would have been with separate
 connections to get the same performance.
 
@@ -349,7 +353,7 @@
 Write Ahead Logging
 ===================
 
-SQLite 3.7 introduces `write ahead logging
+SQLite 3.7 introduced `write ahead logging
 <https://sqlite.org/wal.html>`__ which has several benefits, but
 also some drawbacks as the page documents.  WAL mode is off by
 default.  In addition to turning it on manually for each database, you
@@ -357,7 +361,7 @@
 :attr:`connection_hooks`::
 
   def setwal(db):
-      db.cursor().execute("pragma journal_mode=wal")
+      db.execute("pragma journal_mode=wal")
       # custom auto checkpoint interval (use zero to disable)
       db.wal_autocheckpoint(10)
 
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/vfs.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/vfs.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/vfs.rst.txt	2022-07-30 08:02:16.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/vfs.rst.txt	2022-11-25 06:27:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 .. Automatically generated by code2rst.py
-   code2rst.py src/vfs.c doc/vfs.rst
    Edit src/vfs.c not this file!
 
 .. currentmodule:: apsw
@@ -9,7 +8,7 @@
 Virtual File System (VFS)
 *************************
 
-SQLite 3.6 has new `VFS functionality
+SQLite 3.6 added `VFS functionality
 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html>`_ which defines the interface
 between the SQLite core and the underlying operating system. The
 majority of the functionality deals with files. APSW exposes this
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@
 change behaviour of.  If you want to just change how file operations
 are done then you have to override :meth:`VFS.xOpen` to return a file
 instance that has your overridden :class:`VFSFile` methods.  The
-:ref:`example <example-vfs>` demonstrates obfuscating the database
+:ref:`example <example_vfs>` demonstrates obfuscating the database
 file contents.
 
 .. note::
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@
 exception will be translated into the appropriate SQLite error code
 for SQLite. To return a specific SQLite error code use
 :meth:`exceptionfor`.  If the exception does not map to any specific
-error code then :const:`SQLITE_ERROR` which corresponds to
+error code then *SQLITE_ERROR* which corresponds to
 :exc:`SQLError` is returned to SQLite.
 
 The SQLite code that deals with VFS errors behaves in varying
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@
 |                                              |                                | :meth:`VFSFile.excepthook` is called with   |
 |                                              |                                | ZeroDivision exception                      |
 +----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
-|                                              | :const:`SQLITE_ERROR` (closest |                                             |
+|                                              | *SQLITE_ERROR* (closest        |                                             |
 |                                              | matching SQLite error code) is |                                             |
 |                                              | returned to SQLite by APSW     |                                             |
 +----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@
 |                                              |                                | them.                                       |
 +----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
 |                                              | SQLite returns                 |                                             |
-|                                              | :const:`SQLITE_FULL` to APSW   |                                             |
+|                                              | *SQLITE_FULL* to APSW          |                                             |
 +----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
 | APSW returns :class:`apsw.FullError`         |                                |                                             |
 +----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
@@ -147,14 +146,14 @@
         this value then SQLite will not `be able to open it
         <https://sqlite.org/src/tktview/c060923a5422590b3734eb92eae0c94934895b68>`__.
 
-    :raises ValueError: If *base* is not :const:`None` and the named vfs is not
+    :raises ValueError: If *base* is not *None* and the named vfs is not
       currently registered.
 
     Calls:
       * `sqlite3_vfs_register <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs_find.html>`__
       * `sqlite3_vfs_find <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs_find.html>`__
 
-.. method:: VFS.excepthook(etype: type[BaseException], evalue: BaseException, etraceback: Optional[TracebackType]) -> Any
+.. method:: VFS.excepthook(etype: type[BaseException], evalue: BaseException, etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Any
 
     Called when there has been an exception in a :class:`VFS` routine.
     The default implementation passes args to ``sys.excepthook`` and if that
@@ -194,7 +193,7 @@
 
     Delete the named file. If the file is missing then raise an
     :exc:`IOError` exception with extendedresult
-    :const:`SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT`
+    *SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT*
 
     :param filename: File to delete
 
@@ -286,7 +285,7 @@
     This method should return a new file object based on name.  You
     can return a :class:`VFSFile` from a completely different VFS.
 
-    :param name: File to open.  Note that *name* may be :const:`None` in which
+    :param name: File to open.  Note that *name* may be *None* in which
         case you should open a temporary file with a name of your
         choosing.  May be an instance of :class:`URIFilename`.
 
@@ -294,10 +293,10 @@
       outputflags]``.  Each integer is one or more of the `open flags
       <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`_ binary orred
       together.  The ``inputflags`` tells you what SQLite wants.  For
-      example :const:`SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE` means the file should
+      example *SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE* means the file should
       be automatically deleted when closed.  The ``outputflags``
       describes how you actually did open the file.  For example if you
-      opened it read only then :const:`SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY` should be
+      opened it read only then *SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY* should be
       set.
 
 .. method:: VFS.xRandomness(numbytes: int) -> bytes
@@ -371,7 +370,7 @@
 
       :meth:`VFS.xOpen`
 
-.. method:: VFSFile.excepthook(etype: type[BaseException], evalue: BaseException, etraceback: Optional[TracebackType]) ->None
+.. method:: VFSFile.excepthook(etype: type[BaseException], evalue: BaseException, etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) ->None
 
     Called when there has been an exception in a :class:`VFSFile`
     routine.  The default implementation calls ``sys.excepthook`` and
@@ -499,7 +498,7 @@
     SQLite uses a convoluted method of storing `uri parameters
     <https://sqlite.org/uri.html>`__ after the filename binding the
     C filename representation and parameters together.  This class
-    encapsulates that binding.  The :ref:`example <example-vfs>` shows
+    encapsulates that binding.  The :ref:`example <example_vfs>` shows
     usage of this class.
 
     Your :meth:`VFS.xOpen` method will generally be passed one of
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/vtable.rst.txt python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/vtable.rst.txt
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_sources/vtable.rst.txt	2022-07-30 08:02:16.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_sources/vtable.rst.txt	2022-11-25 06:27:56.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 .. Automatically generated by code2rst.py
-   code2rst.py src/vtable.c doc/vtable.rst
    Edit src/vtable.c not this file!
 
 .. currentmodule:: apsw
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@
 level, they are just one set of methods. At the Python/APSW level,
 they are split over the 3 types of object. The leading **x** is
 omitted in Python. You can return SQLite error codes (eg
-:const:`SQLITE_READONLY`) by raising the appropriate exceptions (eg
+*SQLITE_READONLY*) by raising the appropriate exceptions (eg
 :exc:`ReadOnlyError`).  :meth:`exceptionfor` is a useful helper
 function to do the mapping.
 
@@ -49,9 +48,10 @@
 
 .. note::
 
-  There is no actual *VTModule* class - it is just shown this way
-  for documentation convenience.  Your module instance should implement
-  all the methods documented here.
+  There is no actual *VTModule* class - it is shown this way for
+  documentation convenience and is present as a `typing protocol
+  <https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol>`__.
+  Your module instance should implement all the methods documented here.
 
 A module instance is used to create the virtual tables.  Once you have
 a module object, you register it with a connection by calling
@@ -64,13 +64,13 @@
   con.createmodule("modulename", mymod)
 
   # tell SQLite about the table
-  con.cursor().execute("create VIRTUAL table tablename USING modulename('arg1', 2)")
+  con.execute("create VIRTUAL table tablename USING modulename('arg1', 2)")
 
 The create step is to tell SQLite about the existence of the table.
 Any number of tables referring to the same module can be made this
 way.  Note the (optional) arguments which are passed to the module.
 
-.. method:: VTModule.Connect(connection, modulename, databasename, tablename, *args)  -> [ sql string, table object ]
+.. method:: VTModule.Connect(connection: Connection, modulename: str, databasename: str, tablename: str, *args: Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...])  -> Tuple[str, VTTable]
 
     The parameters and return are identical to
     :meth:`~VTModule.Create`.  This method is called
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
 
            Connect=Create
 
-.. method:: VTModule.Create(connection, modulename, databasename, tablename, *args)  -> [ sql string, table object ]
+.. method:: VTModule.Create(connection: Connection, modulename: str, databasename: str, tablename: str, *args: Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...])  -> Tuple[str, VTTable]
 
    Called when a table is first created on a :class:`connection
    <Connection>`.
@@ -117,9 +117,10 @@
 
   .. note::
 
-    There is no actual *VTTable* class - it is just shown this way for
-    documentation convenience.  Your table instance should implement
-    the methods documented here.
+    There is no actual *VTTable* class - it is shown this way for
+    documentation convenience and is present as a `typing protocol
+    <https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol>`__.
+    Your table instance should implement the methods documented here.
 
   The :class:`VTTable` object contains knowledge of the indices, makes
   cursors and can perform transactions.
@@ -138,15 +139,15 @@
   the :class:`Table <VTTable>` routines such as :meth:`UpdateChangeRow
   <VTTable.UpdateChangeRow>`.
 
-.. method:: VTTable.Begin()
+.. method:: VTTable.Begin() -> None
 
   This function is used as part of transactions.  You do not have to
   provide the method.
 
-.. method:: VTTable.BestIndex(constraints, orderbys)
+.. method:: VTTable.BestIndex(constraints: Sequence[Tuple[int, int], ...], orderbys: Sequence[Tuple[int, int], ...]) -> Any
 
   This is a complex method. To get going initially, just return
-  :const:`None` and you will be fine. Implementing this method reduces
+  *None* and you will be fine. Implementing this method reduces
   the number of rows scanned in your table to satisfy queries, but
   only if you have an index or index like mechanism available.
 
@@ -315,26 +316,26 @@
     "Acme Widgets",  # constraintarg[0] - customer
     74.99            # constraintarg[1] - price
 
-.. method:: VTTable.Commit()
+.. method:: VTTable.Commit() -> None
 
   This function is used as part of transactions.  You do not have to
   provide the method.
 
-.. method:: VTTable.Destroy()
+.. method:: VTTable.Destroy() -> None
 
   The opposite of :meth:`VTModule.Create`.  This method is called when
   the table is no longer used.  Note that you must always release
   resources even if you intend to return an error, as it will not be
-  called again on error.  SQLite may also :cvstrac:`leak memory
-  <2099>` if you return an error.
+  called again on error.  SQLite may also leak memory
+  if you return an error.
 
-.. method:: VTTable.Disconnect()
+.. method:: VTTable.Disconnect() -> None
 
   The opposite of :meth:`VTModule.Connect`.  This method is called when
   a reference to a virtual table is no longer used, but :meth:`VTTable.Destroy` will
   be called when the table is no longer used.
 
-.. method:: VTTable.FindFunction(name, nargs)
+.. method:: VTTable.FindFunction(name: str, nargs: int)
 
   Called to find if the virtual table has its own implementation of a
   particular scalar function. You should return the function if you
@@ -354,28 +355,28 @@
 
     * :meth:`Connection.overloadfunction`
 
-.. method:: VTTable.Open()
+.. method:: VTTable.Open() -> VTCursor
 
   Returns a :class:`cursor <VTCursor>` object.
 
-.. method:: VTTable.Rename(newname)
+.. method:: VTTable.Rename(newname: str) -> None
 
   Notification that the table will be given a new name. If you return
   without raising an exception, then SQLite renames the table (you
   don't have to do anything). If you raise an exception then the
   renaming is prevented.  You do not have to provide this method.
 
-.. method:: VTTable.Rollback()
+.. method:: VTTable.Rollback() -> None
 
   This function is used as part of transactions.  You do not have to
   provide the method.
 
-.. method:: VTTable.Sync()
+.. method:: VTTable.Sync() -> None
 
   This function is used as part of transactions.  You do not have to
   provide the method.
 
-.. method:: VTTable.UpdateChangeRow(row, newrowid, fields)
+.. method:: VTTable.UpdateChangeRow(row: int, newrowid: int, fields: Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...])
 
   Change an existing row.  You may also need to change the rowid - for example if the query was
   ``UPDATE table SET rowid=rowid+100 WHERE ...``
@@ -384,21 +385,21 @@
   :param newrowid: If not the same as *row* then also change the rowid to this.
   :param fields: A tuple of values the same length and order as columns in your table
 
-.. method:: VTTable.UpdateDeleteRow(rowid)
+.. method:: VTTable.UpdateDeleteRow(rowid: int)
 
   Delete the row with the specified *rowid*.
 
   :param rowid: 64 bit integer
 
-.. method:: VTTable.UpdateInsertRow(rowid, fields)  -> newrowid
+.. method:: VTTable.UpdateInsertRow(rowid: Optional[int], fields: Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...])  -> Optional[int]
 
   Insert a row with the specified *rowid*.
 
-  :param rowid: :const:`None` if you should choose the rowid yourself, else a 64 bit integer
+  :param rowid: *None* if you should choose the rowid yourself, else a 64 bit integer
   :param fields: A tuple of values the same length and order as columns in your table
 
-  :returns: If *rowid* was :const:`None` then return the id you assigned
-    to the row.  If *rowid* was not :const:`None` then the return value
+  :returns: If *rowid* was *None* then return the id you assigned
+    to the row.  If *rowid* was not *None* then the return value
     is ignored.
 
 VTCursor class
@@ -406,27 +407,30 @@
 
 .. class:: VTCursor
 
- .. note::
+.. note::
 
-    There is no actual *VTCursor* class - it is just shown this
-    way for documentation convenience.  Your cursor instance should
-    implement all the methods documented here.
-
-  The :class:`VTCursor` object is used for iterating over a table.
-  There may be many cursors simultaneously so each one needs to keep
-  track of where it is.
+  There is no actual *VTCursor* class - it is shown this way for
+  documentation convenience and is present as a `typing protocol
+  <https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol>`__.
+  Your cursor instance should implement all the methods documented
+  here.
+
+The :class:`VTCursor` object is used for iterating over a table.
+There may be many cursors simultaneously so each one needs to keep
+track of where      :ref:`Virtual table structure <vtablestructure>`
+it is.
 
-  .. seealso::
+.. seealso::
 
      :ref:`Virtual table structure <vtablestructure>`
 
-.. method:: VTCursor.Close()
+.. method:: VTCursor.Close() -> None
 
   This is the destructor for the cursor. Note that you must
   cleanup. The method will not be called again if you raise an
   exception.
 
-.. method:: VTCursor.Column(number)
+.. method:: VTCursor.Column(number: int) -> SQLiteValue
 
   Requests the value of the specified column *number* of the current
   row.  If *number* is -1 then return the rowid.
@@ -446,7 +450,7 @@
     an exception in the method or provide a non-boolean return then
     True (no more data) will be returned to SQLite.
 
-.. method:: VTCursor.Filter(indexnum, indexname, constraintargs)
+.. method:: VTCursor.Filter(indexnum: int, indexname: str, constraintargs: Optional[Tuple]) -> None
 
   This method is always called first to initialize an iteration to the
   first row of the table. The arguments come from the
@@ -455,7 +459,7 @@
   requested. If you always return None in BestIndex then indexnum will
   be zero, indexstring will be None and constraintargs will be empty).
 
-.. method:: VTCursor.Next()
+.. method:: VTCursor.Next() -> None
 
   Move the cursor to the next row.  Do not have an exception if there
   is no next row.  Instead return False when :meth:`~VTCursor.Eof` is
@@ -466,17 +470,13 @@
   to :meth:`~VTCursor.Filter` then you should move to the next
   appropriate indexed and constrained row.
 
-.. method:: VTCursor.Rowid() -> 64 bit integer
+.. method:: VTCursor.Rowid() -> int
 
   Return the current rowid.
 
 Troubleshooting virtual tables
 ==============================
 
-Virtual Tables are a relatively recent addition to SQLite and haven't
-been widely used yet. They do work well if all your routines work
-perfectly.
-
 A big help is using the local variables recipe as described in
 :ref:`augmented stack traces <augmentedstacktraces>` which will give
 you more details in errors, and shows an example with the complex
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/basic.css python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/basic.css
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/basic.css	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/basic.css	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  *
  * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme.
  *
- * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2021 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
+ * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
  * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
  *
  */
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@
 /* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */
 
 div.body {
-    min-width: 450px;
+    min-width: 360px;
     max-width: 800px;
 }
 
@@ -236,7 +236,6 @@
 a.headerlink {
     visibility: hidden;
 }
-
 a.brackets:before,
 span.brackets > a:before{
     content: "[";
@@ -247,6 +246,7 @@
     content: "]";
 }
 
+
 h1:hover > a.headerlink,
 h2:hover > a.headerlink,
 h3:hover > a.headerlink,
@@ -334,13 +334,11 @@
 p.sidebar-title {
     font-weight: bold;
 }
-
 div.admonition, div.topic, blockquote {
     clear: left;
 }
 
 /* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
 div.topic {
     border: 1px solid #ccc;
     padding: 7px;
@@ -428,10 +426,6 @@
     border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;
 }
 
-table.footnote td, table.footnote th {
-    border: 0 !important;
-}
-
 th {
     text-align: left;
     padding-right: 5px;
@@ -614,7 +608,6 @@
 ul.simple p {
     margin-bottom: 0;
 }
-
 dl.footnote > dt,
 dl.citation > dt {
     float: left;
@@ -643,11 +636,11 @@
     padding-left: 0.5em;
     padding-right: 5px;
 }
-
 dl.field-list > dt:after {
     content: ":";
 }
 
+
 dl.field-list > dd {
     padding-left: 0.5em;
     margin-top: 0em;
@@ -757,6 +750,7 @@
     -ms-hyphens: none;
     -webkit-hyphens: none;
     hyphens: none;
+    white-space: nowrap;
 }
 
 div[class*="highlight-"] {
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/classic.css python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/classic.css
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/classic.css	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/classic.css	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  *
  * Sphinx stylesheet -- classic theme.
  *
- * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2021 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
+ * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
  * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
  *
  */
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 }
 
 div.document {
+    display: flex;
     background-color: #1c4e63;
 }
 
@@ -221,7 +222,6 @@
     background-color: #ffc;
     border: 1px solid #ff6;
 }
-
 div.topic {
     background-color: #eee;
 }
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/doctools.js python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/doctools.js
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/doctools.js	2021-11-17 06:50:46.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/doctools.js	2022-09-24 12:16:10.000000000 +0000
@@ -2,322 +2,155 @@
  * doctools.js
  * ~~~~~~~~~~~
  *
- * Sphinx JavaScript utilities for all documentation.
+ * Base JavaScript utilities for all Sphinx HTML documentation.
  *
- * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2021 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
+ * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
  * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
  *
  */
+"use strict";
 
-/**
- * select a different prefix for underscore
- */
-$u = _.noConflict();
-
-/**
- * make the code below compatible with browsers without
- * an installed firebug like debugger
-if (!window.console || !console.firebug) {
-  var names = ["log", "debug", "info", "warn", "error", "assert", "dir",
-    "dirxml", "group", "groupEnd", "time", "timeEnd", "count", "trace",
-    "profile", "profileEnd"];
-  window.console = {};
-  for (var i = 0; i < names.length; ++i)
-    window.console[names[i]] = function() {};
-}
- */
-
-/**
- * small helper function to urldecode strings
- *
- * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL
- */
-jQuery.urldecode = function(x) {
-  if (!x) {
-    return x
-  }
-  return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' '));
-};
-
-/**
- * small helper function to urlencode strings
- */
-jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent;
-
-/**
- * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the
- * current request. Multiple values per key are supported,
- * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts.
- */
-jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) {
-  if (typeof s === 'undefined')
-    s = document.location.search;
-  var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&');
-  var result = {};
-  for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
-    var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2);
-    var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]);
-    var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]);
-    if (key in result)
-      result[key].push(value);
-    else
-      result[key] = [value];
+const BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS = new Set([
+  "TEXTAREA",
+  "INPUT",
+  "SELECT",
+  "BUTTON",
+]);
+
+const _ready = (callback) => {
+  if (document.readyState !== "loading") {
+    callback();
+  } else {
+    document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", callback);
   }
-  return result;
 };
 
 /**
- * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in
- * span elements with the given class name.
- */
-jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) {
-  function highlight(node, addItems) {
-    if (node.nodeType === 3) {
-      var val = node.nodeValue;
-      var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text);
-      if (pos >= 0 &&
-          !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) &&
-          !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) {
-        var span;
-        var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg");
-        if (isInSVG) {
-          span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan");
-        } else {
-          span = document.createElement("span");
-          span.className = className;
-        }
-        span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length)));
-        node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore(
-          document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)),
-          node.nextSibling));
-        node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos);
-        if (isInSVG) {
-          var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect");
-          var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox();
-          rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x;
-          rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y;
-          rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width;
-          rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height;
-          rect.setAttribute('class', className);
-          addItems.push({
-              "parent": node.parentNode,
-              "target": rect});
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) {
-      jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() {
-        highlight(this, addItems);
-      });
-    }
-  }
-  var addItems = [];
-  var result = this.each(function() {
-    highlight(this, addItems);
-  });
-  for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) {
-    jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target);
-  }
-  return result;
-};
-
-/*
- * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser
- * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed.
- */
-if (!jQuery.browser) {
-  jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) {
-    ua = ua.toLowerCase();
-
-    var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) ||
-      /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) ||
-      /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) ||
-      /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) ||
-      ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) ||
-      [];
-
-    return {
-      browser: match[ 1 ] || "",
-      version: match[ 2 ] || "0"
-    };
-  };
-  jQuery.browser = {};
-  jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true;
-}
-
-/**
  * Small JavaScript module for the documentation.
  */
-var Documentation = {
-
-  init : function() {
-    this.fixFirefoxAnchorBug();
-    this.highlightSearchWords();
-    this.initIndexTable();
-    if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) {
-      this.initOnKeyListeners();
-    }
+const Documentation = {
+  init: () => {
+    Documentation.initDomainIndexTable();
+    Documentation.initOnKeyListeners();
   },
 
   /**
    * i18n support
    */
-  TRANSLATIONS : {},
-  PLURAL_EXPR : function(n) { return n === 1 ? 0 : 1; },
-  LOCALE : 'unknown',
+  TRANSLATIONS: {},
+  PLURAL_EXPR: (n) => (n === 1 ? 0 : 1),
+  LOCALE: "unknown",
 
   // gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions
   // can safely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext)
-  gettext : function(string) {
-    var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string];
-    if (typeof translated === 'undefined')
-      return string;
-    return (typeof translated === 'string') ? translated : translated[0];
-  },
-
-  ngettext : function(singular, plural, n) {
-    var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular];
-    if (typeof translated === 'undefined')
-      return (n == 1) ? singular : plural;
-    return translated[Documentation.PLURALEXPR(n)];
-  },
-
-  addTranslations : function(catalog) {
-    for (var key in catalog.messages)
-      this.TRANSLATIONS[key] = catalog.messages[key];
-    this.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function('n', 'return +(' + catalog.plural_expr + ')');
-    this.LOCALE = catalog.locale;
-  },
-
-  /**
-   * add context elements like header anchor links
-   */
-  addContextElements : function() {
-    $('div[id] > :header:first').each(function() {
-      $('<a class="headerlink">\u00B6</a>').
-      attr('href', '#' + this.id).
-      attr('title', _('Permalink to this headline')).
-      appendTo(this);
-    });
-    $('dt[id]').each(function() {
-      $('<a class="headerlink">\u00B6</a>').
-      attr('href', '#' + this.id).
-      attr('title', _('Permalink to this definition')).
-      appendTo(this);
-    });
-  },
-
-  /**
-   * workaround a firefox stupidity
-   * see: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=645075
-   */
-  fixFirefoxAnchorBug : function() {
-    if (document.location.hash && $.browser.mozilla)
-      window.setTimeout(function() {
-        document.location.href += '';
-      }, 10);
-  },
-
-  /**
-   * highlight the search words provided in the url in the text
-   */
-  highlightSearchWords : function() {
-    var params = $.getQueryParameters();
-    var terms = (params.highlight) ? params.highlight[0].split(/\s+/) : [];
-    if (terms.length) {
-      var body = $('div.body');
-      if (!body.length) {
-        body = $('body');
-      }
-      window.setTimeout(function() {
-        $.each(terms, function() {
-          body.highlightText(this.toLowerCase(), 'highlighted');
-        });
-      }, 10);
-      $('<p class="highlight-link"><a href="javascript:Documentation.' +
-        'hideSearchWords()">' + _('Hide Search Matches') + '</a></p>')
-          .appendTo($('#searchbox'));
+  gettext: (string) => {
+    const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string];
+    switch (typeof translated) {
+      case "undefined":
+        return string; // no translation
+      case "string":
+        return translated; // translation exists
+      default:
+        return translated[0]; // (singular, plural) translation tuple exists
     }
   },
 
-  /**
-   * init the domain index toggle buttons
-   */
-  initIndexTable : function() {
-    var togglers = $('img.toggler').click(function() {
-      var src = $(this).attr('src');
-      var idnum = $(this).attr('id').substr(7);
-      $('tr.cg-' + idnum).toggle();
-      if (src.substr(-9) === 'minus.png')
-        $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-9) + 'plus.png');
-      else
-        $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-8) + 'minus.png');
-    }).css('display', '');
-    if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX) {
-        togglers.click();
-    }
+  ngettext: (singular, plural, n) => {
+    const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular];
+    if (typeof translated !== "undefined")
+      return translated[Documentation.PLURAL_EXPR(n)];
+    return n === 1 ? singular : plural;
   },
 
-  /**
-   * helper function to hide the search marks again
-   */
-  hideSearchWords : function() {
-    $('#searchbox .highlight-link').fadeOut(300);
-    $('span.highlighted').removeClass('highlighted');
+  addTranslations: (catalog) => {
+    Object.assign(Documentation.TRANSLATIONS, catalog.messages);
+    Documentation.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function(
+      "n",
+      `return (${catalog.plural_expr})`
+    );
+    Documentation.LOCALE = catalog.locale;
   },
 
   /**
-   * make the url absolute
+   * helper function to focus on search bar
    */
-  makeURL : function(relativeURL) {
-    return DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + '/' + relativeURL;
+  focusSearchBar: () => {
+    document.querySelectorAll("input[name=q]")[0]?.focus();
   },
 
   /**
-   * get the current relative url
+   * Initialise the domain index toggle buttons
    */
-  getCurrentURL : function() {
-    var path = document.location.pathname;
-    var parts = path.split(/\//);
-    $.each(DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT.split(/\//), function() {
-      if (this === '..')
-        parts.pop();
-    });
-    var url = parts.join('/');
-    return path.substring(url.lastIndexOf('/') + 1, path.length - 1);
-  },
+  initDomainIndexTable: () => {
+    const toggler = (el) => {
+      const idNumber = el.id.substr(7);
+      const toggledRows = document.querySelectorAll(`tr.cg-${idNumber}`);
+      if (el.src.substr(-9) === "minus.png") {
+        el.src = `${el.src.substr(0, el.src.length - 9)}plus.png`;
+        toggledRows.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "none"));
+      } else {
+        el.src = `${el.src.substr(0, el.src.length - 8)}minus.png`;
+        toggledRows.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = ""));
+      }
+    };
 
-  initOnKeyListeners: function() {
-    $(document).keydown(function(event) {
-      var activeElementType = document.activeElement.tagName;
-      // don't navigate when in search box, textarea, dropdown or button
-      if (activeElementType !== 'TEXTAREA' && activeElementType !== 'INPUT' && activeElementType !== 'SELECT'
-          && activeElementType !== 'BUTTON' && !event.altKey && !event.ctrlKey && !event.metaKey
-          && !event.shiftKey) {
-        switch (event.keyCode) {
-          case 37: // left
-            var prevHref = $('link[rel="prev"]').prop('href');
-            if (prevHref) {
-              window.location.href = prevHref;
-              return false;
+    const togglerElements = document.querySelectorAll("img.toggler");
+    togglerElements.forEach((el) =>
+      el.addEventListener("click", (event) => toggler(event.currentTarget))
+    );
+    togglerElements.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = ""));
+    if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX) togglerElements.forEach(toggler);
+  },
+
+  initOnKeyListeners: () => {
+    // only install a listener if it is really needed
+    if (
+      !DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS &&
+      !DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS
+    )
+      return;
+
+    document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => {
+      // bail for input elements
+      if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return;
+      // bail with special keys
+      if (event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return;
+
+      if (!event.shiftKey) {
+        switch (event.key) {
+          case "ArrowLeft":
+            if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) break;
+
+            const prevLink = document.querySelector('link[rel="prev"]');
+            if (prevLink && prevLink.href) {
+              window.location.href = prevLink.href;
+              event.preventDefault();
             }
             break;
-          case 39: // right
-            var nextHref = $('link[rel="next"]').prop('href');
-            if (nextHref) {
-              window.location.href = nextHref;
-              return false;
+          case "ArrowRight":
+            if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) break;
+
+            const nextLink = document.querySelector('link[rel="next"]');
+            if (nextLink && nextLink.href) {
+              window.location.href = nextLink.href;
+              event.preventDefault();
             }
             break;
         }
       }
+
+      // some keyboard layouts may need Shift to get /
+      switch (event.key) {
+        case "/":
+          if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) break;
+          Documentation.focusSearchBar();
+          event.preventDefault();
+      }
     });
-  }
+  },
 };
 
 // quick alias for translations
-_ = Documentation.gettext;
+const _ = Documentation.gettext;
 
-$(document).ready(function() {
-  Documentation.init();
-});
+_ready(Documentation.init);
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/documentation_options.js python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/documentation_options.js
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/documentation_options.js	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/documentation_options.js	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
     URL_ROOT: document.getElementById("documentation_options").getAttribute('data-url_root'),
-    VERSION: '3.39.2.0',
-    LANGUAGE: 'None',
+    VERSION: '3.40.0.0',
+    LANGUAGE: 'en',
     COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
     BUILDER: 'html',
     FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
     LINK_SUFFIX: '.html',
     HAS_SOURCE: true,
     SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: '.txt',
-    NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: false
+    NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: false,
+    SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY: true,
+    ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS: true,
 };
\ No newline at end of file
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js	2022-09-24 12:16:10.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,10881 @@
+/*!
+ * jQuery JavaScript Library v3.6.0
+ * https://jquery.com/
+ *
+ * Includes Sizzle.js
+ * https://sizzlejs.com/
+ *
+ * Copyright OpenJS Foundation and other contributors
+ * Released under the MIT license
+ * https://jquery.org/license
+ *
+ * Date: 2021-03-02T17:08Z
+ */
+( function( global, factory ) {
+
+	"use strict";
+
+	if ( typeof module === "object" && typeof module.exports === "object" ) {
+
+		// For CommonJS and CommonJS-like environments where a proper `window`
+		// is present, execute the factory and get jQuery.
+		// For environments that do not have a `window` with a `document`
+		// (such as Node.js), expose a factory as module.exports.
+		// This accentuates the need for the creation of a real `window`.
+		// e.g. var jQuery = require("jquery")(window);
+		// See ticket #14549 for more info.
+		module.exports = global.document ?
+			factory( global, true ) :
+			function( w ) {
+				if ( !w.document ) {
+					throw new Error( "jQuery requires a window with a document" );
+				}
+				return factory( w );
+			};
+	} else {
+		factory( global );
+	}
+
+// Pass this if window is not defined yet
+} )( typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : this, function( window, noGlobal ) {
+
+// Edge <= 12 - 13+, Firefox <=18 - 45+, IE 10 - 11, Safari 5.1 - 9+, iOS 6 - 9.1
+// throw exceptions when non-strict code (e.g., ASP.NET 4.5) accesses strict mode
+// arguments.callee.caller (trac-13335). But as of jQuery 3.0 (2016), strict mode should be common
+// enough that all such attempts are guarded in a try block.
+"use strict";
+
+var arr = [];
+
+var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf;
+
+var slice = arr.slice;
+
+var flat = arr.flat ? function( array ) {
+	return arr.flat.call( array );
+} : function( array ) {
+	return arr.concat.apply( [], array );
+};
+
+
+var push = arr.push;
+
+var indexOf = arr.indexOf;
+
+var class2type = {};
+
+var toString = class2type.toString;
+
+var hasOwn = class2type.hasOwnProperty;
+
+var fnToString = hasOwn.toString;
+
+var ObjectFunctionString = fnToString.call( Object );
+
+var support = {};
+
+var isFunction = function isFunction( obj ) {
+
+		// Support: Chrome <=57, Firefox <=52
+		// In some browsers, typeof returns "function" for HTML <object> elements
+		// (i.e., `typeof document.createElement( "object" ) === "function"`).
+		// We don't want to classify *any* DOM node as a function.
+		// Support: QtWeb <=3.8.5, WebKit <=534.34, wkhtmltopdf tool <=0.12.5
+		// Plus for old WebKit, typeof returns "function" for HTML collections
+		// (e.g., `typeof document.getElementsByTagName("div") === "function"`). (gh-4756)
+		return typeof obj === "function" && typeof obj.nodeType !== "number" &&
+			typeof obj.item !== "function";
+	};
+
+
+var isWindow = function isWindow( obj ) {
+		return obj != null && obj === obj.window;
+	};
+
+
+var document = window.document;
+
+
+
+	var preservedScriptAttributes = {
+		type: true,
+		src: true,
+		nonce: true,
+		noModule: true
+	};
+
+	function DOMEval( code, node, doc ) {
+		doc = doc || document;
+
+		var i, val,
+			script = doc.createElement( "script" );
+
+		script.text = code;
+		if ( node ) {
+			for ( i in preservedScriptAttributes ) {
+
+				// Support: Firefox 64+, Edge 18+
+				// Some browsers don't support the "nonce" property on scripts.
+				// On the other hand, just using `getAttribute` is not enough as
+				// the `nonce` attribute is reset to an empty string whenever it
+				// becomes browsing-context connected.
+				// See https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/2369
+				// See https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#nonce-attributes
+				// The `node.getAttribute` check was added for the sake of
+				// `jQuery.globalEval` so that it can fake a nonce-containing node
+				// via an object.
+				val = node[ i ] || node.getAttribute && node.getAttribute( i );
+				if ( val ) {
+					script.setAttribute( i, val );
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		doc.head.appendChild( script ).parentNode.removeChild( script );
+	}
+
+
+function toType( obj ) {
+	if ( obj == null ) {
+		return obj + "";
+	}
+
+	// Support: Android <=2.3 only (functionish RegExp)
+	return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ?
+		class2type[ toString.call( obj ) ] || "object" :
+		typeof obj;
+}
+/* global Symbol */
+// Defining this global in .eslintrc.json would create a danger of using the global
+// unguarded in another place, it seems safer to define global only for this module
+
+
+
+var
+	version = "3.6.0",
+
+	// Define a local copy of jQuery
+	jQuery = function( selector, context ) {
+
+		// The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced'
+		// Need init if jQuery is called (just allow error to be thrown if not included)
+		return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context );
+	};
+
+jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = {
+
+	// The current version of jQuery being used
+	jquery: version,
+
+	constructor: jQuery,
+
+	// The default length of a jQuery object is 0
+	length: 0,
+
+	toArray: function() {
+		return slice.call( this );
+	},
+
+	// Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR
+	// Get the whole matched element set as a clean array
+	get: function( num ) {
+
+		// Return all the elements in a clean array
+		if ( num == null ) {
+			return slice.call( this );
+		}
+
+		// Return just the one element from the set
+		return num < 0 ? this[ num + this.length ] : this[ num ];
+	},
+
+	// Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack
+	// (returning the new matched element set)
+	pushStack: function( elems ) {
+
+		// Build a new jQuery matched element set
+		var ret = jQuery.merge( this.constructor(), elems );
+
+		// Add the old object onto the stack (as a reference)
+		ret.prevObject = this;
+
+		// Return the newly-formed element set
+		return ret;
+	},
+
+	// Execute a callback for every element in the matched set.
+	each: function( callback ) {
+		return jQuery.each( this, callback );
+	},
+
+	map: function( callback ) {
+		return this.pushStack( jQuery.map( this, function( elem, i ) {
+			return callback.call( elem, i, elem );
+		} ) );
+	},
+
+	slice: function() {
+		return this.pushStack( slice.apply( this, arguments ) );
+	},
+
+	first: function() {
+		return this.eq( 0 );
+	},
+
+	last: function() {
+		return this.eq( -1 );
+	},
+
+	even: function() {
+		return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) {
+			return ( i + 1 ) % 2;
+		} ) );
+	},
+
+	odd: function() {
+		return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) {
+			return i % 2;
+		} ) );
+	},
+
+	eq: function( i ) {
+		var len = this.length,
+			j = +i + ( i < 0 ? len : 0 );
+		return this.pushStack( j >= 0 && j < len ? [ this[ j ] ] : [] );
+	},
+
+	end: function() {
+		return this.prevObject || this.constructor();
+	},
+
+	// For internal use only.
+	// Behaves like an Array's method, not like a jQuery method.
+	push: push,
+	sort: arr.sort,
+	splice: arr.splice
+};
+
+jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() {
+	var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone,
+		target = arguments[ 0 ] || {},
+		i = 1,
+		length = arguments.length,
+		deep = false;
+
+	// Handle a deep copy situation
+	if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) {
+		deep = target;
+
+		// Skip the boolean and the target
+		target = arguments[ i ] || {};
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	// Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy)
+	if ( typeof target !== "object" && !isFunction( target ) ) {
+		target = {};
+	}
+
+	// Extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed
+	if ( i === length ) {
+		target = this;
+		i--;
+	}
+
+	for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
+
+		// Only deal with non-null/undefined values
+		if ( ( options = arguments[ i ] ) != null ) {
+
+			// Extend the base object
+			for ( name in options ) {
+				copy = options[ name ];
+
+				// Prevent Object.prototype pollution
+				// Prevent never-ending loop
+				if ( name === "__proto__" || target === copy ) {
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				// Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays
+				if ( deep && copy && ( jQuery.isPlainObject( copy ) ||
+					( copyIsArray = Array.isArray( copy ) ) ) ) {
+					src = target[ name ];
+
+					// Ensure proper type for the source value
+					if ( copyIsArray && !Array.isArray( src ) ) {
+						clone = [];
+					} else if ( !copyIsArray && !jQuery.isPlainObject( src ) ) {
+						clone = {};
+					} else {
+						clone = src;
+					}
+					copyIsArray = false;
+
+					// Never move original objects, clone them
+					target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy );
+
+				// Don't bring in undefined values
+				} else if ( copy !== undefined ) {
+					target[ name ] = copy;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Return the modified object
+	return target;
+};
+
+jQuery.extend( {
+
+	// Unique for each copy of jQuery on the page
+	expando: "jQuery" + ( version + Math.random() ).replace( /\D/g, "" ),
+
+	// Assume jQuery is ready without the ready module
+	isReady: true,
+
+	error: function( msg ) {
+		throw new Error( msg );
+	},
+
+	noop: function() {},
+
+	isPlainObject: function( obj ) {
+		var proto, Ctor;
+
+		// Detect obvious negatives
+		// Use toString instead of jQuery.type to catch host objects
+		if ( !obj || toString.call( obj ) !== "[object Object]" ) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		proto = getProto( obj );
+
+		// Objects with no prototype (e.g., `Object.create( null )`) are plain
+		if ( !proto ) {
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		// Objects with prototype are plain iff they were constructed by a global Object function
+		Ctor = hasOwn.call( proto, "constructor" ) && proto.constructor;
+		return typeof Ctor === "function" && fnToString.call( Ctor ) === ObjectFunctionString;
+	},
+
+	isEmptyObject: function( obj ) {
+		var name;
+
+		for ( name in obj ) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		return true;
+	},
+
+	// Evaluates a script in a provided context; falls back to the global one
+	// if not specified.
+	globalEval: function( code, options, doc ) {
+		DOMEval( code, { nonce: options && options.nonce }, doc );
+	},
+
+	each: function( obj, callback ) {
+		var length, i = 0;
+
+		if ( isArrayLike( obj ) ) {
+			length = obj.length;
+			for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
+				if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) {
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			for ( i in obj ) {
+				if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) {
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return obj;
+	},
+
+	// results is for internal usage only
+	makeArray: function( arr, results ) {
+		var ret = results || [];
+
+		if ( arr != null ) {
+			if ( isArrayLike( Object( arr ) ) ) {
+				jQuery.merge( ret,
+					typeof arr === "string" ?
+						[ arr ] : arr
+				);
+			} else {
+				push.call( ret, arr );
+			}
+		}
+
+		return ret;
+	},
+
+	inArray: function( elem, arr, i ) {
+		return arr == null ? -1 : indexOf.call( arr, elem, i );
+	},
+
+	// Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only
+	// push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit
+	merge: function( first, second ) {
+		var len = +second.length,
+			j = 0,
+			i = first.length;
+
+		for ( ; j < len; j++ ) {
+			first[ i++ ] = second[ j ];
+		}
+
+		first.length = i;
+
+		return first;
+	},
+
+	grep: function( elems, callback, invert ) {
+		var callbackInverse,
+			matches = [],
+			i = 0,
+			length = elems.length,
+			callbackExpect = !invert;
+
+		// Go through the array, only saving the items
+		// that pass the validator function
+		for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
+			callbackInverse = !callback( elems[ i ], i );
+			if ( callbackInverse !== callbackExpect ) {
+				matches.push( elems[ i ] );
+			}
+		}
+
+		return matches;
+	},
+
+	// arg is for internal usage only
+	map: function( elems, callback, arg ) {
+		var length, value,
+			i = 0,
+			ret = [];
+
+		// Go through the array, translating each of the items to their new values
+		if ( isArrayLike( elems ) ) {
+			length = elems.length;
+			for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
+				value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg );
+
+				if ( value != null ) {
+					ret.push( value );
+				}
+			}
+
+		// Go through every key on the object,
+		} else {
+			for ( i in elems ) {
+				value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg );
+
+				if ( value != null ) {
+					ret.push( value );
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Flatten any nested arrays
+		return flat( ret );
+	},
+
+	// A global GUID counter for objects
+	guid: 1,
+
+	// jQuery.support is not used in Core but other projects attach their
+	// properties to it so it needs to exist.
+	support: support
+} );
+
+if ( typeof Symbol === "function" ) {
+	jQuery.fn[ Symbol.iterator ] = arr[ Symbol.iterator ];
+}
+
+// Populate the class2type map
+jQuery.each( "Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split( " " ),
+	function( _i, name ) {
+		class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase();
+	} );
+
+function isArrayLike( obj ) {
+
+	// Support: real iOS 8.2 only (not reproducible in simulator)
+	// `in` check used to prevent JIT error (gh-2145)
+	// hasOwn isn't used here due to false negatives
+	// regarding Nodelist length in IE
+	var length = !!obj && "length" in obj && obj.length,
+		type = toType( obj );
+
+	if ( isFunction( obj ) || isWindow( obj ) ) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return type === "array" || length === 0 ||
+		typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && ( length - 1 ) in obj;
+}
+var Sizzle =
+/*!
+ * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v2.3.6
+ * https://sizzlejs.com/
+ *
+ * Copyright JS Foundation and other contributors
+ * Released under the MIT license
+ * https://js.foundation/
+ *
+ * Date: 2021-02-16
+ */
+( function( window ) {
+var i,
+	support,
+	Expr,
+	getText,
+	isXML,
+	tokenize,
+	compile,
+	select,
+	outermostContext,
+	sortInput,
+	hasDuplicate,
+
+	// Local document vars
+	setDocument,
+	document,
+	docElem,
+	documentIsHTML,
+	rbuggyQSA,
+	rbuggyMatches,
+	matches,
+	contains,
+
+	// Instance-specific data
+	expando = "sizzle" + 1 * new Date(),
+	preferredDoc = window.document,
+	dirruns = 0,
+	done = 0,
+	classCache = createCache(),
+	tokenCache = createCache(),
+	compilerCache = createCache(),
+	nonnativeSelectorCache = createCache(),
+	sortOrder = function( a, b ) {
+		if ( a === b ) {
+			hasDuplicate = true;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	},
+
+	// Instance methods
+	hasOwn = ( {} ).hasOwnProperty,
+	arr = [],
+	pop = arr.pop,
+	pushNative = arr.push,
+	push = arr.push,
+	slice = arr.slice,
+
+	// Use a stripped-down indexOf as it's faster than native
+	// https://jsperf.com/thor-indexof-vs-for/5
+	indexOf = function( list, elem ) {
+		var i = 0,
+			len = list.length;
+		for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
+			if ( list[ i ] === elem ) {
+				return i;
+			}
+		}
+		return -1;
+	},
+
+	booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|" +
+		"ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped",
+
+	// Regular expressions
+
+	// http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#whitespace
+	whitespace = "[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]",
+
+	// https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#ident-token-diagram
+	identifier = "(?:\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace +
+		"?|\\\\[^\\r\\n\\f]|[\\w-]|[^\0-\\x7f])+",
+
+	// Attribute selectors: http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#attribute-selectors
+	attributes = "\\[" + whitespace + "*(" + identifier + ")(?:" + whitespace +
+
+		// Operator (capture 2)
+		"*([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace +
+
+		// "Attribute values must be CSS identifiers [capture 5]
+		// or strings [capture 3 or capture 4]"
+		"*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|(" + identifier + "))|)" +
+		whitespace + "*\\]",
+
+	pseudos = ":(" + identifier + ")(?:\\((" +
+
+		// To reduce the number of selectors needing tokenize in the preFilter, prefer arguments:
+		// 1. quoted (capture 3; capture 4 or capture 5)
+		"('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|" +
+
+		// 2. simple (capture 6)
+		"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|" + attributes + ")*)|" +
+
+		// 3. anything else (capture 2)
+		".*" +
+		")\\)|)",
+
+	// Leading and non-escaped trailing whitespace, capturing some non-whitespace characters preceding the latter
+	rwhitespace = new RegExp( whitespace + "+", "g" ),
+	rtrim = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" +
+		whitespace + "+$", "g" ),
+
+	rcomma = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*," + whitespace + "*" ),
+	rcombinators = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace +
+		"*" ),
+	rdescend = new RegExp( whitespace + "|>" ),
+
+	rpseudo = new RegExp( pseudos ),
+	ridentifier = new RegExp( "^" + identifier + "$" ),
+
+	matchExpr = {
+		"ID": new RegExp( "^#(" + identifier + ")" ),
+		"CLASS": new RegExp( "^\\.(" + identifier + ")" ),
+		"TAG": new RegExp( "^(" + identifier + "|[*])" ),
+		"ATTR": new RegExp( "^" + attributes ),
+		"PSEUDO": new RegExp( "^" + pseudos ),
+		"CHILD": new RegExp( "^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" +
+			whitespace + "*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" +
+			whitespace + "*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i" ),
+		"bool": new RegExp( "^(?:" + booleans + ")$", "i" ),
+
+		// For use in libraries implementing .is()
+		// We use this for POS matching in `select`
+		"needsContext": new RegExp( "^" + whitespace +
+			"*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" + whitespace +
+			"*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i" )
+	},
+
+	rhtml = /HTML$/i,
+	rinputs = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i,
+	rheader = /^h\d$/i,
+
+	rnative = /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/,
+
+	// Easily-parseable/retrievable ID or TAG or CLASS selectors
+	rquickExpr = /^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/,
+
+	rsibling = /[+~]/,
+
+	// CSS escapes
+	// http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#escaped-characters
+	runescape = new RegExp( "\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|\\\\([^\\r\\n\\f])", "g" ),
+	funescape = function( escape, nonHex ) {
+		var high = "0x" + escape.slice( 1 ) - 0x10000;
+
+		return nonHex ?
+
+			// Strip the backslash prefix from a non-hex escape sequence
+			nonHex :
+
+			// Replace a hexadecimal escape sequence with the encoded Unicode code point
+			// Support: IE <=11+
+			// For values outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), manually construct a
+			// surrogate pair
+			high < 0 ?
+				String.fromCharCode( high + 0x10000 ) :
+				String.fromCharCode( high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00 );
+	},
+
+	// CSS string/identifier serialization
+	// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#common-serializing-idioms
+	rcssescape = /([\0-\x1f\x7f]|^-?\d)|^-$|[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\uFFFF\w-]/g,
+	fcssescape = function( ch, asCodePoint ) {
+		if ( asCodePoint ) {
+
+			// U+0000 NULL becomes U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
+			if ( ch === "\0" ) {
+				return "\uFFFD";
+			}
+
+			// Control characters and (dependent upon position) numbers get escaped as code points
+			return ch.slice( 0, -1 ) + "\\" +
+				ch.charCodeAt( ch.length - 1 ).toString( 16 ) + " ";
+		}
+
+		// Other potentially-special ASCII characters get backslash-escaped
+		return "\\" + ch;
+	},
+
+	// Used for iframes
+	// See setDocument()
+	// Removing the function wrapper causes a "Permission Denied"
+	// error in IE
+	unloadHandler = function() {
+		setDocument();
+	},
+
+	inDisabledFieldset = addCombinator(
+		function( elem ) {
+			return elem.disabled === true && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "fieldset";
+		},
+		{ dir: "parentNode", next: "legend" }
+	);
+
+// Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList )
+try {
+	push.apply(
+		( arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes ) ),
+		preferredDoc.childNodes
+	);
+
+	// Support: Android<4.0
+	// Detect silently failing push.apply
+	// eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions
+	arr[ preferredDoc.childNodes.length ].nodeType;
+} catch ( e ) {
+	push = { apply: arr.length ?
+
+		// Leverage slice if possible
+		function( target, els ) {
+			pushNative.apply( target, slice.call( els ) );
+		} :
+
+		// Support: IE<9
+		// Otherwise append directly
+		function( target, els ) {
+			var j = target.length,
+				i = 0;
+
+			// Can't trust NodeList.length
+			while ( ( target[ j++ ] = els[ i++ ] ) ) {}
+			target.length = j - 1;
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) {
+	var m, i, elem, nid, match, groups, newSelector,
+		newContext = context && context.ownerDocument,
+
+		// nodeType defaults to 9, since context defaults to document
+		nodeType = context ? context.nodeType : 9;
+
+	results = results || [];
+
+	// Return early from calls with invalid selector or context
+	if ( typeof selector !== "string" || !selector ||
+		nodeType !== 1 && nodeType !== 9 && nodeType !== 11 ) {
+
+		return results;
+	}
+
+	// Try to shortcut find operations (as opposed to filters) in HTML documents
+	if ( !seed ) {
+		setDocument( context );
+		context = context || document;
+
+		if ( documentIsHTML ) {
+
+			// If the selector is sufficiently simple, try using a "get*By*" DOM method
+			// (excepting DocumentFragment context, where the methods don't exist)
+			if ( nodeType !== 11 && ( match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ) ) ) {
+
+				// ID selector
+				if ( ( m = match[ 1 ] ) ) {
+
+					// Document context
+					if ( nodeType === 9 ) {
+						if ( ( elem = context.getElementById( m ) ) ) {
+
+							// Support: IE, Opera, Webkit
+							// TODO: identify versions
+							// getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID
+							if ( elem.id === m ) {
+								results.push( elem );
+								return results;
+							}
+						} else {
+							return results;
+						}
+
+					// Element context
+					} else {
+
+						// Support: IE, Opera, Webkit
+						// TODO: identify versions
+						// getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID
+						if ( newContext && ( elem = newContext.getElementById( m ) ) &&
+							contains( context, elem ) &&
+							elem.id === m ) {
+
+							results.push( elem );
+							return results;
+						}
+					}
+
+				// Type selector
+				} else if ( match[ 2 ] ) {
+					push.apply( results, context.getElementsByTagName( selector ) );
+					return results;
+
+				// Class selector
+				} else if ( ( m = match[ 3 ] ) && support.getElementsByClassName &&
+					context.getElementsByClassName ) {
+
+					push.apply( results, context.getElementsByClassName( m ) );
+					return results;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Take advantage of querySelectorAll
+			if ( support.qsa &&
+				!nonnativeSelectorCache[ selector + " " ] &&
+				( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( selector ) ) &&
+
+				// Support: IE 8 only
+				// Exclude object elements
+				( nodeType !== 1 || context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) ) {
+
+				newSelector = selector;
+				newContext = context;
+
+				// qSA considers elements outside a scoping root when evaluating child or
+				// descendant combinators, which is not what we want.
+				// In such cases, we work around the behavior by prefixing every selector in the
+				// list with an ID selector referencing the scope context.
+				// The technique has to be used as well when a leading combinator is used
+				// as such selectors are not recognized by querySelectorAll.
+				// Thanks to Andrew Dupont for this technique.
+				if ( nodeType === 1 &&
+					( rdescend.test( selector ) || rcombinators.test( selector ) ) ) {
+
+					// Expand context for sibling selectors
+					newContext = rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) ||
+						context;
+
+					// We can use :scope instead of the ID hack if the browser
+					// supports it & if we're not changing the context.
+					if ( newContext !== context || !support.scope ) {
+
+						// Capture the context ID, setting it first if necessary
+						if ( ( nid = context.getAttribute( "id" ) ) ) {
+							nid = nid.replace( rcssescape, fcssescape );
+						} else {
+							context.setAttribute( "id", ( nid = expando ) );
+						}
+					}
+
+					// Prefix every selector in the list
+					groups = tokenize( selector );
+					i = groups.length;
+					while ( i-- ) {
+						groups[ i ] = ( nid ? "#" + nid : ":scope" ) + " " +
+							toSelector( groups[ i ] );
+					}
+					newSelector = groups.join( "," );
+				}
+
+				try {
+					push.apply( results,
+						newContext.querySelectorAll( newSelector )
+					);
+					return results;
+				} catch ( qsaError ) {
+					nonnativeSelectorCache( selector, true );
+				} finally {
+					if ( nid === expando ) {
+						context.removeAttribute( "id" );
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// All others
+	return select( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ), context, results, seed );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create key-value caches of limited size
+ * @returns {function(string, object)} Returns the Object data after storing it on itself with
+ *	property name the (space-suffixed) string and (if the cache is larger than Expr.cacheLength)
+ *	deleting the oldest entry
+ */
+function createCache() {
+	var keys = [];
+
+	function cache( key, value ) {
+
+		// Use (key + " ") to avoid collision with native prototype properties (see Issue #157)
+		if ( keys.push( key + " " ) > Expr.cacheLength ) {
+
+			// Only keep the most recent entries
+			delete cache[ keys.shift() ];
+		}
+		return ( cache[ key + " " ] = value );
+	}
+	return cache;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mark a function for special use by Sizzle
+ * @param {Function} fn The function to mark
+ */
+function markFunction( fn ) {
+	fn[ expando ] = true;
+	return fn;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Support testing using an element
+ * @param {Function} fn Passed the created element and returns a boolean result
+ */
+function assert( fn ) {
+	var el = document.createElement( "fieldset" );
+
+	try {
+		return !!fn( el );
+	} catch ( e ) {
+		return false;
+	} finally {
+
+		// Remove from its parent by default
+		if ( el.parentNode ) {
+			el.parentNode.removeChild( el );
+		}
+
+		// release memory in IE
+		el = null;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Adds the same handler for all of the specified attrs
+ * @param {String} attrs Pipe-separated list of attributes
+ * @param {Function} handler The method that will be applied
+ */
+function addHandle( attrs, handler ) {
+	var arr = attrs.split( "|" ),
+		i = arr.length;
+
+	while ( i-- ) {
+		Expr.attrHandle[ arr[ i ] ] = handler;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks document order of two siblings
+ * @param {Element} a
+ * @param {Element} b
+ * @returns {Number} Returns less than 0 if a precedes b, greater than 0 if a follows b
+ */
+function siblingCheck( a, b ) {
+	var cur = b && a,
+		diff = cur && a.nodeType === 1 && b.nodeType === 1 &&
+			a.sourceIndex - b.sourceIndex;
+
+	// Use IE sourceIndex if available on both nodes
+	if ( diff ) {
+		return diff;
+	}
+
+	// Check if b follows a
+	if ( cur ) {
+		while ( ( cur = cur.nextSibling ) ) {
+			if ( cur === b ) {
+				return -1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return a ? 1 : -1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns a function to use in pseudos for input types
+ * @param {String} type
+ */
+function createInputPseudo( type ) {
+	return function( elem ) {
+		var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+		return name === "input" && elem.type === type;
+	};
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns a function to use in pseudos for buttons
+ * @param {String} type
+ */
+function createButtonPseudo( type ) {
+	return function( elem ) {
+		var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+		return ( name === "input" || name === "button" ) && elem.type === type;
+	};
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns a function to use in pseudos for :enabled/:disabled
+ * @param {Boolean} disabled true for :disabled; false for :enabled
+ */
+function createDisabledPseudo( disabled ) {
+
+	// Known :disabled false positives: fieldset[disabled] > legend:nth-of-type(n+2) :can-disable
+	return function( elem ) {
+
+		// Only certain elements can match :enabled or :disabled
+		// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-enabled
+		// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-disabled
+		if ( "form" in elem ) {
+
+			// Check for inherited disabledness on relevant non-disabled elements:
+			// * listed form-associated elements in a disabled fieldset
+			//   https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#category-listed
+			//   https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-fe-disabled
+			// * option elements in a disabled optgroup
+			//   https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-option-disabled
+			// All such elements have a "form" property.
+			if ( elem.parentNode && elem.disabled === false ) {
+
+				// Option elements defer to a parent optgroup if present
+				if ( "label" in elem ) {
+					if ( "label" in elem.parentNode ) {
+						return elem.parentNode.disabled === disabled;
+					} else {
+						return elem.disabled === disabled;
+					}
+				}
+
+				// Support: IE 6 - 11
+				// Use the isDisabled shortcut property to check for disabled fieldset ancestors
+				return elem.isDisabled === disabled ||
+
+					// Where there is no isDisabled, check manually
+					/* jshint -W018 */
+					elem.isDisabled !== !disabled &&
+					inDisabledFieldset( elem ) === disabled;
+			}
+
+			return elem.disabled === disabled;
+
+		// Try to winnow out elements that can't be disabled before trusting the disabled property.
+		// Some victims get caught in our net (label, legend, menu, track), but it shouldn't
+		// even exist on them, let alone have a boolean value.
+		} else if ( "label" in elem ) {
+			return elem.disabled === disabled;
+		}
+
+		// Remaining elements are neither :enabled nor :disabled
+		return false;
+	};
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns a function to use in pseudos for positionals
+ * @param {Function} fn
+ */
+function createPositionalPseudo( fn ) {
+	return markFunction( function( argument ) {
+		argument = +argument;
+		return markFunction( function( seed, matches ) {
+			var j,
+				matchIndexes = fn( [], seed.length, argument ),
+				i = matchIndexes.length;
+
+			// Match elements found at the specified indexes
+			while ( i-- ) {
+				if ( seed[ ( j = matchIndexes[ i ] ) ] ) {
+					seed[ j ] = !( matches[ j ] = seed[ j ] );
+				}
+			}
+		} );
+	} );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks a node for validity as a Sizzle context
+ * @param {Element|Object=} context
+ * @returns {Element|Object|Boolean} The input node if acceptable, otherwise a falsy value
+ */
+function testContext( context ) {
+	return context && typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" && context;
+}
+
+// Expose support vars for convenience
+support = Sizzle.support = {};
+
+/**
+ * Detects XML nodes
+ * @param {Element|Object} elem An element or a document
+ * @returns {Boolean} True iff elem is a non-HTML XML node
+ */
+isXML = Sizzle.isXML = function( elem ) {
+	var namespace = elem && elem.namespaceURI,
+		docElem = elem && ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ).documentElement;
+
+	// Support: IE <=8
+	// Assume HTML when documentElement doesn't yet exist, such as inside loading iframes
+	// https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/4833
+	return !rhtml.test( namespace || docElem && docElem.nodeName || "HTML" );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets document-related variables once based on the current document
+ * @param {Element|Object} [doc] An element or document object to use to set the document
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the current document
+ */
+setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
+	var hasCompare, subWindow,
+		doc = node ? node.ownerDocument || node : preferredDoc;
+
+	// Return early if doc is invalid or already selected
+	// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+	// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+	// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+	// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+	if ( doc == document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement ) {
+		return document;
+	}
+
+	// Update global variables
+	document = doc;
+	docElem = document.documentElement;
+	documentIsHTML = !isXML( document );
+
+	// Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+
+	// Accessing iframe documents after unload throws "permission denied" errors (jQuery #13936)
+	// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+	// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+	// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+	// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+	if ( preferredDoc != document &&
+		( subWindow = document.defaultView ) && subWindow.top !== subWindow ) {
+
+		// Support: IE 11, Edge
+		if ( subWindow.addEventListener ) {
+			subWindow.addEventListener( "unload", unloadHandler, false );
+
+		// Support: IE 9 - 10 only
+		} else if ( subWindow.attachEvent ) {
+			subWindow.attachEvent( "onunload", unloadHandler );
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Support: IE 8 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, Chrome <=16 - 25 only, Firefox <=3.6 - 31 only,
+	// Safari 4 - 5 only, Opera <=11.6 - 12.x only
+	// IE/Edge & older browsers don't support the :scope pseudo-class.
+	// Support: Safari 6.0 only
+	// Safari 6.0 supports :scope but it's an alias of :root there.
+	support.scope = assert( function( el ) {
+		docElem.appendChild( el ).appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) );
+		return typeof el.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" &&
+			!el.querySelectorAll( ":scope fieldset div" ).length;
+	} );
+
+	/* Attributes
+	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+	// Support: IE<8
+	// Verify that getAttribute really returns attributes and not properties
+	// (excepting IE8 booleans)
+	support.attributes = assert( function( el ) {
+		el.className = "i";
+		return !el.getAttribute( "className" );
+	} );
+
+	/* getElement(s)By*
+	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+	// Check if getElementsByTagName("*") returns only elements
+	support.getElementsByTagName = assert( function( el ) {
+		el.appendChild( document.createComment( "" ) );
+		return !el.getElementsByTagName( "*" ).length;
+	} );
+
+	// Support: IE<9
+	support.getElementsByClassName = rnative.test( document.getElementsByClassName );
+
+	// Support: IE<10
+	// Check if getElementById returns elements by name
+	// The broken getElementById methods don't pick up programmatically-set names,
+	// so use a roundabout getElementsByName test
+	support.getById = assert( function( el ) {
+		docElem.appendChild( el ).id = expando;
+		return !document.getElementsByName || !document.getElementsByName( expando ).length;
+	} );
+
+	// ID filter and find
+	if ( support.getById ) {
+		Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) {
+			var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape );
+			return function( elem ) {
+				return elem.getAttribute( "id" ) === attrId;
+			};
+		};
+		Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) {
+			if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) {
+				var elem = context.getElementById( id );
+				return elem ? [ elem ] : [];
+			}
+		};
+	} else {
+		Expr.filter[ "ID" ] =  function( id ) {
+			var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape );
+			return function( elem ) {
+				var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== "undefined" &&
+					elem.getAttributeNode( "id" );
+				return node && node.value === attrId;
+			};
+		};
+
+		// Support: IE 6 - 7 only
+		// getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut
+		Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) {
+			if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) {
+				var node, i, elems,
+					elem = context.getElementById( id );
+
+				if ( elem ) {
+
+					// Verify the id attribute
+					node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" );
+					if ( node && node.value === id ) {
+						return [ elem ];
+					}
+
+					// Fall back on getElementsByName
+					elems = context.getElementsByName( id );
+					i = 0;
+					while ( ( elem = elems[ i++ ] ) ) {
+						node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" );
+						if ( node && node.value === id ) {
+							return [ elem ];
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+				return [];
+			}
+		};
+	}
+
+	// Tag
+	Expr.find[ "TAG" ] = support.getElementsByTagName ?
+		function( tag, context ) {
+			if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) {
+				return context.getElementsByTagName( tag );
+
+			// DocumentFragment nodes don't have gEBTN
+			} else if ( support.qsa ) {
+				return context.querySelectorAll( tag );
+			}
+		} :
+
+		function( tag, context ) {
+			var elem,
+				tmp = [],
+				i = 0,
+
+				// By happy coincidence, a (broken) gEBTN appears on DocumentFragment nodes too
+				results = context.getElementsByTagName( tag );
+
+			// Filter out possible comments
+			if ( tag === "*" ) {
+				while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) {
+					if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
+						tmp.push( elem );
+					}
+				}
+
+				return tmp;
+			}
+			return results;
+		};
+
+	// Class
+	Expr.find[ "CLASS" ] = support.getElementsByClassName && function( className, context ) {
+		if ( typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) {
+			return context.getElementsByClassName( className );
+		}
+	};
+
+	/* QSA/matchesSelector
+	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+	// QSA and matchesSelector support
+
+	// matchesSelector(:active) reports false when true (IE9/Opera 11.5)
+	rbuggyMatches = [];
+
+	// qSa(:focus) reports false when true (Chrome 21)
+	// We allow this because of a bug in IE8/9 that throws an error
+	// whenever `document.activeElement` is accessed on an iframe
+	// So, we allow :focus to pass through QSA all the time to avoid the IE error
+	// See https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13378
+	rbuggyQSA = [];
+
+	if ( ( support.qsa = rnative.test( document.querySelectorAll ) ) ) {
+
+		// Build QSA regex
+		// Regex strategy adopted from Diego Perini
+		assert( function( el ) {
+
+			var input;
+
+			// Select is set to empty string on purpose
+			// This is to test IE's treatment of not explicitly
+			// setting a boolean content attribute,
+			// since its presence should be enough
+			// https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12359
+			docElem.appendChild( el ).innerHTML = "<a id='" + expando + "'></a>" +
+				"<select id='" + expando + "-\r\\' msallowcapture=''>" +
+				"<option selected=''></option></select>";
+
+			// Support: IE8, Opera 11-12.16
+			// Nothing should be selected when empty strings follow ^= or $= or *=
+			// The test attribute must be unknown in Opera but "safe" for WinRT
+			// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/hh465388.aspx#attribute_section
+			if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[msallowcapture^='']" ).length ) {
+				rbuggyQSA.push( "[*^$]=" + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" );
+			}
+
+			// Support: IE8
+			// Boolean attributes and "value" are not treated correctly
+			if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[selected]" ).length ) {
+				rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*(?:value|" + booleans + ")" );
+			}
+
+			// Support: Chrome<29, Android<4.4, Safari<7.0+, iOS<7.0+, PhantomJS<1.9.8+
+			if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[id~=" + expando + "-]" ).length ) {
+				rbuggyQSA.push( "~=" );
+			}
+
+			// Support: IE 11+, Edge 15 - 18+
+			// IE 11/Edge don't find elements on a `[name='']` query in some cases.
+			// Adding a temporary attribute to the document before the selection works
+			// around the issue.
+			// Interestingly, IE 10 & older don't seem to have the issue.
+			input = document.createElement( "input" );
+			input.setAttribute( "name", "" );
+			el.appendChild( input );
+			if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[name='']" ).length ) {
+				rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*name" + whitespace + "*=" +
+					whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" );
+			}
+
+			// Webkit/Opera - :checked should return selected option elements
+			// http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked
+			// IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests
+			if ( !el.querySelectorAll( ":checked" ).length ) {
+				rbuggyQSA.push( ":checked" );
+			}
+
+			// Support: Safari 8+, iOS 8+
+			// https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=136851
+			// In-page `selector#id sibling-combinator selector` fails
+			if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "a#" + expando + "+*" ).length ) {
+				rbuggyQSA.push( ".#.+[+~]" );
+			}
+
+			// Support: Firefox <=3.6 - 5 only
+			// Old Firefox doesn't throw on a badly-escaped identifier.
+			el.querySelectorAll( "\\\f" );
+			rbuggyQSA.push( "[\\r\\n\\f]" );
+		} );
+
+		assert( function( el ) {
+			el.innerHTML = "<a href='' disabled='disabled'></a>" +
+				"<select disabled='disabled'><option/></select>";
+
+			// Support: Windows 8 Native Apps
+			// The type and name attributes are restricted during .innerHTML assignment
+			var input = document.createElement( "input" );
+			input.setAttribute( "type", "hidden" );
+			el.appendChild( input ).setAttribute( "name", "D" );
+
+			// Support: IE8
+			// Enforce case-sensitivity of name attribute
+			if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[name=d]" ).length ) {
+				rbuggyQSA.push( "name" + whitespace + "*[*^$|!~]?=" );
+			}
+
+			// FF 3.5 - :enabled/:disabled and hidden elements (hidden elements are still enabled)
+			// IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests
+			if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":enabled" ).length !== 2 ) {
+				rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" );
+			}
+
+			// Support: IE9-11+
+			// IE's :disabled selector does not pick up the children of disabled fieldsets
+			docElem.appendChild( el ).disabled = true;
+			if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":disabled" ).length !== 2 ) {
+				rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" );
+			}
+
+			// Support: Opera 10 - 11 only
+			// Opera 10-11 does not throw on post-comma invalid pseudos
+			el.querySelectorAll( "*,:x" );
+			rbuggyQSA.push( ",.*:" );
+		} );
+	}
+
+	if ( ( support.matchesSelector = rnative.test( ( matches = docElem.matches ||
+		docElem.webkitMatchesSelector ||
+		docElem.mozMatchesSelector ||
+		docElem.oMatchesSelector ||
+		docElem.msMatchesSelector ) ) ) ) {
+
+		assert( function( el ) {
+
+			// Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector
+			// on a disconnected node (IE 9)
+			support.disconnectedMatch = matches.call( el, "*" );
+
+			// This should fail with an exception
+			// Gecko does not error, returns false instead
+			matches.call( el, "[s!='']:x" );
+			rbuggyMatches.push( "!=", pseudos );
+		} );
+	}
+
+	rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp( rbuggyQSA.join( "|" ) );
+	rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp( rbuggyMatches.join( "|" ) );
+
+	/* Contains
+	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+	hasCompare = rnative.test( docElem.compareDocumentPosition );
+
+	// Element contains another
+	// Purposefully self-exclusive
+	// As in, an element does not contain itself
+	contains = hasCompare || rnative.test( docElem.contains ) ?
+		function( a, b ) {
+			var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a,
+				bup = b && b.parentNode;
+			return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && (
+				adown.contains ?
+					adown.contains( bup ) :
+					a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16
+			) );
+		} :
+		function( a, b ) {
+			if ( b ) {
+				while ( ( b = b.parentNode ) ) {
+					if ( b === a ) {
+						return true;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return false;
+		};
+
+	/* Sorting
+	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+	// Document order sorting
+	sortOrder = hasCompare ?
+	function( a, b ) {
+
+		// Flag for duplicate removal
+		if ( a === b ) {
+			hasDuplicate = true;
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		// Sort on method existence if only one input has compareDocumentPosition
+		var compare = !a.compareDocumentPosition - !b.compareDocumentPosition;
+		if ( compare ) {
+			return compare;
+		}
+
+		// Calculate position if both inputs belong to the same document
+		// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+		// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+		// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+		// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+		compare = ( a.ownerDocument || a ) == ( b.ownerDocument || b ) ?
+			a.compareDocumentPosition( b ) :
+
+			// Otherwise we know they are disconnected
+			1;
+
+		// Disconnected nodes
+		if ( compare & 1 ||
+			( !support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition( a ) === compare ) ) {
+
+			// Choose the first element that is related to our preferred document
+			// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+			// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+			// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+			// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+			if ( a == document || a.ownerDocument == preferredDoc &&
+				contains( preferredDoc, a ) ) {
+				return -1;
+			}
+
+			// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+			// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+			// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+			// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+			if ( b == document || b.ownerDocument == preferredDoc &&
+				contains( preferredDoc, b ) ) {
+				return 1;
+			}
+
+			// Maintain original order
+			return sortInput ?
+				( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) :
+				0;
+		}
+
+		return compare & 4 ? -1 : 1;
+	} :
+	function( a, b ) {
+
+		// Exit early if the nodes are identical
+		if ( a === b ) {
+			hasDuplicate = true;
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		var cur,
+			i = 0,
+			aup = a.parentNode,
+			bup = b.parentNode,
+			ap = [ a ],
+			bp = [ b ];
+
+		// Parentless nodes are either documents or disconnected
+		if ( !aup || !bup ) {
+
+			// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+			// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+			// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+			/* eslint-disable eqeqeq */
+			return a == document ? -1 :
+				b == document ? 1 :
+				/* eslint-enable eqeqeq */
+				aup ? -1 :
+				bup ? 1 :
+				sortInput ?
+				( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) :
+				0;
+
+		// If the nodes are siblings, we can do a quick check
+		} else if ( aup === bup ) {
+			return siblingCheck( a, b );
+		}
+
+		// Otherwise we need full lists of their ancestors for comparison
+		cur = a;
+		while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) {
+			ap.unshift( cur );
+		}
+		cur = b;
+		while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) {
+			bp.unshift( cur );
+		}
+
+		// Walk down the tree looking for a discrepancy
+		while ( ap[ i ] === bp[ i ] ) {
+			i++;
+		}
+
+		return i ?
+
+			// Do a sibling check if the nodes have a common ancestor
+			siblingCheck( ap[ i ], bp[ i ] ) :
+
+			// Otherwise nodes in our document sort first
+			// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+			// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+			// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+			/* eslint-disable eqeqeq */
+			ap[ i ] == preferredDoc ? -1 :
+			bp[ i ] == preferredDoc ? 1 :
+			/* eslint-enable eqeqeq */
+			0;
+	};
+
+	return document;
+};
+
+Sizzle.matches = function( expr, elements ) {
+	return Sizzle( expr, null, null, elements );
+};
+
+Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( elem, expr ) {
+	setDocument( elem );
+
+	if ( support.matchesSelector && documentIsHTML &&
+		!nonnativeSelectorCache[ expr + " " ] &&
+		( !rbuggyMatches || !rbuggyMatches.test( expr ) ) &&
+		( !rbuggyQSA     || !rbuggyQSA.test( expr ) ) ) {
+
+		try {
+			var ret = matches.call( elem, expr );
+
+			// IE 9's matchesSelector returns false on disconnected nodes
+			if ( ret || support.disconnectedMatch ||
+
+				// As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document
+				// fragment in IE 9
+				elem.document && elem.document.nodeType !== 11 ) {
+				return ret;
+			}
+		} catch ( e ) {
+			nonnativeSelectorCache( expr, true );
+		}
+	}
+
+	return Sizzle( expr, document, null, [ elem ] ).length > 0;
+};
+
+Sizzle.contains = function( context, elem ) {
+
+	// Set document vars if needed
+	// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+	// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+	// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+	// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+	if ( ( context.ownerDocument || context ) != document ) {
+		setDocument( context );
+	}
+	return contains( context, elem );
+};
+
+Sizzle.attr = function( elem, name ) {
+
+	// Set document vars if needed
+	// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+	// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+	// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+	// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+	if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) != document ) {
+		setDocument( elem );
+	}
+
+	var fn = Expr.attrHandle[ name.toLowerCase() ],
+
+		// Don't get fooled by Object.prototype properties (jQuery #13807)
+		val = fn && hasOwn.call( Expr.attrHandle, name.toLowerCase() ) ?
+			fn( elem, name, !documentIsHTML ) :
+			undefined;
+
+	return val !== undefined ?
+		val :
+		support.attributes || !documentIsHTML ?
+			elem.getAttribute( name ) :
+			( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ?
+				val.value :
+				null;
+};
+
+Sizzle.escape = function( sel ) {
+	return ( sel + "" ).replace( rcssescape, fcssescape );
+};
+
+Sizzle.error = function( msg ) {
+	throw new Error( "Syntax error, unrecognized expression: " + msg );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Document sorting and removing duplicates
+ * @param {ArrayLike} results
+ */
+Sizzle.uniqueSort = function( results ) {
+	var elem,
+		duplicates = [],
+		j = 0,
+		i = 0;
+
+	// Unless we *know* we can detect duplicates, assume their presence
+	hasDuplicate = !support.detectDuplicates;
+	sortInput = !support.sortStable && results.slice( 0 );
+	results.sort( sortOrder );
+
+	if ( hasDuplicate ) {
+		while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) {
+			if ( elem === results[ i ] ) {
+				j = duplicates.push( i );
+			}
+		}
+		while ( j-- ) {
+			results.splice( duplicates[ j ], 1 );
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Clear input after sorting to release objects
+	// See https://github.com/jquery/sizzle/pull/225
+	sortInput = null;
+
+	return results;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Utility function for retrieving the text value of an array of DOM nodes
+ * @param {Array|Element} elem
+ */
+getText = Sizzle.getText = function( elem ) {
+	var node,
+		ret = "",
+		i = 0,
+		nodeType = elem.nodeType;
+
+	if ( !nodeType ) {
+
+		// If no nodeType, this is expected to be an array
+		while ( ( node = elem[ i++ ] ) ) {
+
+			// Do not traverse comment nodes
+			ret += getText( node );
+		}
+	} else if ( nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 9 || nodeType === 11 ) {
+
+		// Use textContent for elements
+		// innerText usage removed for consistency of new lines (jQuery #11153)
+		if ( typeof elem.textContent === "string" ) {
+			return elem.textContent;
+		} else {
+
+			// Traverse its children
+			for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) {
+				ret += getText( elem );
+			}
+		}
+	} else if ( nodeType === 3 || nodeType === 4 ) {
+		return elem.nodeValue;
+	}
+
+	// Do not include comment or processing instruction nodes
+
+	return ret;
+};
+
+Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
+
+	// Can be adjusted by the user
+	cacheLength: 50,
+
+	createPseudo: markFunction,
+
+	match: matchExpr,
+
+	attrHandle: {},
+
+	find: {},
+
+	relative: {
+		">": { dir: "parentNode", first: true },
+		" ": { dir: "parentNode" },
+		"+": { dir: "previousSibling", first: true },
+		"~": { dir: "previousSibling" }
+	},
+
+	preFilter: {
+		"ATTR": function( match ) {
+			match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].replace( runescape, funescape );
+
+			// Move the given value to match[3] whether quoted or unquoted
+			match[ 3 ] = ( match[ 3 ] || match[ 4 ] ||
+				match[ 5 ] || "" ).replace( runescape, funescape );
+
+			if ( match[ 2 ] === "~=" ) {
+				match[ 3 ] = " " + match[ 3 ] + " ";
+			}
+
+			return match.slice( 0, 4 );
+		},
+
+		"CHILD": function( match ) {
+
+			/* matches from matchExpr["CHILD"]
+				1 type (only|nth|...)
+				2 what (child|of-type)
+				3 argument (even|odd|\d*|\d*n([+-]\d+)?|...)
+				4 xn-component of xn+y argument ([+-]?\d*n|)
+				5 sign of xn-component
+				6 x of xn-component
+				7 sign of y-component
+				8 y of y-component
+			*/
+			match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].toLowerCase();
+
+			if ( match[ 1 ].slice( 0, 3 ) === "nth" ) {
+
+				// nth-* requires argument
+				if ( !match[ 3 ] ) {
+					Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] );
+				}
+
+				// numeric x and y parameters for Expr.filter.CHILD
+				// remember that false/true cast respectively to 0/1
+				match[ 4 ] = +( match[ 4 ] ?
+					match[ 5 ] + ( match[ 6 ] || 1 ) :
+					2 * ( match[ 3 ] === "even" || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ) );
+				match[ 5 ] = +( ( match[ 7 ] + match[ 8 ] ) || match[ 3 ] === "odd" );
+
+				// other types prohibit arguments
+			} else if ( match[ 3 ] ) {
+				Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] );
+			}
+
+			return match;
+		},
+
+		"PSEUDO": function( match ) {
+			var excess,
+				unquoted = !match[ 6 ] && match[ 2 ];
+
+			if ( matchExpr[ "CHILD" ].test( match[ 0 ] ) ) {
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			// Accept quoted arguments as-is
+			if ( match[ 3 ] ) {
+				match[ 2 ] = match[ 4 ] || match[ 5 ] || "";
+
+			// Strip excess characters from unquoted arguments
+			} else if ( unquoted && rpseudo.test( unquoted ) &&
+
+				// Get excess from tokenize (recursively)
+				( excess = tokenize( unquoted, true ) ) &&
+
+				// advance to the next closing parenthesis
+				( excess = unquoted.indexOf( ")", unquoted.length - excess ) - unquoted.length ) ) {
+
+				// excess is a negative index
+				match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0, excess );
+				match[ 2 ] = unquoted.slice( 0, excess );
+			}
+
+			// Return only captures needed by the pseudo filter method (type and argument)
+			return match.slice( 0, 3 );
+		}
+	},
+
+	filter: {
+
+		"TAG": function( nodeNameSelector ) {
+			var nodeName = nodeNameSelector.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase();
+			return nodeNameSelector === "*" ?
+				function() {
+					return true;
+				} :
+				function( elem ) {
+					return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName;
+				};
+		},
+
+		"CLASS": function( className ) {
+			var pattern = classCache[ className + " " ];
+
+			return pattern ||
+				( pattern = new RegExp( "(^|" + whitespace +
+					")" + className + "(" + whitespace + "|$)" ) ) && classCache(
+						className, function( elem ) {
+							return pattern.test(
+								typeof elem.className === "string" && elem.className ||
+								typeof elem.getAttribute !== "undefined" &&
+									elem.getAttribute( "class" ) ||
+								""
+							);
+				} );
+		},
+
+		"ATTR": function( name, operator, check ) {
+			return function( elem ) {
+				var result = Sizzle.attr( elem, name );
+
+				if ( result == null ) {
+					return operator === "!=";
+				}
+				if ( !operator ) {
+					return true;
+				}
+
+				result += "";
+
+				/* eslint-disable max-len */
+
+				return operator === "=" ? result === check :
+					operator === "!=" ? result !== check :
+					operator === "^=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) === 0 :
+					operator === "*=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) > -1 :
+					operator === "$=" ? check && result.slice( -check.length ) === check :
+					operator === "~=" ? ( " " + result.replace( rwhitespace, " " ) + " " ).indexOf( check ) > -1 :
+					operator === "|=" ? result === check || result.slice( 0, check.length + 1 ) === check + "-" :
+					false;
+				/* eslint-enable max-len */
+
+			};
+		},
+
+		"CHILD": function( type, what, _argument, first, last ) {
+			var simple = type.slice( 0, 3 ) !== "nth",
+				forward = type.slice( -4 ) !== "last",
+				ofType = what === "of-type";
+
+			return first === 1 && last === 0 ?
+
+				// Shortcut for :nth-*(n)
+				function( elem ) {
+					return !!elem.parentNode;
+				} :
+
+				function( elem, _context, xml ) {
+					var cache, uniqueCache, outerCache, node, nodeIndex, start,
+						dir = simple !== forward ? "nextSibling" : "previousSibling",
+						parent = elem.parentNode,
+						name = ofType && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(),
+						useCache = !xml && !ofType,
+						diff = false;
+
+					if ( parent ) {
+
+						// :(first|last|only)-(child|of-type)
+						if ( simple ) {
+							while ( dir ) {
+								node = elem;
+								while ( ( node = node[ dir ] ) ) {
+									if ( ofType ?
+										node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name :
+										node.nodeType === 1 ) {
+
+										return false;
+									}
+								}
+
+								// Reverse direction for :only-* (if we haven't yet done so)
+								start = dir = type === "only" && !start && "nextSibling";
+							}
+							return true;
+						}
+
+						start = [ forward ? parent.firstChild : parent.lastChild ];
+
+						// non-xml :nth-child(...) stores cache data on `parent`
+						if ( forward && useCache ) {
+
+							// Seek `elem` from a previously-cached index
+
+							// ...in a gzip-friendly way
+							node = parent;
+							outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} );
+
+							// Support: IE <9 only
+							// Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709)
+							uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] ||
+								( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} );
+
+							cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || [];
+							nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ];
+							diff = nodeIndex && cache[ 2 ];
+							node = nodeIndex && parent.childNodes[ nodeIndex ];
+
+							while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] ||
+
+								// Fallback to seeking `elem` from the start
+								( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) {
+
+								// When found, cache indexes on `parent` and break
+								if ( node.nodeType === 1 && ++diff && node === elem ) {
+									uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, nodeIndex, diff ];
+									break;
+								}
+							}
+
+						} else {
+
+							// Use previously-cached element index if available
+							if ( useCache ) {
+
+								// ...in a gzip-friendly way
+								node = elem;
+								outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} );
+
+								// Support: IE <9 only
+								// Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709)
+								uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] ||
+									( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} );
+
+								cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || [];
+								nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ];
+								diff = nodeIndex;
+							}
+
+							// xml :nth-child(...)
+							// or :nth-last-child(...) or :nth(-last)?-of-type(...)
+							if ( diff === false ) {
+
+								// Use the same loop as above to seek `elem` from the start
+								while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] ||
+									( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) {
+
+									if ( ( ofType ?
+										node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name :
+										node.nodeType === 1 ) &&
+										++diff ) {
+
+										// Cache the index of each encountered element
+										if ( useCache ) {
+											outerCache = node[ expando ] ||
+												( node[ expando ] = {} );
+
+											// Support: IE <9 only
+											// Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709)
+											uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] ||
+												( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} );
+
+											uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, diff ];
+										}
+
+										if ( node === elem ) {
+											break;
+										}
+									}
+								}
+							}
+						}
+
+						// Incorporate the offset, then check against cycle size
+						diff -= last;
+						return diff === first || ( diff % first === 0 && diff / first >= 0 );
+					}
+				};
+		},
+
+		"PSEUDO": function( pseudo, argument ) {
+
+			// pseudo-class names are case-insensitive
+			// http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#pseudo-classes
+			// Prioritize by case sensitivity in case custom pseudos are added with uppercase letters
+			// Remember that setFilters inherits from pseudos
+			var args,
+				fn = Expr.pseudos[ pseudo ] || Expr.setFilters[ pseudo.toLowerCase() ] ||
+					Sizzle.error( "unsupported pseudo: " + pseudo );
+
+			// The user may use createPseudo to indicate that
+			// arguments are needed to create the filter function
+			// just as Sizzle does
+			if ( fn[ expando ] ) {
+				return fn( argument );
+			}
+
+			// But maintain support for old signatures
+			if ( fn.length > 1 ) {
+				args = [ pseudo, pseudo, "", argument ];
+				return Expr.setFilters.hasOwnProperty( pseudo.toLowerCase() ) ?
+					markFunction( function( seed, matches ) {
+						var idx,
+							matched = fn( seed, argument ),
+							i = matched.length;
+						while ( i-- ) {
+							idx = indexOf( seed, matched[ i ] );
+							seed[ idx ] = !( matches[ idx ] = matched[ i ] );
+						}
+					} ) :
+					function( elem ) {
+						return fn( elem, 0, args );
+					};
+			}
+
+			return fn;
+		}
+	},
+
+	pseudos: {
+
+		// Potentially complex pseudos
+		"not": markFunction( function( selector ) {
+
+			// Trim the selector passed to compile
+			// to avoid treating leading and trailing
+			// spaces as combinators
+			var input = [],
+				results = [],
+				matcher = compile( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ) );
+
+			return matcher[ expando ] ?
+				markFunction( function( seed, matches, _context, xml ) {
+					var elem,
+						unmatched = matcher( seed, null, xml, [] ),
+						i = seed.length;
+
+					// Match elements unmatched by `matcher`
+					while ( i-- ) {
+						if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) {
+							seed[ i ] = !( matches[ i ] = elem );
+						}
+					}
+				} ) :
+				function( elem, _context, xml ) {
+					input[ 0 ] = elem;
+					matcher( input, null, xml, results );
+
+					// Don't keep the element (issue #299)
+					input[ 0 ] = null;
+					return !results.pop();
+				};
+		} ),
+
+		"has": markFunction( function( selector ) {
+			return function( elem ) {
+				return Sizzle( selector, elem ).length > 0;
+			};
+		} ),
+
+		"contains": markFunction( function( text ) {
+			text = text.replace( runescape, funescape );
+			return function( elem ) {
+				return ( elem.textContent || getText( elem ) ).indexOf( text ) > -1;
+			};
+		} ),
+
+		// "Whether an element is represented by a :lang() selector
+		// is based solely on the element's language value
+		// being equal to the identifier C,
+		// or beginning with the identifier C immediately followed by "-".
+		// The matching of C against the element's language value is performed case-insensitively.
+		// The identifier C does not have to be a valid language name."
+		// http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#lang-pseudo
+		"lang": markFunction( function( lang ) {
+
+			// lang value must be a valid identifier
+			if ( !ridentifier.test( lang || "" ) ) {
+				Sizzle.error( "unsupported lang: " + lang );
+			}
+			lang = lang.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase();
+			return function( elem ) {
+				var elemLang;
+				do {
+					if ( ( elemLang = documentIsHTML ?
+						elem.lang :
+						elem.getAttribute( "xml:lang" ) || elem.getAttribute( "lang" ) ) ) {
+
+						elemLang = elemLang.toLowerCase();
+						return elemLang === lang || elemLang.indexOf( lang + "-" ) === 0;
+					}
+				} while ( ( elem = elem.parentNode ) && elem.nodeType === 1 );
+				return false;
+			};
+		} ),
+
+		// Miscellaneous
+		"target": function( elem ) {
+			var hash = window.location && window.location.hash;
+			return hash && hash.slice( 1 ) === elem.id;
+		},
+
+		"root": function( elem ) {
+			return elem === docElem;
+		},
+
+		"focus": function( elem ) {
+			return elem === document.activeElement &&
+				( !document.hasFocus || document.hasFocus() ) &&
+				!!( elem.type || elem.href || ~elem.tabIndex );
+		},
+
+		// Boolean properties
+		"enabled": createDisabledPseudo( false ),
+		"disabled": createDisabledPseudo( true ),
+
+		"checked": function( elem ) {
+
+			// In CSS3, :checked should return both checked and selected elements
+			// http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked
+			var nodeName = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+			return ( nodeName === "input" && !!elem.checked ) ||
+				( nodeName === "option" && !!elem.selected );
+		},
+
+		"selected": function( elem ) {
+
+			// Accessing this property makes selected-by-default
+			// options in Safari work properly
+			if ( elem.parentNode ) {
+				// eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions
+				elem.parentNode.selectedIndex;
+			}
+
+			return elem.selected === true;
+		},
+
+		// Contents
+		"empty": function( elem ) {
+
+			// http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#empty-pseudo
+			// :empty is negated by element (1) or content nodes (text: 3; cdata: 4; entity ref: 5),
+			//   but not by others (comment: 8; processing instruction: 7; etc.)
+			// nodeType < 6 works because attributes (2) do not appear as children
+			for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) {
+				if ( elem.nodeType < 6 ) {
+					return false;
+				}
+			}
+			return true;
+		},
+
+		"parent": function( elem ) {
+			return !Expr.pseudos[ "empty" ]( elem );
+		},
+
+		// Element/input types
+		"header": function( elem ) {
+			return rheader.test( elem.nodeName );
+		},
+
+		"input": function( elem ) {
+			return rinputs.test( elem.nodeName );
+		},
+
+		"button": function( elem ) {
+			var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+			return name === "input" && elem.type === "button" || name === "button";
+		},
+
+		"text": function( elem ) {
+			var attr;
+			return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" &&
+				elem.type === "text" &&
+
+				// Support: IE<8
+				// New HTML5 attribute values (e.g., "search") appear with elem.type === "text"
+				( ( attr = elem.getAttribute( "type" ) ) == null ||
+					attr.toLowerCase() === "text" );
+		},
+
+		// Position-in-collection
+		"first": createPositionalPseudo( function() {
+			return [ 0 ];
+		} ),
+
+		"last": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length ) {
+			return [ length - 1 ];
+		} ),
+
+		"eq": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
+			return [ argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument ];
+		} ),
+
+		"even": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) {
+			var i = 0;
+			for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) {
+				matchIndexes.push( i );
+			}
+			return matchIndexes;
+		} ),
+
+		"odd": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) {
+			var i = 1;
+			for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) {
+				matchIndexes.push( i );
+			}
+			return matchIndexes;
+		} ),
+
+		"lt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
+			var i = argument < 0 ?
+				argument + length :
+				argument > length ?
+					length :
+					argument;
+			for ( ; --i >= 0; ) {
+				matchIndexes.push( i );
+			}
+			return matchIndexes;
+		} ),
+
+		"gt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
+			var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument;
+			for ( ; ++i < length; ) {
+				matchIndexes.push( i );
+			}
+			return matchIndexes;
+		} )
+	}
+};
+
+Expr.pseudos[ "nth" ] = Expr.pseudos[ "eq" ];
+
+// Add button/input type pseudos
+for ( i in { radio: true, checkbox: true, file: true, password: true, image: true } ) {
+	Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createInputPseudo( i );
+}
+for ( i in { submit: true, reset: true } ) {
+	Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createButtonPseudo( i );
+}
+
+// Easy API for creating new setFilters
+function setFilters() {}
+setFilters.prototype = Expr.filters = Expr.pseudos;
+Expr.setFilters = new setFilters();
+
+tokenize = Sizzle.tokenize = function( selector, parseOnly ) {
+	var matched, match, tokens, type,
+		soFar, groups, preFilters,
+		cached = tokenCache[ selector + " " ];
+
+	if ( cached ) {
+		return parseOnly ? 0 : cached.slice( 0 );
+	}
+
+	soFar = selector;
+	groups = [];
+	preFilters = Expr.preFilter;
+
+	while ( soFar ) {
+
+		// Comma and first run
+		if ( !matched || ( match = rcomma.exec( soFar ) ) ) {
+			if ( match ) {
+
+				// Don't consume trailing commas as valid
+				soFar = soFar.slice( match[ 0 ].length ) || soFar;
+			}
+			groups.push( ( tokens = [] ) );
+		}
+
+		matched = false;
+
+		// Combinators
+		if ( ( match = rcombinators.exec( soFar ) ) ) {
+			matched = match.shift();
+			tokens.push( {
+				value: matched,
+
+				// Cast descendant combinators to space
+				type: match[ 0 ].replace( rtrim, " " )
+			} );
+			soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length );
+		}
+
+		// Filters
+		for ( type in Expr.filter ) {
+			if ( ( match = matchExpr[ type ].exec( soFar ) ) && ( !preFilters[ type ] ||
+				( match = preFilters[ type ]( match ) ) ) ) {
+				matched = match.shift();
+				tokens.push( {
+					value: matched,
+					type: type,
+					matches: match
+				} );
+				soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length );
+			}
+		}
+
+		if ( !matched ) {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Return the length of the invalid excess
+	// if we're just parsing
+	// Otherwise, throw an error or return tokens
+	return parseOnly ?
+		soFar.length :
+		soFar ?
+			Sizzle.error( selector ) :
+
+			// Cache the tokens
+			tokenCache( selector, groups ).slice( 0 );
+};
+
+function toSelector( tokens ) {
+	var i = 0,
+		len = tokens.length,
+		selector = "";
+	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
+		selector += tokens[ i ].value;
+	}
+	return selector;
+}
+
+function addCombinator( matcher, combinator, base ) {
+	var dir = combinator.dir,
+		skip = combinator.next,
+		key = skip || dir,
+		checkNonElements = base && key === "parentNode",
+		doneName = done++;
+
+	return combinator.first ?
+
+		// Check against closest ancestor/preceding element
+		function( elem, context, xml ) {
+			while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) {
+				if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) {
+					return matcher( elem, context, xml );
+				}
+			}
+			return false;
+		} :
+
+		// Check against all ancestor/preceding elements
+		function( elem, context, xml ) {
+			var oldCache, uniqueCache, outerCache,
+				newCache = [ dirruns, doneName ];
+
+			// We can't set arbitrary data on XML nodes, so they don't benefit from combinator caching
+			if ( xml ) {
+				while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) {
+					if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) {
+						if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) {
+							return true;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) {
+					if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) {
+						outerCache = elem[ expando ] || ( elem[ expando ] = {} );
+
+						// Support: IE <9 only
+						// Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709)
+						uniqueCache = outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] ||
+							( outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] = {} );
+
+						if ( skip && skip === elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ) {
+							elem = elem[ dir ] || elem;
+						} else if ( ( oldCache = uniqueCache[ key ] ) &&
+							oldCache[ 0 ] === dirruns && oldCache[ 1 ] === doneName ) {
+
+							// Assign to newCache so results back-propagate to previous elements
+							return ( newCache[ 2 ] = oldCache[ 2 ] );
+						} else {
+
+							// Reuse newcache so results back-propagate to previous elements
+							uniqueCache[ key ] = newCache;
+
+							// A match means we're done; a fail means we have to keep checking
+							if ( ( newCache[ 2 ] = matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) ) {
+								return true;
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return false;
+		};
+}
+
+function elementMatcher( matchers ) {
+	return matchers.length > 1 ?
+		function( elem, context, xml ) {
+			var i = matchers.length;
+			while ( i-- ) {
+				if ( !matchers[ i ]( elem, context, xml ) ) {
+					return false;
+				}
+			}
+			return true;
+		} :
+		matchers[ 0 ];
+}
+
+function multipleContexts( selector, contexts, results ) {
+	var i = 0,
+		len = contexts.length;
+	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
+		Sizzle( selector, contexts[ i ], results );
+	}
+	return results;
+}
+
+function condense( unmatched, map, filter, context, xml ) {
+	var elem,
+		newUnmatched = [],
+		i = 0,
+		len = unmatched.length,
+		mapped = map != null;
+
+	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
+		if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) {
+			if ( !filter || filter( elem, context, xml ) ) {
+				newUnmatched.push( elem );
+				if ( mapped ) {
+					map.push( i );
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return newUnmatched;
+}
+
+function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postSelector ) {
+	if ( postFilter && !postFilter[ expando ] ) {
+		postFilter = setMatcher( postFilter );
+	}
+	if ( postFinder && !postFinder[ expando ] ) {
+		postFinder = setMatcher( postFinder, postSelector );
+	}
+	return markFunction( function( seed, results, context, xml ) {
+		var temp, i, elem,
+			preMap = [],
+			postMap = [],
+			preexisting = results.length,
+
+			// Get initial elements from seed or context
+			elems = seed || multipleContexts(
+				selector || "*",
+				context.nodeType ? [ context ] : context,
+				[]
+			),
+
+			// Prefilter to get matcher input, preserving a map for seed-results synchronization
+			matcherIn = preFilter && ( seed || !selector ) ?
+				condense( elems, preMap, preFilter, context, xml ) :
+				elems,
+
+			matcherOut = matcher ?
+
+				// If we have a postFinder, or filtered seed, or non-seed postFilter or preexisting results,
+				postFinder || ( seed ? preFilter : preexisting || postFilter ) ?
+
+					// ...intermediate processing is necessary
+					[] :
+
+					// ...otherwise use results directly
+					results :
+				matcherIn;
+
+		// Find primary matches
+		if ( matcher ) {
+			matcher( matcherIn, matcherOut, context, xml );
+		}
+
+		// Apply postFilter
+		if ( postFilter ) {
+			temp = condense( matcherOut, postMap );
+			postFilter( temp, [], context, xml );
+
+			// Un-match failing elements by moving them back to matcherIn
+			i = temp.length;
+			while ( i-- ) {
+				if ( ( elem = temp[ i ] ) ) {
+					matcherOut[ postMap[ i ] ] = !( matcherIn[ postMap[ i ] ] = elem );
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if ( seed ) {
+			if ( postFinder || preFilter ) {
+				if ( postFinder ) {
+
+					// Get the final matcherOut by condensing this intermediate into postFinder contexts
+					temp = [];
+					i = matcherOut.length;
+					while ( i-- ) {
+						if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) ) {
+
+							// Restore matcherIn since elem is not yet a final match
+							temp.push( ( matcherIn[ i ] = elem ) );
+						}
+					}
+					postFinder( null, ( matcherOut = [] ), temp, xml );
+				}
+
+				// Move matched elements from seed to results to keep them synchronized
+				i = matcherOut.length;
+				while ( i-- ) {
+					if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) &&
+						( temp = postFinder ? indexOf( seed, elem ) : preMap[ i ] ) > -1 ) {
+
+						seed[ temp ] = !( results[ temp ] = elem );
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+		// Add elements to results, through postFinder if defined
+		} else {
+			matcherOut = condense(
+				matcherOut === results ?
+					matcherOut.splice( preexisting, matcherOut.length ) :
+					matcherOut
+			);
+			if ( postFinder ) {
+				postFinder( null, results, matcherOut, xml );
+			} else {
+				push.apply( results, matcherOut );
+			}
+		}
+	} );
+}
+
+function matcherFromTokens( tokens ) {
+	var checkContext, matcher, j,
+		len = tokens.length,
+		leadingRelative = Expr.relative[ tokens[ 0 ].type ],
+		implicitRelative = leadingRelative || Expr.relative[ " " ],
+		i = leadingRelative ? 1 : 0,
+
+		// The foundational matcher ensures that elements are reachable from top-level context(s)
+		matchContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) {
+			return elem === checkContext;
+		}, implicitRelative, true ),
+		matchAnyContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) {
+			return indexOf( checkContext, elem ) > -1;
+		}, implicitRelative, true ),
+		matchers = [ function( elem, context, xml ) {
+			var ret = ( !leadingRelative && ( xml || context !== outermostContext ) ) || (
+				( checkContext = context ).nodeType ?
+					matchContext( elem, context, xml ) :
+					matchAnyContext( elem, context, xml ) );
+
+			// Avoid hanging onto element (issue #299)
+			checkContext = null;
+			return ret;
+		} ];
+
+	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
+		if ( ( matcher = Expr.relative[ tokens[ i ].type ] ) ) {
+			matchers = [ addCombinator( elementMatcher( matchers ), matcher ) ];
+		} else {
+			matcher = Expr.filter[ tokens[ i ].type ].apply( null, tokens[ i ].matches );
+
+			// Return special upon seeing a positional matcher
+			if ( matcher[ expando ] ) {
+
+				// Find the next relative operator (if any) for proper handling
+				j = ++i;
+				for ( ; j < len; j++ ) {
+					if ( Expr.relative[ tokens[ j ].type ] ) {
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				return setMatcher(
+					i > 1 && elementMatcher( matchers ),
+					i > 1 && toSelector(
+
+					// If the preceding token was a descendant combinator, insert an implicit any-element `*`
+					tokens
+						.slice( 0, i - 1 )
+						.concat( { value: tokens[ i - 2 ].type === " " ? "*" : "" } )
+					).replace( rtrim, "$1" ),
+					matcher,
+					i < j && matcherFromTokens( tokens.slice( i, j ) ),
+					j < len && matcherFromTokens( ( tokens = tokens.slice( j ) ) ),
+					j < len && toSelector( tokens )
+				);
+			}
+			matchers.push( matcher );
+		}
+	}
+
+	return elementMatcher( matchers );
+}
+
+function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) {
+	var bySet = setMatchers.length > 0,
+		byElement = elementMatchers.length > 0,
+		superMatcher = function( seed, context, xml, results, outermost ) {
+			var elem, j, matcher,
+				matchedCount = 0,
+				i = "0",
+				unmatched = seed && [],
+				setMatched = [],
+				contextBackup = outermostContext,
+
+				// We must always have either seed elements or outermost context
+				elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find[ "TAG" ]( "*", outermost ),
+
+				// Use integer dirruns iff this is the outermost matcher
+				dirrunsUnique = ( dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1 ),
+				len = elems.length;
+
+			if ( outermost ) {
+
+				// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+				// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+				// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+				// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+				outermostContext = context == document || context || outermost;
+			}
+
+			// Add elements passing elementMatchers directly to results
+			// Support: IE<9, Safari
+			// Tolerate NodeList properties (IE: "length"; Safari: <number>) matching elements by id
+			for ( ; i !== len && ( elem = elems[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) {
+				if ( byElement && elem ) {
+					j = 0;
+
+					// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
+					// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
+					// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
+					// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
+					if ( !context && elem.ownerDocument != document ) {
+						setDocument( elem );
+						xml = !documentIsHTML;
+					}
+					while ( ( matcher = elementMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) {
+						if ( matcher( elem, context || document, xml ) ) {
+							results.push( elem );
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+					if ( outermost ) {
+						dirruns = dirrunsUnique;
+					}
+				}
+
+				// Track unmatched elements for set filters
+				if ( bySet ) {
+
+					// They will have gone through all possible matchers
+					if ( ( elem = !matcher && elem ) ) {
+						matchedCount--;
+					}
+
+					// Lengthen the array for every element, matched or not
+					if ( seed ) {
+						unmatched.push( elem );
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// `i` is now the count of elements visited above, and adding it to `matchedCount`
+			// makes the latter nonnegative.
+			matchedCount += i;
+
+			// Apply set filters to unmatched elements
+			// NOTE: This can be skipped if there are no unmatched elements (i.e., `matchedCount`
+			// equals `i`), unless we didn't visit _any_ elements in the above loop because we have
+			// no element matchers and no seed.
+			// Incrementing an initially-string "0" `i` allows `i` to remain a string only in that
+			// case, which will result in a "00" `matchedCount` that differs from `i` but is also
+			// numerically zero.
+			if ( bySet && i !== matchedCount ) {
+				j = 0;
+				while ( ( matcher = setMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) {
+					matcher( unmatched, setMatched, context, xml );
+				}
+
+				if ( seed ) {
+
+					// Reintegrate element matches to eliminate the need for sorting
+					if ( matchedCount > 0 ) {
+						while ( i-- ) {
+							if ( !( unmatched[ i ] || setMatched[ i ] ) ) {
+								setMatched[ i ] = pop.call( results );
+							}
+						}
+					}
+
+					// Discard index placeholder values to get only actual matches
+					setMatched = condense( setMatched );
+				}
+
+				// Add matches to results
+				push.apply( results, setMatched );
+
+				// Seedless set matches succeeding multiple successful matchers stipulate sorting
+				if ( outermost && !seed && setMatched.length > 0 &&
+					( matchedCount + setMatchers.length ) > 1 ) {
+
+					Sizzle.uniqueSort( results );
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Override manipulation of globals by nested matchers
+			if ( outermost ) {
+				dirruns = dirrunsUnique;
+				outermostContext = contextBackup;
+			}
+
+			return unmatched;
+		};
+
+	return bySet ?
+		markFunction( superMatcher ) :
+		superMatcher;
+}
+
+compile = Sizzle.compile = function( selector, match /* Internal Use Only */ ) {
+	var i,
+		setMatchers = [],
+		elementMatchers = [],
+		cached = compilerCache[ selector + " " ];
+
+	if ( !cached ) {
+
+		// Generate a function of recursive functions that can be used to check each element
+		if ( !match ) {
+			match = tokenize( selector );
+		}
+		i = match.length;
+		while ( i-- ) {
+			cached = matcherFromTokens( match[ i ] );
+			if ( cached[ expando ] ) {
+				setMatchers.push( cached );
+			} else {
+				elementMatchers.push( cached );
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Cache the compiled function
+		cached = compilerCache(
+			selector,
+			matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers )
+		);
+
+		// Save selector and tokenization
+		cached.selector = selector;
+	}
+	return cached;
+};
+
+/**
+ * A low-level selection function that works with Sizzle's compiled
+ *  selector functions
+ * @param {String|Function} selector A selector or a pre-compiled
+ *  selector function built with Sizzle.compile
+ * @param {Element} context
+ * @param {Array} [results]
+ * @param {Array} [seed] A set of elements to match against
+ */
+select = Sizzle.select = function( selector, context, results, seed ) {
+	var i, tokens, token, type, find,
+		compiled = typeof selector === "function" && selector,
+		match = !seed && tokenize( ( selector = compiled.selector || selector ) );
+
+	results = results || [];
+
+	// Try to minimize operations if there is only one selector in the list and no seed
+	// (the latter of which guarantees us context)
+	if ( match.length === 1 ) {
+
+		// Reduce context if the leading compound selector is an ID
+		tokens = match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0 );
+		if ( tokens.length > 2 && ( token = tokens[ 0 ] ).type === "ID" &&
+			context.nodeType === 9 && documentIsHTML && Expr.relative[ tokens[ 1 ].type ] ) {
+
+			context = ( Expr.find[ "ID" ]( token.matches[ 0 ]
+				.replace( runescape, funescape ), context ) || [] )[ 0 ];
+			if ( !context ) {
+				return results;
+
+			// Precompiled matchers will still verify ancestry, so step up a level
+			} else if ( compiled ) {
+				context = context.parentNode;
+			}
+
+			selector = selector.slice( tokens.shift().value.length );
+		}
+
+		// Fetch a seed set for right-to-left matching
+		i = matchExpr[ "needsContext" ].test( selector ) ? 0 : tokens.length;
+		while ( i-- ) {
+			token = tokens[ i ];
+
+			// Abort if we hit a combinator
+			if ( Expr.relative[ ( type = token.type ) ] ) {
+				break;
+			}
+			if ( ( find = Expr.find[ type ] ) ) {
+
+				// Search, expanding context for leading sibling combinators
+				if ( ( seed = find(
+					token.matches[ 0 ].replace( runescape, funescape ),
+					rsibling.test( tokens[ 0 ].type ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) ||
+						context
+				) ) ) {
+
+					// If seed is empty or no tokens remain, we can return early
+					tokens.splice( i, 1 );
+					selector = seed.length && toSelector( tokens );
+					if ( !selector ) {
+						push.apply( results, seed );
+						return results;
+					}
+
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Compile and execute a filtering function if one is not provided
+	// Provide `match` to avoid retokenization if we modified the selector above
+	( compiled || compile( selector, match ) )(
+		seed,
+		context,
+		!documentIsHTML,
+		results,
+		!context || rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context
+	);
+	return results;
+};
+
+// One-time assignments
+
+// Sort stability
+support.sortStable = expando.split( "" ).sort( sortOrder ).join( "" ) === expando;
+
+// Support: Chrome 14-35+
+// Always assume duplicates if they aren't passed to the comparison function
+support.detectDuplicates = !!hasDuplicate;
+
+// Initialize against the default document
+setDocument();
+
+// Support: Webkit<537.32 - Safari 6.0.3/Chrome 25 (fixed in Chrome 27)
+// Detached nodes confoundingly follow *each other*
+support.sortDetached = assert( function( el ) {
+
+	// Should return 1, but returns 4 (following)
+	return el.compareDocumentPosition( document.createElement( "fieldset" ) ) & 1;
+} );
+
+// Support: IE<8
+// Prevent attribute/property "interpolation"
+// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx
+if ( !assert( function( el ) {
+	el.innerHTML = "<a href='#'></a>";
+	return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "href" ) === "#";
+} ) ) {
+	addHandle( "type|href|height|width", function( elem, name, isXML ) {
+		if ( !isXML ) {
+			return elem.getAttribute( name, name.toLowerCase() === "type" ? 1 : 2 );
+		}
+	} );
+}
+
+// Support: IE<9
+// Use defaultValue in place of getAttribute("value")
+if ( !support.attributes || !assert( function( el ) {
+	el.innerHTML = "<input/>";
+	el.firstChild.setAttribute( "value", "" );
+	return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "value" ) === "";
+} ) ) {
+	addHandle( "value", function( elem, _name, isXML ) {
+		if ( !isXML && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" ) {
+			return elem.defaultValue;
+		}
+	} );
+}
+
+// Support: IE<9
+// Use getAttributeNode to fetch booleans when getAttribute lies
+if ( !assert( function( el ) {
+	return el.getAttribute( "disabled" ) == null;
+} ) ) {
+	addHandle( booleans, function( elem, name, isXML ) {
+		var val;
+		if ( !isXML ) {
+			return elem[ name ] === true ? name.toLowerCase() :
+				( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ?
+					val.value :
+					null;
+		}
+	} );
+}
+
+return Sizzle;
+
+} )( window );
+
+
+
+jQuery.find = Sizzle;
+jQuery.expr = Sizzle.selectors;
+
+// Deprecated
+jQuery.expr[ ":" ] = jQuery.expr.pseudos;
+jQuery.uniqueSort = jQuery.unique = Sizzle.uniqueSort;
+jQuery.text = Sizzle.getText;
+jQuery.isXMLDoc = Sizzle.isXML;
+jQuery.contains = Sizzle.contains;
+jQuery.escapeSelector = Sizzle.escape;
+
+
+
+
+var dir = function( elem, dir, until ) {
+	var matched = [],
+		truncate = until !== undefined;
+
+	while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) && elem.nodeType !== 9 ) {
+		if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
+			if ( truncate && jQuery( elem ).is( until ) ) {
+				break;
+			}
+			matched.push( elem );
+		}
+	}
+	return matched;
+};
+
+
+var siblings = function( n, elem ) {
+	var matched = [];
+
+	for ( ; n; n = n.nextSibling ) {
+		if ( n.nodeType === 1 && n !== elem ) {
+			matched.push( n );
+		}
+	}
+
+	return matched;
+};
+
+
+var rneedsContext = jQuery.expr.match.needsContext;
+
+
+
+function nodeName( elem, name ) {
+
+	return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase();
+
+}
+var rsingleTag = ( /^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i );
+
+
+
+// Implement the identical functionality for filter and not
+function winnow( elements, qualifier, not ) {
+	if ( isFunction( qualifier ) ) {
+		return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem, i ) {
+			return !!qualifier.call( elem, i, elem ) !== not;
+		} );
+	}
+
+	// Single element
+	if ( qualifier.nodeType ) {
+		return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) {
+			return ( elem === qualifier ) !== not;
+		} );
+	}
+
+	// Arraylike of elements (jQuery, arguments, Array)
+	if ( typeof qualifier !== "string" ) {
+		return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) {
+			return ( indexOf.call( qualifier, elem ) > -1 ) !== not;
+		} );
+	}
+
+	// Filtered directly for both simple and complex selectors
+	return jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements, not );
+}
+
+jQuery.filter = function( expr, elems, not ) {
+	var elem = elems[ 0 ];
+
+	if ( not ) {
+		expr = ":not(" + expr + ")";
+	}
+
+	if ( elems.length === 1 && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
+		return jQuery.find.matchesSelector( elem, expr ) ? [ elem ] : [];
+	}
+
+	return jQuery.find.matches( expr, jQuery.grep( elems, function( elem ) {
+		return elem.nodeType === 1;
+	} ) );
+};
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+	find: function( selector ) {
+		var i, ret,
+			len = this.length,
+			self = this;
+
+		if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) {
+			return this.pushStack( jQuery( selector ).filter( function() {
+				for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
+					if ( jQuery.contains( self[ i ], this ) ) {
+						return true;
+					}
+				}
+			} ) );
+		}
+
+		ret = this.pushStack( [] );
+
+		for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
+			jQuery.find( selector, self[ i ], ret );
+		}
+
+		return len > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( ret ) : ret;
+	},
+	filter: function( selector ) {
+		return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], false ) );
+	},
+	not: function( selector ) {
+		return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], true ) );
+	},
+	is: function( selector ) {
+		return !!winnow(
+			this,
+
+			// If this is a positional/relative selector, check membership in the returned set
+			// so $("p:first").is("p:last") won't return true for a doc with two "p".
+			typeof selector === "string" && rneedsContext.test( selector ) ?
+				jQuery( selector ) :
+				selector || [],
+			false
+		).length;
+	}
+} );
+
+
+// Initialize a jQuery object
+
+
+// A central reference to the root jQuery(document)
+var rootjQuery,
+
+	// A simple way to check for HTML strings
+	// Prioritize #id over <tag> to avoid XSS via location.hash (#9521)
+	// Strict HTML recognition (#11290: must start with <)
+	// Shortcut simple #id case for speed
+	rquickExpr = /^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]+))$/,
+
+	init = jQuery.fn.init = function( selector, context, root ) {
+		var match, elem;
+
+		// HANDLE: $(""), $(null), $(undefined), $(false)
+		if ( !selector ) {
+			return this;
+		}
+
+		// Method init() accepts an alternate rootjQuery
+		// so migrate can support jQuery.sub (gh-2101)
+		root = root || rootjQuery;
+
+		// Handle HTML strings
+		if ( typeof selector === "string" ) {
+			if ( selector[ 0 ] === "<" &&
+				selector[ selector.length - 1 ] === ">" &&
+				selector.length >= 3 ) {
+
+				// Assume that strings that start and end with <> are HTML and skip the regex check
+				match = [ null, selector, null ];
+
+			} else {
+				match = rquickExpr.exec( selector );
+			}
+
+			// Match html or make sure no context is specified for #id
+			if ( match && ( match[ 1 ] || !context ) ) {
+
+				// HANDLE: $(html) -> $(array)
+				if ( match[ 1 ] ) {
+					context = context instanceof jQuery ? context[ 0 ] : context;
+
+					// Option to run scripts is true for back-compat
+					// Intentionally let the error be thrown if parseHTML is not present
+					jQuery.merge( this, jQuery.parseHTML(
+						match[ 1 ],
+						context && context.nodeType ? context.ownerDocument || context : document,
+						true
+					) );
+
+					// HANDLE: $(html, props)
+					if ( rsingleTag.test( match[ 1 ] ) && jQuery.isPlainObject( context ) ) {
+						for ( match in context ) {
+
+							// Properties of context are called as methods if possible
+							if ( isFunction( this[ match ] ) ) {
+								this[ match ]( context[ match ] );
+
+							// ...and otherwise set as attributes
+							} else {
+								this.attr( match, context[ match ] );
+							}
+						}
+					}
+
+					return this;
+
+				// HANDLE: $(#id)
+				} else {
+					elem = document.getElementById( match[ 2 ] );
+
+					if ( elem ) {
+
+						// Inject the element directly into the jQuery object
+						this[ 0 ] = elem;
+						this.length = 1;
+					}
+					return this;
+				}
+
+			// HANDLE: $(expr, $(...))
+			} else if ( !context || context.jquery ) {
+				return ( context || root ).find( selector );
+
+			// HANDLE: $(expr, context)
+			// (which is just equivalent to: $(context).find(expr)
+			} else {
+				return this.constructor( context ).find( selector );
+			}
+
+		// HANDLE: $(DOMElement)
+		} else if ( selector.nodeType ) {
+			this[ 0 ] = selector;
+			this.length = 1;
+			return this;
+
+		// HANDLE: $(function)
+		// Shortcut for document ready
+		} else if ( isFunction( selector ) ) {
+			return root.ready !== undefined ?
+				root.ready( selector ) :
+
+				// Execute immediately if ready is not present
+				selector( jQuery );
+		}
+
+		return jQuery.makeArray( selector, this );
+	};
+
+// Give the init function the jQuery prototype for later instantiation
+init.prototype = jQuery.fn;
+
+// Initialize central reference
+rootjQuery = jQuery( document );
+
+
+var rparentsprev = /^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/,
+
+	// Methods guaranteed to produce a unique set when starting from a unique set
+	guaranteedUnique = {
+		children: true,
+		contents: true,
+		next: true,
+		prev: true
+	};
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+	has: function( target ) {
+		var targets = jQuery( target, this ),
+			l = targets.length;
+
+		return this.filter( function() {
+			var i = 0;
+			for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
+				if ( jQuery.contains( this, targets[ i ] ) ) {
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+		} );
+	},
+
+	closest: function( selectors, context ) {
+		var cur,
+			i = 0,
+			l = this.length,
+			matched = [],
+			targets = typeof selectors !== "string" && jQuery( selectors );
+
+		// Positional selectors never match, since there's no _selection_ context
+		if ( !rneedsContext.test( selectors ) ) {
+			for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
+				for ( cur = this[ i ]; cur && cur !== context; cur = cur.parentNode ) {
+
+					// Always skip document fragments
+					if ( cur.nodeType < 11 && ( targets ?
+						targets.index( cur ) > -1 :
+
+						// Don't pass non-elements to Sizzle
+						cur.nodeType === 1 &&
+							jQuery.find.matchesSelector( cur, selectors ) ) ) {
+
+						matched.push( cur );
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this.pushStack( matched.length > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ) : matched );
+	},
+
+	// Determine the position of an element within the set
+	index: function( elem ) {
+
+		// No argument, return index in parent
+		if ( !elem ) {
+			return ( this[ 0 ] && this[ 0 ].parentNode ) ? this.first().prevAll().length : -1;
+		}
+
+		// Index in selector
+		if ( typeof elem === "string" ) {
+			return indexOf.call( jQuery( elem ), this[ 0 ] );
+		}
+
+		// Locate the position of the desired element
+		return indexOf.call( this,
+
+			// If it receives a jQuery object, the first element is used
+			elem.jquery ? elem[ 0 ] : elem
+		);
+	},
+
+	add: function( selector, context ) {
+		return this.pushStack(
+			jQuery.uniqueSort(
+				jQuery.merge( this.get(), jQuery( selector, context ) )
+			)
+		);
+	},
+
+	addBack: function( selector ) {
+		return this.add( selector == null ?
+			this.prevObject : this.prevObject.filter( selector )
+		);
+	}
+} );
+
+function sibling( cur, dir ) {
+	while ( ( cur = cur[ dir ] ) && cur.nodeType !== 1 ) {}
+	return cur;
+}
+
+jQuery.each( {
+	parent: function( elem ) {
+		var parent = elem.parentNode;
+		return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null;
+	},
+	parents: function( elem ) {
+		return dir( elem, "parentNode" );
+	},
+	parentsUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) {
+		return dir( elem, "parentNode", until );
+	},
+	next: function( elem ) {
+		return sibling( elem, "nextSibling" );
+	},
+	prev: function( elem ) {
+		return sibling( elem, "previousSibling" );
+	},
+	nextAll: function( elem ) {
+		return dir( elem, "nextSibling" );
+	},
+	prevAll: function( elem ) {
+		return dir( elem, "previousSibling" );
+	},
+	nextUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) {
+		return dir( elem, "nextSibling", until );
+	},
+	prevUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) {
+		return dir( elem, "previousSibling", until );
+	},
+	siblings: function( elem ) {
+		return siblings( ( elem.parentNode || {} ).firstChild, elem );
+	},
+	children: function( elem ) {
+		return siblings( elem.firstChild );
+	},
+	contents: function( elem ) {
+		if ( elem.contentDocument != null &&
+
+			// Support: IE 11+
+			// <object> elements with no `data` attribute has an object
+			// `contentDocument` with a `null` prototype.
+			getProto( elem.contentDocument ) ) {
+
+			return elem.contentDocument;
+		}
+
+		// Support: IE 9 - 11 only, iOS 7 only, Android Browser <=4.3 only
+		// Treat the template element as a regular one in browsers that
+		// don't support it.
+		if ( nodeName( elem, "template" ) ) {
+			elem = elem.content || elem;
+		}
+
+		return jQuery.merge( [], elem.childNodes );
+	}
+}, function( name, fn ) {
+	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( until, selector ) {
+		var matched = jQuery.map( this, fn, until );
+
+		if ( name.slice( -5 ) !== "Until" ) {
+			selector = until;
+		}
+
+		if ( selector && typeof selector === "string" ) {
+			matched = jQuery.filter( selector, matched );
+		}
+
+		if ( this.length > 1 ) {
+
+			// Remove duplicates
+			if ( !guaranteedUnique[ name ] ) {
+				jQuery.uniqueSort( matched );
+			}
+
+			// Reverse order for parents* and prev-derivatives
+			if ( rparentsprev.test( name ) ) {
+				matched.reverse();
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this.pushStack( matched );
+	};
+} );
+var rnothtmlwhite = ( /[^\x20\t\r\n\f]+/g );
+
+
+
+// Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones
+function createOptions( options ) {
+	var object = {};
+	jQuery.each( options.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [], function( _, flag ) {
+		object[ flag ] = true;
+	} );
+	return object;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a callback list using the following parameters:
+ *
+ *	options: an optional list of space-separated options that will change how
+ *			the callback list behaves or a more traditional option object
+ *
+ * By default a callback list will act like an event callback list and can be
+ * "fired" multiple times.
+ *
+ * Possible options:
+ *
+ *	once:			will ensure the callback list can only be fired once (like a Deferred)
+ *
+ *	memory:			will keep track of previous values and will call any callback added
+ *					after the list has been fired right away with the latest "memorized"
+ *					values (like a Deferred)
+ *
+ *	unique:			will ensure a callback can only be added once (no duplicate in the list)
+ *
+ *	stopOnFalse:	interrupt callings when a callback returns false
+ *
+ */
+jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) {
+
+	// Convert options from String-formatted to Object-formatted if needed
+	// (we check in cache first)
+	options = typeof options === "string" ?
+		createOptions( options ) :
+		jQuery.extend( {}, options );
+
+	var // Flag to know if list is currently firing
+		firing,
+
+		// Last fire value for non-forgettable lists
+		memory,
+
+		// Flag to know if list was already fired
+		fired,
+
+		// Flag to prevent firing
+		locked,
+
+		// Actual callback list
+		list = [],
+
+		// Queue of execution data for repeatable lists
+		queue = [],
+
+		// Index of currently firing callback (modified by add/remove as needed)
+		firingIndex = -1,
+
+		// Fire callbacks
+		fire = function() {
+
+			// Enforce single-firing
+			locked = locked || options.once;
+
+			// Execute callbacks for all pending executions,
+			// respecting firingIndex overrides and runtime changes
+			fired = firing = true;
+			for ( ; queue.length; firingIndex = -1 ) {
+				memory = queue.shift();
+				while ( ++firingIndex < list.length ) {
+
+					// Run callback and check for early termination
+					if ( list[ firingIndex ].apply( memory[ 0 ], memory[ 1 ] ) === false &&
+						options.stopOnFalse ) {
+
+						// Jump to end and forget the data so .add doesn't re-fire
+						firingIndex = list.length;
+						memory = false;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Forget the data if we're done with it
+			if ( !options.memory ) {
+				memory = false;
+			}
+
+			firing = false;
+
+			// Clean up if we're done firing for good
+			if ( locked ) {
+
+				// Keep an empty list if we have data for future add calls
+				if ( memory ) {
+					list = [];
+
+				// Otherwise, this object is spent
+				} else {
+					list = "";
+				}
+			}
+		},
+
+		// Actual Callbacks object
+		self = {
+
+			// Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to the list
+			add: function() {
+				if ( list ) {
+
+					// If we have memory from a past run, we should fire after adding
+					if ( memory && !firing ) {
+						firingIndex = list.length - 1;
+						queue.push( memory );
+					}
+
+					( function add( args ) {
+						jQuery.each( args, function( _, arg ) {
+							if ( isFunction( arg ) ) {
+								if ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) {
+									list.push( arg );
+								}
+							} else if ( arg && arg.length && toType( arg ) !== "string" ) {
+
+								// Inspect recursively
+								add( arg );
+							}
+						} );
+					} )( arguments );
+
+					if ( memory && !firing ) {
+						fire();
+					}
+				}
+				return this;
+			},
+
+			// Remove a callback from the list
+			remove: function() {
+				jQuery.each( arguments, function( _, arg ) {
+					var index;
+					while ( ( index = jQuery.inArray( arg, list, index ) ) > -1 ) {
+						list.splice( index, 1 );
+
+						// Handle firing indexes
+						if ( index <= firingIndex ) {
+							firingIndex--;
+						}
+					}
+				} );
+				return this;
+			},
+
+			// Check if a given callback is in the list.
+			// If no argument is given, return whether or not list has callbacks attached.
+			has: function( fn ) {
+				return fn ?
+					jQuery.inArray( fn, list ) > -1 :
+					list.length > 0;
+			},
+
+			// Remove all callbacks from the list
+			empty: function() {
+				if ( list ) {
+					list = [];
+				}
+				return this;
+			},
+
+			// Disable .fire and .add
+			// Abort any current/pending executions
+			// Clear all callbacks and values
+			disable: function() {
+				locked = queue = [];
+				list = memory = "";
+				return this;
+			},
+			disabled: function() {
+				return !list;
+			},
+
+			// Disable .fire
+			// Also disable .add unless we have memory (since it would have no effect)
+			// Abort any pending executions
+			lock: function() {
+				locked = queue = [];
+				if ( !memory && !firing ) {
+					list = memory = "";
+				}
+				return this;
+			},
+			locked: function() {
+				return !!locked;
+			},
+
+			// Call all callbacks with the given context and arguments
+			fireWith: function( context, args ) {
+				if ( !locked ) {
+					args = args || [];
+					args = [ context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args ];
+					queue.push( args );
+					if ( !firing ) {
+						fire();
+					}
+				}
+				return this;
+			},
+
+			// Call all the callbacks with the given arguments
+			fire: function() {
+				self.fireWith( this, arguments );
+				return this;
+			},
+
+			// To know if the callbacks have already been called at least once
+			fired: function() {
+				return !!fired;
+			}
+		};
+
+	return self;
+};
+
+
+function Identity( v ) {
+	return v;
+}
+function Thrower( ex ) {
+	throw ex;
+}
+
+function adoptValue( value, resolve, reject, noValue ) {
+	var method;
+
+	try {
+
+		// Check for promise aspect first to privilege synchronous behavior
+		if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.promise ) ) ) {
+			method.call( value ).done( resolve ).fail( reject );
+
+		// Other thenables
+		} else if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.then ) ) ) {
+			method.call( value, resolve, reject );
+
+		// Other non-thenables
+		} else {
+
+			// Control `resolve` arguments by letting Array#slice cast boolean `noValue` to integer:
+			// * false: [ value ].slice( 0 ) => resolve( value )
+			// * true: [ value ].slice( 1 ) => resolve()
+			resolve.apply( undefined, [ value ].slice( noValue ) );
+		}
+
+	// For Promises/A+, convert exceptions into rejections
+	// Since jQuery.when doesn't unwrap thenables, we can skip the extra checks appearing in
+	// Deferred#then to conditionally suppress rejection.
+	} catch ( value ) {
+
+		// Support: Android 4.0 only
+		// Strict mode functions invoked without .call/.apply get global-object context
+		reject.apply( undefined, [ value ] );
+	}
+}
+
+jQuery.extend( {
+
+	Deferred: function( func ) {
+		var tuples = [
+
+				// action, add listener, callbacks,
+				// ... .then handlers, argument index, [final state]
+				[ "notify", "progress", jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ),
+					jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), 2 ],
+				[ "resolve", "done", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ),
+					jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 0, "resolved" ],
+				[ "reject", "fail", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ),
+					jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 1, "rejected" ]
+			],
+			state = "pending",
+			promise = {
+				state: function() {
+					return state;
+				},
+				always: function() {
+					deferred.done( arguments ).fail( arguments );
+					return this;
+				},
+				"catch": function( fn ) {
+					return promise.then( null, fn );
+				},
+
+				// Keep pipe for back-compat
+				pipe: function( /* fnDone, fnFail, fnProgress */ ) {
+					var fns = arguments;
+
+					return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) {
+						jQuery.each( tuples, function( _i, tuple ) {
+
+							// Map tuples (progress, done, fail) to arguments (done, fail, progress)
+							var fn = isFunction( fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ] ) && fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ];
+
+							// deferred.progress(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.notify })
+							// deferred.done(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.resolve })
+							// deferred.fail(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.reject })
+							deferred[ tuple[ 1 ] ]( function() {
+								var returned = fn && fn.apply( this, arguments );
+								if ( returned && isFunction( returned.promise ) ) {
+									returned.promise()
+										.progress( newDefer.notify )
+										.done( newDefer.resolve )
+										.fail( newDefer.reject );
+								} else {
+									newDefer[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ](
+										this,
+										fn ? [ returned ] : arguments
+									);
+								}
+							} );
+						} );
+						fns = null;
+					} ).promise();
+				},
+				then: function( onFulfilled, onRejected, onProgress ) {
+					var maxDepth = 0;
+					function resolve( depth, deferred, handler, special ) {
+						return function() {
+							var that = this,
+								args = arguments,
+								mightThrow = function() {
+									var returned, then;
+
+									// Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.3
+									// https://promisesaplus.com/#point-59
+									// Ignore double-resolution attempts
+									if ( depth < maxDepth ) {
+										return;
+									}
+
+									returned = handler.apply( that, args );
+
+									// Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.1
+									// https://promisesaplus.com/#point-48
+									if ( returned === deferred.promise() ) {
+										throw new TypeError( "Thenable self-resolution" );
+									}
+
+									// Support: Promises/A+ sections 2.3.3.1, 3.5
+									// https://promisesaplus.com/#point-54
+									// https://promisesaplus.com/#point-75
+									// Retrieve `then` only once
+									then = returned &&
+
+										// Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.4
+										// https://promisesaplus.com/#point-64
+										// Only check objects and functions for thenability
+										( typeof returned === "object" ||
+											typeof returned === "function" ) &&
+										returned.then;
+
+									// Handle a returned thenable
+									if ( isFunction( then ) ) {
+
+										// Special processors (notify) just wait for resolution
+										if ( special ) {
+											then.call(
+												returned,
+												resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ),
+												resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special )
+											);
+
+										// Normal processors (resolve) also hook into progress
+										} else {
+
+											// ...and disregard older resolution values
+											maxDepth++;
+
+											then.call(
+												returned,
+												resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ),
+												resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ),
+												resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity,
+													deferred.notifyWith )
+											);
+										}
+
+									// Handle all other returned values
+									} else {
+
+										// Only substitute handlers pass on context
+										// and multiple values (non-spec behavior)
+										if ( handler !== Identity ) {
+											that = undefined;
+											args = [ returned ];
+										}
+
+										// Process the value(s)
+										// Default process is resolve
+										( special || deferred.resolveWith )( that, args );
+									}
+								},
+
+								// Only normal processors (resolve) catch and reject exceptions
+								process = special ?
+									mightThrow :
+									function() {
+										try {
+											mightThrow();
+										} catch ( e ) {
+
+											if ( jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook ) {
+												jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook( e,
+													process.stackTrace );
+											}
+
+											// Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.4.1
+											// https://promisesaplus.com/#point-61
+											// Ignore post-resolution exceptions
+											if ( depth + 1 >= maxDepth ) {
+
+												// Only substitute handlers pass on context
+												// and multiple values (non-spec behavior)
+												if ( handler !== Thrower ) {
+													that = undefined;
+													args = [ e ];
+												}
+
+												deferred.rejectWith( that, args );
+											}
+										}
+									};
+
+							// Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.1
+							// https://promisesaplus.com/#point-57
+							// Re-resolve promises immediately to dodge false rejection from
+							// subsequent errors
+							if ( depth ) {
+								process();
+							} else {
+
+								// Call an optional hook to record the stack, in case of exception
+								// since it's otherwise lost when execution goes async
+								if ( jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook ) {
+									process.stackTrace = jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook();
+								}
+								window.setTimeout( process );
+							}
+						};
+					}
+
+					return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) {
+
+						// progress_handlers.add( ... )
+						tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].add(
+							resolve(
+								0,
+								newDefer,
+								isFunction( onProgress ) ?
+									onProgress :
+									Identity,
+								newDefer.notifyWith
+							)
+						);
+
+						// fulfilled_handlers.add( ... )
+						tuples[ 1 ][ 3 ].add(
+							resolve(
+								0,
+								newDefer,
+								isFunction( onFulfilled ) ?
+									onFulfilled :
+									Identity
+							)
+						);
+
+						// rejected_handlers.add( ... )
+						tuples[ 2 ][ 3 ].add(
+							resolve(
+								0,
+								newDefer,
+								isFunction( onRejected ) ?
+									onRejected :
+									Thrower
+							)
+						);
+					} ).promise();
+				},
+
+				// Get a promise for this deferred
+				// If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object
+				promise: function( obj ) {
+					return obj != null ? jQuery.extend( obj, promise ) : promise;
+				}
+			},
+			deferred = {};
+
+		// Add list-specific methods
+		jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) {
+			var list = tuple[ 2 ],
+				stateString = tuple[ 5 ];
+
+			// promise.progress = list.add
+			// promise.done = list.add
+			// promise.fail = list.add
+			promise[ tuple[ 1 ] ] = list.add;
+
+			// Handle state
+			if ( stateString ) {
+				list.add(
+					function() {
+
+						// state = "resolved" (i.e., fulfilled)
+						// state = "rejected"
+						state = stateString;
+					},
+
+					// rejected_callbacks.disable
+					// fulfilled_callbacks.disable
+					tuples[ 3 - i ][ 2 ].disable,
+
+					// rejected_handlers.disable
+					// fulfilled_handlers.disable
+					tuples[ 3 - i ][ 3 ].disable,
+
+					// progress_callbacks.lock
+					tuples[ 0 ][ 2 ].lock,
+
+					// progress_handlers.lock
+					tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].lock
+				);
+			}
+
+			// progress_handlers.fire
+			// fulfilled_handlers.fire
+			// rejected_handlers.fire
+			list.add( tuple[ 3 ].fire );
+
+			// deferred.notify = function() { deferred.notifyWith(...) }
+			// deferred.resolve = function() { deferred.resolveWith(...) }
+			// deferred.reject = function() { deferred.rejectWith(...) }
+			deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] ] = function() {
+				deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( this === deferred ? undefined : this, arguments );
+				return this;
+			};
+
+			// deferred.notifyWith = list.fireWith
+			// deferred.resolveWith = list.fireWith
+			// deferred.rejectWith = list.fireWith
+			deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ] = list.fireWith;
+		} );
+
+		// Make the deferred a promise
+		promise.promise( deferred );
+
+		// Call given func if any
+		if ( func ) {
+			func.call( deferred, deferred );
+		}
+
+		// All done!
+		return deferred;
+	},
+
+	// Deferred helper
+	when: function( singleValue ) {
+		var
+
+			// count of uncompleted subordinates
+			remaining = arguments.length,
+
+			// count of unprocessed arguments
+			i = remaining,
+
+			// subordinate fulfillment data
+			resolveContexts = Array( i ),
+			resolveValues = slice.call( arguments ),
+
+			// the primary Deferred
+			primary = jQuery.Deferred(),
+
+			// subordinate callback factory
+			updateFunc = function( i ) {
+				return function( value ) {
+					resolveContexts[ i ] = this;
+					resolveValues[ i ] = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call( arguments ) : value;
+					if ( !( --remaining ) ) {
+						primary.resolveWith( resolveContexts, resolveValues );
+					}
+				};
+			};
+
+		// Single- and empty arguments are adopted like Promise.resolve
+		if ( remaining <= 1 ) {
+			adoptValue( singleValue, primary.done( updateFunc( i ) ).resolve, primary.reject,
+				!remaining );
+
+			// Use .then() to unwrap secondary thenables (cf. gh-3000)
+			if ( primary.state() === "pending" ||
+				isFunction( resolveValues[ i ] && resolveValues[ i ].then ) ) {
+
+				return primary.then();
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Multiple arguments are aggregated like Promise.all array elements
+		while ( i-- ) {
+			adoptValue( resolveValues[ i ], updateFunc( i ), primary.reject );
+		}
+
+		return primary.promise();
+	}
+} );
+
+
+// These usually indicate a programmer mistake during development,
+// warn about them ASAP rather than swallowing them by default.
+var rerrorNames = /^(Eval|Internal|Range|Reference|Syntax|Type|URI)Error$/;
+
+jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook = function( error, stack ) {
+
+	// Support: IE 8 - 9 only
+	// Console exists when dev tools are open, which can happen at any time
+	if ( window.console && window.console.warn && error && rerrorNames.test( error.name ) ) {
+		window.console.warn( "jQuery.Deferred exception: " + error.message, error.stack, stack );
+	}
+};
+
+
+
+
+jQuery.readyException = function( error ) {
+	window.setTimeout( function() {
+		throw error;
+	} );
+};
+
+
+
+
+// The deferred used on DOM ready
+var readyList = jQuery.Deferred();
+
+jQuery.fn.ready = function( fn ) {
+
+	readyList
+		.then( fn )
+
+		// Wrap jQuery.readyException in a function so that the lookup
+		// happens at the time of error handling instead of callback
+		// registration.
+		.catch( function( error ) {
+			jQuery.readyException( error );
+		} );
+
+	return this;
+};
+
+jQuery.extend( {
+
+	// Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs.
+	isReady: false,
+
+	// A counter to track how many items to wait for before
+	// the ready event fires. See #6781
+	readyWait: 1,
+
+	// Handle when the DOM is ready
+	ready: function( wait ) {
+
+		// Abort if there are pending holds or we're already ready
+		if ( wait === true ? --jQuery.readyWait : jQuery.isReady ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Remember that the DOM is ready
+		jQuery.isReady = true;
+
+		// If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be
+		if ( wait !== true && --jQuery.readyWait > 0 ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// If there are functions bound, to execute
+		readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] );
+	}
+} );
+
+jQuery.ready.then = readyList.then;
+
+// The ready event handler and self cleanup method
+function completed() {
+	document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed );
+	window.removeEventListener( "load", completed );
+	jQuery.ready();
+}
+
+// Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called
+// after the browser event has already occurred.
+// Support: IE <=9 - 10 only
+// Older IE sometimes signals "interactive" too soon
+if ( document.readyState === "complete" ||
+	( document.readyState !== "loading" && !document.documentElement.doScroll ) ) {
+
+	// Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready
+	window.setTimeout( jQuery.ready );
+
+} else {
+
+	// Use the handy event callback
+	document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed );
+
+	// A fallback to window.onload, that will always work
+	window.addEventListener( "load", completed );
+}
+
+
+
+
+// Multifunctional method to get and set values of a collection
+// The value/s can optionally be executed if it's a function
+var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) {
+	var i = 0,
+		len = elems.length,
+		bulk = key == null;
+
+	// Sets many values
+	if ( toType( key ) === "object" ) {
+		chainable = true;
+		for ( i in key ) {
+			access( elems, fn, i, key[ i ], true, emptyGet, raw );
+		}
+
+	// Sets one value
+	} else if ( value !== undefined ) {
+		chainable = true;
+
+		if ( !isFunction( value ) ) {
+			raw = true;
+		}
+
+		if ( bulk ) {
+
+			// Bulk operations run against the entire set
+			if ( raw ) {
+				fn.call( elems, value );
+				fn = null;
+
+			// ...except when executing function values
+			} else {
+				bulk = fn;
+				fn = function( elem, _key, value ) {
+					return bulk.call( jQuery( elem ), value );
+				};
+			}
+		}
+
+		if ( fn ) {
+			for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
+				fn(
+					elems[ i ], key, raw ?
+						value :
+						value.call( elems[ i ], i, fn( elems[ i ], key ) )
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( chainable ) {
+		return elems;
+	}
+
+	// Gets
+	if ( bulk ) {
+		return fn.call( elems );
+	}
+
+	return len ? fn( elems[ 0 ], key ) : emptyGet;
+};
+
+
+// Matches dashed string for camelizing
+var rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/,
+	rdashAlpha = /-([a-z])/g;
+
+// Used by camelCase as callback to replace()
+function fcamelCase( _all, letter ) {
+	return letter.toUpperCase();
+}
+
+// Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules
+// Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15
+// Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572)
+function camelCase( string ) {
+	return string.replace( rmsPrefix, "ms-" ).replace( rdashAlpha, fcamelCase );
+}
+var acceptData = function( owner ) {
+
+	// Accepts only:
+	//  - Node
+	//    - Node.ELEMENT_NODE
+	//    - Node.DOCUMENT_NODE
+	//  - Object
+	//    - Any
+	return owner.nodeType === 1 || owner.nodeType === 9 || !( +owner.nodeType );
+};
+
+
+
+
+function Data() {
+	this.expando = jQuery.expando + Data.uid++;
+}
+
+Data.uid = 1;
+
+Data.prototype = {
+
+	cache: function( owner ) {
+
+		// Check if the owner object already has a cache
+		var value = owner[ this.expando ];
+
+		// If not, create one
+		if ( !value ) {
+			value = {};
+
+			// We can accept data for non-element nodes in modern browsers,
+			// but we should not, see #8335.
+			// Always return an empty object.
+			if ( acceptData( owner ) ) {
+
+				// If it is a node unlikely to be stringify-ed or looped over
+				// use plain assignment
+				if ( owner.nodeType ) {
+					owner[ this.expando ] = value;
+
+				// Otherwise secure it in a non-enumerable property
+				// configurable must be true to allow the property to be
+				// deleted when data is removed
+				} else {
+					Object.defineProperty( owner, this.expando, {
+						value: value,
+						configurable: true
+					} );
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return value;
+	},
+	set: function( owner, data, value ) {
+		var prop,
+			cache = this.cache( owner );
+
+		// Handle: [ owner, key, value ] args
+		// Always use camelCase key (gh-2257)
+		if ( typeof data === "string" ) {
+			cache[ camelCase( data ) ] = value;
+
+		// Handle: [ owner, { properties } ] args
+		} else {
+
+			// Copy the properties one-by-one to the cache object
+			for ( prop in data ) {
+				cache[ camelCase( prop ) ] = data[ prop ];
+			}
+		}
+		return cache;
+	},
+	get: function( owner, key ) {
+		return key === undefined ?
+			this.cache( owner ) :
+
+			// Always use camelCase key (gh-2257)
+			owner[ this.expando ] && owner[ this.expando ][ camelCase( key ) ];
+	},
+	access: function( owner, key, value ) {
+
+		// In cases where either:
+		//
+		//   1. No key was specified
+		//   2. A string key was specified, but no value provided
+		//
+		// Take the "read" path and allow the get method to determine
+		// which value to return, respectively either:
+		//
+		//   1. The entire cache object
+		//   2. The data stored at the key
+		//
+		if ( key === undefined ||
+				( ( key && typeof key === "string" ) && value === undefined ) ) {
+
+			return this.get( owner, key );
+		}
+
+		// When the key is not a string, or both a key and value
+		// are specified, set or extend (existing objects) with either:
+		//
+		//   1. An object of properties
+		//   2. A key and value
+		//
+		this.set( owner, key, value );
+
+		// Since the "set" path can have two possible entry points
+		// return the expected data based on which path was taken[*]
+		return value !== undefined ? value : key;
+	},
+	remove: function( owner, key ) {
+		var i,
+			cache = owner[ this.expando ];
+
+		if ( cache === undefined ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if ( key !== undefined ) {
+
+			// Support array or space separated string of keys
+			if ( Array.isArray( key ) ) {
+
+				// If key is an array of keys...
+				// We always set camelCase keys, so remove that.
+				key = key.map( camelCase );
+			} else {
+				key = camelCase( key );
+
+				// If a key with the spaces exists, use it.
+				// Otherwise, create an array by matching non-whitespace
+				key = key in cache ?
+					[ key ] :
+					( key.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [] );
+			}
+
+			i = key.length;
+
+			while ( i-- ) {
+				delete cache[ key[ i ] ];
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Remove the expando if there's no more data
+		if ( key === undefined || jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ) ) {
+
+			// Support: Chrome <=35 - 45
+			// Webkit & Blink performance suffers when deleting properties
+			// from DOM nodes, so set to undefined instead
+			// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=378607 (bug restricted)
+			if ( owner.nodeType ) {
+				owner[ this.expando ] = undefined;
+			} else {
+				delete owner[ this.expando ];
+			}
+		}
+	},
+	hasData: function( owner ) {
+		var cache = owner[ this.expando ];
+		return cache !== undefined && !jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache );
+	}
+};
+var dataPriv = new Data();
+
+var dataUser = new Data();
+
+
+
+//	Implementation Summary
+//
+//	1. Enforce API surface and semantic compatibility with 1.9.x branch
+//	2. Improve the module's maintainability by reducing the storage
+//		paths to a single mechanism.
+//	3. Use the same single mechanism to support "private" and "user" data.
+//	4. _Never_ expose "private" data to user code (TODO: Drop _data, _removeData)
+//	5. Avoid exposing implementation details on user objects (eg. expando properties)
+//	6. Provide a clear path for implementation upgrade to WeakMap in 2014
+
+var rbrace = /^(?:\{[\w\W]*\}|\[[\w\W]*\])$/,
+	rmultiDash = /[A-Z]/g;
+
+function getData( data ) {
+	if ( data === "true" ) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if ( data === "false" ) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if ( data === "null" ) {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	// Only convert to a number if it doesn't change the string
+	if ( data === +data + "" ) {
+		return +data;
+	}
+
+	if ( rbrace.test( data ) ) {
+		return JSON.parse( data );
+	}
+
+	return data;
+}
+
+function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) {
+	var name;
+
+	// If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any
+	// data from the HTML5 data-* attribute
+	if ( data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
+		name = "data-" + key.replace( rmultiDash, "-$&" ).toLowerCase();
+		data = elem.getAttribute( name );
+
+		if ( typeof data === "string" ) {
+			try {
+				data = getData( data );
+			} catch ( e ) {}
+
+			// Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later
+			dataUser.set( elem, key, data );
+		} else {
+			data = undefined;
+		}
+	}
+	return data;
+}
+
+jQuery.extend( {
+	hasData: function( elem ) {
+		return dataUser.hasData( elem ) || dataPriv.hasData( elem );
+	},
+
+	data: function( elem, name, data ) {
+		return dataUser.access( elem, name, data );
+	},
+
+	removeData: function( elem, name ) {
+		dataUser.remove( elem, name );
+	},
+
+	// TODO: Now that all calls to _data and _removeData have been replaced
+	// with direct calls to dataPriv methods, these can be deprecated.
+	_data: function( elem, name, data ) {
+		return dataPriv.access( elem, name, data );
+	},
+
+	_removeData: function( elem, name ) {
+		dataPriv.remove( elem, name );
+	}
+} );
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+	data: function( key, value ) {
+		var i, name, data,
+			elem = this[ 0 ],
+			attrs = elem && elem.attributes;
+
+		// Gets all values
+		if ( key === undefined ) {
+			if ( this.length ) {
+				data = dataUser.get( elem );
+
+				if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && !dataPriv.get( elem, "hasDataAttrs" ) ) {
+					i = attrs.length;
+					while ( i-- ) {
+
+						// Support: IE 11 only
+						// The attrs elements can be null (#14894)
+						if ( attrs[ i ] ) {
+							name = attrs[ i ].name;
+							if ( name.indexOf( "data-" ) === 0 ) {
+								name = camelCase( name.slice( 5 ) );
+								dataAttr( elem, name, data[ name ] );
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					dataPriv.set( elem, "hasDataAttrs", true );
+				}
+			}
+
+			return data;
+		}
+
+		// Sets multiple values
+		if ( typeof key === "object" ) {
+			return this.each( function() {
+				dataUser.set( this, key );
+			} );
+		}
+
+		return access( this, function( value ) {
+			var data;
+
+			// The calling jQuery object (element matches) is not empty
+			// (and therefore has an element appears at this[ 0 ]) and the
+			// `value` parameter was not undefined. An empty jQuery object
+			// will result in `undefined` for elem = this[ 0 ] which will
+			// throw an exception if an attempt to read a data cache is made.
+			if ( elem && value === undefined ) {
+
+				// Attempt to get data from the cache
+				// The key will always be camelCased in Data
+				data = dataUser.get( elem, key );
+				if ( data !== undefined ) {
+					return data;
+				}
+
+				// Attempt to "discover" the data in
+				// HTML5 custom data-* attrs
+				data = dataAttr( elem, key );
+				if ( data !== undefined ) {
+					return data;
+				}
+
+				// We tried really hard, but the data doesn't exist.
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// Set the data...
+			this.each( function() {
+
+				// We always store the camelCased key
+				dataUser.set( this, key, value );
+			} );
+		}, null, value, arguments.length > 1, null, true );
+	},
+
+	removeData: function( key ) {
+		return this.each( function() {
+			dataUser.remove( this, key );
+		} );
+	}
+} );
+
+
+jQuery.extend( {
+	queue: function( elem, type, data ) {
+		var queue;
+
+		if ( elem ) {
+			type = ( type || "fx" ) + "queue";
+			queue = dataPriv.get( elem, type );
+
+			// Speed up dequeue by getting out quickly if this is just a lookup
+			if ( data ) {
+				if ( !queue || Array.isArray( data ) ) {
+					queue = dataPriv.access( elem, type, jQuery.makeArray( data ) );
+				} else {
+					queue.push( data );
+				}
+			}
+			return queue || [];
+		}
+	},
+
+	dequeue: function( elem, type ) {
+		type = type || "fx";
+
+		var queue = jQuery.queue( elem, type ),
+			startLength = queue.length,
+			fn = queue.shift(),
+			hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, type ),
+			next = function() {
+				jQuery.dequeue( elem, type );
+			};
+
+		// If the fx queue is dequeued, always remove the progress sentinel
+		if ( fn === "inprogress" ) {
+			fn = queue.shift();
+			startLength--;
+		}
+
+		if ( fn ) {
+
+			// Add a progress sentinel to prevent the fx queue from being
+			// automatically dequeued
+			if ( type === "fx" ) {
+				queue.unshift( "inprogress" );
+			}
+
+			// Clear up the last queue stop function
+			delete hooks.stop;
+			fn.call( elem, next, hooks );
+		}
+
+		if ( !startLength && hooks ) {
+			hooks.empty.fire();
+		}
+	},
+
+	// Not public - generate a queueHooks object, or return the current one
+	_queueHooks: function( elem, type ) {
+		var key = type + "queueHooks";
+		return dataPriv.get( elem, key ) || dataPriv.access( elem, key, {
+			empty: jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ).add( function() {
+				dataPriv.remove( elem, [ type + "queue", key ] );
+			} )
+		} );
+	}
+} );
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+	queue: function( type, data ) {
+		var setter = 2;
+
+		if ( typeof type !== "string" ) {
+			data = type;
+			type = "fx";
+			setter--;
+		}
+
+		if ( arguments.length < setter ) {
+			return jQuery.queue( this[ 0 ], type );
+		}
+
+		return data === undefined ?
+			this :
+			this.each( function() {
+				var queue = jQuery.queue( this, type, data );
+
+				// Ensure a hooks for this queue
+				jQuery._queueHooks( this, type );
+
+				if ( type === "fx" && queue[ 0 ] !== "inprogress" ) {
+					jQuery.dequeue( this, type );
+				}
+			} );
+	},
+	dequeue: function( type ) {
+		return this.each( function() {
+			jQuery.dequeue( this, type );
+		} );
+	},
+	clearQueue: function( type ) {
+		return this.queue( type || "fx", [] );
+	},
+
+	// Get a promise resolved when queues of a certain type
+	// are emptied (fx is the type by default)
+	promise: function( type, obj ) {
+		var tmp,
+			count = 1,
+			defer = jQuery.Deferred(),
+			elements = this,
+			i = this.length,
+			resolve = function() {
+				if ( !( --count ) ) {
+					defer.resolveWith( elements, [ elements ] );
+				}
+			};
+
+		if ( typeof type !== "string" ) {
+			obj = type;
+			type = undefined;
+		}
+		type = type || "fx";
+
+		while ( i-- ) {
+			tmp = dataPriv.get( elements[ i ], type + "queueHooks" );
+			if ( tmp && tmp.empty ) {
+				count++;
+				tmp.empty.add( resolve );
+			}
+		}
+		resolve();
+		return defer.promise( obj );
+	}
+} );
+var pnum = ( /[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/ ).source;
+
+var rcssNum = new RegExp( "^(?:([+-])=|)(" + pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i" );
+
+
+var cssExpand = [ "Top", "Right", "Bottom", "Left" ];
+
+var documentElement = document.documentElement;
+
+
+
+	var isAttached = function( elem ) {
+			return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem );
+		},
+		composed = { composed: true };
+
+	// Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, iOS 10.0 - 10.2 only
+	// Check attachment across shadow DOM boundaries when possible (gh-3504)
+	// Support: iOS 10.0-10.2 only
+	// Early iOS 10 versions support `attachShadow` but not `getRootNode`,
+	// leading to errors. We need to check for `getRootNode`.
+	if ( documentElement.getRootNode ) {
+		isAttached = function( elem ) {
+			return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) ||
+				elem.getRootNode( composed ) === elem.ownerDocument;
+		};
+	}
+var isHiddenWithinTree = function( elem, el ) {
+
+		// isHiddenWithinTree might be called from jQuery#filter function;
+		// in that case, element will be second argument
+		elem = el || elem;
+
+		// Inline style trumps all
+		return elem.style.display === "none" ||
+			elem.style.display === "" &&
+
+			// Otherwise, check computed style
+			// Support: Firefox <=43 - 45
+			// Disconnected elements can have computed display: none, so first confirm that elem is
+			// in the document.
+			isAttached( elem ) &&
+
+			jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) === "none";
+	};
+
+
+
+function adjustCSS( elem, prop, valueParts, tween ) {
+	var adjusted, scale,
+		maxIterations = 20,
+		currentValue = tween ?
+			function() {
+				return tween.cur();
+			} :
+			function() {
+				return jQuery.css( elem, prop, "" );
+			},
+		initial = currentValue(),
+		unit = valueParts && valueParts[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ),
+
+		// Starting value computation is required for potential unit mismatches
+		initialInUnit = elem.nodeType &&
+			( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] || unit !== "px" && +initial ) &&
+			rcssNum.exec( jQuery.css( elem, prop ) );
+
+	if ( initialInUnit && initialInUnit[ 3 ] !== unit ) {
+
+		// Support: Firefox <=54
+		// Halve the iteration target value to prevent interference from CSS upper bounds (gh-2144)
+		initial = initial / 2;
+
+		// Trust units reported by jQuery.css
+		unit = unit || initialInUnit[ 3 ];
+
+		// Iteratively approximate from a nonzero starting point
+		initialInUnit = +initial || 1;
+
+		while ( maxIterations-- ) {
+
+			// Evaluate and update our best guess (doubling guesses that zero out).
+			// Finish if the scale equals or crosses 1 (making the old*new product non-positive).
+			jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit );
+			if ( ( 1 - scale ) * ( 1 - ( scale = currentValue() / initial || 0.5 ) ) <= 0 ) {
+				maxIterations = 0;
+			}
+			initialInUnit = initialInUnit / scale;
+
+		}
+
+		initialInUnit = initialInUnit * 2;
+		jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit );
+
+		// Make sure we update the tween properties later on
+		valueParts = valueParts || [];
+	}
+
+	if ( valueParts ) {
+		initialInUnit = +initialInUnit || +initial || 0;
+
+		// Apply relative offset (+=/-=) if specified
+		adjusted = valueParts[ 1 ] ?
+			initialInUnit + ( valueParts[ 1 ] + 1 ) * valueParts[ 2 ] :
+			+valueParts[ 2 ];
+		if ( tween ) {
+			tween.unit = unit;
+			tween.start = initialInUnit;
+			tween.end = adjusted;
+		}
+	}
+	return adjusted;
+}
+
+
+var defaultDisplayMap = {};
+
+function getDefaultDisplay( elem ) {
+	var temp,
+		doc = elem.ownerDocument,
+		nodeName = elem.nodeName,
+		display = defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ];
+
+	if ( display ) {
+		return display;
+	}
+
+	temp = doc.body.appendChild( doc.createElement( nodeName ) );
+	display = jQuery.css( temp, "display" );
+
+	temp.parentNode.removeChild( temp );
+
+	if ( display === "none" ) {
+		display = "block";
+	}
+	defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ] = display;
+
+	return display;
+}
+
+function showHide( elements, show ) {
+	var display, elem,
+		values = [],
+		index = 0,
+		length = elements.length;
+
+	// Determine new display value for elements that need to change
+	for ( ; index < length; index++ ) {
+		elem = elements[ index ];
+		if ( !elem.style ) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		display = elem.style.display;
+		if ( show ) {
+
+			// Since we force visibility upon cascade-hidden elements, an immediate (and slow)
+			// check is required in this first loop unless we have a nonempty display value (either
+			// inline or about-to-be-restored)
+			if ( display === "none" ) {
+				values[ index ] = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ) || null;
+				if ( !values[ index ] ) {
+					elem.style.display = "";
+				}
+			}
+			if ( elem.style.display === "" && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ) ) {
+				values[ index ] = getDefaultDisplay( elem );
+			}
+		} else {
+			if ( display !== "none" ) {
+				values[ index ] = "none";
+
+				// Remember what we're overwriting
+				dataPriv.set( elem, "display", display );
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Set the display of the elements in a second loop to avoid constant reflow
+	for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) {
+		if ( values[ index ] != null ) {
+			elements[ index ].style.display = values[ index ];
+		}
+	}
+
+	return elements;
+}
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+	show: function() {
+		return showHide( this, true );
+	},
+	hide: function() {
+		return showHide( this );
+	},
+	toggle: function( state ) {
+		if ( typeof state === "boolean" ) {
+			return state ? this.show() : this.hide();
+		}
+
+		return this.each( function() {
+			if ( isHiddenWithinTree( this ) ) {
+				jQuery( this ).show();
+			} else {
+				jQuery( this ).hide();
+			}
+		} );
+	}
+} );
+var rcheckableType = ( /^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i );
+
+var rtagName = ( /<([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]*)/i );
+
+var rscriptType = ( /^$|^module$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i );
+
+
+
+( function() {
+	var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(),
+		div = fragment.appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ),
+		input = document.createElement( "input" );
+
+	// Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only
+	// Check state lost if the name is set (#11217)
+	// Support: Windows Web Apps (WWA)
+	// `name` and `type` must use .setAttribute for WWA (#14901)
+	input.setAttribute( "type", "radio" );
+	input.setAttribute( "checked", "checked" );
+	input.setAttribute( "name", "t" );
+
+	div.appendChild( input );
+
+	// Support: Android <=4.1 only
+	// Older WebKit doesn't clone checked state correctly in fragments
+	support.checkClone = div.cloneNode( true ).cloneNode( true ).lastChild.checked;
+
+	// Support: IE <=11 only
+	// Make sure textarea (and checkbox) defaultValue is properly cloned
+	div.innerHTML = "<textarea>x</textarea>";
+	support.noCloneChecked = !!div.cloneNode( true ).lastChild.defaultValue;
+
+	// Support: IE <=9 only
+	// IE <=9 replaces <option> tags with their contents when inserted outside of
+	// the select element.
+	div.innerHTML = "<option></option>";
+	support.option = !!div.lastChild;
+} )();
+
+
+// We have to close these tags to support XHTML (#13200)
+var wrapMap = {
+
+	// XHTML parsers do not magically insert elements in the
+	// same way that tag soup parsers do. So we cannot shorten
+	// this by omitting <tbody> or other required elements.
+	thead: [ 1, "<table>", "</table>" ],
+	col: [ 2, "<table><colgroup>", "</colgroup></table>" ],
+	tr: [ 2, "<table><tbody>", "</tbody></table>" ],
+	td: [ 3, "<table><tbody><tr>", "</tr></tbody></table>" ],
+
+	_default: [ 0, "", "" ]
+};
+
+wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead;
+wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td;
+
+// Support: IE <=9 only
+if ( !support.option ) {
+	wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option = [ 1, "<select multiple='multiple'>", "</select>" ];
+}
+
+
+function getAll( context, tag ) {
+
+	// Support: IE <=9 - 11 only
+	// Use typeof to avoid zero-argument method invocation on host objects (#15151)
+	var ret;
+
+	if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) {
+		ret = context.getElementsByTagName( tag || "*" );
+
+	} else if ( typeof context.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" ) {
+		ret = context.querySelectorAll( tag || "*" );
+
+	} else {
+		ret = [];
+	}
+
+	if ( tag === undefined || tag && nodeName( context, tag ) ) {
+		return jQuery.merge( [ context ], ret );
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+// Mark scripts as having already been evaluated
+function setGlobalEval( elems, refElements ) {
+	var i = 0,
+		l = elems.length;
+
+	for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
+		dataPriv.set(
+			elems[ i ],
+			"globalEval",
+			!refElements || dataPriv.get( refElements[ i ], "globalEval" )
+		);
+	}
+}
+
+
+var rhtml = /<|&#?\w+;/;
+
+function buildFragment( elems, context, scripts, selection, ignored ) {
+	var elem, tmp, tag, wrap, attached, j,
+		fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(),
+		nodes = [],
+		i = 0,
+		l = elems.length;
+
+	for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
+		elem = elems[ i ];
+
+		if ( elem || elem === 0 ) {
+
+			// Add nodes directly
+			if ( toType( elem ) === "object" ) {
+
+				// Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only
+				// push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit
+				jQuery.merge( nodes, elem.nodeType ? [ elem ] : elem );
+
+			// Convert non-html into a text node
+			} else if ( !rhtml.test( elem ) ) {
+				nodes.push( context.createTextNode( elem ) );
+
+			// Convert html into DOM nodes
+			} else {
+				tmp = tmp || fragment.appendChild( context.createElement( "div" ) );
+
+				// Deserialize a standard representation
+				tag = ( rtagName.exec( elem ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase();
+				wrap = wrapMap[ tag ] || wrapMap._default;
+				tmp.innerHTML = wrap[ 1 ] + jQuery.htmlPrefilter( elem ) + wrap[ 2 ];
+
+				// Descend through wrappers to the right content
+				j = wrap[ 0 ];
+				while ( j-- ) {
+					tmp = tmp.lastChild;
+				}
+
+				// Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only
+				// push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit
+				jQuery.merge( nodes, tmp.childNodes );
+
+				// Remember the top-level container
+				tmp = fragment.firstChild;
+
+				// Ensure the created nodes are orphaned (#12392)
+				tmp.textContent = "";
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Remove wrapper from fragment
+	fragment.textContent = "";
+
+	i = 0;
+	while ( ( elem = nodes[ i++ ] ) ) {
+
+		// Skip elements already in the context collection (trac-4087)
+		if ( selection && jQuery.inArray( elem, selection ) > -1 ) {
+			if ( ignored ) {
+				ignored.push( elem );
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		attached = isAttached( elem );
+
+		// Append to fragment
+		tmp = getAll( fragment.appendChild( elem ), "script" );
+
+		// Preserve script evaluation history
+		if ( attached ) {
+			setGlobalEval( tmp );
+		}
+
+		// Capture executables
+		if ( scripts ) {
+			j = 0;
+			while ( ( elem = tmp[ j++ ] ) ) {
+				if ( rscriptType.test( elem.type || "" ) ) {
+					scripts.push( elem );
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return fragment;
+}
+
+
+var rtypenamespace = /^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)/;
+
+function returnTrue() {
+	return true;
+}
+
+function returnFalse() {
+	return false;
+}
+
+// Support: IE <=9 - 11+
+// focus() and blur() are asynchronous, except when they are no-op.
+// So expect focus to be synchronous when the element is already active,
+// and blur to be synchronous when the element is not already active.
+// (focus and blur are always synchronous in other supported browsers,
+// this just defines when we can count on it).
+function expectSync( elem, type ) {
+	return ( elem === safeActiveElement() ) === ( type === "focus" );
+}
+
+// Support: IE <=9 only
+// Accessing document.activeElement can throw unexpectedly
+// https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13393
+function safeActiveElement() {
+	try {
+		return document.activeElement;
+	} catch ( err ) { }
+}
+
+function on( elem, types, selector, data, fn, one ) {
+	var origFn, type;
+
+	// Types can be a map of types/handlers
+	if ( typeof types === "object" ) {
+
+		// ( types-Object, selector, data )
+		if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) {
+
+			// ( types-Object, data )
+			data = data || selector;
+			selector = undefined;
+		}
+		for ( type in types ) {
+			on( elem, type, selector, data, types[ type ], one );
+		}
+		return elem;
+	}
+
+	if ( data == null && fn == null ) {
+
+		// ( types, fn )
+		fn = selector;
+		data = selector = undefined;
+	} else if ( fn == null ) {
+		if ( typeof selector === "string" ) {
+
+			// ( types, selector, fn )
+			fn = data;
+			data = undefined;
+		} else {
+
+			// ( types, data, fn )
+			fn = data;
+			data = selector;
+			selector = undefined;
+		}
+	}
+	if ( fn === false ) {
+		fn = returnFalse;
+	} else if ( !fn ) {
+		return elem;
+	}
+
+	if ( one === 1 ) {
+		origFn = fn;
+		fn = function( event ) {
+
+			// Can use an empty set, since event contains the info
+			jQuery().off( event );
+			return origFn.apply( this, arguments );
+		};
+
+		// Use same guid so caller can remove using origFn
+		fn.guid = origFn.guid || ( origFn.guid = jQuery.guid++ );
+	}
+	return elem.each( function() {
+		jQuery.event.add( this, types, fn, data, selector );
+	} );
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper functions for managing events -- not part of the public interface.
+ * Props to Dean Edwards' addEvent library for many of the ideas.
+ */
+jQuery.event = {
+
+	global: {},
+
+	add: function( elem, types, handler, data, selector ) {
+
+		var handleObjIn, eventHandle, tmp,
+			events, t, handleObj,
+			special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType,
+			elemData = dataPriv.get( elem );
+
+		// Only attach events to objects that accept data
+		if ( !acceptData( elem ) ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Caller can pass in an object of custom data in lieu of the handler
+		if ( handler.handler ) {
+			handleObjIn = handler;
+			handler = handleObjIn.handler;
+			selector = handleObjIn.selector;
+		}
+
+		// Ensure that invalid selectors throw exceptions at attach time
+		// Evaluate against documentElement in case elem is a non-element node (e.g., document)
+		if ( selector ) {
+			jQuery.find.matchesSelector( documentElement, selector );
+		}
+
+		// Make sure that the handler has a unique ID, used to find/remove it later
+		if ( !handler.guid ) {
+			handler.guid = jQuery.guid++;
+		}
+
+		// Init the element's event structure and main handler, if this is the first
+		if ( !( events = elemData.events ) ) {
+			events = elemData.events = Object.create( null );
+		}
+		if ( !( eventHandle = elemData.handle ) ) {
+			eventHandle = elemData.handle = function( e ) {
+
+				// Discard the second event of a jQuery.event.trigger() and
+				// when an event is called after a page has unloaded
+				return typeof jQuery !== "undefined" && jQuery.event.triggered !== e.type ?
+					jQuery.event.dispatch.apply( elem, arguments ) : undefined;
+			};
+		}
+
+		// Handle multiple events separated by a space
+		types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ];
+		t = types.length;
+		while ( t-- ) {
+			tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || [];
+			type = origType = tmp[ 1 ];
+			namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort();
+
+			// There *must* be a type, no attaching namespace-only handlers
+			if ( !type ) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			// If event changes its type, use the special event handlers for the changed type
+			special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};
+
+			// If selector defined, determine special event api type, otherwise given type
+			type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type;
+
+			// Update special based on newly reset type
+			special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};
+
+			// handleObj is passed to all event handlers
+			handleObj = jQuery.extend( {
+				type: type,
+				origType: origType,
+				data: data,
+				handler: handler,
+				guid: handler.guid,
+				selector: selector,
+				needsContext: selector && jQuery.expr.match.needsContext.test( selector ),
+				namespace: namespaces.join( "." )
+			}, handleObjIn );
+
+			// Init the event handler queue if we're the first
+			if ( !( handlers = events[ type ] ) ) {
+				handlers = events[ type ] = [];
+				handlers.delegateCount = 0;
+
+				// Only use addEventListener if the special events handler returns false
+				if ( !special.setup ||
+					special.setup.call( elem, data, namespaces, eventHandle ) === false ) {
+
+					if ( elem.addEventListener ) {
+						elem.addEventListener( type, eventHandle );
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if ( special.add ) {
+				special.add.call( elem, handleObj );
+
+				if ( !handleObj.handler.guid ) {
+					handleObj.handler.guid = handler.guid;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Add to the element's handler list, delegates in front
+			if ( selector ) {
+				handlers.splice( handlers.delegateCount++, 0, handleObj );
+			} else {
+				handlers.push( handleObj );
+			}
+
+			// Keep track of which events have ever been used, for event optimization
+			jQuery.event.global[ type ] = true;
+		}
+
+	},
+
+	// Detach an event or set of events from an element
+	remove: function( elem, types, handler, selector, mappedTypes ) {
+
+		var j, origCount, tmp,
+			events, t, handleObj,
+			special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType,
+			elemData = dataPriv.hasData( elem ) && dataPriv.get( elem );
+
+		if ( !elemData || !( events = elemData.events ) ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Once for each type.namespace in types; type may be omitted
+		types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ];
+		t = types.length;
+		while ( t-- ) {
+			tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || [];
+			type = origType = tmp[ 1 ];
+			namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort();
+
+			// Unbind all events (on this namespace, if provided) for the element
+			if ( !type ) {
+				for ( type in events ) {
+					jQuery.event.remove( elem, type + types[ t ], handler, selector, true );
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};
+			type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type;
+			handlers = events[ type ] || [];
+			tmp = tmp[ 2 ] &&
+				new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" );
+
+			// Remove matching events
+			origCount = j = handlers.length;
+			while ( j-- ) {
+				handleObj = handlers[ j ];
+
+				if ( ( mappedTypes || origType === handleObj.origType ) &&
+					( !handler || handler.guid === handleObj.guid ) &&
+					( !tmp || tmp.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) &&
+					( !selector || selector === handleObj.selector ||
+						selector === "**" && handleObj.selector ) ) {
+					handlers.splice( j, 1 );
+
+					if ( handleObj.selector ) {
+						handlers.delegateCount--;
+					}
+					if ( special.remove ) {
+						special.remove.call( elem, handleObj );
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Remove generic event handler if we removed something and no more handlers exist
+			// (avoids potential for endless recursion during removal of special event handlers)
+			if ( origCount && !handlers.length ) {
+				if ( !special.teardown ||
+					special.teardown.call( elem, namespaces, elemData.handle ) === false ) {
+
+					jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, elemData.handle );
+				}
+
+				delete events[ type ];
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Remove data and the expando if it's no longer used
+		if ( jQuery.isEmptyObject( events ) ) {
+			dataPriv.remove( elem, "handle events" );
+		}
+	},
+
+	dispatch: function( nativeEvent ) {
+
+		var i, j, ret, matched, handleObj, handlerQueue,
+			args = new Array( arguments.length ),
+
+			// Make a writable jQuery.Event from the native event object
+			event = jQuery.event.fix( nativeEvent ),
+
+			handlers = (
+				dataPriv.get( this, "events" ) || Object.create( null )
+			)[ event.type ] || [],
+			special = jQuery.event.special[ event.type ] || {};
+
+		// Use the fix-ed jQuery.Event rather than the (read-only) native event
+		args[ 0 ] = event;
+
+		for ( i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++ ) {
+			args[ i ] = arguments[ i ];
+		}
+
+		event.delegateTarget = this;
+
+		// Call the preDispatch hook for the mapped type, and let it bail if desired
+		if ( special.preDispatch && special.preDispatch.call( this, event ) === false ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Determine handlers
+		handlerQueue = jQuery.event.handlers.call( this, event, handlers );
+
+		// Run delegates first; they may want to stop propagation beneath us
+		i = 0;
+		while ( ( matched = handlerQueue[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
+			event.currentTarget = matched.elem;
+
+			j = 0;
+			while ( ( handleObj = matched.handlers[ j++ ] ) &&
+				!event.isImmediatePropagationStopped() ) {
+
+				// If the event is namespaced, then each handler is only invoked if it is
+				// specially universal or its namespaces are a superset of the event's.
+				if ( !event.rnamespace || handleObj.namespace === false ||
+					event.rnamespace.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) {
+
+					event.handleObj = handleObj;
+					event.data = handleObj.data;
+
+					ret = ( ( jQuery.event.special[ handleObj.origType ] || {} ).handle ||
+						handleObj.handler ).apply( matched.elem, args );
+
+					if ( ret !== undefined ) {
+						if ( ( event.result = ret ) === false ) {
+							event.preventDefault();
+							event.stopPropagation();
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Call the postDispatch hook for the mapped type
+		if ( special.postDispatch ) {
+			special.postDispatch.call( this, event );
+		}
+
+		return event.result;
+	},
+
+	handlers: function( event, handlers ) {
+		var i, handleObj, sel, matchedHandlers, matchedSelectors,
+			handlerQueue = [],
+			delegateCount = handlers.delegateCount,
+			cur = event.target;
+
+		// Find delegate handlers
+		if ( delegateCount &&
+
+			// Support: IE <=9
+			// Black-hole SVG <use> instance trees (trac-13180)
+			cur.nodeType &&
+
+			// Support: Firefox <=42
+			// Suppress spec-violating clicks indicating a non-primary pointer button (trac-3861)
+			// https://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#event-type-click
+			// Support: IE 11 only
+			// ...but not arrow key "clicks" of radio inputs, which can have `button` -1 (gh-2343)
+			!( event.type === "click" && event.button >= 1 ) ) {
+
+			for ( ; cur !== this; cur = cur.parentNode || this ) {
+
+				// Don't check non-elements (#13208)
+				// Don't process clicks on disabled elements (#6911, #8165, #11382, #11764)
+				if ( cur.nodeType === 1 && !( event.type === "click" && cur.disabled === true ) ) {
+					matchedHandlers = [];
+					matchedSelectors = {};
+					for ( i = 0; i < delegateCount; i++ ) {
+						handleObj = handlers[ i ];
+
+						// Don't conflict with Object.prototype properties (#13203)
+						sel = handleObj.selector + " ";
+
+						if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] === undefined ) {
+							matchedSelectors[ sel ] = handleObj.needsContext ?
+								jQuery( sel, this ).index( cur ) > -1 :
+								jQuery.find( sel, this, null, [ cur ] ).length;
+						}
+						if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] ) {
+							matchedHandlers.push( handleObj );
+						}
+					}
+					if ( matchedHandlers.length ) {
+						handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: matchedHandlers } );
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Add the remaining (directly-bound) handlers
+		cur = this;
+		if ( delegateCount < handlers.length ) {
+			handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: handlers.slice( delegateCount ) } );
+		}
+
+		return handlerQueue;
+	},
+
+	addProp: function( name, hook ) {
+		Object.defineProperty( jQuery.Event.prototype, name, {
+			enumerable: true,
+			configurable: true,
+
+			get: isFunction( hook ) ?
+				function() {
+					if ( this.originalEvent ) {
+						return hook( this.originalEvent );
+					}
+				} :
+				function() {
+					if ( this.originalEvent ) {
+						return this.originalEvent[ name ];
+					}
+				},
+
+			set: function( value ) {
+				Object.defineProperty( this, name, {
+					enumerable: true,
+					configurable: true,
+					writable: true,
+					value: value
+				} );
+			}
+		} );
+	},
+
+	fix: function( originalEvent ) {
+		return originalEvent[ jQuery.expando ] ?
+			originalEvent :
+			new jQuery.Event( originalEvent );
+	},
+
+	special: {
+		load: {
+
+			// Prevent triggered image.load events from bubbling to window.load
+			noBubble: true
+		},
+		click: {
+
+			// Utilize native event to ensure correct state for checkable inputs
+			setup: function( data ) {
+
+				// For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var.
+				// `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification.
+				var el = this || data;
+
+				// Claim the first handler
+				if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) &&
+					el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) {
+
+					// dataPriv.set( el, "click", ... )
+					leverageNative( el, "click", returnTrue );
+				}
+
+				// Return false to allow normal processing in the caller
+				return false;
+			},
+			trigger: function( data ) {
+
+				// For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var.
+				// `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification.
+				var el = this || data;
+
+				// Force setup before triggering a click
+				if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) &&
+					el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) {
+
+					leverageNative( el, "click" );
+				}
+
+				// Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation
+				return true;
+			},
+
+			// For cross-browser consistency, suppress native .click() on links
+			// Also prevent it if we're currently inside a leveraged native-event stack
+			_default: function( event ) {
+				var target = event.target;
+				return rcheckableType.test( target.type ) &&
+					target.click && nodeName( target, "input" ) &&
+					dataPriv.get( target, "click" ) ||
+					nodeName( target, "a" );
+			}
+		},
+
+		beforeunload: {
+			postDispatch: function( event ) {
+
+				// Support: Firefox 20+
+				// Firefox doesn't alert if the returnValue field is not set.
+				if ( event.result !== undefined && event.originalEvent ) {
+					event.originalEvent.returnValue = event.result;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+// Ensure the presence of an event listener that handles manually-triggered
+// synthetic events by interrupting progress until reinvoked in response to
+// *native* events that it fires directly, ensuring that state changes have
+// already occurred before other listeners are invoked.
+function leverageNative( el, type, expectSync ) {
+
+	// Missing expectSync indicates a trigger call, which must force setup through jQuery.event.add
+	if ( !expectSync ) {
+		if ( dataPriv.get( el, type ) === undefined ) {
+			jQuery.event.add( el, type, returnTrue );
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Register the controller as a special universal handler for all event namespaces
+	dataPriv.set( el, type, false );
+	jQuery.event.add( el, type, {
+		namespace: false,
+		handler: function( event ) {
+			var notAsync, result,
+				saved = dataPriv.get( this, type );
+
+			if ( ( event.isTrigger & 1 ) && this[ type ] ) {
+
+				// Interrupt processing of the outer synthetic .trigger()ed event
+				// Saved data should be false in such cases, but might be a leftover capture object
+				// from an async native handler (gh-4350)
+				if ( !saved.length ) {
+
+					// Store arguments for use when handling the inner native event
+					// There will always be at least one argument (an event object), so this array
+					// will not be confused with a leftover capture object.
+					saved = slice.call( arguments );
+					dataPriv.set( this, type, saved );
+
+					// Trigger the native event and capture its result
+					// Support: IE <=9 - 11+
+					// focus() and blur() are asynchronous
+					notAsync = expectSync( this, type );
+					this[ type ]();
+					result = dataPriv.get( this, type );
+					if ( saved !== result || notAsync ) {
+						dataPriv.set( this, type, false );
+					} else {
+						result = {};
+					}
+					if ( saved !== result ) {
+
+						// Cancel the outer synthetic event
+						event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+						event.preventDefault();
+
+						// Support: Chrome 86+
+						// In Chrome, if an element having a focusout handler is blurred by
+						// clicking outside of it, it invokes the handler synchronously. If
+						// that handler calls `.remove()` on the element, the data is cleared,
+						// leaving `result` undefined. We need to guard against this.
+						return result && result.value;
+					}
+
+				// If this is an inner synthetic event for an event with a bubbling surrogate
+				// (focus or blur), assume that the surrogate already propagated from triggering the
+				// native event and prevent that from happening again here.
+				// This technically gets the ordering wrong w.r.t. to `.trigger()` (in which the
+				// bubbling surrogate propagates *after* the non-bubbling base), but that seems
+				// less bad than duplication.
+				} else if ( ( jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {} ).delegateType ) {
+					event.stopPropagation();
+				}
+
+			// If this is a native event triggered above, everything is now in order
+			// Fire an inner synthetic event with the original arguments
+			} else if ( saved.length ) {
+
+				// ...and capture the result
+				dataPriv.set( this, type, {
+					value: jQuery.event.trigger(
+
+						// Support: IE <=9 - 11+
+						// Extend with the prototype to reset the above stopImmediatePropagation()
+						jQuery.extend( saved[ 0 ], jQuery.Event.prototype ),
+						saved.slice( 1 ),
+						this
+					)
+				} );
+
+				// Abort handling of the native event
+				event.stopImmediatePropagation();
+			}
+		}
+	} );
+}
+
+jQuery.removeEvent = function( elem, type, handle ) {
+
+	// This "if" is needed for plain objects
+	if ( elem.removeEventListener ) {
+		elem.removeEventListener( type, handle );
+	}
+};
+
+jQuery.Event = function( src, props ) {
+
+	// Allow instantiation without the 'new' keyword
+	if ( !( this instanceof jQuery.Event ) ) {
+		return new jQuery.Event( src, props );
+	}
+
+	// Event object
+	if ( src && src.type ) {
+		this.originalEvent = src;
+		this.type = src.type;
+
+		// Events bubbling up the document may have been marked as prevented
+		// by a handler lower down the tree; reflect the correct value.
+		this.isDefaultPrevented = src.defaultPrevented ||
+				src.defaultPrevented === undefined &&
+
+				// Support: Android <=2.3 only
+				src.returnValue === false ?
+			returnTrue :
+			returnFalse;
+
+		// Create target properties
+		// Support: Safari <=6 - 7 only
+		// Target should not be a text node (#504, #13143)
+		this.target = ( src.target && src.target.nodeType === 3 ) ?
+			src.target.parentNode :
+			src.target;
+
+		this.currentTarget = src.currentTarget;
+		this.relatedTarget = src.relatedTarget;
+
+	// Event type
+	} else {
+		this.type = src;
+	}
+
+	// Put explicitly provided properties onto the event object
+	if ( props ) {
+		jQuery.extend( this, props );
+	}
+
+	// Create a timestamp if incoming event doesn't have one
+	this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || Date.now();
+
+	// Mark it as fixed
+	this[ jQuery.expando ] = true;
+};
+
+// jQuery.Event is based on DOM3 Events as specified by the ECMAScript Language Binding
+// https://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20030331/ecma-script-binding.html
+jQuery.Event.prototype = {
+	constructor: jQuery.Event,
+	isDefaultPrevented: returnFalse,
+	isPropagationStopped: returnFalse,
+	isImmediatePropagationStopped: returnFalse,
+	isSimulated: false,
+
+	preventDefault: function() {
+		var e = this.originalEvent;
+
+		this.isDefaultPrevented = returnTrue;
+
+		if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) {
+			e.preventDefault();
+		}
+	},
+	stopPropagation: function() {
+		var e = this.originalEvent;
+
+		this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue;
+
+		if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) {
+			e.stopPropagation();
+		}
+	},
+	stopImmediatePropagation: function() {
+		var e = this.originalEvent;
+
+		this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = returnTrue;
+
+		if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) {
+			e.stopImmediatePropagation();
+		}
+
+		this.stopPropagation();
+	}
+};
+
+// Includes all common event props including KeyEvent and MouseEvent specific props
+jQuery.each( {
+	altKey: true,
+	bubbles: true,
+	cancelable: true,
+	changedTouches: true,
+	ctrlKey: true,
+	detail: true,
+	eventPhase: true,
+	metaKey: true,
+	pageX: true,
+	pageY: true,
+	shiftKey: true,
+	view: true,
+	"char": true,
+	code: true,
+	charCode: true,
+	key: true,
+	keyCode: true,
+	button: true,
+	buttons: true,
+	clientX: true,
+	clientY: true,
+	offsetX: true,
+	offsetY: true,
+	pointerId: true,
+	pointerType: true,
+	screenX: true,
+	screenY: true,
+	targetTouches: true,
+	toElement: true,
+	touches: true,
+	which: true
+}, jQuery.event.addProp );
+
+jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( type, delegateType ) {
+	jQuery.event.special[ type ] = {
+
+		// Utilize native event if possible so blur/focus sequence is correct
+		setup: function() {
+
+			// Claim the first handler
+			// dataPriv.set( this, "focus", ... )
+			// dataPriv.set( this, "blur", ... )
+			leverageNative( this, type, expectSync );
+
+			// Return false to allow normal processing in the caller
+			return false;
+		},
+		trigger: function() {
+
+			// Force setup before trigger
+			leverageNative( this, type );
+
+			// Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation
+			return true;
+		},
+
+		// Suppress native focus or blur as it's already being fired
+		// in leverageNative.
+		_default: function() {
+			return true;
+		},
+
+		delegateType: delegateType
+	};
+} );
+
+// Create mouseenter/leave events using mouseover/out and event-time checks
+// so that event delegation works in jQuery.
+// Do the same for pointerenter/pointerleave and pointerover/pointerout
+//
+// Support: Safari 7 only
+// Safari sends mouseenter too often; see:
+// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=470258
+// for the description of the bug (it existed in older Chrome versions as well).
+jQuery.each( {
+	mouseenter: "mouseover",
+	mouseleave: "mouseout",
+	pointerenter: "pointerover",
+	pointerleave: "pointerout"
+}, function( orig, fix ) {
+	jQuery.event.special[ orig ] = {
+		delegateType: fix,
+		bindType: fix,
+
+		handle: function( event ) {
+			var ret,
+				target = this,
+				related = event.relatedTarget,
+				handleObj = event.handleObj;
+
+			// For mouseenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target.
+			// NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window
+			if ( !related || ( related !== target && !jQuery.contains( target, related ) ) ) {
+				event.type = handleObj.origType;
+				ret = handleObj.handler.apply( this, arguments );
+				event.type = fix;
+			}
+			return ret;
+		}
+	};
+} );
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+
+	on: function( types, selector, data, fn ) {
+		return on( this, types, selector, data, fn );
+	},
+	one: function( types, selector, data, fn ) {
+		return on( this, types, selector, data, fn, 1 );
+	},
+	off: function( types, selector, fn ) {
+		var handleObj, type;
+		if ( types && types.preventDefault && types.handleObj ) {
+
+			// ( event )  dispatched jQuery.Event
+			handleObj = types.handleObj;
+			jQuery( types.delegateTarget ).off(
+				handleObj.namespace ?
+					handleObj.origType + "." + handleObj.namespace :
+					handleObj.origType,
+				handleObj.selector,
+				handleObj.handler
+			);
+			return this;
+		}
+		if ( typeof types === "object" ) {
+
+			// ( types-object [, selector] )
+			for ( type in types ) {
+				this.off( type, selector, types[ type ] );
+			}
+			return this;
+		}
+		if ( selector === false || typeof selector === "function" ) {
+
+			// ( types [, fn] )
+			fn = selector;
+			selector = undefined;
+		}
+		if ( fn === false ) {
+			fn = returnFalse;
+		}
+		return this.each( function() {
+			jQuery.event.remove( this, types, fn, selector );
+		} );
+	}
+} );
+
+
+var
+
+	// Support: IE <=10 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 only
+	// In IE/Edge using regex groups here causes severe slowdowns.
+	// See https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedback/details/1736512/
+	rnoInnerhtml = /<script|<style|<link/i,
+
+	// checked="checked" or checked
+	rchecked = /checked\s*(?:[^=]|=\s*.checked.)/i,
+	rcleanScript = /^\s*<!(?:\[CDATA\[|--)|(?:\]\]|--)>\s*$/g;
+
+// Prefer a tbody over its parent table for containing new rows
+function manipulationTarget( elem, content ) {
+	if ( nodeName( elem, "table" ) &&
+		nodeName( content.nodeType !== 11 ? content : content.firstChild, "tr" ) ) {
+
+		return jQuery( elem ).children( "tbody" )[ 0 ] || elem;
+	}
+
+	return elem;
+}
+
+// Replace/restore the type attribute of script elements for safe DOM manipulation
+function disableScript( elem ) {
+	elem.type = ( elem.getAttribute( "type" ) !== null ) + "/" + elem.type;
+	return elem;
+}
+function restoreScript( elem ) {
+	if ( ( elem.type || "" ).slice( 0, 5 ) === "true/" ) {
+		elem.type = elem.type.slice( 5 );
+	} else {
+		elem.removeAttribute( "type" );
+	}
+
+	return elem;
+}
+
+function cloneCopyEvent( src, dest ) {
+	var i, l, type, pdataOld, udataOld, udataCur, events;
+
+	if ( dest.nodeType !== 1 ) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// 1. Copy private data: events, handlers, etc.
+	if ( dataPriv.hasData( src ) ) {
+		pdataOld = dataPriv.get( src );
+		events = pdataOld.events;
+
+		if ( events ) {
+			dataPriv.remove( dest, "handle events" );
+
+			for ( type in events ) {
+				for ( i = 0, l = events[ type ].length; i < l; i++ ) {
+					jQuery.event.add( dest, type, events[ type ][ i ] );
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 2. Copy user data
+	if ( dataUser.hasData( src ) ) {
+		udataOld = dataUser.access( src );
+		udataCur = jQuery.extend( {}, udataOld );
+
+		dataUser.set( dest, udataCur );
+	}
+}
+
+// Fix IE bugs, see support tests
+function fixInput( src, dest ) {
+	var nodeName = dest.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+
+	// Fails to persist the checked state of a cloned checkbox or radio button.
+	if ( nodeName === "input" && rcheckableType.test( src.type ) ) {
+		dest.checked = src.checked;
+
+	// Fails to return the selected option to the default selected state when cloning options
+	} else if ( nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea" ) {
+		dest.defaultValue = src.defaultValue;
+	}
+}
+
+function domManip( collection, args, callback, ignored ) {
+
+	// Flatten any nested arrays
+	args = flat( args );
+
+	var fragment, first, scripts, hasScripts, node, doc,
+		i = 0,
+		l = collection.length,
+		iNoClone = l - 1,
+		value = args[ 0 ],
+		valueIsFunction = isFunction( value );
+
+	// We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit
+	if ( valueIsFunction ||
+			( l > 1 && typeof value === "string" &&
+				!support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) {
+		return collection.each( function( index ) {
+			var self = collection.eq( index );
+			if ( valueIsFunction ) {
+				args[ 0 ] = value.call( this, index, self.html() );
+			}
+			domManip( self, args, callback, ignored );
+		} );
+	}
+
+	if ( l ) {
+		fragment = buildFragment( args, collection[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, collection, ignored );
+		first = fragment.firstChild;
+
+		if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) {
+			fragment = first;
+		}
+
+		// Require either new content or an interest in ignored elements to invoke the callback
+		if ( first || ignored ) {
+			scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript );
+			hasScripts = scripts.length;
+
+			// Use the original fragment for the last item
+			// instead of the first because it can end up
+			// being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070).
+			for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
+				node = fragment;
+
+				if ( i !== iNoClone ) {
+					node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true );
+
+					// Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration
+					if ( hasScripts ) {
+
+						// Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only
+						// push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit
+						jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) );
+					}
+				}
+
+				callback.call( collection[ i ], node, i );
+			}
+
+			if ( hasScripts ) {
+				doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument;
+
+				// Reenable scripts
+				jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript );
+
+				// Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion
+				for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) {
+					node = scripts[ i ];
+					if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) &&
+						!dataPriv.access( node, "globalEval" ) &&
+						jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) {
+
+						if ( node.src && ( node.type || "" ).toLowerCase()  !== "module" ) {
+
+							// Optional AJAX dependency, but won't run scripts if not present
+							if ( jQuery._evalUrl && !node.noModule ) {
+								jQuery._evalUrl( node.src, {
+									nonce: node.nonce || node.getAttribute( "nonce" )
+								}, doc );
+							}
+						} else {
+							DOMEval( node.textContent.replace( rcleanScript, "" ), node, doc );
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return collection;
+}
+
+function remove( elem, selector, keepData ) {
+	var node,
+		nodes = selector ? jQuery.filter( selector, elem ) : elem,
+		i = 0;
+
+	for ( ; ( node = nodes[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) {
+		if ( !keepData && node.nodeType === 1 ) {
+			jQuery.cleanData( getAll( node ) );
+		}
+
+		if ( node.parentNode ) {
+			if ( keepData && isAttached( node ) ) {
+				setGlobalEval( getAll( node, "script" ) );
+			}
+			node.parentNode.removeChild( node );
+		}
+	}
+
+	return elem;
+}
+
+jQuery.extend( {
+	htmlPrefilter: function( html ) {
+		return html;
+	},
+
+	clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) {
+		var i, l, srcElements, destElements,
+			clone = elem.cloneNode( true ),
+			inPage = isAttached( elem );
+
+		// Fix IE cloning issues
+		if ( !support.noCloneChecked && ( elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11 ) &&
+				!jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) {
+
+			// We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: https://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2
+			destElements = getAll( clone );
+			srcElements = getAll( elem );
+
+			for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) {
+				fixInput( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] );
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Copy the events from the original to the clone
+		if ( dataAndEvents ) {
+			if ( deepDataAndEvents ) {
+				srcElements = srcElements || getAll( elem );
+				destElements = destElements || getAll( clone );
+
+				for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) {
+					cloneCopyEvent( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] );
+				}
+			} else {
+				cloneCopyEvent( elem, clone );
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Preserve script evaluation history
+		destElements = getAll( clone, "script" );
+		if ( destElements.length > 0 ) {
+			setGlobalEval( destElements, !inPage && getAll( elem, "script" ) );
+		}
+
+		// Return the cloned set
+		return clone;
+	},
+
+	cleanData: function( elems ) {
+		var data, elem, type,
+			special = jQuery.event.special,
+			i = 0;
+
+		for ( ; ( elem = elems[ i ] ) !== undefined; i++ ) {
+			if ( acceptData( elem ) ) {
+				if ( ( data = elem[ dataPriv.expando ] ) ) {
+					if ( data.events ) {
+						for ( type in data.events ) {
+							if ( special[ type ] ) {
+								jQuery.event.remove( elem, type );
+
+							// This is a shortcut to avoid jQuery.event.remove's overhead
+							} else {
+								jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, data.handle );
+							}
+						}
+					}
+
+					// Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+
+					// Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove
+					elem[ dataPriv.expando ] = undefined;
+				}
+				if ( elem[ dataUser.expando ] ) {
+
+					// Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+
+					// Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove
+					elem[ dataUser.expando ] = undefined;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+} );
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+	detach: function( selector ) {
+		return remove( this, selector, true );
+	},
+
+	remove: function( selector ) {
+		return remove( this, selector );
+	},
+
+	text: function( value ) {
+		return access( this, function( value ) {
+			return value === undefined ?
+				jQuery.text( this ) :
+				this.empty().each( function() {
+					if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) {
+						this.textContent = value;
+					}
+				} );
+		}, null, value, arguments.length );
+	},
+
+	append: function() {
+		return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) {
+			if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) {
+				var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem );
+				target.appendChild( elem );
+			}
+		} );
+	},
+
+	prepend: function() {
+		return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) {
+			if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) {
+				var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem );
+				target.insertBefore( elem, target.firstChild );
+			}
+		} );
+	},
+
+	before: function() {
+		return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) {
+			if ( this.parentNode ) {
+				this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this );
+			}
+		} );
+	},
+
+	after: function() {
+		return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) {
+			if ( this.parentNode ) {
+				this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this.nextSibling );
+			}
+		} );
+	},
+
+	empty: function() {
+		var elem,
+			i = 0;
+
+		for ( ; ( elem = this[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) {
+			if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
+
+				// Prevent memory leaks
+				jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) );
+
+				// Remove any remaining nodes
+				elem.textContent = "";
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this;
+	},
+
+	clone: function( dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) {
+		dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents;
+		deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents;
+
+		return this.map( function() {
+			return jQuery.clone( this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents );
+		} );
+	},
+
+	html: function( value ) {
+		return access( this, function( value ) {
+			var elem = this[ 0 ] || {},
+				i = 0,
+				l = this.length;
+
+			if ( value === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
+				return elem.innerHTML;
+			}
+
+			// See if we can take a shortcut and just use innerHTML
+			if ( typeof value === "string" && !rnoInnerhtml.test( value ) &&
+				!wrapMap[ ( rtagName.exec( value ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase() ] ) {
+
+				value = jQuery.htmlPrefilter( value );
+
+				try {
+					for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
+						elem = this[ i ] || {};
+
+						// Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks
+						if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
+							jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) );
+							elem.innerHTML = value;
+						}
+					}
+
+					elem = 0;
+
+				// If using innerHTML throws an exception, use the fallback method
+				} catch ( e ) {}
+			}
+
+			if ( elem ) {
+				this.empty().append( value );
+			}
+		}, null, value, arguments.length );
+	},
+
+	replaceWith: function() {
+		var ignored = [];
+
+		// Make the changes, replacing each non-ignored context element with the new content
+		return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) {
+			var parent = this.parentNode;
+
+			if ( jQuery.inArray( this, ignored ) < 0 ) {
+				jQuery.cleanData( getAll( this ) );
+				if ( parent ) {
+					parent.replaceChild( elem, this );
+				}
+			}
+
+		// Force callback invocation
+		}, ignored );
+	}
+} );
+
+jQuery.each( {
+	appendTo: "append",
+	prependTo: "prepend",
+	insertBefore: "before",
+	insertAfter: "after",
+	replaceAll: "replaceWith"
+}, function( name, original ) {
+	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( selector ) {
+		var elems,
+			ret = [],
+			insert = jQuery( selector ),
+			last = insert.length - 1,
+			i = 0;
+
+		for ( ; i <= last; i++ ) {
+			elems = i === last ? this : this.clone( true );
+			jQuery( insert[ i ] )[ original ]( elems );
+
+			// Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only
+			// .get() because push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit
+			push.apply( ret, elems.get() );
+		}
+
+		return this.pushStack( ret );
+	};
+} );
+var rnumnonpx = new RegExp( "^(" + pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i" );
+
+var getStyles = function( elem ) {
+
+		// Support: IE <=11 only, Firefox <=30 (#15098, #14150)
+		// IE throws on elements created in popups
+		// FF meanwhile throws on frame elements through "defaultView.getComputedStyle"
+		var view = elem.ownerDocument.defaultView;
+
+		if ( !view || !view.opener ) {
+			view = window;
+		}
+
+		return view.getComputedStyle( elem );
+	};
+
+var swap = function( elem, options, callback ) {
+	var ret, name,
+		old = {};
+
+	// Remember the old values, and insert the new ones
+	for ( name in options ) {
+		old[ name ] = elem.style[ name ];
+		elem.style[ name ] = options[ name ];
+	}
+
+	ret = callback.call( elem );
+
+	// Revert the old values
+	for ( name in options ) {
+		elem.style[ name ] = old[ name ];
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+};
+
+
+var rboxStyle = new RegExp( cssExpand.join( "|" ), "i" );
+
+
+
+( function() {
+
+	// Executing both pixelPosition & boxSizingReliable tests require only one layout
+	// so they're executed at the same time to save the second computation.
+	function computeStyleTests() {
+
+		// This is a singleton, we need to execute it only once
+		if ( !div ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		container.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;width:60px;" +
+			"margin-top:1px;padding:0;border:0";
+		div.style.cssText =
+			"position:relative;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:scroll;" +
+			"margin:auto;border:1px;padding:1px;" +
+			"width:60%;top:1%";
+		documentElement.appendChild( container ).appendChild( div );
+
+		var divStyle = window.getComputedStyle( div );
+		pixelPositionVal = divStyle.top !== "1%";
+
+		// Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Firefox <=3 - 44
+		reliableMarginLeftVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.marginLeft ) === 12;
+
+		// Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Safari <=9.1 - 10.1, iOS <=7.0 - 9.3
+		// Some styles come back with percentage values, even though they shouldn't
+		div.style.right = "60%";
+		pixelBoxStylesVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.right ) === 36;
+
+		// Support: IE 9 - 11 only
+		// Detect misreporting of content dimensions for box-sizing:border-box elements
+		boxSizingReliableVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.width ) === 36;
+
+		// Support: IE 9 only
+		// Detect overflow:scroll screwiness (gh-3699)
+		// Support: Chrome <=64
+		// Don't get tricked when zoom affects offsetWidth (gh-4029)
+		div.style.position = "absolute";
+		scrollboxSizeVal = roundPixelMeasures( div.offsetWidth / 3 ) === 12;
+
+		documentElement.removeChild( container );
+
+		// Nullify the div so it wouldn't be stored in the memory and
+		// it will also be a sign that checks already performed
+		div = null;
+	}
+
+	function roundPixelMeasures( measure ) {
+		return Math.round( parseFloat( measure ) );
+	}
+
+	var pixelPositionVal, boxSizingReliableVal, scrollboxSizeVal, pixelBoxStylesVal,
+		reliableTrDimensionsVal, reliableMarginLeftVal,
+		container = document.createElement( "div" ),
+		div = document.createElement( "div" );
+
+	// Finish early in limited (non-browser) environments
+	if ( !div.style ) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Support: IE <=9 - 11 only
+	// Style of cloned element affects source element cloned (#8908)
+	div.style.backgroundClip = "content-box";
+	div.cloneNode( true ).style.backgroundClip = "";
+	support.clearCloneStyle = div.style.backgroundClip === "content-box";
+
+	jQuery.extend( support, {
+		boxSizingReliable: function() {
+			computeStyleTests();
+			return boxSizingReliableVal;
+		},
+		pixelBoxStyles: function() {
+			computeStyleTests();
+			return pixelBoxStylesVal;
+		},
+		pixelPosition: function() {
+			computeStyleTests();
+			return pixelPositionVal;
+		},
+		reliableMarginLeft: function() {
+			computeStyleTests();
+			return reliableMarginLeftVal;
+		},
+		scrollboxSize: function() {
+			computeStyleTests();
+			return scrollboxSizeVal;
+		},
+
+		// Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+
+		// IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height
+		// set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values.
+		// Behavior in IE 9 is more subtle than in newer versions & it passes
+		// some versions of this test; make sure not to make it pass there!
+		//
+		// Support: Firefox 70+
+		// Only Firefox includes border widths
+		// in computed dimensions. (gh-4529)
+		reliableTrDimensions: function() {
+			var table, tr, trChild, trStyle;
+			if ( reliableTrDimensionsVal == null ) {
+				table = document.createElement( "table" );
+				tr = document.createElement( "tr" );
+				trChild = document.createElement( "div" );
+
+				table.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;border-collapse:separate";
+				tr.style.cssText = "border:1px solid";
+
+				// Support: Chrome 86+
+				// Height set through cssText does not get applied.
+				// Computed height then comes back as 0.
+				tr.style.height = "1px";
+				trChild.style.height = "9px";
+
+				// Support: Android 8 Chrome 86+
+				// In our bodyBackground.html iframe,
+				// display for all div elements is set to "inline",
+				// which causes a problem only in Android 8 Chrome 86.
+				// Ensuring the div is display: block
+				// gets around this issue.
+				trChild.style.display = "block";
+
+				documentElement
+					.appendChild( table )
+					.appendChild( tr )
+					.appendChild( trChild );
+
+				trStyle = window.getComputedStyle( tr );
+				reliableTrDimensionsVal = ( parseInt( trStyle.height, 10 ) +
+					parseInt( trStyle.borderTopWidth, 10 ) +
+					parseInt( trStyle.borderBottomWidth, 10 ) ) === tr.offsetHeight;
+
+				documentElement.removeChild( table );
+			}
+			return reliableTrDimensionsVal;
+		}
+	} );
+} )();
+
+
+function curCSS( elem, name, computed ) {
+	var width, minWidth, maxWidth, ret,
+
+		// Support: Firefox 51+
+		// Retrieving style before computed somehow
+		// fixes an issue with getting wrong values
+		// on detached elements
+		style = elem.style;
+
+	computed = computed || getStyles( elem );
+
+	// getPropertyValue is needed for:
+	//   .css('filter') (IE 9 only, #12537)
+	//   .css('--customProperty) (#3144)
+	if ( computed ) {
+		ret = computed.getPropertyValue( name ) || computed[ name ];
+
+		if ( ret === "" && !isAttached( elem ) ) {
+			ret = jQuery.style( elem, name );
+		}
+
+		// A tribute to the "awesome hack by Dean Edwards"
+		// Android Browser returns percentage for some values,
+		// but width seems to be reliably pixels.
+		// This is against the CSSOM draft spec:
+		// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#resolved-values
+		if ( !support.pixelBoxStyles() && rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && rboxStyle.test( name ) ) {
+
+			// Remember the original values
+			width = style.width;
+			minWidth = style.minWidth;
+			maxWidth = style.maxWidth;
+
+			// Put in the new values to get a computed value out
+			style.minWidth = style.maxWidth = style.width = ret;
+			ret = computed.width;
+
+			// Revert the changed values
+			style.width = width;
+			style.minWidth = minWidth;
+			style.maxWidth = maxWidth;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ret !== undefined ?
+
+		// Support: IE <=9 - 11 only
+		// IE returns zIndex value as an integer.
+		ret + "" :
+		ret;
+}
+
+
+function addGetHookIf( conditionFn, hookFn ) {
+
+	// Define the hook, we'll check on the first run if it's really needed.
+	return {
+		get: function() {
+			if ( conditionFn() ) {
+
+				// Hook not needed (or it's not possible to use it due
+				// to missing dependency), remove it.
+				delete this.get;
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// Hook needed; redefine it so that the support test is not executed again.
+			return ( this.get = hookFn ).apply( this, arguments );
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+
+var cssPrefixes = [ "Webkit", "Moz", "ms" ],
+	emptyStyle = document.createElement( "div" ).style,
+	vendorProps = {};
+
+// Return a vendor-prefixed property or undefined
+function vendorPropName( name ) {
+
+	// Check for vendor prefixed names
+	var capName = name[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + name.slice( 1 ),
+		i = cssPrefixes.length;
+
+	while ( i-- ) {
+		name = cssPrefixes[ i ] + capName;
+		if ( name in emptyStyle ) {
+			return name;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Return a potentially-mapped jQuery.cssProps or vendor prefixed property
+function finalPropName( name ) {
+	var final = jQuery.cssProps[ name ] || vendorProps[ name ];
+
+	if ( final ) {
+		return final;
+	}
+	if ( name in emptyStyle ) {
+		return name;
+	}
+	return vendorProps[ name ] = vendorPropName( name ) || name;
+}
+
+
+var
+
+	// Swappable if display is none or starts with table
+	// except "table", "table-cell", or "table-caption"
+	// See here for display values: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/display
+	rdisplayswap = /^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/,
+	rcustomProp = /^--/,
+	cssShow = { position: "absolute", visibility: "hidden", display: "block" },
+	cssNormalTransform = {
+		letterSpacing: "0",
+		fontWeight: "400"
+	};
+
+function setPositiveNumber( _elem, value, subtract ) {
+
+	// Any relative (+/-) values have already been
+	// normalized at this point
+	var matches = rcssNum.exec( value );
+	return matches ?
+
+		// Guard against undefined "subtract", e.g., when used as in cssHooks
+		Math.max( 0, matches[ 2 ] - ( subtract || 0 ) ) + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) :
+		value;
+}
+
+function boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, box, isBorderBox, styles, computedVal ) {
+	var i = dimension === "width" ? 1 : 0,
+		extra = 0,
+		delta = 0;
+
+	// Adjustment may not be necessary
+	if ( box === ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ) ) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 ) {
+
+		// Both box models exclude margin
+		if ( box === "margin" ) {
+			delta += jQuery.css( elem, box + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );
+		}
+
+		// If we get here with a content-box, we're seeking "padding" or "border" or "margin"
+		if ( !isBorderBox ) {
+
+			// Add padding
+			delta += jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );
+
+			// For "border" or "margin", add border
+			if ( box !== "padding" ) {
+				delta += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles );
+
+			// But still keep track of it otherwise
+			} else {
+				extra += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles );
+			}
+
+		// If we get here with a border-box (content + padding + border), we're seeking "content" or
+		// "padding" or "margin"
+		} else {
+
+			// For "content", subtract padding
+			if ( box === "content" ) {
+				delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );
+			}
+
+			// For "content" or "padding", subtract border
+			if ( box !== "margin" ) {
+				delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles );
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Account for positive content-box scroll gutter when requested by providing computedVal
+	if ( !isBorderBox && computedVal >= 0 ) {
+
+		// offsetWidth/offsetHeight is a rounded sum of content, padding, scroll gutter, and border
+		// Assuming integer scroll gutter, subtract the rest and round down
+		delta += Math.max( 0, Math.ceil(
+			elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] -
+			computedVal -
+			delta -
+			extra -
+			0.5
+
+		// If offsetWidth/offsetHeight is unknown, then we can't determine content-box scroll gutter
+		// Use an explicit zero to avoid NaN (gh-3964)
+		) ) || 0;
+	}
+
+	return delta;
+}
+
+function getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ) {
+
+	// Start with computed style
+	var styles = getStyles( elem ),
+
+		// To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-4322).
+		// Fake content-box until we know it's needed to know the true value.
+		boxSizingNeeded = !support.boxSizingReliable() || extra,
+		isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded &&
+			jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box",
+		valueIsBorderBox = isBorderBox,
+
+		val = curCSS( elem, dimension, styles ),
+		offsetProp = "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 );
+
+	// Support: Firefox <=54
+	// Return a confounding non-pixel value or feign ignorance, as appropriate.
+	if ( rnumnonpx.test( val ) ) {
+		if ( !extra ) {
+			return val;
+		}
+		val = "auto";
+	}
+
+
+	// Support: IE 9 - 11 only
+	// Use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for when box sizing is unreliable.
+	// In those cases, the computed value can be trusted to be border-box.
+	if ( ( !support.boxSizingReliable() && isBorderBox ||
+
+		// Support: IE 10 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+
+		// IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height
+		// set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values.
+		// Interestingly, in some cases IE 9 doesn't suffer from this issue.
+		!support.reliableTrDimensions() && nodeName( elem, "tr" ) ||
+
+		// Fall back to offsetWidth/offsetHeight when value is "auto"
+		// This happens for inline elements with no explicit setting (gh-3571)
+		val === "auto" ||
+
+		// Support: Android <=4.1 - 4.3 only
+		// Also use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for misreported inline dimensions (gh-3602)
+		!parseFloat( val ) && jQuery.css( elem, "display", false, styles ) === "inline" ) &&
+
+		// Make sure the element is visible & connected
+		elem.getClientRects().length ) {
+
+		isBorderBox = jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box";
+
+		// Where available, offsetWidth/offsetHeight approximate border box dimensions.
+		// Where not available (e.g., SVG), assume unreliable box-sizing and interpret the
+		// retrieved value as a content box dimension.
+		valueIsBorderBox = offsetProp in elem;
+		if ( valueIsBorderBox ) {
+			val = elem[ offsetProp ];
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Normalize "" and auto
+	val = parseFloat( val ) || 0;
+
+	// Adjust for the element's box model
+	return ( val +
+		boxModelAdjustment(
+			elem,
+			dimension,
+			extra || ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ),
+			valueIsBorderBox,
+			styles,
+
+			// Provide the current computed size to request scroll gutter calculation (gh-3589)
+			val
+		)
+	) + "px";
+}
+
+jQuery.extend( {
+
+	// Add in style property hooks for overriding the default
+	// behavior of getting and setting a style property
+	cssHooks: {
+		opacity: {
+			get: function( elem, computed ) {
+				if ( computed ) {
+
+					// We should always get a number back from opacity
+					var ret = curCSS( elem, "opacity" );
+					return ret === "" ? "1" : ret;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	},
+
+	// Don't automatically add "px" to these possibly-unitless properties
+	cssNumber: {
+		"animationIterationCount": true,
+		"columnCount": true,
+		"fillOpacity": true,
+		"flexGrow": true,
+		"flexShrink": true,
+		"fontWeight": true,
+		"gridArea": true,
+		"gridColumn": true,
+		"gridColumnEnd": true,
+		"gridColumnStart": true,
+		"gridRow": true,
+		"gridRowEnd": true,
+		"gridRowStart": true,
+		"lineHeight": true,
+		"opacity": true,
+		"order": true,
+		"orphans": true,
+		"widows": true,
+		"zIndex": true,
+		"zoom": true
+	},
+
+	// Add in properties whose names you wish to fix before
+	// setting or getting the value
+	cssProps: {},
+
+	// Get and set the style property on a DOM Node
+	style: function( elem, name, value, extra ) {
+
+		// Don't set styles on text and comment nodes
+		if ( !elem || elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 || !elem.style ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Make sure that we're working with the right name
+		var ret, type, hooks,
+			origName = camelCase( name ),
+			isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ),
+			style = elem.style;
+
+		// Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't
+		// want to query the value if it is a CSS custom property
+		// since they are user-defined.
+		if ( !isCustomProp ) {
+			name = finalPropName( origName );
+		}
+
+		// Gets hook for the prefixed version, then unprefixed version
+		hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ];
+
+		// Check if we're setting a value
+		if ( value !== undefined ) {
+			type = typeof value;
+
+			// Convert "+=" or "-=" to relative numbers (#7345)
+			if ( type === "string" && ( ret = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && ret[ 1 ] ) {
+				value = adjustCSS( elem, name, ret );
+
+				// Fixes bug #9237
+				type = "number";
+			}
+
+			// Make sure that null and NaN values aren't set (#7116)
+			if ( value == null || value !== value ) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// If a number was passed in, add the unit (except for certain CSS properties)
+			// The isCustomProp check can be removed in jQuery 4.0 when we only auto-append
+			// "px" to a few hardcoded values.
+			if ( type === "number" && !isCustomProp ) {
+				value += ret && ret[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ origName ] ? "" : "px" );
+			}
+
+			// background-* props affect original clone's values
+			if ( !support.clearCloneStyle && value === "" && name.indexOf( "background" ) === 0 ) {
+				style[ name ] = "inherit";
+			}
+
+			// If a hook was provided, use that value, otherwise just set the specified value
+			if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) ||
+				( value = hooks.set( elem, value, extra ) ) !== undefined ) {
+
+				if ( isCustomProp ) {
+					style.setProperty( name, value );
+				} else {
+					style[ name ] = value;
+				}
+			}
+
+		} else {
+
+			// If a hook was provided get the non-computed value from there
+			if ( hooks && "get" in hooks &&
+				( ret = hooks.get( elem, false, extra ) ) !== undefined ) {
+
+				return ret;
+			}
+
+			// Otherwise just get the value from the style object
+			return style[ name ];
+		}
+	},
+
+	css: function( elem, name, extra, styles ) {
+		var val, num, hooks,
+			origName = camelCase( name ),
+			isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name );
+
+		// Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't
+		// want to modify the value if it is a CSS custom property
+		// since they are user-defined.
+		if ( !isCustomProp ) {
+			name = finalPropName( origName );
+		}
+
+		// Try prefixed name followed by the unprefixed name
+		hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ];
+
+		// If a hook was provided get the computed value from there
+		if ( hooks && "get" in hooks ) {
+			val = hooks.get( elem, true, extra );
+		}
+
+		// Otherwise, if a way to get the computed value exists, use that
+		if ( val === undefined ) {
+			val = curCSS( elem, name, styles );
+		}
+
+		// Convert "normal" to computed value
+		if ( val === "normal" && name in cssNormalTransform ) {
+			val = cssNormalTransform[ name ];
+		}
+
+		// Make numeric if forced or a qualifier was provided and val looks numeric
+		if ( extra === "" || extra ) {
+			num = parseFloat( val );
+			return extra === true || isFinite( num ) ? num || 0 : val;
+		}
+
+		return val;
+	}
+} );
+
+jQuery.each( [ "height", "width" ], function( _i, dimension ) {
+	jQuery.cssHooks[ dimension ] = {
+		get: function( elem, computed, extra ) {
+			if ( computed ) {
+
+				// Certain elements can have dimension info if we invisibly show them
+				// but it must have a current display style that would benefit
+				return rdisplayswap.test( jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) ) &&
+
+					// Support: Safari 8+
+					// Table columns in Safari have non-zero offsetWidth & zero
+					// getBoundingClientRect().width unless display is changed.
+					// Support: IE <=11 only
+					// Running getBoundingClientRect on a disconnected node
+					// in IE throws an error.
+					( !elem.getClientRects().length || !elem.getBoundingClientRect().width ) ?
+					swap( elem, cssShow, function() {
+						return getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra );
+					} ) :
+					getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra );
+			}
+		},
+
+		set: function( elem, value, extra ) {
+			var matches,
+				styles = getStyles( elem ),
+
+				// Only read styles.position if the test has a chance to fail
+				// to avoid forcing a reflow.
+				scrollboxSizeBuggy = !support.scrollboxSize() &&
+					styles.position === "absolute",
+
+				// To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-3991)
+				boxSizingNeeded = scrollboxSizeBuggy || extra,
+				isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded &&
+					jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box",
+				subtract = extra ?
+					boxModelAdjustment(
+						elem,
+						dimension,
+						extra,
+						isBorderBox,
+						styles
+					) :
+					0;
+
+			// Account for unreliable border-box dimensions by comparing offset* to computed and
+			// faking a content-box to get border and padding (gh-3699)
+			if ( isBorderBox && scrollboxSizeBuggy ) {
+				subtract -= Math.ceil(
+					elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] -
+					parseFloat( styles[ dimension ] ) -
+					boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, "border", false, styles ) -
+					0.5
+				);
+			}
+
+			// Convert to pixels if value adjustment is needed
+			if ( subtract && ( matches = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) &&
+				( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) !== "px" ) {
+
+				elem.style[ dimension ] = value;
+				value = jQuery.css( elem, dimension );
+			}
+
+			return setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract );
+		}
+	};
+} );
+
+jQuery.cssHooks.marginLeft = addGetHookIf( support.reliableMarginLeft,
+	function( elem, computed ) {
+		if ( computed ) {
+			return ( parseFloat( curCSS( elem, "marginLeft" ) ) ||
+				elem.getBoundingClientRect().left -
+					swap( elem, { marginLeft: 0 }, function() {
+						return elem.getBoundingClientRect().left;
+					} )
+			) + "px";
+		}
+	}
+);
+
+// These hooks are used by animate to expand properties
+jQuery.each( {
+	margin: "",
+	padding: "",
+	border: "Width"
+}, function( prefix, suffix ) {
+	jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ] = {
+		expand: function( value ) {
+			var i = 0,
+				expanded = {},
+
+				// Assumes a single number if not a string
+				parts = typeof value === "string" ? value.split( " " ) : [ value ];
+
+			for ( ; i < 4; i++ ) {
+				expanded[ prefix + cssExpand[ i ] + suffix ] =
+					parts[ i ] || parts[ i - 2 ] || parts[ 0 ];
+			}
+
+			return expanded;
+		}
+	};
+
+	if ( prefix !== "margin" ) {
+		jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ].set = setPositiveNumber;
+	}
+} );
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+	css: function( name, value ) {
+		return access( this, function( elem, name, value ) {
+			var styles, len,
+				map = {},
+				i = 0;
+
+			if ( Array.isArray( name ) ) {
+				styles = getStyles( elem );
+				len = name.length;
+
+				for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
+					map[ name[ i ] ] = jQuery.css( elem, name[ i ], false, styles );
+				}
+
+				return map;
+			}
+
+			return value !== undefined ?
+				jQuery.style( elem, name, value ) :
+				jQuery.css( elem, name );
+		}, name, value, arguments.length > 1 );
+	}
+} );
+
+
+function Tween( elem, options, prop, end, easing ) {
+	return new Tween.prototype.init( elem, options, prop, end, easing );
+}
+jQuery.Tween = Tween;
+
+Tween.prototype = {
+	constructor: Tween,
+	init: function( elem, options, prop, end, easing, unit ) {
+		this.elem = elem;
+		this.prop = prop;
+		this.easing = easing || jQuery.easing._default;
+		this.options = options;
+		this.start = this.now = this.cur();
+		this.end = end;
+		this.unit = unit || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" );
+	},
+	cur: function() {
+		var hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ];
+
+		return hooks && hooks.get ?
+			hooks.get( this ) :
+			Tween.propHooks._default.get( this );
+	},
+	run: function( percent ) {
+		var eased,
+			hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ];
+
+		if ( this.options.duration ) {
+			this.pos = eased = jQuery.easing[ this.easing ](
+				percent, this.options.duration * percent, 0, 1, this.options.duration
+			);
+		} else {
+			this.pos = eased = percent;
+		}
+		this.now = ( this.end - this.start ) * eased + this.start;
+
+		if ( this.options.step ) {
+			this.options.step.call( this.elem, this.now, this );
+		}
+
+		if ( hooks && hooks.set ) {
+			hooks.set( this );
+		} else {
+			Tween.propHooks._default.set( this );
+		}
+		return this;
+	}
+};
+
+Tween.prototype.init.prototype = Tween.prototype;
+
+Tween.propHooks = {
+	_default: {
+		get: function( tween ) {
+			var result;
+
+			// Use a property on the element directly when it is not a DOM element,
+			// or when there is no matching style property that exists.
+			if ( tween.elem.nodeType !== 1 ||
+				tween.elem[ tween.prop ] != null && tween.elem.style[ tween.prop ] == null ) {
+				return tween.elem[ tween.prop ];
+			}
+
+			// Passing an empty string as a 3rd parameter to .css will automatically
+			// attempt a parseFloat and fallback to a string if the parse fails.
+			// Simple values such as "10px" are parsed to Float;
+			// complex values such as "rotate(1rad)" are returned as-is.
+			result = jQuery.css( tween.elem, tween.prop, "" );
+
+			// Empty strings, null, undefined and "auto" are converted to 0.
+			return !result || result === "auto" ? 0 : result;
+		},
+		set: function( tween ) {
+
+			// Use step hook for back compat.
+			// Use cssHook if its there.
+			// Use .style if available and use plain properties where available.
+			if ( jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ] ) {
+				jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ]( tween );
+			} else if ( tween.elem.nodeType === 1 && (
+				jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] ||
+					tween.elem.style[ finalPropName( tween.prop ) ] != null ) ) {
+				jQuery.style( tween.elem, tween.prop, tween.now + tween.unit );
+			} else {
+				tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+// Support: IE <=9 only
+// Panic based approach to setting things on disconnected nodes
+Tween.propHooks.scrollTop = Tween.propHooks.scrollLeft = {
+	set: function( tween ) {
+		if ( tween.elem.nodeType && tween.elem.parentNode ) {
+			tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now;
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+jQuery.easing = {
+	linear: function( p ) {
+		return p;
+	},
+	swing: function( p ) {
+		return 0.5 - Math.cos( p * Math.PI ) / 2;
+	},
+	_default: "swing"
+};
+
+jQuery.fx = Tween.prototype.init;
+
+// Back compat <1.8 extension point
+jQuery.fx.step = {};
+
+
+
+
+var
+	fxNow, inProgress,
+	rfxtypes = /^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/,
+	rrun = /queueHooks$/;
+
+function schedule() {
+	if ( inProgress ) {
+		if ( document.hidden === false && window.requestAnimationFrame ) {
+			window.requestAnimationFrame( schedule );
+		} else {
+			window.setTimeout( schedule, jQuery.fx.interval );
+		}
+
+		jQuery.fx.tick();
+	}
+}
+
+// Animations created synchronously will run synchronously
+function createFxNow() {
+	window.setTimeout( function() {
+		fxNow = undefined;
+	} );
+	return ( fxNow = Date.now() );
+}
+
+// Generate parameters to create a standard animation
+function genFx( type, includeWidth ) {
+	var which,
+		i = 0,
+		attrs = { height: type };
+
+	// If we include width, step value is 1 to do all cssExpand values,
+	// otherwise step value is 2 to skip over Left and Right
+	includeWidth = includeWidth ? 1 : 0;
+	for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 - includeWidth ) {
+		which = cssExpand[ i ];
+		attrs[ "margin" + which ] = attrs[ "padding" + which ] = type;
+	}
+
+	if ( includeWidth ) {
+		attrs.opacity = attrs.width = type;
+	}
+
+	return attrs;
+}
+
+function createTween( value, prop, animation ) {
+	var tween,
+		collection = ( Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || [] ).concat( Animation.tweeners[ "*" ] ),
+		index = 0,
+		length = collection.length;
+	for ( ; index < length; index++ ) {
+		if ( ( tween = collection[ index ].call( animation, prop, value ) ) ) {
+
+			// We're done with this property
+			return tween;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+function defaultPrefilter( elem, props, opts ) {
+	var prop, value, toggle, hooks, oldfire, propTween, restoreDisplay, display,
+		isBox = "width" in props || "height" in props,
+		anim = this,
+		orig = {},
+		style = elem.style,
+		hidden = elem.nodeType && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ),
+		dataShow = dataPriv.get( elem, "fxshow" );
+
+	// Queue-skipping animations hijack the fx hooks
+	if ( !opts.queue ) {
+		hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, "fx" );
+		if ( hooks.unqueued == null ) {
+			hooks.unqueued = 0;
+			oldfire = hooks.empty.fire;
+			hooks.empty.fire = function() {
+				if ( !hooks.unqueued ) {
+					oldfire();
+				}
+			};
+		}
+		hooks.unqueued++;
+
+		anim.always( function() {
+
+			// Ensure the complete handler is called before this completes
+			anim.always( function() {
+				hooks.unqueued--;
+				if ( !jQuery.queue( elem, "fx" ).length ) {
+					hooks.empty.fire();
+				}
+			} );
+		} );
+	}
+
+	// Detect show/hide animations
+	for ( prop in props ) {
+		value = props[ prop ];
+		if ( rfxtypes.test( value ) ) {
+			delete props[ prop ];
+			toggle = toggle || value === "toggle";
+			if ( value === ( hidden ? "hide" : "show" ) ) {
+
+				// Pretend to be hidden if this is a "show" and
+				// there is still data from a stopped show/hide
+				if ( value === "show" && dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] !== undefined ) {
+					hidden = true;
+
+				// Ignore all other no-op show/hide data
+				} else {
+					continue;
+				}
+			}
+			orig[ prop ] = dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] || jQuery.style( elem, prop );
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Bail out if this is a no-op like .hide().hide()
+	propTween = !jQuery.isEmptyObject( props );
+	if ( !propTween && jQuery.isEmptyObject( orig ) ) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Restrict "overflow" and "display" styles during box animations
+	if ( isBox && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
+
+		// Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15
+		// Record all 3 overflow attributes because IE does not infer the shorthand
+		// from identically-valued overflowX and overflowY and Edge just mirrors
+		// the overflowX value there.
+		opts.overflow = [ style.overflow, style.overflowX, style.overflowY ];
+
+		// Identify a display type, preferring old show/hide data over the CSS cascade
+		restoreDisplay = dataShow && dataShow.display;
+		if ( restoreDisplay == null ) {
+			restoreDisplay = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" );
+		}
+		display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" );
+		if ( display === "none" ) {
+			if ( restoreDisplay ) {
+				display = restoreDisplay;
+			} else {
+
+				// Get nonempty value(s) by temporarily forcing visibility
+				showHide( [ elem ], true );
+				restoreDisplay = elem.style.display || restoreDisplay;
+				display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" );
+				showHide( [ elem ] );
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Animate inline elements as inline-block
+		if ( display === "inline" || display === "inline-block" && restoreDisplay != null ) {
+			if ( jQuery.css( elem, "float" ) === "none" ) {
+
+				// Restore the original display value at the end of pure show/hide animations
+				if ( !propTween ) {
+					anim.done( function() {
+						style.display = restoreDisplay;
+					} );
+					if ( restoreDisplay == null ) {
+						display = style.display;
+						restoreDisplay = display === "none" ? "" : display;
+					}
+				}
+				style.display = "inline-block";
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( opts.overflow ) {
+		style.overflow = "hidden";
+		anim.always( function() {
+			style.overflow = opts.overflow[ 0 ];
+			style.overflowX = opts.overflow[ 1 ];
+			style.overflowY = opts.overflow[ 2 ];
+		} );
+	}
+
+	// Implement show/hide animations
+	propTween = false;
+	for ( prop in orig ) {
+
+		// General show/hide setup for this element animation
+		if ( !propTween ) {
+			if ( dataShow ) {
+				if ( "hidden" in dataShow ) {
+					hidden = dataShow.hidden;
+				}
+			} else {
+				dataShow = dataPriv.access( elem, "fxshow", { display: restoreDisplay } );
+			}
+
+			// Store hidden/visible for toggle so `.stop().toggle()` "reverses"
+			if ( toggle ) {
+				dataShow.hidden = !hidden;
+			}
+
+			// Show elements before animating them
+			if ( hidden ) {
+				showHide( [ elem ], true );
+			}
+
+			/* eslint-disable no-loop-func */
+
+			anim.done( function() {
+
+				/* eslint-enable no-loop-func */
+
+				// The final step of a "hide" animation is actually hiding the element
+				if ( !hidden ) {
+					showHide( [ elem ] );
+				}
+				dataPriv.remove( elem, "fxshow" );
+				for ( prop in orig ) {
+					jQuery.style( elem, prop, orig[ prop ] );
+				}
+			} );
+		}
+
+		// Per-property setup
+		propTween = createTween( hidden ? dataShow[ prop ] : 0, prop, anim );
+		if ( !( prop in dataShow ) ) {
+			dataShow[ prop ] = propTween.start;
+			if ( hidden ) {
+				propTween.end = propTween.start;
+				propTween.start = 0;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+function propFilter( props, specialEasing ) {
+	var index, name, easing, value, hooks;
+
+	// camelCase, specialEasing and expand cssHook pass
+	for ( index in props ) {
+		name = camelCase( index );
+		easing = specialEasing[ name ];
+		value = props[ index ];
+		if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) {
+			easing = value[ 1 ];
+			value = props[ index ] = value[ 0 ];
+		}
+
+		if ( index !== name ) {
+			props[ name ] = value;
+			delete props[ index ];
+		}
+
+		hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ];
+		if ( hooks && "expand" in hooks ) {
+			value = hooks.expand( value );
+			delete props[ name ];
+
+			// Not quite $.extend, this won't overwrite existing keys.
+			// Reusing 'index' because we have the correct "name"
+			for ( index in value ) {
+				if ( !( index in props ) ) {
+					props[ index ] = value[ index ];
+					specialEasing[ index ] = easing;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			specialEasing[ name ] = easing;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+function Animation( elem, properties, options ) {
+	var result,
+		stopped,
+		index = 0,
+		length = Animation.prefilters.length,
+		deferred = jQuery.Deferred().always( function() {
+
+			// Don't match elem in the :animated selector
+			delete tick.elem;
+		} ),
+		tick = function() {
+			if ( stopped ) {
+				return false;
+			}
+			var currentTime = fxNow || createFxNow(),
+				remaining = Math.max( 0, animation.startTime + animation.duration - currentTime ),
+
+				// Support: Android 2.3 only
+				// Archaic crash bug won't allow us to use `1 - ( 0.5 || 0 )` (#12497)
+				temp = remaining / animation.duration || 0,
+				percent = 1 - temp,
+				index = 0,
+				length = animation.tweens.length;
+
+			for ( ; index < length; index++ ) {
+				animation.tweens[ index ].run( percent );
+			}
+
+			deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, percent, remaining ] );
+
+			// If there's more to do, yield
+			if ( percent < 1 && length ) {
+				return remaining;
+			}
+
+			// If this was an empty animation, synthesize a final progress notification
+			if ( !length ) {
+				deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] );
+			}
+
+			// Resolve the animation and report its conclusion
+			deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation ] );
+			return false;
+		},
+		animation = deferred.promise( {
+			elem: elem,
+			props: jQuery.extend( {}, properties ),
+			opts: jQuery.extend( true, {
+				specialEasing: {},
+				easing: jQuery.easing._default
+			}, options ),
+			originalProperties: properties,
+			originalOptions: options,
+			startTime: fxNow || createFxNow(),
+			duration: options.duration,
+			tweens: [],
+			createTween: function( prop, end ) {
+				var tween = jQuery.Tween( elem, animation.opts, prop, end,
+					animation.opts.specialEasing[ prop ] || animation.opts.easing );
+				animation.tweens.push( tween );
+				return tween;
+			},
+			stop: function( gotoEnd ) {
+				var index = 0,
+
+					// If we are going to the end, we want to run all the tweens
+					// otherwise we skip this part
+					length = gotoEnd ? animation.tweens.length : 0;
+				if ( stopped ) {
+					return this;
+				}
+				stopped = true;
+				for ( ; index < length; index++ ) {
+					animation.tweens[ index ].run( 1 );
+				}
+
+				// Resolve when we played the last frame; otherwise, reject
+				if ( gotoEnd ) {
+					deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] );
+					deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] );
+				} else {
+					deferred.rejectWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] );
+				}
+				return this;
+			}
+		} ),
+		props = animation.props;
+
+	propFilter( props, animation.opts.specialEasing );
+
+	for ( ; index < length; index++ ) {
+		result = Animation.prefilters[ index ].call( animation, elem, props, animation.opts );
+		if ( result ) {
+			if ( isFunction( result.stop ) ) {
+				jQuery._queueHooks( animation.elem, animation.opts.queue ).stop =
+					result.stop.bind( result );
+			}
+			return result;
+		}
+	}
+
+	jQuery.map( props, createTween, animation );
+
+	if ( isFunction( animation.opts.start ) ) {
+		animation.opts.start.call( elem, animation );
+	}
+
+	// Attach callbacks from options
+	animation
+		.progress( animation.opts.progress )
+		.done( animation.opts.done, animation.opts.complete )
+		.fail( animation.opts.fail )
+		.always( animation.opts.always );
+
+	jQuery.fx.timer(
+		jQuery.extend( tick, {
+			elem: elem,
+			anim: animation,
+			queue: animation.opts.queue
+		} )
+	);
+
+	return animation;
+}
+
+jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend( Animation, {
+
+	tweeners: {
+		"*": [ function( prop, value ) {
+			var tween = this.createTween( prop, value );
+			adjustCSS( tween.elem, prop, rcssNum.exec( value ), tween );
+			return tween;
+		} ]
+	},
+
+	tweener: function( props, callback ) {
+		if ( isFunction( props ) ) {
+			callback = props;
+			props = [ "*" ];
+		} else {
+			props = props.match( rnothtmlwhite );
+		}
+
+		var prop,
+			index = 0,
+			length = props.length;
+
+		for ( ; index < length; index++ ) {
+			prop = props[ index ];
+			Animation.tweeners[ prop ] = Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || [];
+			Animation.tweeners[ prop ].unshift( callback );
+		}
+	},
+
+	prefilters: [ defaultPrefilter ],
+
+	prefilter: function( callback, prepend ) {
+		if ( prepend ) {
+			Animation.prefilters.unshift( callback );
+		} else {
+			Animation.prefilters.push( callback );
+		}
+	}
+} );
+
+jQuery.speed = function( speed, easing, fn ) {
+	var opt = speed && typeof speed === "object" ? jQuery.extend( {}, speed ) : {
+		complete: fn || !fn && easing ||
+			isFunction( speed ) && speed,
+		duration: speed,
+		easing: fn && easing || easing && !isFunction( easing ) && easing
+	};
+
+	// Go to the end state if fx are off
+	if ( jQuery.fx.off ) {
+		opt.duration = 0;
+
+	} else {
+		if ( typeof opt.duration !== "number" ) {
+			if ( opt.duration in jQuery.fx.speeds ) {
+				opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds[ opt.duration ];
+
+			} else {
+				opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds._default;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Normalize opt.queue - true/undefined/null -> "fx"
+	if ( opt.queue == null || opt.queue === true ) {
+		opt.queue = "fx";
+	}
+
+	// Queueing
+	opt.old = opt.complete;
+
+	opt.complete = function() {
+		if ( isFunction( opt.old ) ) {
+			opt.old.call( this );
+		}
+
+		if ( opt.queue ) {
+			jQuery.dequeue( this, opt.queue );
+		}
+	};
+
+	return opt;
+};
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+	fadeTo: function( speed, to, easing, callback ) {
+
+		// Show any hidden elements after setting opacity to 0
+		return this.filter( isHiddenWithinTree ).css( "opacity", 0 ).show()
+
+			// Animate to the value specified
+			.end().animate( { opacity: to }, speed, easing, callback );
+	},
+	animate: function( prop, speed, easing, callback ) {
+		var empty = jQuery.isEmptyObject( prop ),
+			optall = jQuery.speed( speed, easing, callback ),
+			doAnimation = function() {
+
+				// Operate on a copy of prop so per-property easing won't be lost
+				var anim = Animation( this, jQuery.extend( {}, prop ), optall );
+
+				// Empty animations, or finishing resolves immediately
+				if ( empty || dataPriv.get( this, "finish" ) ) {
+					anim.stop( true );
+				}
+			};
+
+		doAnimation.finish = doAnimation;
+
+		return empty || optall.queue === false ?
+			this.each( doAnimation ) :
+			this.queue( optall.queue, doAnimation );
+	},
+	stop: function( type, clearQueue, gotoEnd ) {
+		var stopQueue = function( hooks ) {
+			var stop = hooks.stop;
+			delete hooks.stop;
+			stop( gotoEnd );
+		};
+
+		if ( typeof type !== "string" ) {
+			gotoEnd = clearQueue;
+			clearQueue = type;
+			type = undefined;
+		}
+		if ( clearQueue ) {
+			this.queue( type || "fx", [] );
+		}
+
+		return this.each( function() {
+			var dequeue = true,
+				index = type != null && type + "queueHooks",
+				timers = jQuery.timers,
+				data = dataPriv.get( this );
+
+			if ( index ) {
+				if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop ) {
+					stopQueue( data[ index ] );
+				}
+			} else {
+				for ( index in data ) {
+					if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop && rrun.test( index ) ) {
+						stopQueue( data[ index ] );
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) {
+				if ( timers[ index ].elem === this &&
+					( type == null || timers[ index ].queue === type ) ) {
+
+					timers[ index ].anim.stop( gotoEnd );
+					dequeue = false;
+					timers.splice( index, 1 );
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Start the next in the queue if the last step wasn't forced.
+			// Timers currently will call their complete callbacks, which
+			// will dequeue but only if they were gotoEnd.
+			if ( dequeue || !gotoEnd ) {
+				jQuery.dequeue( this, type );
+			}
+		} );
+	},
+	finish: function( type ) {
+		if ( type !== false ) {
+			type = type || "fx";
+		}
+		return this.each( function() {
+			var index,
+				data = dataPriv.get( this ),
+				queue = data[ type + "queue" ],
+				hooks = data[ type + "queueHooks" ],
+				timers = jQuery.timers,
+				length = queue ? queue.length : 0;
+
+			// Enable finishing flag on private data
+			data.finish = true;
+
+			// Empty the queue first
+			jQuery.queue( this, type, [] );
+
+			if ( hooks && hooks.stop ) {
+				hooks.stop.call( this, true );
+			}
+
+			// Look for any active animations, and finish them
+			for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) {
+				if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && timers[ index ].queue === type ) {
+					timers[ index ].anim.stop( true );
+					timers.splice( index, 1 );
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Look for any animations in the old queue and finish them
+			for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) {
+				if ( queue[ index ] && queue[ index ].finish ) {
+					queue[ index ].finish.call( this );
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Turn off finishing flag
+			delete data.finish;
+		} );
+	}
+} );
+
+jQuery.each( [ "toggle", "show", "hide" ], function( _i, name ) {
+	var cssFn = jQuery.fn[ name ];
+	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) {
+		return speed == null || typeof speed === "boolean" ?
+			cssFn.apply( this, arguments ) :
+			this.animate( genFx( name, true ), speed, easing, callback );
+	};
+} );
+
+// Generate shortcuts for custom animations
+jQuery.each( {
+	slideDown: genFx( "show" ),
+	slideUp: genFx( "hide" ),
+	slideToggle: genFx( "toggle" ),
+	fadeIn: { opacity: "show" },
+	fadeOut: { opacity: "hide" },
+	fadeToggle: { opacity: "toggle" }
+}, function( name, props ) {
+	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) {
+		return this.animate( props, speed, easing, callback );
+	};
+} );
+
+jQuery.timers = [];
+jQuery.fx.tick = function() {
+	var timer,
+		i = 0,
+		timers = jQuery.timers;
+
+	fxNow = Date.now();
+
+	for ( ; i < timers.length; i++ ) {
+		timer = timers[ i ];
+
+		// Run the timer and safely remove it when done (allowing for external removal)
+		if ( !timer() && timers[ i ] === timer ) {
+			timers.splice( i--, 1 );
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( !timers.length ) {
+		jQuery.fx.stop();
+	}
+	fxNow = undefined;
+};
+
+jQuery.fx.timer = function( timer ) {
+	jQuery.timers.push( timer );
+	jQuery.fx.start();
+};
+
+jQuery.fx.interval = 13;
+jQuery.fx.start = function() {
+	if ( inProgress ) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	inProgress = true;
+	schedule();
+};
+
+jQuery.fx.stop = function() {
+	inProgress = null;
+};
+
+jQuery.fx.speeds = {
+	slow: 600,
+	fast: 200,
+
+	// Default speed
+	_default: 400
+};
+
+
+// Based off of the plugin by Clint Helfers, with permission.
+// https://web.archive.org/web/20100324014747/http://blindsignals.com/index.php/2009/07/jquery-delay/
+jQuery.fn.delay = function( time, type ) {
+	time = jQuery.fx ? jQuery.fx.speeds[ time ] || time : time;
+	type = type || "fx";
+
+	return this.queue( type, function( next, hooks ) {
+		var timeout = window.setTimeout( next, time );
+		hooks.stop = function() {
+			window.clearTimeout( timeout );
+		};
+	} );
+};
+
+
+( function() {
+	var input = document.createElement( "input" ),
+		select = document.createElement( "select" ),
+		opt = select.appendChild( document.createElement( "option" ) );
+
+	input.type = "checkbox";
+
+	// Support: Android <=4.3 only
+	// Default value for a checkbox should be "on"
+	support.checkOn = input.value !== "";
+
+	// Support: IE <=11 only
+	// Must access selectedIndex to make default options select
+	support.optSelected = opt.selected;
+
+	// Support: IE <=11 only
+	// An input loses its value after becoming a radio
+	input = document.createElement( "input" );
+	input.value = "t";
+	input.type = "radio";
+	support.radioValue = input.value === "t";
+} )();
+
+
+var boolHook,
+	attrHandle = jQuery.expr.attrHandle;
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+	attr: function( name, value ) {
+		return access( this, jQuery.attr, name, value, arguments.length > 1 );
+	},
+
+	removeAttr: function( name ) {
+		return this.each( function() {
+			jQuery.removeAttr( this, name );
+		} );
+	}
+} );
+
+jQuery.extend( {
+	attr: function( elem, name, value ) {
+		var ret, hooks,
+			nType = elem.nodeType;
+
+		// Don't get/set attributes on text, comment and attribute nodes
+		if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Fallback to prop when attributes are not supported
+		if ( typeof elem.getAttribute === "undefined" ) {
+			return jQuery.prop( elem, name, value );
+		}
+
+		// Attribute hooks are determined by the lowercase version
+		// Grab necessary hook if one is defined
+		if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) {
+			hooks = jQuery.attrHooks[ name.toLowerCase() ] ||
+				( jQuery.expr.match.bool.test( name ) ? boolHook : undefined );
+		}
+
+		if ( value !== undefined ) {
+			if ( value === null ) {
+				jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name );
+				return;
+			}
+
+			if ( hooks && "set" in hooks &&
+				( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) {
+				return ret;
+			}
+
+			elem.setAttribute( name, value + "" );
+			return value;
+		}
+
+		if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		ret = jQuery.find.attr( elem, name );
+
+		// Non-existent attributes return null, we normalize to undefined
+		return ret == null ? undefined : ret;
+	},
+
+	attrHooks: {
+		type: {
+			set: function( elem, value ) {
+				if ( !support.radioValue && value === "radio" &&
+					nodeName( elem, "input" ) ) {
+					var val = elem.value;
+					elem.setAttribute( "type", value );
+					if ( val ) {
+						elem.value = val;
+					}
+					return value;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	},
+
+	removeAttr: function( elem, value ) {
+		var name,
+			i = 0,
+
+			// Attribute names can contain non-HTML whitespace characters
+			// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#attributes-2
+			attrNames = value && value.match( rnothtmlwhite );
+
+		if ( attrNames && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
+			while ( ( name = attrNames[ i++ ] ) ) {
+				elem.removeAttribute( name );
+			}
+		}
+	}
+} );
+
+// Hooks for boolean attributes
+boolHook = {
+	set: function( elem, value, name ) {
+		if ( value === false ) {
+
+			// Remove boolean attributes when set to false
+			jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name );
+		} else {
+			elem.setAttribute( name, name );
+		}
+		return name;
+	}
+};
+
+jQuery.each( jQuery.expr.match.bool.source.match( /\w+/g ), function( _i, name ) {
+	var getter = attrHandle[ name ] || jQuery.find.attr;
+
+	attrHandle[ name ] = function( elem, name, isXML ) {
+		var ret, handle,
+			lowercaseName = name.toLowerCase();
+
+		if ( !isXML ) {
+
+			// Avoid an infinite loop by temporarily removing this function from the getter
+			handle = attrHandle[ lowercaseName ];
+			attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = ret;
+			ret = getter( elem, name, isXML ) != null ?
+				lowercaseName :
+				null;
+			attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = handle;
+		}
+		return ret;
+	};
+} );
+
+
+
+
+var rfocusable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i,
+	rclickable = /^(?:a|area)$/i;
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+	prop: function( name, value ) {
+		return access( this, jQuery.prop, name, value, arguments.length > 1 );
+	},
+
+	removeProp: function( name ) {
+		return this.each( function() {
+			delete this[ jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name ];
+		} );
+	}
+} );
+
+jQuery.extend( {
+	prop: function( elem, name, value ) {
+		var ret, hooks,
+			nType = elem.nodeType;
+
+		// Don't get/set properties on text, comment and attribute nodes
+		if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) {
+
+			// Fix name and attach hooks
+			name = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name;
+			hooks = jQuery.propHooks[ name ];
+		}
+
+		if ( value !== undefined ) {
+			if ( hooks && "set" in hooks &&
+				( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) {
+				return ret;
+			}
+
+			return ( elem[ name ] = value );
+		}
+
+		if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		return elem[ name ];
+	},
+
+	propHooks: {
+		tabIndex: {
+			get: function( elem ) {
+
+				// Support: IE <=9 - 11 only
+				// elem.tabIndex doesn't always return the
+				// correct value when it hasn't been explicitly set
+				// https://web.archive.org/web/20141116233347/http://fluidproject.org/blog/2008/01/09/getting-setting-and-removing-tabindex-values-with-javascript/
+				// Use proper attribute retrieval(#12072)
+				var tabindex = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "tabindex" );
+
+				if ( tabindex ) {
+					return parseInt( tabindex, 10 );
+				}
+
+				if (
+					rfocusable.test( elem.nodeName ) ||
+					rclickable.test( elem.nodeName ) &&
+					elem.href
+				) {
+					return 0;
+				}
+
+				return -1;
+			}
+		}
+	},
+
+	propFix: {
+		"for": "htmlFor",
+		"class": "className"
+	}
+} );
+
+// Support: IE <=11 only
+// Accessing the selectedIndex property
+// forces the browser to respect setting selected
+// on the option
+// The getter ensures a default option is selected
+// when in an optgroup
+// eslint rule "no-unused-expressions" is disabled for this code
+// since it considers such accessions noop
+if ( !support.optSelected ) {
+	jQuery.propHooks.selected = {
+		get: function( elem ) {
+
+			/* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */
+
+			var parent = elem.parentNode;
+			if ( parent && parent.parentNode ) {
+				parent.parentNode.selectedIndex;
+			}
+			return null;
+		},
+		set: function( elem ) {
+
+			/* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */
+
+			var parent = elem.parentNode;
+			if ( parent ) {
+				parent.selectedIndex;
+
+				if ( parent.parentNode ) {
+					parent.parentNode.selectedIndex;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+jQuery.each( [
+	"tabIndex",
+	"readOnly",
+	"maxLength",
+	"cellSpacing",
+	"cellPadding",
+	"rowSpan",
+	"colSpan",
+	"useMap",
+	"frameBorder",
+	"contentEditable"
+], function() {
+	jQuery.propFix[ this.toLowerCase() ] = this;
+} );
+
+
+
+
+	// Strip and collapse whitespace according to HTML spec
+	// https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-ascii-whitespace
+	function stripAndCollapse( value ) {
+		var tokens = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [];
+		return tokens.join( " " );
+	}
+
+
+function getClass( elem ) {
+	return elem.getAttribute && elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || "";
+}
+
+function classesToArray( value ) {
+	if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) {
+		return value;
+	}
+	if ( typeof value === "string" ) {
+		return value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [];
+	}
+	return [];
+}
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+	addClass: function( value ) {
+		var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue,
+			i = 0;
+
+		if ( isFunction( value ) ) {
+			return this.each( function( j ) {
+				jQuery( this ).addClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) );
+			} );
+		}
+
+		classes = classesToArray( value );
+
+		if ( classes.length ) {
+			while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) {
+				curValue = getClass( elem );
+				cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " );
+
+				if ( cur ) {
+					j = 0;
+					while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) {
+						if ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) < 0 ) {
+							cur += clazz + " ";
+						}
+					}
+
+					// Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering.
+					finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur );
+					if ( curValue !== finalValue ) {
+						elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue );
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this;
+	},
+
+	removeClass: function( value ) {
+		var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue,
+			i = 0;
+
+		if ( isFunction( value ) ) {
+			return this.each( function( j ) {
+				jQuery( this ).removeClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) );
+			} );
+		}
+
+		if ( !arguments.length ) {
+			return this.attr( "class", "" );
+		}
+
+		classes = classesToArray( value );
+
+		if ( classes.length ) {
+			while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) {
+				curValue = getClass( elem );
+
+				// This expression is here for better compressibility (see addClass)
+				cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " );
+
+				if ( cur ) {
+					j = 0;
+					while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) {
+
+						// Remove *all* instances
+						while ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) > -1 ) {
+							cur = cur.replace( " " + clazz + " ", " " );
+						}
+					}
+
+					// Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering.
+					finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur );
+					if ( curValue !== finalValue ) {
+						elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue );
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this;
+	},
+
+	toggleClass: function( value, stateVal ) {
+		var type = typeof value,
+			isValidValue = type === "string" || Array.isArray( value );
+
+		if ( typeof stateVal === "boolean" && isValidValue ) {
+			return stateVal ? this.addClass( value ) : this.removeClass( value );
+		}
+
+		if ( isFunction( value ) ) {
+			return this.each( function( i ) {
+				jQuery( this ).toggleClass(
+					value.call( this, i, getClass( this ), stateVal ),
+					stateVal
+				);
+			} );
+		}
+
+		return this.each( function() {
+			var className, i, self, classNames;
+
+			if ( isValidValue ) {
+
+				// Toggle individual class names
+				i = 0;
+				self = jQuery( this );
+				classNames = classesToArray( value );
+
+				while ( ( className = classNames[ i++ ] ) ) {
+
+					// Check each className given, space separated list
+					if ( self.hasClass( className ) ) {
+						self.removeClass( className );
+					} else {
+						self.addClass( className );
+					}
+				}
+
+			// Toggle whole class name
+			} else if ( value === undefined || type === "boolean" ) {
+				className = getClass( this );
+				if ( className ) {
+
+					// Store className if set
+					dataPriv.set( this, "__className__", className );
+				}
+
+				// If the element has a class name or if we're passed `false`,
+				// then remove the whole classname (if there was one, the above saved it).
+				// Otherwise bring back whatever was previously saved (if anything),
+				// falling back to the empty string if nothing was stored.
+				if ( this.setAttribute ) {
+					this.setAttribute( "class",
+						className || value === false ?
+							"" :
+							dataPriv.get( this, "__className__" ) || ""
+					);
+				}
+			}
+		} );
+	},
+
+	hasClass: function( selector ) {
+		var className, elem,
+			i = 0;
+
+		className = " " + selector + " ";
+		while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) {
+			if ( elem.nodeType === 1 &&
+				( " " + stripAndCollapse( getClass( elem ) ) + " " ).indexOf( className ) > -1 ) {
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return false;
+	}
+} );
+
+
+
+
+var rreturn = /\r/g;
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+	val: function( value ) {
+		var hooks, ret, valueIsFunction,
+			elem = this[ 0 ];
+
+		if ( !arguments.length ) {
+			if ( elem ) {
+				hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ elem.type ] ||
+					jQuery.valHooks[ elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ];
+
+				if ( hooks &&
+					"get" in hooks &&
+					( ret = hooks.get( elem, "value" ) ) !== undefined
+				) {
+					return ret;
+				}
+
+				ret = elem.value;
+
+				// Handle most common string cases
+				if ( typeof ret === "string" ) {
+					return ret.replace( rreturn, "" );
+				}
+
+				// Handle cases where value is null/undef or number
+				return ret == null ? "" : ret;
+			}
+
+			return;
+		}
+
+		valueIsFunction = isFunction( value );
+
+		return this.each( function( i ) {
+			var val;
+
+			if ( this.nodeType !== 1 ) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			if ( valueIsFunction ) {
+				val = value.call( this, i, jQuery( this ).val() );
+			} else {
+				val = value;
+			}
+
+			// Treat null/undefined as ""; convert numbers to string
+			if ( val == null ) {
+				val = "";
+
+			} else if ( typeof val === "number" ) {
+				val += "";
+
+			} else if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) {
+				val = jQuery.map( val, function( value ) {
+					return value == null ? "" : value + "";
+				} );
+			}
+
+			hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ this.type ] || jQuery.valHooks[ this.nodeName.toLowerCase() ];
+
+			// If set returns undefined, fall back to normal setting
+			if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || hooks.set( this, val, "value" ) === undefined ) {
+				this.value = val;
+			}
+		} );
+	}
+} );
+
+jQuery.extend( {
+	valHooks: {
+		option: {
+			get: function( elem ) {
+
+				var val = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "value" );
+				return val != null ?
+					val :
+
+					// Support: IE <=10 - 11 only
+					// option.text throws exceptions (#14686, #14858)
+					// Strip and collapse whitespace
+					// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-whitespace
+					stripAndCollapse( jQuery.text( elem ) );
+			}
+		},
+		select: {
+			get: function( elem ) {
+				var value, option, i,
+					options = elem.options,
+					index = elem.selectedIndex,
+					one = elem.type === "select-one",
+					values = one ? null : [],
+					max = one ? index + 1 : options.length;
+
+				if ( index < 0 ) {
+					i = max;
+
+				} else {
+					i = one ? index : 0;
+				}
+
+				// Loop through all the selected options
+				for ( ; i < max; i++ ) {
+					option = options[ i ];
+
+					// Support: IE <=9 only
+					// IE8-9 doesn't update selected after form reset (#2551)
+					if ( ( option.selected || i === index ) &&
+
+							// Don't return options that are disabled or in a disabled optgroup
+							!option.disabled &&
+							( !option.parentNode.disabled ||
+								!nodeName( option.parentNode, "optgroup" ) ) ) {
+
+						// Get the specific value for the option
+						value = jQuery( option ).val();
+
+						// We don't need an array for one selects
+						if ( one ) {
+							return value;
+						}
+
+						// Multi-Selects return an array
+						values.push( value );
+					}
+				}
+
+				return values;
+			},
+
+			set: function( elem, value ) {
+				var optionSet, option,
+					options = elem.options,
+					values = jQuery.makeArray( value ),
+					i = options.length;
+
+				while ( i-- ) {
+					option = options[ i ];
+
+					/* eslint-disable no-cond-assign */
+
+					if ( option.selected =
+						jQuery.inArray( jQuery.valHooks.option.get( option ), values ) > -1
+					) {
+						optionSet = true;
+					}
+
+					/* eslint-enable no-cond-assign */
+				}
+
+				// Force browsers to behave consistently when non-matching value is set
+				if ( !optionSet ) {
+					elem.selectedIndex = -1;
+				}
+				return values;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+} );
+
+// Radios and checkboxes getter/setter
+jQuery.each( [ "radio", "checkbox" ], function() {
+	jQuery.valHooks[ this ] = {
+		set: function( elem, value ) {
+			if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) {
+				return ( elem.checked = jQuery.inArray( jQuery( elem ).val(), value ) > -1 );
+			}
+		}
+	};
+	if ( !support.checkOn ) {
+		jQuery.valHooks[ this ].get = function( elem ) {
+			return elem.getAttribute( "value" ) === null ? "on" : elem.value;
+		};
+	}
+} );
+
+
+
+
+// Return jQuery for attributes-only inclusion
+
+
+support.focusin = "onfocusin" in window;
+
+
+var rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/,
+	stopPropagationCallback = function( e ) {
+		e.stopPropagation();
+	};
+
+jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, {
+
+	trigger: function( event, data, elem, onlyHandlers ) {
+
+		var i, cur, tmp, bubbleType, ontype, handle, special, lastElement,
+			eventPath = [ elem || document ],
+			type = hasOwn.call( event, "type" ) ? event.type : event,
+			namespaces = hasOwn.call( event, "namespace" ) ? event.namespace.split( "." ) : [];
+
+		cur = lastElement = tmp = elem = elem || document;
+
+		// Don't do events on text and comment nodes
+		if ( elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// focus/blur morphs to focusin/out; ensure we're not firing them right now
+		if ( rfocusMorph.test( type + jQuery.event.triggered ) ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if ( type.indexOf( "." ) > -1 ) {
+
+			// Namespaced trigger; create a regexp to match event type in handle()
+			namespaces = type.split( "." );
+			type = namespaces.shift();
+			namespaces.sort();
+		}
+		ontype = type.indexOf( ":" ) < 0 && "on" + type;
+
+		// Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string
+		event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ?
+			event :
+			new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event );
+
+		// Trigger bitmask: & 1 for native handlers; & 2 for jQuery (always true)
+		event.isTrigger = onlyHandlers ? 2 : 3;
+		event.namespace = namespaces.join( "." );
+		event.rnamespace = event.namespace ?
+			new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ) :
+			null;
+
+		// Clean up the event in case it is being reused
+		event.result = undefined;
+		if ( !event.target ) {
+			event.target = elem;
+		}
+
+		// Clone any incoming data and prepend the event, creating the handler arg list
+		data = data == null ?
+			[ event ] :
+			jQuery.makeArray( data, [ event ] );
+
+		// Allow special events to draw outside the lines
+		special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};
+		if ( !onlyHandlers && special.trigger && special.trigger.apply( elem, data ) === false ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951)
+		// Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724)
+		if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !isWindow( elem ) ) {
+
+			bubbleType = special.delegateType || type;
+			if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) {
+				cur = cur.parentNode;
+			}
+			for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) {
+				eventPath.push( cur );
+				tmp = cur;
+			}
+
+			// Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM)
+			if ( tmp === ( elem.ownerDocument || document ) ) {
+				eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window );
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Fire handlers on the event path
+		i = 0;
+		while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
+			lastElement = cur;
+			event.type = i > 1 ?
+				bubbleType :
+				special.bindType || type;
+
+			// jQuery handler
+			handle = ( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) )[ event.type ] &&
+				dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" );
+			if ( handle ) {
+				handle.apply( cur, data );
+			}
+
+			// Native handler
+			handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ];
+			if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) {
+				event.result = handle.apply( cur, data );
+				if ( event.result === false ) {
+					event.preventDefault();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		event.type = type;
+
+		// If nobody prevented the default action, do it now
+		if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ) {
+
+			if ( ( !special._default ||
+				special._default.apply( eventPath.pop(), data ) === false ) &&
+				acceptData( elem ) ) {
+
+				// Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name as the event.
+				// Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170)
+				if ( ontype && isFunction( elem[ type ] ) && !isWindow( elem ) ) {
+
+					// Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method
+					tmp = elem[ ontype ];
+
+					if ( tmp ) {
+						elem[ ontype ] = null;
+					}
+
+					// Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above
+					jQuery.event.triggered = type;
+
+					if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
+						lastElement.addEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback );
+					}
+
+					elem[ type ]();
+
+					if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
+						lastElement.removeEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback );
+					}
+
+					jQuery.event.triggered = undefined;
+
+					if ( tmp ) {
+						elem[ ontype ] = tmp;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return event.result;
+	},
+
+	// Piggyback on a donor event to simulate a different one
+	// Used only for `focus(in | out)` events
+	simulate: function( type, elem, event ) {
+		var e = jQuery.extend(
+			new jQuery.Event(),
+			event,
+			{
+				type: type,
+				isSimulated: true
+			}
+		);
+
+		jQuery.event.trigger( e, null, elem );
+	}
+
+} );
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+
+	trigger: function( type, data ) {
+		return this.each( function() {
+			jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, this );
+		} );
+	},
+	triggerHandler: function( type, data ) {
+		var elem = this[ 0 ];
+		if ( elem ) {
+			return jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, elem, true );
+		}
+	}
+} );
+
+
+// Support: Firefox <=44
+// Firefox doesn't have focus(in | out) events
+// Related ticket - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=687787
+//
+// Support: Chrome <=48 - 49, Safari <=9.0 - 9.1
+// focus(in | out) events fire after focus & blur events,
+// which is spec violation - http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#events-focusevent-event-order
+// Related ticket - https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=449857
+if ( !support.focusin ) {
+	jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( orig, fix ) {
+
+		// Attach a single capturing handler on the document while someone wants focusin/focusout
+		var handler = function( event ) {
+			jQuery.event.simulate( fix, event.target, jQuery.event.fix( event ) );
+		};
+
+		jQuery.event.special[ fix ] = {
+			setup: function() {
+
+				// Handle: regular nodes (via `this.ownerDocument`), window
+				// (via `this.document`) & document (via `this`).
+				var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this,
+					attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix );
+
+				if ( !attaches ) {
+					doc.addEventListener( orig, handler, true );
+				}
+				dataPriv.access( doc, fix, ( attaches || 0 ) + 1 );
+			},
+			teardown: function() {
+				var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this,
+					attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ) - 1;
+
+				if ( !attaches ) {
+					doc.removeEventListener( orig, handler, true );
+					dataPriv.remove( doc, fix );
+
+				} else {
+					dataPriv.access( doc, fix, attaches );
+				}
+			}
+		};
+	} );
+}
+var location = window.location;
+
+var nonce = { guid: Date.now() };
+
+var rquery = ( /\?/ );
+
+
+
+// Cross-browser xml parsing
+jQuery.parseXML = function( data ) {
+	var xml, parserErrorElem;
+	if ( !data || typeof data !== "string" ) {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	// Support: IE 9 - 11 only
+	// IE throws on parseFromString with invalid input.
+	try {
+		xml = ( new window.DOMParser() ).parseFromString( data, "text/xml" );
+	} catch ( e ) {}
+
+	parserErrorElem = xml && xml.getElementsByTagName( "parsererror" )[ 0 ];
+	if ( !xml || parserErrorElem ) {
+		jQuery.error( "Invalid XML: " + (
+			parserErrorElem ?
+				jQuery.map( parserErrorElem.childNodes, function( el ) {
+					return el.textContent;
+				} ).join( "\n" ) :
+				data
+		) );
+	}
+	return xml;
+};
+
+
+var
+	rbracket = /\[\]$/,
+	rCRLF = /\r?\n/g,
+	rsubmitterTypes = /^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i,
+	rsubmittable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i;
+
+function buildParams( prefix, obj, traditional, add ) {
+	var name;
+
+	if ( Array.isArray( obj ) ) {
+
+		// Serialize array item.
+		jQuery.each( obj, function( i, v ) {
+			if ( traditional || rbracket.test( prefix ) ) {
+
+				// Treat each array item as a scalar.
+				add( prefix, v );
+
+			} else {
+
+				// Item is non-scalar (array or object), encode its numeric index.
+				buildParams(
+					prefix + "[" + ( typeof v === "object" && v != null ? i : "" ) + "]",
+					v,
+					traditional,
+					add
+				);
+			}
+		} );
+
+	} else if ( !traditional && toType( obj ) === "object" ) {
+
+		// Serialize object item.
+		for ( name in obj ) {
+			buildParams( prefix + "[" + name + "]", obj[ name ], traditional, add );
+		}
+
+	} else {
+
+		// Serialize scalar item.
+		add( prefix, obj );
+	}
+}
+
+// Serialize an array of form elements or a set of
+// key/values into a query string
+jQuery.param = function( a, traditional ) {
+	var prefix,
+		s = [],
+		add = function( key, valueOrFunction ) {
+
+			// If value is a function, invoke it and use its return value
+			var value = isFunction( valueOrFunction ) ?
+				valueOrFunction() :
+				valueOrFunction;
+
+			s[ s.length ] = encodeURIComponent( key ) + "=" +
+				encodeURIComponent( value == null ? "" : value );
+		};
+
+	if ( a == null ) {
+		return "";
+	}
+
+	// If an array was passed in, assume that it is an array of form elements.
+	if ( Array.isArray( a ) || ( a.jquery && !jQuery.isPlainObject( a ) ) ) {
+
+		// Serialize the form elements
+		jQuery.each( a, function() {
+			add( this.name, this.value );
+		} );
+
+	} else {
+
+		// If traditional, encode the "old" way (the way 1.3.2 or older
+		// did it), otherwise encode params recursively.
+		for ( prefix in a ) {
+			buildParams( prefix, a[ prefix ], traditional, add );
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Return the resulting serialization
+	return s.join( "&" );
+};
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+	serialize: function() {
+		return jQuery.param( this.serializeArray() );
+	},
+	serializeArray: function() {
+		return this.map( function() {
+
+			// Can add propHook for "elements" to filter or add form elements
+			var elements = jQuery.prop( this, "elements" );
+			return elements ? jQuery.makeArray( elements ) : this;
+		} ).filter( function() {
+			var type = this.type;
+
+			// Use .is( ":disabled" ) so that fieldset[disabled] works
+			return this.name && !jQuery( this ).is( ":disabled" ) &&
+				rsubmittable.test( this.nodeName ) && !rsubmitterTypes.test( type ) &&
+				( this.checked || !rcheckableType.test( type ) );
+		} ).map( function( _i, elem ) {
+			var val = jQuery( this ).val();
+
+			if ( val == null ) {
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) {
+				return jQuery.map( val, function( val ) {
+					return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) };
+				} );
+			}
+
+			return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) };
+		} ).get();
+	}
+} );
+
+
+var
+	r20 = /%20/g,
+	rhash = /#.*$/,
+	rantiCache = /([?&])_=[^&]*/,
+	rheaders = /^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)$/mg,
+
+	// #7653, #8125, #8152: local protocol detection
+	rlocalProtocol = /^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/,
+	rnoContent = /^(?:GET|HEAD)$/,
+	rprotocol = /^\/\//,
+
+	/* Prefilters
+	 * 1) They are useful to introduce custom dataTypes (see ajax/jsonp.js for an example)
+	 * 2) These are called:
+	 *    - BEFORE asking for a transport
+	 *    - AFTER param serialization (s.data is a string if s.processData is true)
+	 * 3) key is the dataType
+	 * 4) the catchall symbol "*" can be used
+	 * 5) execution will start with transport dataType and THEN continue down to "*" if needed
+	 */
+	prefilters = {},
+
+	/* Transports bindings
+	 * 1) key is the dataType
+	 * 2) the catchall symbol "*" can be used
+	 * 3) selection will start with transport dataType and THEN go to "*" if needed
+	 */
+	transports = {},
+
+	// Avoid comment-prolog char sequence (#10098); must appease lint and evade compression
+	allTypes = "*/".concat( "*" ),
+
+	// Anchor tag for parsing the document origin
+	originAnchor = document.createElement( "a" );
+
+originAnchor.href = location.href;
+
+// Base "constructor" for jQuery.ajaxPrefilter and jQuery.ajaxTransport
+function addToPrefiltersOrTransports( structure ) {
+
+	// dataTypeExpression is optional and defaults to "*"
+	return function( dataTypeExpression, func ) {
+
+		if ( typeof dataTypeExpression !== "string" ) {
+			func = dataTypeExpression;
+			dataTypeExpression = "*";
+		}
+
+		var dataType,
+			i = 0,
+			dataTypes = dataTypeExpression.toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [];
+
+		if ( isFunction( func ) ) {
+
+			// For each dataType in the dataTypeExpression
+			while ( ( dataType = dataTypes[ i++ ] ) ) {
+
+				// Prepend if requested
+				if ( dataType[ 0 ] === "+" ) {
+					dataType = dataType.slice( 1 ) || "*";
+					( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).unshift( func );
+
+				// Otherwise append
+				} else {
+					( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).push( func );
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+// Base inspection function for prefilters and transports
+function inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( structure, options, originalOptions, jqXHR ) {
+
+	var inspected = {},
+		seekingTransport = ( structure === transports );
+
+	function inspect( dataType ) {
+		var selected;
+		inspected[ dataType ] = true;
+		jQuery.each( structure[ dataType ] || [], function( _, prefilterOrFactory ) {
+			var dataTypeOrTransport = prefilterOrFactory( options, originalOptions, jqXHR );
+			if ( typeof dataTypeOrTransport === "string" &&
+				!seekingTransport && !inspected[ dataTypeOrTransport ] ) {
+
+				options.dataTypes.unshift( dataTypeOrTransport );
+				inspect( dataTypeOrTransport );
+				return false;
+			} else if ( seekingTransport ) {
+				return !( selected = dataTypeOrTransport );
+			}
+		} );
+		return selected;
+	}
+
+	return inspect( options.dataTypes[ 0 ] ) || !inspected[ "*" ] && inspect( "*" );
+}
+
+// A special extend for ajax options
+// that takes "flat" options (not to be deep extended)
+// Fixes #9887
+function ajaxExtend( target, src ) {
+	var key, deep,
+		flatOptions = jQuery.ajaxSettings.flatOptions || {};
+
+	for ( key in src ) {
+		if ( src[ key ] !== undefined ) {
+			( flatOptions[ key ] ? target : ( deep || ( deep = {} ) ) )[ key ] = src[ key ];
+		}
+	}
+	if ( deep ) {
+		jQuery.extend( true, target, deep );
+	}
+
+	return target;
+}
+
+/* Handles responses to an ajax request:
+ * - finds the right dataType (mediates between content-type and expected dataType)
+ * - returns the corresponding response
+ */
+function ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ) {
+
+	var ct, type, finalDataType, firstDataType,
+		contents = s.contents,
+		dataTypes = s.dataTypes;
+
+	// Remove auto dataType and get content-type in the process
+	while ( dataTypes[ 0 ] === "*" ) {
+		dataTypes.shift();
+		if ( ct === undefined ) {
+			ct = s.mimeType || jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Content-Type" );
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check if we're dealing with a known content-type
+	if ( ct ) {
+		for ( type in contents ) {
+			if ( contents[ type ] && contents[ type ].test( ct ) ) {
+				dataTypes.unshift( type );
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check to see if we have a response for the expected dataType
+	if ( dataTypes[ 0 ] in responses ) {
+		finalDataType = dataTypes[ 0 ];
+	} else {
+
+		// Try convertible dataTypes
+		for ( type in responses ) {
+			if ( !dataTypes[ 0 ] || s.converters[ type + " " + dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ) {
+				finalDataType = type;
+				break;
+			}
+			if ( !firstDataType ) {
+				firstDataType = type;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Or just use first one
+		finalDataType = finalDataType || firstDataType;
+	}
+
+	// If we found a dataType
+	// We add the dataType to the list if needed
+	// and return the corresponding response
+	if ( finalDataType ) {
+		if ( finalDataType !== dataTypes[ 0 ] ) {
+			dataTypes.unshift( finalDataType );
+		}
+		return responses[ finalDataType ];
+	}
+}
+
+/* Chain conversions given the request and the original response
+ * Also sets the responseXXX fields on the jqXHR instance
+ */
+function ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ) {
+	var conv2, current, conv, tmp, prev,
+		converters = {},
+
+		// Work with a copy of dataTypes in case we need to modify it for conversion
+		dataTypes = s.dataTypes.slice();
+
+	// Create converters map with lowercased keys
+	if ( dataTypes[ 1 ] ) {
+		for ( conv in s.converters ) {
+			converters[ conv.toLowerCase() ] = s.converters[ conv ];
+		}
+	}
+
+	current = dataTypes.shift();
+
+	// Convert to each sequential dataType
+	while ( current ) {
+
+		if ( s.responseFields[ current ] ) {
+			jqXHR[ s.responseFields[ current ] ] = response;
+		}
+
+		// Apply the dataFilter if provided
+		if ( !prev && isSuccess && s.dataFilter ) {
+			response = s.dataFilter( response, s.dataType );
+		}
+
+		prev = current;
+		current = dataTypes.shift();
+
+		if ( current ) {
+
+			// There's only work to do if current dataType is non-auto
+			if ( current === "*" ) {
+
+				current = prev;
+
+			// Convert response if prev dataType is non-auto and differs from current
+			} else if ( prev !== "*" && prev !== current ) {
+
+				// Seek a direct converter
+				conv = converters[ prev + " " + current ] || converters[ "* " + current ];
+
+				// If none found, seek a pair
+				if ( !conv ) {
+					for ( conv2 in converters ) {
+
+						// If conv2 outputs current
+						tmp = conv2.split( " " );
+						if ( tmp[ 1 ] === current ) {
+
+							// If prev can be converted to accepted input
+							conv = converters[ prev + " " + tmp[ 0 ] ] ||
+								converters[ "* " + tmp[ 0 ] ];
+							if ( conv ) {
+
+								// Condense equivalence converters
+								if ( conv === true ) {
+									conv = converters[ conv2 ];
+
+								// Otherwise, insert the intermediate dataType
+								} else if ( converters[ conv2 ] !== true ) {
+									current = tmp[ 0 ];
+									dataTypes.unshift( tmp[ 1 ] );
+								}
+								break;
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+				// Apply converter (if not an equivalence)
+				if ( conv !== true ) {
+
+					// Unless errors are allowed to bubble, catch and return them
+					if ( conv && s.throws ) {
+						response = conv( response );
+					} else {
+						try {
+							response = conv( response );
+						} catch ( e ) {
+							return {
+								state: "parsererror",
+								error: conv ? e : "No conversion from " + prev + " to " + current
+							};
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return { state: "success", data: response };
+}
+
+jQuery.extend( {
+
+	// Counter for holding the number of active queries
+	active: 0,
+
+	// Last-Modified header cache for next request
+	lastModified: {},
+	etag: {},
+
+	ajaxSettings: {
+		url: location.href,
+		type: "GET",
+		isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test( location.protocol ),
+		global: true,
+		processData: true,
+		async: true,
+		contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
+
+		/*
+		timeout: 0,
+		data: null,
+		dataType: null,
+		username: null,
+		password: null,
+		cache: null,
+		throws: false,
+		traditional: false,
+		headers: {},
+		*/
+
+		accepts: {
+			"*": allTypes,
+			text: "text/plain",
+			html: "text/html",
+			xml: "application/xml, text/xml",
+			json: "application/json, text/javascript"
+		},
+
+		contents: {
+			xml: /\bxml\b/,
+			html: /\bhtml/,
+			json: /\bjson\b/
+		},
+
+		responseFields: {
+			xml: "responseXML",
+			text: "responseText",
+			json: "responseJSON"
+		},
+
+		// Data converters
+		// Keys separate source (or catchall "*") and destination types with a single space
+		converters: {
+
+			// Convert anything to text
+			"* text": String,
+
+			// Text to html (true = no transformation)
+			"text html": true,
+
+			// Evaluate text as a json expression
+			"text json": JSON.parse,
+
+			// Parse text as xml
+			"text xml": jQuery.parseXML
+		},
+
+		// For options that shouldn't be deep extended:
+		// you can add your own custom options here if
+		// and when you create one that shouldn't be
+		// deep extended (see ajaxExtend)
+		flatOptions: {
+			url: true,
+			context: true
+		}
+	},
+
+	// Creates a full fledged settings object into target
+	// with both ajaxSettings and settings fields.
+	// If target is omitted, writes into ajaxSettings.
+	ajaxSetup: function( target, settings ) {
+		return settings ?
+
+			// Building a settings object
+			ajaxExtend( ajaxExtend( target, jQuery.ajaxSettings ), settings ) :
+
+			// Extending ajaxSettings
+			ajaxExtend( jQuery.ajaxSettings, target );
+	},
+
+	ajaxPrefilter: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters ),
+	ajaxTransport: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( transports ),
+
+	// Main method
+	ajax: function( url, options ) {
+
+		// If url is an object, simulate pre-1.5 signature
+		if ( typeof url === "object" ) {
+			options = url;
+			url = undefined;
+		}
+
+		// Force options to be an object
+		options = options || {};
+
+		var transport,
+
+			// URL without anti-cache param
+			cacheURL,
+
+			// Response headers
+			responseHeadersString,
+			responseHeaders,
+
+			// timeout handle
+			timeoutTimer,
+
+			// Url cleanup var
+			urlAnchor,
+
+			// Request state (becomes false upon send and true upon completion)
+			completed,
+
+			// To know if global events are to be dispatched
+			fireGlobals,
+
+			// Loop variable
+			i,
+
+			// uncached part of the url
+			uncached,
+
+			// Create the final options object
+			s = jQuery.ajaxSetup( {}, options ),
+
+			// Callbacks context
+			callbackContext = s.context || s,
+
+			// Context for global events is callbackContext if it is a DOM node or jQuery collection
+			globalEventContext = s.context &&
+				( callbackContext.nodeType || callbackContext.jquery ) ?
+				jQuery( callbackContext ) :
+				jQuery.event,
+
+			// Deferreds
+			deferred = jQuery.Deferred(),
+			completeDeferred = jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ),
+
+			// Status-dependent callbacks
+			statusCode = s.statusCode || {},
+
+			// Headers (they are sent all at once)
+			requestHeaders = {},
+			requestHeadersNames = {},
+
+			// Default abort message
+			strAbort = "canceled",
+
+			// Fake xhr
+			jqXHR = {
+				readyState: 0,
+
+				// Builds headers hashtable if needed
+				getResponseHeader: function( key ) {
+					var match;
+					if ( completed ) {
+						if ( !responseHeaders ) {
+							responseHeaders = {};
+							while ( ( match = rheaders.exec( responseHeadersString ) ) ) {
+								responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] =
+									( responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] || [] )
+										.concat( match[ 2 ] );
+							}
+						}
+						match = responseHeaders[ key.toLowerCase() + " " ];
+					}
+					return match == null ? null : match.join( ", " );
+				},
+
+				// Raw string
+				getAllResponseHeaders: function() {
+					return completed ? responseHeadersString : null;
+				},
+
+				// Caches the header
+				setRequestHeader: function( name, value ) {
+					if ( completed == null ) {
+						name = requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] =
+							requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] || name;
+						requestHeaders[ name ] = value;
+					}
+					return this;
+				},
+
+				// Overrides response content-type header
+				overrideMimeType: function( type ) {
+					if ( completed == null ) {
+						s.mimeType = type;
+					}
+					return this;
+				},
+
+				// Status-dependent callbacks
+				statusCode: function( map ) {
+					var code;
+					if ( map ) {
+						if ( completed ) {
+
+							// Execute the appropriate callbacks
+							jqXHR.always( map[ jqXHR.status ] );
+						} else {
+
+							// Lazy-add the new callbacks in a way that preserves old ones
+							for ( code in map ) {
+								statusCode[ code ] = [ statusCode[ code ], map[ code ] ];
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					return this;
+				},
+
+				// Cancel the request
+				abort: function( statusText ) {
+					var finalText = statusText || strAbort;
+					if ( transport ) {
+						transport.abort( finalText );
+					}
+					done( 0, finalText );
+					return this;
+				}
+			};
+
+		// Attach deferreds
+		deferred.promise( jqXHR );
+
+		// Add protocol if not provided (prefilters might expect it)
+		// Handle falsy url in the settings object (#10093: consistency with old signature)
+		// We also use the url parameter if available
+		s.url = ( ( url || s.url || location.href ) + "" )
+			.replace( rprotocol, location.protocol + "//" );
+
+		// Alias method option to type as per ticket #12004
+		s.type = options.method || options.type || s.method || s.type;
+
+		// Extract dataTypes list
+		s.dataTypes = ( s.dataType || "*" ).toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ];
+
+		// A cross-domain request is in order when the origin doesn't match the current origin.
+		if ( s.crossDomain == null ) {
+			urlAnchor = document.createElement( "a" );
+
+			// Support: IE <=8 - 11, Edge 12 - 15
+			// IE throws exception on accessing the href property if url is malformed,
+			// e.g. http://example.com:80x/
+			try {
+				urlAnchor.href = s.url;
+
+				// Support: IE <=8 - 11 only
+				// Anchor's host property isn't correctly set when s.url is relative
+				urlAnchor.href = urlAnchor.href;
+				s.crossDomain = originAnchor.protocol + "//" + originAnchor.host !==
+					urlAnchor.protocol + "//" + urlAnchor.host;
+			} catch ( e ) {
+
+				// If there is an error parsing the URL, assume it is crossDomain,
+				// it can be rejected by the transport if it is invalid
+				s.crossDomain = true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Convert data if not already a string
+		if ( s.data && s.processData && typeof s.data !== "string" ) {
+			s.data = jQuery.param( s.data, s.traditional );
+		}
+
+		// Apply prefilters
+		inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters, s, options, jqXHR );
+
+		// If request was aborted inside a prefilter, stop there
+		if ( completed ) {
+			return jqXHR;
+		}
+
+		// We can fire global events as of now if asked to
+		// Don't fire events if jQuery.event is undefined in an AMD-usage scenario (#15118)
+		fireGlobals = jQuery.event && s.global;
+
+		// Watch for a new set of requests
+		if ( fireGlobals && jQuery.active++ === 0 ) {
+			jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStart" );
+		}
+
+		// Uppercase the type
+		s.type = s.type.toUpperCase();
+
+		// Determine if request has content
+		s.hasContent = !rnoContent.test( s.type );
+
+		// Save the URL in case we're toying with the If-Modified-Since
+		// and/or If-None-Match header later on
+		// Remove hash to simplify url manipulation
+		cacheURL = s.url.replace( rhash, "" );
+
+		// More options handling for requests with no content
+		if ( !s.hasContent ) {
+
+			// Remember the hash so we can put it back
+			uncached = s.url.slice( cacheURL.length );
+
+			// If data is available and should be processed, append data to url
+			if ( s.data && ( s.processData || typeof s.data === "string" ) ) {
+				cacheURL += ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.data;
+
+				// #9682: remove data so that it's not used in an eventual retry
+				delete s.data;
+			}
+
+			// Add or update anti-cache param if needed
+			if ( s.cache === false ) {
+				cacheURL = cacheURL.replace( rantiCache, "$1" );
+				uncached = ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + "_=" + ( nonce.guid++ ) +
+					uncached;
+			}
+
+			// Put hash and anti-cache on the URL that will be requested (gh-1732)
+			s.url = cacheURL + uncached;
+
+		// Change '%20' to '+' if this is encoded form body content (gh-2658)
+		} else if ( s.data && s.processData &&
+			( s.contentType || "" ).indexOf( "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ) === 0 ) {
+			s.data = s.data.replace( r20, "+" );
+		}
+
+		// Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode.
+		if ( s.ifModified ) {
+			if ( jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ) {
+				jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-Modified-Since", jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] );
+			}
+			if ( jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ) {
+				jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-None-Match", jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] );
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Set the correct header, if data is being sent
+		if ( s.data && s.hasContent && s.contentType !== false || options.contentType ) {
+			jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "Content-Type", s.contentType );
+		}
+
+		// Set the Accepts header for the server, depending on the dataType
+		jqXHR.setRequestHeader(
+			"Accept",
+			s.dataTypes[ 0 ] && s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ?
+				s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] +
+					( s.dataTypes[ 0 ] !== "*" ? ", " + allTypes + "; q=0.01" : "" ) :
+				s.accepts[ "*" ]
+		);
+
+		// Check for headers option
+		for ( i in s.headers ) {
+			jqXHR.setRequestHeader( i, s.headers[ i ] );
+		}
+
+		// Allow custom headers/mimetypes and early abort
+		if ( s.beforeSend &&
+			( s.beforeSend.call( callbackContext, jqXHR, s ) === false || completed ) ) {
+
+			// Abort if not done already and return
+			return jqXHR.abort();
+		}
+
+		// Aborting is no longer a cancellation
+		strAbort = "abort";
+
+		// Install callbacks on deferreds
+		completeDeferred.add( s.complete );
+		jqXHR.done( s.success );
+		jqXHR.fail( s.error );
+
+		// Get transport
+		transport = inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( transports, s, options, jqXHR );
+
+		// If no transport, we auto-abort
+		if ( !transport ) {
+			done( -1, "No Transport" );
+		} else {
+			jqXHR.readyState = 1;
+
+			// Send global event
+			if ( fireGlobals ) {
+				globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxSend", [ jqXHR, s ] );
+			}
+
+			// If request was aborted inside ajaxSend, stop there
+			if ( completed ) {
+				return jqXHR;
+			}
+
+			// Timeout
+			if ( s.async && s.timeout > 0 ) {
+				timeoutTimer = window.setTimeout( function() {
+					jqXHR.abort( "timeout" );
+				}, s.timeout );
+			}
+
+			try {
+				completed = false;
+				transport.send( requestHeaders, done );
+			} catch ( e ) {
+
+				// Rethrow post-completion exceptions
+				if ( completed ) {
+					throw e;
+				}
+
+				// Propagate others as results
+				done( -1, e );
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Callback for when everything is done
+		function done( status, nativeStatusText, responses, headers ) {
+			var isSuccess, success, error, response, modified,
+				statusText = nativeStatusText;
+
+			// Ignore repeat invocations
+			if ( completed ) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			completed = true;
+
+			// Clear timeout if it exists
+			if ( timeoutTimer ) {
+				window.clearTimeout( timeoutTimer );
+			}
+
+			// Dereference transport for early garbage collection
+			// (no matter how long the jqXHR object will be used)
+			transport = undefined;
+
+			// Cache response headers
+			responseHeadersString = headers || "";
+
+			// Set readyState
+			jqXHR.readyState = status > 0 ? 4 : 0;
+
+			// Determine if successful
+			isSuccess = status >= 200 && status < 300 || status === 304;
+
+			// Get response data
+			if ( responses ) {
+				response = ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses );
+			}
+
+			// Use a noop converter for missing script but not if jsonp
+			if ( !isSuccess &&
+				jQuery.inArray( "script", s.dataTypes ) > -1 &&
+				jQuery.inArray( "json", s.dataTypes ) < 0 ) {
+				s.converters[ "text script" ] = function() {};
+			}
+
+			// Convert no matter what (that way responseXXX fields are always set)
+			response = ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess );
+
+			// If successful, handle type chaining
+			if ( isSuccess ) {
+
+				// Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode.
+				if ( s.ifModified ) {
+					modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Last-Modified" );
+					if ( modified ) {
+						jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] = modified;
+					}
+					modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "etag" );
+					if ( modified ) {
+						jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] = modified;
+					}
+				}
+
+				// if no content
+				if ( status === 204 || s.type === "HEAD" ) {
+					statusText = "nocontent";
+
+				// if not modified
+				} else if ( status === 304 ) {
+					statusText = "notmodified";
+
+				// If we have data, let's convert it
+				} else {
+					statusText = response.state;
+					success = response.data;
+					error = response.error;
+					isSuccess = !error;
+				}
+			} else {
+
+				// Extract error from statusText and normalize for non-aborts
+				error = statusText;
+				if ( status || !statusText ) {
+					statusText = "error";
+					if ( status < 0 ) {
+						status = 0;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Set data for the fake xhr object
+			jqXHR.status = status;
+			jqXHR.statusText = ( nativeStatusText || statusText ) + "";
+
+			// Success/Error
+			if ( isSuccess ) {
+				deferred.resolveWith( callbackContext, [ success, statusText, jqXHR ] );
+			} else {
+				deferred.rejectWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText, error ] );
+			}
+
+			// Status-dependent callbacks
+			jqXHR.statusCode( statusCode );
+			statusCode = undefined;
+
+			if ( fireGlobals ) {
+				globalEventContext.trigger( isSuccess ? "ajaxSuccess" : "ajaxError",
+					[ jqXHR, s, isSuccess ? success : error ] );
+			}
+
+			// Complete
+			completeDeferred.fireWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText ] );
+
+			if ( fireGlobals ) {
+				globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxComplete", [ jqXHR, s ] );
+
+				// Handle the global AJAX counter
+				if ( !( --jQuery.active ) ) {
+					jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStop" );
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return jqXHR;
+	},
+
+	getJSON: function( url, data, callback ) {
+		return jQuery.get( url, data, callback, "json" );
+	},
+
+	getScript: function( url, callback ) {
+		return jQuery.get( url, undefined, callback, "script" );
+	}
+} );
+
+jQuery.each( [ "get", "post" ], function( _i, method ) {
+	jQuery[ method ] = function( url, data, callback, type ) {
+
+		// Shift arguments if data argument was omitted
+		if ( isFunction( data ) ) {
+			type = type || callback;
+			callback = data;
+			data = undefined;
+		}
+
+		// The url can be an options object (which then must have .url)
+		return jQuery.ajax( jQuery.extend( {
+			url: url,
+			type: method,
+			dataType: type,
+			data: data,
+			success: callback
+		}, jQuery.isPlainObject( url ) && url ) );
+	};
+} );
+
+jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) {
+	var i;
+	for ( i in s.headers ) {
+		if ( i.toLowerCase() === "content-type" ) {
+			s.contentType = s.headers[ i ] || "";
+		}
+	}
+} );
+
+
+jQuery._evalUrl = function( url, options, doc ) {
+	return jQuery.ajax( {
+		url: url,
+
+		// Make this explicit, since user can override this through ajaxSetup (#11264)
+		type: "GET",
+		dataType: "script",
+		cache: true,
+		async: false,
+		global: false,
+
+		// Only evaluate the response if it is successful (gh-4126)
+		// dataFilter is not invoked for failure responses, so using it instead
+		// of the default converter is kludgy but it works.
+		converters: {
+			"text script": function() {}
+		},
+		dataFilter: function( response ) {
+			jQuery.globalEval( response, options, doc );
+		}
+	} );
+};
+
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+	wrapAll: function( html ) {
+		var wrap;
+
+		if ( this[ 0 ] ) {
+			if ( isFunction( html ) ) {
+				html = html.call( this[ 0 ] );
+			}
+
+			// The elements to wrap the target around
+			wrap = jQuery( html, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument ).eq( 0 ).clone( true );
+
+			if ( this[ 0 ].parentNode ) {
+				wrap.insertBefore( this[ 0 ] );
+			}
+
+			wrap.map( function() {
+				var elem = this;
+
+				while ( elem.firstElementChild ) {
+					elem = elem.firstElementChild;
+				}
+
+				return elem;
+			} ).append( this );
+		}
+
+		return this;
+	},
+
+	wrapInner: function( html ) {
+		if ( isFunction( html ) ) {
+			return this.each( function( i ) {
+				jQuery( this ).wrapInner( html.call( this, i ) );
+			} );
+		}
+
+		return this.each( function() {
+			var self = jQuery( this ),
+				contents = self.contents();
+
+			if ( contents.length ) {
+				contents.wrapAll( html );
+
+			} else {
+				self.append( html );
+			}
+		} );
+	},
+
+	wrap: function( html ) {
+		var htmlIsFunction = isFunction( html );
+
+		return this.each( function( i ) {
+			jQuery( this ).wrapAll( htmlIsFunction ? html.call( this, i ) : html );
+		} );
+	},
+
+	unwrap: function( selector ) {
+		this.parent( selector ).not( "body" ).each( function() {
+			jQuery( this ).replaceWith( this.childNodes );
+		} );
+		return this;
+	}
+} );
+
+
+jQuery.expr.pseudos.hidden = function( elem ) {
+	return !jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible( elem );
+};
+jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible = function( elem ) {
+	return !!( elem.offsetWidth || elem.offsetHeight || elem.getClientRects().length );
+};
+
+
+
+
+jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr = function() {
+	try {
+		return new window.XMLHttpRequest();
+	} catch ( e ) {}
+};
+
+var xhrSuccessStatus = {
+
+		// File protocol always yields status code 0, assume 200
+		0: 200,
+
+		// Support: IE <=9 only
+		// #1450: sometimes IE returns 1223 when it should be 204
+		1223: 204
+	},
+	xhrSupported = jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr();
+
+support.cors = !!xhrSupported && ( "withCredentials" in xhrSupported );
+support.ajax = xhrSupported = !!xhrSupported;
+
+jQuery.ajaxTransport( function( options ) {
+	var callback, errorCallback;
+
+	// Cross domain only allowed if supported through XMLHttpRequest
+	if ( support.cors || xhrSupported && !options.crossDomain ) {
+		return {
+			send: function( headers, complete ) {
+				var i,
+					xhr = options.xhr();
+
+				xhr.open(
+					options.type,
+					options.url,
+					options.async,
+					options.username,
+					options.password
+				);
+
+				// Apply custom fields if provided
+				if ( options.xhrFields ) {
+					for ( i in options.xhrFields ) {
+						xhr[ i ] = options.xhrFields[ i ];
+					}
+				}
+
+				// Override mime type if needed
+				if ( options.mimeType && xhr.overrideMimeType ) {
+					xhr.overrideMimeType( options.mimeType );
+				}
+
+				// X-Requested-With header
+				// For cross-domain requests, seeing as conditions for a preflight are
+				// akin to a jigsaw puzzle, we simply never set it to be sure.
+				// (it can always be set on a per-request basis or even using ajaxSetup)
+				// For same-domain requests, won't change header if already provided.
+				if ( !options.crossDomain && !headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] ) {
+					headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] = "XMLHttpRequest";
+				}
+
+				// Set headers
+				for ( i in headers ) {
+					xhr.setRequestHeader( i, headers[ i ] );
+				}
+
+				// Callback
+				callback = function( type ) {
+					return function() {
+						if ( callback ) {
+							callback = errorCallback = xhr.onload =
+								xhr.onerror = xhr.onabort = xhr.ontimeout =
+									xhr.onreadystatechange = null;
+
+							if ( type === "abort" ) {
+								xhr.abort();
+							} else if ( type === "error" ) {
+
+								// Support: IE <=9 only
+								// On a manual native abort, IE9 throws
+								// errors on any property access that is not readyState
+								if ( typeof xhr.status !== "number" ) {
+									complete( 0, "error" );
+								} else {
+									complete(
+
+										// File: protocol always yields status 0; see #8605, #14207
+										xhr.status,
+										xhr.statusText
+									);
+								}
+							} else {
+								complete(
+									xhrSuccessStatus[ xhr.status ] || xhr.status,
+									xhr.statusText,
+
+									// Support: IE <=9 only
+									// IE9 has no XHR2 but throws on binary (trac-11426)
+									// For XHR2 non-text, let the caller handle it (gh-2498)
+									( xhr.responseType || "text" ) !== "text"  ||
+									typeof xhr.responseText !== "string" ?
+										{ binary: xhr.response } :
+										{ text: xhr.responseText },
+									xhr.getAllResponseHeaders()
+								);
+							}
+						}
+					};
+				};
+
+				// Listen to events
+				xhr.onload = callback();
+				errorCallback = xhr.onerror = xhr.ontimeout = callback( "error" );
+
+				// Support: IE 9 only
+				// Use onreadystatechange to replace onabort
+				// to handle uncaught aborts
+				if ( xhr.onabort !== undefined ) {
+					xhr.onabort = errorCallback;
+				} else {
+					xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
+
+						// Check readyState before timeout as it changes
+						if ( xhr.readyState === 4 ) {
+
+							// Allow onerror to be called first,
+							// but that will not handle a native abort
+							// Also, save errorCallback to a variable
+							// as xhr.onerror cannot be accessed
+							window.setTimeout( function() {
+								if ( callback ) {
+									errorCallback();
+								}
+							} );
+						}
+					};
+				}
+
+				// Create the abort callback
+				callback = callback( "abort" );
+
+				try {
+
+					// Do send the request (this may raise an exception)
+					xhr.send( options.hasContent && options.data || null );
+				} catch ( e ) {
+
+					// #14683: Only rethrow if this hasn't been notified as an error yet
+					if ( callback ) {
+						throw e;
+					}
+				}
+			},
+
+			abort: function() {
+				if ( callback ) {
+					callback();
+				}
+			}
+		};
+	}
+} );
+
+
+
+
+// Prevent auto-execution of scripts when no explicit dataType was provided (See gh-2432)
+jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) {
+	if ( s.crossDomain ) {
+		s.contents.script = false;
+	}
+} );
+
+// Install script dataType
+jQuery.ajaxSetup( {
+	accepts: {
+		script: "text/javascript, application/javascript, " +
+			"application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript"
+	},
+	contents: {
+		script: /\b(?:java|ecma)script\b/
+	},
+	converters: {
+		"text script": function( text ) {
+			jQuery.globalEval( text );
+			return text;
+		}
+	}
+} );
+
+// Handle cache's special case and crossDomain
+jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "script", function( s ) {
+	if ( s.cache === undefined ) {
+		s.cache = false;
+	}
+	if ( s.crossDomain ) {
+		s.type = "GET";
+	}
+} );
+
+// Bind script tag hack transport
+jQuery.ajaxTransport( "script", function( s ) {
+
+	// This transport only deals with cross domain or forced-by-attrs requests
+	if ( s.crossDomain || s.scriptAttrs ) {
+		var script, callback;
+		return {
+			send: function( _, complete ) {
+				script = jQuery( "<script>" )
+					.attr( s.scriptAttrs || {} )
+					.prop( { charset: s.scriptCharset, src: s.url } )
+					.on( "load error", callback = function( evt ) {
+						script.remove();
+						callback = null;
+						if ( evt ) {
+							complete( evt.type === "error" ? 404 : 200, evt.type );
+						}
+					} );
+
+				// Use native DOM manipulation to avoid our domManip AJAX trickery
+				document.head.appendChild( script[ 0 ] );
+			},
+			abort: function() {
+				if ( callback ) {
+					callback();
+				}
+			}
+		};
+	}
+} );
+
+
+
+
+var oldCallbacks = [],
+	rjsonp = /(=)\?(?=&|$)|\?\?/;
+
+// Default jsonp settings
+jQuery.ajaxSetup( {
+	jsonp: "callback",
+	jsonpCallback: function() {
+		var callback = oldCallbacks.pop() || ( jQuery.expando + "_" + ( nonce.guid++ ) );
+		this[ callback ] = true;
+		return callback;
+	}
+} );
+
+// Detect, normalize options and install callbacks for jsonp requests
+jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "json jsonp", function( s, originalSettings, jqXHR ) {
+
+	var callbackName, overwritten, responseContainer,
+		jsonProp = s.jsonp !== false && ( rjsonp.test( s.url ) ?
+			"url" :
+			typeof s.data === "string" &&
+				( s.contentType || "" )
+					.indexOf( "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ) === 0 &&
+				rjsonp.test( s.data ) && "data"
+		);
+
+	// Handle iff the expected data type is "jsonp" or we have a parameter to set
+	if ( jsonProp || s.dataTypes[ 0 ] === "jsonp" ) {
+
+		// Get callback name, remembering preexisting value associated with it
+		callbackName = s.jsonpCallback = isFunction( s.jsonpCallback ) ?
+			s.jsonpCallback() :
+			s.jsonpCallback;
+
+		// Insert callback into url or form data
+		if ( jsonProp ) {
+			s[ jsonProp ] = s[ jsonProp ].replace( rjsonp, "$1" + callbackName );
+		} else if ( s.jsonp !== false ) {
+			s.url += ( rquery.test( s.url ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.jsonp + "=" + callbackName;
+		}
+
+		// Use data converter to retrieve json after script execution
+		s.converters[ "script json" ] = function() {
+			if ( !responseContainer ) {
+				jQuery.error( callbackName + " was not called" );
+			}
+			return responseContainer[ 0 ];
+		};
+
+		// Force json dataType
+		s.dataTypes[ 0 ] = "json";
+
+		// Install callback
+		overwritten = window[ callbackName ];
+		window[ callbackName ] = function() {
+			responseContainer = arguments;
+		};
+
+		// Clean-up function (fires after converters)
+		jqXHR.always( function() {
+
+			// If previous value didn't exist - remove it
+			if ( overwritten === undefined ) {
+				jQuery( window ).removeProp( callbackName );
+
+			// Otherwise restore preexisting value
+			} else {
+				window[ callbackName ] = overwritten;
+			}
+
+			// Save back as free
+			if ( s[ callbackName ] ) {
+
+				// Make sure that re-using the options doesn't screw things around
+				s.jsonpCallback = originalSettings.jsonpCallback;
+
+				// Save the callback name for future use
+				oldCallbacks.push( callbackName );
+			}
+
+			// Call if it was a function and we have a response
+			if ( responseContainer && isFunction( overwritten ) ) {
+				overwritten( responseContainer[ 0 ] );
+			}
+
+			responseContainer = overwritten = undefined;
+		} );
+
+		// Delegate to script
+		return "script";
+	}
+} );
+
+
+
+
+// Support: Safari 8 only
+// In Safari 8 documents created via document.implementation.createHTMLDocument
+// collapse sibling forms: the second one becomes a child of the first one.
+// Because of that, this security measure has to be disabled in Safari 8.
+// https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=137337
+support.createHTMLDocument = ( function() {
+	var body = document.implementation.createHTMLDocument( "" ).body;
+	body.innerHTML = "<form></form><form></form>";
+	return body.childNodes.length === 2;
+} )();
+
+
+// Argument "data" should be string of html
+// context (optional): If specified, the fragment will be created in this context,
+// defaults to document
+// keepScripts (optional): If true, will include scripts passed in the html string
+jQuery.parseHTML = function( data, context, keepScripts ) {
+	if ( typeof data !== "string" ) {
+		return [];
+	}
+	if ( typeof context === "boolean" ) {
+		keepScripts = context;
+		context = false;
+	}
+
+	var base, parsed, scripts;
+
+	if ( !context ) {
+
+		// Stop scripts or inline event handlers from being executed immediately
+		// by using document.implementation
+		if ( support.createHTMLDocument ) {
+			context = document.implementation.createHTMLDocument( "" );
+
+			// Set the base href for the created document
+			// so any parsed elements with URLs
+			// are based on the document's URL (gh-2965)
+			base = context.createElement( "base" );
+			base.href = document.location.href;
+			context.head.appendChild( base );
+		} else {
+			context = document;
+		}
+	}
+
+	parsed = rsingleTag.exec( data );
+	scripts = !keepScripts && [];
+
+	// Single tag
+	if ( parsed ) {
+		return [ context.createElement( parsed[ 1 ] ) ];
+	}
+
+	parsed = buildFragment( [ data ], context, scripts );
+
+	if ( scripts && scripts.length ) {
+		jQuery( scripts ).remove();
+	}
+
+	return jQuery.merge( [], parsed.childNodes );
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Load a url into a page
+ */
+jQuery.fn.load = function( url, params, callback ) {
+	var selector, type, response,
+		self = this,
+		off = url.indexOf( " " );
+
+	if ( off > -1 ) {
+		selector = stripAndCollapse( url.slice( off ) );
+		url = url.slice( 0, off );
+	}
+
+	// If it's a function
+	if ( isFunction( params ) ) {
+
+		// We assume that it's the callback
+		callback = params;
+		params = undefined;
+
+	// Otherwise, build a param string
+	} else if ( params && typeof params === "object" ) {
+		type = "POST";
+	}
+
+	// If we have elements to modify, make the request
+	if ( self.length > 0 ) {
+		jQuery.ajax( {
+			url: url,
+
+			// If "type" variable is undefined, then "GET" method will be used.
+			// Make value of this field explicit since
+			// user can override it through ajaxSetup method
+			type: type || "GET",
+			dataType: "html",
+			data: params
+		} ).done( function( responseText ) {
+
+			// Save response for use in complete callback
+			response = arguments;
+
+			self.html( selector ?
+
+				// If a selector was specified, locate the right elements in a dummy div
+				// Exclude scripts to avoid IE 'Permission Denied' errors
+				jQuery( "<div>" ).append( jQuery.parseHTML( responseText ) ).find( selector ) :
+
+				// Otherwise use the full result
+				responseText );
+
+		// If the request succeeds, this function gets "data", "status", "jqXHR"
+		// but they are ignored because response was set above.
+		// If it fails, this function gets "jqXHR", "status", "error"
+		} ).always( callback && function( jqXHR, status ) {
+			self.each( function() {
+				callback.apply( this, response || [ jqXHR.responseText, status, jqXHR ] );
+			} );
+		} );
+	}
+
+	return this;
+};
+
+
+
+
+jQuery.expr.pseudos.animated = function( elem ) {
+	return jQuery.grep( jQuery.timers, function( fn ) {
+		return elem === fn.elem;
+	} ).length;
+};
+
+
+
+
+jQuery.offset = {
+	setOffset: function( elem, options, i ) {
+		var curPosition, curLeft, curCSSTop, curTop, curOffset, curCSSLeft, calculatePosition,
+			position = jQuery.css( elem, "position" ),
+			curElem = jQuery( elem ),
+			props = {};
+
+		// Set position first, in-case top/left are set even on static elem
+		if ( position === "static" ) {
+			elem.style.position = "relative";
+		}
+
+		curOffset = curElem.offset();
+		curCSSTop = jQuery.css( elem, "top" );
+		curCSSLeft = jQuery.css( elem, "left" );
+		calculatePosition = ( position === "absolute" || position === "fixed" ) &&
+			( curCSSTop + curCSSLeft ).indexOf( "auto" ) > -1;
+
+		// Need to be able to calculate position if either
+		// top or left is auto and position is either absolute or fixed
+		if ( calculatePosition ) {
+			curPosition = curElem.position();
+			curTop = curPosition.top;
+			curLeft = curPosition.left;
+
+		} else {
+			curTop = parseFloat( curCSSTop ) || 0;
+			curLeft = parseFloat( curCSSLeft ) || 0;
+		}
+
+		if ( isFunction( options ) ) {
+
+			// Use jQuery.extend here to allow modification of coordinates argument (gh-1848)
+			options = options.call( elem, i, jQuery.extend( {}, curOffset ) );
+		}
+
+		if ( options.top != null ) {
+			props.top = ( options.top - curOffset.top ) + curTop;
+		}
+		if ( options.left != null ) {
+			props.left = ( options.left - curOffset.left ) + curLeft;
+		}
+
+		if ( "using" in options ) {
+			options.using.call( elem, props );
+
+		} else {
+			curElem.css( props );
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+
+	// offset() relates an element's border box to the document origin
+	offset: function( options ) {
+
+		// Preserve chaining for setter
+		if ( arguments.length ) {
+			return options === undefined ?
+				this :
+				this.each( function( i ) {
+					jQuery.offset.setOffset( this, options, i );
+				} );
+		}
+
+		var rect, win,
+			elem = this[ 0 ];
+
+		if ( !elem ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Return zeros for disconnected and hidden (display: none) elements (gh-2310)
+		// Support: IE <=11 only
+		// Running getBoundingClientRect on a
+		// disconnected node in IE throws an error
+		if ( !elem.getClientRects().length ) {
+			return { top: 0, left: 0 };
+		}
+
+		// Get document-relative position by adding viewport scroll to viewport-relative gBCR
+		rect = elem.getBoundingClientRect();
+		win = elem.ownerDocument.defaultView;
+		return {
+			top: rect.top + win.pageYOffset,
+			left: rect.left + win.pageXOffset
+		};
+	},
+
+	// position() relates an element's margin box to its offset parent's padding box
+	// This corresponds to the behavior of CSS absolute positioning
+	position: function() {
+		if ( !this[ 0 ] ) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		var offsetParent, offset, doc,
+			elem = this[ 0 ],
+			parentOffset = { top: 0, left: 0 };
+
+		// position:fixed elements are offset from the viewport, which itself always has zero offset
+		if ( jQuery.css( elem, "position" ) === "fixed" ) {
+
+			// Assume position:fixed implies availability of getBoundingClientRect
+			offset = elem.getBoundingClientRect();
+
+		} else {
+			offset = this.offset();
+
+			// Account for the *real* offset parent, which can be the document or its root element
+			// when a statically positioned element is identified
+			doc = elem.ownerDocument;
+			offsetParent = elem.offsetParent || doc.documentElement;
+			while ( offsetParent &&
+				( offsetParent === doc.body || offsetParent === doc.documentElement ) &&
+				jQuery.css( offsetParent, "position" ) === "static" ) {
+
+				offsetParent = offsetParent.parentNode;
+			}
+			if ( offsetParent && offsetParent !== elem && offsetParent.nodeType === 1 ) {
+
+				// Incorporate borders into its offset, since they are outside its content origin
+				parentOffset = jQuery( offsetParent ).offset();
+				parentOffset.top += jQuery.css( offsetParent, "borderTopWidth", true );
+				parentOffset.left += jQuery.css( offsetParent, "borderLeftWidth", true );
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Subtract parent offsets and element margins
+		return {
+			top: offset.top - parentOffset.top - jQuery.css( elem, "marginTop", true ),
+			left: offset.left - parentOffset.left - jQuery.css( elem, "marginLeft", true )
+		};
+	},
+
+	// This method will return documentElement in the following cases:
+	// 1) For the element inside the iframe without offsetParent, this method will return
+	//    documentElement of the parent window
+	// 2) For the hidden or detached element
+	// 3) For body or html element, i.e. in case of the html node - it will return itself
+	//
+	// but those exceptions were never presented as a real life use-cases
+	// and might be considered as more preferable results.
+	//
+	// This logic, however, is not guaranteed and can change at any point in the future
+	offsetParent: function() {
+		return this.map( function() {
+			var offsetParent = this.offsetParent;
+
+			while ( offsetParent && jQuery.css( offsetParent, "position" ) === "static" ) {
+				offsetParent = offsetParent.offsetParent;
+			}
+
+			return offsetParent || documentElement;
+		} );
+	}
+} );
+
+// Create scrollLeft and scrollTop methods
+jQuery.each( { scrollLeft: "pageXOffset", scrollTop: "pageYOffset" }, function( method, prop ) {
+	var top = "pageYOffset" === prop;
+
+	jQuery.fn[ method ] = function( val ) {
+		return access( this, function( elem, method, val ) {
+
+			// Coalesce documents and windows
+			var win;
+			if ( isWindow( elem ) ) {
+				win = elem;
+			} else if ( elem.nodeType === 9 ) {
+				win = elem.defaultView;
+			}
+
+			if ( val === undefined ) {
+				return win ? win[ prop ] : elem[ method ];
+			}
+
+			if ( win ) {
+				win.scrollTo(
+					!top ? val : win.pageXOffset,
+					top ? val : win.pageYOffset
+				);
+
+			} else {
+				elem[ method ] = val;
+			}
+		}, method, val, arguments.length );
+	};
+} );
+
+// Support: Safari <=7 - 9.1, Chrome <=37 - 49
+// Add the top/left cssHooks using jQuery.fn.position
+// Webkit bug: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=29084
+// Blink bug: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=589347
+// getComputedStyle returns percent when specified for top/left/bottom/right;
+// rather than make the css module depend on the offset module, just check for it here
+jQuery.each( [ "top", "left" ], function( _i, prop ) {
+	jQuery.cssHooks[ prop ] = addGetHookIf( support.pixelPosition,
+		function( elem, computed ) {
+			if ( computed ) {
+				computed = curCSS( elem, prop );
+
+				// If curCSS returns percentage, fallback to offset
+				return rnumnonpx.test( computed ) ?
+					jQuery( elem ).position()[ prop ] + "px" :
+					computed;
+			}
+		}
+	);
+} );
+
+
+// Create innerHeight, innerWidth, height, width, outerHeight and outerWidth methods
+jQuery.each( { Height: "height", Width: "width" }, function( name, type ) {
+	jQuery.each( {
+		padding: "inner" + name,
+		content: type,
+		"": "outer" + name
+	}, function( defaultExtra, funcName ) {
+
+		// Margin is only for outerHeight, outerWidth
+		jQuery.fn[ funcName ] = function( margin, value ) {
+			var chainable = arguments.length && ( defaultExtra || typeof margin !== "boolean" ),
+				extra = defaultExtra || ( margin === true || value === true ? "margin" : "border" );
+
+			return access( this, function( elem, type, value ) {
+				var doc;
+
+				if ( isWindow( elem ) ) {
+
+					// $( window ).outerWidth/Height return w/h including scrollbars (gh-1729)
+					return funcName.indexOf( "outer" ) === 0 ?
+						elem[ "inner" + name ] :
+						elem.document.documentElement[ "client" + name ];
+				}
+
+				// Get document width or height
+				if ( elem.nodeType === 9 ) {
+					doc = elem.documentElement;
+
+					// Either scroll[Width/Height] or offset[Width/Height] or client[Width/Height],
+					// whichever is greatest
+					return Math.max(
+						elem.body[ "scroll" + name ], doc[ "scroll" + name ],
+						elem.body[ "offset" + name ], doc[ "offset" + name ],
+						doc[ "client" + name ]
+					);
+				}
+
+				return value === undefined ?
+
+					// Get width or height on the element, requesting but not forcing parseFloat
+					jQuery.css( elem, type, extra ) :
+
+					// Set width or height on the element
+					jQuery.style( elem, type, value, extra );
+			}, type, chainable ? margin : undefined, chainable );
+		};
+	} );
+} );
+
+
+jQuery.each( [
+	"ajaxStart",
+	"ajaxStop",
+	"ajaxComplete",
+	"ajaxError",
+	"ajaxSuccess",
+	"ajaxSend"
+], function( _i, type ) {
+	jQuery.fn[ type ] = function( fn ) {
+		return this.on( type, fn );
+	};
+} );
+
+
+
+
+jQuery.fn.extend( {
+
+	bind: function( types, data, fn ) {
+		return this.on( types, null, data, fn );
+	},
+	unbind: function( types, fn ) {
+		return this.off( types, null, fn );
+	},
+
+	delegate: function( selector, types, data, fn ) {
+		return this.on( types, selector, data, fn );
+	},
+	undelegate: function( selector, types, fn ) {
+
+		// ( namespace ) or ( selector, types [, fn] )
+		return arguments.length === 1 ?
+			this.off( selector, "**" ) :
+			this.off( types, selector || "**", fn );
+	},
+
+	hover: function( fnOver, fnOut ) {
+		return this.mouseenter( fnOver ).mouseleave( fnOut || fnOver );
+	}
+} );
+
+jQuery.each(
+	( "blur focus focusin focusout resize scroll click dblclick " +
+	"mousedown mouseup mousemove mouseover mouseout mouseenter mouseleave " +
+	"change select submit keydown keypress keyup contextmenu" ).split( " " ),
+	function( _i, name ) {
+
+		// Handle event binding
+		jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( data, fn ) {
+			return arguments.length > 0 ?
+				this.on( name, null, data, fn ) :
+				this.trigger( name );
+		};
+	}
+);
+
+
+
+
+// Support: Android <=4.0 only
+// Make sure we trim BOM and NBSP
+var rtrim = /^[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+|[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+$/g;
+
+// Bind a function to a context, optionally partially applying any
+// arguments.
+// jQuery.proxy is deprecated to promote standards (specifically Function#bind)
+// However, it is not slated for removal any time soon
+jQuery.proxy = function( fn, context ) {
+	var tmp, args, proxy;
+
+	if ( typeof context === "string" ) {
+		tmp = fn[ context ];
+		context = fn;
+		fn = tmp;
+	}
+
+	// Quick check to determine if target is callable, in the spec
+	// this throws a TypeError, but we will just return undefined.
+	if ( !isFunction( fn ) ) {
+		return undefined;
+	}
+
+	// Simulated bind
+	args = slice.call( arguments, 2 );
+	proxy = function() {
+		return fn.apply( context || this, args.concat( slice.call( arguments ) ) );
+	};
+
+	// Set the guid of unique handler to the same of original handler, so it can be removed
+	proxy.guid = fn.guid = fn.guid || jQuery.guid++;
+
+	return proxy;
+};
+
+jQuery.holdReady = function( hold ) {
+	if ( hold ) {
+		jQuery.readyWait++;
+	} else {
+		jQuery.ready( true );
+	}
+};
+jQuery.isArray = Array.isArray;
+jQuery.parseJSON = JSON.parse;
+jQuery.nodeName = nodeName;
+jQuery.isFunction = isFunction;
+jQuery.isWindow = isWindow;
+jQuery.camelCase = camelCase;
+jQuery.type = toType;
+
+jQuery.now = Date.now;
+
+jQuery.isNumeric = function( obj ) {
+
+	// As of jQuery 3.0, isNumeric is limited to
+	// strings and numbers (primitives or objects)
+	// that can be coerced to finite numbers (gh-2662)
+	var type = jQuery.type( obj );
+	return ( type === "number" || type === "string" ) &&
+
+		// parseFloat NaNs numeric-cast false positives ("")
+		// ...but misinterprets leading-number strings, particularly hex literals ("0x...")
+		// subtraction forces infinities to NaN
+		!isNaN( obj - parseFloat( obj ) );
+};
+
+jQuery.trim = function( text ) {
+	return text == null ?
+		"" :
+		( text + "" ).replace( rtrim, "" );
+};
+
+
+
+// Register as a named AMD module, since jQuery can be concatenated with other
+// files that may use define, but not via a proper concatenation script that
+// understands anonymous AMD modules. A named AMD is safest and most robust
+// way to register. Lowercase jquery is used because AMD module names are
+// derived from file names, and jQuery is normally delivered in a lowercase
+// file name. Do this after creating the global so that if an AMD module wants
+// to call noConflict to hide this version of jQuery, it will work.
+
+// Note that for maximum portability, libraries that are not jQuery should
+// declare themselves as anonymous modules, and avoid setting a global if an
+// AMD loader is present. jQuery is a special case. For more information, see
+// https://github.com/jrburke/requirejs/wiki/Updating-existing-libraries#wiki-anon
+
+if ( typeof define === "function" && define.amd ) {
+	define( "jquery", [], function() {
+		return jQuery;
+	} );
+}
+
+
+
+
+var
+
+	// Map over jQuery in case of overwrite
+	_jQuery = window.jQuery,
+
+	// Map over the $ in case of overwrite
+	_$ = window.$;
+
+jQuery.noConflict = function( deep ) {
+	if ( window.$ === jQuery ) {
+		window.$ = _$;
+	}
+
+	if ( deep && window.jQuery === jQuery ) {
+		window.jQuery = _jQuery;
+	}
+
+	return jQuery;
+};
+
+// Expose jQuery and $ identifiers, even in AMD
+// (#7102#comment:10, https://github.com/jquery/jquery/pull/557)
+// and CommonJS for browser emulators (#13566)
+if ( typeof noGlobal === "undefined" ) {
+	window.jQuery = window.$ = jQuery;
+}
+
+
+
+
+return jQuery;
+} );
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/jquery.js python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/jquery.js
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/jquery.js	2022-02-21 01:29:38.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/jquery.js	2022-09-24 12:16:10.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,10879 +1,2 @@
-/*!
- * jQuery JavaScript Library v3.6.0
- * https://jquery.com/
- *
- * Includes Sizzle.js
- * https://sizzlejs.com/
- *
- * Copyright OpenJS Foundation and other contributors
- * Released under the MIT license
- * https://jquery.org/license
- */
-( function( global, factory ) {
-
-	"use strict";
-
-	if ( typeof module === "object" && typeof module.exports === "object" ) {
-
-		// For CommonJS and CommonJS-like environments where a proper `window`
-		// is present, execute the factory and get jQuery.
-		// For environments that do not have a `window` with a `document`
-		// (such as Node.js), expose a factory as module.exports.
-		// This accentuates the need for the creation of a real `window`.
-		// e.g. var jQuery = require("jquery")(window);
-		// See ticket #14549 for more info.
-		module.exports = global.document ?
-			factory( global, true ) :
-			function( w ) {
-				if ( !w.document ) {
-					throw new Error( "jQuery requires a window with a document" );
-				}
-				return factory( w );
-			};
-	} else {
-		factory( global );
-	}
-
-// Pass this if window is not defined yet
-} )( typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : this, function( window, noGlobal ) {
-
-// Edge <= 12 - 13+, Firefox <=18 - 45+, IE 10 - 11, Safari 5.1 - 9+, iOS 6 - 9.1
-// throw exceptions when non-strict code (e.g., ASP.NET 4.5) accesses strict mode
-// arguments.callee.caller (trac-13335). But as of jQuery 3.0 (2016), strict mode should be common
-// enough that all such attempts are guarded in a try block.
-"use strict";
-
-var arr = [];
-
-var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf;
-
-var slice = arr.slice;
-
-var flat = arr.flat ? function( array ) {
-	return arr.flat.call( array );
-} : function( array ) {
-	return arr.concat.apply( [], array );
-};
-
-
-var push = arr.push;
-
-var indexOf = arr.indexOf;
-
-var class2type = {};
-
-var toString = class2type.toString;
-
-var hasOwn = class2type.hasOwnProperty;
-
-var fnToString = hasOwn.toString;
-
-var ObjectFunctionString = fnToString.call( Object );
-
-var support = {};
-
-var isFunction = function isFunction( obj ) {
-
-		// Support: Chrome <=57, Firefox <=52
-		// In some browsers, typeof returns "function" for HTML <object> elements
-		// (i.e., `typeof document.createElement( "object" ) === "function"`).
-		// We don't want to classify *any* DOM node as a function.
-		// Support: QtWeb <=3.8.5, WebKit <=534.34, wkhtmltopdf tool <=0.12.5
-		// Plus for old WebKit, typeof returns "function" for HTML collections
-		// (e.g., `typeof document.getElementsByTagName("div") === "function"`). (gh-4756)
-		return typeof obj === "function" && typeof obj.nodeType !== "number" &&
-			typeof obj.item !== "function";
-	};
-
-
-var isWindow = function isWindow( obj ) {
-		return obj != null && obj === obj.window;
-	};
-
-
-var document = window.document;
-
-
-
-	var preservedScriptAttributes = {
-		type: true,
-		src: true,
-		nonce: true,
-		noModule: true
-	};
-
-	function DOMEval( code, node, doc ) {
-		doc = doc || document;
-
-		var i, val,
-			script = doc.createElement( "script" );
-
-		script.text = code;
-		if ( node ) {
-			for ( i in preservedScriptAttributes ) {
-
-				// Support: Firefox 64+, Edge 18+
-				// Some browsers don't support the "nonce" property on scripts.
-				// On the other hand, just using `getAttribute` is not enough as
-				// the `nonce` attribute is reset to an empty string whenever it
-				// becomes browsing-context connected.
-				// See https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/2369
-				// See https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#nonce-attributes
-				// The `node.getAttribute` check was added for the sake of
-				// `jQuery.globalEval` so that it can fake a nonce-containing node
-				// via an object.
-				val = node[ i ] || node.getAttribute && node.getAttribute( i );
-				if ( val ) {
-					script.setAttribute( i, val );
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		doc.head.appendChild( script ).parentNode.removeChild( script );
-	}
-
-
-function toType( obj ) {
-	if ( obj == null ) {
-		return obj + "";
-	}
-
-	// Support: Android <=2.3 only (functionish RegExp)
-	return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ?
-		class2type[ toString.call( obj ) ] || "object" :
-		typeof obj;
-}
-/* global Symbol */
-// Defining this global in .eslintrc.json would create a danger of using the global
-// unguarded in another place, it seems safer to define global only for this module
-
-
-
-var
-	version = "3.6.0",
-
-	// Define a local copy of jQuery
-	jQuery = function( selector, context ) {
-
-		// The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced'
-		// Need init if jQuery is called (just allow error to be thrown if not included)
-		return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context );
-	};
-
-jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = {
-
-	// The current version of jQuery being used
-	jquery: version,
-
-	constructor: jQuery,
-
-	// The default length of a jQuery object is 0
-	length: 0,
-
-	toArray: function() {
-		return slice.call( this );
-	},
-
-	// Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR
-	// Get the whole matched element set as a clean array
-	get: function( num ) {
-
-		// Return all the elements in a clean array
-		if ( num == null ) {
-			return slice.call( this );
-		}
-
-		// Return just the one element from the set
-		return num < 0 ? this[ num + this.length ] : this[ num ];
-	},
-
-	// Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack
-	// (returning the new matched element set)
-	pushStack: function( elems ) {
-
-		// Build a new jQuery matched element set
-		var ret = jQuery.merge( this.constructor(), elems );
-
-		// Add the old object onto the stack (as a reference)
-		ret.prevObject = this;
-
-		// Return the newly-formed element set
-		return ret;
-	},
-
-	// Execute a callback for every element in the matched set.
-	each: function( callback ) {
-		return jQuery.each( this, callback );
-	},
-
-	map: function( callback ) {
-		return this.pushStack( jQuery.map( this, function( elem, i ) {
-			return callback.call( elem, i, elem );
-		} ) );
-	},
-
-	slice: function() {
-		return this.pushStack( slice.apply( this, arguments ) );
-	},
-
-	first: function() {
-		return this.eq( 0 );
-	},
-
-	last: function() {
-		return this.eq( -1 );
-	},
-
-	even: function() {
-		return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) {
-			return ( i + 1 ) % 2;
-		} ) );
-	},
-
-	odd: function() {
-		return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) {
-			return i % 2;
-		} ) );
-	},
-
-	eq: function( i ) {
-		var len = this.length,
-			j = +i + ( i < 0 ? len : 0 );
-		return this.pushStack( j >= 0 && j < len ? [ this[ j ] ] : [] );
-	},
-
-	end: function() {
-		return this.prevObject || this.constructor();
-	},
-
-	// For internal use only.
-	// Behaves like an Array's method, not like a jQuery method.
-	push: push,
-	sort: arr.sort,
-	splice: arr.splice
-};
-
-jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() {
-	var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone,
-		target = arguments[ 0 ] || {},
-		i = 1,
-		length = arguments.length,
-		deep = false;
-
-	// Handle a deep copy situation
-	if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) {
-		deep = target;
-
-		// Skip the boolean and the target
-		target = arguments[ i ] || {};
-		i++;
-	}
-
-	// Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy)
-	if ( typeof target !== "object" && !isFunction( target ) ) {
-		target = {};
-	}
-
-	// Extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed
-	if ( i === length ) {
-		target = this;
-		i--;
-	}
-
-	for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
-
-		// Only deal with non-null/undefined values
-		if ( ( options = arguments[ i ] ) != null ) {
-
-			// Extend the base object
-			for ( name in options ) {
-				copy = options[ name ];
-
-				// Prevent Object.prototype pollution
-				// Prevent never-ending loop
-				if ( name === "__proto__" || target === copy ) {
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				// Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays
-				if ( deep && copy && ( jQuery.isPlainObject( copy ) ||
-					( copyIsArray = Array.isArray( copy ) ) ) ) {
-					src = target[ name ];
-
-					// Ensure proper type for the source value
-					if ( copyIsArray && !Array.isArray( src ) ) {
-						clone = [];
-					} else if ( !copyIsArray && !jQuery.isPlainObject( src ) ) {
-						clone = {};
-					} else {
-						clone = src;
-					}
-					copyIsArray = false;
-
-					// Never move original objects, clone them
-					target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy );
-
-				// Don't bring in undefined values
-				} else if ( copy !== undefined ) {
-					target[ name ] = copy;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Return the modified object
-	return target;
-};
-
-jQuery.extend( {
-
-	// Unique for each copy of jQuery on the page
-	expando: "jQuery" + ( version + Math.random() ).replace( /\D/g, "" ),
-
-	// Assume jQuery is ready without the ready module
-	isReady: true,
-
-	error: function( msg ) {
-		throw new Error( msg );
-	},
-
-	noop: function() {},
-
-	isPlainObject: function( obj ) {
-		var proto, Ctor;
-
-		// Detect obvious negatives
-		// Use toString instead of jQuery.type to catch host objects
-		if ( !obj || toString.call( obj ) !== "[object Object]" ) {
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		proto = getProto( obj );
-
-		// Objects with no prototype (e.g., `Object.create( null )`) are plain
-		if ( !proto ) {
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		// Objects with prototype are plain iff they were constructed by a global Object function
-		Ctor = hasOwn.call( proto, "constructor" ) && proto.constructor;
-		return typeof Ctor === "function" && fnToString.call( Ctor ) === ObjectFunctionString;
-	},
-
-	isEmptyObject: function( obj ) {
-		var name;
-
-		for ( name in obj ) {
-			return false;
-		}
-		return true;
-	},
-
-	// Evaluates a script in a provided context; falls back to the global one
-	// if not specified.
-	globalEval: function( code, options, doc ) {
-		DOMEval( code, { nonce: options && options.nonce }, doc );
-	},
-
-	each: function( obj, callback ) {
-		var length, i = 0;
-
-		if ( isArrayLike( obj ) ) {
-			length = obj.length;
-			for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
-				if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) {
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
-			for ( i in obj ) {
-				if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) {
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		return obj;
-	},
-
-	// results is for internal usage only
-	makeArray: function( arr, results ) {
-		var ret = results || [];
-
-		if ( arr != null ) {
-			if ( isArrayLike( Object( arr ) ) ) {
-				jQuery.merge( ret,
-					typeof arr === "string" ?
-						[ arr ] : arr
-				);
-			} else {
-				push.call( ret, arr );
-			}
-		}
-
-		return ret;
-	},
-
-	inArray: function( elem, arr, i ) {
-		return arr == null ? -1 : indexOf.call( arr, elem, i );
-	},
-
-	// Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only
-	// push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit
-	merge: function( first, second ) {
-		var len = +second.length,
-			j = 0,
-			i = first.length;
-
-		for ( ; j < len; j++ ) {
-			first[ i++ ] = second[ j ];
-		}
-
-		first.length = i;
-
-		return first;
-	},
-
-	grep: function( elems, callback, invert ) {
-		var callbackInverse,
-			matches = [],
-			i = 0,
-			length = elems.length,
-			callbackExpect = !invert;
-
-		// Go through the array, only saving the items
-		// that pass the validator function
-		for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
-			callbackInverse = !callback( elems[ i ], i );
-			if ( callbackInverse !== callbackExpect ) {
-				matches.push( elems[ i ] );
-			}
-		}
-
-		return matches;
-	},
-
-	// arg is for internal usage only
-	map: function( elems, callback, arg ) {
-		var length, value,
-			i = 0,
-			ret = [];
-
-		// Go through the array, translating each of the items to their new values
-		if ( isArrayLike( elems ) ) {
-			length = elems.length;
-			for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
-				value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg );
-
-				if ( value != null ) {
-					ret.push( value );
-				}
-			}
-
-		// Go through every key on the object,
-		} else {
-			for ( i in elems ) {
-				value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg );
-
-				if ( value != null ) {
-					ret.push( value );
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Flatten any nested arrays
-		return flat( ret );
-	},
-
-	// A global GUID counter for objects
-	guid: 1,
-
-	// jQuery.support is not used in Core but other projects attach their
-	// properties to it so it needs to exist.
-	support: support
-} );
-
-if ( typeof Symbol === "function" ) {
-	jQuery.fn[ Symbol.iterator ] = arr[ Symbol.iterator ];
-}
-
-// Populate the class2type map
-jQuery.each( "Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split( " " ),
-	function( _i, name ) {
-		class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase();
-	} );
-
-function isArrayLike( obj ) {
-
-	// Support: real iOS 8.2 only (not reproducible in simulator)
-	// `in` check used to prevent JIT error (gh-2145)
-	// hasOwn isn't used here due to false negatives
-	// regarding Nodelist length in IE
-	var length = !!obj && "length" in obj && obj.length,
-		type = toType( obj );
-
-	if ( isFunction( obj ) || isWindow( obj ) ) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return type === "array" || length === 0 ||
-		typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && ( length - 1 ) in obj;
-}
-var Sizzle =
-/*!
- * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v2.3.6
- * https://sizzlejs.com/
- *
- * Copyright JS Foundation and other contributors
- * Released under the MIT license
- * https://js.foundation/
- *
- * Date: 2021-02-16
- */
-( function( window ) {
-var i,
-	support,
-	Expr,
-	getText,
-	isXML,
-	tokenize,
-	compile,
-	select,
-	outermostContext,
-	sortInput,
-	hasDuplicate,
-
-	// Local document vars
-	setDocument,
-	document,
-	docElem,
-	documentIsHTML,
-	rbuggyQSA,
-	rbuggyMatches,
-	matches,
-	contains,
-
-	// Instance-specific data
-	expando = "sizzle" + 1 * new Date(),
-	preferredDoc = window.document,
-	dirruns = 0,
-	done = 0,
-	classCache = createCache(),
-	tokenCache = createCache(),
-	compilerCache = createCache(),
-	nonnativeSelectorCache = createCache(),
-	sortOrder = function( a, b ) {
-		if ( a === b ) {
-			hasDuplicate = true;
-		}
-		return 0;
-	},
-
-	// Instance methods
-	hasOwn = ( {} ).hasOwnProperty,
-	arr = [],
-	pop = arr.pop,
-	pushNative = arr.push,
-	push = arr.push,
-	slice = arr.slice,
-
-	// Use a stripped-down indexOf as it's faster than native
-	// https://jsperf.com/thor-indexof-vs-for/5
-	indexOf = function( list, elem ) {
-		var i = 0,
-			len = list.length;
-		for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
-			if ( list[ i ] === elem ) {
-				return i;
-			}
-		}
-		return -1;
-	},
-
-	booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|" +
-		"ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped",
-
-	// Regular expressions
-
-	// http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#whitespace
-	whitespace = "[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]",
-
-	// https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#ident-token-diagram
-	identifier = "(?:\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace +
-		"?|\\\\[^\\r\\n\\f]|[\\w-]|[^\0-\\x7f])+",
-
-	// Attribute selectors: http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#attribute-selectors
-	attributes = "\\[" + whitespace + "*(" + identifier + ")(?:" + whitespace +
-
-		// Operator (capture 2)
-		"*([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace +
-
-		// "Attribute values must be CSS identifiers [capture 5]
-		// or strings [capture 3 or capture 4]"
-		"*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|(" + identifier + "))|)" +
-		whitespace + "*\\]",
-
-	pseudos = ":(" + identifier + ")(?:\\((" +
-
-		// To reduce the number of selectors needing tokenize in the preFilter, prefer arguments:
-		// 1. quoted (capture 3; capture 4 or capture 5)
-		"('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|" +
-
-		// 2. simple (capture 6)
-		"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|" + attributes + ")*)|" +
-
-		// 3. anything else (capture 2)
-		".*" +
-		")\\)|)",
-
-	// Leading and non-escaped trailing whitespace, capturing some non-whitespace characters preceding the latter
-	rwhitespace = new RegExp( whitespace + "+", "g" ),
-	rtrim = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" +
-		whitespace + "+$", "g" ),
-
-	rcomma = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*," + whitespace + "*" ),
-	rcombinators = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace +
-		"*" ),
-	rdescend = new RegExp( whitespace + "|>" ),
-
-	rpseudo = new RegExp( pseudos ),
-	ridentifier = new RegExp( "^" + identifier + "$" ),
-
-	matchExpr = {
-		"ID": new RegExp( "^#(" + identifier + ")" ),
-		"CLASS": new RegExp( "^\\.(" + identifier + ")" ),
-		"TAG": new RegExp( "^(" + identifier + "|[*])" ),
-		"ATTR": new RegExp( "^" + attributes ),
-		"PSEUDO": new RegExp( "^" + pseudos ),
-		"CHILD": new RegExp( "^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" +
-			whitespace + "*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" +
-			whitespace + "*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i" ),
-		"bool": new RegExp( "^(?:" + booleans + ")$", "i" ),
-
-		// For use in libraries implementing .is()
-		// We use this for POS matching in `select`
-		"needsContext": new RegExp( "^" + whitespace +
-			"*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" + whitespace +
-			"*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i" )
-	},
-
-	rhtml = /HTML$/i,
-	rinputs = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i,
-	rheader = /^h\d$/i,
-
-	rnative = /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/,
-
-	// Easily-parseable/retrievable ID or TAG or CLASS selectors
-	rquickExpr = /^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/,
-
-	rsibling = /[+~]/,
-
-	// CSS escapes
-	// http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#escaped-characters
-	runescape = new RegExp( "\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|\\\\([^\\r\\n\\f])", "g" ),
-	funescape = function( escape, nonHex ) {
-		var high = "0x" + escape.slice( 1 ) - 0x10000;
-
-		return nonHex ?
-
-			// Strip the backslash prefix from a non-hex escape sequence
-			nonHex :
-
-			// Replace a hexadecimal escape sequence with the encoded Unicode code point
-			// Support: IE <=11+
-			// For values outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), manually construct a
-			// surrogate pair
-			high < 0 ?
-				String.fromCharCode( high + 0x10000 ) :
-				String.fromCharCode( high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00 );
-	},
-
-	// CSS string/identifier serialization
-	// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#common-serializing-idioms
-	rcssescape = /([\0-\x1f\x7f]|^-?\d)|^-$|[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\uFFFF\w-]/g,
-	fcssescape = function( ch, asCodePoint ) {
-		if ( asCodePoint ) {
-
-			// U+0000 NULL becomes U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
-			if ( ch === "\0" ) {
-				return "\uFFFD";
-			}
-
-			// Control characters and (dependent upon position) numbers get escaped as code points
-			return ch.slice( 0, -1 ) + "\\" +
-				ch.charCodeAt( ch.length - 1 ).toString( 16 ) + " ";
-		}
-
-		// Other potentially-special ASCII characters get backslash-escaped
-		return "\\" + ch;
-	},
-
-	// Used for iframes
-	// See setDocument()
-	// Removing the function wrapper causes a "Permission Denied"
-	// error in IE
-	unloadHandler = function() {
-		setDocument();
-	},
-
-	inDisabledFieldset = addCombinator(
-		function( elem ) {
-			return elem.disabled === true && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "fieldset";
-		},
-		{ dir: "parentNode", next: "legend" }
-	);
-
-// Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList )
-try {
-	push.apply(
-		( arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes ) ),
-		preferredDoc.childNodes
-	);
-
-	// Support: Android<4.0
-	// Detect silently failing push.apply
-	// eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions
-	arr[ preferredDoc.childNodes.length ].nodeType;
-} catch ( e ) {
-	push = { apply: arr.length ?
-
-		// Leverage slice if possible
-		function( target, els ) {
-			pushNative.apply( target, slice.call( els ) );
-		} :
-
-		// Support: IE<9
-		// Otherwise append directly
-		function( target, els ) {
-			var j = target.length,
-				i = 0;
-
-			// Can't trust NodeList.length
-			while ( ( target[ j++ ] = els[ i++ ] ) ) {}
-			target.length = j - 1;
-		}
-	};
-}
-
-function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) {
-	var m, i, elem, nid, match, groups, newSelector,
-		newContext = context && context.ownerDocument,
-
-		// nodeType defaults to 9, since context defaults to document
-		nodeType = context ? context.nodeType : 9;
-
-	results = results || [];
-
-	// Return early from calls with invalid selector or context
-	if ( typeof selector !== "string" || !selector ||
-		nodeType !== 1 && nodeType !== 9 && nodeType !== 11 ) {
-
-		return results;
-	}
-
-	// Try to shortcut find operations (as opposed to filters) in HTML documents
-	if ( !seed ) {
-		setDocument( context );
-		context = context || document;
-
-		if ( documentIsHTML ) {
-
-			// If the selector is sufficiently simple, try using a "get*By*" DOM method
-			// (excepting DocumentFragment context, where the methods don't exist)
-			if ( nodeType !== 11 && ( match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ) ) ) {
-
-				// ID selector
-				if ( ( m = match[ 1 ] ) ) {
-
-					// Document context
-					if ( nodeType === 9 ) {
-						if ( ( elem = context.getElementById( m ) ) ) {
-
-							// Support: IE, Opera, Webkit
-							// TODO: identify versions
-							// getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID
-							if ( elem.id === m ) {
-								results.push( elem );
-								return results;
-							}
-						} else {
-							return results;
-						}
-
-					// Element context
-					} else {
-
-						// Support: IE, Opera, Webkit
-						// TODO: identify versions
-						// getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID
-						if ( newContext && ( elem = newContext.getElementById( m ) ) &&
-							contains( context, elem ) &&
-							elem.id === m ) {
-
-							results.push( elem );
-							return results;
-						}
-					}
-
-				// Type selector
-				} else if ( match[ 2 ] ) {
-					push.apply( results, context.getElementsByTagName( selector ) );
-					return results;
-
-				// Class selector
-				} else if ( ( m = match[ 3 ] ) && support.getElementsByClassName &&
-					context.getElementsByClassName ) {
-
-					push.apply( results, context.getElementsByClassName( m ) );
-					return results;
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Take advantage of querySelectorAll
-			if ( support.qsa &&
-				!nonnativeSelectorCache[ selector + " " ] &&
-				( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( selector ) ) &&
-
-				// Support: IE 8 only
-				// Exclude object elements
-				( nodeType !== 1 || context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) ) {
-
-				newSelector = selector;
-				newContext = context;
-
-				// qSA considers elements outside a scoping root when evaluating child or
-				// descendant combinators, which is not what we want.
-				// In such cases, we work around the behavior by prefixing every selector in the
-				// list with an ID selector referencing the scope context.
-				// The technique has to be used as well when a leading combinator is used
-				// as such selectors are not recognized by querySelectorAll.
-				// Thanks to Andrew Dupont for this technique.
-				if ( nodeType === 1 &&
-					( rdescend.test( selector ) || rcombinators.test( selector ) ) ) {
-
-					// Expand context for sibling selectors
-					newContext = rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) ||
-						context;
-
-					// We can use :scope instead of the ID hack if the browser
-					// supports it & if we're not changing the context.
-					if ( newContext !== context || !support.scope ) {
-
-						// Capture the context ID, setting it first if necessary
-						if ( ( nid = context.getAttribute( "id" ) ) ) {
-							nid = nid.replace( rcssescape, fcssescape );
-						} else {
-							context.setAttribute( "id", ( nid = expando ) );
-						}
-					}
-
-					// Prefix every selector in the list
-					groups = tokenize( selector );
-					i = groups.length;
-					while ( i-- ) {
-						groups[ i ] = ( nid ? "#" + nid : ":scope" ) + " " +
-							toSelector( groups[ i ] );
-					}
-					newSelector = groups.join( "," );
-				}
-
-				try {
-					push.apply( results,
-						newContext.querySelectorAll( newSelector )
-					);
-					return results;
-				} catch ( qsaError ) {
-					nonnativeSelectorCache( selector, true );
-				} finally {
-					if ( nid === expando ) {
-						context.removeAttribute( "id" );
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// All others
-	return select( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ), context, results, seed );
-}
-
-/**
- * Create key-value caches of limited size
- * @returns {function(string, object)} Returns the Object data after storing it on itself with
- *	property name the (space-suffixed) string and (if the cache is larger than Expr.cacheLength)
- *	deleting the oldest entry
- */
-function createCache() {
-	var keys = [];
-
-	function cache( key, value ) {
-
-		// Use (key + " ") to avoid collision with native prototype properties (see Issue #157)
-		if ( keys.push( key + " " ) > Expr.cacheLength ) {
-
-			// Only keep the most recent entries
-			delete cache[ keys.shift() ];
-		}
-		return ( cache[ key + " " ] = value );
-	}
-	return cache;
-}
-
-/**
- * Mark a function for special use by Sizzle
- * @param {Function} fn The function to mark
- */
-function markFunction( fn ) {
-	fn[ expando ] = true;
-	return fn;
-}
-
-/**
- * Support testing using an element
- * @param {Function} fn Passed the created element and returns a boolean result
- */
-function assert( fn ) {
-	var el = document.createElement( "fieldset" );
-
-	try {
-		return !!fn( el );
-	} catch ( e ) {
-		return false;
-	} finally {
-
-		// Remove from its parent by default
-		if ( el.parentNode ) {
-			el.parentNode.removeChild( el );
-		}
-
-		// release memory in IE
-		el = null;
-	}
-}
-
-/**
- * Adds the same handler for all of the specified attrs
- * @param {String} attrs Pipe-separated list of attributes
- * @param {Function} handler The method that will be applied
- */
-function addHandle( attrs, handler ) {
-	var arr = attrs.split( "|" ),
-		i = arr.length;
-
-	while ( i-- ) {
-		Expr.attrHandle[ arr[ i ] ] = handler;
-	}
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks document order of two siblings
- * @param {Element} a
- * @param {Element} b
- * @returns {Number} Returns less than 0 if a precedes b, greater than 0 if a follows b
- */
-function siblingCheck( a, b ) {
-	var cur = b && a,
-		diff = cur && a.nodeType === 1 && b.nodeType === 1 &&
-			a.sourceIndex - b.sourceIndex;
-
-	// Use IE sourceIndex if available on both nodes
-	if ( diff ) {
-		return diff;
-	}
-
-	// Check if b follows a
-	if ( cur ) {
-		while ( ( cur = cur.nextSibling ) ) {
-			if ( cur === b ) {
-				return -1;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return a ? 1 : -1;
-}
-
-/**
- * Returns a function to use in pseudos for input types
- * @param {String} type
- */
-function createInputPseudo( type ) {
-	return function( elem ) {
-		var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
-		return name === "input" && elem.type === type;
-	};
-}
-
-/**
- * Returns a function to use in pseudos for buttons
- * @param {String} type
- */
-function createButtonPseudo( type ) {
-	return function( elem ) {
-		var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
-		return ( name === "input" || name === "button" ) && elem.type === type;
-	};
-}
-
-/**
- * Returns a function to use in pseudos for :enabled/:disabled
- * @param {Boolean} disabled true for :disabled; false for :enabled
- */
-function createDisabledPseudo( disabled ) {
-
-	// Known :disabled false positives: fieldset[disabled] > legend:nth-of-type(n+2) :can-disable
-	return function( elem ) {
-
-		// Only certain elements can match :enabled or :disabled
-		// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-enabled
-		// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-disabled
-		if ( "form" in elem ) {
-
-			// Check for inherited disabledness on relevant non-disabled elements:
-			// * listed form-associated elements in a disabled fieldset
-			//   https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#category-listed
-			//   https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-fe-disabled
-			// * option elements in a disabled optgroup
-			//   https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-option-disabled
-			// All such elements have a "form" property.
-			if ( elem.parentNode && elem.disabled === false ) {
-
-				// Option elements defer to a parent optgroup if present
-				if ( "label" in elem ) {
-					if ( "label" in elem.parentNode ) {
-						return elem.parentNode.disabled === disabled;
-					} else {
-						return elem.disabled === disabled;
-					}
-				}
-
-				// Support: IE 6 - 11
-				// Use the isDisabled shortcut property to check for disabled fieldset ancestors
-				return elem.isDisabled === disabled ||
-
-					// Where there is no isDisabled, check manually
-					/* jshint -W018 */
-					elem.isDisabled !== !disabled &&
-					inDisabledFieldset( elem ) === disabled;
-			}
-
-			return elem.disabled === disabled;
-
-		// Try to winnow out elements that can't be disabled before trusting the disabled property.
-		// Some victims get caught in our net (label, legend, menu, track), but it shouldn't
-		// even exist on them, let alone have a boolean value.
-		} else if ( "label" in elem ) {
-			return elem.disabled === disabled;
-		}
-
-		// Remaining elements are neither :enabled nor :disabled
-		return false;
-	};
-}
-
-/**
- * Returns a function to use in pseudos for positionals
- * @param {Function} fn
- */
-function createPositionalPseudo( fn ) {
-	return markFunction( function( argument ) {
-		argument = +argument;
-		return markFunction( function( seed, matches ) {
-			var j,
-				matchIndexes = fn( [], seed.length, argument ),
-				i = matchIndexes.length;
-
-			// Match elements found at the specified indexes
-			while ( i-- ) {
-				if ( seed[ ( j = matchIndexes[ i ] ) ] ) {
-					seed[ j ] = !( matches[ j ] = seed[ j ] );
-				}
-			}
-		} );
-	} );
-}
-
-/**
- * Checks a node for validity as a Sizzle context
- * @param {Element|Object=} context
- * @returns {Element|Object|Boolean} The input node if acceptable, otherwise a falsy value
- */
-function testContext( context ) {
-	return context && typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" && context;
-}
-
-// Expose support vars for convenience
-support = Sizzle.support = {};
-
-/**
- * Detects XML nodes
- * @param {Element|Object} elem An element or a document
- * @returns {Boolean} True iff elem is a non-HTML XML node
- */
-isXML = Sizzle.isXML = function( elem ) {
-	var namespace = elem && elem.namespaceURI,
-		docElem = elem && ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ).documentElement;
-
-	// Support: IE <=8
-	// Assume HTML when documentElement doesn't yet exist, such as inside loading iframes
-	// https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/4833
-	return !rhtml.test( namespace || docElem && docElem.nodeName || "HTML" );
-};
-
-/**
- * Sets document-related variables once based on the current document
- * @param {Element|Object} [doc] An element or document object to use to set the document
- * @returns {Object} Returns the current document
- */
-setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
-	var hasCompare, subWindow,
-		doc = node ? node.ownerDocument || node : preferredDoc;
-
-	// Return early if doc is invalid or already selected
-	// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
-	// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
-	// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
-	// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
-	if ( doc == document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement ) {
-		return document;
-	}
-
-	// Update global variables
-	document = doc;
-	docElem = document.documentElement;
-	documentIsHTML = !isXML( document );
-
-	// Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+
-	// Accessing iframe documents after unload throws "permission denied" errors (jQuery #13936)
-	// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
-	// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
-	// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
-	// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
-	if ( preferredDoc != document &&
-		( subWindow = document.defaultView ) && subWindow.top !== subWindow ) {
-
-		// Support: IE 11, Edge
-		if ( subWindow.addEventListener ) {
-			subWindow.addEventListener( "unload", unloadHandler, false );
-
-		// Support: IE 9 - 10 only
-		} else if ( subWindow.attachEvent ) {
-			subWindow.attachEvent( "onunload", unloadHandler );
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Support: IE 8 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, Chrome <=16 - 25 only, Firefox <=3.6 - 31 only,
-	// Safari 4 - 5 only, Opera <=11.6 - 12.x only
-	// IE/Edge & older browsers don't support the :scope pseudo-class.
-	// Support: Safari 6.0 only
-	// Safari 6.0 supports :scope but it's an alias of :root there.
-	support.scope = assert( function( el ) {
-		docElem.appendChild( el ).appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) );
-		return typeof el.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" &&
-			!el.querySelectorAll( ":scope fieldset div" ).length;
-	} );
-
-	/* Attributes
-	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-	// Support: IE<8
-	// Verify that getAttribute really returns attributes and not properties
-	// (excepting IE8 booleans)
-	support.attributes = assert( function( el ) {
-		el.className = "i";
-		return !el.getAttribute( "className" );
-	} );
-
-	/* getElement(s)By*
-	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-	// Check if getElementsByTagName("*") returns only elements
-	support.getElementsByTagName = assert( function( el ) {
-		el.appendChild( document.createComment( "" ) );
-		return !el.getElementsByTagName( "*" ).length;
-	} );
-
-	// Support: IE<9
-	support.getElementsByClassName = rnative.test( document.getElementsByClassName );
-
-	// Support: IE<10
-	// Check if getElementById returns elements by name
-	// The broken getElementById methods don't pick up programmatically-set names,
-	// so use a roundabout getElementsByName test
-	support.getById = assert( function( el ) {
-		docElem.appendChild( el ).id = expando;
-		return !document.getElementsByName || !document.getElementsByName( expando ).length;
-	} );
-
-	// ID filter and find
-	if ( support.getById ) {
-		Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) {
-			var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape );
-			return function( elem ) {
-				return elem.getAttribute( "id" ) === attrId;
-			};
-		};
-		Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) {
-			if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) {
-				var elem = context.getElementById( id );
-				return elem ? [ elem ] : [];
-			}
-		};
-	} else {
-		Expr.filter[ "ID" ] =  function( id ) {
-			var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape );
-			return function( elem ) {
-				var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== "undefined" &&
-					elem.getAttributeNode( "id" );
-				return node && node.value === attrId;
-			};
-		};
-
-		// Support: IE 6 - 7 only
-		// getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut
-		Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) {
-			if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) {
-				var node, i, elems,
-					elem = context.getElementById( id );
-
-				if ( elem ) {
-
-					// Verify the id attribute
-					node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" );
-					if ( node && node.value === id ) {
-						return [ elem ];
-					}
-
-					// Fall back on getElementsByName
-					elems = context.getElementsByName( id );
-					i = 0;
-					while ( ( elem = elems[ i++ ] ) ) {
-						node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" );
-						if ( node && node.value === id ) {
-							return [ elem ];
-						}
-					}
-				}
-
-				return [];
-			}
-		};
-	}
-
-	// Tag
-	Expr.find[ "TAG" ] = support.getElementsByTagName ?
-		function( tag, context ) {
-			if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) {
-				return context.getElementsByTagName( tag );
-
-			// DocumentFragment nodes don't have gEBTN
-			} else if ( support.qsa ) {
-				return context.querySelectorAll( tag );
-			}
-		} :
-
-		function( tag, context ) {
-			var elem,
-				tmp = [],
-				i = 0,
-
-				// By happy coincidence, a (broken) gEBTN appears on DocumentFragment nodes too
-				results = context.getElementsByTagName( tag );
-
-			// Filter out possible comments
-			if ( tag === "*" ) {
-				while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) {
-					if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
-						tmp.push( elem );
-					}
-				}
-
-				return tmp;
-			}
-			return results;
-		};
-
-	// Class
-	Expr.find[ "CLASS" ] = support.getElementsByClassName && function( className, context ) {
-		if ( typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) {
-			return context.getElementsByClassName( className );
-		}
-	};
-
-	/* QSA/matchesSelector
-	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-	// QSA and matchesSelector support
-
-	// matchesSelector(:active) reports false when true (IE9/Opera 11.5)
-	rbuggyMatches = [];
-
-	// qSa(:focus) reports false when true (Chrome 21)
-	// We allow this because of a bug in IE8/9 that throws an error
-	// whenever `document.activeElement` is accessed on an iframe
-	// So, we allow :focus to pass through QSA all the time to avoid the IE error
-	// See https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13378
-	rbuggyQSA = [];
-
-	if ( ( support.qsa = rnative.test( document.querySelectorAll ) ) ) {
-
-		// Build QSA regex
-		// Regex strategy adopted from Diego Perini
-		assert( function( el ) {
-
-			var input;
-
-			// Select is set to empty string on purpose
-			// This is to test IE's treatment of not explicitly
-			// setting a boolean content attribute,
-			// since its presence should be enough
-			// https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12359
-			docElem.appendChild( el ).innerHTML = "<a id='" + expando + "'></a>" +
-				"<select id='" + expando + "-\r\\' msallowcapture=''>" +
-				"<option selected=''></option></select>";
-
-			// Support: IE8, Opera 11-12.16
-			// Nothing should be selected when empty strings follow ^= or $= or *=
-			// The test attribute must be unknown in Opera but "safe" for WinRT
-			// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/hh465388.aspx#attribute_section
-			if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[msallowcapture^='']" ).length ) {
-				rbuggyQSA.push( "[*^$]=" + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" );
-			}
-
-			// Support: IE8
-			// Boolean attributes and "value" are not treated correctly
-			if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[selected]" ).length ) {
-				rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*(?:value|" + booleans + ")" );
-			}
-
-			// Support: Chrome<29, Android<4.4, Safari<7.0+, iOS<7.0+, PhantomJS<1.9.8+
-			if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[id~=" + expando + "-]" ).length ) {
-				rbuggyQSA.push( "~=" );
-			}
-
-			// Support: IE 11+, Edge 15 - 18+
-			// IE 11/Edge don't find elements on a `[name='']` query in some cases.
-			// Adding a temporary attribute to the document before the selection works
-			// around the issue.
-			// Interestingly, IE 10 & older don't seem to have the issue.
-			input = document.createElement( "input" );
-			input.setAttribute( "name", "" );
-			el.appendChild( input );
-			if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[name='']" ).length ) {
-				rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*name" + whitespace + "*=" +
-					whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" );
-			}
-
-			// Webkit/Opera - :checked should return selected option elements
-			// http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked
-			// IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests
-			if ( !el.querySelectorAll( ":checked" ).length ) {
-				rbuggyQSA.push( ":checked" );
-			}
-
-			// Support: Safari 8+, iOS 8+
-			// https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=136851
-			// In-page `selector#id sibling-combinator selector` fails
-			if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "a#" + expando + "+*" ).length ) {
-				rbuggyQSA.push( ".#.+[+~]" );
-			}
-
-			// Support: Firefox <=3.6 - 5 only
-			// Old Firefox doesn't throw on a badly-escaped identifier.
-			el.querySelectorAll( "\\\f" );
-			rbuggyQSA.push( "[\\r\\n\\f]" );
-		} );
-
-		assert( function( el ) {
-			el.innerHTML = "<a href='' disabled='disabled'></a>" +
-				"<select disabled='disabled'><option/></select>";
-
-			// Support: Windows 8 Native Apps
-			// The type and name attributes are restricted during .innerHTML assignment
-			var input = document.createElement( "input" );
-			input.setAttribute( "type", "hidden" );
-			el.appendChild( input ).setAttribute( "name", "D" );
-
-			// Support: IE8
-			// Enforce case-sensitivity of name attribute
-			if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[name=d]" ).length ) {
-				rbuggyQSA.push( "name" + whitespace + "*[*^$|!~]?=" );
-			}
-
-			// FF 3.5 - :enabled/:disabled and hidden elements (hidden elements are still enabled)
-			// IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests
-			if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":enabled" ).length !== 2 ) {
-				rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" );
-			}
-
-			// Support: IE9-11+
-			// IE's :disabled selector does not pick up the children of disabled fieldsets
-			docElem.appendChild( el ).disabled = true;
-			if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":disabled" ).length !== 2 ) {
-				rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" );
-			}
-
-			// Support: Opera 10 - 11 only
-			// Opera 10-11 does not throw on post-comma invalid pseudos
-			el.querySelectorAll( "*,:x" );
-			rbuggyQSA.push( ",.*:" );
-		} );
-	}
-
-	if ( ( support.matchesSelector = rnative.test( ( matches = docElem.matches ||
-		docElem.webkitMatchesSelector ||
-		docElem.mozMatchesSelector ||
-		docElem.oMatchesSelector ||
-		docElem.msMatchesSelector ) ) ) ) {
-
-		assert( function( el ) {
-
-			// Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector
-			// on a disconnected node (IE 9)
-			support.disconnectedMatch = matches.call( el, "*" );
-
-			// This should fail with an exception
-			// Gecko does not error, returns false instead
-			matches.call( el, "[s!='']:x" );
-			rbuggyMatches.push( "!=", pseudos );
-		} );
-	}
-
-	rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp( rbuggyQSA.join( "|" ) );
-	rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp( rbuggyMatches.join( "|" ) );
-
-	/* Contains
-	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-	hasCompare = rnative.test( docElem.compareDocumentPosition );
-
-	// Element contains another
-	// Purposefully self-exclusive
-	// As in, an element does not contain itself
-	contains = hasCompare || rnative.test( docElem.contains ) ?
-		function( a, b ) {
-			var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a,
-				bup = b && b.parentNode;
-			return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && (
-				adown.contains ?
-					adown.contains( bup ) :
-					a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16
-			) );
-		} :
-		function( a, b ) {
-			if ( b ) {
-				while ( ( b = b.parentNode ) ) {
-					if ( b === a ) {
-						return true;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			return false;
-		};
-
-	/* Sorting
-	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-	// Document order sorting
-	sortOrder = hasCompare ?
-	function( a, b ) {
-
-		// Flag for duplicate removal
-		if ( a === b ) {
-			hasDuplicate = true;
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		// Sort on method existence if only one input has compareDocumentPosition
-		var compare = !a.compareDocumentPosition - !b.compareDocumentPosition;
-		if ( compare ) {
-			return compare;
-		}
-
-		// Calculate position if both inputs belong to the same document
-		// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
-		// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
-		// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
-		// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
-		compare = ( a.ownerDocument || a ) == ( b.ownerDocument || b ) ?
-			a.compareDocumentPosition( b ) :
-
-			// Otherwise we know they are disconnected
-			1;
-
-		// Disconnected nodes
-		if ( compare & 1 ||
-			( !support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition( a ) === compare ) ) {
-
-			// Choose the first element that is related to our preferred document
-			// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
-			// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
-			// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
-			// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
-			if ( a == document || a.ownerDocument == preferredDoc &&
-				contains( preferredDoc, a ) ) {
-				return -1;
-			}
-
-			// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
-			// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
-			// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
-			// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
-			if ( b == document || b.ownerDocument == preferredDoc &&
-				contains( preferredDoc, b ) ) {
-				return 1;
-			}
-
-			// Maintain original order
-			return sortInput ?
-				( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) :
-				0;
-		}
-
-		return compare & 4 ? -1 : 1;
-	} :
-	function( a, b ) {
-
-		// Exit early if the nodes are identical
-		if ( a === b ) {
-			hasDuplicate = true;
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		var cur,
-			i = 0,
-			aup = a.parentNode,
-			bup = b.parentNode,
-			ap = [ a ],
-			bp = [ b ];
-
-		// Parentless nodes are either documents or disconnected
-		if ( !aup || !bup ) {
-
-			// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
-			// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
-			// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
-			/* eslint-disable eqeqeq */
-			return a == document ? -1 :
-				b == document ? 1 :
-				/* eslint-enable eqeqeq */
-				aup ? -1 :
-				bup ? 1 :
-				sortInput ?
-				( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) :
-				0;
-
-		// If the nodes are siblings, we can do a quick check
-		} else if ( aup === bup ) {
-			return siblingCheck( a, b );
-		}
-
-		// Otherwise we need full lists of their ancestors for comparison
-		cur = a;
-		while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) {
-			ap.unshift( cur );
-		}
-		cur = b;
-		while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) {
-			bp.unshift( cur );
-		}
-
-		// Walk down the tree looking for a discrepancy
-		while ( ap[ i ] === bp[ i ] ) {
-			i++;
-		}
-
-		return i ?
-
-			// Do a sibling check if the nodes have a common ancestor
-			siblingCheck( ap[ i ], bp[ i ] ) :
-
-			// Otherwise nodes in our document sort first
-			// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
-			// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
-			// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
-			/* eslint-disable eqeqeq */
-			ap[ i ] == preferredDoc ? -1 :
-			bp[ i ] == preferredDoc ? 1 :
-			/* eslint-enable eqeqeq */
-			0;
-	};
-
-	return document;
-};
-
-Sizzle.matches = function( expr, elements ) {
-	return Sizzle( expr, null, null, elements );
-};
-
-Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( elem, expr ) {
-	setDocument( elem );
-
-	if ( support.matchesSelector && documentIsHTML &&
-		!nonnativeSelectorCache[ expr + " " ] &&
-		( !rbuggyMatches || !rbuggyMatches.test( expr ) ) &&
-		( !rbuggyQSA     || !rbuggyQSA.test( expr ) ) ) {
-
-		try {
-			var ret = matches.call( elem, expr );
-
-			// IE 9's matchesSelector returns false on disconnected nodes
-			if ( ret || support.disconnectedMatch ||
-
-				// As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document
-				// fragment in IE 9
-				elem.document && elem.document.nodeType !== 11 ) {
-				return ret;
-			}
-		} catch ( e ) {
-			nonnativeSelectorCache( expr, true );
-		}
-	}
-
-	return Sizzle( expr, document, null, [ elem ] ).length > 0;
-};
-
-Sizzle.contains = function( context, elem ) {
-
-	// Set document vars if needed
-	// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
-	// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
-	// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
-	// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
-	if ( ( context.ownerDocument || context ) != document ) {
-		setDocument( context );
-	}
-	return contains( context, elem );
-};
-
-Sizzle.attr = function( elem, name ) {
-
-	// Set document vars if needed
-	// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
-	// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
-	// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
-	// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
-	if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) != document ) {
-		setDocument( elem );
-	}
-
-	var fn = Expr.attrHandle[ name.toLowerCase() ],
-
-		// Don't get fooled by Object.prototype properties (jQuery #13807)
-		val = fn && hasOwn.call( Expr.attrHandle, name.toLowerCase() ) ?
-			fn( elem, name, !documentIsHTML ) :
-			undefined;
-
-	return val !== undefined ?
-		val :
-		support.attributes || !documentIsHTML ?
-			elem.getAttribute( name ) :
-			( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ?
-				val.value :
-				null;
-};
-
-Sizzle.escape = function( sel ) {
-	return ( sel + "" ).replace( rcssescape, fcssescape );
-};
-
-Sizzle.error = function( msg ) {
-	throw new Error( "Syntax error, unrecognized expression: " + msg );
-};
-
-/**
- * Document sorting and removing duplicates
- * @param {ArrayLike} results
- */
-Sizzle.uniqueSort = function( results ) {
-	var elem,
-		duplicates = [],
-		j = 0,
-		i = 0;
-
-	// Unless we *know* we can detect duplicates, assume their presence
-	hasDuplicate = !support.detectDuplicates;
-	sortInput = !support.sortStable && results.slice( 0 );
-	results.sort( sortOrder );
-
-	if ( hasDuplicate ) {
-		while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) {
-			if ( elem === results[ i ] ) {
-				j = duplicates.push( i );
-			}
-		}
-		while ( j-- ) {
-			results.splice( duplicates[ j ], 1 );
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Clear input after sorting to release objects
-	// See https://github.com/jquery/sizzle/pull/225
-	sortInput = null;
-
-	return results;
-};
-
-/**
- * Utility function for retrieving the text value of an array of DOM nodes
- * @param {Array|Element} elem
- */
-getText = Sizzle.getText = function( elem ) {
-	var node,
-		ret = "",
-		i = 0,
-		nodeType = elem.nodeType;
-
-	if ( !nodeType ) {
-
-		// If no nodeType, this is expected to be an array
-		while ( ( node = elem[ i++ ] ) ) {
-
-			// Do not traverse comment nodes
-			ret += getText( node );
-		}
-	} else if ( nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 9 || nodeType === 11 ) {
-
-		// Use textContent for elements
-		// innerText usage removed for consistency of new lines (jQuery #11153)
-		if ( typeof elem.textContent === "string" ) {
-			return elem.textContent;
-		} else {
-
-			// Traverse its children
-			for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) {
-				ret += getText( elem );
-			}
-		}
-	} else if ( nodeType === 3 || nodeType === 4 ) {
-		return elem.nodeValue;
-	}
-
-	// Do not include comment or processing instruction nodes
-
-	return ret;
-};
-
-Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {
-
-	// Can be adjusted by the user
-	cacheLength: 50,
-
-	createPseudo: markFunction,
-
-	match: matchExpr,
-
-	attrHandle: {},
-
-	find: {},
-
-	relative: {
-		">": { dir: "parentNode", first: true },
-		" ": { dir: "parentNode" },
-		"+": { dir: "previousSibling", first: true },
-		"~": { dir: "previousSibling" }
-	},
-
-	preFilter: {
-		"ATTR": function( match ) {
-			match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].replace( runescape, funescape );
-
-			// Move the given value to match[3] whether quoted or unquoted
-			match[ 3 ] = ( match[ 3 ] || match[ 4 ] ||
-				match[ 5 ] || "" ).replace( runescape, funescape );
-
-			if ( match[ 2 ] === "~=" ) {
-				match[ 3 ] = " " + match[ 3 ] + " ";
-			}
-
-			return match.slice( 0, 4 );
-		},
-
-		"CHILD": function( match ) {
-
-			/* matches from matchExpr["CHILD"]
-				1 type (only|nth|...)
-				2 what (child|of-type)
-				3 argument (even|odd|\d*|\d*n([+-]\d+)?|...)
-				4 xn-component of xn+y argument ([+-]?\d*n|)
-				5 sign of xn-component
-				6 x of xn-component
-				7 sign of y-component
-				8 y of y-component
-			*/
-			match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].toLowerCase();
-
-			if ( match[ 1 ].slice( 0, 3 ) === "nth" ) {
-
-				// nth-* requires argument
-				if ( !match[ 3 ] ) {
-					Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] );
-				}
-
-				// numeric x and y parameters for Expr.filter.CHILD
-				// remember that false/true cast respectively to 0/1
-				match[ 4 ] = +( match[ 4 ] ?
-					match[ 5 ] + ( match[ 6 ] || 1 ) :
-					2 * ( match[ 3 ] === "even" || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ) );
-				match[ 5 ] = +( ( match[ 7 ] + match[ 8 ] ) || match[ 3 ] === "odd" );
-
-				// other types prohibit arguments
-			} else if ( match[ 3 ] ) {
-				Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] );
-			}
-
-			return match;
-		},
-
-		"PSEUDO": function( match ) {
-			var excess,
-				unquoted = !match[ 6 ] && match[ 2 ];
-
-			if ( matchExpr[ "CHILD" ].test( match[ 0 ] ) ) {
-				return null;
-			}
-
-			// Accept quoted arguments as-is
-			if ( match[ 3 ] ) {
-				match[ 2 ] = match[ 4 ] || match[ 5 ] || "";
-
-			// Strip excess characters from unquoted arguments
-			} else if ( unquoted && rpseudo.test( unquoted ) &&
-
-				// Get excess from tokenize (recursively)
-				( excess = tokenize( unquoted, true ) ) &&
-
-				// advance to the next closing parenthesis
-				( excess = unquoted.indexOf( ")", unquoted.length - excess ) - unquoted.length ) ) {
-
-				// excess is a negative index
-				match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0, excess );
-				match[ 2 ] = unquoted.slice( 0, excess );
-			}
-
-			// Return only captures needed by the pseudo filter method (type and argument)
-			return match.slice( 0, 3 );
-		}
-	},
-
-	filter: {
-
-		"TAG": function( nodeNameSelector ) {
-			var nodeName = nodeNameSelector.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase();
-			return nodeNameSelector === "*" ?
-				function() {
-					return true;
-				} :
-				function( elem ) {
-					return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName;
-				};
-		},
-
-		"CLASS": function( className ) {
-			var pattern = classCache[ className + " " ];
-
-			return pattern ||
-				( pattern = new RegExp( "(^|" + whitespace +
-					")" + className + "(" + whitespace + "|$)" ) ) && classCache(
-						className, function( elem ) {
-							return pattern.test(
-								typeof elem.className === "string" && elem.className ||
-								typeof elem.getAttribute !== "undefined" &&
-									elem.getAttribute( "class" ) ||
-								""
-							);
-				} );
-		},
-
-		"ATTR": function( name, operator, check ) {
-			return function( elem ) {
-				var result = Sizzle.attr( elem, name );
-
-				if ( result == null ) {
-					return operator === "!=";
-				}
-				if ( !operator ) {
-					return true;
-				}
-
-				result += "";
-
-				/* eslint-disable max-len */
-
-				return operator === "=" ? result === check :
-					operator === "!=" ? result !== check :
-					operator === "^=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) === 0 :
-					operator === "*=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) > -1 :
-					operator === "$=" ? check && result.slice( -check.length ) === check :
-					operator === "~=" ? ( " " + result.replace( rwhitespace, " " ) + " " ).indexOf( check ) > -1 :
-					operator === "|=" ? result === check || result.slice( 0, check.length + 1 ) === check + "-" :
-					false;
-				/* eslint-enable max-len */
-
-			};
-		},
-
-		"CHILD": function( type, what, _argument, first, last ) {
-			var simple = type.slice( 0, 3 ) !== "nth",
-				forward = type.slice( -4 ) !== "last",
-				ofType = what === "of-type";
-
-			return first === 1 && last === 0 ?
-
-				// Shortcut for :nth-*(n)
-				function( elem ) {
-					return !!elem.parentNode;
-				} :
-
-				function( elem, _context, xml ) {
-					var cache, uniqueCache, outerCache, node, nodeIndex, start,
-						dir = simple !== forward ? "nextSibling" : "previousSibling",
-						parent = elem.parentNode,
-						name = ofType && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(),
-						useCache = !xml && !ofType,
-						diff = false;
-
-					if ( parent ) {
-
-						// :(first|last|only)-(child|of-type)
-						if ( simple ) {
-							while ( dir ) {
-								node = elem;
-								while ( ( node = node[ dir ] ) ) {
-									if ( ofType ?
-										node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name :
-										node.nodeType === 1 ) {
-
-										return false;
-									}
-								}
-
-								// Reverse direction for :only-* (if we haven't yet done so)
-								start = dir = type === "only" && !start && "nextSibling";
-							}
-							return true;
-						}
-
-						start = [ forward ? parent.firstChild : parent.lastChild ];
-
-						// non-xml :nth-child(...) stores cache data on `parent`
-						if ( forward && useCache ) {
-
-							// Seek `elem` from a previously-cached index
-
-							// ...in a gzip-friendly way
-							node = parent;
-							outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} );
-
-							// Support: IE <9 only
-							// Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709)
-							uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] ||
-								( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} );
-
-							cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || [];
-							nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ];
-							diff = nodeIndex && cache[ 2 ];
-							node = nodeIndex && parent.childNodes[ nodeIndex ];
-
-							while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] ||
-
-								// Fallback to seeking `elem` from the start
-								( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) {
-
-								// When found, cache indexes on `parent` and break
-								if ( node.nodeType === 1 && ++diff && node === elem ) {
-									uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, nodeIndex, diff ];
-									break;
-								}
-							}
-
-						} else {
-
-							// Use previously-cached element index if available
-							if ( useCache ) {
-
-								// ...in a gzip-friendly way
-								node = elem;
-								outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} );
-
-								// Support: IE <9 only
-								// Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709)
-								uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] ||
-									( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} );
-
-								cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || [];
-								nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ];
-								diff = nodeIndex;
-							}
-
-							// xml :nth-child(...)
-							// or :nth-last-child(...) or :nth(-last)?-of-type(...)
-							if ( diff === false ) {
-
-								// Use the same loop as above to seek `elem` from the start
-								while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] ||
-									( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) {
-
-									if ( ( ofType ?
-										node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name :
-										node.nodeType === 1 ) &&
-										++diff ) {
-
-										// Cache the index of each encountered element
-										if ( useCache ) {
-											outerCache = node[ expando ] ||
-												( node[ expando ] = {} );
-
-											// Support: IE <9 only
-											// Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709)
-											uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] ||
-												( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} );
-
-											uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, diff ];
-										}
-
-										if ( node === elem ) {
-											break;
-										}
-									}
-								}
-							}
-						}
-
-						// Incorporate the offset, then check against cycle size
-						diff -= last;
-						return diff === first || ( diff % first === 0 && diff / first >= 0 );
-					}
-				};
-		},
-
-		"PSEUDO": function( pseudo, argument ) {
-
-			// pseudo-class names are case-insensitive
-			// http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#pseudo-classes
-			// Prioritize by case sensitivity in case custom pseudos are added with uppercase letters
-			// Remember that setFilters inherits from pseudos
-			var args,
-				fn = Expr.pseudos[ pseudo ] || Expr.setFilters[ pseudo.toLowerCase() ] ||
-					Sizzle.error( "unsupported pseudo: " + pseudo );
-
-			// The user may use createPseudo to indicate that
-			// arguments are needed to create the filter function
-			// just as Sizzle does
-			if ( fn[ expando ] ) {
-				return fn( argument );
-			}
-
-			// But maintain support for old signatures
-			if ( fn.length > 1 ) {
-				args = [ pseudo, pseudo, "", argument ];
-				return Expr.setFilters.hasOwnProperty( pseudo.toLowerCase() ) ?
-					markFunction( function( seed, matches ) {
-						var idx,
-							matched = fn( seed, argument ),
-							i = matched.length;
-						while ( i-- ) {
-							idx = indexOf( seed, matched[ i ] );
-							seed[ idx ] = !( matches[ idx ] = matched[ i ] );
-						}
-					} ) :
-					function( elem ) {
-						return fn( elem, 0, args );
-					};
-			}
-
-			return fn;
-		}
-	},
-
-	pseudos: {
-
-		// Potentially complex pseudos
-		"not": markFunction( function( selector ) {
-
-			// Trim the selector passed to compile
-			// to avoid treating leading and trailing
-			// spaces as combinators
-			var input = [],
-				results = [],
-				matcher = compile( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ) );
-
-			return matcher[ expando ] ?
-				markFunction( function( seed, matches, _context, xml ) {
-					var elem,
-						unmatched = matcher( seed, null, xml, [] ),
-						i = seed.length;
-
-					// Match elements unmatched by `matcher`
-					while ( i-- ) {
-						if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) {
-							seed[ i ] = !( matches[ i ] = elem );
-						}
-					}
-				} ) :
-				function( elem, _context, xml ) {
-					input[ 0 ] = elem;
-					matcher( input, null, xml, results );
-
-					// Don't keep the element (issue #299)
-					input[ 0 ] = null;
-					return !results.pop();
-				};
-		} ),
-
-		"has": markFunction( function( selector ) {
-			return function( elem ) {
-				return Sizzle( selector, elem ).length > 0;
-			};
-		} ),
-
-		"contains": markFunction( function( text ) {
-			text = text.replace( runescape, funescape );
-			return function( elem ) {
-				return ( elem.textContent || getText( elem ) ).indexOf( text ) > -1;
-			};
-		} ),
-
-		// "Whether an element is represented by a :lang() selector
-		// is based solely on the element's language value
-		// being equal to the identifier C,
-		// or beginning with the identifier C immediately followed by "-".
-		// The matching of C against the element's language value is performed case-insensitively.
-		// The identifier C does not have to be a valid language name."
-		// http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#lang-pseudo
-		"lang": markFunction( function( lang ) {
-
-			// lang value must be a valid identifier
-			if ( !ridentifier.test( lang || "" ) ) {
-				Sizzle.error( "unsupported lang: " + lang );
-			}
-			lang = lang.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase();
-			return function( elem ) {
-				var elemLang;
-				do {
-					if ( ( elemLang = documentIsHTML ?
-						elem.lang :
-						elem.getAttribute( "xml:lang" ) || elem.getAttribute( "lang" ) ) ) {
-
-						elemLang = elemLang.toLowerCase();
-						return elemLang === lang || elemLang.indexOf( lang + "-" ) === 0;
-					}
-				} while ( ( elem = elem.parentNode ) && elem.nodeType === 1 );
-				return false;
-			};
-		} ),
-
-		// Miscellaneous
-		"target": function( elem ) {
-			var hash = window.location && window.location.hash;
-			return hash && hash.slice( 1 ) === elem.id;
-		},
-
-		"root": function( elem ) {
-			return elem === docElem;
-		},
-
-		"focus": function( elem ) {
-			return elem === document.activeElement &&
-				( !document.hasFocus || document.hasFocus() ) &&
-				!!( elem.type || elem.href || ~elem.tabIndex );
-		},
-
-		// Boolean properties
-		"enabled": createDisabledPseudo( false ),
-		"disabled": createDisabledPseudo( true ),
-
-		"checked": function( elem ) {
-
-			// In CSS3, :checked should return both checked and selected elements
-			// http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked
-			var nodeName = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
-			return ( nodeName === "input" && !!elem.checked ) ||
-				( nodeName === "option" && !!elem.selected );
-		},
-
-		"selected": function( elem ) {
-
-			// Accessing this property makes selected-by-default
-			// options in Safari work properly
-			if ( elem.parentNode ) {
-				// eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions
-				elem.parentNode.selectedIndex;
-			}
-
-			return elem.selected === true;
-		},
-
-		// Contents
-		"empty": function( elem ) {
-
-			// http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#empty-pseudo
-			// :empty is negated by element (1) or content nodes (text: 3; cdata: 4; entity ref: 5),
-			//   but not by others (comment: 8; processing instruction: 7; etc.)
-			// nodeType < 6 works because attributes (2) do not appear as children
-			for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) {
-				if ( elem.nodeType < 6 ) {
-					return false;
-				}
-			}
-			return true;
-		},
-
-		"parent": function( elem ) {
-			return !Expr.pseudos[ "empty" ]( elem );
-		},
-
-		// Element/input types
-		"header": function( elem ) {
-			return rheader.test( elem.nodeName );
-		},
-
-		"input": function( elem ) {
-			return rinputs.test( elem.nodeName );
-		},
-
-		"button": function( elem ) {
-			var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
-			return name === "input" && elem.type === "button" || name === "button";
-		},
-
-		"text": function( elem ) {
-			var attr;
-			return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" &&
-				elem.type === "text" &&
-
-				// Support: IE<8
-				// New HTML5 attribute values (e.g., "search") appear with elem.type === "text"
-				( ( attr = elem.getAttribute( "type" ) ) == null ||
-					attr.toLowerCase() === "text" );
-		},
-
-		// Position-in-collection
-		"first": createPositionalPseudo( function() {
-			return [ 0 ];
-		} ),
-
-		"last": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length ) {
-			return [ length - 1 ];
-		} ),
-
-		"eq": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
-			return [ argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument ];
-		} ),
-
-		"even": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) {
-			var i = 0;
-			for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) {
-				matchIndexes.push( i );
-			}
-			return matchIndexes;
-		} ),
-
-		"odd": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) {
-			var i = 1;
-			for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) {
-				matchIndexes.push( i );
-			}
-			return matchIndexes;
-		} ),
-
-		"lt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
-			var i = argument < 0 ?
-				argument + length :
-				argument > length ?
-					length :
-					argument;
-			for ( ; --i >= 0; ) {
-				matchIndexes.push( i );
-			}
-			return matchIndexes;
-		} ),
-
-		"gt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
-			var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument;
-			for ( ; ++i < length; ) {
-				matchIndexes.push( i );
-			}
-			return matchIndexes;
-		} )
-	}
-};
-
-Expr.pseudos[ "nth" ] = Expr.pseudos[ "eq" ];
-
-// Add button/input type pseudos
-for ( i in { radio: true, checkbox: true, file: true, password: true, image: true } ) {
-	Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createInputPseudo( i );
-}
-for ( i in { submit: true, reset: true } ) {
-	Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createButtonPseudo( i );
-}
-
-// Easy API for creating new setFilters
-function setFilters() {}
-setFilters.prototype = Expr.filters = Expr.pseudos;
-Expr.setFilters = new setFilters();
-
-tokenize = Sizzle.tokenize = function( selector, parseOnly ) {
-	var matched, match, tokens, type,
-		soFar, groups, preFilters,
-		cached = tokenCache[ selector + " " ];
-
-	if ( cached ) {
-		return parseOnly ? 0 : cached.slice( 0 );
-	}
-
-	soFar = selector;
-	groups = [];
-	preFilters = Expr.preFilter;
-
-	while ( soFar ) {
-
-		// Comma and first run
-		if ( !matched || ( match = rcomma.exec( soFar ) ) ) {
-			if ( match ) {
-
-				// Don't consume trailing commas as valid
-				soFar = soFar.slice( match[ 0 ].length ) || soFar;
-			}
-			groups.push( ( tokens = [] ) );
-		}
-
-		matched = false;
-
-		// Combinators
-		if ( ( match = rcombinators.exec( soFar ) ) ) {
-			matched = match.shift();
-			tokens.push( {
-				value: matched,
-
-				// Cast descendant combinators to space
-				type: match[ 0 ].replace( rtrim, " " )
-			} );
-			soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length );
-		}
-
-		// Filters
-		for ( type in Expr.filter ) {
-			if ( ( match = matchExpr[ type ].exec( soFar ) ) && ( !preFilters[ type ] ||
-				( match = preFilters[ type ]( match ) ) ) ) {
-				matched = match.shift();
-				tokens.push( {
-					value: matched,
-					type: type,
-					matches: match
-				} );
-				soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length );
-			}
-		}
-
-		if ( !matched ) {
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Return the length of the invalid excess
-	// if we're just parsing
-	// Otherwise, throw an error or return tokens
-	return parseOnly ?
-		soFar.length :
-		soFar ?
-			Sizzle.error( selector ) :
-
-			// Cache the tokens
-			tokenCache( selector, groups ).slice( 0 );
-};
-
-function toSelector( tokens ) {
-	var i = 0,
-		len = tokens.length,
-		selector = "";
-	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
-		selector += tokens[ i ].value;
-	}
-	return selector;
-}
-
-function addCombinator( matcher, combinator, base ) {
-	var dir = combinator.dir,
-		skip = combinator.next,
-		key = skip || dir,
-		checkNonElements = base && key === "parentNode",
-		doneName = done++;
-
-	return combinator.first ?
-
-		// Check against closest ancestor/preceding element
-		function( elem, context, xml ) {
-			while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) {
-				if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) {
-					return matcher( elem, context, xml );
-				}
-			}
-			return false;
-		} :
-
-		// Check against all ancestor/preceding elements
-		function( elem, context, xml ) {
-			var oldCache, uniqueCache, outerCache,
-				newCache = [ dirruns, doneName ];
-
-			// We can't set arbitrary data on XML nodes, so they don't benefit from combinator caching
-			if ( xml ) {
-				while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) {
-					if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) {
-						if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) {
-							return true;
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			} else {
-				while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) {
-					if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) {
-						outerCache = elem[ expando ] || ( elem[ expando ] = {} );
-
-						// Support: IE <9 only
-						// Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709)
-						uniqueCache = outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] ||
-							( outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] = {} );
-
-						if ( skip && skip === elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ) {
-							elem = elem[ dir ] || elem;
-						} else if ( ( oldCache = uniqueCache[ key ] ) &&
-							oldCache[ 0 ] === dirruns && oldCache[ 1 ] === doneName ) {
-
-							// Assign to newCache so results back-propagate to previous elements
-							return ( newCache[ 2 ] = oldCache[ 2 ] );
-						} else {
-
-							// Reuse newcache so results back-propagate to previous elements
-							uniqueCache[ key ] = newCache;
-
-							// A match means we're done; a fail means we have to keep checking
-							if ( ( newCache[ 2 ] = matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) ) {
-								return true;
-							}
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			return false;
-		};
-}
-
-function elementMatcher( matchers ) {
-	return matchers.length > 1 ?
-		function( elem, context, xml ) {
-			var i = matchers.length;
-			while ( i-- ) {
-				if ( !matchers[ i ]( elem, context, xml ) ) {
-					return false;
-				}
-			}
-			return true;
-		} :
-		matchers[ 0 ];
-}
-
-function multipleContexts( selector, contexts, results ) {
-	var i = 0,
-		len = contexts.length;
-	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
-		Sizzle( selector, contexts[ i ], results );
-	}
-	return results;
-}
-
-function condense( unmatched, map, filter, context, xml ) {
-	var elem,
-		newUnmatched = [],
-		i = 0,
-		len = unmatched.length,
-		mapped = map != null;
-
-	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
-		if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) {
-			if ( !filter || filter( elem, context, xml ) ) {
-				newUnmatched.push( elem );
-				if ( mapped ) {
-					map.push( i );
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return newUnmatched;
-}
-
-function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postSelector ) {
-	if ( postFilter && !postFilter[ expando ] ) {
-		postFilter = setMatcher( postFilter );
-	}
-	if ( postFinder && !postFinder[ expando ] ) {
-		postFinder = setMatcher( postFinder, postSelector );
-	}
-	return markFunction( function( seed, results, context, xml ) {
-		var temp, i, elem,
-			preMap = [],
-			postMap = [],
-			preexisting = results.length,
-
-			// Get initial elements from seed or context
-			elems = seed || multipleContexts(
-				selector || "*",
-				context.nodeType ? [ context ] : context,
-				[]
-			),
-
-			// Prefilter to get matcher input, preserving a map for seed-results synchronization
-			matcherIn = preFilter && ( seed || !selector ) ?
-				condense( elems, preMap, preFilter, context, xml ) :
-				elems,
-
-			matcherOut = matcher ?
-
-				// If we have a postFinder, or filtered seed, or non-seed postFilter or preexisting results,
-				postFinder || ( seed ? preFilter : preexisting || postFilter ) ?
-
-					// ...intermediate processing is necessary
-					[] :
-
-					// ...otherwise use results directly
-					results :
-				matcherIn;
-
-		// Find primary matches
-		if ( matcher ) {
-			matcher( matcherIn, matcherOut, context, xml );
-		}
-
-		// Apply postFilter
-		if ( postFilter ) {
-			temp = condense( matcherOut, postMap );
-			postFilter( temp, [], context, xml );
-
-			// Un-match failing elements by moving them back to matcherIn
-			i = temp.length;
-			while ( i-- ) {
-				if ( ( elem = temp[ i ] ) ) {
-					matcherOut[ postMap[ i ] ] = !( matcherIn[ postMap[ i ] ] = elem );
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		if ( seed ) {
-			if ( postFinder || preFilter ) {
-				if ( postFinder ) {
-
-					// Get the final matcherOut by condensing this intermediate into postFinder contexts
-					temp = [];
-					i = matcherOut.length;
-					while ( i-- ) {
-						if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) ) {
-
-							// Restore matcherIn since elem is not yet a final match
-							temp.push( ( matcherIn[ i ] = elem ) );
-						}
-					}
-					postFinder( null, ( matcherOut = [] ), temp, xml );
-				}
-
-				// Move matched elements from seed to results to keep them synchronized
-				i = matcherOut.length;
-				while ( i-- ) {
-					if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) &&
-						( temp = postFinder ? indexOf( seed, elem ) : preMap[ i ] ) > -1 ) {
-
-						seed[ temp ] = !( results[ temp ] = elem );
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-		// Add elements to results, through postFinder if defined
-		} else {
-			matcherOut = condense(
-				matcherOut === results ?
-					matcherOut.splice( preexisting, matcherOut.length ) :
-					matcherOut
-			);
-			if ( postFinder ) {
-				postFinder( null, results, matcherOut, xml );
-			} else {
-				push.apply( results, matcherOut );
-			}
-		}
-	} );
-}
-
-function matcherFromTokens( tokens ) {
-	var checkContext, matcher, j,
-		len = tokens.length,
-		leadingRelative = Expr.relative[ tokens[ 0 ].type ],
-		implicitRelative = leadingRelative || Expr.relative[ " " ],
-		i = leadingRelative ? 1 : 0,
-
-		// The foundational matcher ensures that elements are reachable from top-level context(s)
-		matchContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) {
-			return elem === checkContext;
-		}, implicitRelative, true ),
-		matchAnyContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) {
-			return indexOf( checkContext, elem ) > -1;
-		}, implicitRelative, true ),
-		matchers = [ function( elem, context, xml ) {
-			var ret = ( !leadingRelative && ( xml || context !== outermostContext ) ) || (
-				( checkContext = context ).nodeType ?
-					matchContext( elem, context, xml ) :
-					matchAnyContext( elem, context, xml ) );
-
-			// Avoid hanging onto element (issue #299)
-			checkContext = null;
-			return ret;
-		} ];
-
-	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
-		if ( ( matcher = Expr.relative[ tokens[ i ].type ] ) ) {
-			matchers = [ addCombinator( elementMatcher( matchers ), matcher ) ];
-		} else {
-			matcher = Expr.filter[ tokens[ i ].type ].apply( null, tokens[ i ].matches );
-
-			// Return special upon seeing a positional matcher
-			if ( matcher[ expando ] ) {
-
-				// Find the next relative operator (if any) for proper handling
-				j = ++i;
-				for ( ; j < len; j++ ) {
-					if ( Expr.relative[ tokens[ j ].type ] ) {
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-				return setMatcher(
-					i > 1 && elementMatcher( matchers ),
-					i > 1 && toSelector(
-
-					// If the preceding token was a descendant combinator, insert an implicit any-element `*`
-					tokens
-						.slice( 0, i - 1 )
-						.concat( { value: tokens[ i - 2 ].type === " " ? "*" : "" } )
-					).replace( rtrim, "$1" ),
-					matcher,
-					i < j && matcherFromTokens( tokens.slice( i, j ) ),
-					j < len && matcherFromTokens( ( tokens = tokens.slice( j ) ) ),
-					j < len && toSelector( tokens )
-				);
-			}
-			matchers.push( matcher );
-		}
-	}
-
-	return elementMatcher( matchers );
-}
-
-function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) {
-	var bySet = setMatchers.length > 0,
-		byElement = elementMatchers.length > 0,
-		superMatcher = function( seed, context, xml, results, outermost ) {
-			var elem, j, matcher,
-				matchedCount = 0,
-				i = "0",
-				unmatched = seed && [],
-				setMatched = [],
-				contextBackup = outermostContext,
-
-				// We must always have either seed elements or outermost context
-				elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find[ "TAG" ]( "*", outermost ),
-
-				// Use integer dirruns iff this is the outermost matcher
-				dirrunsUnique = ( dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1 ),
-				len = elems.length;
-
-			if ( outermost ) {
-
-				// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
-				// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
-				// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
-				// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
-				outermostContext = context == document || context || outermost;
-			}
-
-			// Add elements passing elementMatchers directly to results
-			// Support: IE<9, Safari
-			// Tolerate NodeList properties (IE: "length"; Safari: <number>) matching elements by id
-			for ( ; i !== len && ( elem = elems[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) {
-				if ( byElement && elem ) {
-					j = 0;
-
-					// Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+
-					// IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing
-					// two documents; shallow comparisons work.
-					// eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq
-					if ( !context && elem.ownerDocument != document ) {
-						setDocument( elem );
-						xml = !documentIsHTML;
-					}
-					while ( ( matcher = elementMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) {
-						if ( matcher( elem, context || document, xml ) ) {
-							results.push( elem );
-							break;
-						}
-					}
-					if ( outermost ) {
-						dirruns = dirrunsUnique;
-					}
-				}
-
-				// Track unmatched elements for set filters
-				if ( bySet ) {
-
-					// They will have gone through all possible matchers
-					if ( ( elem = !matcher && elem ) ) {
-						matchedCount--;
-					}
-
-					// Lengthen the array for every element, matched or not
-					if ( seed ) {
-						unmatched.push( elem );
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			// `i` is now the count of elements visited above, and adding it to `matchedCount`
-			// makes the latter nonnegative.
-			matchedCount += i;
-
-			// Apply set filters to unmatched elements
-			// NOTE: This can be skipped if there are no unmatched elements (i.e., `matchedCount`
-			// equals `i`), unless we didn't visit _any_ elements in the above loop because we have
-			// no element matchers and no seed.
-			// Incrementing an initially-string "0" `i` allows `i` to remain a string only in that
-			// case, which will result in a "00" `matchedCount` that differs from `i` but is also
-			// numerically zero.
-			if ( bySet && i !== matchedCount ) {
-				j = 0;
-				while ( ( matcher = setMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) {
-					matcher( unmatched, setMatched, context, xml );
-				}
-
-				if ( seed ) {
-
-					// Reintegrate element matches to eliminate the need for sorting
-					if ( matchedCount > 0 ) {
-						while ( i-- ) {
-							if ( !( unmatched[ i ] || setMatched[ i ] ) ) {
-								setMatched[ i ] = pop.call( results );
-							}
-						}
-					}
-
-					// Discard index placeholder values to get only actual matches
-					setMatched = condense( setMatched );
-				}
-
-				// Add matches to results
-				push.apply( results, setMatched );
-
-				// Seedless set matches succeeding multiple successful matchers stipulate sorting
-				if ( outermost && !seed && setMatched.length > 0 &&
-					( matchedCount + setMatchers.length ) > 1 ) {
-
-					Sizzle.uniqueSort( results );
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Override manipulation of globals by nested matchers
-			if ( outermost ) {
-				dirruns = dirrunsUnique;
-				outermostContext = contextBackup;
-			}
-
-			return unmatched;
-		};
-
-	return bySet ?
-		markFunction( superMatcher ) :
-		superMatcher;
-}
-
-compile = Sizzle.compile = function( selector, match /* Internal Use Only */ ) {
-	var i,
-		setMatchers = [],
-		elementMatchers = [],
-		cached = compilerCache[ selector + " " ];
-
-	if ( !cached ) {
-
-		// Generate a function of recursive functions that can be used to check each element
-		if ( !match ) {
-			match = tokenize( selector );
-		}
-		i = match.length;
-		while ( i-- ) {
-			cached = matcherFromTokens( match[ i ] );
-			if ( cached[ expando ] ) {
-				setMatchers.push( cached );
-			} else {
-				elementMatchers.push( cached );
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Cache the compiled function
-		cached = compilerCache(
-			selector,
-			matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers )
-		);
-
-		// Save selector and tokenization
-		cached.selector = selector;
-	}
-	return cached;
-};
-
-/**
- * A low-level selection function that works with Sizzle's compiled
- *  selector functions
- * @param {String|Function} selector A selector or a pre-compiled
- *  selector function built with Sizzle.compile
- * @param {Element} context
- * @param {Array} [results]
- * @param {Array} [seed] A set of elements to match against
- */
-select = Sizzle.select = function( selector, context, results, seed ) {
-	var i, tokens, token, type, find,
-		compiled = typeof selector === "function" && selector,
-		match = !seed && tokenize( ( selector = compiled.selector || selector ) );
-
-	results = results || [];
-
-	// Try to minimize operations if there is only one selector in the list and no seed
-	// (the latter of which guarantees us context)
-	if ( match.length === 1 ) {
-
-		// Reduce context if the leading compound selector is an ID
-		tokens = match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0 );
-		if ( tokens.length > 2 && ( token = tokens[ 0 ] ).type === "ID" &&
-			context.nodeType === 9 && documentIsHTML && Expr.relative[ tokens[ 1 ].type ] ) {
-
-			context = ( Expr.find[ "ID" ]( token.matches[ 0 ]
-				.replace( runescape, funescape ), context ) || [] )[ 0 ];
-			if ( !context ) {
-				return results;
-
-			// Precompiled matchers will still verify ancestry, so step up a level
-			} else if ( compiled ) {
-				context = context.parentNode;
-			}
-
-			selector = selector.slice( tokens.shift().value.length );
-		}
-
-		// Fetch a seed set for right-to-left matching
-		i = matchExpr[ "needsContext" ].test( selector ) ? 0 : tokens.length;
-		while ( i-- ) {
-			token = tokens[ i ];
-
-			// Abort if we hit a combinator
-			if ( Expr.relative[ ( type = token.type ) ] ) {
-				break;
-			}
-			if ( ( find = Expr.find[ type ] ) ) {
-
-				// Search, expanding context for leading sibling combinators
-				if ( ( seed = find(
-					token.matches[ 0 ].replace( runescape, funescape ),
-					rsibling.test( tokens[ 0 ].type ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) ||
-						context
-				) ) ) {
-
-					// If seed is empty or no tokens remain, we can return early
-					tokens.splice( i, 1 );
-					selector = seed.length && toSelector( tokens );
-					if ( !selector ) {
-						push.apply( results, seed );
-						return results;
-					}
-
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Compile and execute a filtering function if one is not provided
-	// Provide `match` to avoid retokenization if we modified the selector above
-	( compiled || compile( selector, match ) )(
-		seed,
-		context,
-		!documentIsHTML,
-		results,
-		!context || rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context
-	);
-	return results;
-};
-
-// One-time assignments
-
-// Sort stability
-support.sortStable = expando.split( "" ).sort( sortOrder ).join( "" ) === expando;
-
-// Support: Chrome 14-35+
-// Always assume duplicates if they aren't passed to the comparison function
-support.detectDuplicates = !!hasDuplicate;
-
-// Initialize against the default document
-setDocument();
-
-// Support: Webkit<537.32 - Safari 6.0.3/Chrome 25 (fixed in Chrome 27)
-// Detached nodes confoundingly follow *each other*
-support.sortDetached = assert( function( el ) {
-
-	// Should return 1, but returns 4 (following)
-	return el.compareDocumentPosition( document.createElement( "fieldset" ) ) & 1;
-} );
-
-// Support: IE<8
-// Prevent attribute/property "interpolation"
-// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx
-if ( !assert( function( el ) {
-	el.innerHTML = "<a href='#'></a>";
-	return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "href" ) === "#";
-} ) ) {
-	addHandle( "type|href|height|width", function( elem, name, isXML ) {
-		if ( !isXML ) {
-			return elem.getAttribute( name, name.toLowerCase() === "type" ? 1 : 2 );
-		}
-	} );
-}
-
-// Support: IE<9
-// Use defaultValue in place of getAttribute("value")
-if ( !support.attributes || !assert( function( el ) {
-	el.innerHTML = "<input/>";
-	el.firstChild.setAttribute( "value", "" );
-	return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "value" ) === "";
-} ) ) {
-	addHandle( "value", function( elem, _name, isXML ) {
-		if ( !isXML && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" ) {
-			return elem.defaultValue;
-		}
-	} );
-}
-
-// Support: IE<9
-// Use getAttributeNode to fetch booleans when getAttribute lies
-if ( !assert( function( el ) {
-	return el.getAttribute( "disabled" ) == null;
-} ) ) {
-	addHandle( booleans, function( elem, name, isXML ) {
-		var val;
-		if ( !isXML ) {
-			return elem[ name ] === true ? name.toLowerCase() :
-				( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ?
-					val.value :
-					null;
-		}
-	} );
-}
-
-return Sizzle;
-
-} )( window );
-
-
-
-jQuery.find = Sizzle;
-jQuery.expr = Sizzle.selectors;
-
-// Deprecated
-jQuery.expr[ ":" ] = jQuery.expr.pseudos;
-jQuery.uniqueSort = jQuery.unique = Sizzle.uniqueSort;
-jQuery.text = Sizzle.getText;
-jQuery.isXMLDoc = Sizzle.isXML;
-jQuery.contains = Sizzle.contains;
-jQuery.escapeSelector = Sizzle.escape;
-
-
-
-
-var dir = function( elem, dir, until ) {
-	var matched = [],
-		truncate = until !== undefined;
-
-	while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) && elem.nodeType !== 9 ) {
-		if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
-			if ( truncate && jQuery( elem ).is( until ) ) {
-				break;
-			}
-			matched.push( elem );
-		}
-	}
-	return matched;
-};
-
-
-var siblings = function( n, elem ) {
-	var matched = [];
-
-	for ( ; n; n = n.nextSibling ) {
-		if ( n.nodeType === 1 && n !== elem ) {
-			matched.push( n );
-		}
-	}
-
-	return matched;
-};
-
-
-var rneedsContext = jQuery.expr.match.needsContext;
-
-
-
-function nodeName( elem, name ) {
-
-	return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase();
-
-}
-var rsingleTag = ( /^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i );
-
-
-
-// Implement the identical functionality for filter and not
-function winnow( elements, qualifier, not ) {
-	if ( isFunction( qualifier ) ) {
-		return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem, i ) {
-			return !!qualifier.call( elem, i, elem ) !== not;
-		} );
-	}
-
-	// Single element
-	if ( qualifier.nodeType ) {
-		return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) {
-			return ( elem === qualifier ) !== not;
-		} );
-	}
-
-	// Arraylike of elements (jQuery, arguments, Array)
-	if ( typeof qualifier !== "string" ) {
-		return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) {
-			return ( indexOf.call( qualifier, elem ) > -1 ) !== not;
-		} );
-	}
-
-	// Filtered directly for both simple and complex selectors
-	return jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements, not );
-}
-
-jQuery.filter = function( expr, elems, not ) {
-	var elem = elems[ 0 ];
-
-	if ( not ) {
-		expr = ":not(" + expr + ")";
-	}
-
-	if ( elems.length === 1 && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
-		return jQuery.find.matchesSelector( elem, expr ) ? [ elem ] : [];
-	}
-
-	return jQuery.find.matches( expr, jQuery.grep( elems, function( elem ) {
-		return elem.nodeType === 1;
-	} ) );
-};
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-	find: function( selector ) {
-		var i, ret,
-			len = this.length,
-			self = this;
-
-		if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) {
-			return this.pushStack( jQuery( selector ).filter( function() {
-				for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
-					if ( jQuery.contains( self[ i ], this ) ) {
-						return true;
-					}
-				}
-			} ) );
-		}
-
-		ret = this.pushStack( [] );
-
-		for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
-			jQuery.find( selector, self[ i ], ret );
-		}
-
-		return len > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( ret ) : ret;
-	},
-	filter: function( selector ) {
-		return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], false ) );
-	},
-	not: function( selector ) {
-		return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], true ) );
-	},
-	is: function( selector ) {
-		return !!winnow(
-			this,
-
-			// If this is a positional/relative selector, check membership in the returned set
-			// so $("p:first").is("p:last") won't return true for a doc with two "p".
-			typeof selector === "string" && rneedsContext.test( selector ) ?
-				jQuery( selector ) :
-				selector || [],
-			false
-		).length;
-	}
-} );
-
-
-// Initialize a jQuery object
-
-
-// A central reference to the root jQuery(document)
-var rootjQuery,
-
-	// A simple way to check for HTML strings
-	// Prioritize #id over <tag> to avoid XSS via location.hash (#9521)
-	// Strict HTML recognition (#11290: must start with <)
-	// Shortcut simple #id case for speed
-	rquickExpr = /^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]+))$/,
-
-	init = jQuery.fn.init = function( selector, context, root ) {
-		var match, elem;
-
-		// HANDLE: $(""), $(null), $(undefined), $(false)
-		if ( !selector ) {
-			return this;
-		}
-
-		// Method init() accepts an alternate rootjQuery
-		// so migrate can support jQuery.sub (gh-2101)
-		root = root || rootjQuery;
-
-		// Handle HTML strings
-		if ( typeof selector === "string" ) {
-			if ( selector[ 0 ] === "<" &&
-				selector[ selector.length - 1 ] === ">" &&
-				selector.length >= 3 ) {
-
-				// Assume that strings that start and end with <> are HTML and skip the regex check
-				match = [ null, selector, null ];
-
-			} else {
-				match = rquickExpr.exec( selector );
-			}
-
-			// Match html or make sure no context is specified for #id
-			if ( match && ( match[ 1 ] || !context ) ) {
-
-				// HANDLE: $(html) -> $(array)
-				if ( match[ 1 ] ) {
-					context = context instanceof jQuery ? context[ 0 ] : context;
-
-					// Option to run scripts is true for back-compat
-					// Intentionally let the error be thrown if parseHTML is not present
-					jQuery.merge( this, jQuery.parseHTML(
-						match[ 1 ],
-						context && context.nodeType ? context.ownerDocument || context : document,
-						true
-					) );
-
-					// HANDLE: $(html, props)
-					if ( rsingleTag.test( match[ 1 ] ) && jQuery.isPlainObject( context ) ) {
-						for ( match in context ) {
-
-							// Properties of context are called as methods if possible
-							if ( isFunction( this[ match ] ) ) {
-								this[ match ]( context[ match ] );
-
-							// ...and otherwise set as attributes
-							} else {
-								this.attr( match, context[ match ] );
-							}
-						}
-					}
-
-					return this;
-
-				// HANDLE: $(#id)
-				} else {
-					elem = document.getElementById( match[ 2 ] );
-
-					if ( elem ) {
-
-						// Inject the element directly into the jQuery object
-						this[ 0 ] = elem;
-						this.length = 1;
-					}
-					return this;
-				}
-
-			// HANDLE: $(expr, $(...))
-			} else if ( !context || context.jquery ) {
-				return ( context || root ).find( selector );
-
-			// HANDLE: $(expr, context)
-			// (which is just equivalent to: $(context).find(expr)
-			} else {
-				return this.constructor( context ).find( selector );
-			}
-
-		// HANDLE: $(DOMElement)
-		} else if ( selector.nodeType ) {
-			this[ 0 ] = selector;
-			this.length = 1;
-			return this;
-
-		// HANDLE: $(function)
-		// Shortcut for document ready
-		} else if ( isFunction( selector ) ) {
-			return root.ready !== undefined ?
-				root.ready( selector ) :
-
-				// Execute immediately if ready is not present
-				selector( jQuery );
-		}
-
-		return jQuery.makeArray( selector, this );
-	};
-
-// Give the init function the jQuery prototype for later instantiation
-init.prototype = jQuery.fn;
-
-// Initialize central reference
-rootjQuery = jQuery( document );
-
-
-var rparentsprev = /^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/,
-
-	// Methods guaranteed to produce a unique set when starting from a unique set
-	guaranteedUnique = {
-		children: true,
-		contents: true,
-		next: true,
-		prev: true
-	};
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-	has: function( target ) {
-		var targets = jQuery( target, this ),
-			l = targets.length;
-
-		return this.filter( function() {
-			var i = 0;
-			for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
-				if ( jQuery.contains( this, targets[ i ] ) ) {
-					return true;
-				}
-			}
-		} );
-	},
-
-	closest: function( selectors, context ) {
-		var cur,
-			i = 0,
-			l = this.length,
-			matched = [],
-			targets = typeof selectors !== "string" && jQuery( selectors );
-
-		// Positional selectors never match, since there's no _selection_ context
-		if ( !rneedsContext.test( selectors ) ) {
-			for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
-				for ( cur = this[ i ]; cur && cur !== context; cur = cur.parentNode ) {
-
-					// Always skip document fragments
-					if ( cur.nodeType < 11 && ( targets ?
-						targets.index( cur ) > -1 :
-
-						// Don't pass non-elements to Sizzle
-						cur.nodeType === 1 &&
-							jQuery.find.matchesSelector( cur, selectors ) ) ) {
-
-						matched.push( cur );
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		return this.pushStack( matched.length > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ) : matched );
-	},
-
-	// Determine the position of an element within the set
-	index: function( elem ) {
-
-		// No argument, return index in parent
-		if ( !elem ) {
-			return ( this[ 0 ] && this[ 0 ].parentNode ) ? this.first().prevAll().length : -1;
-		}
-
-		// Index in selector
-		if ( typeof elem === "string" ) {
-			return indexOf.call( jQuery( elem ), this[ 0 ] );
-		}
-
-		// Locate the position of the desired element
-		return indexOf.call( this,
-
-			// If it receives a jQuery object, the first element is used
-			elem.jquery ? elem[ 0 ] : elem
-		);
-	},
-
-	add: function( selector, context ) {
-		return this.pushStack(
-			jQuery.uniqueSort(
-				jQuery.merge( this.get(), jQuery( selector, context ) )
-			)
-		);
-	},
-
-	addBack: function( selector ) {
-		return this.add( selector == null ?
-			this.prevObject : this.prevObject.filter( selector )
-		);
-	}
-} );
-
-function sibling( cur, dir ) {
-	while ( ( cur = cur[ dir ] ) && cur.nodeType !== 1 ) {}
-	return cur;
-}
-
-jQuery.each( {
-	parent: function( elem ) {
-		var parent = elem.parentNode;
-		return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null;
-	},
-	parents: function( elem ) {
-		return dir( elem, "parentNode" );
-	},
-	parentsUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) {
-		return dir( elem, "parentNode", until );
-	},
-	next: function( elem ) {
-		return sibling( elem, "nextSibling" );
-	},
-	prev: function( elem ) {
-		return sibling( elem, "previousSibling" );
-	},
-	nextAll: function( elem ) {
-		return dir( elem, "nextSibling" );
-	},
-	prevAll: function( elem ) {
-		return dir( elem, "previousSibling" );
-	},
-	nextUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) {
-		return dir( elem, "nextSibling", until );
-	},
-	prevUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) {
-		return dir( elem, "previousSibling", until );
-	},
-	siblings: function( elem ) {
-		return siblings( ( elem.parentNode || {} ).firstChild, elem );
-	},
-	children: function( elem ) {
-		return siblings( elem.firstChild );
-	},
-	contents: function( elem ) {
-		if ( elem.contentDocument != null &&
-
-			// Support: IE 11+
-			// <object> elements with no `data` attribute has an object
-			// `contentDocument` with a `null` prototype.
-			getProto( elem.contentDocument ) ) {
-
-			return elem.contentDocument;
-		}
-
-		// Support: IE 9 - 11 only, iOS 7 only, Android Browser <=4.3 only
-		// Treat the template element as a regular one in browsers that
-		// don't support it.
-		if ( nodeName( elem, "template" ) ) {
-			elem = elem.content || elem;
-		}
-
-		return jQuery.merge( [], elem.childNodes );
-	}
-}, function( name, fn ) {
-	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( until, selector ) {
-		var matched = jQuery.map( this, fn, until );
-
-		if ( name.slice( -5 ) !== "Until" ) {
-			selector = until;
-		}
-
-		if ( selector && typeof selector === "string" ) {
-			matched = jQuery.filter( selector, matched );
-		}
-
-		if ( this.length > 1 ) {
-
-			// Remove duplicates
-			if ( !guaranteedUnique[ name ] ) {
-				jQuery.uniqueSort( matched );
-			}
-
-			// Reverse order for parents* and prev-derivatives
-			if ( rparentsprev.test( name ) ) {
-				matched.reverse();
-			}
-		}
-
-		return this.pushStack( matched );
-	};
-} );
-var rnothtmlwhite = ( /[^\x20\t\r\n\f]+/g );
-
-
-
-// Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones
-function createOptions( options ) {
-	var object = {};
-	jQuery.each( options.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [], function( _, flag ) {
-		object[ flag ] = true;
-	} );
-	return object;
-}
-
-/*
- * Create a callback list using the following parameters:
- *
- *	options: an optional list of space-separated options that will change how
- *			the callback list behaves or a more traditional option object
- *
- * By default a callback list will act like an event callback list and can be
- * "fired" multiple times.
- *
- * Possible options:
- *
- *	once:			will ensure the callback list can only be fired once (like a Deferred)
- *
- *	memory:			will keep track of previous values and will call any callback added
- *					after the list has been fired right away with the latest "memorized"
- *					values (like a Deferred)
- *
- *	unique:			will ensure a callback can only be added once (no duplicate in the list)
- *
- *	stopOnFalse:	interrupt callings when a callback returns false
- *
- */
-jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) {
-
-	// Convert options from String-formatted to Object-formatted if needed
-	// (we check in cache first)
-	options = typeof options === "string" ?
-		createOptions( options ) :
-		jQuery.extend( {}, options );
-
-	var // Flag to know if list is currently firing
-		firing,
-
-		// Last fire value for non-forgettable lists
-		memory,
-
-		// Flag to know if list was already fired
-		fired,
-
-		// Flag to prevent firing
-		locked,
-
-		// Actual callback list
-		list = [],
-
-		// Queue of execution data for repeatable lists
-		queue = [],
-
-		// Index of currently firing callback (modified by add/remove as needed)
-		firingIndex = -1,
-
-		// Fire callbacks
-		fire = function() {
-
-			// Enforce single-firing
-			locked = locked || options.once;
-
-			// Execute callbacks for all pending executions,
-			// respecting firingIndex overrides and runtime changes
-			fired = firing = true;
-			for ( ; queue.length; firingIndex = -1 ) {
-				memory = queue.shift();
-				while ( ++firingIndex < list.length ) {
-
-					// Run callback and check for early termination
-					if ( list[ firingIndex ].apply( memory[ 0 ], memory[ 1 ] ) === false &&
-						options.stopOnFalse ) {
-
-						// Jump to end and forget the data so .add doesn't re-fire
-						firingIndex = list.length;
-						memory = false;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Forget the data if we're done with it
-			if ( !options.memory ) {
-				memory = false;
-			}
-
-			firing = false;
-
-			// Clean up if we're done firing for good
-			if ( locked ) {
-
-				// Keep an empty list if we have data for future add calls
-				if ( memory ) {
-					list = [];
-
-				// Otherwise, this object is spent
-				} else {
-					list = "";
-				}
-			}
-		},
-
-		// Actual Callbacks object
-		self = {
-
-			// Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to the list
-			add: function() {
-				if ( list ) {
-
-					// If we have memory from a past run, we should fire after adding
-					if ( memory && !firing ) {
-						firingIndex = list.length - 1;
-						queue.push( memory );
-					}
-
-					( function add( args ) {
-						jQuery.each( args, function( _, arg ) {
-							if ( isFunction( arg ) ) {
-								if ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) {
-									list.push( arg );
-								}
-							} else if ( arg && arg.length && toType( arg ) !== "string" ) {
-
-								// Inspect recursively
-								add( arg );
-							}
-						} );
-					} )( arguments );
-
-					if ( memory && !firing ) {
-						fire();
-					}
-				}
-				return this;
-			},
-
-			// Remove a callback from the list
-			remove: function() {
-				jQuery.each( arguments, function( _, arg ) {
-					var index;
-					while ( ( index = jQuery.inArray( arg, list, index ) ) > -1 ) {
-						list.splice( index, 1 );
-
-						// Handle firing indexes
-						if ( index <= firingIndex ) {
-							firingIndex--;
-						}
-					}
-				} );
-				return this;
-			},
-
-			// Check if a given callback is in the list.
-			// If no argument is given, return whether or not list has callbacks attached.
-			has: function( fn ) {
-				return fn ?
-					jQuery.inArray( fn, list ) > -1 :
-					list.length > 0;
-			},
-
-			// Remove all callbacks from the list
-			empty: function() {
-				if ( list ) {
-					list = [];
-				}
-				return this;
-			},
-
-			// Disable .fire and .add
-			// Abort any current/pending executions
-			// Clear all callbacks and values
-			disable: function() {
-				locked = queue = [];
-				list = memory = "";
-				return this;
-			},
-			disabled: function() {
-				return !list;
-			},
-
-			// Disable .fire
-			// Also disable .add unless we have memory (since it would have no effect)
-			// Abort any pending executions
-			lock: function() {
-				locked = queue = [];
-				if ( !memory && !firing ) {
-					list = memory = "";
-				}
-				return this;
-			},
-			locked: function() {
-				return !!locked;
-			},
-
-			// Call all callbacks with the given context and arguments
-			fireWith: function( context, args ) {
-				if ( !locked ) {
-					args = args || [];
-					args = [ context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args ];
-					queue.push( args );
-					if ( !firing ) {
-						fire();
-					}
-				}
-				return this;
-			},
-
-			// Call all the callbacks with the given arguments
-			fire: function() {
-				self.fireWith( this, arguments );
-				return this;
-			},
-
-			// To know if the callbacks have already been called at least once
-			fired: function() {
-				return !!fired;
-			}
-		};
-
-	return self;
-};
-
-
-function Identity( v ) {
-	return v;
-}
-function Thrower( ex ) {
-	throw ex;
-}
-
-function adoptValue( value, resolve, reject, noValue ) {
-	var method;
-
-	try {
-
-		// Check for promise aspect first to privilege synchronous behavior
-		if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.promise ) ) ) {
-			method.call( value ).done( resolve ).fail( reject );
-
-		// Other thenables
-		} else if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.then ) ) ) {
-			method.call( value, resolve, reject );
-
-		// Other non-thenables
-		} else {
-
-			// Control `resolve` arguments by letting Array#slice cast boolean `noValue` to integer:
-			// * false: [ value ].slice( 0 ) => resolve( value )
-			// * true: [ value ].slice( 1 ) => resolve()
-			resolve.apply( undefined, [ value ].slice( noValue ) );
-		}
-
-	// For Promises/A+, convert exceptions into rejections
-	// Since jQuery.when doesn't unwrap thenables, we can skip the extra checks appearing in
-	// Deferred#then to conditionally suppress rejection.
-	} catch ( value ) {
-
-		// Support: Android 4.0 only
-		// Strict mode functions invoked without .call/.apply get global-object context
-		reject.apply( undefined, [ value ] );
-	}
-}
-
-jQuery.extend( {
-
-	Deferred: function( func ) {
-		var tuples = [
-
-				// action, add listener, callbacks,
-				// ... .then handlers, argument index, [final state]
-				[ "notify", "progress", jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ),
-					jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), 2 ],
-				[ "resolve", "done", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ),
-					jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 0, "resolved" ],
-				[ "reject", "fail", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ),
-					jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 1, "rejected" ]
-			],
-			state = "pending",
-			promise = {
-				state: function() {
-					return state;
-				},
-				always: function() {
-					deferred.done( arguments ).fail( arguments );
-					return this;
-				},
-				"catch": function( fn ) {
-					return promise.then( null, fn );
-				},
-
-				// Keep pipe for back-compat
-				pipe: function( /* fnDone, fnFail, fnProgress */ ) {
-					var fns = arguments;
-
-					return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) {
-						jQuery.each( tuples, function( _i, tuple ) {
-
-							// Map tuples (progress, done, fail) to arguments (done, fail, progress)
-							var fn = isFunction( fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ] ) && fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ];
-
-							// deferred.progress(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.notify })
-							// deferred.done(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.resolve })
-							// deferred.fail(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.reject })
-							deferred[ tuple[ 1 ] ]( function() {
-								var returned = fn && fn.apply( this, arguments );
-								if ( returned && isFunction( returned.promise ) ) {
-									returned.promise()
-										.progress( newDefer.notify )
-										.done( newDefer.resolve )
-										.fail( newDefer.reject );
-								} else {
-									newDefer[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ](
-										this,
-										fn ? [ returned ] : arguments
-									);
-								}
-							} );
-						} );
-						fns = null;
-					} ).promise();
-				},
-				then: function( onFulfilled, onRejected, onProgress ) {
-					var maxDepth = 0;
-					function resolve( depth, deferred, handler, special ) {
-						return function() {
-							var that = this,
-								args = arguments,
-								mightThrow = function() {
-									var returned, then;
-
-									// Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.3
-									// https://promisesaplus.com/#point-59
-									// Ignore double-resolution attempts
-									if ( depth < maxDepth ) {
-										return;
-									}
-
-									returned = handler.apply( that, args );
-
-									// Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.1
-									// https://promisesaplus.com/#point-48
-									if ( returned === deferred.promise() ) {
-										throw new TypeError( "Thenable self-resolution" );
-									}
-
-									// Support: Promises/A+ sections 2.3.3.1, 3.5
-									// https://promisesaplus.com/#point-54
-									// https://promisesaplus.com/#point-75
-									// Retrieve `then` only once
-									then = returned &&
-
-										// Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.4
-										// https://promisesaplus.com/#point-64
-										// Only check objects and functions for thenability
-										( typeof returned === "object" ||
-											typeof returned === "function" ) &&
-										returned.then;
-
-									// Handle a returned thenable
-									if ( isFunction( then ) ) {
-
-										// Special processors (notify) just wait for resolution
-										if ( special ) {
-											then.call(
-												returned,
-												resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ),
-												resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special )
-											);
-
-										// Normal processors (resolve) also hook into progress
-										} else {
-
-											// ...and disregard older resolution values
-											maxDepth++;
-
-											then.call(
-												returned,
-												resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ),
-												resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ),
-												resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity,
-													deferred.notifyWith )
-											);
-										}
-
-									// Handle all other returned values
-									} else {
-
-										// Only substitute handlers pass on context
-										// and multiple values (non-spec behavior)
-										if ( handler !== Identity ) {
-											that = undefined;
-											args = [ returned ];
-										}
-
-										// Process the value(s)
-										// Default process is resolve
-										( special || deferred.resolveWith )( that, args );
-									}
-								},
-
-								// Only normal processors (resolve) catch and reject exceptions
-								process = special ?
-									mightThrow :
-									function() {
-										try {
-											mightThrow();
-										} catch ( e ) {
-
-											if ( jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook ) {
-												jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook( e,
-													process.stackTrace );
-											}
-
-											// Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.4.1
-											// https://promisesaplus.com/#point-61
-											// Ignore post-resolution exceptions
-											if ( depth + 1 >= maxDepth ) {
-
-												// Only substitute handlers pass on context
-												// and multiple values (non-spec behavior)
-												if ( handler !== Thrower ) {
-													that = undefined;
-													args = [ e ];
-												}
-
-												deferred.rejectWith( that, args );
-											}
-										}
-									};
-
-							// Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.1
-							// https://promisesaplus.com/#point-57
-							// Re-resolve promises immediately to dodge false rejection from
-							// subsequent errors
-							if ( depth ) {
-								process();
-							} else {
-
-								// Call an optional hook to record the stack, in case of exception
-								// since it's otherwise lost when execution goes async
-								if ( jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook ) {
-									process.stackTrace = jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook();
-								}
-								window.setTimeout( process );
-							}
-						};
-					}
-
-					return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) {
-
-						// progress_handlers.add( ... )
-						tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].add(
-							resolve(
-								0,
-								newDefer,
-								isFunction( onProgress ) ?
-									onProgress :
-									Identity,
-								newDefer.notifyWith
-							)
-						);
-
-						// fulfilled_handlers.add( ... )
-						tuples[ 1 ][ 3 ].add(
-							resolve(
-								0,
-								newDefer,
-								isFunction( onFulfilled ) ?
-									onFulfilled :
-									Identity
-							)
-						);
-
-						// rejected_handlers.add( ... )
-						tuples[ 2 ][ 3 ].add(
-							resolve(
-								0,
-								newDefer,
-								isFunction( onRejected ) ?
-									onRejected :
-									Thrower
-							)
-						);
-					} ).promise();
-				},
-
-				// Get a promise for this deferred
-				// If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object
-				promise: function( obj ) {
-					return obj != null ? jQuery.extend( obj, promise ) : promise;
-				}
-			},
-			deferred = {};
-
-		// Add list-specific methods
-		jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) {
-			var list = tuple[ 2 ],
-				stateString = tuple[ 5 ];
-
-			// promise.progress = list.add
-			// promise.done = list.add
-			// promise.fail = list.add
-			promise[ tuple[ 1 ] ] = list.add;
-
-			// Handle state
-			if ( stateString ) {
-				list.add(
-					function() {
-
-						// state = "resolved" (i.e., fulfilled)
-						// state = "rejected"
-						state = stateString;
-					},
-
-					// rejected_callbacks.disable
-					// fulfilled_callbacks.disable
-					tuples[ 3 - i ][ 2 ].disable,
-
-					// rejected_handlers.disable
-					// fulfilled_handlers.disable
-					tuples[ 3 - i ][ 3 ].disable,
-
-					// progress_callbacks.lock
-					tuples[ 0 ][ 2 ].lock,
-
-					// progress_handlers.lock
-					tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].lock
-				);
-			}
-
-			// progress_handlers.fire
-			// fulfilled_handlers.fire
-			// rejected_handlers.fire
-			list.add( tuple[ 3 ].fire );
-
-			// deferred.notify = function() { deferred.notifyWith(...) }
-			// deferred.resolve = function() { deferred.resolveWith(...) }
-			// deferred.reject = function() { deferred.rejectWith(...) }
-			deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] ] = function() {
-				deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( this === deferred ? undefined : this, arguments );
-				return this;
-			};
-
-			// deferred.notifyWith = list.fireWith
-			// deferred.resolveWith = list.fireWith
-			// deferred.rejectWith = list.fireWith
-			deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ] = list.fireWith;
-		} );
-
-		// Make the deferred a promise
-		promise.promise( deferred );
-
-		// Call given func if any
-		if ( func ) {
-			func.call( deferred, deferred );
-		}
-
-		// All done!
-		return deferred;
-	},
-
-	// Deferred helper
-	when: function( singleValue ) {
-		var
-
-			// count of uncompleted subordinates
-			remaining = arguments.length,
-
-			// count of unprocessed arguments
-			i = remaining,
-
-			// subordinate fulfillment data
-			resolveContexts = Array( i ),
-			resolveValues = slice.call( arguments ),
-
-			// the primary Deferred
-			primary = jQuery.Deferred(),
-
-			// subordinate callback factory
-			updateFunc = function( i ) {
-				return function( value ) {
-					resolveContexts[ i ] = this;
-					resolveValues[ i ] = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call( arguments ) : value;
-					if ( !( --remaining ) ) {
-						primary.resolveWith( resolveContexts, resolveValues );
-					}
-				};
-			};
-
-		// Single- and empty arguments are adopted like Promise.resolve
-		if ( remaining <= 1 ) {
-			adoptValue( singleValue, primary.done( updateFunc( i ) ).resolve, primary.reject,
-				!remaining );
-
-			// Use .then() to unwrap secondary thenables (cf. gh-3000)
-			if ( primary.state() === "pending" ||
-				isFunction( resolveValues[ i ] && resolveValues[ i ].then ) ) {
-
-				return primary.then();
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Multiple arguments are aggregated like Promise.all array elements
-		while ( i-- ) {
-			adoptValue( resolveValues[ i ], updateFunc( i ), primary.reject );
-		}
-
-		return primary.promise();
-	}
-} );
-
-
-// These usually indicate a programmer mistake during development,
-// warn about them ASAP rather than swallowing them by default.
-var rerrorNames = /^(Eval|Internal|Range|Reference|Syntax|Type|URI)Error$/;
-
-jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook = function( error, stack ) {
-
-	// Support: IE 8 - 9 only
-	// Console exists when dev tools are open, which can happen at any time
-	if ( window.console && window.console.warn && error && rerrorNames.test( error.name ) ) {
-		window.console.warn( "jQuery.Deferred exception: " + error.message, error.stack, stack );
-	}
-};
-
-
-
-
-jQuery.readyException = function( error ) {
-	window.setTimeout( function() {
-		throw error;
-	} );
-};
-
-
-
-
-// The deferred used on DOM ready
-var readyList = jQuery.Deferred();
-
-jQuery.fn.ready = function( fn ) {
-
-	readyList
-		.then( fn )
-
-		// Wrap jQuery.readyException in a function so that the lookup
-		// happens at the time of error handling instead of callback
-		// registration.
-		.catch( function( error ) {
-			jQuery.readyException( error );
-		} );
-
-	return this;
-};
-
-jQuery.extend( {
-
-	// Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs.
-	isReady: false,
-
-	// A counter to track how many items to wait for before
-	// the ready event fires. See #6781
-	readyWait: 1,
-
-	// Handle when the DOM is ready
-	ready: function( wait ) {
-
-		// Abort if there are pending holds or we're already ready
-		if ( wait === true ? --jQuery.readyWait : jQuery.isReady ) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		// Remember that the DOM is ready
-		jQuery.isReady = true;
-
-		// If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be
-		if ( wait !== true && --jQuery.readyWait > 0 ) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		// If there are functions bound, to execute
-		readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] );
-	}
-} );
-
-jQuery.ready.then = readyList.then;
-
-// The ready event handler and self cleanup method
-function completed() {
-	document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed );
-	window.removeEventListener( "load", completed );
-	jQuery.ready();
-}
-
-// Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called
-// after the browser event has already occurred.
-// Support: IE <=9 - 10 only
-// Older IE sometimes signals "interactive" too soon
-if ( document.readyState === "complete" ||
-	( document.readyState !== "loading" && !document.documentElement.doScroll ) ) {
-
-	// Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready
-	window.setTimeout( jQuery.ready );
-
-} else {
-
-	// Use the handy event callback
-	document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed );
-
-	// A fallback to window.onload, that will always work
-	window.addEventListener( "load", completed );
-}
-
-
-
-
-// Multifunctional method to get and set values of a collection
-// The value/s can optionally be executed if it's a function
-var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) {
-	var i = 0,
-		len = elems.length,
-		bulk = key == null;
-
-	// Sets many values
-	if ( toType( key ) === "object" ) {
-		chainable = true;
-		for ( i in key ) {
-			access( elems, fn, i, key[ i ], true, emptyGet, raw );
-		}
-
-	// Sets one value
-	} else if ( value !== undefined ) {
-		chainable = true;
-
-		if ( !isFunction( value ) ) {
-			raw = true;
-		}
-
-		if ( bulk ) {
-
-			// Bulk operations run against the entire set
-			if ( raw ) {
-				fn.call( elems, value );
-				fn = null;
-
-			// ...except when executing function values
-			} else {
-				bulk = fn;
-				fn = function( elem, _key, value ) {
-					return bulk.call( jQuery( elem ), value );
-				};
-			}
-		}
-
-		if ( fn ) {
-			for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
-				fn(
-					elems[ i ], key, raw ?
-						value :
-						value.call( elems[ i ], i, fn( elems[ i ], key ) )
-				);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if ( chainable ) {
-		return elems;
-	}
-
-	// Gets
-	if ( bulk ) {
-		return fn.call( elems );
-	}
-
-	return len ? fn( elems[ 0 ], key ) : emptyGet;
-};
-
-
-// Matches dashed string for camelizing
-var rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/,
-	rdashAlpha = /-([a-z])/g;
-
-// Used by camelCase as callback to replace()
-function fcamelCase( _all, letter ) {
-	return letter.toUpperCase();
-}
-
-// Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules
-// Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15
-// Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572)
-function camelCase( string ) {
-	return string.replace( rmsPrefix, "ms-" ).replace( rdashAlpha, fcamelCase );
-}
-var acceptData = function( owner ) {
-
-	// Accepts only:
-	//  - Node
-	//    - Node.ELEMENT_NODE
-	//    - Node.DOCUMENT_NODE
-	//  - Object
-	//    - Any
-	return owner.nodeType === 1 || owner.nodeType === 9 || !( +owner.nodeType );
-};
-
-
-
-
-function Data() {
-	this.expando = jQuery.expando + Data.uid++;
-}
-
-Data.uid = 1;
-
-Data.prototype = {
-
-	cache: function( owner ) {
-
-		// Check if the owner object already has a cache
-		var value = owner[ this.expando ];
-
-		// If not, create one
-		if ( !value ) {
-			value = {};
-
-			// We can accept data for non-element nodes in modern browsers,
-			// but we should not, see #8335.
-			// Always return an empty object.
-			if ( acceptData( owner ) ) {
-
-				// If it is a node unlikely to be stringify-ed or looped over
-				// use plain assignment
-				if ( owner.nodeType ) {
-					owner[ this.expando ] = value;
-
-				// Otherwise secure it in a non-enumerable property
-				// configurable must be true to allow the property to be
-				// deleted when data is removed
-				} else {
-					Object.defineProperty( owner, this.expando, {
-						value: value,
-						configurable: true
-					} );
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		return value;
-	},
-	set: function( owner, data, value ) {
-		var prop,
-			cache = this.cache( owner );
-
-		// Handle: [ owner, key, value ] args
-		// Always use camelCase key (gh-2257)
-		if ( typeof data === "string" ) {
-			cache[ camelCase( data ) ] = value;
-
-		// Handle: [ owner, { properties } ] args
-		} else {
-
-			// Copy the properties one-by-one to the cache object
-			for ( prop in data ) {
-				cache[ camelCase( prop ) ] = data[ prop ];
-			}
-		}
-		return cache;
-	},
-	get: function( owner, key ) {
-		return key === undefined ?
-			this.cache( owner ) :
-
-			// Always use camelCase key (gh-2257)
-			owner[ this.expando ] && owner[ this.expando ][ camelCase( key ) ];
-	},
-	access: function( owner, key, value ) {
-
-		// In cases where either:
-		//
-		//   1. No key was specified
-		//   2. A string key was specified, but no value provided
-		//
-		// Take the "read" path and allow the get method to determine
-		// which value to return, respectively either:
-		//
-		//   1. The entire cache object
-		//   2. The data stored at the key
-		//
-		if ( key === undefined ||
-				( ( key && typeof key === "string" ) && value === undefined ) ) {
-
-			return this.get( owner, key );
-		}
-
-		// When the key is not a string, or both a key and value
-		// are specified, set or extend (existing objects) with either:
-		//
-		//   1. An object of properties
-		//   2. A key and value
-		//
-		this.set( owner, key, value );
-
-		// Since the "set" path can have two possible entry points
-		// return the expected data based on which path was taken[*]
-		return value !== undefined ? value : key;
-	},
-	remove: function( owner, key ) {
-		var i,
-			cache = owner[ this.expando ];
-
-		if ( cache === undefined ) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		if ( key !== undefined ) {
-
-			// Support array or space separated string of keys
-			if ( Array.isArray( key ) ) {
-
-				// If key is an array of keys...
-				// We always set camelCase keys, so remove that.
-				key = key.map( camelCase );
-			} else {
-				key = camelCase( key );
-
-				// If a key with the spaces exists, use it.
-				// Otherwise, create an array by matching non-whitespace
-				key = key in cache ?
-					[ key ] :
-					( key.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [] );
-			}
-
-			i = key.length;
-
-			while ( i-- ) {
-				delete cache[ key[ i ] ];
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Remove the expando if there's no more data
-		if ( key === undefined || jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ) ) {
-
-			// Support: Chrome <=35 - 45
-			// Webkit & Blink performance suffers when deleting properties
-			// from DOM nodes, so set to undefined instead
-			// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=378607 (bug restricted)
-			if ( owner.nodeType ) {
-				owner[ this.expando ] = undefined;
-			} else {
-				delete owner[ this.expando ];
-			}
-		}
-	},
-	hasData: function( owner ) {
-		var cache = owner[ this.expando ];
-		return cache !== undefined && !jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache );
-	}
-};
-var dataPriv = new Data();
-
-var dataUser = new Data();
-
-
-
-//	Implementation Summary
-//
-//	1. Enforce API surface and semantic compatibility with 1.9.x branch
-//	2. Improve the module's maintainability by reducing the storage
-//		paths to a single mechanism.
-//	3. Use the same single mechanism to support "private" and "user" data.
-//	4. _Never_ expose "private" data to user code (TODO: Drop _data, _removeData)
-//	5. Avoid exposing implementation details on user objects (eg. expando properties)
-//	6. Provide a clear path for implementation upgrade to WeakMap in 2014
-
-var rbrace = /^(?:\{[\w\W]*\}|\[[\w\W]*\])$/,
-	rmultiDash = /[A-Z]/g;
-
-function getData( data ) {
-	if ( data === "true" ) {
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	if ( data === "false" ) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if ( data === "null" ) {
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	// Only convert to a number if it doesn't change the string
-	if ( data === +data + "" ) {
-		return +data;
-	}
-
-	if ( rbrace.test( data ) ) {
-		return JSON.parse( data );
-	}
-
-	return data;
-}
-
-function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) {
-	var name;
-
-	// If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any
-	// data from the HTML5 data-* attribute
-	if ( data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
-		name = "data-" + key.replace( rmultiDash, "-$&" ).toLowerCase();
-		data = elem.getAttribute( name );
-
-		if ( typeof data === "string" ) {
-			try {
-				data = getData( data );
-			} catch ( e ) {}
-
-			// Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later
-			dataUser.set( elem, key, data );
-		} else {
-			data = undefined;
-		}
-	}
-	return data;
-}
-
-jQuery.extend( {
-	hasData: function( elem ) {
-		return dataUser.hasData( elem ) || dataPriv.hasData( elem );
-	},
-
-	data: function( elem, name, data ) {
-		return dataUser.access( elem, name, data );
-	},
-
-	removeData: function( elem, name ) {
-		dataUser.remove( elem, name );
-	},
-
-	// TODO: Now that all calls to _data and _removeData have been replaced
-	// with direct calls to dataPriv methods, these can be deprecated.
-	_data: function( elem, name, data ) {
-		return dataPriv.access( elem, name, data );
-	},
-
-	_removeData: function( elem, name ) {
-		dataPriv.remove( elem, name );
-	}
-} );
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-	data: function( key, value ) {
-		var i, name, data,
-			elem = this[ 0 ],
-			attrs = elem && elem.attributes;
-
-		// Gets all values
-		if ( key === undefined ) {
-			if ( this.length ) {
-				data = dataUser.get( elem );
-
-				if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && !dataPriv.get( elem, "hasDataAttrs" ) ) {
-					i = attrs.length;
-					while ( i-- ) {
-
-						// Support: IE 11 only
-						// The attrs elements can be null (#14894)
-						if ( attrs[ i ] ) {
-							name = attrs[ i ].name;
-							if ( name.indexOf( "data-" ) === 0 ) {
-								name = camelCase( name.slice( 5 ) );
-								dataAttr( elem, name, data[ name ] );
-							}
-						}
-					}
-					dataPriv.set( elem, "hasDataAttrs", true );
-				}
-			}
-
-			return data;
-		}
-
-		// Sets multiple values
-		if ( typeof key === "object" ) {
-			return this.each( function() {
-				dataUser.set( this, key );
-			} );
-		}
-
-		return access( this, function( value ) {
-			var data;
-
-			// The calling jQuery object (element matches) is not empty
-			// (and therefore has an element appears at this[ 0 ]) and the
-			// `value` parameter was not undefined. An empty jQuery object
-			// will result in `undefined` for elem = this[ 0 ] which will
-			// throw an exception if an attempt to read a data cache is made.
-			if ( elem && value === undefined ) {
-
-				// Attempt to get data from the cache
-				// The key will always be camelCased in Data
-				data = dataUser.get( elem, key );
-				if ( data !== undefined ) {
-					return data;
-				}
-
-				// Attempt to "discover" the data in
-				// HTML5 custom data-* attrs
-				data = dataAttr( elem, key );
-				if ( data !== undefined ) {
-					return data;
-				}
-
-				// We tried really hard, but the data doesn't exist.
-				return;
-			}
-
-			// Set the data...
-			this.each( function() {
-
-				// We always store the camelCased key
-				dataUser.set( this, key, value );
-			} );
-		}, null, value, arguments.length > 1, null, true );
-	},
-
-	removeData: function( key ) {
-		return this.each( function() {
-			dataUser.remove( this, key );
-		} );
-	}
-} );
-
-
-jQuery.extend( {
-	queue: function( elem, type, data ) {
-		var queue;
-
-		if ( elem ) {
-			type = ( type || "fx" ) + "queue";
-			queue = dataPriv.get( elem, type );
-
-			// Speed up dequeue by getting out quickly if this is just a lookup
-			if ( data ) {
-				if ( !queue || Array.isArray( data ) ) {
-					queue = dataPriv.access( elem, type, jQuery.makeArray( data ) );
-				} else {
-					queue.push( data );
-				}
-			}
-			return queue || [];
-		}
-	},
-
-	dequeue: function( elem, type ) {
-		type = type || "fx";
-
-		var queue = jQuery.queue( elem, type ),
-			startLength = queue.length,
-			fn = queue.shift(),
-			hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, type ),
-			next = function() {
-				jQuery.dequeue( elem, type );
-			};
-
-		// If the fx queue is dequeued, always remove the progress sentinel
-		if ( fn === "inprogress" ) {
-			fn = queue.shift();
-			startLength--;
-		}
-
-		if ( fn ) {
-
-			// Add a progress sentinel to prevent the fx queue from being
-			// automatically dequeued
-			if ( type === "fx" ) {
-				queue.unshift( "inprogress" );
-			}
-
-			// Clear up the last queue stop function
-			delete hooks.stop;
-			fn.call( elem, next, hooks );
-		}
-
-		if ( !startLength && hooks ) {
-			hooks.empty.fire();
-		}
-	},
-
-	// Not public - generate a queueHooks object, or return the current one
-	_queueHooks: function( elem, type ) {
-		var key = type + "queueHooks";
-		return dataPriv.get( elem, key ) || dataPriv.access( elem, key, {
-			empty: jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ).add( function() {
-				dataPriv.remove( elem, [ type + "queue", key ] );
-			} )
-		} );
-	}
-} );
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-	queue: function( type, data ) {
-		var setter = 2;
-
-		if ( typeof type !== "string" ) {
-			data = type;
-			type = "fx";
-			setter--;
-		}
-
-		if ( arguments.length < setter ) {
-			return jQuery.queue( this[ 0 ], type );
-		}
-
-		return data === undefined ?
-			this :
-			this.each( function() {
-				var queue = jQuery.queue( this, type, data );
-
-				// Ensure a hooks for this queue
-				jQuery._queueHooks( this, type );
-
-				if ( type === "fx" && queue[ 0 ] !== "inprogress" ) {
-					jQuery.dequeue( this, type );
-				}
-			} );
-	},
-	dequeue: function( type ) {
-		return this.each( function() {
-			jQuery.dequeue( this, type );
-		} );
-	},
-	clearQueue: function( type ) {
-		return this.queue( type || "fx", [] );
-	},
-
-	// Get a promise resolved when queues of a certain type
-	// are emptied (fx is the type by default)
-	promise: function( type, obj ) {
-		var tmp,
-			count = 1,
-			defer = jQuery.Deferred(),
-			elements = this,
-			i = this.length,
-			resolve = function() {
-				if ( !( --count ) ) {
-					defer.resolveWith( elements, [ elements ] );
-				}
-			};
-
-		if ( typeof type !== "string" ) {
-			obj = type;
-			type = undefined;
-		}
-		type = type || "fx";
-
-		while ( i-- ) {
-			tmp = dataPriv.get( elements[ i ], type + "queueHooks" );
-			if ( tmp && tmp.empty ) {
-				count++;
-				tmp.empty.add( resolve );
-			}
-		}
-		resolve();
-		return defer.promise( obj );
-	}
-} );
-var pnum = ( /[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/ ).source;
-
-var rcssNum = new RegExp( "^(?:([+-])=|)(" + pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i" );
-
-
-var cssExpand = [ "Top", "Right", "Bottom", "Left" ];
-
-var documentElement = document.documentElement;
-
-
-
-	var isAttached = function( elem ) {
-			return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem );
-		},
-		composed = { composed: true };
-
-	// Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, iOS 10.0 - 10.2 only
-	// Check attachment across shadow DOM boundaries when possible (gh-3504)
-	// Support: iOS 10.0-10.2 only
-	// Early iOS 10 versions support `attachShadow` but not `getRootNode`,
-	// leading to errors. We need to check for `getRootNode`.
-	if ( documentElement.getRootNode ) {
-		isAttached = function( elem ) {
-			return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) ||
-				elem.getRootNode( composed ) === elem.ownerDocument;
-		};
-	}
-var isHiddenWithinTree = function( elem, el ) {
-
-		// isHiddenWithinTree might be called from jQuery#filter function;
-		// in that case, element will be second argument
-		elem = el || elem;
-
-		// Inline style trumps all
-		return elem.style.display === "none" ||
-			elem.style.display === "" &&
-
-			// Otherwise, check computed style
-			// Support: Firefox <=43 - 45
-			// Disconnected elements can have computed display: none, so first confirm that elem is
-			// in the document.
-			isAttached( elem ) &&
-
-			jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) === "none";
-	};
-
-
-
-function adjustCSS( elem, prop, valueParts, tween ) {
-	var adjusted, scale,
-		maxIterations = 20,
-		currentValue = tween ?
-			function() {
-				return tween.cur();
-			} :
-			function() {
-				return jQuery.css( elem, prop, "" );
-			},
-		initial = currentValue(),
-		unit = valueParts && valueParts[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ),
-
-		// Starting value computation is required for potential unit mismatches
-		initialInUnit = elem.nodeType &&
-			( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] || unit !== "px" && +initial ) &&
-			rcssNum.exec( jQuery.css( elem, prop ) );
-
-	if ( initialInUnit && initialInUnit[ 3 ] !== unit ) {
-
-		// Support: Firefox <=54
-		// Halve the iteration target value to prevent interference from CSS upper bounds (gh-2144)
-		initial = initial / 2;
-
-		// Trust units reported by jQuery.css
-		unit = unit || initialInUnit[ 3 ];
-
-		// Iteratively approximate from a nonzero starting point
-		initialInUnit = +initial || 1;
-
-		while ( maxIterations-- ) {
-
-			// Evaluate and update our best guess (doubling guesses that zero out).
-			// Finish if the scale equals or crosses 1 (making the old*new product non-positive).
-			jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit );
-			if ( ( 1 - scale ) * ( 1 - ( scale = currentValue() / initial || 0.5 ) ) <= 0 ) {
-				maxIterations = 0;
-			}
-			initialInUnit = initialInUnit / scale;
-
-		}
-
-		initialInUnit = initialInUnit * 2;
-		jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit );
-
-		// Make sure we update the tween properties later on
-		valueParts = valueParts || [];
-	}
-
-	if ( valueParts ) {
-		initialInUnit = +initialInUnit || +initial || 0;
-
-		// Apply relative offset (+=/-=) if specified
-		adjusted = valueParts[ 1 ] ?
-			initialInUnit + ( valueParts[ 1 ] + 1 ) * valueParts[ 2 ] :
-			+valueParts[ 2 ];
-		if ( tween ) {
-			tween.unit = unit;
-			tween.start = initialInUnit;
-			tween.end = adjusted;
-		}
-	}
-	return adjusted;
-}
-
-
-var defaultDisplayMap = {};
-
-function getDefaultDisplay( elem ) {
-	var temp,
-		doc = elem.ownerDocument,
-		nodeName = elem.nodeName,
-		display = defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ];
-
-	if ( display ) {
-		return display;
-	}
-
-	temp = doc.body.appendChild( doc.createElement( nodeName ) );
-	display = jQuery.css( temp, "display" );
-
-	temp.parentNode.removeChild( temp );
-
-	if ( display === "none" ) {
-		display = "block";
-	}
-	defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ] = display;
-
-	return display;
-}
-
-function showHide( elements, show ) {
-	var display, elem,
-		values = [],
-		index = 0,
-		length = elements.length;
-
-	// Determine new display value for elements that need to change
-	for ( ; index < length; index++ ) {
-		elem = elements[ index ];
-		if ( !elem.style ) {
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		display = elem.style.display;
-		if ( show ) {
-
-			// Since we force visibility upon cascade-hidden elements, an immediate (and slow)
-			// check is required in this first loop unless we have a nonempty display value (either
-			// inline or about-to-be-restored)
-			if ( display === "none" ) {
-				values[ index ] = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ) || null;
-				if ( !values[ index ] ) {
-					elem.style.display = "";
-				}
-			}
-			if ( elem.style.display === "" && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ) ) {
-				values[ index ] = getDefaultDisplay( elem );
-			}
-		} else {
-			if ( display !== "none" ) {
-				values[ index ] = "none";
-
-				// Remember what we're overwriting
-				dataPriv.set( elem, "display", display );
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Set the display of the elements in a second loop to avoid constant reflow
-	for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) {
-		if ( values[ index ] != null ) {
-			elements[ index ].style.display = values[ index ];
-		}
-	}
-
-	return elements;
-}
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-	show: function() {
-		return showHide( this, true );
-	},
-	hide: function() {
-		return showHide( this );
-	},
-	toggle: function( state ) {
-		if ( typeof state === "boolean" ) {
-			return state ? this.show() : this.hide();
-		}
-
-		return this.each( function() {
-			if ( isHiddenWithinTree( this ) ) {
-				jQuery( this ).show();
-			} else {
-				jQuery( this ).hide();
-			}
-		} );
-	}
-} );
-var rcheckableType = ( /^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i );
-
-var rtagName = ( /<([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]*)/i );
-
-var rscriptType = ( /^$|^module$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i );
-
-
-
-( function() {
-	var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(),
-		div = fragment.appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ),
-		input = document.createElement( "input" );
-
-	// Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only
-	// Check state lost if the name is set (#11217)
-	// Support: Windows Web Apps (WWA)
-	// `name` and `type` must use .setAttribute for WWA (#14901)
-	input.setAttribute( "type", "radio" );
-	input.setAttribute( "checked", "checked" );
-	input.setAttribute( "name", "t" );
-
-	div.appendChild( input );
-
-	// Support: Android <=4.1 only
-	// Older WebKit doesn't clone checked state correctly in fragments
-	support.checkClone = div.cloneNode( true ).cloneNode( true ).lastChild.checked;
-
-	// Support: IE <=11 only
-	// Make sure textarea (and checkbox) defaultValue is properly cloned
-	div.innerHTML = "<textarea>x</textarea>";
-	support.noCloneChecked = !!div.cloneNode( true ).lastChild.defaultValue;
-
-	// Support: IE <=9 only
-	// IE <=9 replaces <option> tags with their contents when inserted outside of
-	// the select element.
-	div.innerHTML = "<option></option>";
-	support.option = !!div.lastChild;
-} )();
-
-
-// We have to close these tags to support XHTML (#13200)
-var wrapMap = {
-
-	// XHTML parsers do not magically insert elements in the
-	// same way that tag soup parsers do. So we cannot shorten
-	// this by omitting <tbody> or other required elements.
-	thead: [ 1, "<table>", "</table>" ],
-	col: [ 2, "<table><colgroup>", "</colgroup></table>" ],
-	tr: [ 2, "<table><tbody>", "</tbody></table>" ],
-	td: [ 3, "<table><tbody><tr>", "</tr></tbody></table>" ],
-
-	_default: [ 0, "", "" ]
-};
-
-wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead;
-wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td;
-
-// Support: IE <=9 only
-if ( !support.option ) {
-	wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option = [ 1, "<select multiple='multiple'>", "</select>" ];
-}
-
-
-function getAll( context, tag ) {
-
-	// Support: IE <=9 - 11 only
-	// Use typeof to avoid zero-argument method invocation on host objects (#15151)
-	var ret;
-
-	if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) {
-		ret = context.getElementsByTagName( tag || "*" );
-
-	} else if ( typeof context.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" ) {
-		ret = context.querySelectorAll( tag || "*" );
-
-	} else {
-		ret = [];
-	}
-
-	if ( tag === undefined || tag && nodeName( context, tag ) ) {
-		return jQuery.merge( [ context ], ret );
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-
-// Mark scripts as having already been evaluated
-function setGlobalEval( elems, refElements ) {
-	var i = 0,
-		l = elems.length;
-
-	for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
-		dataPriv.set(
-			elems[ i ],
-			"globalEval",
-			!refElements || dataPriv.get( refElements[ i ], "globalEval" )
-		);
-	}
-}
-
-
-var rhtml = /<|&#?\w+;/;
-
-function buildFragment( elems, context, scripts, selection, ignored ) {
-	var elem, tmp, tag, wrap, attached, j,
-		fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(),
-		nodes = [],
-		i = 0,
-		l = elems.length;
-
-	for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
-		elem = elems[ i ];
-
-		if ( elem || elem === 0 ) {
-
-			// Add nodes directly
-			if ( toType( elem ) === "object" ) {
-
-				// Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only
-				// push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit
-				jQuery.merge( nodes, elem.nodeType ? [ elem ] : elem );
-
-			// Convert non-html into a text node
-			} else if ( !rhtml.test( elem ) ) {
-				nodes.push( context.createTextNode( elem ) );
-
-			// Convert html into DOM nodes
-			} else {
-				tmp = tmp || fragment.appendChild( context.createElement( "div" ) );
-
-				// Deserialize a standard representation
-				tag = ( rtagName.exec( elem ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase();
-				wrap = wrapMap[ tag ] || wrapMap._default;
-				tmp.innerHTML = wrap[ 1 ] + jQuery.htmlPrefilter( elem ) + wrap[ 2 ];
-
-				// Descend through wrappers to the right content
-				j = wrap[ 0 ];
-				while ( j-- ) {
-					tmp = tmp.lastChild;
-				}
-
-				// Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only
-				// push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit
-				jQuery.merge( nodes, tmp.childNodes );
-
-				// Remember the top-level container
-				tmp = fragment.firstChild;
-
-				// Ensure the created nodes are orphaned (#12392)
-				tmp.textContent = "";
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Remove wrapper from fragment
-	fragment.textContent = "";
-
-	i = 0;
-	while ( ( elem = nodes[ i++ ] ) ) {
-
-		// Skip elements already in the context collection (trac-4087)
-		if ( selection && jQuery.inArray( elem, selection ) > -1 ) {
-			if ( ignored ) {
-				ignored.push( elem );
-			}
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		attached = isAttached( elem );
-
-		// Append to fragment
-		tmp = getAll( fragment.appendChild( elem ), "script" );
-
-		// Preserve script evaluation history
-		if ( attached ) {
-			setGlobalEval( tmp );
-		}
-
-		// Capture executables
-		if ( scripts ) {
-			j = 0;
-			while ( ( elem = tmp[ j++ ] ) ) {
-				if ( rscriptType.test( elem.type || "" ) ) {
-					scripts.push( elem );
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return fragment;
-}
-
-
-var rtypenamespace = /^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)/;
-
-function returnTrue() {
-	return true;
-}
-
-function returnFalse() {
-	return false;
-}
-
-// Support: IE <=9 - 11+
-// focus() and blur() are asynchronous, except when they are no-op.
-// So expect focus to be synchronous when the element is already active,
-// and blur to be synchronous when the element is not already active.
-// (focus and blur are always synchronous in other supported browsers,
-// this just defines when we can count on it).
-function expectSync( elem, type ) {
-	return ( elem === safeActiveElement() ) === ( type === "focus" );
-}
-
-// Support: IE <=9 only
-// Accessing document.activeElement can throw unexpectedly
-// https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13393
-function safeActiveElement() {
-	try {
-		return document.activeElement;
-	} catch ( err ) { }
-}
-
-function on( elem, types, selector, data, fn, one ) {
-	var origFn, type;
-
-	// Types can be a map of types/handlers
-	if ( typeof types === "object" ) {
-
-		// ( types-Object, selector, data )
-		if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) {
-
-			// ( types-Object, data )
-			data = data || selector;
-			selector = undefined;
-		}
-		for ( type in types ) {
-			on( elem, type, selector, data, types[ type ], one );
-		}
-		return elem;
-	}
-
-	if ( data == null && fn == null ) {
-
-		// ( types, fn )
-		fn = selector;
-		data = selector = undefined;
-	} else if ( fn == null ) {
-		if ( typeof selector === "string" ) {
-
-			// ( types, selector, fn )
-			fn = data;
-			data = undefined;
-		} else {
-
-			// ( types, data, fn )
-			fn = data;
-			data = selector;
-			selector = undefined;
-		}
-	}
-	if ( fn === false ) {
-		fn = returnFalse;
-	} else if ( !fn ) {
-		return elem;
-	}
-
-	if ( one === 1 ) {
-		origFn = fn;
-		fn = function( event ) {
-
-			// Can use an empty set, since event contains the info
-			jQuery().off( event );
-			return origFn.apply( this, arguments );
-		};
-
-		// Use same guid so caller can remove using origFn
-		fn.guid = origFn.guid || ( origFn.guid = jQuery.guid++ );
-	}
-	return elem.each( function() {
-		jQuery.event.add( this, types, fn, data, selector );
-	} );
-}
-
-/*
- * Helper functions for managing events -- not part of the public interface.
- * Props to Dean Edwards' addEvent library for many of the ideas.
- */
-jQuery.event = {
-
-	global: {},
-
-	add: function( elem, types, handler, data, selector ) {
-
-		var handleObjIn, eventHandle, tmp,
-			events, t, handleObj,
-			special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType,
-			elemData = dataPriv.get( elem );
-
-		// Only attach events to objects that accept data
-		if ( !acceptData( elem ) ) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		// Caller can pass in an object of custom data in lieu of the handler
-		if ( handler.handler ) {
-			handleObjIn = handler;
-			handler = handleObjIn.handler;
-			selector = handleObjIn.selector;
-		}
-
-		// Ensure that invalid selectors throw exceptions at attach time
-		// Evaluate against documentElement in case elem is a non-element node (e.g., document)
-		if ( selector ) {
-			jQuery.find.matchesSelector( documentElement, selector );
-		}
-
-		// Make sure that the handler has a unique ID, used to find/remove it later
-		if ( !handler.guid ) {
-			handler.guid = jQuery.guid++;
-		}
-
-		// Init the element's event structure and main handler, if this is the first
-		if ( !( events = elemData.events ) ) {
-			events = elemData.events = Object.create( null );
-		}
-		if ( !( eventHandle = elemData.handle ) ) {
-			eventHandle = elemData.handle = function( e ) {
-
-				// Discard the second event of a jQuery.event.trigger() and
-				// when an event is called after a page has unloaded
-				return typeof jQuery !== "undefined" && jQuery.event.triggered !== e.type ?
-					jQuery.event.dispatch.apply( elem, arguments ) : undefined;
-			};
-		}
-
-		// Handle multiple events separated by a space
-		types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ];
-		t = types.length;
-		while ( t-- ) {
-			tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || [];
-			type = origType = tmp[ 1 ];
-			namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort();
-
-			// There *must* be a type, no attaching namespace-only handlers
-			if ( !type ) {
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			// If event changes its type, use the special event handlers for the changed type
-			special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};
-
-			// If selector defined, determine special event api type, otherwise given type
-			type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type;
-
-			// Update special based on newly reset type
-			special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};
-
-			// handleObj is passed to all event handlers
-			handleObj = jQuery.extend( {
-				type: type,
-				origType: origType,
-				data: data,
-				handler: handler,
-				guid: handler.guid,
-				selector: selector,
-				needsContext: selector && jQuery.expr.match.needsContext.test( selector ),
-				namespace: namespaces.join( "." )
-			}, handleObjIn );
-
-			// Init the event handler queue if we're the first
-			if ( !( handlers = events[ type ] ) ) {
-				handlers = events[ type ] = [];
-				handlers.delegateCount = 0;
-
-				// Only use addEventListener if the special events handler returns false
-				if ( !special.setup ||
-					special.setup.call( elem, data, namespaces, eventHandle ) === false ) {
-
-					if ( elem.addEventListener ) {
-						elem.addEventListener( type, eventHandle );
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			if ( special.add ) {
-				special.add.call( elem, handleObj );
-
-				if ( !handleObj.handler.guid ) {
-					handleObj.handler.guid = handler.guid;
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Add to the element's handler list, delegates in front
-			if ( selector ) {
-				handlers.splice( handlers.delegateCount++, 0, handleObj );
-			} else {
-				handlers.push( handleObj );
-			}
-
-			// Keep track of which events have ever been used, for event optimization
-			jQuery.event.global[ type ] = true;
-		}
-
-	},
-
-	// Detach an event or set of events from an element
-	remove: function( elem, types, handler, selector, mappedTypes ) {
-
-		var j, origCount, tmp,
-			events, t, handleObj,
-			special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType,
-			elemData = dataPriv.hasData( elem ) && dataPriv.get( elem );
-
-		if ( !elemData || !( events = elemData.events ) ) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		// Once for each type.namespace in types; type may be omitted
-		types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ];
-		t = types.length;
-		while ( t-- ) {
-			tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || [];
-			type = origType = tmp[ 1 ];
-			namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort();
-
-			// Unbind all events (on this namespace, if provided) for the element
-			if ( !type ) {
-				for ( type in events ) {
-					jQuery.event.remove( elem, type + types[ t ], handler, selector, true );
-				}
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};
-			type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type;
-			handlers = events[ type ] || [];
-			tmp = tmp[ 2 ] &&
-				new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" );
-
-			// Remove matching events
-			origCount = j = handlers.length;
-			while ( j-- ) {
-				handleObj = handlers[ j ];
-
-				if ( ( mappedTypes || origType === handleObj.origType ) &&
-					( !handler || handler.guid === handleObj.guid ) &&
-					( !tmp || tmp.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) &&
-					( !selector || selector === handleObj.selector ||
-						selector === "**" && handleObj.selector ) ) {
-					handlers.splice( j, 1 );
-
-					if ( handleObj.selector ) {
-						handlers.delegateCount--;
-					}
-					if ( special.remove ) {
-						special.remove.call( elem, handleObj );
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Remove generic event handler if we removed something and no more handlers exist
-			// (avoids potential for endless recursion during removal of special event handlers)
-			if ( origCount && !handlers.length ) {
-				if ( !special.teardown ||
-					special.teardown.call( elem, namespaces, elemData.handle ) === false ) {
-
-					jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, elemData.handle );
-				}
-
-				delete events[ type ];
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Remove data and the expando if it's no longer used
-		if ( jQuery.isEmptyObject( events ) ) {
-			dataPriv.remove( elem, "handle events" );
-		}
-	},
-
-	dispatch: function( nativeEvent ) {
-
-		var i, j, ret, matched, handleObj, handlerQueue,
-			args = new Array( arguments.length ),
-
-			// Make a writable jQuery.Event from the native event object
-			event = jQuery.event.fix( nativeEvent ),
-
-			handlers = (
-				dataPriv.get( this, "events" ) || Object.create( null )
-			)[ event.type ] || [],
-			special = jQuery.event.special[ event.type ] || {};
-
-		// Use the fix-ed jQuery.Event rather than the (read-only) native event
-		args[ 0 ] = event;
-
-		for ( i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++ ) {
-			args[ i ] = arguments[ i ];
-		}
-
-		event.delegateTarget = this;
-
-		// Call the preDispatch hook for the mapped type, and let it bail if desired
-		if ( special.preDispatch && special.preDispatch.call( this, event ) === false ) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		// Determine handlers
-		handlerQueue = jQuery.event.handlers.call( this, event, handlers );
-
-		// Run delegates first; they may want to stop propagation beneath us
-		i = 0;
-		while ( ( matched = handlerQueue[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
-			event.currentTarget = matched.elem;
-
-			j = 0;
-			while ( ( handleObj = matched.handlers[ j++ ] ) &&
-				!event.isImmediatePropagationStopped() ) {
-
-				// If the event is namespaced, then each handler is only invoked if it is
-				// specially universal or its namespaces are a superset of the event's.
-				if ( !event.rnamespace || handleObj.namespace === false ||
-					event.rnamespace.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) {
-
-					event.handleObj = handleObj;
-					event.data = handleObj.data;
-
-					ret = ( ( jQuery.event.special[ handleObj.origType ] || {} ).handle ||
-						handleObj.handler ).apply( matched.elem, args );
-
-					if ( ret !== undefined ) {
-						if ( ( event.result = ret ) === false ) {
-							event.preventDefault();
-							event.stopPropagation();
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Call the postDispatch hook for the mapped type
-		if ( special.postDispatch ) {
-			special.postDispatch.call( this, event );
-		}
-
-		return event.result;
-	},
-
-	handlers: function( event, handlers ) {
-		var i, handleObj, sel, matchedHandlers, matchedSelectors,
-			handlerQueue = [],
-			delegateCount = handlers.delegateCount,
-			cur = event.target;
-
-		// Find delegate handlers
-		if ( delegateCount &&
-
-			// Support: IE <=9
-			// Black-hole SVG <use> instance trees (trac-13180)
-			cur.nodeType &&
-
-			// Support: Firefox <=42
-			// Suppress spec-violating clicks indicating a non-primary pointer button (trac-3861)
-			// https://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#event-type-click
-			// Support: IE 11 only
-			// ...but not arrow key "clicks" of radio inputs, which can have `button` -1 (gh-2343)
-			!( event.type === "click" && event.button >= 1 ) ) {
-
-			for ( ; cur !== this; cur = cur.parentNode || this ) {
-
-				// Don't check non-elements (#13208)
-				// Don't process clicks on disabled elements (#6911, #8165, #11382, #11764)
-				if ( cur.nodeType === 1 && !( event.type === "click" && cur.disabled === true ) ) {
-					matchedHandlers = [];
-					matchedSelectors = {};
-					for ( i = 0; i < delegateCount; i++ ) {
-						handleObj = handlers[ i ];
-
-						// Don't conflict with Object.prototype properties (#13203)
-						sel = handleObj.selector + " ";
-
-						if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] === undefined ) {
-							matchedSelectors[ sel ] = handleObj.needsContext ?
-								jQuery( sel, this ).index( cur ) > -1 :
-								jQuery.find( sel, this, null, [ cur ] ).length;
-						}
-						if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] ) {
-							matchedHandlers.push( handleObj );
-						}
-					}
-					if ( matchedHandlers.length ) {
-						handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: matchedHandlers } );
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Add the remaining (directly-bound) handlers
-		cur = this;
-		if ( delegateCount < handlers.length ) {
-			handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: handlers.slice( delegateCount ) } );
-		}
-
-		return handlerQueue;
-	},
-
-	addProp: function( name, hook ) {
-		Object.defineProperty( jQuery.Event.prototype, name, {
-			enumerable: true,
-			configurable: true,
-
-			get: isFunction( hook ) ?
-				function() {
-					if ( this.originalEvent ) {
-						return hook( this.originalEvent );
-					}
-				} :
-				function() {
-					if ( this.originalEvent ) {
-						return this.originalEvent[ name ];
-					}
-				},
-
-			set: function( value ) {
-				Object.defineProperty( this, name, {
-					enumerable: true,
-					configurable: true,
-					writable: true,
-					value: value
-				} );
-			}
-		} );
-	},
-
-	fix: function( originalEvent ) {
-		return originalEvent[ jQuery.expando ] ?
-			originalEvent :
-			new jQuery.Event( originalEvent );
-	},
-
-	special: {
-		load: {
-
-			// Prevent triggered image.load events from bubbling to window.load
-			noBubble: true
-		},
-		click: {
-
-			// Utilize native event to ensure correct state for checkable inputs
-			setup: function( data ) {
-
-				// For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var.
-				// `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification.
-				var el = this || data;
-
-				// Claim the first handler
-				if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) &&
-					el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) {
-
-					// dataPriv.set( el, "click", ... )
-					leverageNative( el, "click", returnTrue );
-				}
-
-				// Return false to allow normal processing in the caller
-				return false;
-			},
-			trigger: function( data ) {
-
-				// For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var.
-				// `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification.
-				var el = this || data;
-
-				// Force setup before triggering a click
-				if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) &&
-					el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) {
-
-					leverageNative( el, "click" );
-				}
-
-				// Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation
-				return true;
-			},
-
-			// For cross-browser consistency, suppress native .click() on links
-			// Also prevent it if we're currently inside a leveraged native-event stack
-			_default: function( event ) {
-				var target = event.target;
-				return rcheckableType.test( target.type ) &&
-					target.click && nodeName( target, "input" ) &&
-					dataPriv.get( target, "click" ) ||
-					nodeName( target, "a" );
-			}
-		},
-
-		beforeunload: {
-			postDispatch: function( event ) {
-
-				// Support: Firefox 20+
-				// Firefox doesn't alert if the returnValue field is not set.
-				if ( event.result !== undefined && event.originalEvent ) {
-					event.originalEvent.returnValue = event.result;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-};
-
-// Ensure the presence of an event listener that handles manually-triggered
-// synthetic events by interrupting progress until reinvoked in response to
-// *native* events that it fires directly, ensuring that state changes have
-// already occurred before other listeners are invoked.
-function leverageNative( el, type, expectSync ) {
-
-	// Missing expectSync indicates a trigger call, which must force setup through jQuery.event.add
-	if ( !expectSync ) {
-		if ( dataPriv.get( el, type ) === undefined ) {
-			jQuery.event.add( el, type, returnTrue );
-		}
-		return;
-	}
-
-	// Register the controller as a special universal handler for all event namespaces
-	dataPriv.set( el, type, false );
-	jQuery.event.add( el, type, {
-		namespace: false,
-		handler: function( event ) {
-			var notAsync, result,
-				saved = dataPriv.get( this, type );
-
-			if ( ( event.isTrigger & 1 ) && this[ type ] ) {
-
-				// Interrupt processing of the outer synthetic .trigger()ed event
-				// Saved data should be false in such cases, but might be a leftover capture object
-				// from an async native handler (gh-4350)
-				if ( !saved.length ) {
-
-					// Store arguments for use when handling the inner native event
-					// There will always be at least one argument (an event object), so this array
-					// will not be confused with a leftover capture object.
-					saved = slice.call( arguments );
-					dataPriv.set( this, type, saved );
-
-					// Trigger the native event and capture its result
-					// Support: IE <=9 - 11+
-					// focus() and blur() are asynchronous
-					notAsync = expectSync( this, type );
-					this[ type ]();
-					result = dataPriv.get( this, type );
-					if ( saved !== result || notAsync ) {
-						dataPriv.set( this, type, false );
-					} else {
-						result = {};
-					}
-					if ( saved !== result ) {
-
-						// Cancel the outer synthetic event
-						event.stopImmediatePropagation();
-						event.preventDefault();
-
-						// Support: Chrome 86+
-						// In Chrome, if an element having a focusout handler is blurred by
-						// clicking outside of it, it invokes the handler synchronously. If
-						// that handler calls `.remove()` on the element, the data is cleared,
-						// leaving `result` undefined. We need to guard against this.
-						return result && result.value;
-					}
-
-				// If this is an inner synthetic event for an event with a bubbling surrogate
-				// (focus or blur), assume that the surrogate already propagated from triggering the
-				// native event and prevent that from happening again here.
-				// This technically gets the ordering wrong w.r.t. to `.trigger()` (in which the
-				// bubbling surrogate propagates *after* the non-bubbling base), but that seems
-				// less bad than duplication.
-				} else if ( ( jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {} ).delegateType ) {
-					event.stopPropagation();
-				}
-
-			// If this is a native event triggered above, everything is now in order
-			// Fire an inner synthetic event with the original arguments
-			} else if ( saved.length ) {
-
-				// ...and capture the result
-				dataPriv.set( this, type, {
-					value: jQuery.event.trigger(
-
-						// Support: IE <=9 - 11+
-						// Extend with the prototype to reset the above stopImmediatePropagation()
-						jQuery.extend( saved[ 0 ], jQuery.Event.prototype ),
-						saved.slice( 1 ),
-						this
-					)
-				} );
-
-				// Abort handling of the native event
-				event.stopImmediatePropagation();
-			}
-		}
-	} );
-}
-
-jQuery.removeEvent = function( elem, type, handle ) {
-
-	// This "if" is needed for plain objects
-	if ( elem.removeEventListener ) {
-		elem.removeEventListener( type, handle );
-	}
-};
-
-jQuery.Event = function( src, props ) {
-
-	// Allow instantiation without the 'new' keyword
-	if ( !( this instanceof jQuery.Event ) ) {
-		return new jQuery.Event( src, props );
-	}
-
-	// Event object
-	if ( src && src.type ) {
-		this.originalEvent = src;
-		this.type = src.type;
-
-		// Events bubbling up the document may have been marked as prevented
-		// by a handler lower down the tree; reflect the correct value.
-		this.isDefaultPrevented = src.defaultPrevented ||
-				src.defaultPrevented === undefined &&
-
-				// Support: Android <=2.3 only
-				src.returnValue === false ?
-			returnTrue :
-			returnFalse;
-
-		// Create target properties
-		// Support: Safari <=6 - 7 only
-		// Target should not be a text node (#504, #13143)
-		this.target = ( src.target && src.target.nodeType === 3 ) ?
-			src.target.parentNode :
-			src.target;
-
-		this.currentTarget = src.currentTarget;
-		this.relatedTarget = src.relatedTarget;
-
-	// Event type
-	} else {
-		this.type = src;
-	}
-
-	// Put explicitly provided properties onto the event object
-	if ( props ) {
-		jQuery.extend( this, props );
-	}
-
-	// Create a timestamp if incoming event doesn't have one
-	this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || Date.now();
-
-	// Mark it as fixed
-	this[ jQuery.expando ] = true;
-};
-
-// jQuery.Event is based on DOM3 Events as specified by the ECMAScript Language Binding
-// https://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20030331/ecma-script-binding.html
-jQuery.Event.prototype = {
-	constructor: jQuery.Event,
-	isDefaultPrevented: returnFalse,
-	isPropagationStopped: returnFalse,
-	isImmediatePropagationStopped: returnFalse,
-	isSimulated: false,
-
-	preventDefault: function() {
-		var e = this.originalEvent;
-
-		this.isDefaultPrevented = returnTrue;
-
-		if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) {
-			e.preventDefault();
-		}
-	},
-	stopPropagation: function() {
-		var e = this.originalEvent;
-
-		this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue;
-
-		if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) {
-			e.stopPropagation();
-		}
-	},
-	stopImmediatePropagation: function() {
-		var e = this.originalEvent;
-
-		this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = returnTrue;
-
-		if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) {
-			e.stopImmediatePropagation();
-		}
-
-		this.stopPropagation();
-	}
-};
-
-// Includes all common event props including KeyEvent and MouseEvent specific props
-jQuery.each( {
-	altKey: true,
-	bubbles: true,
-	cancelable: true,
-	changedTouches: true,
-	ctrlKey: true,
-	detail: true,
-	eventPhase: true,
-	metaKey: true,
-	pageX: true,
-	pageY: true,
-	shiftKey: true,
-	view: true,
-	"char": true,
-	code: true,
-	charCode: true,
-	key: true,
-	keyCode: true,
-	button: true,
-	buttons: true,
-	clientX: true,
-	clientY: true,
-	offsetX: true,
-	offsetY: true,
-	pointerId: true,
-	pointerType: true,
-	screenX: true,
-	screenY: true,
-	targetTouches: true,
-	toElement: true,
-	touches: true,
-	which: true
-}, jQuery.event.addProp );
-
-jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( type, delegateType ) {
-	jQuery.event.special[ type ] = {
-
-		// Utilize native event if possible so blur/focus sequence is correct
-		setup: function() {
-
-			// Claim the first handler
-			// dataPriv.set( this, "focus", ... )
-			// dataPriv.set( this, "blur", ... )
-			leverageNative( this, type, expectSync );
-
-			// Return false to allow normal processing in the caller
-			return false;
-		},
-		trigger: function() {
-
-			// Force setup before trigger
-			leverageNative( this, type );
-
-			// Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation
-			return true;
-		},
-
-		// Suppress native focus or blur as it's already being fired
-		// in leverageNative.
-		_default: function() {
-			return true;
-		},
-
-		delegateType: delegateType
-	};
-} );
-
-// Create mouseenter/leave events using mouseover/out and event-time checks
-// so that event delegation works in jQuery.
-// Do the same for pointerenter/pointerleave and pointerover/pointerout
-//
-// Support: Safari 7 only
-// Safari sends mouseenter too often; see:
-// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=470258
-// for the description of the bug (it existed in older Chrome versions as well).
-jQuery.each( {
-	mouseenter: "mouseover",
-	mouseleave: "mouseout",
-	pointerenter: "pointerover",
-	pointerleave: "pointerout"
-}, function( orig, fix ) {
-	jQuery.event.special[ orig ] = {
-		delegateType: fix,
-		bindType: fix,
-
-		handle: function( event ) {
-			var ret,
-				target = this,
-				related = event.relatedTarget,
-				handleObj = event.handleObj;
-
-			// For mouseenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target.
-			// NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window
-			if ( !related || ( related !== target && !jQuery.contains( target, related ) ) ) {
-				event.type = handleObj.origType;
-				ret = handleObj.handler.apply( this, arguments );
-				event.type = fix;
-			}
-			return ret;
-		}
-	};
-} );
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-
-	on: function( types, selector, data, fn ) {
-		return on( this, types, selector, data, fn );
-	},
-	one: function( types, selector, data, fn ) {
-		return on( this, types, selector, data, fn, 1 );
-	},
-	off: function( types, selector, fn ) {
-		var handleObj, type;
-		if ( types && types.preventDefault && types.handleObj ) {
-
-			// ( event )  dispatched jQuery.Event
-			handleObj = types.handleObj;
-			jQuery( types.delegateTarget ).off(
-				handleObj.namespace ?
-					handleObj.origType + "." + handleObj.namespace :
-					handleObj.origType,
-				handleObj.selector,
-				handleObj.handler
-			);
-			return this;
-		}
-		if ( typeof types === "object" ) {
-
-			// ( types-object [, selector] )
-			for ( type in types ) {
-				this.off( type, selector, types[ type ] );
-			}
-			return this;
-		}
-		if ( selector === false || typeof selector === "function" ) {
-
-			// ( types [, fn] )
-			fn = selector;
-			selector = undefined;
-		}
-		if ( fn === false ) {
-			fn = returnFalse;
-		}
-		return this.each( function() {
-			jQuery.event.remove( this, types, fn, selector );
-		} );
-	}
-} );
-
-
-var
-
-	// Support: IE <=10 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 only
-	// In IE/Edge using regex groups here causes severe slowdowns.
-	// See https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedback/details/1736512/
-	rnoInnerhtml = /<script|<style|<link/i,
-
-	// checked="checked" or checked
-	rchecked = /checked\s*(?:[^=]|=\s*.checked.)/i,
-	rcleanScript = /^\s*<!(?:\[CDATA\[|--)|(?:\]\]|--)>\s*$/g;
-
-// Prefer a tbody over its parent table for containing new rows
-function manipulationTarget( elem, content ) {
-	if ( nodeName( elem, "table" ) &&
-		nodeName( content.nodeType !== 11 ? content : content.firstChild, "tr" ) ) {
-
-		return jQuery( elem ).children( "tbody" )[ 0 ] || elem;
-	}
-
-	return elem;
-}
-
-// Replace/restore the type attribute of script elements for safe DOM manipulation
-function disableScript( elem ) {
-	elem.type = ( elem.getAttribute( "type" ) !== null ) + "/" + elem.type;
-	return elem;
-}
-function restoreScript( elem ) {
-	if ( ( elem.type || "" ).slice( 0, 5 ) === "true/" ) {
-		elem.type = elem.type.slice( 5 );
-	} else {
-		elem.removeAttribute( "type" );
-	}
-
-	return elem;
-}
-
-function cloneCopyEvent( src, dest ) {
-	var i, l, type, pdataOld, udataOld, udataCur, events;
-
-	if ( dest.nodeType !== 1 ) {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	// 1. Copy private data: events, handlers, etc.
-	if ( dataPriv.hasData( src ) ) {
-		pdataOld = dataPriv.get( src );
-		events = pdataOld.events;
-
-		if ( events ) {
-			dataPriv.remove( dest, "handle events" );
-
-			for ( type in events ) {
-				for ( i = 0, l = events[ type ].length; i < l; i++ ) {
-					jQuery.event.add( dest, type, events[ type ][ i ] );
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// 2. Copy user data
-	if ( dataUser.hasData( src ) ) {
-		udataOld = dataUser.access( src );
-		udataCur = jQuery.extend( {}, udataOld );
-
-		dataUser.set( dest, udataCur );
-	}
-}
-
-// Fix IE bugs, see support tests
-function fixInput( src, dest ) {
-	var nodeName = dest.nodeName.toLowerCase();
-
-	// Fails to persist the checked state of a cloned checkbox or radio button.
-	if ( nodeName === "input" && rcheckableType.test( src.type ) ) {
-		dest.checked = src.checked;
-
-	// Fails to return the selected option to the default selected state when cloning options
-	} else if ( nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea" ) {
-		dest.defaultValue = src.defaultValue;
-	}
-}
-
-function domManip( collection, args, callback, ignored ) {
-
-	// Flatten any nested arrays
-	args = flat( args );
-
-	var fragment, first, scripts, hasScripts, node, doc,
-		i = 0,
-		l = collection.length,
-		iNoClone = l - 1,
-		value = args[ 0 ],
-		valueIsFunction = isFunction( value );
-
-	// We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit
-	if ( valueIsFunction ||
-			( l > 1 && typeof value === "string" &&
-				!support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) {
-		return collection.each( function( index ) {
-			var self = collection.eq( index );
-			if ( valueIsFunction ) {
-				args[ 0 ] = value.call( this, index, self.html() );
-			}
-			domManip( self, args, callback, ignored );
-		} );
-	}
-
-	if ( l ) {
-		fragment = buildFragment( args, collection[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, collection, ignored );
-		first = fragment.firstChild;
-
-		if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) {
-			fragment = first;
-		}
-
-		// Require either new content or an interest in ignored elements to invoke the callback
-		if ( first || ignored ) {
-			scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript );
-			hasScripts = scripts.length;
-
-			// Use the original fragment for the last item
-			// instead of the first because it can end up
-			// being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070).
-			for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
-				node = fragment;
-
-				if ( i !== iNoClone ) {
-					node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true );
-
-					// Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration
-					if ( hasScripts ) {
-
-						// Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only
-						// push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit
-						jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) );
-					}
-				}
-
-				callback.call( collection[ i ], node, i );
-			}
-
-			if ( hasScripts ) {
-				doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument;
-
-				// Reenable scripts
-				jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript );
-
-				// Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion
-				for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) {
-					node = scripts[ i ];
-					if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) &&
-						!dataPriv.access( node, "globalEval" ) &&
-						jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) {
-
-						if ( node.src && ( node.type || "" ).toLowerCase()  !== "module" ) {
-
-							// Optional AJAX dependency, but won't run scripts if not present
-							if ( jQuery._evalUrl && !node.noModule ) {
-								jQuery._evalUrl( node.src, {
-									nonce: node.nonce || node.getAttribute( "nonce" )
-								}, doc );
-							}
-						} else {
-							DOMEval( node.textContent.replace( rcleanScript, "" ), node, doc );
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return collection;
-}
-
-function remove( elem, selector, keepData ) {
-	var node,
-		nodes = selector ? jQuery.filter( selector, elem ) : elem,
-		i = 0;
-
-	for ( ; ( node = nodes[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) {
-		if ( !keepData && node.nodeType === 1 ) {
-			jQuery.cleanData( getAll( node ) );
-		}
-
-		if ( node.parentNode ) {
-			if ( keepData && isAttached( node ) ) {
-				setGlobalEval( getAll( node, "script" ) );
-			}
-			node.parentNode.removeChild( node );
-		}
-	}
-
-	return elem;
-}
-
-jQuery.extend( {
-	htmlPrefilter: function( html ) {
-		return html;
-	},
-
-	clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) {
-		var i, l, srcElements, destElements,
-			clone = elem.cloneNode( true ),
-			inPage = isAttached( elem );
-
-		// Fix IE cloning issues
-		if ( !support.noCloneChecked && ( elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11 ) &&
-				!jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) {
-
-			// We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: https://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2
-			destElements = getAll( clone );
-			srcElements = getAll( elem );
-
-			for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) {
-				fixInput( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] );
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Copy the events from the original to the clone
-		if ( dataAndEvents ) {
-			if ( deepDataAndEvents ) {
-				srcElements = srcElements || getAll( elem );
-				destElements = destElements || getAll( clone );
-
-				for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) {
-					cloneCopyEvent( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] );
-				}
-			} else {
-				cloneCopyEvent( elem, clone );
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Preserve script evaluation history
-		destElements = getAll( clone, "script" );
-		if ( destElements.length > 0 ) {
-			setGlobalEval( destElements, !inPage && getAll( elem, "script" ) );
-		}
-
-		// Return the cloned set
-		return clone;
-	},
-
-	cleanData: function( elems ) {
-		var data, elem, type,
-			special = jQuery.event.special,
-			i = 0;
-
-		for ( ; ( elem = elems[ i ] ) !== undefined; i++ ) {
-			if ( acceptData( elem ) ) {
-				if ( ( data = elem[ dataPriv.expando ] ) ) {
-					if ( data.events ) {
-						for ( type in data.events ) {
-							if ( special[ type ] ) {
-								jQuery.event.remove( elem, type );
-
-							// This is a shortcut to avoid jQuery.event.remove's overhead
-							} else {
-								jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, data.handle );
-							}
-						}
-					}
-
-					// Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+
-					// Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove
-					elem[ dataPriv.expando ] = undefined;
-				}
-				if ( elem[ dataUser.expando ] ) {
-
-					// Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+
-					// Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove
-					elem[ dataUser.expando ] = undefined;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-} );
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-	detach: function( selector ) {
-		return remove( this, selector, true );
-	},
-
-	remove: function( selector ) {
-		return remove( this, selector );
-	},
-
-	text: function( value ) {
-		return access( this, function( value ) {
-			return value === undefined ?
-				jQuery.text( this ) :
-				this.empty().each( function() {
-					if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) {
-						this.textContent = value;
-					}
-				} );
-		}, null, value, arguments.length );
-	},
-
-	append: function() {
-		return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) {
-			if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) {
-				var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem );
-				target.appendChild( elem );
-			}
-		} );
-	},
-
-	prepend: function() {
-		return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) {
-			if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) {
-				var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem );
-				target.insertBefore( elem, target.firstChild );
-			}
-		} );
-	},
-
-	before: function() {
-		return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) {
-			if ( this.parentNode ) {
-				this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this );
-			}
-		} );
-	},
-
-	after: function() {
-		return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) {
-			if ( this.parentNode ) {
-				this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this.nextSibling );
-			}
-		} );
-	},
-
-	empty: function() {
-		var elem,
-			i = 0;
-
-		for ( ; ( elem = this[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) {
-			if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
-
-				// Prevent memory leaks
-				jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) );
-
-				// Remove any remaining nodes
-				elem.textContent = "";
-			}
-		}
-
-		return this;
-	},
-
-	clone: function( dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) {
-		dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents;
-		deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents;
-
-		return this.map( function() {
-			return jQuery.clone( this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents );
-		} );
-	},
-
-	html: function( value ) {
-		return access( this, function( value ) {
-			var elem = this[ 0 ] || {},
-				i = 0,
-				l = this.length;
-
-			if ( value === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
-				return elem.innerHTML;
-			}
-
-			// See if we can take a shortcut and just use innerHTML
-			if ( typeof value === "string" && !rnoInnerhtml.test( value ) &&
-				!wrapMap[ ( rtagName.exec( value ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase() ] ) {
-
-				value = jQuery.htmlPrefilter( value );
-
-				try {
-					for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
-						elem = this[ i ] || {};
-
-						// Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks
-						if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
-							jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) );
-							elem.innerHTML = value;
-						}
-					}
-
-					elem = 0;
-
-				// If using innerHTML throws an exception, use the fallback method
-				} catch ( e ) {}
-			}
-
-			if ( elem ) {
-				this.empty().append( value );
-			}
-		}, null, value, arguments.length );
-	},
-
-	replaceWith: function() {
-		var ignored = [];
-
-		// Make the changes, replacing each non-ignored context element with the new content
-		return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) {
-			var parent = this.parentNode;
-
-			if ( jQuery.inArray( this, ignored ) < 0 ) {
-				jQuery.cleanData( getAll( this ) );
-				if ( parent ) {
-					parent.replaceChild( elem, this );
-				}
-			}
-
-		// Force callback invocation
-		}, ignored );
-	}
-} );
-
-jQuery.each( {
-	appendTo: "append",
-	prependTo: "prepend",
-	insertBefore: "before",
-	insertAfter: "after",
-	replaceAll: "replaceWith"
-}, function( name, original ) {
-	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( selector ) {
-		var elems,
-			ret = [],
-			insert = jQuery( selector ),
-			last = insert.length - 1,
-			i = 0;
-
-		for ( ; i <= last; i++ ) {
-			elems = i === last ? this : this.clone( true );
-			jQuery( insert[ i ] )[ original ]( elems );
-
-			// Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only
-			// .get() because push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit
-			push.apply( ret, elems.get() );
-		}
-
-		return this.pushStack( ret );
-	};
-} );
-var rnumnonpx = new RegExp( "^(" + pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i" );
-
-var getStyles = function( elem ) {
-
-		// Support: IE <=11 only, Firefox <=30 (#15098, #14150)
-		// IE throws on elements created in popups
-		// FF meanwhile throws on frame elements through "defaultView.getComputedStyle"
-		var view = elem.ownerDocument.defaultView;
-
-		if ( !view || !view.opener ) {
-			view = window;
-		}
-
-		return view.getComputedStyle( elem );
-	};
-
-var swap = function( elem, options, callback ) {
-	var ret, name,
-		old = {};
-
-	// Remember the old values, and insert the new ones
-	for ( name in options ) {
-		old[ name ] = elem.style[ name ];
-		elem.style[ name ] = options[ name ];
-	}
-
-	ret = callback.call( elem );
-
-	// Revert the old values
-	for ( name in options ) {
-		elem.style[ name ] = old[ name ];
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-};
-
-
-var rboxStyle = new RegExp( cssExpand.join( "|" ), "i" );
-
-
-
-( function() {
-
-	// Executing both pixelPosition & boxSizingReliable tests require only one layout
-	// so they're executed at the same time to save the second computation.
-	function computeStyleTests() {
-
-		// This is a singleton, we need to execute it only once
-		if ( !div ) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		container.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;width:60px;" +
-			"margin-top:1px;padding:0;border:0";
-		div.style.cssText =
-			"position:relative;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:scroll;" +
-			"margin:auto;border:1px;padding:1px;" +
-			"width:60%;top:1%";
-		documentElement.appendChild( container ).appendChild( div );
-
-		var divStyle = window.getComputedStyle( div );
-		pixelPositionVal = divStyle.top !== "1%";
-
-		// Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Firefox <=3 - 44
-		reliableMarginLeftVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.marginLeft ) === 12;
-
-		// Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Safari <=9.1 - 10.1, iOS <=7.0 - 9.3
-		// Some styles come back with percentage values, even though they shouldn't
-		div.style.right = "60%";
-		pixelBoxStylesVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.right ) === 36;
-
-		// Support: IE 9 - 11 only
-		// Detect misreporting of content dimensions for box-sizing:border-box elements
-		boxSizingReliableVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.width ) === 36;
-
-		// Support: IE 9 only
-		// Detect overflow:scroll screwiness (gh-3699)
-		// Support: Chrome <=64
-		// Don't get tricked when zoom affects offsetWidth (gh-4029)
-		div.style.position = "absolute";
-		scrollboxSizeVal = roundPixelMeasures( div.offsetWidth / 3 ) === 12;
-
-		documentElement.removeChild( container );
-
-		// Nullify the div so it wouldn't be stored in the memory and
-		// it will also be a sign that checks already performed
-		div = null;
-	}
-
-	function roundPixelMeasures( measure ) {
-		return Math.round( parseFloat( measure ) );
-	}
-
-	var pixelPositionVal, boxSizingReliableVal, scrollboxSizeVal, pixelBoxStylesVal,
-		reliableTrDimensionsVal, reliableMarginLeftVal,
-		container = document.createElement( "div" ),
-		div = document.createElement( "div" );
-
-	// Finish early in limited (non-browser) environments
-	if ( !div.style ) {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	// Support: IE <=9 - 11 only
-	// Style of cloned element affects source element cloned (#8908)
-	div.style.backgroundClip = "content-box";
-	div.cloneNode( true ).style.backgroundClip = "";
-	support.clearCloneStyle = div.style.backgroundClip === "content-box";
-
-	jQuery.extend( support, {
-		boxSizingReliable: function() {
-			computeStyleTests();
-			return boxSizingReliableVal;
-		},
-		pixelBoxStyles: function() {
-			computeStyleTests();
-			return pixelBoxStylesVal;
-		},
-		pixelPosition: function() {
-			computeStyleTests();
-			return pixelPositionVal;
-		},
-		reliableMarginLeft: function() {
-			computeStyleTests();
-			return reliableMarginLeftVal;
-		},
-		scrollboxSize: function() {
-			computeStyleTests();
-			return scrollboxSizeVal;
-		},
-
-		// Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+
-		// IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height
-		// set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values.
-		// Behavior in IE 9 is more subtle than in newer versions & it passes
-		// some versions of this test; make sure not to make it pass there!
-		//
-		// Support: Firefox 70+
-		// Only Firefox includes border widths
-		// in computed dimensions. (gh-4529)
-		reliableTrDimensions: function() {
-			var table, tr, trChild, trStyle;
-			if ( reliableTrDimensionsVal == null ) {
-				table = document.createElement( "table" );
-				tr = document.createElement( "tr" );
-				trChild = document.createElement( "div" );
-
-				table.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;border-collapse:separate";
-				tr.style.cssText = "border:1px solid";
-
-				// Support: Chrome 86+
-				// Height set through cssText does not get applied.
-				// Computed height then comes back as 0.
-				tr.style.height = "1px";
-				trChild.style.height = "9px";
-
-				// Support: Android 8 Chrome 86+
-				// In our bodyBackground.html iframe,
-				// display for all div elements is set to "inline",
-				// which causes a problem only in Android 8 Chrome 86.
-				// Ensuring the div is display: block
-				// gets around this issue.
-				trChild.style.display = "block";
-
-				documentElement
-					.appendChild( table )
-					.appendChild( tr )
-					.appendChild( trChild );
-
-				trStyle = window.getComputedStyle( tr );
-				reliableTrDimensionsVal = ( parseInt( trStyle.height, 10 ) +
-					parseInt( trStyle.borderTopWidth, 10 ) +
-					parseInt( trStyle.borderBottomWidth, 10 ) ) === tr.offsetHeight;
-
-				documentElement.removeChild( table );
-			}
-			return reliableTrDimensionsVal;
-		}
-	} );
-} )();
-
-
-function curCSS( elem, name, computed ) {
-	var width, minWidth, maxWidth, ret,
-
-		// Support: Firefox 51+
-		// Retrieving style before computed somehow
-		// fixes an issue with getting wrong values
-		// on detached elements
-		style = elem.style;
-
-	computed = computed || getStyles( elem );
-
-	// getPropertyValue is needed for:
-	//   .css('filter') (IE 9 only, #12537)
-	//   .css('--customProperty) (#3144)
-	if ( computed ) {
-		ret = computed.getPropertyValue( name ) || computed[ name ];
-
-		if ( ret === "" && !isAttached( elem ) ) {
-			ret = jQuery.style( elem, name );
-		}
-
-		// A tribute to the "awesome hack by Dean Edwards"
-		// Android Browser returns percentage for some values,
-		// but width seems to be reliably pixels.
-		// This is against the CSSOM draft spec:
-		// https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#resolved-values
-		if ( !support.pixelBoxStyles() && rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && rboxStyle.test( name ) ) {
-
-			// Remember the original values
-			width = style.width;
-			minWidth = style.minWidth;
-			maxWidth = style.maxWidth;
-
-			// Put in the new values to get a computed value out
-			style.minWidth = style.maxWidth = style.width = ret;
-			ret = computed.width;
-
-			// Revert the changed values
-			style.width = width;
-			style.minWidth = minWidth;
-			style.maxWidth = maxWidth;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return ret !== undefined ?
-
-		// Support: IE <=9 - 11 only
-		// IE returns zIndex value as an integer.
-		ret + "" :
-		ret;
-}
-
-
-function addGetHookIf( conditionFn, hookFn ) {
-
-	// Define the hook, we'll check on the first run if it's really needed.
-	return {
-		get: function() {
-			if ( conditionFn() ) {
-
-				// Hook not needed (or it's not possible to use it due
-				// to missing dependency), remove it.
-				delete this.get;
-				return;
-			}
-
-			// Hook needed; redefine it so that the support test is not executed again.
-			return ( this.get = hookFn ).apply( this, arguments );
-		}
-	};
-}
-
-
-var cssPrefixes = [ "Webkit", "Moz", "ms" ],
-	emptyStyle = document.createElement( "div" ).style,
-	vendorProps = {};
-
-// Return a vendor-prefixed property or undefined
-function vendorPropName( name ) {
-
-	// Check for vendor prefixed names
-	var capName = name[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + name.slice( 1 ),
-		i = cssPrefixes.length;
-
-	while ( i-- ) {
-		name = cssPrefixes[ i ] + capName;
-		if ( name in emptyStyle ) {
-			return name;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// Return a potentially-mapped jQuery.cssProps or vendor prefixed property
-function finalPropName( name ) {
-	var final = jQuery.cssProps[ name ] || vendorProps[ name ];
-
-	if ( final ) {
-		return final;
-	}
-	if ( name in emptyStyle ) {
-		return name;
-	}
-	return vendorProps[ name ] = vendorPropName( name ) || name;
-}
-
-
-var
-
-	// Swappable if display is none or starts with table
-	// except "table", "table-cell", or "table-caption"
-	// See here for display values: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/display
-	rdisplayswap = /^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/,
-	rcustomProp = /^--/,
-	cssShow = { position: "absolute", visibility: "hidden", display: "block" },
-	cssNormalTransform = {
-		letterSpacing: "0",
-		fontWeight: "400"
-	};
-
-function setPositiveNumber( _elem, value, subtract ) {
-
-	// Any relative (+/-) values have already been
-	// normalized at this point
-	var matches = rcssNum.exec( value );
-	return matches ?
-
-		// Guard against undefined "subtract", e.g., when used as in cssHooks
-		Math.max( 0, matches[ 2 ] - ( subtract || 0 ) ) + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) :
-		value;
-}
-
-function boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, box, isBorderBox, styles, computedVal ) {
-	var i = dimension === "width" ? 1 : 0,
-		extra = 0,
-		delta = 0;
-
-	// Adjustment may not be necessary
-	if ( box === ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ) ) {
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 ) {
-
-		// Both box models exclude margin
-		if ( box === "margin" ) {
-			delta += jQuery.css( elem, box + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );
-		}
-
-		// If we get here with a content-box, we're seeking "padding" or "border" or "margin"
-		if ( !isBorderBox ) {
-
-			// Add padding
-			delta += jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );
-
-			// For "border" or "margin", add border
-			if ( box !== "padding" ) {
-				delta += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles );
-
-			// But still keep track of it otherwise
-			} else {
-				extra += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles );
-			}
-
-		// If we get here with a border-box (content + padding + border), we're seeking "content" or
-		// "padding" or "margin"
-		} else {
-
-			// For "content", subtract padding
-			if ( box === "content" ) {
-				delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );
-			}
-
-			// For "content" or "padding", subtract border
-			if ( box !== "margin" ) {
-				delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles );
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Account for positive content-box scroll gutter when requested by providing computedVal
-	if ( !isBorderBox && computedVal >= 0 ) {
-
-		// offsetWidth/offsetHeight is a rounded sum of content, padding, scroll gutter, and border
-		// Assuming integer scroll gutter, subtract the rest and round down
-		delta += Math.max( 0, Math.ceil(
-			elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] -
-			computedVal -
-			delta -
-			extra -
-			0.5
-
-		// If offsetWidth/offsetHeight is unknown, then we can't determine content-box scroll gutter
-		// Use an explicit zero to avoid NaN (gh-3964)
-		) ) || 0;
-	}
-
-	return delta;
-}
-
-function getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ) {
-
-	// Start with computed style
-	var styles = getStyles( elem ),
-
-		// To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-4322).
-		// Fake content-box until we know it's needed to know the true value.
-		boxSizingNeeded = !support.boxSizingReliable() || extra,
-		isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded &&
-			jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box",
-		valueIsBorderBox = isBorderBox,
-
-		val = curCSS( elem, dimension, styles ),
-		offsetProp = "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 );
-
-	// Support: Firefox <=54
-	// Return a confounding non-pixel value or feign ignorance, as appropriate.
-	if ( rnumnonpx.test( val ) ) {
-		if ( !extra ) {
-			return val;
-		}
-		val = "auto";
-	}
-
-
-	// Support: IE 9 - 11 only
-	// Use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for when box sizing is unreliable.
-	// In those cases, the computed value can be trusted to be border-box.
-	if ( ( !support.boxSizingReliable() && isBorderBox ||
-
-		// Support: IE 10 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+
-		// IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height
-		// set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values.
-		// Interestingly, in some cases IE 9 doesn't suffer from this issue.
-		!support.reliableTrDimensions() && nodeName( elem, "tr" ) ||
-
-		// Fall back to offsetWidth/offsetHeight when value is "auto"
-		// This happens for inline elements with no explicit setting (gh-3571)
-		val === "auto" ||
-
-		// Support: Android <=4.1 - 4.3 only
-		// Also use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for misreported inline dimensions (gh-3602)
-		!parseFloat( val ) && jQuery.css( elem, "display", false, styles ) === "inline" ) &&
-
-		// Make sure the element is visible & connected
-		elem.getClientRects().length ) {
-
-		isBorderBox = jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box";
-
-		// Where available, offsetWidth/offsetHeight approximate border box dimensions.
-		// Where not available (e.g., SVG), assume unreliable box-sizing and interpret the
-		// retrieved value as a content box dimension.
-		valueIsBorderBox = offsetProp in elem;
-		if ( valueIsBorderBox ) {
-			val = elem[ offsetProp ];
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Normalize "" and auto
-	val = parseFloat( val ) || 0;
-
-	// Adjust for the element's box model
-	return ( val +
-		boxModelAdjustment(
-			elem,
-			dimension,
-			extra || ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ),
-			valueIsBorderBox,
-			styles,
-
-			// Provide the current computed size to request scroll gutter calculation (gh-3589)
-			val
-		)
-	) + "px";
-}
-
-jQuery.extend( {
-
-	// Add in style property hooks for overriding the default
-	// behavior of getting and setting a style property
-	cssHooks: {
-		opacity: {
-			get: function( elem, computed ) {
-				if ( computed ) {
-
-					// We should always get a number back from opacity
-					var ret = curCSS( elem, "opacity" );
-					return ret === "" ? "1" : ret;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	},
-
-	// Don't automatically add "px" to these possibly-unitless properties
-	cssNumber: {
-		"animationIterationCount": true,
-		"columnCount": true,
-		"fillOpacity": true,
-		"flexGrow": true,
-		"flexShrink": true,
-		"fontWeight": true,
-		"gridArea": true,
-		"gridColumn": true,
-		"gridColumnEnd": true,
-		"gridColumnStart": true,
-		"gridRow": true,
-		"gridRowEnd": true,
-		"gridRowStart": true,
-		"lineHeight": true,
-		"opacity": true,
-		"order": true,
-		"orphans": true,
-		"widows": true,
-		"zIndex": true,
-		"zoom": true
-	},
-
-	// Add in properties whose names you wish to fix before
-	// setting or getting the value
-	cssProps: {},
-
-	// Get and set the style property on a DOM Node
-	style: function( elem, name, value, extra ) {
-
-		// Don't set styles on text and comment nodes
-		if ( !elem || elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 || !elem.style ) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		// Make sure that we're working with the right name
-		var ret, type, hooks,
-			origName = camelCase( name ),
-			isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ),
-			style = elem.style;
-
-		// Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't
-		// want to query the value if it is a CSS custom property
-		// since they are user-defined.
-		if ( !isCustomProp ) {
-			name = finalPropName( origName );
-		}
-
-		// Gets hook for the prefixed version, then unprefixed version
-		hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ];
-
-		// Check if we're setting a value
-		if ( value !== undefined ) {
-			type = typeof value;
-
-			// Convert "+=" or "-=" to relative numbers (#7345)
-			if ( type === "string" && ( ret = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && ret[ 1 ] ) {
-				value = adjustCSS( elem, name, ret );
-
-				// Fixes bug #9237
-				type = "number";
-			}
-
-			// Make sure that null and NaN values aren't set (#7116)
-			if ( value == null || value !== value ) {
-				return;
-			}
-
-			// If a number was passed in, add the unit (except for certain CSS properties)
-			// The isCustomProp check can be removed in jQuery 4.0 when we only auto-append
-			// "px" to a few hardcoded values.
-			if ( type === "number" && !isCustomProp ) {
-				value += ret && ret[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ origName ] ? "" : "px" );
-			}
-
-			// background-* props affect original clone's values
-			if ( !support.clearCloneStyle && value === "" && name.indexOf( "background" ) === 0 ) {
-				style[ name ] = "inherit";
-			}
-
-			// If a hook was provided, use that value, otherwise just set the specified value
-			if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) ||
-				( value = hooks.set( elem, value, extra ) ) !== undefined ) {
-
-				if ( isCustomProp ) {
-					style.setProperty( name, value );
-				} else {
-					style[ name ] = value;
-				}
-			}
-
-		} else {
-
-			// If a hook was provided get the non-computed value from there
-			if ( hooks && "get" in hooks &&
-				( ret = hooks.get( elem, false, extra ) ) !== undefined ) {
-
-				return ret;
-			}
-
-			// Otherwise just get the value from the style object
-			return style[ name ];
-		}
-	},
-
-	css: function( elem, name, extra, styles ) {
-		var val, num, hooks,
-			origName = camelCase( name ),
-			isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name );
-
-		// Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't
-		// want to modify the value if it is a CSS custom property
-		// since they are user-defined.
-		if ( !isCustomProp ) {
-			name = finalPropName( origName );
-		}
-
-		// Try prefixed name followed by the unprefixed name
-		hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ];
-
-		// If a hook was provided get the computed value from there
-		if ( hooks && "get" in hooks ) {
-			val = hooks.get( elem, true, extra );
-		}
-
-		// Otherwise, if a way to get the computed value exists, use that
-		if ( val === undefined ) {
-			val = curCSS( elem, name, styles );
-		}
-
-		// Convert "normal" to computed value
-		if ( val === "normal" && name in cssNormalTransform ) {
-			val = cssNormalTransform[ name ];
-		}
-
-		// Make numeric if forced or a qualifier was provided and val looks numeric
-		if ( extra === "" || extra ) {
-			num = parseFloat( val );
-			return extra === true || isFinite( num ) ? num || 0 : val;
-		}
-
-		return val;
-	}
-} );
-
-jQuery.each( [ "height", "width" ], function( _i, dimension ) {
-	jQuery.cssHooks[ dimension ] = {
-		get: function( elem, computed, extra ) {
-			if ( computed ) {
-
-				// Certain elements can have dimension info if we invisibly show them
-				// but it must have a current display style that would benefit
-				return rdisplayswap.test( jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) ) &&
-
-					// Support: Safari 8+
-					// Table columns in Safari have non-zero offsetWidth & zero
-					// getBoundingClientRect().width unless display is changed.
-					// Support: IE <=11 only
-					// Running getBoundingClientRect on a disconnected node
-					// in IE throws an error.
-					( !elem.getClientRects().length || !elem.getBoundingClientRect().width ) ?
-					swap( elem, cssShow, function() {
-						return getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra );
-					} ) :
-					getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra );
-			}
-		},
-
-		set: function( elem, value, extra ) {
-			var matches,
-				styles = getStyles( elem ),
-
-				// Only read styles.position if the test has a chance to fail
-				// to avoid forcing a reflow.
-				scrollboxSizeBuggy = !support.scrollboxSize() &&
-					styles.position === "absolute",
-
-				// To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-3991)
-				boxSizingNeeded = scrollboxSizeBuggy || extra,
-				isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded &&
-					jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box",
-				subtract = extra ?
-					boxModelAdjustment(
-						elem,
-						dimension,
-						extra,
-						isBorderBox,
-						styles
-					) :
-					0;
-
-			// Account for unreliable border-box dimensions by comparing offset* to computed and
-			// faking a content-box to get border and padding (gh-3699)
-			if ( isBorderBox && scrollboxSizeBuggy ) {
-				subtract -= Math.ceil(
-					elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] -
-					parseFloat( styles[ dimension ] ) -
-					boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, "border", false, styles ) -
-					0.5
-				);
-			}
-
-			// Convert to pixels if value adjustment is needed
-			if ( subtract && ( matches = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) &&
-				( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) !== "px" ) {
-
-				elem.style[ dimension ] = value;
-				value = jQuery.css( elem, dimension );
-			}
-
-			return setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract );
-		}
-	};
-} );
-
-jQuery.cssHooks.marginLeft = addGetHookIf( support.reliableMarginLeft,
-	function( elem, computed ) {
-		if ( computed ) {
-			return ( parseFloat( curCSS( elem, "marginLeft" ) ) ||
-				elem.getBoundingClientRect().left -
-					swap( elem, { marginLeft: 0 }, function() {
-						return elem.getBoundingClientRect().left;
-					} )
-			) + "px";
-		}
-	}
-);
-
-// These hooks are used by animate to expand properties
-jQuery.each( {
-	margin: "",
-	padding: "",
-	border: "Width"
-}, function( prefix, suffix ) {
-	jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ] = {
-		expand: function( value ) {
-			var i = 0,
-				expanded = {},
-
-				// Assumes a single number if not a string
-				parts = typeof value === "string" ? value.split( " " ) : [ value ];
-
-			for ( ; i < 4; i++ ) {
-				expanded[ prefix + cssExpand[ i ] + suffix ] =
-					parts[ i ] || parts[ i - 2 ] || parts[ 0 ];
-			}
-
-			return expanded;
-		}
-	};
-
-	if ( prefix !== "margin" ) {
-		jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ].set = setPositiveNumber;
-	}
-} );
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-	css: function( name, value ) {
-		return access( this, function( elem, name, value ) {
-			var styles, len,
-				map = {},
-				i = 0;
-
-			if ( Array.isArray( name ) ) {
-				styles = getStyles( elem );
-				len = name.length;
-
-				for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
-					map[ name[ i ] ] = jQuery.css( elem, name[ i ], false, styles );
-				}
-
-				return map;
-			}
-
-			return value !== undefined ?
-				jQuery.style( elem, name, value ) :
-				jQuery.css( elem, name );
-		}, name, value, arguments.length > 1 );
-	}
-} );
-
-
-function Tween( elem, options, prop, end, easing ) {
-	return new Tween.prototype.init( elem, options, prop, end, easing );
-}
-jQuery.Tween = Tween;
-
-Tween.prototype = {
-	constructor: Tween,
-	init: function( elem, options, prop, end, easing, unit ) {
-		this.elem = elem;
-		this.prop = prop;
-		this.easing = easing || jQuery.easing._default;
-		this.options = options;
-		this.start = this.now = this.cur();
-		this.end = end;
-		this.unit = unit || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" );
-	},
-	cur: function() {
-		var hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ];
-
-		return hooks && hooks.get ?
-			hooks.get( this ) :
-			Tween.propHooks._default.get( this );
-	},
-	run: function( percent ) {
-		var eased,
-			hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ];
-
-		if ( this.options.duration ) {
-			this.pos = eased = jQuery.easing[ this.easing ](
-				percent, this.options.duration * percent, 0, 1, this.options.duration
-			);
-		} else {
-			this.pos = eased = percent;
-		}
-		this.now = ( this.end - this.start ) * eased + this.start;
-
-		if ( this.options.step ) {
-			this.options.step.call( this.elem, this.now, this );
-		}
-
-		if ( hooks && hooks.set ) {
-			hooks.set( this );
-		} else {
-			Tween.propHooks._default.set( this );
-		}
-		return this;
-	}
-};
-
-Tween.prototype.init.prototype = Tween.prototype;
-
-Tween.propHooks = {
-	_default: {
-		get: function( tween ) {
-			var result;
-
-			// Use a property on the element directly when it is not a DOM element,
-			// or when there is no matching style property that exists.
-			if ( tween.elem.nodeType !== 1 ||
-				tween.elem[ tween.prop ] != null && tween.elem.style[ tween.prop ] == null ) {
-				return tween.elem[ tween.prop ];
-			}
-
-			// Passing an empty string as a 3rd parameter to .css will automatically
-			// attempt a parseFloat and fallback to a string if the parse fails.
-			// Simple values such as "10px" are parsed to Float;
-			// complex values such as "rotate(1rad)" are returned as-is.
-			result = jQuery.css( tween.elem, tween.prop, "" );
-
-			// Empty strings, null, undefined and "auto" are converted to 0.
-			return !result || result === "auto" ? 0 : result;
-		},
-		set: function( tween ) {
-
-			// Use step hook for back compat.
-			// Use cssHook if its there.
-			// Use .style if available and use plain properties where available.
-			if ( jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ] ) {
-				jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ]( tween );
-			} else if ( tween.elem.nodeType === 1 && (
-				jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] ||
-					tween.elem.style[ finalPropName( tween.prop ) ] != null ) ) {
-				jQuery.style( tween.elem, tween.prop, tween.now + tween.unit );
-			} else {
-				tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-};
-
-// Support: IE <=9 only
-// Panic based approach to setting things on disconnected nodes
-Tween.propHooks.scrollTop = Tween.propHooks.scrollLeft = {
-	set: function( tween ) {
-		if ( tween.elem.nodeType && tween.elem.parentNode ) {
-			tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now;
-		}
-	}
-};
-
-jQuery.easing = {
-	linear: function( p ) {
-		return p;
-	},
-	swing: function( p ) {
-		return 0.5 - Math.cos( p * Math.PI ) / 2;
-	},
-	_default: "swing"
-};
-
-jQuery.fx = Tween.prototype.init;
-
-// Back compat <1.8 extension point
-jQuery.fx.step = {};
-
-
-
-
-var
-	fxNow, inProgress,
-	rfxtypes = /^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/,
-	rrun = /queueHooks$/;
-
-function schedule() {
-	if ( inProgress ) {
-		if ( document.hidden === false && window.requestAnimationFrame ) {
-			window.requestAnimationFrame( schedule );
-		} else {
-			window.setTimeout( schedule, jQuery.fx.interval );
-		}
-
-		jQuery.fx.tick();
-	}
-}
-
-// Animations created synchronously will run synchronously
-function createFxNow() {
-	window.setTimeout( function() {
-		fxNow = undefined;
-	} );
-	return ( fxNow = Date.now() );
-}
-
-// Generate parameters to create a standard animation
-function genFx( type, includeWidth ) {
-	var which,
-		i = 0,
-		attrs = { height: type };
-
-	// If we include width, step value is 1 to do all cssExpand values,
-	// otherwise step value is 2 to skip over Left and Right
-	includeWidth = includeWidth ? 1 : 0;
-	for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 - includeWidth ) {
-		which = cssExpand[ i ];
-		attrs[ "margin" + which ] = attrs[ "padding" + which ] = type;
-	}
-
-	if ( includeWidth ) {
-		attrs.opacity = attrs.width = type;
-	}
-
-	return attrs;
-}
-
-function createTween( value, prop, animation ) {
-	var tween,
-		collection = ( Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || [] ).concat( Animation.tweeners[ "*" ] ),
-		index = 0,
-		length = collection.length;
-	for ( ; index < length; index++ ) {
-		if ( ( tween = collection[ index ].call( animation, prop, value ) ) ) {
-
-			// We're done with this property
-			return tween;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-function defaultPrefilter( elem, props, opts ) {
-	var prop, value, toggle, hooks, oldfire, propTween, restoreDisplay, display,
-		isBox = "width" in props || "height" in props,
-		anim = this,
-		orig = {},
-		style = elem.style,
-		hidden = elem.nodeType && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ),
-		dataShow = dataPriv.get( elem, "fxshow" );
-
-	// Queue-skipping animations hijack the fx hooks
-	if ( !opts.queue ) {
-		hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, "fx" );
-		if ( hooks.unqueued == null ) {
-			hooks.unqueued = 0;
-			oldfire = hooks.empty.fire;
-			hooks.empty.fire = function() {
-				if ( !hooks.unqueued ) {
-					oldfire();
-				}
-			};
-		}
-		hooks.unqueued++;
-
-		anim.always( function() {
-
-			// Ensure the complete handler is called before this completes
-			anim.always( function() {
-				hooks.unqueued--;
-				if ( !jQuery.queue( elem, "fx" ).length ) {
-					hooks.empty.fire();
-				}
-			} );
-		} );
-	}
-
-	// Detect show/hide animations
-	for ( prop in props ) {
-		value = props[ prop ];
-		if ( rfxtypes.test( value ) ) {
-			delete props[ prop ];
-			toggle = toggle || value === "toggle";
-			if ( value === ( hidden ? "hide" : "show" ) ) {
-
-				// Pretend to be hidden if this is a "show" and
-				// there is still data from a stopped show/hide
-				if ( value === "show" && dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] !== undefined ) {
-					hidden = true;
-
-				// Ignore all other no-op show/hide data
-				} else {
-					continue;
-				}
-			}
-			orig[ prop ] = dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] || jQuery.style( elem, prop );
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Bail out if this is a no-op like .hide().hide()
-	propTween = !jQuery.isEmptyObject( props );
-	if ( !propTween && jQuery.isEmptyObject( orig ) ) {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	// Restrict "overflow" and "display" styles during box animations
-	if ( isBox && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
-
-		// Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15
-		// Record all 3 overflow attributes because IE does not infer the shorthand
-		// from identically-valued overflowX and overflowY and Edge just mirrors
-		// the overflowX value there.
-		opts.overflow = [ style.overflow, style.overflowX, style.overflowY ];
-
-		// Identify a display type, preferring old show/hide data over the CSS cascade
-		restoreDisplay = dataShow && dataShow.display;
-		if ( restoreDisplay == null ) {
-			restoreDisplay = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" );
-		}
-		display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" );
-		if ( display === "none" ) {
-			if ( restoreDisplay ) {
-				display = restoreDisplay;
-			} else {
-
-				// Get nonempty value(s) by temporarily forcing visibility
-				showHide( [ elem ], true );
-				restoreDisplay = elem.style.display || restoreDisplay;
-				display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" );
-				showHide( [ elem ] );
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Animate inline elements as inline-block
-		if ( display === "inline" || display === "inline-block" && restoreDisplay != null ) {
-			if ( jQuery.css( elem, "float" ) === "none" ) {
-
-				// Restore the original display value at the end of pure show/hide animations
-				if ( !propTween ) {
-					anim.done( function() {
-						style.display = restoreDisplay;
-					} );
-					if ( restoreDisplay == null ) {
-						display = style.display;
-						restoreDisplay = display === "none" ? "" : display;
-					}
-				}
-				style.display = "inline-block";
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if ( opts.overflow ) {
-		style.overflow = "hidden";
-		anim.always( function() {
-			style.overflow = opts.overflow[ 0 ];
-			style.overflowX = opts.overflow[ 1 ];
-			style.overflowY = opts.overflow[ 2 ];
-		} );
-	}
-
-	// Implement show/hide animations
-	propTween = false;
-	for ( prop in orig ) {
-
-		// General show/hide setup for this element animation
-		if ( !propTween ) {
-			if ( dataShow ) {
-				if ( "hidden" in dataShow ) {
-					hidden = dataShow.hidden;
-				}
-			} else {
-				dataShow = dataPriv.access( elem, "fxshow", { display: restoreDisplay } );
-			}
-
-			// Store hidden/visible for toggle so `.stop().toggle()` "reverses"
-			if ( toggle ) {
-				dataShow.hidden = !hidden;
-			}
-
-			// Show elements before animating them
-			if ( hidden ) {
-				showHide( [ elem ], true );
-			}
-
-			/* eslint-disable no-loop-func */
-
-			anim.done( function() {
-
-				/* eslint-enable no-loop-func */
-
-				// The final step of a "hide" animation is actually hiding the element
-				if ( !hidden ) {
-					showHide( [ elem ] );
-				}
-				dataPriv.remove( elem, "fxshow" );
-				for ( prop in orig ) {
-					jQuery.style( elem, prop, orig[ prop ] );
-				}
-			} );
-		}
-
-		// Per-property setup
-		propTween = createTween( hidden ? dataShow[ prop ] : 0, prop, anim );
-		if ( !( prop in dataShow ) ) {
-			dataShow[ prop ] = propTween.start;
-			if ( hidden ) {
-				propTween.end = propTween.start;
-				propTween.start = 0;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-function propFilter( props, specialEasing ) {
-	var index, name, easing, value, hooks;
-
-	// camelCase, specialEasing and expand cssHook pass
-	for ( index in props ) {
-		name = camelCase( index );
-		easing = specialEasing[ name ];
-		value = props[ index ];
-		if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) {
-			easing = value[ 1 ];
-			value = props[ index ] = value[ 0 ];
-		}
-
-		if ( index !== name ) {
-			props[ name ] = value;
-			delete props[ index ];
-		}
-
-		hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ];
-		if ( hooks && "expand" in hooks ) {
-			value = hooks.expand( value );
-			delete props[ name ];
-
-			// Not quite $.extend, this won't overwrite existing keys.
-			// Reusing 'index' because we have the correct "name"
-			for ( index in value ) {
-				if ( !( index in props ) ) {
-					props[ index ] = value[ index ];
-					specialEasing[ index ] = easing;
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
-			specialEasing[ name ] = easing;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-function Animation( elem, properties, options ) {
-	var result,
-		stopped,
-		index = 0,
-		length = Animation.prefilters.length,
-		deferred = jQuery.Deferred().always( function() {
-
-			// Don't match elem in the :animated selector
-			delete tick.elem;
-		} ),
-		tick = function() {
-			if ( stopped ) {
-				return false;
-			}
-			var currentTime = fxNow || createFxNow(),
-				remaining = Math.max( 0, animation.startTime + animation.duration - currentTime ),
-
-				// Support: Android 2.3 only
-				// Archaic crash bug won't allow us to use `1 - ( 0.5 || 0 )` (#12497)
-				temp = remaining / animation.duration || 0,
-				percent = 1 - temp,
-				index = 0,
-				length = animation.tweens.length;
-
-			for ( ; index < length; index++ ) {
-				animation.tweens[ index ].run( percent );
-			}
-
-			deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, percent, remaining ] );
-
-			// If there's more to do, yield
-			if ( percent < 1 && length ) {
-				return remaining;
-			}
-
-			// If this was an empty animation, synthesize a final progress notification
-			if ( !length ) {
-				deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] );
-			}
-
-			// Resolve the animation and report its conclusion
-			deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation ] );
-			return false;
-		},
-		animation = deferred.promise( {
-			elem: elem,
-			props: jQuery.extend( {}, properties ),
-			opts: jQuery.extend( true, {
-				specialEasing: {},
-				easing: jQuery.easing._default
-			}, options ),
-			originalProperties: properties,
-			originalOptions: options,
-			startTime: fxNow || createFxNow(),
-			duration: options.duration,
-			tweens: [],
-			createTween: function( prop, end ) {
-				var tween = jQuery.Tween( elem, animation.opts, prop, end,
-					animation.opts.specialEasing[ prop ] || animation.opts.easing );
-				animation.tweens.push( tween );
-				return tween;
-			},
-			stop: function( gotoEnd ) {
-				var index = 0,
-
-					// If we are going to the end, we want to run all the tweens
-					// otherwise we skip this part
-					length = gotoEnd ? animation.tweens.length : 0;
-				if ( stopped ) {
-					return this;
-				}
-				stopped = true;
-				for ( ; index < length; index++ ) {
-					animation.tweens[ index ].run( 1 );
-				}
-
-				// Resolve when we played the last frame; otherwise, reject
-				if ( gotoEnd ) {
-					deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] );
-					deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] );
-				} else {
-					deferred.rejectWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] );
-				}
-				return this;
-			}
-		} ),
-		props = animation.props;
-
-	propFilter( props, animation.opts.specialEasing );
-
-	for ( ; index < length; index++ ) {
-		result = Animation.prefilters[ index ].call( animation, elem, props, animation.opts );
-		if ( result ) {
-			if ( isFunction( result.stop ) ) {
-				jQuery._queueHooks( animation.elem, animation.opts.queue ).stop =
-					result.stop.bind( result );
-			}
-			return result;
-		}
-	}
-
-	jQuery.map( props, createTween, animation );
-
-	if ( isFunction( animation.opts.start ) ) {
-		animation.opts.start.call( elem, animation );
-	}
-
-	// Attach callbacks from options
-	animation
-		.progress( animation.opts.progress )
-		.done( animation.opts.done, animation.opts.complete )
-		.fail( animation.opts.fail )
-		.always( animation.opts.always );
-
-	jQuery.fx.timer(
-		jQuery.extend( tick, {
-			elem: elem,
-			anim: animation,
-			queue: animation.opts.queue
-		} )
-	);
-
-	return animation;
-}
-
-jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend( Animation, {
-
-	tweeners: {
-		"*": [ function( prop, value ) {
-			var tween = this.createTween( prop, value );
-			adjustCSS( tween.elem, prop, rcssNum.exec( value ), tween );
-			return tween;
-		} ]
-	},
-
-	tweener: function( props, callback ) {
-		if ( isFunction( props ) ) {
-			callback = props;
-			props = [ "*" ];
-		} else {
-			props = props.match( rnothtmlwhite );
-		}
-
-		var prop,
-			index = 0,
-			length = props.length;
-
-		for ( ; index < length; index++ ) {
-			prop = props[ index ];
-			Animation.tweeners[ prop ] = Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || [];
-			Animation.tweeners[ prop ].unshift( callback );
-		}
-	},
-
-	prefilters: [ defaultPrefilter ],
-
-	prefilter: function( callback, prepend ) {
-		if ( prepend ) {
-			Animation.prefilters.unshift( callback );
-		} else {
-			Animation.prefilters.push( callback );
-		}
-	}
-} );
-
-jQuery.speed = function( speed, easing, fn ) {
-	var opt = speed && typeof speed === "object" ? jQuery.extend( {}, speed ) : {
-		complete: fn || !fn && easing ||
-			isFunction( speed ) && speed,
-		duration: speed,
-		easing: fn && easing || easing && !isFunction( easing ) && easing
-	};
-
-	// Go to the end state if fx are off
-	if ( jQuery.fx.off ) {
-		opt.duration = 0;
-
-	} else {
-		if ( typeof opt.duration !== "number" ) {
-			if ( opt.duration in jQuery.fx.speeds ) {
-				opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds[ opt.duration ];
-
-			} else {
-				opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds._default;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Normalize opt.queue - true/undefined/null -> "fx"
-	if ( opt.queue == null || opt.queue === true ) {
-		opt.queue = "fx";
-	}
-
-	// Queueing
-	opt.old = opt.complete;
-
-	opt.complete = function() {
-		if ( isFunction( opt.old ) ) {
-			opt.old.call( this );
-		}
-
-		if ( opt.queue ) {
-			jQuery.dequeue( this, opt.queue );
-		}
-	};
-
-	return opt;
-};
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-	fadeTo: function( speed, to, easing, callback ) {
-
-		// Show any hidden elements after setting opacity to 0
-		return this.filter( isHiddenWithinTree ).css( "opacity", 0 ).show()
-
-			// Animate to the value specified
-			.end().animate( { opacity: to }, speed, easing, callback );
-	},
-	animate: function( prop, speed, easing, callback ) {
-		var empty = jQuery.isEmptyObject( prop ),
-			optall = jQuery.speed( speed, easing, callback ),
-			doAnimation = function() {
-
-				// Operate on a copy of prop so per-property easing won't be lost
-				var anim = Animation( this, jQuery.extend( {}, prop ), optall );
-
-				// Empty animations, or finishing resolves immediately
-				if ( empty || dataPriv.get( this, "finish" ) ) {
-					anim.stop( true );
-				}
-			};
-
-		doAnimation.finish = doAnimation;
-
-		return empty || optall.queue === false ?
-			this.each( doAnimation ) :
-			this.queue( optall.queue, doAnimation );
-	},
-	stop: function( type, clearQueue, gotoEnd ) {
-		var stopQueue = function( hooks ) {
-			var stop = hooks.stop;
-			delete hooks.stop;
-			stop( gotoEnd );
-		};
-
-		if ( typeof type !== "string" ) {
-			gotoEnd = clearQueue;
-			clearQueue = type;
-			type = undefined;
-		}
-		if ( clearQueue ) {
-			this.queue( type || "fx", [] );
-		}
-
-		return this.each( function() {
-			var dequeue = true,
-				index = type != null && type + "queueHooks",
-				timers = jQuery.timers,
-				data = dataPriv.get( this );
-
-			if ( index ) {
-				if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop ) {
-					stopQueue( data[ index ] );
-				}
-			} else {
-				for ( index in data ) {
-					if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop && rrun.test( index ) ) {
-						stopQueue( data[ index ] );
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) {
-				if ( timers[ index ].elem === this &&
-					( type == null || timers[ index ].queue === type ) ) {
-
-					timers[ index ].anim.stop( gotoEnd );
-					dequeue = false;
-					timers.splice( index, 1 );
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Start the next in the queue if the last step wasn't forced.
-			// Timers currently will call their complete callbacks, which
-			// will dequeue but only if they were gotoEnd.
-			if ( dequeue || !gotoEnd ) {
-				jQuery.dequeue( this, type );
-			}
-		} );
-	},
-	finish: function( type ) {
-		if ( type !== false ) {
-			type = type || "fx";
-		}
-		return this.each( function() {
-			var index,
-				data = dataPriv.get( this ),
-				queue = data[ type + "queue" ],
-				hooks = data[ type + "queueHooks" ],
-				timers = jQuery.timers,
-				length = queue ? queue.length : 0;
-
-			// Enable finishing flag on private data
-			data.finish = true;
-
-			// Empty the queue first
-			jQuery.queue( this, type, [] );
-
-			if ( hooks && hooks.stop ) {
-				hooks.stop.call( this, true );
-			}
-
-			// Look for any active animations, and finish them
-			for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) {
-				if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && timers[ index ].queue === type ) {
-					timers[ index ].anim.stop( true );
-					timers.splice( index, 1 );
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Look for any animations in the old queue and finish them
-			for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) {
-				if ( queue[ index ] && queue[ index ].finish ) {
-					queue[ index ].finish.call( this );
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Turn off finishing flag
-			delete data.finish;
-		} );
-	}
-} );
-
-jQuery.each( [ "toggle", "show", "hide" ], function( _i, name ) {
-	var cssFn = jQuery.fn[ name ];
-	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) {
-		return speed == null || typeof speed === "boolean" ?
-			cssFn.apply( this, arguments ) :
-			this.animate( genFx( name, true ), speed, easing, callback );
-	};
-} );
-
-// Generate shortcuts for custom animations
-jQuery.each( {
-	slideDown: genFx( "show" ),
-	slideUp: genFx( "hide" ),
-	slideToggle: genFx( "toggle" ),
-	fadeIn: { opacity: "show" },
-	fadeOut: { opacity: "hide" },
-	fadeToggle: { opacity: "toggle" }
-}, function( name, props ) {
-	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) {
-		return this.animate( props, speed, easing, callback );
-	};
-} );
-
-jQuery.timers = [];
-jQuery.fx.tick = function() {
-	var timer,
-		i = 0,
-		timers = jQuery.timers;
-
-	fxNow = Date.now();
-
-	for ( ; i < timers.length; i++ ) {
-		timer = timers[ i ];
-
-		// Run the timer and safely remove it when done (allowing for external removal)
-		if ( !timer() && timers[ i ] === timer ) {
-			timers.splice( i--, 1 );
-		}
-	}
-
-	if ( !timers.length ) {
-		jQuery.fx.stop();
-	}
-	fxNow = undefined;
-};
-
-jQuery.fx.timer = function( timer ) {
-	jQuery.timers.push( timer );
-	jQuery.fx.start();
-};
-
-jQuery.fx.interval = 13;
-jQuery.fx.start = function() {
-	if ( inProgress ) {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	inProgress = true;
-	schedule();
-};
-
-jQuery.fx.stop = function() {
-	inProgress = null;
-};
-
-jQuery.fx.speeds = {
-	slow: 600,
-	fast: 200,
-
-	// Default speed
-	_default: 400
-};
-
-
-// Based off of the plugin by Clint Helfers, with permission.
-// https://web.archive.org/web/20100324014747/http://blindsignals.com/index.php/2009/07/jquery-delay/
-jQuery.fn.delay = function( time, type ) {
-	time = jQuery.fx ? jQuery.fx.speeds[ time ] || time : time;
-	type = type || "fx";
-
-	return this.queue( type, function( next, hooks ) {
-		var timeout = window.setTimeout( next, time );
-		hooks.stop = function() {
-			window.clearTimeout( timeout );
-		};
-	} );
-};
-
-
-( function() {
-	var input = document.createElement( "input" ),
-		select = document.createElement( "select" ),
-		opt = select.appendChild( document.createElement( "option" ) );
-
-	input.type = "checkbox";
-
-	// Support: Android <=4.3 only
-	// Default value for a checkbox should be "on"
-	support.checkOn = input.value !== "";
-
-	// Support: IE <=11 only
-	// Must access selectedIndex to make default options select
-	support.optSelected = opt.selected;
-
-	// Support: IE <=11 only
-	// An input loses its value after becoming a radio
-	input = document.createElement( "input" );
-	input.value = "t";
-	input.type = "radio";
-	support.radioValue = input.value === "t";
-} )();
-
-
-var boolHook,
-	attrHandle = jQuery.expr.attrHandle;
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-	attr: function( name, value ) {
-		return access( this, jQuery.attr, name, value, arguments.length > 1 );
-	},
-
-	removeAttr: function( name ) {
-		return this.each( function() {
-			jQuery.removeAttr( this, name );
-		} );
-	}
-} );
-
-jQuery.extend( {
-	attr: function( elem, name, value ) {
-		var ret, hooks,
-			nType = elem.nodeType;
-
-		// Don't get/set attributes on text, comment and attribute nodes
-		if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		// Fallback to prop when attributes are not supported
-		if ( typeof elem.getAttribute === "undefined" ) {
-			return jQuery.prop( elem, name, value );
-		}
-
-		// Attribute hooks are determined by the lowercase version
-		// Grab necessary hook if one is defined
-		if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) {
-			hooks = jQuery.attrHooks[ name.toLowerCase() ] ||
-				( jQuery.expr.match.bool.test( name ) ? boolHook : undefined );
-		}
-
-		if ( value !== undefined ) {
-			if ( value === null ) {
-				jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name );
-				return;
-			}
-
-			if ( hooks && "set" in hooks &&
-				( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) {
-				return ret;
-			}
-
-			elem.setAttribute( name, value + "" );
-			return value;
-		}
-
-		if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) {
-			return ret;
-		}
-
-		ret = jQuery.find.attr( elem, name );
-
-		// Non-existent attributes return null, we normalize to undefined
-		return ret == null ? undefined : ret;
-	},
-
-	attrHooks: {
-		type: {
-			set: function( elem, value ) {
-				if ( !support.radioValue && value === "radio" &&
-					nodeName( elem, "input" ) ) {
-					var val = elem.value;
-					elem.setAttribute( "type", value );
-					if ( val ) {
-						elem.value = val;
-					}
-					return value;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	},
-
-	removeAttr: function( elem, value ) {
-		var name,
-			i = 0,
-
-			// Attribute names can contain non-HTML whitespace characters
-			// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#attributes-2
-			attrNames = value && value.match( rnothtmlwhite );
-
-		if ( attrNames && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
-			while ( ( name = attrNames[ i++ ] ) ) {
-				elem.removeAttribute( name );
-			}
-		}
-	}
-} );
-
-// Hooks for boolean attributes
-boolHook = {
-	set: function( elem, value, name ) {
-		if ( value === false ) {
-
-			// Remove boolean attributes when set to false
-			jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name );
-		} else {
-			elem.setAttribute( name, name );
-		}
-		return name;
-	}
-};
-
-jQuery.each( jQuery.expr.match.bool.source.match( /\w+/g ), function( _i, name ) {
-	var getter = attrHandle[ name ] || jQuery.find.attr;
-
-	attrHandle[ name ] = function( elem, name, isXML ) {
-		var ret, handle,
-			lowercaseName = name.toLowerCase();
-
-		if ( !isXML ) {
-
-			// Avoid an infinite loop by temporarily removing this function from the getter
-			handle = attrHandle[ lowercaseName ];
-			attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = ret;
-			ret = getter( elem, name, isXML ) != null ?
-				lowercaseName :
-				null;
-			attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = handle;
-		}
-		return ret;
-	};
-} );
-
-
-
-
-var rfocusable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i,
-	rclickable = /^(?:a|area)$/i;
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-	prop: function( name, value ) {
-		return access( this, jQuery.prop, name, value, arguments.length > 1 );
-	},
-
-	removeProp: function( name ) {
-		return this.each( function() {
-			delete this[ jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name ];
-		} );
-	}
-} );
-
-jQuery.extend( {
-	prop: function( elem, name, value ) {
-		var ret, hooks,
-			nType = elem.nodeType;
-
-		// Don't get/set properties on text, comment and attribute nodes
-		if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) {
-
-			// Fix name and attach hooks
-			name = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name;
-			hooks = jQuery.propHooks[ name ];
-		}
-
-		if ( value !== undefined ) {
-			if ( hooks && "set" in hooks &&
-				( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) {
-				return ret;
-			}
-
-			return ( elem[ name ] = value );
-		}
-
-		if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) {
-			return ret;
-		}
-
-		return elem[ name ];
-	},
-
-	propHooks: {
-		tabIndex: {
-			get: function( elem ) {
-
-				// Support: IE <=9 - 11 only
-				// elem.tabIndex doesn't always return the
-				// correct value when it hasn't been explicitly set
-				// https://web.archive.org/web/20141116233347/http://fluidproject.org/blog/2008/01/09/getting-setting-and-removing-tabindex-values-with-javascript/
-				// Use proper attribute retrieval(#12072)
-				var tabindex = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "tabindex" );
-
-				if ( tabindex ) {
-					return parseInt( tabindex, 10 );
-				}
-
-				if (
-					rfocusable.test( elem.nodeName ) ||
-					rclickable.test( elem.nodeName ) &&
-					elem.href
-				) {
-					return 0;
-				}
-
-				return -1;
-			}
-		}
-	},
-
-	propFix: {
-		"for": "htmlFor",
-		"class": "className"
-	}
-} );
-
-// Support: IE <=11 only
-// Accessing the selectedIndex property
-// forces the browser to respect setting selected
-// on the option
-// The getter ensures a default option is selected
-// when in an optgroup
-// eslint rule "no-unused-expressions" is disabled for this code
-// since it considers such accessions noop
-if ( !support.optSelected ) {
-	jQuery.propHooks.selected = {
-		get: function( elem ) {
-
-			/* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */
-
-			var parent = elem.parentNode;
-			if ( parent && parent.parentNode ) {
-				parent.parentNode.selectedIndex;
-			}
-			return null;
-		},
-		set: function( elem ) {
-
-			/* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */
-
-			var parent = elem.parentNode;
-			if ( parent ) {
-				parent.selectedIndex;
-
-				if ( parent.parentNode ) {
-					parent.parentNode.selectedIndex;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	};
-}
-
-jQuery.each( [
-	"tabIndex",
-	"readOnly",
-	"maxLength",
-	"cellSpacing",
-	"cellPadding",
-	"rowSpan",
-	"colSpan",
-	"useMap",
-	"frameBorder",
-	"contentEditable"
-], function() {
-	jQuery.propFix[ this.toLowerCase() ] = this;
-} );
-
-
-
-
-	// Strip and collapse whitespace according to HTML spec
-	// https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-ascii-whitespace
-	function stripAndCollapse( value ) {
-		var tokens = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [];
-		return tokens.join( " " );
-	}
-
-
-function getClass( elem ) {
-	return elem.getAttribute && elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || "";
-}
-
-function classesToArray( value ) {
-	if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) {
-		return value;
-	}
-	if ( typeof value === "string" ) {
-		return value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [];
-	}
-	return [];
-}
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-	addClass: function( value ) {
-		var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue,
-			i = 0;
-
-		if ( isFunction( value ) ) {
-			return this.each( function( j ) {
-				jQuery( this ).addClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) );
-			} );
-		}
-
-		classes = classesToArray( value );
-
-		if ( classes.length ) {
-			while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) {
-				curValue = getClass( elem );
-				cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " );
-
-				if ( cur ) {
-					j = 0;
-					while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) {
-						if ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) < 0 ) {
-							cur += clazz + " ";
-						}
-					}
-
-					// Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering.
-					finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur );
-					if ( curValue !== finalValue ) {
-						elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue );
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		return this;
-	},
-
-	removeClass: function( value ) {
-		var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue,
-			i = 0;
-
-		if ( isFunction( value ) ) {
-			return this.each( function( j ) {
-				jQuery( this ).removeClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) );
-			} );
-		}
-
-		if ( !arguments.length ) {
-			return this.attr( "class", "" );
-		}
-
-		classes = classesToArray( value );
-
-		if ( classes.length ) {
-			while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) {
-				curValue = getClass( elem );
-
-				// This expression is here for better compressibility (see addClass)
-				cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " );
-
-				if ( cur ) {
-					j = 0;
-					while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) {
-
-						// Remove *all* instances
-						while ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) > -1 ) {
-							cur = cur.replace( " " + clazz + " ", " " );
-						}
-					}
-
-					// Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering.
-					finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur );
-					if ( curValue !== finalValue ) {
-						elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue );
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		return this;
-	},
-
-	toggleClass: function( value, stateVal ) {
-		var type = typeof value,
-			isValidValue = type === "string" || Array.isArray( value );
-
-		if ( typeof stateVal === "boolean" && isValidValue ) {
-			return stateVal ? this.addClass( value ) : this.removeClass( value );
-		}
-
-		if ( isFunction( value ) ) {
-			return this.each( function( i ) {
-				jQuery( this ).toggleClass(
-					value.call( this, i, getClass( this ), stateVal ),
-					stateVal
-				);
-			} );
-		}
-
-		return this.each( function() {
-			var className, i, self, classNames;
-
-			if ( isValidValue ) {
-
-				// Toggle individual class names
-				i = 0;
-				self = jQuery( this );
-				classNames = classesToArray( value );
-
-				while ( ( className = classNames[ i++ ] ) ) {
-
-					// Check each className given, space separated list
-					if ( self.hasClass( className ) ) {
-						self.removeClass( className );
-					} else {
-						self.addClass( className );
-					}
-				}
-
-			// Toggle whole class name
-			} else if ( value === undefined || type === "boolean" ) {
-				className = getClass( this );
-				if ( className ) {
-
-					// Store className if set
-					dataPriv.set( this, "__className__", className );
-				}
-
-				// If the element has a class name or if we're passed `false`,
-				// then remove the whole classname (if there was one, the above saved it).
-				// Otherwise bring back whatever was previously saved (if anything),
-				// falling back to the empty string if nothing was stored.
-				if ( this.setAttribute ) {
-					this.setAttribute( "class",
-						className || value === false ?
-							"" :
-							dataPriv.get( this, "__className__" ) || ""
-					);
-				}
-			}
-		} );
-	},
-
-	hasClass: function( selector ) {
-		var className, elem,
-			i = 0;
-
-		className = " " + selector + " ";
-		while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) {
-			if ( elem.nodeType === 1 &&
-				( " " + stripAndCollapse( getClass( elem ) ) + " " ).indexOf( className ) > -1 ) {
-				return true;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return false;
-	}
-} );
-
-
-
-
-var rreturn = /\r/g;
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-	val: function( value ) {
-		var hooks, ret, valueIsFunction,
-			elem = this[ 0 ];
-
-		if ( !arguments.length ) {
-			if ( elem ) {
-				hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ elem.type ] ||
-					jQuery.valHooks[ elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ];
-
-				if ( hooks &&
-					"get" in hooks &&
-					( ret = hooks.get( elem, "value" ) ) !== undefined
-				) {
-					return ret;
-				}
-
-				ret = elem.value;
-
-				// Handle most common string cases
-				if ( typeof ret === "string" ) {
-					return ret.replace( rreturn, "" );
-				}
-
-				// Handle cases where value is null/undef or number
-				return ret == null ? "" : ret;
-			}
-
-			return;
-		}
-
-		valueIsFunction = isFunction( value );
-
-		return this.each( function( i ) {
-			var val;
-
-			if ( this.nodeType !== 1 ) {
-				return;
-			}
-
-			if ( valueIsFunction ) {
-				val = value.call( this, i, jQuery( this ).val() );
-			} else {
-				val = value;
-			}
-
-			// Treat null/undefined as ""; convert numbers to string
-			if ( val == null ) {
-				val = "";
-
-			} else if ( typeof val === "number" ) {
-				val += "";
-
-			} else if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) {
-				val = jQuery.map( val, function( value ) {
-					return value == null ? "" : value + "";
-				} );
-			}
-
-			hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ this.type ] || jQuery.valHooks[ this.nodeName.toLowerCase() ];
-
-			// If set returns undefined, fall back to normal setting
-			if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || hooks.set( this, val, "value" ) === undefined ) {
-				this.value = val;
-			}
-		} );
-	}
-} );
-
-jQuery.extend( {
-	valHooks: {
-		option: {
-			get: function( elem ) {
-
-				var val = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "value" );
-				return val != null ?
-					val :
-
-					// Support: IE <=10 - 11 only
-					// option.text throws exceptions (#14686, #14858)
-					// Strip and collapse whitespace
-					// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-whitespace
-					stripAndCollapse( jQuery.text( elem ) );
-			}
-		},
-		select: {
-			get: function( elem ) {
-				var value, option, i,
-					options = elem.options,
-					index = elem.selectedIndex,
-					one = elem.type === "select-one",
-					values = one ? null : [],
-					max = one ? index + 1 : options.length;
-
-				if ( index < 0 ) {
-					i = max;
-
-				} else {
-					i = one ? index : 0;
-				}
-
-				// Loop through all the selected options
-				for ( ; i < max; i++ ) {
-					option = options[ i ];
-
-					// Support: IE <=9 only
-					// IE8-9 doesn't update selected after form reset (#2551)
-					if ( ( option.selected || i === index ) &&
-
-							// Don't return options that are disabled or in a disabled optgroup
-							!option.disabled &&
-							( !option.parentNode.disabled ||
-								!nodeName( option.parentNode, "optgroup" ) ) ) {
-
-						// Get the specific value for the option
-						value = jQuery( option ).val();
-
-						// We don't need an array for one selects
-						if ( one ) {
-							return value;
-						}
-
-						// Multi-Selects return an array
-						values.push( value );
-					}
-				}
-
-				return values;
-			},
-
-			set: function( elem, value ) {
-				var optionSet, option,
-					options = elem.options,
-					values = jQuery.makeArray( value ),
-					i = options.length;
-
-				while ( i-- ) {
-					option = options[ i ];
-
-					/* eslint-disable no-cond-assign */
-
-					if ( option.selected =
-						jQuery.inArray( jQuery.valHooks.option.get( option ), values ) > -1
-					) {
-						optionSet = true;
-					}
-
-					/* eslint-enable no-cond-assign */
-				}
-
-				// Force browsers to behave consistently when non-matching value is set
-				if ( !optionSet ) {
-					elem.selectedIndex = -1;
-				}
-				return values;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-} );
-
-// Radios and checkboxes getter/setter
-jQuery.each( [ "radio", "checkbox" ], function() {
-	jQuery.valHooks[ this ] = {
-		set: function( elem, value ) {
-			if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) {
-				return ( elem.checked = jQuery.inArray( jQuery( elem ).val(), value ) > -1 );
-			}
-		}
-	};
-	if ( !support.checkOn ) {
-		jQuery.valHooks[ this ].get = function( elem ) {
-			return elem.getAttribute( "value" ) === null ? "on" : elem.value;
-		};
-	}
-} );
-
-
-
-
-// Return jQuery for attributes-only inclusion
-
-
-support.focusin = "onfocusin" in window;
-
-
-var rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/,
-	stopPropagationCallback = function( e ) {
-		e.stopPropagation();
-	};
-
-jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, {
-
-	trigger: function( event, data, elem, onlyHandlers ) {
-
-		var i, cur, tmp, bubbleType, ontype, handle, special, lastElement,
-			eventPath = [ elem || document ],
-			type = hasOwn.call( event, "type" ) ? event.type : event,
-			namespaces = hasOwn.call( event, "namespace" ) ? event.namespace.split( "." ) : [];
-
-		cur = lastElement = tmp = elem = elem || document;
-
-		// Don't do events on text and comment nodes
-		if ( elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 ) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		// focus/blur morphs to focusin/out; ensure we're not firing them right now
-		if ( rfocusMorph.test( type + jQuery.event.triggered ) ) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		if ( type.indexOf( "." ) > -1 ) {
-
-			// Namespaced trigger; create a regexp to match event type in handle()
-			namespaces = type.split( "." );
-			type = namespaces.shift();
-			namespaces.sort();
-		}
-		ontype = type.indexOf( ":" ) < 0 && "on" + type;
-
-		// Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string
-		event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ?
-			event :
-			new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event );
-
-		// Trigger bitmask: & 1 for native handlers; & 2 for jQuery (always true)
-		event.isTrigger = onlyHandlers ? 2 : 3;
-		event.namespace = namespaces.join( "." );
-		event.rnamespace = event.namespace ?
-			new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ) :
-			null;
-
-		// Clean up the event in case it is being reused
-		event.result = undefined;
-		if ( !event.target ) {
-			event.target = elem;
-		}
-
-		// Clone any incoming data and prepend the event, creating the handler arg list
-		data = data == null ?
-			[ event ] :
-			jQuery.makeArray( data, [ event ] );
-
-		// Allow special events to draw outside the lines
-		special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};
-		if ( !onlyHandlers && special.trigger && special.trigger.apply( elem, data ) === false ) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		// Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951)
-		// Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724)
-		if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !isWindow( elem ) ) {
-
-			bubbleType = special.delegateType || type;
-			if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) {
-				cur = cur.parentNode;
-			}
-			for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) {
-				eventPath.push( cur );
-				tmp = cur;
-			}
-
-			// Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM)
-			if ( tmp === ( elem.ownerDocument || document ) ) {
-				eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window );
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Fire handlers on the event path
-		i = 0;
-		while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
-			lastElement = cur;
-			event.type = i > 1 ?
-				bubbleType :
-				special.bindType || type;
-
-			// jQuery handler
-			handle = ( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) )[ event.type ] &&
-				dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" );
-			if ( handle ) {
-				handle.apply( cur, data );
-			}
-
-			// Native handler
-			handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ];
-			if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) {
-				event.result = handle.apply( cur, data );
-				if ( event.result === false ) {
-					event.preventDefault();
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		event.type = type;
-
-		// If nobody prevented the default action, do it now
-		if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ) {
-
-			if ( ( !special._default ||
-				special._default.apply( eventPath.pop(), data ) === false ) &&
-				acceptData( elem ) ) {
-
-				// Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name as the event.
-				// Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170)
-				if ( ontype && isFunction( elem[ type ] ) && !isWindow( elem ) ) {
-
-					// Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method
-					tmp = elem[ ontype ];
-
-					if ( tmp ) {
-						elem[ ontype ] = null;
-					}
-
-					// Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above
-					jQuery.event.triggered = type;
-
-					if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
-						lastElement.addEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback );
-					}
-
-					elem[ type ]();
-
-					if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
-						lastElement.removeEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback );
-					}
-
-					jQuery.event.triggered = undefined;
-
-					if ( tmp ) {
-						elem[ ontype ] = tmp;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		return event.result;
-	},
-
-	// Piggyback on a donor event to simulate a different one
-	// Used only for `focus(in | out)` events
-	simulate: function( type, elem, event ) {
-		var e = jQuery.extend(
-			new jQuery.Event(),
-			event,
-			{
-				type: type,
-				isSimulated: true
-			}
-		);
-
-		jQuery.event.trigger( e, null, elem );
-	}
-
-} );
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-
-	trigger: function( type, data ) {
-		return this.each( function() {
-			jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, this );
-		} );
-	},
-	triggerHandler: function( type, data ) {
-		var elem = this[ 0 ];
-		if ( elem ) {
-			return jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, elem, true );
-		}
-	}
-} );
-
-
-// Support: Firefox <=44
-// Firefox doesn't have focus(in | out) events
-// Related ticket - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=687787
-//
-// Support: Chrome <=48 - 49, Safari <=9.0 - 9.1
-// focus(in | out) events fire after focus & blur events,
-// which is spec violation - http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#events-focusevent-event-order
-// Related ticket - https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=449857
-if ( !support.focusin ) {
-	jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( orig, fix ) {
-
-		// Attach a single capturing handler on the document while someone wants focusin/focusout
-		var handler = function( event ) {
-			jQuery.event.simulate( fix, event.target, jQuery.event.fix( event ) );
-		};
-
-		jQuery.event.special[ fix ] = {
-			setup: function() {
-
-				// Handle: regular nodes (via `this.ownerDocument`), window
-				// (via `this.document`) & document (via `this`).
-				var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this,
-					attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix );
-
-				if ( !attaches ) {
-					doc.addEventListener( orig, handler, true );
-				}
-				dataPriv.access( doc, fix, ( attaches || 0 ) + 1 );
-			},
-			teardown: function() {
-				var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this,
-					attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ) - 1;
-
-				if ( !attaches ) {
-					doc.removeEventListener( orig, handler, true );
-					dataPriv.remove( doc, fix );
-
-				} else {
-					dataPriv.access( doc, fix, attaches );
-				}
-			}
-		};
-	} );
-}
-var location = window.location;
-
-var nonce = { guid: Date.now() };
-
-var rquery = ( /\?/ );
-
-
-
-// Cross-browser xml parsing
-jQuery.parseXML = function( data ) {
-	var xml, parserErrorElem;
-	if ( !data || typeof data !== "string" ) {
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	// Support: IE 9 - 11 only
-	// IE throws on parseFromString with invalid input.
-	try {
-		xml = ( new window.DOMParser() ).parseFromString( data, "text/xml" );
-	} catch ( e ) {}
-
-	parserErrorElem = xml && xml.getElementsByTagName( "parsererror" )[ 0 ];
-	if ( !xml || parserErrorElem ) {
-		jQuery.error( "Invalid XML: " + (
-			parserErrorElem ?
-				jQuery.map( parserErrorElem.childNodes, function( el ) {
-					return el.textContent;
-				} ).join( "\n" ) :
-				data
-		) );
-	}
-	return xml;
-};
-
-
-var
-	rbracket = /\[\]$/,
-	rCRLF = /\r?\n/g,
-	rsubmitterTypes = /^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i,
-	rsubmittable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i;
-
-function buildParams( prefix, obj, traditional, add ) {
-	var name;
-
-	if ( Array.isArray( obj ) ) {
-
-		// Serialize array item.
-		jQuery.each( obj, function( i, v ) {
-			if ( traditional || rbracket.test( prefix ) ) {
-
-				// Treat each array item as a scalar.
-				add( prefix, v );
-
-			} else {
-
-				// Item is non-scalar (array or object), encode its numeric index.
-				buildParams(
-					prefix + "[" + ( typeof v === "object" && v != null ? i : "" ) + "]",
-					v,
-					traditional,
-					add
-				);
-			}
-		} );
-
-	} else if ( !traditional && toType( obj ) === "object" ) {
-
-		// Serialize object item.
-		for ( name in obj ) {
-			buildParams( prefix + "[" + name + "]", obj[ name ], traditional, add );
-		}
-
-	} else {
-
-		// Serialize scalar item.
-		add( prefix, obj );
-	}
-}
-
-// Serialize an array of form elements or a set of
-// key/values into a query string
-jQuery.param = function( a, traditional ) {
-	var prefix,
-		s = [],
-		add = function( key, valueOrFunction ) {
-
-			// If value is a function, invoke it and use its return value
-			var value = isFunction( valueOrFunction ) ?
-				valueOrFunction() :
-				valueOrFunction;
-
-			s[ s.length ] = encodeURIComponent( key ) + "=" +
-				encodeURIComponent( value == null ? "" : value );
-		};
-
-	if ( a == null ) {
-		return "";
-	}
-
-	// If an array was passed in, assume that it is an array of form elements.
-	if ( Array.isArray( a ) || ( a.jquery && !jQuery.isPlainObject( a ) ) ) {
-
-		// Serialize the form elements
-		jQuery.each( a, function() {
-			add( this.name, this.value );
-		} );
-
-	} else {
-
-		// If traditional, encode the "old" way (the way 1.3.2 or older
-		// did it), otherwise encode params recursively.
-		for ( prefix in a ) {
-			buildParams( prefix, a[ prefix ], traditional, add );
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Return the resulting serialization
-	return s.join( "&" );
-};
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-	serialize: function() {
-		return jQuery.param( this.serializeArray() );
-	},
-	serializeArray: function() {
-		return this.map( function() {
-
-			// Can add propHook for "elements" to filter or add form elements
-			var elements = jQuery.prop( this, "elements" );
-			return elements ? jQuery.makeArray( elements ) : this;
-		} ).filter( function() {
-			var type = this.type;
-
-			// Use .is( ":disabled" ) so that fieldset[disabled] works
-			return this.name && !jQuery( this ).is( ":disabled" ) &&
-				rsubmittable.test( this.nodeName ) && !rsubmitterTypes.test( type ) &&
-				( this.checked || !rcheckableType.test( type ) );
-		} ).map( function( _i, elem ) {
-			var val = jQuery( this ).val();
-
-			if ( val == null ) {
-				return null;
-			}
-
-			if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) {
-				return jQuery.map( val, function( val ) {
-					return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) };
-				} );
-			}
-
-			return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) };
-		} ).get();
-	}
-} );
-
-
-var
-	r20 = /%20/g,
-	rhash = /#.*$/,
-	rantiCache = /([?&])_=[^&]*/,
-	rheaders = /^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)$/mg,
-
-	// #7653, #8125, #8152: local protocol detection
-	rlocalProtocol = /^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/,
-	rnoContent = /^(?:GET|HEAD)$/,
-	rprotocol = /^\/\//,
-
-	/* Prefilters
-	 * 1) They are useful to introduce custom dataTypes (see ajax/jsonp.js for an example)
-	 * 2) These are called:
-	 *    - BEFORE asking for a transport
-	 *    - AFTER param serialization (s.data is a string if s.processData is true)
-	 * 3) key is the dataType
-	 * 4) the catchall symbol "*" can be used
-	 * 5) execution will start with transport dataType and THEN continue down to "*" if needed
-	 */
-	prefilters = {},
-
-	/* Transports bindings
-	 * 1) key is the dataType
-	 * 2) the catchall symbol "*" can be used
-	 * 3) selection will start with transport dataType and THEN go to "*" if needed
-	 */
-	transports = {},
-
-	// Avoid comment-prolog char sequence (#10098); must appease lint and evade compression
-	allTypes = "*/".concat( "*" ),
-
-	// Anchor tag for parsing the document origin
-	originAnchor = document.createElement( "a" );
-
-originAnchor.href = location.href;
-
-// Base "constructor" for jQuery.ajaxPrefilter and jQuery.ajaxTransport
-function addToPrefiltersOrTransports( structure ) {
-
-	// dataTypeExpression is optional and defaults to "*"
-	return function( dataTypeExpression, func ) {
-
-		if ( typeof dataTypeExpression !== "string" ) {
-			func = dataTypeExpression;
-			dataTypeExpression = "*";
-		}
-
-		var dataType,
-			i = 0,
-			dataTypes = dataTypeExpression.toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [];
-
-		if ( isFunction( func ) ) {
-
-			// For each dataType in the dataTypeExpression
-			while ( ( dataType = dataTypes[ i++ ] ) ) {
-
-				// Prepend if requested
-				if ( dataType[ 0 ] === "+" ) {
-					dataType = dataType.slice( 1 ) || "*";
-					( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).unshift( func );
-
-				// Otherwise append
-				} else {
-					( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).push( func );
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	};
-}
-
-// Base inspection function for prefilters and transports
-function inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( structure, options, originalOptions, jqXHR ) {
-
-	var inspected = {},
-		seekingTransport = ( structure === transports );
-
-	function inspect( dataType ) {
-		var selected;
-		inspected[ dataType ] = true;
-		jQuery.each( structure[ dataType ] || [], function( _, prefilterOrFactory ) {
-			var dataTypeOrTransport = prefilterOrFactory( options, originalOptions, jqXHR );
-			if ( typeof dataTypeOrTransport === "string" &&
-				!seekingTransport && !inspected[ dataTypeOrTransport ] ) {
-
-				options.dataTypes.unshift( dataTypeOrTransport );
-				inspect( dataTypeOrTransport );
-				return false;
-			} else if ( seekingTransport ) {
-				return !( selected = dataTypeOrTransport );
-			}
-		} );
-		return selected;
-	}
-
-	return inspect( options.dataTypes[ 0 ] ) || !inspected[ "*" ] && inspect( "*" );
-}
-
-// A special extend for ajax options
-// that takes "flat" options (not to be deep extended)
-// Fixes #9887
-function ajaxExtend( target, src ) {
-	var key, deep,
-		flatOptions = jQuery.ajaxSettings.flatOptions || {};
-
-	for ( key in src ) {
-		if ( src[ key ] !== undefined ) {
-			( flatOptions[ key ] ? target : ( deep || ( deep = {} ) ) )[ key ] = src[ key ];
-		}
-	}
-	if ( deep ) {
-		jQuery.extend( true, target, deep );
-	}
-
-	return target;
-}
-
-/* Handles responses to an ajax request:
- * - finds the right dataType (mediates between content-type and expected dataType)
- * - returns the corresponding response
- */
-function ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ) {
-
-	var ct, type, finalDataType, firstDataType,
-		contents = s.contents,
-		dataTypes = s.dataTypes;
-
-	// Remove auto dataType and get content-type in the process
-	while ( dataTypes[ 0 ] === "*" ) {
-		dataTypes.shift();
-		if ( ct === undefined ) {
-			ct = s.mimeType || jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Content-Type" );
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Check if we're dealing with a known content-type
-	if ( ct ) {
-		for ( type in contents ) {
-			if ( contents[ type ] && contents[ type ].test( ct ) ) {
-				dataTypes.unshift( type );
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Check to see if we have a response for the expected dataType
-	if ( dataTypes[ 0 ] in responses ) {
-		finalDataType = dataTypes[ 0 ];
-	} else {
-
-		// Try convertible dataTypes
-		for ( type in responses ) {
-			if ( !dataTypes[ 0 ] || s.converters[ type + " " + dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ) {
-				finalDataType = type;
-				break;
-			}
-			if ( !firstDataType ) {
-				firstDataType = type;
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Or just use first one
-		finalDataType = finalDataType || firstDataType;
-	}
-
-	// If we found a dataType
-	// We add the dataType to the list if needed
-	// and return the corresponding response
-	if ( finalDataType ) {
-		if ( finalDataType !== dataTypes[ 0 ] ) {
-			dataTypes.unshift( finalDataType );
-		}
-		return responses[ finalDataType ];
-	}
-}
-
-/* Chain conversions given the request and the original response
- * Also sets the responseXXX fields on the jqXHR instance
- */
-function ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ) {
-	var conv2, current, conv, tmp, prev,
-		converters = {},
-
-		// Work with a copy of dataTypes in case we need to modify it for conversion
-		dataTypes = s.dataTypes.slice();
-
-	// Create converters map with lowercased keys
-	if ( dataTypes[ 1 ] ) {
-		for ( conv in s.converters ) {
-			converters[ conv.toLowerCase() ] = s.converters[ conv ];
-		}
-	}
-
-	current = dataTypes.shift();
-
-	// Convert to each sequential dataType
-	while ( current ) {
-
-		if ( s.responseFields[ current ] ) {
-			jqXHR[ s.responseFields[ current ] ] = response;
-		}
-
-		// Apply the dataFilter if provided
-		if ( !prev && isSuccess && s.dataFilter ) {
-			response = s.dataFilter( response, s.dataType );
-		}
-
-		prev = current;
-		current = dataTypes.shift();
-
-		if ( current ) {
-
-			// There's only work to do if current dataType is non-auto
-			if ( current === "*" ) {
-
-				current = prev;
-
-			// Convert response if prev dataType is non-auto and differs from current
-			} else if ( prev !== "*" && prev !== current ) {
-
-				// Seek a direct converter
-				conv = converters[ prev + " " + current ] || converters[ "* " + current ];
-
-				// If none found, seek a pair
-				if ( !conv ) {
-					for ( conv2 in converters ) {
-
-						// If conv2 outputs current
-						tmp = conv2.split( " " );
-						if ( tmp[ 1 ] === current ) {
-
-							// If prev can be converted to accepted input
-							conv = converters[ prev + " " + tmp[ 0 ] ] ||
-								converters[ "* " + tmp[ 0 ] ];
-							if ( conv ) {
-
-								// Condense equivalence converters
-								if ( conv === true ) {
-									conv = converters[ conv2 ];
-
-								// Otherwise, insert the intermediate dataType
-								} else if ( converters[ conv2 ] !== true ) {
-									current = tmp[ 0 ];
-									dataTypes.unshift( tmp[ 1 ] );
-								}
-								break;
-							}
-						}
-					}
-				}
-
-				// Apply converter (if not an equivalence)
-				if ( conv !== true ) {
-
-					// Unless errors are allowed to bubble, catch and return them
-					if ( conv && s.throws ) {
-						response = conv( response );
-					} else {
-						try {
-							response = conv( response );
-						} catch ( e ) {
-							return {
-								state: "parsererror",
-								error: conv ? e : "No conversion from " + prev + " to " + current
-							};
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return { state: "success", data: response };
-}
-
-jQuery.extend( {
-
-	// Counter for holding the number of active queries
-	active: 0,
-
-	// Last-Modified header cache for next request
-	lastModified: {},
-	etag: {},
-
-	ajaxSettings: {
-		url: location.href,
-		type: "GET",
-		isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test( location.protocol ),
-		global: true,
-		processData: true,
-		async: true,
-		contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
-
-		/*
-		timeout: 0,
-		data: null,
-		dataType: null,
-		username: null,
-		password: null,
-		cache: null,
-		throws: false,
-		traditional: false,
-		headers: {},
-		*/
-
-		accepts: {
-			"*": allTypes,
-			text: "text/plain",
-			html: "text/html",
-			xml: "application/xml, text/xml",
-			json: "application/json, text/javascript"
-		},
-
-		contents: {
-			xml: /\bxml\b/,
-			html: /\bhtml/,
-			json: /\bjson\b/
-		},
-
-		responseFields: {
-			xml: "responseXML",
-			text: "responseText",
-			json: "responseJSON"
-		},
-
-		// Data converters
-		// Keys separate source (or catchall "*") and destination types with a single space
-		converters: {
-
-			// Convert anything to text
-			"* text": String,
-
-			// Text to html (true = no transformation)
-			"text html": true,
-
-			// Evaluate text as a json expression
-			"text json": JSON.parse,
-
-			// Parse text as xml
-			"text xml": jQuery.parseXML
-		},
-
-		// For options that shouldn't be deep extended:
-		// you can add your own custom options here if
-		// and when you create one that shouldn't be
-		// deep extended (see ajaxExtend)
-		flatOptions: {
-			url: true,
-			context: true
-		}
-	},
-
-	// Creates a full fledged settings object into target
-	// with both ajaxSettings and settings fields.
-	// If target is omitted, writes into ajaxSettings.
-	ajaxSetup: function( target, settings ) {
-		return settings ?
-
-			// Building a settings object
-			ajaxExtend( ajaxExtend( target, jQuery.ajaxSettings ), settings ) :
-
-			// Extending ajaxSettings
-			ajaxExtend( jQuery.ajaxSettings, target );
-	},
-
-	ajaxPrefilter: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters ),
-	ajaxTransport: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( transports ),
-
-	// Main method
-	ajax: function( url, options ) {
-
-		// If url is an object, simulate pre-1.5 signature
-		if ( typeof url === "object" ) {
-			options = url;
-			url = undefined;
-		}
-
-		// Force options to be an object
-		options = options || {};
-
-		var transport,
-
-			// URL without anti-cache param
-			cacheURL,
-
-			// Response headers
-			responseHeadersString,
-			responseHeaders,
-
-			// timeout handle
-			timeoutTimer,
-
-			// Url cleanup var
-			urlAnchor,
-
-			// Request state (becomes false upon send and true upon completion)
-			completed,
-
-			// To know if global events are to be dispatched
-			fireGlobals,
-
-			// Loop variable
-			i,
-
-			// uncached part of the url
-			uncached,
-
-			// Create the final options object
-			s = jQuery.ajaxSetup( {}, options ),
-
-			// Callbacks context
-			callbackContext = s.context || s,
-
-			// Context for global events is callbackContext if it is a DOM node or jQuery collection
-			globalEventContext = s.context &&
-				( callbackContext.nodeType || callbackContext.jquery ) ?
-				jQuery( callbackContext ) :
-				jQuery.event,
-
-			// Deferreds
-			deferred = jQuery.Deferred(),
-			completeDeferred = jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ),
-
-			// Status-dependent callbacks
-			statusCode = s.statusCode || {},
-
-			// Headers (they are sent all at once)
-			requestHeaders = {},
-			requestHeadersNames = {},
-
-			// Default abort message
-			strAbort = "canceled",
-
-			// Fake xhr
-			jqXHR = {
-				readyState: 0,
-
-				// Builds headers hashtable if needed
-				getResponseHeader: function( key ) {
-					var match;
-					if ( completed ) {
-						if ( !responseHeaders ) {
-							responseHeaders = {};
-							while ( ( match = rheaders.exec( responseHeadersString ) ) ) {
-								responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] =
-									( responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] || [] )
-										.concat( match[ 2 ] );
-							}
-						}
-						match = responseHeaders[ key.toLowerCase() + " " ];
-					}
-					return match == null ? null : match.join( ", " );
-				},
-
-				// Raw string
-				getAllResponseHeaders: function() {
-					return completed ? responseHeadersString : null;
-				},
-
-				// Caches the header
-				setRequestHeader: function( name, value ) {
-					if ( completed == null ) {
-						name = requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] =
-							requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] || name;
-						requestHeaders[ name ] = value;
-					}
-					return this;
-				},
-
-				// Overrides response content-type header
-				overrideMimeType: function( type ) {
-					if ( completed == null ) {
-						s.mimeType = type;
-					}
-					return this;
-				},
-
-				// Status-dependent callbacks
-				statusCode: function( map ) {
-					var code;
-					if ( map ) {
-						if ( completed ) {
-
-							// Execute the appropriate callbacks
-							jqXHR.always( map[ jqXHR.status ] );
-						} else {
-
-							// Lazy-add the new callbacks in a way that preserves old ones
-							for ( code in map ) {
-								statusCode[ code ] = [ statusCode[ code ], map[ code ] ];
-							}
-						}
-					}
-					return this;
-				},
-
-				// Cancel the request
-				abort: function( statusText ) {
-					var finalText = statusText || strAbort;
-					if ( transport ) {
-						transport.abort( finalText );
-					}
-					done( 0, finalText );
-					return this;
-				}
-			};
-
-		// Attach deferreds
-		deferred.promise( jqXHR );
-
-		// Add protocol if not provided (prefilters might expect it)
-		// Handle falsy url in the settings object (#10093: consistency with old signature)
-		// We also use the url parameter if available
-		s.url = ( ( url || s.url || location.href ) + "" )
-			.replace( rprotocol, location.protocol + "//" );
-
-		// Alias method option to type as per ticket #12004
-		s.type = options.method || options.type || s.method || s.type;
-
-		// Extract dataTypes list
-		s.dataTypes = ( s.dataType || "*" ).toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ];
-
-		// A cross-domain request is in order when the origin doesn't match the current origin.
-		if ( s.crossDomain == null ) {
-			urlAnchor = document.createElement( "a" );
-
-			// Support: IE <=8 - 11, Edge 12 - 15
-			// IE throws exception on accessing the href property if url is malformed,
-			// e.g. http://example.com:80x/
-			try {
-				urlAnchor.href = s.url;
-
-				// Support: IE <=8 - 11 only
-				// Anchor's host property isn't correctly set when s.url is relative
-				urlAnchor.href = urlAnchor.href;
-				s.crossDomain = originAnchor.protocol + "//" + originAnchor.host !==
-					urlAnchor.protocol + "//" + urlAnchor.host;
-			} catch ( e ) {
-
-				// If there is an error parsing the URL, assume it is crossDomain,
-				// it can be rejected by the transport if it is invalid
-				s.crossDomain = true;
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Convert data if not already a string
-		if ( s.data && s.processData && typeof s.data !== "string" ) {
-			s.data = jQuery.param( s.data, s.traditional );
-		}
-
-		// Apply prefilters
-		inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters, s, options, jqXHR );
-
-		// If request was aborted inside a prefilter, stop there
-		if ( completed ) {
-			return jqXHR;
-		}
-
-		// We can fire global events as of now if asked to
-		// Don't fire events if jQuery.event is undefined in an AMD-usage scenario (#15118)
-		fireGlobals = jQuery.event && s.global;
-
-		// Watch for a new set of requests
-		if ( fireGlobals && jQuery.active++ === 0 ) {
-			jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStart" );
-		}
-
-		// Uppercase the type
-		s.type = s.type.toUpperCase();
-
-		// Determine if request has content
-		s.hasContent = !rnoContent.test( s.type );
-
-		// Save the URL in case we're toying with the If-Modified-Since
-		// and/or If-None-Match header later on
-		// Remove hash to simplify url manipulation
-		cacheURL = s.url.replace( rhash, "" );
-
-		// More options handling for requests with no content
-		if ( !s.hasContent ) {
-
-			// Remember the hash so we can put it back
-			uncached = s.url.slice( cacheURL.length );
-
-			// If data is available and should be processed, append data to url
-			if ( s.data && ( s.processData || typeof s.data === "string" ) ) {
-				cacheURL += ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.data;
-
-				// #9682: remove data so that it's not used in an eventual retry
-				delete s.data;
-			}
-
-			// Add or update anti-cache param if needed
-			if ( s.cache === false ) {
-				cacheURL = cacheURL.replace( rantiCache, "$1" );
-				uncached = ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + "_=" + ( nonce.guid++ ) +
-					uncached;
-			}
-
-			// Put hash and anti-cache on the URL that will be requested (gh-1732)
-			s.url = cacheURL + uncached;
-
-		// Change '%20' to '+' if this is encoded form body content (gh-2658)
-		} else if ( s.data && s.processData &&
-			( s.contentType || "" ).indexOf( "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ) === 0 ) {
-			s.data = s.data.replace( r20, "+" );
-		}
-
-		// Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode.
-		if ( s.ifModified ) {
-			if ( jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ) {
-				jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-Modified-Since", jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] );
-			}
-			if ( jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ) {
-				jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-None-Match", jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] );
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Set the correct header, if data is being sent
-		if ( s.data && s.hasContent && s.contentType !== false || options.contentType ) {
-			jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "Content-Type", s.contentType );
-		}
-
-		// Set the Accepts header for the server, depending on the dataType
-		jqXHR.setRequestHeader(
-			"Accept",
-			s.dataTypes[ 0 ] && s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ?
-				s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] +
-					( s.dataTypes[ 0 ] !== "*" ? ", " + allTypes + "; q=0.01" : "" ) :
-				s.accepts[ "*" ]
-		);
-
-		// Check for headers option
-		for ( i in s.headers ) {
-			jqXHR.setRequestHeader( i, s.headers[ i ] );
-		}
-
-		// Allow custom headers/mimetypes and early abort
-		if ( s.beforeSend &&
-			( s.beforeSend.call( callbackContext, jqXHR, s ) === false || completed ) ) {
-
-			// Abort if not done already and return
-			return jqXHR.abort();
-		}
-
-		// Aborting is no longer a cancellation
-		strAbort = "abort";
-
-		// Install callbacks on deferreds
-		completeDeferred.add( s.complete );
-		jqXHR.done( s.success );
-		jqXHR.fail( s.error );
-
-		// Get transport
-		transport = inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( transports, s, options, jqXHR );
-
-		// If no transport, we auto-abort
-		if ( !transport ) {
-			done( -1, "No Transport" );
-		} else {
-			jqXHR.readyState = 1;
-
-			// Send global event
-			if ( fireGlobals ) {
-				globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxSend", [ jqXHR, s ] );
-			}
-
-			// If request was aborted inside ajaxSend, stop there
-			if ( completed ) {
-				return jqXHR;
-			}
-
-			// Timeout
-			if ( s.async && s.timeout > 0 ) {
-				timeoutTimer = window.setTimeout( function() {
-					jqXHR.abort( "timeout" );
-				}, s.timeout );
-			}
-
-			try {
-				completed = false;
-				transport.send( requestHeaders, done );
-			} catch ( e ) {
-
-				// Rethrow post-completion exceptions
-				if ( completed ) {
-					throw e;
-				}
-
-				// Propagate others as results
-				done( -1, e );
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Callback for when everything is done
-		function done( status, nativeStatusText, responses, headers ) {
-			var isSuccess, success, error, response, modified,
-				statusText = nativeStatusText;
-
-			// Ignore repeat invocations
-			if ( completed ) {
-				return;
-			}
-
-			completed = true;
-
-			// Clear timeout if it exists
-			if ( timeoutTimer ) {
-				window.clearTimeout( timeoutTimer );
-			}
-
-			// Dereference transport for early garbage collection
-			// (no matter how long the jqXHR object will be used)
-			transport = undefined;
-
-			// Cache response headers
-			responseHeadersString = headers || "";
-
-			// Set readyState
-			jqXHR.readyState = status > 0 ? 4 : 0;
-
-			// Determine if successful
-			isSuccess = status >= 200 && status < 300 || status === 304;
-
-			// Get response data
-			if ( responses ) {
-				response = ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses );
-			}
-
-			// Use a noop converter for missing script but not if jsonp
-			if ( !isSuccess &&
-				jQuery.inArray( "script", s.dataTypes ) > -1 &&
-				jQuery.inArray( "json", s.dataTypes ) < 0 ) {
-				s.converters[ "text script" ] = function() {};
-			}
-
-			// Convert no matter what (that way responseXXX fields are always set)
-			response = ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess );
-
-			// If successful, handle type chaining
-			if ( isSuccess ) {
-
-				// Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode.
-				if ( s.ifModified ) {
-					modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Last-Modified" );
-					if ( modified ) {
-						jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] = modified;
-					}
-					modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "etag" );
-					if ( modified ) {
-						jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] = modified;
-					}
-				}
-
-				// if no content
-				if ( status === 204 || s.type === "HEAD" ) {
-					statusText = "nocontent";
-
-				// if not modified
-				} else if ( status === 304 ) {
-					statusText = "notmodified";
-
-				// If we have data, let's convert it
-				} else {
-					statusText = response.state;
-					success = response.data;
-					error = response.error;
-					isSuccess = !error;
-				}
-			} else {
-
-				// Extract error from statusText and normalize for non-aborts
-				error = statusText;
-				if ( status || !statusText ) {
-					statusText = "error";
-					if ( status < 0 ) {
-						status = 0;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Set data for the fake xhr object
-			jqXHR.status = status;
-			jqXHR.statusText = ( nativeStatusText || statusText ) + "";
-
-			// Success/Error
-			if ( isSuccess ) {
-				deferred.resolveWith( callbackContext, [ success, statusText, jqXHR ] );
-			} else {
-				deferred.rejectWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText, error ] );
-			}
-
-			// Status-dependent callbacks
-			jqXHR.statusCode( statusCode );
-			statusCode = undefined;
-
-			if ( fireGlobals ) {
-				globalEventContext.trigger( isSuccess ? "ajaxSuccess" : "ajaxError",
-					[ jqXHR, s, isSuccess ? success : error ] );
-			}
-
-			// Complete
-			completeDeferred.fireWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText ] );
-
-			if ( fireGlobals ) {
-				globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxComplete", [ jqXHR, s ] );
-
-				// Handle the global AJAX counter
-				if ( !( --jQuery.active ) ) {
-					jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStop" );
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		return jqXHR;
-	},
-
-	getJSON: function( url, data, callback ) {
-		return jQuery.get( url, data, callback, "json" );
-	},
-
-	getScript: function( url, callback ) {
-		return jQuery.get( url, undefined, callback, "script" );
-	}
-} );
-
-jQuery.each( [ "get", "post" ], function( _i, method ) {
-	jQuery[ method ] = function( url, data, callback, type ) {
-
-		// Shift arguments if data argument was omitted
-		if ( isFunction( data ) ) {
-			type = type || callback;
-			callback = data;
-			data = undefined;
-		}
-
-		// The url can be an options object (which then must have .url)
-		return jQuery.ajax( jQuery.extend( {
-			url: url,
-			type: method,
-			dataType: type,
-			data: data,
-			success: callback
-		}, jQuery.isPlainObject( url ) && url ) );
-	};
-} );
-
-jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) {
-	var i;
-	for ( i in s.headers ) {
-		if ( i.toLowerCase() === "content-type" ) {
-			s.contentType = s.headers[ i ] || "";
-		}
-	}
-} );
-
-
-jQuery._evalUrl = function( url, options, doc ) {
-	return jQuery.ajax( {
-		url: url,
-
-		// Make this explicit, since user can override this through ajaxSetup (#11264)
-		type: "GET",
-		dataType: "script",
-		cache: true,
-		async: false,
-		global: false,
-
-		// Only evaluate the response if it is successful (gh-4126)
-		// dataFilter is not invoked for failure responses, so using it instead
-		// of the default converter is kludgy but it works.
-		converters: {
-			"text script": function() {}
-		},
-		dataFilter: function( response ) {
-			jQuery.globalEval( response, options, doc );
-		}
-	} );
-};
-
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-	wrapAll: function( html ) {
-		var wrap;
-
-		if ( this[ 0 ] ) {
-			if ( isFunction( html ) ) {
-				html = html.call( this[ 0 ] );
-			}
-
-			// The elements to wrap the target around
-			wrap = jQuery( html, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument ).eq( 0 ).clone( true );
-
-			if ( this[ 0 ].parentNode ) {
-				wrap.insertBefore( this[ 0 ] );
-			}
-
-			wrap.map( function() {
-				var elem = this;
-
-				while ( elem.firstElementChild ) {
-					elem = elem.firstElementChild;
-				}
-
-				return elem;
-			} ).append( this );
-		}
-
-		return this;
-	},
-
-	wrapInner: function( html ) {
-		if ( isFunction( html ) ) {
-			return this.each( function( i ) {
-				jQuery( this ).wrapInner( html.call( this, i ) );
-			} );
-		}
-
-		return this.each( function() {
-			var self = jQuery( this ),
-				contents = self.contents();
-
-			if ( contents.length ) {
-				contents.wrapAll( html );
-
-			} else {
-				self.append( html );
-			}
-		} );
-	},
-
-	wrap: function( html ) {
-		var htmlIsFunction = isFunction( html );
-
-		return this.each( function( i ) {
-			jQuery( this ).wrapAll( htmlIsFunction ? html.call( this, i ) : html );
-		} );
-	},
-
-	unwrap: function( selector ) {
-		this.parent( selector ).not( "body" ).each( function() {
-			jQuery( this ).replaceWith( this.childNodes );
-		} );
-		return this;
-	}
-} );
-
-
-jQuery.expr.pseudos.hidden = function( elem ) {
-	return !jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible( elem );
-};
-jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible = function( elem ) {
-	return !!( elem.offsetWidth || elem.offsetHeight || elem.getClientRects().length );
-};
-
-
-
-
-jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr = function() {
-	try {
-		return new window.XMLHttpRequest();
-	} catch ( e ) {}
-};
-
-var xhrSuccessStatus = {
-
-		// File protocol always yields status code 0, assume 200
-		0: 200,
-
-		// Support: IE <=9 only
-		// #1450: sometimes IE returns 1223 when it should be 204
-		1223: 204
-	},
-	xhrSupported = jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr();
-
-support.cors = !!xhrSupported && ( "withCredentials" in xhrSupported );
-support.ajax = xhrSupported = !!xhrSupported;
-
-jQuery.ajaxTransport( function( options ) {
-	var callback, errorCallback;
-
-	// Cross domain only allowed if supported through XMLHttpRequest
-	if ( support.cors || xhrSupported && !options.crossDomain ) {
-		return {
-			send: function( headers, complete ) {
-				var i,
-					xhr = options.xhr();
-
-				xhr.open(
-					options.type,
-					options.url,
-					options.async,
-					options.username,
-					options.password
-				);
-
-				// Apply custom fields if provided
-				if ( options.xhrFields ) {
-					for ( i in options.xhrFields ) {
-						xhr[ i ] = options.xhrFields[ i ];
-					}
-				}
-
-				// Override mime type if needed
-				if ( options.mimeType && xhr.overrideMimeType ) {
-					xhr.overrideMimeType( options.mimeType );
-				}
-
-				// X-Requested-With header
-				// For cross-domain requests, seeing as conditions for a preflight are
-				// akin to a jigsaw puzzle, we simply never set it to be sure.
-				// (it can always be set on a per-request basis or even using ajaxSetup)
-				// For same-domain requests, won't change header if already provided.
-				if ( !options.crossDomain && !headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] ) {
-					headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] = "XMLHttpRequest";
-				}
-
-				// Set headers
-				for ( i in headers ) {
-					xhr.setRequestHeader( i, headers[ i ] );
-				}
-
-				// Callback
-				callback = function( type ) {
-					return function() {
-						if ( callback ) {
-							callback = errorCallback = xhr.onload =
-								xhr.onerror = xhr.onabort = xhr.ontimeout =
-									xhr.onreadystatechange = null;
-
-							if ( type === "abort" ) {
-								xhr.abort();
-							} else if ( type === "error" ) {
-
-								// Support: IE <=9 only
-								// On a manual native abort, IE9 throws
-								// errors on any property access that is not readyState
-								if ( typeof xhr.status !== "number" ) {
-									complete( 0, "error" );
-								} else {
-									complete(
-
-										// File: protocol always yields status 0; see #8605, #14207
-										xhr.status,
-										xhr.statusText
-									);
-								}
-							} else {
-								complete(
-									xhrSuccessStatus[ xhr.status ] || xhr.status,
-									xhr.statusText,
-
-									// Support: IE <=9 only
-									// IE9 has no XHR2 but throws on binary (trac-11426)
-									// For XHR2 non-text, let the caller handle it (gh-2498)
-									( xhr.responseType || "text" ) !== "text"  ||
-									typeof xhr.responseText !== "string" ?
-										{ binary: xhr.response } :
-										{ text: xhr.responseText },
-									xhr.getAllResponseHeaders()
-								);
-							}
-						}
-					};
-				};
-
-				// Listen to events
-				xhr.onload = callback();
-				errorCallback = xhr.onerror = xhr.ontimeout = callback( "error" );
-
-				// Support: IE 9 only
-				// Use onreadystatechange to replace onabort
-				// to handle uncaught aborts
-				if ( xhr.onabort !== undefined ) {
-					xhr.onabort = errorCallback;
-				} else {
-					xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
-
-						// Check readyState before timeout as it changes
-						if ( xhr.readyState === 4 ) {
-
-							// Allow onerror to be called first,
-							// but that will not handle a native abort
-							// Also, save errorCallback to a variable
-							// as xhr.onerror cannot be accessed
-							window.setTimeout( function() {
-								if ( callback ) {
-									errorCallback();
-								}
-							} );
-						}
-					};
-				}
-
-				// Create the abort callback
-				callback = callback( "abort" );
-
-				try {
-
-					// Do send the request (this may raise an exception)
-					xhr.send( options.hasContent && options.data || null );
-				} catch ( e ) {
-
-					// #14683: Only rethrow if this hasn't been notified as an error yet
-					if ( callback ) {
-						throw e;
-					}
-				}
-			},
-
-			abort: function() {
-				if ( callback ) {
-					callback();
-				}
-			}
-		};
-	}
-} );
-
-
-
-
-// Prevent auto-execution of scripts when no explicit dataType was provided (See gh-2432)
-jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) {
-	if ( s.crossDomain ) {
-		s.contents.script = false;
-	}
-} );
-
-// Install script dataType
-jQuery.ajaxSetup( {
-	accepts: {
-		script: "text/javascript, application/javascript, " +
-			"application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript"
-	},
-	contents: {
-		script: /\b(?:java|ecma)script\b/
-	},
-	converters: {
-		"text script": function( text ) {
-			jQuery.globalEval( text );
-			return text;
-		}
-	}
-} );
-
-// Handle cache's special case and crossDomain
-jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "script", function( s ) {
-	if ( s.cache === undefined ) {
-		s.cache = false;
-	}
-	if ( s.crossDomain ) {
-		s.type = "GET";
-	}
-} );
-
-// Bind script tag hack transport
-jQuery.ajaxTransport( "script", function( s ) {
-
-	// This transport only deals with cross domain or forced-by-attrs requests
-	if ( s.crossDomain || s.scriptAttrs ) {
-		var script, callback;
-		return {
-			send: function( _, complete ) {
-				script = jQuery( "<script>" )
-					.attr( s.scriptAttrs || {} )
-					.prop( { charset: s.scriptCharset, src: s.url } )
-					.on( "load error", callback = function( evt ) {
-						script.remove();
-						callback = null;
-						if ( evt ) {
-							complete( evt.type === "error" ? 404 : 200, evt.type );
-						}
-					} );
-
-				// Use native DOM manipulation to avoid our domManip AJAX trickery
-				document.head.appendChild( script[ 0 ] );
-			},
-			abort: function() {
-				if ( callback ) {
-					callback();
-				}
-			}
-		};
-	}
-} );
-
-
-
-
-var oldCallbacks = [],
-	rjsonp = /(=)\?(?=&|$)|\?\?/;
-
-// Default jsonp settings
-jQuery.ajaxSetup( {
-	jsonp: "callback",
-	jsonpCallback: function() {
-		var callback = oldCallbacks.pop() || ( jQuery.expando + "_" + ( nonce.guid++ ) );
-		this[ callback ] = true;
-		return callback;
-	}
-} );
-
-// Detect, normalize options and install callbacks for jsonp requests
-jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "json jsonp", function( s, originalSettings, jqXHR ) {
-
-	var callbackName, overwritten, responseContainer,
-		jsonProp = s.jsonp !== false && ( rjsonp.test( s.url ) ?
-			"url" :
-			typeof s.data === "string" &&
-				( s.contentType || "" )
-					.indexOf( "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ) === 0 &&
-				rjsonp.test( s.data ) && "data"
-		);
-
-	// Handle iff the expected data type is "jsonp" or we have a parameter to set
-	if ( jsonProp || s.dataTypes[ 0 ] === "jsonp" ) {
-
-		// Get callback name, remembering preexisting value associated with it
-		callbackName = s.jsonpCallback = isFunction( s.jsonpCallback ) ?
-			s.jsonpCallback() :
-			s.jsonpCallback;
-
-		// Insert callback into url or form data
-		if ( jsonProp ) {
-			s[ jsonProp ] = s[ jsonProp ].replace( rjsonp, "$1" + callbackName );
-		} else if ( s.jsonp !== false ) {
-			s.url += ( rquery.test( s.url ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.jsonp + "=" + callbackName;
-		}
-
-		// Use data converter to retrieve json after script execution
-		s.converters[ "script json" ] = function() {
-			if ( !responseContainer ) {
-				jQuery.error( callbackName + " was not called" );
-			}
-			return responseContainer[ 0 ];
-		};
-
-		// Force json dataType
-		s.dataTypes[ 0 ] = "json";
-
-		// Install callback
-		overwritten = window[ callbackName ];
-		window[ callbackName ] = function() {
-			responseContainer = arguments;
-		};
-
-		// Clean-up function (fires after converters)
-		jqXHR.always( function() {
-
-			// If previous value didn't exist - remove it
-			if ( overwritten === undefined ) {
-				jQuery( window ).removeProp( callbackName );
-
-			// Otherwise restore preexisting value
-			} else {
-				window[ callbackName ] = overwritten;
-			}
-
-			// Save back as free
-			if ( s[ callbackName ] ) {
-
-				// Make sure that re-using the options doesn't screw things around
-				s.jsonpCallback = originalSettings.jsonpCallback;
-
-				// Save the callback name for future use
-				oldCallbacks.push( callbackName );
-			}
-
-			// Call if it was a function and we have a response
-			if ( responseContainer && isFunction( overwritten ) ) {
-				overwritten( responseContainer[ 0 ] );
-			}
-
-			responseContainer = overwritten = undefined;
-		} );
-
-		// Delegate to script
-		return "script";
-	}
-} );
-
-
-
-
-// Support: Safari 8 only
-// In Safari 8 documents created via document.implementation.createHTMLDocument
-// collapse sibling forms: the second one becomes a child of the first one.
-// Because of that, this security measure has to be disabled in Safari 8.
-// https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=137337
-support.createHTMLDocument = ( function() {
-	var body = document.implementation.createHTMLDocument( "" ).body;
-	body.innerHTML = "<form></form><form></form>";
-	return body.childNodes.length === 2;
-} )();
-
-
-// Argument "data" should be string of html
-// context (optional): If specified, the fragment will be created in this context,
-// defaults to document
-// keepScripts (optional): If true, will include scripts passed in the html string
-jQuery.parseHTML = function( data, context, keepScripts ) {
-	if ( typeof data !== "string" ) {
-		return [];
-	}
-	if ( typeof context === "boolean" ) {
-		keepScripts = context;
-		context = false;
-	}
-
-	var base, parsed, scripts;
-
-	if ( !context ) {
-
-		// Stop scripts or inline event handlers from being executed immediately
-		// by using document.implementation
-		if ( support.createHTMLDocument ) {
-			context = document.implementation.createHTMLDocument( "" );
-
-			// Set the base href for the created document
-			// so any parsed elements with URLs
-			// are based on the document's URL (gh-2965)
-			base = context.createElement( "base" );
-			base.href = document.location.href;
-			context.head.appendChild( base );
-		} else {
-			context = document;
-		}
-	}
-
-	parsed = rsingleTag.exec( data );
-	scripts = !keepScripts && [];
-
-	// Single tag
-	if ( parsed ) {
-		return [ context.createElement( parsed[ 1 ] ) ];
-	}
-
-	parsed = buildFragment( [ data ], context, scripts );
-
-	if ( scripts && scripts.length ) {
-		jQuery( scripts ).remove();
-	}
-
-	return jQuery.merge( [], parsed.childNodes );
-};
-
-
-/**
- * Load a url into a page
- */
-jQuery.fn.load = function( url, params, callback ) {
-	var selector, type, response,
-		self = this,
-		off = url.indexOf( " " );
-
-	if ( off > -1 ) {
-		selector = stripAndCollapse( url.slice( off ) );
-		url = url.slice( 0, off );
-	}
-
-	// If it's a function
-	if ( isFunction( params ) ) {
-
-		// We assume that it's the callback
-		callback = params;
-		params = undefined;
-
-	// Otherwise, build a param string
-	} else if ( params && typeof params === "object" ) {
-		type = "POST";
-	}
-
-	// If we have elements to modify, make the request
-	if ( self.length > 0 ) {
-		jQuery.ajax( {
-			url: url,
-
-			// If "type" variable is undefined, then "GET" method will be used.
-			// Make value of this field explicit since
-			// user can override it through ajaxSetup method
-			type: type || "GET",
-			dataType: "html",
-			data: params
-		} ).done( function( responseText ) {
-
-			// Save response for use in complete callback
-			response = arguments;
-
-			self.html( selector ?
-
-				// If a selector was specified, locate the right elements in a dummy div
-				// Exclude scripts to avoid IE 'Permission Denied' errors
-				jQuery( "<div>" ).append( jQuery.parseHTML( responseText ) ).find( selector ) :
-
-				// Otherwise use the full result
-				responseText );
-
-		// If the request succeeds, this function gets "data", "status", "jqXHR"
-		// but they are ignored because response was set above.
-		// If it fails, this function gets "jqXHR", "status", "error"
-		} ).always( callback && function( jqXHR, status ) {
-			self.each( function() {
-				callback.apply( this, response || [ jqXHR.responseText, status, jqXHR ] );
-			} );
-		} );
-	}
-
-	return this;
-};
-
-
-
-
-jQuery.expr.pseudos.animated = function( elem ) {
-	return jQuery.grep( jQuery.timers, function( fn ) {
-		return elem === fn.elem;
-	} ).length;
-};
-
-
-
-
-jQuery.offset = {
-	setOffset: function( elem, options, i ) {
-		var curPosition, curLeft, curCSSTop, curTop, curOffset, curCSSLeft, calculatePosition,
-			position = jQuery.css( elem, "position" ),
-			curElem = jQuery( elem ),
-			props = {};
-
-		// Set position first, in-case top/left are set even on static elem
-		if ( position === "static" ) {
-			elem.style.position = "relative";
-		}
-
-		curOffset = curElem.offset();
-		curCSSTop = jQuery.css( elem, "top" );
-		curCSSLeft = jQuery.css( elem, "left" );
-		calculatePosition = ( position === "absolute" || position === "fixed" ) &&
-			( curCSSTop + curCSSLeft ).indexOf( "auto" ) > -1;
-
-		// Need to be able to calculate position if either
-		// top or left is auto and position is either absolute or fixed
-		if ( calculatePosition ) {
-			curPosition = curElem.position();
-			curTop = curPosition.top;
-			curLeft = curPosition.left;
-
-		} else {
-			curTop = parseFloat( curCSSTop ) || 0;
-			curLeft = parseFloat( curCSSLeft ) || 0;
-		}
-
-		if ( isFunction( options ) ) {
-
-			// Use jQuery.extend here to allow modification of coordinates argument (gh-1848)
-			options = options.call( elem, i, jQuery.extend( {}, curOffset ) );
-		}
-
-		if ( options.top != null ) {
-			props.top = ( options.top - curOffset.top ) + curTop;
-		}
-		if ( options.left != null ) {
-			props.left = ( options.left - curOffset.left ) + curLeft;
-		}
-
-		if ( "using" in options ) {
-			options.using.call( elem, props );
-
-		} else {
-			curElem.css( props );
-		}
-	}
-};
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-
-	// offset() relates an element's border box to the document origin
-	offset: function( options ) {
-
-		// Preserve chaining for setter
-		if ( arguments.length ) {
-			return options === undefined ?
-				this :
-				this.each( function( i ) {
-					jQuery.offset.setOffset( this, options, i );
-				} );
-		}
-
-		var rect, win,
-			elem = this[ 0 ];
-
-		if ( !elem ) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		// Return zeros for disconnected and hidden (display: none) elements (gh-2310)
-		// Support: IE <=11 only
-		// Running getBoundingClientRect on a
-		// disconnected node in IE throws an error
-		if ( !elem.getClientRects().length ) {
-			return { top: 0, left: 0 };
-		}
-
-		// Get document-relative position by adding viewport scroll to viewport-relative gBCR
-		rect = elem.getBoundingClientRect();
-		win = elem.ownerDocument.defaultView;
-		return {
-			top: rect.top + win.pageYOffset,
-			left: rect.left + win.pageXOffset
-		};
-	},
-
-	// position() relates an element's margin box to its offset parent's padding box
-	// This corresponds to the behavior of CSS absolute positioning
-	position: function() {
-		if ( !this[ 0 ] ) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		var offsetParent, offset, doc,
-			elem = this[ 0 ],
-			parentOffset = { top: 0, left: 0 };
-
-		// position:fixed elements are offset from the viewport, which itself always has zero offset
-		if ( jQuery.css( elem, "position" ) === "fixed" ) {
-
-			// Assume position:fixed implies availability of getBoundingClientRect
-			offset = elem.getBoundingClientRect();
-
-		} else {
-			offset = this.offset();
-
-			// Account for the *real* offset parent, which can be the document or its root element
-			// when a statically positioned element is identified
-			doc = elem.ownerDocument;
-			offsetParent = elem.offsetParent || doc.documentElement;
-			while ( offsetParent &&
-				( offsetParent === doc.body || offsetParent === doc.documentElement ) &&
-				jQuery.css( offsetParent, "position" ) === "static" ) {
-
-				offsetParent = offsetParent.parentNode;
-			}
-			if ( offsetParent && offsetParent !== elem && offsetParent.nodeType === 1 ) {
-
-				// Incorporate borders into its offset, since they are outside its content origin
-				parentOffset = jQuery( offsetParent ).offset();
-				parentOffset.top += jQuery.css( offsetParent, "borderTopWidth", true );
-				parentOffset.left += jQuery.css( offsetParent, "borderLeftWidth", true );
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Subtract parent offsets and element margins
-		return {
-			top: offset.top - parentOffset.top - jQuery.css( elem, "marginTop", true ),
-			left: offset.left - parentOffset.left - jQuery.css( elem, "marginLeft", true )
-		};
-	},
-
-	// This method will return documentElement in the following cases:
-	// 1) For the element inside the iframe without offsetParent, this method will return
-	//    documentElement of the parent window
-	// 2) For the hidden or detached element
-	// 3) For body or html element, i.e. in case of the html node - it will return itself
-	//
-	// but those exceptions were never presented as a real life use-cases
-	// and might be considered as more preferable results.
-	//
-	// This logic, however, is not guaranteed and can change at any point in the future
-	offsetParent: function() {
-		return this.map( function() {
-			var offsetParent = this.offsetParent;
-
-			while ( offsetParent && jQuery.css( offsetParent, "position" ) === "static" ) {
-				offsetParent = offsetParent.offsetParent;
-			}
-
-			return offsetParent || documentElement;
-		} );
-	}
-} );
-
-// Create scrollLeft and scrollTop methods
-jQuery.each( { scrollLeft: "pageXOffset", scrollTop: "pageYOffset" }, function( method, prop ) {
-	var top = "pageYOffset" === prop;
-
-	jQuery.fn[ method ] = function( val ) {
-		return access( this, function( elem, method, val ) {
-
-			// Coalesce documents and windows
-			var win;
-			if ( isWindow( elem ) ) {
-				win = elem;
-			} else if ( elem.nodeType === 9 ) {
-				win = elem.defaultView;
-			}
-
-			if ( val === undefined ) {
-				return win ? win[ prop ] : elem[ method ];
-			}
-
-			if ( win ) {
-				win.scrollTo(
-					!top ? val : win.pageXOffset,
-					top ? val : win.pageYOffset
-				);
-
-			} else {
-				elem[ method ] = val;
-			}
-		}, method, val, arguments.length );
-	};
-} );
-
-// Support: Safari <=7 - 9.1, Chrome <=37 - 49
-// Add the top/left cssHooks using jQuery.fn.position
-// Webkit bug: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=29084
-// Blink bug: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=589347
-// getComputedStyle returns percent when specified for top/left/bottom/right;
-// rather than make the css module depend on the offset module, just check for it here
-jQuery.each( [ "top", "left" ], function( _i, prop ) {
-	jQuery.cssHooks[ prop ] = addGetHookIf( support.pixelPosition,
-		function( elem, computed ) {
-			if ( computed ) {
-				computed = curCSS( elem, prop );
-
-				// If curCSS returns percentage, fallback to offset
-				return rnumnonpx.test( computed ) ?
-					jQuery( elem ).position()[ prop ] + "px" :
-					computed;
-			}
-		}
-	);
-} );
-
-
-// Create innerHeight, innerWidth, height, width, outerHeight and outerWidth methods
-jQuery.each( { Height: "height", Width: "width" }, function( name, type ) {
-	jQuery.each( {
-		padding: "inner" + name,
-		content: type,
-		"": "outer" + name
-	}, function( defaultExtra, funcName ) {
-
-		// Margin is only for outerHeight, outerWidth
-		jQuery.fn[ funcName ] = function( margin, value ) {
-			var chainable = arguments.length && ( defaultExtra || typeof margin !== "boolean" ),
-				extra = defaultExtra || ( margin === true || value === true ? "margin" : "border" );
-
-			return access( this, function( elem, type, value ) {
-				var doc;
-
-				if ( isWindow( elem ) ) {
-
-					// $( window ).outerWidth/Height return w/h including scrollbars (gh-1729)
-					return funcName.indexOf( "outer" ) === 0 ?
-						elem[ "inner" + name ] :
-						elem.document.documentElement[ "client" + name ];
-				}
-
-				// Get document width or height
-				if ( elem.nodeType === 9 ) {
-					doc = elem.documentElement;
-
-					// Either scroll[Width/Height] or offset[Width/Height] or client[Width/Height],
-					// whichever is greatest
-					return Math.max(
-						elem.body[ "scroll" + name ], doc[ "scroll" + name ],
-						elem.body[ "offset" + name ], doc[ "offset" + name ],
-						doc[ "client" + name ]
-					);
-				}
-
-				return value === undefined ?
-
-					// Get width or height on the element, requesting but not forcing parseFloat
-					jQuery.css( elem, type, extra ) :
-
-					// Set width or height on the element
-					jQuery.style( elem, type, value, extra );
-			}, type, chainable ? margin : undefined, chainable );
-		};
-	} );
-} );
-
-
-jQuery.each( [
-	"ajaxStart",
-	"ajaxStop",
-	"ajaxComplete",
-	"ajaxError",
-	"ajaxSuccess",
-	"ajaxSend"
-], function( _i, type ) {
-	jQuery.fn[ type ] = function( fn ) {
-		return this.on( type, fn );
-	};
-} );
-
-
-
-
-jQuery.fn.extend( {
-
-	bind: function( types, data, fn ) {
-		return this.on( types, null, data, fn );
-	},
-	unbind: function( types, fn ) {
-		return this.off( types, null, fn );
-	},
-
-	delegate: function( selector, types, data, fn ) {
-		return this.on( types, selector, data, fn );
-	},
-	undelegate: function( selector, types, fn ) {
-
-		// ( namespace ) or ( selector, types [, fn] )
-		return arguments.length === 1 ?
-			this.off( selector, "**" ) :
-			this.off( types, selector || "**", fn );
-	},
-
-	hover: function( fnOver, fnOut ) {
-		return this.mouseenter( fnOver ).mouseleave( fnOut || fnOver );
-	}
-} );
-
-jQuery.each(
-	( "blur focus focusin focusout resize scroll click dblclick " +
-	"mousedown mouseup mousemove mouseover mouseout mouseenter mouseleave " +
-	"change select submit keydown keypress keyup contextmenu" ).split( " " ),
-	function( _i, name ) {
-
-		// Handle event binding
-		jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( data, fn ) {
-			return arguments.length > 0 ?
-				this.on( name, null, data, fn ) :
-				this.trigger( name );
-		};
-	}
-);
-
-
-
-
-// Support: Android <=4.0 only
-// Make sure we trim BOM and NBSP
-var rtrim = /^[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+|[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+$/g;
-
-// Bind a function to a context, optionally partially applying any
-// arguments.
-// jQuery.proxy is deprecated to promote standards (specifically Function#bind)
-// However, it is not slated for removal any time soon
-jQuery.proxy = function( fn, context ) {
-	var tmp, args, proxy;
-
-	if ( typeof context === "string" ) {
-		tmp = fn[ context ];
-		context = fn;
-		fn = tmp;
-	}
-
-	// Quick check to determine if target is callable, in the spec
-	// this throws a TypeError, but we will just return undefined.
-	if ( !isFunction( fn ) ) {
-		return undefined;
-	}
-
-	// Simulated bind
-	args = slice.call( arguments, 2 );
-	proxy = function() {
-		return fn.apply( context || this, args.concat( slice.call( arguments ) ) );
-	};
-
-	// Set the guid of unique handler to the same of original handler, so it can be removed
-	proxy.guid = fn.guid = fn.guid || jQuery.guid++;
-
-	return proxy;
-};
-
-jQuery.holdReady = function( hold ) {
-	if ( hold ) {
-		jQuery.readyWait++;
-	} else {
-		jQuery.ready( true );
-	}
-};
-jQuery.isArray = Array.isArray;
-jQuery.parseJSON = JSON.parse;
-jQuery.nodeName = nodeName;
-jQuery.isFunction = isFunction;
-jQuery.isWindow = isWindow;
-jQuery.camelCase = camelCase;
-jQuery.type = toType;
-
-jQuery.now = Date.now;
-
-jQuery.isNumeric = function( obj ) {
-
-	// As of jQuery 3.0, isNumeric is limited to
-	// strings and numbers (primitives or objects)
-	// that can be coerced to finite numbers (gh-2662)
-	var type = jQuery.type( obj );
-	return ( type === "number" || type === "string" ) &&
-
-		// parseFloat NaNs numeric-cast false positives ("")
-		// ...but misinterprets leading-number strings, particularly hex literals ("0x...")
-		// subtraction forces infinities to NaN
-		!isNaN( obj - parseFloat( obj ) );
-};
-
-jQuery.trim = function( text ) {
-	return text == null ?
-		"" :
-		( text + "" ).replace( rtrim, "" );
-};
-
-
-
-// Register as a named AMD module, since jQuery can be concatenated with other
-// files that may use define, but not via a proper concatenation script that
-// understands anonymous AMD modules. A named AMD is safest and most robust
-// way to register. Lowercase jquery is used because AMD module names are
-// derived from file names, and jQuery is normally delivered in a lowercase
-// file name. Do this after creating the global so that if an AMD module wants
-// to call noConflict to hide this version of jQuery, it will work.
-
-// Note that for maximum portability, libraries that are not jQuery should
-// declare themselves as anonymous modules, and avoid setting a global if an
-// AMD loader is present. jQuery is a special case. For more information, see
-// https://github.com/jrburke/requirejs/wiki/Updating-existing-libraries#wiki-anon
-
-if ( typeof define === "function" && define.amd ) {
-	define( "jquery", [], function() {
-		return jQuery;
-	} );
-}
-
-
-
-
-var
-
-	// Map over jQuery in case of overwrite
-	_jQuery = window.jQuery,
-
-	// Map over the $ in case of overwrite
-	_$ = window.$;
-
-jQuery.noConflict = function( deep ) {
-	if ( window.$ === jQuery ) {
-		window.$ = _$;
-	}
-
-	if ( deep && window.jQuery === jQuery ) {
-		window.jQuery = _jQuery;
-	}
-
-	return jQuery;
-};
-
-// Expose jQuery and $ identifiers, even in AMD
-// (#7102#comment:10, https://github.com/jquery/jquery/pull/557)
-// and CommonJS for browser emulators (#13566)
-if ( typeof noGlobal === "undefined" ) {
-	window.jQuery = window.$ = jQuery;
-}
-
-
-
-
-return jQuery;
-} );
+/*! jQuery v3.6.0 | (c) OpenJS Foundation and other contributors | jquery.org/license */
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diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/language_data.js python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/language_data.js
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/language_data.js	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/language_data.js	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
  * This script contains the language-specific data used by searchtools.js,
  * namely the list of stopwords, stemmer, scorer and splitter.
  *
- * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2021 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
+ * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
  * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
  *
  */
 
-var stopwords = ["a","and","are","as","at","be","but","by","for","if","in","into","is","it","near","no","not","of","on","or","such","that","the","their","then","there","these","they","this","to","was","will","with"];
+var stopwords = ["a", "and", "are", "as", "at", "be", "but", "by", "for", "if", "in", "into", "is", "it", "near", "no", "not", "of", "on", "or", "such", "that", "the", "their", "then", "there", "these", "they", "this", "to", "was", "will", "with"];
 
 
 /* Non-minified version is copied as a separate JS file, is available */
@@ -197,101 +197,3 @@
   }
 }
 
-
-
-
-var splitChars = (function() {
-    var result = {};
-    var singles = [96, 180, 187, 191, 215, 247, 749, 885, 903, 907, 909, 930, 1014, 1648,
-         1748, 1809, 2416, 2473, 2481, 2526, 2601, 2609, 2612, 2615, 2653, 2702,
-         2706, 2729, 2737, 2740, 2857, 2865, 2868, 2910, 2928, 2948, 2961, 2971,
-         2973, 3085, 3089, 3113, 3124, 3213, 3217, 3241, 3252, 3295, 3341, 3345,
-         3369, 3506, 3516, 3633, 3715, 3721, 3736, 3744, 3748, 3750, 3756, 3761,
-         3781, 3912, 4239, 4347, 4681, 4695, 4697, 4745, 4785, 4799, 4801, 4823,
-         4881, 5760, 5901, 5997, 6313, 7405, 8024, 8026, 8028, 8030, 8117, 8125,
-         8133, 8181, 8468, 8485, 8487, 8489, 8494, 8527, 11311, 11359, 11687, 11695,
-         11703, 11711, 11719, 11727, 11735, 12448, 12539, 43010, 43014, 43019, 43587,
-         43696, 43713, 64286, 64297, 64311, 64317, 64319, 64322, 64325, 65141];
-    var i, j, start, end;
-    for (i = 0; i < singles.length; i++) {
-        result[singles[i]] = true;
-    }
-    var ranges = [[0, 47], [58, 64], [91, 94], [123, 169], [171, 177], [182, 184], [706, 709],
-         [722, 735], [741, 747], [751, 879], [888, 889], [894, 901], [1154, 1161],
-         [1318, 1328], [1367, 1368], [1370, 1376], [1416, 1487], [1515, 1519], [1523, 1568],
-         [1611, 1631], [1642, 1645], [1750, 1764], [1767, 1773], [1789, 1790], [1792, 1807],
-         [1840, 1868], [1958, 1968], [1970, 1983], [2027, 2035], [2038, 2041], [2043, 2047],
-         [2070, 2073], [2075, 2083], [2085, 2087], [2089, 2307], [2362, 2364], [2366, 2383],
-         [2385, 2391], [2402, 2405], [2419, 2424], [2432, 2436], [2445, 2446], [2449, 2450],
-         [2483, 2485], [2490, 2492], [2494, 2509], [2511, 2523], [2530, 2533], [2546, 2547],
-         [2554, 2564], [2571, 2574], [2577, 2578], [2618, 2648], [2655, 2661], [2672, 2673],
-         [2677, 2692], [2746, 2748], [2750, 2767], [2769, 2783], [2786, 2789], [2800, 2820],
-         [2829, 2830], [2833, 2834], [2874, 2876], [2878, 2907], [2914, 2917], [2930, 2946],
-         [2955, 2957], [2966, 2968], [2976, 2978], [2981, 2983], [2987, 2989], [3002, 3023],
-         [3025, 3045], [3059, 3076], [3130, 3132], [3134, 3159], [3162, 3167], [3170, 3173],
-         [3184, 3191], [3199, 3204], [3258, 3260], [3262, 3293], [3298, 3301], [3312, 3332],
-         [3386, 3388], [3390, 3423], [3426, 3429], [3446, 3449], [3456, 3460], [3479, 3481],
-         [3518, 3519], [3527, 3584], [3636, 3647], [3655, 3663], [3674, 3712], [3717, 3718],
-         [3723, 3724], [3726, 3731], [3752, 3753], [3764, 3772], [3774, 3775], [3783, 3791],
-         [3802, 3803], [3806, 3839], [3841, 3871], [3892, 3903], [3949, 3975], [3980, 4095],
-         [4139, 4158], [4170, 4175], [4182, 4185], [4190, 4192], [4194, 4196], [4199, 4205],
-         [4209, 4212], [4226, 4237], [4250, 4255], [4294, 4303], [4349, 4351], [4686, 4687],
-         [4702, 4703], [4750, 4751], [4790, 4791], [4806, 4807], [4886, 4887], [4955, 4968],
-         [4989, 4991], [5008, 5023], [5109, 5120], [5741, 5742], [5787, 5791], [5867, 5869],
-         [5873, 5887], [5906, 5919], [5938, 5951], [5970, 5983], [6001, 6015], [6068, 6102],
-         [6104, 6107], [6109, 6111], [6122, 6127], [6138, 6159], [6170, 6175], [6264, 6271],
-         [6315, 6319], [6390, 6399], [6429, 6469], [6510, 6511], [6517, 6527], [6572, 6592],
-         [6600, 6607], [6619, 6655], [6679, 6687], [6741, 6783], [6794, 6799], [6810, 6822],
-         [6824, 6916], [6964, 6980], [6988, 6991], [7002, 7042], [7073, 7085], [7098, 7167],
-         [7204, 7231], [7242, 7244], [7294, 7400], [7410, 7423], [7616, 7679], [7958, 7959],
-         [7966, 7967], [8006, 8007], [8014, 8015], [8062, 8063], [8127, 8129], [8141, 8143],
-         [8148, 8149], [8156, 8159], [8173, 8177], [8189, 8303], [8306, 8307], [8314, 8318],
-         [8330, 8335], [8341, 8449], [8451, 8454], [8456, 8457], [8470, 8472], [8478, 8483],
-         [8506, 8507], [8512, 8516], [8522, 8525], [8586, 9311], [9372, 9449], [9472, 10101],
-         [10132, 11263], [11493, 11498], [11503, 11516], [11518, 11519], [11558, 11567],
-         [11622, 11630], [11632, 11647], [11671, 11679], [11743, 11822], [11824, 12292],
-         [12296, 12320], [12330, 12336], [12342, 12343], [12349, 12352], [12439, 12444],
-         [12544, 12548], [12590, 12592], [12687, 12689], [12694, 12703], [12728, 12783],
-         [12800, 12831], [12842, 12880], [12896, 12927], [12938, 12976], [12992, 13311],
-         [19894, 19967], [40908, 40959], [42125, 42191], [42238, 42239], [42509, 42511],
-         [42540, 42559], [42592, 42593], [42607, 42622], [42648, 42655], [42736, 42774],
-         [42784, 42785], [42889, 42890], [42893, 43002], [43043, 43055], [43062, 43071],
-         [43124, 43137], [43188, 43215], [43226, 43249], [43256, 43258], [43260, 43263],
-         [43302, 43311], [43335, 43359], [43389, 43395], [43443, 43470], [43482, 43519],
-         [43561, 43583], [43596, 43599], [43610, 43615], [43639, 43641], [43643, 43647],
-         [43698, 43700], [43703, 43704], [43710, 43711], [43715, 43738], [43742, 43967],
-         [44003, 44015], [44026, 44031], [55204, 55215], [55239, 55242], [55292, 55295],
-         [57344, 63743], [64046, 64047], [64110, 64111], [64218, 64255], [64263, 64274],
-         [64280, 64284], [64434, 64466], [64830, 64847], [64912, 64913], [64968, 65007],
-         [65020, 65135], [65277, 65295], [65306, 65312], [65339, 65344], [65371, 65381],
-         [65471, 65473], [65480, 65481], [65488, 65489], [65496, 65497]];
-    for (i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++) {
-        start = ranges[i][0];
-        end = ranges[i][1];
-        for (j = start; j <= end; j++) {
-            result[j] = true;
-        }
-    }
-    return result;
-})();
-
-function splitQuery(query) {
-    var result = [];
-    var start = -1;
-    for (var i = 0; i < query.length; i++) {
-        if (splitChars[query.charCodeAt(i)]) {
-            if (start !== -1) {
-                result.push(query.slice(start, i));
-                start = -1;
-            }
-        } else if (start === -1) {
-            start = i;
-        }
-    }
-    if (start !== -1) {
-        result.push(query.slice(start));
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/searchtools.js python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/searchtools.js
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/searchtools.js	2021-12-19 03:55:12.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/searchtools.js	2022-09-24 12:16:10.000000000 +0000
@@ -4,22 +4,24 @@
  *
  * Sphinx JavaScript utilities for the full-text search.
  *
- * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2021 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
+ * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
  * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
  *
  */
+"use strict";
 
-if (!Scorer) {
-  /**
-   * Simple result scoring code.
-   */
+/**
+ * Simple result scoring code.
+ */
+if (typeof Scorer === "undefined") {
   var Scorer = {
     // Implement the following function to further tweak the score for each result
-    // The function takes a result array [filename, title, anchor, descr, score]
+    // The function takes a result array [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename]
     // and returns the new score.
     /*
-    score: function(result) {
-      return result[4];
+    score: result => {
+      const [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] = result
+      return score
     },
     */
 
@@ -28,9 +30,11 @@
     // or matches in the last dotted part of the object name
     objPartialMatch: 6,
     // Additive scores depending on the priority of the object
-    objPrio: {0:  15,   // used to be importantResults
-              1:  5,   // used to be objectResults
-              2: -5},  // used to be unimportantResults
+    objPrio: {
+      0: 15, // used to be importantResults
+      1: 5, // used to be objectResults
+      2: -5, // used to be unimportantResults
+    },
     //  Used when the priority is not in the mapping.
     objPrioDefault: 0,
 
@@ -39,459 +43,495 @@
     partialTitle: 7,
     // query found in terms
     term: 5,
-    partialTerm: 2
+    partialTerm: 2,
   };
 }
 
-if (!splitQuery) {
-  function splitQuery(query) {
-    return query.split(/\s+/);
-  }
-}
+const _removeChildren = (element) => {
+  while (element && element.lastChild) element.removeChild(element.lastChild);
+};
 
 /**
- * Search Module
+ * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions#escaping
  */
-var Search = {
-
-  _index : null,
-  _queued_query : null,
-  _pulse_status : -1,
-
-  htmlToText : function(htmlString) {
-      var virtualDocument = document.implementation.createHTMLDocument('virtual');
-      var htmlElement = $(htmlString, virtualDocument);
-      htmlElement.find('.headerlink').remove();
-      docContent = htmlElement.find('[role=main]')[0];
-      if(docContent === undefined) {
-          console.warn("Content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it " +
-                       "via '[role=main]'. Could you check your theme or template.");
-          return "";
-      }
-      return docContent.textContent || docContent.innerText;
-  },
+const _escapeRegExp = (string) =>
+  string.replace(/[.*+\-?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"); // $& means the whole matched string
 
-  init : function() {
-      var params = $.getQueryParameters();
-      if (params.q) {
-          var query = params.q[0];
-          $('input[name="q"]')[0].value = query;
-          this.performSearch(query);
-      }
-  },
+const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms) => {
+  const docBuilder = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.BUILDER;
+  const docUrlRoot = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT;
+  const docFileSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX;
+  const docLinkSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.LINK_SUFFIX;
+  const showSearchSummary = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY;
+
+  const [docName, title, anchor, descr, score, _filename] = item;
+
+  let listItem = document.createElement("li");
+  let requestUrl;
+  let linkUrl;
+  if (docBuilder === "dirhtml") {
+    // dirhtml builder
+    let dirname = docName + "/";
+    if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/))
+      dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length - 6);
+    else if (dirname === "index/") dirname = "";
+    requestUrl = docUrlRoot + dirname;
+    linkUrl = requestUrl;
+  } else {
+    // normal html builders
+    requestUrl = docUrlRoot + docName + docFileSuffix;
+    linkUrl = docName + docLinkSuffix;
+  }
+  let linkEl = listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("a"));
+  linkEl.href = linkUrl + anchor;
+  linkEl.dataset.score = score;
+  linkEl.innerHTML = title;
+  if (descr)
+    listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("span")).innerHTML =
+      " (" + descr + ")";
+  else if (showSearchSummary)
+    fetch(requestUrl)
+      .then((responseData) => responseData.text())
+      .then((data) => {
+        if (data)
+          listItem.appendChild(
+            Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchTerms)
+          );
+      });
+  Search.output.appendChild(listItem);
+};
+const _finishSearch = (resultCount) => {
+  Search.stopPulse();
+  Search.title.innerText = _("Search Results");
+  if (!resultCount)
+    Search.status.innerText = Documentation.gettext(
+      "Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you've selected enough categories."
+    );
+  else
+    Search.status.innerText = _(
+      `Search finished, found ${resultCount} page(s) matching the search query.`
+    );
+};
+const _displayNextItem = (
+  results,
+  resultCount,
+  searchTerms
+) => {
+  // results left, load the summary and display it
+  // this is intended to be dynamic (don't sub resultsCount)
+  if (results.length) {
+    _displayItem(results.pop(), searchTerms);
+    setTimeout(
+      () => _displayNextItem(results, resultCount, searchTerms),
+      5
+    );
+  }
+  // search finished, update title and status message
+  else _finishSearch(resultCount);
+};
 
-  loadIndex : function(url) {
-    $.ajax({type: "GET", url: url, data: null,
-            dataType: "script", cache: true,
-            complete: function(jqxhr, textstatus) {
-              if (textstatus != "success") {
-                document.getElementById("searchindexloader").src = url;
-              }
-            }});
-  },
+/**
+ * Default splitQuery function. Can be overridden in ``sphinx.search`` with a
+ * custom function per language.
+ *
+ * The regular expression works by splitting the string on consecutive characters
+ * that are not Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, or emoji characters.
+ * This is the same as ``\W+`` in Python, preserving the surrogate pair area.
+ */
+if (typeof splitQuery === "undefined") {
+  var splitQuery = (query) => query
+      .split(/[^\p{Letter}\p{Number}_\p{Emoji_Presentation}]+/gu)
+      .filter(term => term)  // remove remaining empty strings
+}
 
-  setIndex : function(index) {
-    var q;
-    this._index = index;
-    if ((q = this._queued_query) !== null) {
-      this._queued_query = null;
-      Search.query(q);
+/**
+ * Search Module
+ */
+const Search = {
+  _index: null,
+  _queued_query: null,
+  _pulse_status: -1,
+
+  htmlToText: (htmlString) => {
+    const htmlElement = new DOMParser().parseFromString(htmlString, 'text/html');
+    htmlElement.querySelectorAll(".headerlink").forEach((el) => { el.remove() });
+    const docContent = htmlElement.querySelector('[role="main"]');
+    if (docContent !== undefined) return docContent.textContent;
+    console.warn(
+      "Content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it via '[role=main]'. Could you check your theme or template."
+    );
+    return "";
+  },
+
+  init: () => {
+    const query = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("q");
+    document
+      .querySelectorAll('input[name="q"]')
+      .forEach((el) => (el.value = query));
+    if (query) Search.performSearch(query);
+  },
+
+  loadIndex: (url) =>
+    (document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("script")).src = url),
+
+  setIndex: (index) => {
+    Search._index = index;
+    if (Search._queued_query !== null) {
+      const query = Search._queued_query;
+      Search._queued_query = null;
+      Search.query(query);
     }
   },
 
-  hasIndex : function() {
-      return this._index !== null;
-  },
+  hasIndex: () => Search._index !== null,
 
-  deferQuery : function(query) {
-      this._queued_query = query;
-  },
+  deferQuery: (query) => (Search._queued_query = query),
 
-  stopPulse : function() {
-      this._pulse_status = 0;
-  },
+  stopPulse: () => (Search._pulse_status = -1),
 
-  startPulse : function() {
-    if (this._pulse_status >= 0)
-        return;
-    function pulse() {
-      var i;
+  startPulse: () => {
+    if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) return;
+
+    const pulse = () => {
       Search._pulse_status = (Search._pulse_status + 1) % 4;
-      var dotString = '';
-      for (i = 0; i < Search._pulse_status; i++)
-        dotString += '.';
-      Search.dots.text(dotString);
-      if (Search._pulse_status > -1)
-        window.setTimeout(pulse, 500);
-    }
+      Search.dots.innerText = ".".repeat(Search._pulse_status);
+      if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) window.setTimeout(pulse, 500);
+    };
     pulse();
   },
 
   /**
    * perform a search for something (or wait until index is loaded)
    */
-  performSearch : function(query) {
+  performSearch: (query) => {
     // create the required interface elements
-    this.out = $('#search-results');
-    this.title = $('<h2>' + _('Searching') + '</h2>').appendTo(this.out);
-    this.dots = $('<span></span>').appendTo(this.title);
-    this.status = $('<p class="search-summary">&nbsp;</p>').appendTo(this.out);
-    this.output = $('<ul class="search"/>').appendTo(this.out);
-
-    $('#search-progress').text(_('Preparing search...'));
-    this.startPulse();
+    const searchText = document.createElement("h2");
+    searchText.textContent = _("Searching");
+    const searchSummary = document.createElement("p");
+    searchSummary.classList.add("search-summary");
+    searchSummary.innerText = "";
+    const searchList = document.createElement("ul");
+    searchList.classList.add("search");
+
+    const out = document.getElementById("search-results");
+    Search.title = out.appendChild(searchText);
+    Search.dots = Search.title.appendChild(document.createElement("span"));
+    Search.status = out.appendChild(searchSummary);
+    Search.output = out.appendChild(searchList);
+
+    const searchProgress = document.getElementById("search-progress");
+    // Some themes don't use the search progress node
+    if (searchProgress) {
+      searchProgress.innerText = _("Preparing search...");
+    }
+    Search.startPulse();
 
     // index already loaded, the browser was quick!
-    if (this.hasIndex())
-      this.query(query);
-    else
-      this.deferQuery(query);
+    if (Search.hasIndex()) Search.query(query);
+    else Search.deferQuery(query);
   },
 
   /**
    * execute search (requires search index to be loaded)
    */
-  query : function(query) {
-    var i;
+  query: (query) => {
+    const filenames = Search._index.filenames;
+    const docNames = Search._index.docnames;
+    const titles = Search._index.titles;
+    const allTitles = Search._index.alltitles;
+    const indexEntries = Search._index.indexentries;
+
+    // stem the search terms and add them to the correct list
+    const stemmer = new Stemmer();
+    const searchTerms = new Set();
+    const excludedTerms = new Set();
+    const highlightTerms = new Set();
+    const objectTerms = new Set(splitQuery(query.toLowerCase().trim()));
+    splitQuery(query.trim()).forEach((queryTerm) => {
+      const queryTermLower = queryTerm.toLowerCase();
 
-    // stem the searchterms and add them to the correct list
-    var stemmer = new Stemmer();
-    var searchterms = [];
-    var excluded = [];
-    var hlterms = [];
-    var tmp = splitQuery(query);
-    var objectterms = [];
-    for (i = 0; i < tmp.length; i++) {
-      if (tmp[i] !== "") {
-          objectterms.push(tmp[i].toLowerCase());
-      }
+      // maybe skip this "word"
+      // stopwords array is from language_data.js
+      if (
+        stopwords.indexOf(queryTermLower) !== -1 ||
+        queryTerm.match(/^\d+$/)
+      )
+        return;
 
-      if ($u.indexOf(stopwords, tmp[i].toLowerCase()) != -1 || tmp[i] === "") {
-        // skip this "word"
-        continue;
-      }
       // stem the word
-      var word = stemmer.stemWord(tmp[i].toLowerCase());
-      // prevent stemmer from cutting word smaller than two chars
-      if(word.length < 3 && tmp[i].length >= 3) {
-        word = tmp[i];
-      }
-      var toAppend;
+      let word = stemmer.stemWord(queryTermLower);
       // select the correct list
-      if (word[0] == '-') {
-        toAppend = excluded;
-        word = word.substr(1);
-      }
+      if (word[0] === "-") excludedTerms.add(word.substr(1));
       else {
-        toAppend = searchterms;
-        hlterms.push(tmp[i].toLowerCase());
+        searchTerms.add(word);
+        highlightTerms.add(queryTermLower);
       }
-      // only add if not already in the list
-      if (!$u.contains(toAppend, word))
-        toAppend.push(word);
-    }
-    var highlightstring = '?highlight=' + $.urlencode(hlterms.join(" "));
+    });
 
-    // console.debug('SEARCH: searching for:');
-    // console.info('required: ', searchterms);
-    // console.info('excluded: ', excluded);
+    if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) {  // set in sphinx_highlight.js
+      localStorage.setItem("sphinx_highlight_terms", [...highlightTerms].join(" "))
+    }
 
-    // prepare search
-    var terms = this._index.terms;
-    var titleterms = this._index.titleterms;
+    // console.debug("SEARCH: searching for:");
+    // console.info("required: ", [...searchTerms]);
+    // console.info("excluded: ", [...excludedTerms]);
+
+    // array of [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename]
+    let results = [];
+    _removeChildren(document.getElementById("search-progress"));
+
+    const queryLower = query.toLowerCase();
+    for (const [title, foundTitles] of Object.entries(allTitles)) {
+      if (title.toLowerCase().includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= title.length/2)) {
+        for (const [file, id] of foundTitles) {
+          let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / title.length)
+          results.push([
+            docNames[file],
+            titles[file] !== title ? `${titles[file]} > ${title}` : title,
+            id !== null ? "#" + id : "",
+            null,
+            score,
+            filenames[file],
+          ]);
+        }
+      }
+    }
 
-    // array of [filename, title, anchor, descr, score]
-    var results = [];
-    $('#search-progress').empty();
+    // search for explicit entries in index directives
+    for (const [entry, foundEntries] of Object.entries(indexEntries)) {
+      if (entry.includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= entry.length/2)) {
+        for (const [file, id] of foundEntries) {
+          let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / entry.length)
+          results.push([
+            docNames[file],
+            titles[file],
+            id ? "#" + id : "",
+            null,
+            score,
+            filenames[file],
+          ]);
+        }
+      }
+    }
 
     // lookup as object
-    for (i = 0; i < objectterms.length; i++) {
-      var others = [].concat(objectterms.slice(0, i),
-                             objectterms.slice(i+1, objectterms.length));
-      results = results.concat(this.performObjectSearch(objectterms[i], others));
-    }
+    objectTerms.forEach((term) =>
+      results.push(...Search.performObjectSearch(term, objectTerms))
+    );
 
     // lookup as search terms in fulltext
-    results = results.concat(this.performTermsSearch(searchterms, excluded, terms, titleterms));
+    results.push(...Search.performTermsSearch(searchTerms, excludedTerms));
 
     // let the scorer override scores with a custom scoring function
-    if (Scorer.score) {
-      for (i = 0; i < results.length; i++)
-        results[i][4] = Scorer.score(results[i]);
-    }
+    if (Scorer.score) results.forEach((item) => (item[4] = Scorer.score(item)));
 
     // now sort the results by score (in opposite order of appearance, since the
     // display function below uses pop() to retrieve items) and then
     // alphabetically
-    results.sort(function(a, b) {
-      var left = a[4];
-      var right = b[4];
-      if (left > right) {
-        return 1;
-      } else if (left < right) {
-        return -1;
-      } else {
+    results.sort((a, b) => {
+      const leftScore = a[4];
+      const rightScore = b[4];
+      if (leftScore === rightScore) {
         // same score: sort alphabetically
-        left = a[1].toLowerCase();
-        right = b[1].toLowerCase();
-        return (left > right) ? -1 : ((left < right) ? 1 : 0);
+        const leftTitle = a[1].toLowerCase();
+        const rightTitle = b[1].toLowerCase();
+        if (leftTitle === rightTitle) return 0;
+        return leftTitle > rightTitle ? -1 : 1; // inverted is intentional
       }
+      return leftScore > rightScore ? 1 : -1;
     });
 
+    // remove duplicate search results
+    // note the reversing of results, so that in the case of duplicates, the highest-scoring entry is kept
+    let seen = new Set();
+    results = results.reverse().reduce((acc, result) => {
+      let resultStr = result.slice(0, 4).concat([result[5]]).map(v => String(v)).join(',');
+      if (!seen.has(resultStr)) {
+        acc.push(result);
+        seen.add(resultStr);
+      }
+      return acc;
+    }, []);
+
+    results = results.reverse();
+
     // for debugging
     //Search.lastresults = results.slice();  // a copy
-    //console.info('search results:', Search.lastresults);
+    // console.info("search results:", Search.lastresults);
 
     // print the results
-    var resultCount = results.length;
-    function displayNextItem() {
-      // results left, load the summary and display it
-      if (results.length) {
-        var item = results.pop();
-        var listItem = $('<li></li>');
-        var requestUrl = "";
-        var linkUrl = "";
-        if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.BUILDER === 'dirhtml') {
-          // dirhtml builder
-          var dirname = item[0] + '/';
-          if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/)) {
-            dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length-6);
-          } else if (dirname == 'index/') {
-            dirname = '';
-          }
-          requestUrl = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + dirname;
-          linkUrl = requestUrl;
-
-        } else {
-          // normal html builders
-          requestUrl = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + item[0] + DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX;
-          linkUrl = item[0] + DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.LINK_SUFFIX;
-        }
-        listItem.append($('<a/>').attr('href',
-            linkUrl +
-            highlightstring + item[2]).html(item[1]));
-        if (item[3]) {
-          listItem.append($('<span> (' + item[3] + ')</span>'));
-          Search.output.append(listItem);
-          setTimeout(function() {
-            displayNextItem();
-          }, 5);
-        } else if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.HAS_SOURCE) {
-          $.ajax({url: requestUrl,
-                  dataType: "text",
-                  complete: function(jqxhr, textstatus) {
-                    var data = jqxhr.responseText;
-                    if (data !== '' && data !== undefined) {
-                      var summary = Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchterms, hlterms);
-                      if (summary) {
-                        listItem.append(summary);
-                      }
-                    }
-                    Search.output.append(listItem);
-                    setTimeout(function() {
-                      displayNextItem();
-                    }, 5);
-                  }});
-        } else {
-          // no source available, just display title
-          Search.output.append(listItem);
-          setTimeout(function() {
-            displayNextItem();
-          }, 5);
-        }
-      }
-      // search finished, update title and status message
-      else {
-        Search.stopPulse();
-        Search.title.text(_('Search Results'));
-        if (!resultCount)
-          Search.status.text(_('Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you\'ve selected enough categories.'));
-        else
-            Search.status.text(_('Search finished, found %s page(s) matching the search query.').replace('%s', resultCount));
-        Search.status.fadeIn(500);
-      }
-    }
-    displayNextItem();
+    _displayNextItem(results, results.length, searchTerms);
   },
 
   /**
    * search for object names
    */
-  performObjectSearch : function(object, otherterms) {
-    var filenames = this._index.filenames;
-    var docnames = this._index.docnames;
-    var objects = this._index.objects;
-    var objnames = this._index.objnames;
-    var titles = this._index.titles;
-
-    var i;
-    var results = [];
-
-    for (var prefix in objects) {
-      if (!(objects[prefix] instanceof Array)) {
-        objects[prefix] = Object.entries(objects[prefix]).map(([name, match]) => [...match, name]);
-      }
-      for (var iMatch = 0; iMatch != objects[prefix].length; ++iMatch) {
-        var match = objects[prefix][iMatch];
-        var name = match[4];
-        var fullname = (prefix ? prefix + '.' : '') + name;
-        var fullnameLower = fullname.toLowerCase()
-        if (fullnameLower.indexOf(object) > -1) {
-          var score = 0;
-          var parts = fullnameLower.split('.');
-          // check for different match types: exact matches of full name or
-          // "last name" (i.e. last dotted part)
-          if (fullnameLower == object || parts[parts.length - 1] == object) {
-            score += Scorer.objNameMatch;
-          // matches in last name
-          } else if (parts[parts.length - 1].indexOf(object) > -1) {
-            score += Scorer.objPartialMatch;
-          }
-          var objname = objnames[match[1]][2];
-          var title = titles[match[0]];
-          // If more than one term searched for, we require other words to be
-          // found in the name/title/description
-          if (otherterms.length > 0) {
-            var haystack = (prefix + ' ' + name + ' ' +
-                            objname + ' ' + title).toLowerCase();
-            var allfound = true;
-            for (i = 0; i < otherterms.length; i++) {
-              if (haystack.indexOf(otherterms[i]) == -1) {
-                allfound = false;
-                break;
-              }
-            }
-            if (!allfound) {
-              continue;
-            }
-          }
-          var descr = objname + _(', in ') + title;
-
-          var anchor = match[3];
-          if (anchor === '')
-            anchor = fullname;
-          else if (anchor == '-')
-            anchor = objnames[match[1]][1] + '-' + fullname;
-          // add custom score for some objects according to scorer
-          if (Scorer.objPrio.hasOwnProperty(match[2])) {
-            score += Scorer.objPrio[match[2]];
-          } else {
-            score += Scorer.objPrioDefault;
-          }
-          results.push([docnames[match[0]], fullname, '#'+anchor, descr, score, filenames[match[0]]]);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
+  performObjectSearch: (object, objectTerms) => {
+    const filenames = Search._index.filenames;
+    const docNames = Search._index.docnames;
+    const objects = Search._index.objects;
+    const objNames = Search._index.objnames;
+    const titles = Search._index.titles;
+
+    const results = [];
+
+    const objectSearchCallback = (prefix, match) => {
+      const name = match[4]
+      const fullname = (prefix ? prefix + "." : "") + name;
+      const fullnameLower = fullname.toLowerCase();
+      if (fullnameLower.indexOf(object) < 0) return;
+
+      let score = 0;
+      const parts = fullnameLower.split(".");
+
+      // check for different match types: exact matches of full name or
+      // "last name" (i.e. last dotted part)
+      if (fullnameLower === object || parts.slice(-1)[0] === object)
+        score += Scorer.objNameMatch;
+      else if (parts.slice(-1)[0].indexOf(object) > -1)
+        score += Scorer.objPartialMatch; // matches in last name
+
+      const objName = objNames[match[1]][2];
+      const title = titles[match[0]];
+
+      // If more than one term searched for, we require other words to be
+      // found in the name/title/description
+      const otherTerms = new Set(objectTerms);
+      otherTerms.delete(object);
+      if (otherTerms.size > 0) {
+        const haystack = `${prefix} ${name} ${objName} ${title}`.toLowerCase();
+        if (
+          [...otherTerms].some((otherTerm) => haystack.indexOf(otherTerm) < 0)
+        )
+          return;
+      }
+
+      let anchor = match[3];
+      if (anchor === "") anchor = fullname;
+      else if (anchor === "-") anchor = objNames[match[1]][1] + "-" + fullname;
+
+      const descr = objName + _(", in ") + title;
+
+      // add custom score for some objects according to scorer
+      if (Scorer.objPrio.hasOwnProperty(match[2]))
+        score += Scorer.objPrio[match[2]];
+      else score += Scorer.objPrioDefault;
+
+      results.push([
+        docNames[match[0]],
+        fullname,
+        "#" + anchor,
+        descr,
+        score,
+        filenames[match[0]],
+      ]);
+    };
+    Object.keys(objects).forEach((prefix) =>
+      objects[prefix].forEach((array) =>
+        objectSearchCallback(prefix, array)
+      )
+    );
     return results;
   },
 
   /**
-   * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions
-   */
-  escapeRegExp : function(string) {
-    return string.replace(/[.*+\-?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string
-  },
-
-  /**
    * search for full-text terms in the index
    */
-  performTermsSearch : function(searchterms, excluded, terms, titleterms) {
-    var docnames = this._index.docnames;
-    var filenames = this._index.filenames;
-    var titles = this._index.titles;
-
-    var i, j, file;
-    var fileMap = {};
-    var scoreMap = {};
-    var results = [];
+  performTermsSearch: (searchTerms, excludedTerms) => {
+    // prepare search
+    const terms = Search._index.terms;
+    const titleTerms = Search._index.titleterms;
+    const filenames = Search._index.filenames;
+    const docNames = Search._index.docnames;
+    const titles = Search._index.titles;
+
+    const scoreMap = new Map();
+    const fileMap = new Map();
 
     // perform the search on the required terms
-    for (i = 0; i < searchterms.length; i++) {
-      var word = searchterms[i];
-      var files = [];
-      var _o = [
-        {files: terms[word], score: Scorer.term},
-        {files: titleterms[word], score: Scorer.title}
+    searchTerms.forEach((word) => {
+      const files = [];
+      const arr = [
+        { files: terms[word], score: Scorer.term },
+        { files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.title },
       ];
       // add support for partial matches
       if (word.length > 2) {
-        var word_regex = this.escapeRegExp(word);
-        for (var w in terms) {
-          if (w.match(word_regex) && !terms[word]) {
-            _o.push({files: terms[w], score: Scorer.partialTerm})
-          }
-        }
-        for (var w in titleterms) {
-          if (w.match(word_regex) && !titleterms[word]) {
-              _o.push({files: titleterms[w], score: Scorer.partialTitle})
-          }
-        }
+        const escapedWord = _escapeRegExp(word);
+        Object.keys(terms).forEach((term) => {
+          if (term.match(escapedWord) && !terms[word])
+            arr.push({ files: terms[term], score: Scorer.partialTerm });
+        });
+        Object.keys(titleTerms).forEach((term) => {
+          if (term.match(escapedWord) && !titleTerms[word])
+            arr.push({ files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.partialTitle });
+        });
       }
 
       // no match but word was a required one
-      if ($u.every(_o, function(o){return o.files === undefined;})) {
-        break;
-      }
+      if (arr.every((record) => record.files === undefined)) return;
+
       // found search word in contents
-      $u.each(_o, function(o) {
-        var _files = o.files;
-        if (_files === undefined)
-          return
-
-        if (_files.length === undefined)
-          _files = [_files];
-        files = files.concat(_files);
-
-        // set score for the word in each file to Scorer.term
-        for (j = 0; j < _files.length; j++) {
-          file = _files[j];
-          if (!(file in scoreMap))
-            scoreMap[file] = {};
-          scoreMap[file][word] = o.score;
-        }
+      arr.forEach((record) => {
+        if (record.files === undefined) return;
+
+        let recordFiles = record.files;
+        if (recordFiles.length === undefined) recordFiles = [recordFiles];
+        files.push(...recordFiles);
+
+        // set score for the word in each file
+        recordFiles.forEach((file) => {
+          if (!scoreMap.has(file)) scoreMap.set(file, {});
+          scoreMap.get(file)[word] = record.score;
+        });
       });
 
       // create the mapping
-      for (j = 0; j < files.length; j++) {
-        file = files[j];
-        if (file in fileMap && fileMap[file].indexOf(word) === -1)
-          fileMap[file].push(word);
-        else
-          fileMap[file] = [word];
-      }
-    }
+      files.forEach((file) => {
+        if (fileMap.has(file) && fileMap.get(file).indexOf(word) === -1)
+          fileMap.get(file).push(word);
+        else fileMap.set(file, [word]);
+      });
+    });
 
     // now check if the files don't contain excluded terms
-    for (file in fileMap) {
-      var valid = true;
-
+    const results = [];
+    for (const [file, wordList] of fileMap) {
       // check if all requirements are matched
-      var filteredTermCount = // as search terms with length < 3 are discarded: ignore
-        searchterms.filter(function(term){return term.length > 2}).length
+
+      // as search terms with length < 3 are discarded
+      const filteredTermCount = [...searchTerms].filter(
+        (term) => term.length > 2
+      ).length;
       if (
-        fileMap[file].length != searchterms.length &&
-        fileMap[file].length != filteredTermCount
-      ) continue;
+        wordList.length !== searchTerms.size &&
+        wordList.length !== filteredTermCount
+      )
+        continue;
 
       // ensure that none of the excluded terms is in the search result
-      for (i = 0; i < excluded.length; i++) {
-        if (terms[excluded[i]] == file ||
-            titleterms[excluded[i]] == file ||
-            $u.contains(terms[excluded[i]] || [], file) ||
-            $u.contains(titleterms[excluded[i]] || [], file)) {
-          valid = false;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
+      if (
+        [...excludedTerms].some(
+          (term) =>
+            terms[term] === file ||
+            titleTerms[term] === file ||
+            (terms[term] || []).includes(file) ||
+            (titleTerms[term] || []).includes(file)
+        )
+      )
+        break;
 
-      // if we have still a valid result we can add it to the result list
-      if (valid) {
-        // select one (max) score for the file.
-        // for better ranking, we should calculate ranking by using words statistics like basic tf-idf...
-        var score = $u.max($u.map(fileMap[file], function(w){return scoreMap[file][w]}));
-        results.push([docnames[file], titles[file], '', null, score, filenames[file]]);
-      }
+      // select one (max) score for the file.
+      const score = Math.max(...wordList.map((w) => scoreMap.get(file)[w]));
+      // add result to the result list
+      results.push([
+        docNames[file],
+        titles[file],
+        "",
+        null,
+        score,
+        filenames[file],
+      ]);
     }
     return results;
   },
@@ -499,34 +539,28 @@
   /**
    * helper function to return a node containing the
    * search summary for a given text. keywords is a list
-   * of stemmed words, hlwords is the list of normal, unstemmed
-   * words. the first one is used to find the occurrence, the
-   * latter for highlighting it.
+   * of stemmed words.
    */
-  makeSearchSummary : function(htmlText, keywords, hlwords) {
-    var text = Search.htmlToText(htmlText);
-    if (text == "") {
-      return null;
-    }
-    var textLower = text.toLowerCase();
-    var start = 0;
-    $.each(keywords, function() {
-      var i = textLower.indexOf(this.toLowerCase());
-      if (i > -1)
-        start = i;
-    });
-    start = Math.max(start - 120, 0);
-    var excerpt = ((start > 0) ? '...' : '') +
-      $.trim(text.substr(start, 240)) +
-      ((start + 240 - text.length) ? '...' : '');
-    var rv = $('<p class="context"></p>').text(excerpt);
-    $.each(hlwords, function() {
-      rv = rv.highlightText(this, 'highlighted');
-    });
-    return rv;
-  }
+  makeSearchSummary: (htmlText, keywords) => {
+    const text = Search.htmlToText(htmlText);
+    if (text === "") return null;
+
+    const textLower = text.toLowerCase();
+    const actualStartPosition = [...keywords]
+      .map((k) => textLower.indexOf(k.toLowerCase()))
+      .filter((i) => i > -1)
+      .slice(-1)[0];
+    const startWithContext = Math.max(actualStartPosition - 120, 0);
+
+    const top = startWithContext === 0 ? "" : "...";
+    const tail = startWithContext + 240 < text.length ? "..." : "";
+
+    let summary = document.createElement("p");
+    summary.classList.add("context");
+    summary.textContent = top + text.substr(startWithContext, 240).trim() + tail;
+
+    return summary;
+  },
 };
 
-$(document).ready(function() {
-  Search.init();
-});
+_ready(Search.init);
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/sidebar.js python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/sidebar.js
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/sidebar.js	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/sidebar.js	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -16,144 +16,55 @@
  * Once the browser is closed the cookie is deleted and the position
  * reset to the default (expanded).
  *
- * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2021 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
+ * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
  * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
  *
  */
 
-$(function() {
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
+const initialiseSidebar = () => {
   
+    
   
 
   // global elements used by the functions.
-  // the 'sidebarbutton' element is defined as global after its
-  // creation, in the add_sidebar_button function
-  var bodywrapper = $('.bodywrapper');
-  var sidebar = $('.sphinxsidebar');
-  var sidebarwrapper = $('.sphinxsidebarwrapper');
+  const bodyWrapper = document.getElementsByClassName("bodywrapper")[0]
+  const sidebar = document.getElementsByClassName("sphinxsidebar")[0]
+  const sidebarWrapper = document.getElementsByClassName('sphinxsidebarwrapper')[0]
+  const sidebarButton = document.getElementById("sidebarbutton")
+  const sidebarArrow = sidebarButton.querySelector('span')
 
   // for some reason, the document has no sidebar; do not run into errors
-  if (!sidebar.length) return;
-
-  // original margin-left of the bodywrapper and width of the sidebar
-  // with the sidebar expanded
-  var bw_margin_expanded = bodywrapper.css('margin-left');
-  var ssb_width_expanded = sidebar.width();
-
-  // margin-left of the bodywrapper and width of the sidebar
-  // with the sidebar collapsed
-  var bw_margin_collapsed = '.8em';
-  var ssb_width_collapsed = '.8em';
-
-  // colors used by the current theme
-  var dark_color = $('.related').css('background-color');
-  var light_color = $('.document').css('background-color');
-
-  function sidebar_is_collapsed() {
-    return sidebarwrapper.is(':not(:visible)');
-  }
+  if (typeof sidebar === "undefined") return;
 
-  function toggle_sidebar() {
-    if (sidebar_is_collapsed())
-      expand_sidebar();
-    else
-      collapse_sidebar();
-  }
-
-  function collapse_sidebar() {
-    sidebarwrapper.hide();
-    sidebar.css('width', ssb_width_collapsed);
-    bodywrapper.css('margin-left', bw_margin_collapsed);
-    sidebarbutton.css({
-        'margin-left': '0',
-        'height': bodywrapper.height()
-    });
-    sidebarbutton.find('span').text('»');
-    sidebarbutton.attr('title', _('Expand sidebar'));
-    document.cookie = 'sidebar=collapsed';
-  }
-
-  function expand_sidebar() {
-    bodywrapper.css('margin-left', bw_margin_expanded);
-    sidebar.css('width', ssb_width_expanded);
-    sidebarwrapper.show();
-    sidebarbutton.css({
-        'margin-left': ssb_width_expanded-12,
-        'height': bodywrapper.height()
-    });
-    sidebarbutton.find('span').text('«');
-    sidebarbutton.attr('title', _('Collapse sidebar'));
-    document.cookie = 'sidebar=expanded';
-  }
-
-  function add_sidebar_button() {
-    sidebarwrapper.css({
-        'float': 'left',
-        'margin-right': '0',
-        'width': ssb_width_expanded - 28
-    });
-    // create the button
-    sidebar.append(
-        '<div id="sidebarbutton"><span>&laquo;</span></div>'
-    );
-    var sidebarbutton = $('#sidebarbutton');
-    light_color = sidebarbutton.css('background-color');
-    // find the height of the viewport to center the '<<' in the page
-    var viewport_height;
-    if (window.innerHeight)
- 	  viewport_height = window.innerHeight;
-    else
-	  viewport_height = $(window).height();
-    sidebarbutton.find('span').css({
-        'display': 'block',
-        'margin-top': (viewport_height - sidebar.position().top - 20) / 2
-    });
-
-    sidebarbutton.click(toggle_sidebar);
-    sidebarbutton.attr('title', _('Collapse sidebar'));
-    sidebarbutton.css({
-        'color': '#FFFFFF',
-        'border-left': '1px solid ' + dark_color,
-        'font-size': '1.2em',
-        'cursor': 'pointer',
-        'height': bodywrapper.height(),
-        'padding-top': '1px',
-        'margin-left': ssb_width_expanded - 12
-    });
-
-    sidebarbutton.hover(
-      function () {
-          $(this).css('background-color', dark_color);
-      },
-      function () {
-          $(this).css('background-color', light_color);
-      }
-    );
-  }
+  const flipArrow = element => element.innerText = (element.innerText === "»") ? "«" : "»"
 
-  function set_position_from_cookie() {
-    if (!document.cookie)
-      return;
-    var items = document.cookie.split(';');
-    for(var k=0; k<items.length; k++) {
-      var key_val = items[k].split('=');
-      var key = key_val[0].replace(/ /, "");  // strip leading spaces
-      if (key == 'sidebar') {
-        var value = key_val[1];
-        if ((value == 'collapsed') && (!sidebar_is_collapsed()))
-          collapse_sidebar();
-        else if ((value == 'expanded') && (sidebar_is_collapsed()))
-          expand_sidebar();
-      }
-    }
-  }
+  const collapse_sidebar = () => {
+    bodyWrapper.style.marginLeft = ".8em";
+    sidebar.style.width = ".8em"
+    sidebarWrapper.style.display = "none"
+    flipArrow(sidebarArrow)
+    sidebarButton.title = _('Expand sidebar')
+    window.localStorage.setItem("sidebar", "collapsed")
+  }
+
+  const expand_sidebar = () => {
+    bodyWrapper.style.marginLeft = ""
+    sidebar.style.removeProperty("width")
+    sidebarWrapper.style.display = ""
+    flipArrow(sidebarArrow)
+    sidebarButton.title = _('Collapse sidebar')
+    window.localStorage.setItem("sidebar", "expanded")
+  }
+
+  sidebarButton.addEventListener("click", () => {
+    (sidebarWrapper.style.display === "none") ? expand_sidebar() : collapse_sidebar()
+  })
+
+  if (!window.localStorage.getItem("sidebar")) return
+  const value = window.localStorage.getItem("sidebar")
+  if (value === "collapsed") collapse_sidebar();
+  else if (value === "expanded") expand_sidebar();
+}
 
-  add_sidebar_button();
-  var sidebarbutton = $('#sidebarbutton');
-  set_position_from_cookie();
-});
\ No newline at end of file
+if (document.readyState !== "loading") initialiseSidebar()
+else document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", initialiseSidebar)
\ No newline at end of file
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/sphinx_highlight.js python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/sphinx_highlight.js
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/sphinx_highlight.js	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/sphinx_highlight.js	2022-09-24 12:16:10.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/* Highlighting utilities for Sphinx HTML documentation. */
+"use strict";
+
+const SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED = true
+
+/**
+ * highlight a given string on a node by wrapping it in
+ * span elements with the given class name.
+ */
+const _highlight = (node, addItems, text, className) => {
+  if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {
+    const val = node.nodeValue;
+    const parent = node.parentNode;
+    const pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text);
+    if (
+      pos >= 0 &&
+      !parent.classList.contains(className) &&
+      !parent.classList.contains("nohighlight")
+    ) {
+      let span;
+
+      const closestNode = parent.closest("body, svg, foreignObject");
+      const isInSVG = closestNode && closestNode.matches("svg");
+      if (isInSVG) {
+        span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan");
+      } else {
+        span = document.createElement("span");
+        span.classList.add(className);
+      }
+
+      span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length)));
+      parent.insertBefore(
+        span,
+        parent.insertBefore(
+          document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)),
+          node.nextSibling
+        )
+      );
+      node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos);
+
+      if (isInSVG) {
+        const rect = document.createElementNS(
+          "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",
+          "rect"
+        );
+        const bbox = parent.getBBox();
+        rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x;
+        rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y;
+        rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width;
+        rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height;
+        rect.setAttribute("class", className);
+        addItems.push({ parent: parent, target: rect });
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (node.matches && !node.matches("button, select, textarea")) {
+    node.childNodes.forEach((el) => _highlight(el, addItems, text, className));
+  }
+};
+const _highlightText = (thisNode, text, className) => {
+  let addItems = [];
+  _highlight(thisNode, addItems, text, className);
+  addItems.forEach((obj) =>
+    obj.parent.insertAdjacentElement("beforebegin", obj.target)
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Small JavaScript module for the documentation.
+ */
+const SphinxHighlight = {
+
+  /**
+   * highlight the search words provided in localstorage in the text
+   */
+  highlightSearchWords: () => {
+    if (!SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) return;  // bail if no highlight
+
+    // get and clear terms from localstorage
+    const url = new URL(window.location);
+    const highlight =
+        localStorage.getItem("sphinx_highlight_terms")
+        || url.searchParams.get("highlight")
+        || "";
+    localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms")
+    url.searchParams.delete("highlight");
+    window.history.replaceState({}, "", url);
+
+    // get individual terms from highlight string
+    const terms = highlight.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/).filter(x => x);
+    if (terms.length === 0) return; // nothing to do
+
+    // There should never be more than one element matching "div.body"
+    const divBody = document.querySelectorAll("div.body");
+    const body = divBody.length ? divBody[0] : document.querySelector("body");
+    window.setTimeout(() => {
+      terms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(body, term, "highlighted"));
+    }, 10);
+
+    const searchBox = document.getElementById("searchbox");
+    if (searchBox === null) return;
+    searchBox.appendChild(
+      document
+        .createRange()
+        .createContextualFragment(
+          '<p class="highlight-link">' +
+            '<a href="javascript:SphinxHighlight.hideSearchWords()">' +
+            _("Hide Search Matches") +
+            "</a></p>"
+        )
+    );
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * helper function to hide the search marks again
+   */
+  hideSearchWords: () => {
+    document
+      .querySelectorAll("#searchbox .highlight-link")
+      .forEach((el) => el.remove());
+    document
+      .querySelectorAll("span.highlighted")
+      .forEach((el) => el.classList.remove("highlighted"));
+    localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms")
+  },
+
+  initEscapeListener: () => {
+    // only install a listener if it is really needed
+    if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) return;
+
+    document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => {
+      // bail for input elements
+      if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return;
+      // bail with special keys
+      if (event.shiftKey || event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return;
+      if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS && (event.key === "Escape")) {
+        SphinxHighlight.hideSearchWords();
+        event.preventDefault();
+      }
+    });
+  },
+};
+
+_ready(SphinxHighlight.highlightSearchWords);
+_ready(SphinxHighlight.initEscapeListener);
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js	2022-09-24 12:16:10.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+ * _sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js
+ * ~~~~~~~~~~
+ *
+ * Compatability shim for jQuery and underscores.js.
+ *
+ * WILL BE REMOVED IN Sphinx 6.0
+ * xref RemovedInSphinx60Warning
+ *
+ */
+
+/**
+ * select a different prefix for underscore
+ */
+$u = _.noConflict();
+
+
+/**
+ * small helper function to urldecode strings
+ *
+ * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL
+ */
+jQuery.urldecode = function(x) {
+    if (!x) {
+        return x
+    }
+    return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' '));
+};
+
+/**
+ * small helper function to urlencode strings
+ */
+jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent;
+
+/**
+ * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the
+ * current request. Multiple values per key are supported,
+ * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts.
+ */
+jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) {
+    if (typeof s === 'undefined')
+        s = document.location.search;
+    var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&');
+    var result = {};
+    for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
+        var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2);
+        var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]);
+        var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]);
+        if (key in result)
+            result[key].push(value);
+        else
+            result[key] = [value];
+    }
+    return result;
+};
+
+/**
+ * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in
+ * span elements with the given class name.
+ */
+jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) {
+    function highlight(node, addItems) {
+        if (node.nodeType === 3) {
+            var val = node.nodeValue;
+            var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text);
+            if (pos >= 0 &&
+                !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) &&
+                !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) {
+                var span;
+                var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg");
+                if (isInSVG) {
+                    span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan");
+                } else {
+                    span = document.createElement("span");
+                    span.className = className;
+                }
+                span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length)));
+                node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore(
+                    document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)),
+                    node.nextSibling));
+                node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos);
+                if (isInSVG) {
+                    var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect");
+                    var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox();
+                    rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x;
+                    rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y;
+                    rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width;
+                    rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height;
+                    rect.setAttribute('class', className);
+                    addItems.push({
+                        "parent": node.parentNode,
+                        "target": rect});
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) {
+            jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() {
+                highlight(this, addItems);
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    var addItems = [];
+    var result = this.each(function() {
+        highlight(this, addItems);
+    });
+    for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) {
+        jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target);
+    }
+    return result;
+};
+
+/*
+ * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser
+ * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed.
+ */
+if (!jQuery.browser) {
+    jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) {
+        ua = ua.toLowerCase();
+
+        var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) ||
+            /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) ||
+            /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) ||
+            /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) ||
+            ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) ||
+            [];
+
+        return {
+            browser: match[ 1 ] || "",
+            version: match[ 2 ] || "0"
+        };
+    };
+    jQuery.browser = {};
+    jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true;
+}
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/underscore-1.13.1.js python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/underscore-1.13.1.js
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/underscore-1.13.1.js	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/underscore-1.13.1.js	2022-09-24 12:16:10.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,2042 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? module.exports = factory() :
+  typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define('underscore', factory) :
+  (global = typeof globalThis !== 'undefined' ? globalThis : global || self, (function () {
+    var current = global._;
+    var exports = global._ = factory();
+    exports.noConflict = function () { global._ = current; return exports; };
+  }()));
+}(this, (function () {
+  //     Underscore.js 1.13.1
+  //     https://underscorejs.org
+  //     (c) 2009-2021 Jeremy Ashkenas, Julian Gonggrijp, and DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+  //     Underscore may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
+
+  // Current version.
+  var VERSION = '1.13.1';
+
+  // Establish the root object, `window` (`self`) in the browser, `global`
+  // on the server, or `this` in some virtual machines. We use `self`
+  // instead of `window` for `WebWorker` support.
+  var root = typeof self == 'object' && self.self === self && self ||
+            typeof global == 'object' && global.global === global && global ||
+            Function('return this')() ||
+            {};
+
+  // Save bytes in the minified (but not gzipped) version:
+  var ArrayProto = Array.prototype, ObjProto = Object.prototype;
+  var SymbolProto = typeof Symbol !== 'undefined' ? Symbol.prototype : null;
+
+  // Create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes.
+  var push = ArrayProto.push,
+      slice = ArrayProto.slice,
+      toString = ObjProto.toString,
+      hasOwnProperty = ObjProto.hasOwnProperty;
+
+  // Modern feature detection.
+  var supportsArrayBuffer = typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined',
+      supportsDataView = typeof DataView !== 'undefined';
+
+  // All **ECMAScript 5+** native function implementations that we hope to use
+  // are declared here.
+  var nativeIsArray = Array.isArray,
+      nativeKeys = Object.keys,
+      nativeCreate = Object.create,
+      nativeIsView = supportsArrayBuffer && ArrayBuffer.isView;
+
+  // Create references to these builtin functions because we override them.
+  var _isNaN = isNaN,
+      _isFinite = isFinite;
+
+  // Keys in IE < 9 that won't be iterated by `for key in ...` and thus missed.
+  var hasEnumBug = !{toString: null}.propertyIsEnumerable('toString');
+  var nonEnumerableProps = ['valueOf', 'isPrototypeOf', 'toString',
+    'propertyIsEnumerable', 'hasOwnProperty', 'toLocaleString'];
+
+  // The largest integer that can be represented exactly.
+  var MAX_ARRAY_INDEX = Math.pow(2, 53) - 1;
+
+  // Some functions take a variable number of arguments, or a few expected
+  // arguments at the beginning and then a variable number of values to operate
+  // on. This helper accumulates all remaining arguments past the function’s
+  // argument length (or an explicit `startIndex`), into an array that becomes
+  // the last argument. Similar to ES6’s "rest parameter".
+  function restArguments(func, startIndex) {
+    startIndex = startIndex == null ? func.length - 1 : +startIndex;
+    return function() {
+      var length = Math.max(arguments.length - startIndex, 0),
+          rest = Array(length),
+          index = 0;
+      for (; index < length; index++) {
+        rest[index] = arguments[index + startIndex];
+      }
+      switch (startIndex) {
+        case 0: return func.call(this, rest);
+        case 1: return func.call(this, arguments[0], rest);
+        case 2: return func.call(this, arguments[0], arguments[1], rest);
+      }
+      var args = Array(startIndex + 1);
+      for (index = 0; index < startIndex; index++) {
+        args[index] = arguments[index];
+      }
+      args[startIndex] = rest;
+      return func.apply(this, args);
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Is a given variable an object?
+  function isObject(obj) {
+    var type = typeof obj;
+    return type === 'function' || type === 'object' && !!obj;
+  }
+
+  // Is a given value equal to null?
+  function isNull(obj) {
+    return obj === null;
+  }
+
+  // Is a given variable undefined?
+  function isUndefined(obj) {
+    return obj === void 0;
+  }
+
+  // Is a given value a boolean?
+  function isBoolean(obj) {
+    return obj === true || obj === false || toString.call(obj) === '[object Boolean]';
+  }
+
+  // Is a given value a DOM element?
+  function isElement(obj) {
+    return !!(obj && obj.nodeType === 1);
+  }
+
+  // Internal function for creating a `toString`-based type tester.
+  function tagTester(name) {
+    var tag = '[object ' + name + ']';
+    return function(obj) {
+      return toString.call(obj) === tag;
+    };
+  }
+
+  var isString = tagTester('String');
+
+  var isNumber = tagTester('Number');
+
+  var isDate = tagTester('Date');
+
+  var isRegExp = tagTester('RegExp');
+
+  var isError = tagTester('Error');
+
+  var isSymbol = tagTester('Symbol');
+
+  var isArrayBuffer = tagTester('ArrayBuffer');
+
+  var isFunction = tagTester('Function');
+
+  // Optimize `isFunction` if appropriate. Work around some `typeof` bugs in old
+  // v8, IE 11 (#1621), Safari 8 (#1929), and PhantomJS (#2236).
+  var nodelist = root.document && root.document.childNodes;
+  if (typeof /./ != 'function' && typeof Int8Array != 'object' && typeof nodelist != 'function') {
+    isFunction = function(obj) {
+      return typeof obj == 'function' || false;
+    };
+  }
+
+  var isFunction$1 = isFunction;
+
+  var hasObjectTag = tagTester('Object');
+
+  // In IE 10 - Edge 13, `DataView` has string tag `'[object Object]'`.
+  // In IE 11, the most common among them, this problem also applies to
+  // `Map`, `WeakMap` and `Set`.
+  var hasStringTagBug = (
+        supportsDataView && hasObjectTag(new DataView(new ArrayBuffer(8)))
+      ),
+      isIE11 = (typeof Map !== 'undefined' && hasObjectTag(new Map));
+
+  var isDataView = tagTester('DataView');
+
+  // In IE 10 - Edge 13, we need a different heuristic
+  // to determine whether an object is a `DataView`.
+  function ie10IsDataView(obj) {
+    return obj != null && isFunction$1(obj.getInt8) && isArrayBuffer(obj.buffer);
+  }
+
+  var isDataView$1 = (hasStringTagBug ? ie10IsDataView : isDataView);
+
+  // Is a given value an array?
+  // Delegates to ECMA5's native `Array.isArray`.
+  var isArray = nativeIsArray || tagTester('Array');
+
+  // Internal function to check whether `key` is an own property name of `obj`.
+  function has$1(obj, key) {
+    return obj != null && hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key);
+  }
+
+  var isArguments = tagTester('Arguments');
+
+  // Define a fallback version of the method in browsers (ahem, IE < 9), where
+  // there isn't any inspectable "Arguments" type.
+  (function() {
+    if (!isArguments(arguments)) {
+      isArguments = function(obj) {
+        return has$1(obj, 'callee');
+      };
+    }
+  }());
+
+  var isArguments$1 = isArguments;
+
+  // Is a given object a finite number?
+  function isFinite$1(obj) {
+    return !isSymbol(obj) && _isFinite(obj) && !isNaN(parseFloat(obj));
+  }
+
+  // Is the given value `NaN`?
+  function isNaN$1(obj) {
+    return isNumber(obj) && _isNaN(obj);
+  }
+
+  // Predicate-generating function. Often useful outside of Underscore.
+  function constant(value) {
+    return function() {
+      return value;
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Common internal logic for `isArrayLike` and `isBufferLike`.
+  function createSizePropertyCheck(getSizeProperty) {
+    return function(collection) {
+      var sizeProperty = getSizeProperty(collection);
+      return typeof sizeProperty == 'number' && sizeProperty >= 0 && sizeProperty <= MAX_ARRAY_INDEX;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Internal helper to generate a function to obtain property `key` from `obj`.
+  function shallowProperty(key) {
+    return function(obj) {
+      return obj == null ? void 0 : obj[key];
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Internal helper to obtain the `byteLength` property of an object.
+  var getByteLength = shallowProperty('byteLength');
+
+  // Internal helper to determine whether we should spend extensive checks against
+  // `ArrayBuffer` et al.
+  var isBufferLike = createSizePropertyCheck(getByteLength);
+
+  // Is a given value a typed array?
+  var typedArrayPattern = /\[object ((I|Ui)nt(8|16|32)|Float(32|64)|Uint8Clamped|Big(I|Ui)nt64)Array\]/;
+  function isTypedArray(obj) {
+    // `ArrayBuffer.isView` is the most future-proof, so use it when available.
+    // Otherwise, fall back on the above regular expression.
+    return nativeIsView ? (nativeIsView(obj) && !isDataView$1(obj)) :
+                  isBufferLike(obj) && typedArrayPattern.test(toString.call(obj));
+  }
+
+  var isTypedArray$1 = supportsArrayBuffer ? isTypedArray : constant(false);
+
+  // Internal helper to obtain the `length` property of an object.
+  var getLength = shallowProperty('length');
+
+  // Internal helper to create a simple lookup structure.
+  // `collectNonEnumProps` used to depend on `_.contains`, but this led to
+  // circular imports. `emulatedSet` is a one-off solution that only works for
+  // arrays of strings.
+  function emulatedSet(keys) {
+    var hash = {};
+    for (var l = keys.length, i = 0; i < l; ++i) hash[keys[i]] = true;
+    return {
+      contains: function(key) { return hash[key]; },
+      push: function(key) {
+        hash[key] = true;
+        return keys.push(key);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Internal helper. Checks `keys` for the presence of keys in IE < 9 that won't
+  // be iterated by `for key in ...` and thus missed. Extends `keys` in place if
+  // needed.
+  function collectNonEnumProps(obj, keys) {
+    keys = emulatedSet(keys);
+    var nonEnumIdx = nonEnumerableProps.length;
+    var constructor = obj.constructor;
+    var proto = isFunction$1(constructor) && constructor.prototype || ObjProto;
+
+    // Constructor is a special case.
+    var prop = 'constructor';
+    if (has$1(obj, prop) && !keys.contains(prop)) keys.push(prop);
+
+    while (nonEnumIdx--) {
+      prop = nonEnumerableProps[nonEnumIdx];
+      if (prop in obj && obj[prop] !== proto[prop] && !keys.contains(prop)) {
+        keys.push(prop);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Retrieve the names of an object's own properties.
+  // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Object.keys`.
+  function keys(obj) {
+    if (!isObject(obj)) return [];
+    if (nativeKeys) return nativeKeys(obj);
+    var keys = [];
+    for (var key in obj) if (has$1(obj, key)) keys.push(key);
+    // Ahem, IE < 9.
+    if (hasEnumBug) collectNonEnumProps(obj, keys);
+    return keys;
+  }
+
+  // Is a given array, string, or object empty?
+  // An "empty" object has no enumerable own-properties.
+  function isEmpty(obj) {
+    if (obj == null) return true;
+    // Skip the more expensive `toString`-based type checks if `obj` has no
+    // `.length`.
+    var length = getLength(obj);
+    if (typeof length == 'number' && (
+      isArray(obj) || isString(obj) || isArguments$1(obj)
+    )) return length === 0;
+    return getLength(keys(obj)) === 0;
+  }
+
+  // Returns whether an object has a given set of `key:value` pairs.
+  function isMatch(object, attrs) {
+    var _keys = keys(attrs), length = _keys.length;
+    if (object == null) return !length;
+    var obj = Object(object);
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      var key = _keys[i];
+      if (attrs[key] !== obj[key] || !(key in obj)) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // If Underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that can
+  // be used OO-style. This wrapper holds altered versions of all functions added
+  // through `_.mixin`. Wrapped objects may be chained.
+  function _$1(obj) {
+    if (obj instanceof _$1) return obj;
+    if (!(this instanceof _$1)) return new _$1(obj);
+    this._wrapped = obj;
+  }
+
+  _$1.VERSION = VERSION;
+
+  // Extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object.
+  _$1.prototype.value = function() {
+    return this._wrapped;
+  };
+
+  // Provide unwrapping proxies for some methods used in engine operations
+  // such as arithmetic and JSON stringification.
+  _$1.prototype.valueOf = _$1.prototype.toJSON = _$1.prototype.value;
+
+  _$1.prototype.toString = function() {
+    return String(this._wrapped);
+  };
+
+  // Internal function to wrap or shallow-copy an ArrayBuffer,
+  // typed array or DataView to a new view, reusing the buffer.
+  function toBufferView(bufferSource) {
+    return new Uint8Array(
+      bufferSource.buffer || bufferSource,
+      bufferSource.byteOffset || 0,
+      getByteLength(bufferSource)
+    );
+  }
+
+  // We use this string twice, so give it a name for minification.
+  var tagDataView = '[object DataView]';
+
+  // Internal recursive comparison function for `_.isEqual`.
+  function eq(a, b, aStack, bStack) {
+    // Identical objects are equal. `0 === -0`, but they aren't identical.
+    // See the [Harmony `egal` proposal](https://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:egal).
+    if (a === b) return a !== 0 || 1 / a === 1 / b;
+    // `null` or `undefined` only equal to itself (strict comparison).
+    if (a == null || b == null) return false;
+    // `NaN`s are equivalent, but non-reflexive.
+    if (a !== a) return b !== b;
+    // Exhaust primitive checks
+    var type = typeof a;
+    if (type !== 'function' && type !== 'object' && typeof b != 'object') return false;
+    return deepEq(a, b, aStack, bStack);
+  }
+
+  // Internal recursive comparison function for `_.isEqual`.
+  function deepEq(a, b, aStack, bStack) {
+    // Unwrap any wrapped objects.
+    if (a instanceof _$1) a = a._wrapped;
+    if (b instanceof _$1) b = b._wrapped;
+    // Compare `[[Class]]` names.
+    var className = toString.call(a);
+    if (className !== toString.call(b)) return false;
+    // Work around a bug in IE 10 - Edge 13.
+    if (hasStringTagBug && className == '[object Object]' && isDataView$1(a)) {
+      if (!isDataView$1(b)) return false;
+      className = tagDataView;
+    }
+    switch (className) {
+      // These types are compared by value.
+      case '[object RegExp]':
+        // RegExps are coerced to strings for comparison (Note: '' + /a/i === '/a/i')
+      case '[object String]':
+        // Primitives and their corresponding object wrappers are equivalent; thus, `"5"` is
+        // equivalent to `new String("5")`.
+        return '' + a === '' + b;
+      case '[object Number]':
+        // `NaN`s are equivalent, but non-reflexive.
+        // Object(NaN) is equivalent to NaN.
+        if (+a !== +a) return +b !== +b;
+        // An `egal` comparison is performed for other numeric values.
+        return +a === 0 ? 1 / +a === 1 / b : +a === +b;
+      case '[object Date]':
+      case '[object Boolean]':
+        // Coerce dates and booleans to numeric primitive values. Dates are compared by their
+        // millisecond representations. Note that invalid dates with millisecond representations
+        // of `NaN` are not equivalent.
+        return +a === +b;
+      case '[object Symbol]':
+        return SymbolProto.valueOf.call(a) === SymbolProto.valueOf.call(b);
+      case '[object ArrayBuffer]':
+      case tagDataView:
+        // Coerce to typed array so we can fall through.
+        return deepEq(toBufferView(a), toBufferView(b), aStack, bStack);
+    }
+
+    var areArrays = className === '[object Array]';
+    if (!areArrays && isTypedArray$1(a)) {
+        var byteLength = getByteLength(a);
+        if (byteLength !== getByteLength(b)) return false;
+        if (a.buffer === b.buffer && a.byteOffset === b.byteOffset) return true;
+        areArrays = true;
+    }
+    if (!areArrays) {
+      if (typeof a != 'object' || typeof b != 'object') return false;
+
+      // Objects with different constructors are not equivalent, but `Object`s or `Array`s
+      // from different frames are.
+      var aCtor = a.constructor, bCtor = b.constructor;
+      if (aCtor !== bCtor && !(isFunction$1(aCtor) && aCtor instanceof aCtor &&
+                               isFunction$1(bCtor) && bCtor instanceof bCtor)
+                          && ('constructor' in a && 'constructor' in b)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    // Assume equality for cyclic structures. The algorithm for detecting cyclic
+    // structures is adapted from ES 5.1 section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO`.
+
+    // Initializing stack of traversed objects.
+    // It's done here since we only need them for objects and arrays comparison.
+    aStack = aStack || [];
+    bStack = bStack || [];
+    var length = aStack.length;
+    while (length--) {
+      // Linear search. Performance is inversely proportional to the number of
+      // unique nested structures.
+      if (aStack[length] === a) return bStack[length] === b;
+    }
+
+    // Add the first object to the stack of traversed objects.
+    aStack.push(a);
+    bStack.push(b);
+
+    // Recursively compare objects and arrays.
+    if (areArrays) {
+      // Compare array lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary.
+      length = a.length;
+      if (length !== b.length) return false;
+      // Deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties.
+      while (length--) {
+        if (!eq(a[length], b[length], aStack, bStack)) return false;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Deep compare objects.
+      var _keys = keys(a), key;
+      length = _keys.length;
+      // Ensure that both objects contain the same number of properties before comparing deep equality.
+      if (keys(b).length !== length) return false;
+      while (length--) {
+        // Deep compare each member
+        key = _keys[length];
+        if (!(has$1(b, key) && eq(a[key], b[key], aStack, bStack))) return false;
+      }
+    }
+    // Remove the first object from the stack of traversed objects.
+    aStack.pop();
+    bStack.pop();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.
+  function isEqual(a, b) {
+    return eq(a, b);
+  }
+
+  // Retrieve all the enumerable property names of an object.
+  function allKeys(obj) {
+    if (!isObject(obj)) return [];
+    var keys = [];
+    for (var key in obj) keys.push(key);
+    // Ahem, IE < 9.
+    if (hasEnumBug) collectNonEnumProps(obj, keys);
+    return keys;
+  }
+
+  // Since the regular `Object.prototype.toString` type tests don't work for
+  // some types in IE 11, we use a fingerprinting heuristic instead, based
+  // on the methods. It's not great, but it's the best we got.
+  // The fingerprint method lists are defined below.
+  function ie11fingerprint(methods) {
+    var length = getLength(methods);
+    return function(obj) {
+      if (obj == null) return false;
+      // `Map`, `WeakMap` and `Set` have no enumerable keys.
+      var keys = allKeys(obj);
+      if (getLength(keys)) return false;
+      for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        if (!isFunction$1(obj[methods[i]])) return false;
+      }
+      // If we are testing against `WeakMap`, we need to ensure that
+      // `obj` doesn't have a `forEach` method in order to distinguish
+      // it from a regular `Map`.
+      return methods !== weakMapMethods || !isFunction$1(obj[forEachName]);
+    };
+  }
+
+  // In the interest of compact minification, we write
+  // each string in the fingerprints only once.
+  var forEachName = 'forEach',
+      hasName = 'has',
+      commonInit = ['clear', 'delete'],
+      mapTail = ['get', hasName, 'set'];
+
+  // `Map`, `WeakMap` and `Set` each have slightly different
+  // combinations of the above sublists.
+  var mapMethods = commonInit.concat(forEachName, mapTail),
+      weakMapMethods = commonInit.concat(mapTail),
+      setMethods = ['add'].concat(commonInit, forEachName, hasName);
+
+  var isMap = isIE11 ? ie11fingerprint(mapMethods) : tagTester('Map');
+
+  var isWeakMap = isIE11 ? ie11fingerprint(weakMapMethods) : tagTester('WeakMap');
+
+  var isSet = isIE11 ? ie11fingerprint(setMethods) : tagTester('Set');
+
+  var isWeakSet = tagTester('WeakSet');
+
+  // Retrieve the values of an object's properties.
+  function values(obj) {
+    var _keys = keys(obj);
+    var length = _keys.length;
+    var values = Array(length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      values[i] = obj[_keys[i]];
+    }
+    return values;
+  }
+
+  // Convert an object into a list of `[key, value]` pairs.
+  // The opposite of `_.object` with one argument.
+  function pairs(obj) {
+    var _keys = keys(obj);
+    var length = _keys.length;
+    var pairs = Array(length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      pairs[i] = [_keys[i], obj[_keys[i]]];
+    }
+    return pairs;
+  }
+
+  // Invert the keys and values of an object. The values must be serializable.
+  function invert(obj) {
+    var result = {};
+    var _keys = keys(obj);
+    for (var i = 0, length = _keys.length; i < length; i++) {
+      result[obj[_keys[i]]] = _keys[i];
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Return a sorted list of the function names available on the object.
+  function functions(obj) {
+    var names = [];
+    for (var key in obj) {
+      if (isFunction$1(obj[key])) names.push(key);
+    }
+    return names.sort();
+  }
+
+  // An internal function for creating assigner functions.
+  function createAssigner(keysFunc, defaults) {
+    return function(obj) {
+      var length = arguments.length;
+      if (defaults) obj = Object(obj);
+      if (length < 2 || obj == null) return obj;
+      for (var index = 1; index < length; index++) {
+        var source = arguments[index],
+            keys = keysFunc(source),
+            l = keys.length;
+        for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+          var key = keys[i];
+          if (!defaults || obj[key] === void 0) obj[key] = source[key];
+        }
+      }
+      return obj;
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Extend a given object with all the properties in passed-in object(s).
+  var extend = createAssigner(allKeys);
+
+  // Assigns a given object with all the own properties in the passed-in
+  // object(s).
+  // (https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/assign)
+  var extendOwn = createAssigner(keys);
+
+  // Fill in a given object with default properties.
+  var defaults = createAssigner(allKeys, true);
+
+  // Create a naked function reference for surrogate-prototype-swapping.
+  function ctor() {
+    return function(){};
+  }
+
+  // An internal function for creating a new object that inherits from another.
+  function baseCreate(prototype) {
+    if (!isObject(prototype)) return {};
+    if (nativeCreate) return nativeCreate(prototype);
+    var Ctor = ctor();
+    Ctor.prototype = prototype;
+    var result = new Ctor;
+    Ctor.prototype = null;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Creates an object that inherits from the given prototype object.
+  // If additional properties are provided then they will be added to the
+  // created object.
+  function create(prototype, props) {
+    var result = baseCreate(prototype);
+    if (props) extendOwn(result, props);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object.
+  function clone(obj) {
+    if (!isObject(obj)) return obj;
+    return isArray(obj) ? obj.slice() : extend({}, obj);
+  }
+
+  // Invokes `interceptor` with the `obj` and then returns `obj`.
+  // The primary purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain, in
+  // order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.
+  function tap(obj, interceptor) {
+    interceptor(obj);
+    return obj;
+  }
+
+  // Normalize a (deep) property `path` to array.
+  // Like `_.iteratee`, this function can be customized.
+  function toPath$1(path) {
+    return isArray(path) ? path : [path];
+  }
+  _$1.toPath = toPath$1;
+
+  // Internal wrapper for `_.toPath` to enable minification.
+  // Similar to `cb` for `_.iteratee`.
+  function toPath(path) {
+    return _$1.toPath(path);
+  }
+
+  // Internal function to obtain a nested property in `obj` along `path`.
+  function deepGet(obj, path) {
+    var length = path.length;
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      if (obj == null) return void 0;
+      obj = obj[path[i]];
+    }
+    return length ? obj : void 0;
+  }
+
+  // Get the value of the (deep) property on `path` from `object`.
+  // If any property in `path` does not exist or if the value is
+  // `undefined`, return `defaultValue` instead.
+  // The `path` is normalized through `_.toPath`.
+  function get(object, path, defaultValue) {
+    var value = deepGet(object, toPath(path));
+    return isUndefined(value) ? defaultValue : value;
+  }
+
+  // Shortcut function for checking if an object has a given property directly on
+  // itself (in other words, not on a prototype). Unlike the internal `has`
+  // function, this public version can also traverse nested properties.
+  function has(obj, path) {
+    path = toPath(path);
+    var length = path.length;
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      var key = path[i];
+      if (!has$1(obj, key)) return false;
+      obj = obj[key];
+    }
+    return !!length;
+  }
+
+  // Keep the identity function around for default iteratees.
+  function identity(value) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  // Returns a predicate for checking whether an object has a given set of
+  // `key:value` pairs.
+  function matcher(attrs) {
+    attrs = extendOwn({}, attrs);
+    return function(obj) {
+      return isMatch(obj, attrs);
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Creates a function that, when passed an object, will traverse that object’s
+  // properties down the given `path`, specified as an array of keys or indices.
+  function property(path) {
+    path = toPath(path);
+    return function(obj) {
+      return deepGet(obj, path);
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Internal function that returns an efficient (for current engines) version
+  // of the passed-in callback, to be repeatedly applied in other Underscore
+  // functions.
+  function optimizeCb(func, context, argCount) {
+    if (context === void 0) return func;
+    switch (argCount == null ? 3 : argCount) {
+      case 1: return function(value) {
+        return func.call(context, value);
+      };
+      // The 2-argument case is omitted because we’re not using it.
+      case 3: return function(value, index, collection) {
+        return func.call(context, value, index, collection);
+      };
+      case 4: return function(accumulator, value, index, collection) {
+        return func.call(context, accumulator, value, index, collection);
+      };
+    }
+    return function() {
+      return func.apply(context, arguments);
+    };
+  }
+
+  // An internal function to generate callbacks that can be applied to each
+  // element in a collection, returning the desired result — either `_.identity`,
+  // an arbitrary callback, a property matcher, or a property accessor.
+  function baseIteratee(value, context, argCount) {
+    if (value == null) return identity;
+    if (isFunction$1(value)) return optimizeCb(value, context, argCount);
+    if (isObject(value) && !isArray(value)) return matcher(value);
+    return property(value);
+  }
+
+  // External wrapper for our callback generator. Users may customize
+  // `_.iteratee` if they want additional predicate/iteratee shorthand styles.
+  // This abstraction hides the internal-only `argCount` argument.
+  function iteratee(value, context) {
+    return baseIteratee(value, context, Infinity);
+  }
+  _$1.iteratee = iteratee;
+
+  // The function we call internally to generate a callback. It invokes
+  // `_.iteratee` if overridden, otherwise `baseIteratee`.
+  function cb(value, context, argCount) {
+    if (_$1.iteratee !== iteratee) return _$1.iteratee(value, context);
+    return baseIteratee(value, context, argCount);
+  }
+
+  // Returns the results of applying the `iteratee` to each element of `obj`.
+  // In contrast to `_.map` it returns an object.
+  function mapObject(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
+    var _keys = keys(obj),
+        length = _keys.length,
+        results = {};
+    for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+      var currentKey = _keys[index];
+      results[currentKey] = iteratee(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
+    }
+    return results;
+  }
+
+  // Predicate-generating function. Often useful outside of Underscore.
+  function noop(){}
+
+  // Generates a function for a given object that returns a given property.
+  function propertyOf(obj) {
+    if (obj == null) return noop;
+    return function(path) {
+      return get(obj, path);
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Run a function **n** times.
+  function times(n, iteratee, context) {
+    var accum = Array(Math.max(0, n));
+    iteratee = optimizeCb(iteratee, context, 1);
+    for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) accum[i] = iteratee(i);
+    return accum;
+  }
+
+  // Return a random integer between `min` and `max` (inclusive).
+  function random(min, max) {
+    if (max == null) {
+      max = min;
+      min = 0;
+    }
+    return min + Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1));
+  }
+
+  // A (possibly faster) way to get the current timestamp as an integer.
+  var now = Date.now || function() {
+    return new Date().getTime();
+  };
+
+  // Internal helper to generate functions for escaping and unescaping strings
+  // to/from HTML interpolation.
+  function createEscaper(map) {
+    var escaper = function(match) {
+      return map[match];
+    };
+    // Regexes for identifying a key that needs to be escaped.
+    var source = '(?:' + keys(map).join('|') + ')';
+    var testRegexp = RegExp(source);
+    var replaceRegexp = RegExp(source, 'g');
+    return function(string) {
+      string = string == null ? '' : '' + string;
+      return testRegexp.test(string) ? string.replace(replaceRegexp, escaper) : string;
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Internal list of HTML entities for escaping.
+  var escapeMap = {
+    '&': '&amp;',
+    '<': '&lt;',
+    '>': '&gt;',
+    '"': '&quot;',
+    "'": '&#x27;',
+    '`': '&#x60;'
+  };
+
+  // Function for escaping strings to HTML interpolation.
+  var _escape = createEscaper(escapeMap);
+
+  // Internal list of HTML entities for unescaping.
+  var unescapeMap = invert(escapeMap);
+
+  // Function for unescaping strings from HTML interpolation.
+  var _unescape = createEscaper(unescapeMap);
+
+  // By default, Underscore uses ERB-style template delimiters. Change the
+  // following template settings to use alternative delimiters.
+  var templateSettings = _$1.templateSettings = {
+    evaluate: /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+    interpolate: /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+    escape: /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g
+  };
+
+  // When customizing `_.templateSettings`, if you don't want to define an
+  // interpolation, evaluation or escaping regex, we need one that is
+  // guaranteed not to match.
+  var noMatch = /(.)^/;
+
+  // Certain characters need to be escaped so that they can be put into a
+  // string literal.
+  var escapes = {
+    "'": "'",
+    '\\': '\\',
+    '\r': 'r',
+    '\n': 'n',
+    '\u2028': 'u2028',
+    '\u2029': 'u2029'
+  };
+
+  var escapeRegExp = /\\|'|\r|\n|\u2028|\u2029/g;
+
+  function escapeChar(match) {
+    return '\\' + escapes[match];
+  }
+
+  // In order to prevent third-party code injection through
+  // `_.templateSettings.variable`, we test it against the following regular
+  // expression. It is intentionally a bit more liberal than just matching valid
+  // identifiers, but still prevents possible loopholes through defaults or
+  // destructuring assignment.
+  var bareIdentifier = /^\s*(\w|\$)+\s*$/;
+
+  // JavaScript micro-templating, similar to John Resig's implementation.
+  // Underscore templating handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves whitespace,
+  // and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
+  // NB: `oldSettings` only exists for backwards compatibility.
+  function template(text, settings, oldSettings) {
+    if (!settings && oldSettings) settings = oldSettings;
+    settings = defaults({}, settings, _$1.templateSettings);
+
+    // Combine delimiters into one regular expression via alternation.
+    var matcher = RegExp([
+      (settings.escape || noMatch).source,
+      (settings.interpolate || noMatch).source,
+      (settings.evaluate || noMatch).source
+    ].join('|') + '|$', 'g');
+
+    // Compile the template source, escaping string literals appropriately.
+    var index = 0;
+    var source = "__p+='";
+    text.replace(matcher, function(match, escape, interpolate, evaluate, offset) {
+      source += text.slice(index, offset).replace(escapeRegExp, escapeChar);
+      index = offset + match.length;
+
+      if (escape) {
+        source += "'+\n((__t=(" + escape + "))==null?'':_.escape(__t))+\n'";
+      } else if (interpolate) {
+        source += "'+\n((__t=(" + interpolate + "))==null?'':__t)+\n'";
+      } else if (evaluate) {
+        source += "';\n" + evaluate + "\n__p+='";
+      }
+
+      // Adobe VMs need the match returned to produce the correct offset.
+      return match;
+    });
+    source += "';\n";
+
+    var argument = settings.variable;
+    if (argument) {
+      // Insure against third-party code injection. (CVE-2021-23358)
+      if (!bareIdentifier.test(argument)) throw new Error(
+        'variable is not a bare identifier: ' + argument
+      );
+    } else {
+      // If a variable is not specified, place data values in local scope.
+      source = 'with(obj||{}){\n' + source + '}\n';
+      argument = 'obj';
+    }
+
+    source = "var __t,__p='',__j=Array.prototype.join," +
+      "print=function(){__p+=__j.call(arguments,'');};\n" +
+      source + 'return __p;\n';
+
+    var render;
+    try {
+      render = new Function(argument, '_', source);
+    } catch (e) {
+      e.source = source;
+      throw e;
+    }
+
+    var template = function(data) {
+      return render.call(this, data, _$1);
+    };
+
+    // Provide the compiled source as a convenience for precompilation.
+    template.source = 'function(' + argument + '){\n' + source + '}';
+
+    return template;
+  }
+
+  // Traverses the children of `obj` along `path`. If a child is a function, it
+  // is invoked with its parent as context. Returns the value of the final
+  // child, or `fallback` if any child is undefined.
+  function result(obj, path, fallback) {
+    path = toPath(path);
+    var length = path.length;
+    if (!length) {
+      return isFunction$1(fallback) ? fallback.call(obj) : fallback;
+    }
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      var prop = obj == null ? void 0 : obj[path[i]];
+      if (prop === void 0) {
+        prop = fallback;
+        i = length; // Ensure we don't continue iterating.
+      }
+      obj = isFunction$1(prop) ? prop.call(obj) : prop;
+    }
+    return obj;
+  }
+
+  // Generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session).
+  // Useful for temporary DOM ids.
+  var idCounter = 0;
+  function uniqueId(prefix) {
+    var id = ++idCounter + '';
+    return prefix ? prefix + id : id;
+  }
+
+  // Start chaining a wrapped Underscore object.
+  function chain(obj) {
+    var instance = _$1(obj);
+    instance._chain = true;
+    return instance;
+  }
+
+  // Internal function to execute `sourceFunc` bound to `context` with optional
+  // `args`. Determines whether to execute a function as a constructor or as a
+  // normal function.
+  function executeBound(sourceFunc, boundFunc, context, callingContext, args) {
+    if (!(callingContext instanceof boundFunc)) return sourceFunc.apply(context, args);
+    var self = baseCreate(sourceFunc.prototype);
+    var result = sourceFunc.apply(self, args);
+    if (isObject(result)) return result;
+    return self;
+  }
+
+  // Partially apply a function by creating a version that has had some of its
+  // arguments pre-filled, without changing its dynamic `this` context. `_` acts
+  // as a placeholder by default, allowing any combination of arguments to be
+  // pre-filled. Set `_.partial.placeholder` for a custom placeholder argument.
+  var partial = restArguments(function(func, boundArgs) {
+    var placeholder = partial.placeholder;
+    var bound = function() {
+      var position = 0, length = boundArgs.length;
+      var args = Array(length);
+      for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        args[i] = boundArgs[i] === placeholder ? arguments[position++] : boundArgs[i];
+      }
+      while (position < arguments.length) args.push(arguments[position++]);
+      return executeBound(func, bound, this, this, args);
+    };
+    return bound;
+  });
+
+  partial.placeholder = _$1;
+
+  // Create a function bound to a given object (assigning `this`, and arguments,
+  // optionally).
+  var bind = restArguments(function(func, context, args) {
+    if (!isFunction$1(func)) throw new TypeError('Bind must be called on a function');
+    var bound = restArguments(function(callArgs) {
+      return executeBound(func, bound, context, this, args.concat(callArgs));
+    });
+    return bound;
+  });
+
+  // Internal helper for collection methods to determine whether a collection
+  // should be iterated as an array or as an object.
+  // Related: https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-tolength
+  // Avoids a very nasty iOS 8 JIT bug on ARM-64. #2094
+  var isArrayLike = createSizePropertyCheck(getLength);
+
+  // Internal implementation of a recursive `flatten` function.
+  function flatten$1(input, depth, strict, output) {
+    output = output || [];
+    if (!depth && depth !== 0) {
+      depth = Infinity;
+    } else if (depth <= 0) {
+      return output.concat(input);
+    }
+    var idx = output.length;
+    for (var i = 0, length = getLength(input); i < length; i++) {
+      var value = input[i];
+      if (isArrayLike(value) && (isArray(value) || isArguments$1(value))) {
+        // Flatten current level of array or arguments object.
+        if (depth > 1) {
+          flatten$1(value, depth - 1, strict, output);
+          idx = output.length;
+        } else {
+          var j = 0, len = value.length;
+          while (j < len) output[idx++] = value[j++];
+        }
+      } else if (!strict) {
+        output[idx++] = value;
+      }
+    }
+    return output;
+  }
+
+  // Bind a number of an object's methods to that object. Remaining arguments
+  // are the method names to be bound. Useful for ensuring that all callbacks
+  // defined on an object belong to it.
+  var bindAll = restArguments(function(obj, keys) {
+    keys = flatten$1(keys, false, false);
+    var index = keys.length;
+    if (index < 1) throw new Error('bindAll must be passed function names');
+    while (index--) {
+      var key = keys[index];
+      obj[key] = bind(obj[key], obj);
+    }
+    return obj;
+  });
+
+  // Memoize an expensive function by storing its results.
+  function memoize(func, hasher) {
+    var memoize = function(key) {
+      var cache = memoize.cache;
+      var address = '' + (hasher ? hasher.apply(this, arguments) : key);
+      if (!has$1(cache, address)) cache[address] = func.apply(this, arguments);
+      return cache[address];
+    };
+    memoize.cache = {};
+    return memoize;
+  }
+
+  // Delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls
+  // it with the arguments supplied.
+  var delay = restArguments(function(func, wait, args) {
+    return setTimeout(function() {
+      return func.apply(null, args);
+    }, wait);
+  });
+
+  // Defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has
+  // cleared.
+  var defer = partial(delay, _$1, 1);
+
+  // Returns a function, that, when invoked, will only be triggered at most once
+  // during a given window of time. Normally, the throttled function will run
+  // as much as it can, without ever going more than once per `wait` duration;
+  // but if you'd like to disable the execution on the leading edge, pass
+  // `{leading: false}`. To disable execution on the trailing edge, ditto.
+  function throttle(func, wait, options) {
+    var timeout, context, args, result;
+    var previous = 0;
+    if (!options) options = {};
+
+    var later = function() {
+      previous = options.leading === false ? 0 : now();
+      timeout = null;
+      result = func.apply(context, args);
+      if (!timeout) context = args = null;
+    };
+
+    var throttled = function() {
+      var _now = now();
+      if (!previous && options.leading === false) previous = _now;
+      var remaining = wait - (_now - previous);
+      context = this;
+      args = arguments;
+      if (remaining <= 0 || remaining > wait) {
+        if (timeout) {
+          clearTimeout(timeout);
+          timeout = null;
+        }
+        previous = _now;
+        result = func.apply(context, args);
+        if (!timeout) context = args = null;
+      } else if (!timeout && options.trailing !== false) {
+        timeout = setTimeout(later, remaining);
+      }
+      return result;
+    };
+
+    throttled.cancel = function() {
+      clearTimeout(timeout);
+      previous = 0;
+      timeout = context = args = null;
+    };
+
+    return throttled;
+  }
+
+  // When a sequence of calls of the returned function ends, the argument
+  // function is triggered. The end of a sequence is defined by the `wait`
+  // parameter. If `immediate` is passed, the argument function will be
+  // triggered at the beginning of the sequence instead of at the end.
+  function debounce(func, wait, immediate) {
+    var timeout, previous, args, result, context;
+
+    var later = function() {
+      var passed = now() - previous;
+      if (wait > passed) {
+        timeout = setTimeout(later, wait - passed);
+      } else {
+        timeout = null;
+        if (!immediate) result = func.apply(context, args);
+        // This check is needed because `func` can recursively invoke `debounced`.
+        if (!timeout) args = context = null;
+      }
+    };
+
+    var debounced = restArguments(function(_args) {
+      context = this;
+      args = _args;
+      previous = now();
+      if (!timeout) {
+        timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
+        if (immediate) result = func.apply(context, args);
+      }
+      return result;
+    });
+
+    debounced.cancel = function() {
+      clearTimeout(timeout);
+      timeout = args = context = null;
+    };
+
+    return debounced;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the first function passed as an argument to the second,
+  // allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and
+  // conditionally execute the original function.
+  function wrap(func, wrapper) {
+    return partial(wrapper, func);
+  }
+
+  // Returns a negated version of the passed-in predicate.
+  function negate(predicate) {
+    return function() {
+      return !predicate.apply(this, arguments);
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each
+  // consuming the return value of the function that follows.
+  function compose() {
+    var args = arguments;
+    var start = args.length - 1;
+    return function() {
+      var i = start;
+      var result = args[start].apply(this, arguments);
+      while (i--) result = args[i].call(this, result);
+      return result;
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Returns a function that will only be executed on and after the Nth call.
+  function after(times, func) {
+    return function() {
+      if (--times < 1) {
+        return func.apply(this, arguments);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Returns a function that will only be executed up to (but not including) the
+  // Nth call.
+  function before(times, func) {
+    var memo;
+    return function() {
+      if (--times > 0) {
+        memo = func.apply(this, arguments);
+      }
+      if (times <= 1) func = null;
+      return memo;
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Returns a function that will be executed at most one time, no matter how
+  // often you call it. Useful for lazy initialization.
+  var once = partial(before, 2);
+
+  // Returns the first key on an object that passes a truth test.
+  function findKey(obj, predicate, context) {
+    predicate = cb(predicate, context);
+    var _keys = keys(obj), key;
+    for (var i = 0, length = _keys.length; i < length; i++) {
+      key = _keys[i];
+      if (predicate(obj[key], key, obj)) return key;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Internal function to generate `_.findIndex` and `_.findLastIndex`.
+  function createPredicateIndexFinder(dir) {
+    return function(array, predicate, context) {
+      predicate = cb(predicate, context);
+      var length = getLength(array);
+      var index = dir > 0 ? 0 : length - 1;
+      for (; index >= 0 && index < length; index += dir) {
+        if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) return index;
+      }
+      return -1;
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Returns the first index on an array-like that passes a truth test.
+  var findIndex = createPredicateIndexFinder(1);
+
+  // Returns the last index on an array-like that passes a truth test.
+  var findLastIndex = createPredicateIndexFinder(-1);
+
+  // Use a comparator function to figure out the smallest index at which
+  // an object should be inserted so as to maintain order. Uses binary search.
+  function sortedIndex(array, obj, iteratee, context) {
+    iteratee = cb(iteratee, context, 1);
+    var value = iteratee(obj);
+    var low = 0, high = getLength(array);
+    while (low < high) {
+      var mid = Math.floor((low + high) / 2);
+      if (iteratee(array[mid]) < value) low = mid + 1; else high = mid;
+    }
+    return low;
+  }
+
+  // Internal function to generate the `_.indexOf` and `_.lastIndexOf` functions.
+  function createIndexFinder(dir, predicateFind, sortedIndex) {
+    return function(array, item, idx) {
+      var i = 0, length = getLength(array);
+      if (typeof idx == 'number') {
+        if (dir > 0) {
+          i = idx >= 0 ? idx : Math.max(idx + length, i);
+        } else {
+          length = idx >= 0 ? Math.min(idx + 1, length) : idx + length + 1;
+        }
+      } else if (sortedIndex && idx && length) {
+        idx = sortedIndex(array, item);
+        return array[idx] === item ? idx : -1;
+      }
+      if (item !== item) {
+        idx = predicateFind(slice.call(array, i, length), isNaN$1);
+        return idx >= 0 ? idx + i : -1;
+      }
+      for (idx = dir > 0 ? i : length - 1; idx >= 0 && idx < length; idx += dir) {
+        if (array[idx] === item) return idx;
+      }
+      return -1;
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Return the position of the first occurrence of an item in an array,
+  // or -1 if the item is not included in the array.
+  // If the array is large and already in sort order, pass `true`
+  // for **isSorted** to use binary search.
+  var indexOf = createIndexFinder(1, findIndex, sortedIndex);
+
+  // Return the position of the last occurrence of an item in an array,
+  // or -1 if the item is not included in the array.
+  var lastIndexOf = createIndexFinder(-1, findLastIndex);
+
+  // Return the first value which passes a truth test.
+  function find(obj, predicate, context) {
+    var keyFinder = isArrayLike(obj) ? findIndex : findKey;
+    var key = keyFinder(obj, predicate, context);
+    if (key !== void 0 && key !== -1) return obj[key];
+  }
+
+  // Convenience version of a common use case of `_.find`: getting the first
+  // object containing specific `key:value` pairs.
+  function findWhere(obj, attrs) {
+    return find(obj, matcher(attrs));
+  }
+
+  // The cornerstone for collection functions, an `each`
+  // implementation, aka `forEach`.
+  // Handles raw objects in addition to array-likes. Treats all
+  // sparse array-likes as if they were dense.
+  function each(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    iteratee = optimizeCb(iteratee, context);
+    var i, length;
+    if (isArrayLike(obj)) {
+      for (i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) {
+        iteratee(obj[i], i, obj);
+      }
+    } else {
+      var _keys = keys(obj);
+      for (i = 0, length = _keys.length; i < length; i++) {
+        iteratee(obj[_keys[i]], _keys[i], obj);
+      }
+    }
+    return obj;
+  }
+
+  // Return the results of applying the iteratee to each element.
+  function map(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
+    var _keys = !isArrayLike(obj) && keys(obj),
+        length = (_keys || obj).length,
+        results = Array(length);
+    for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+      var currentKey = _keys ? _keys[index] : index;
+      results[index] = iteratee(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
+    }
+    return results;
+  }
+
+  // Internal helper to create a reducing function, iterating left or right.
+  function createReduce(dir) {
+    // Wrap code that reassigns argument variables in a separate function than
+    // the one that accesses `arguments.length` to avoid a perf hit. (#1991)
+    var reducer = function(obj, iteratee, memo, initial) {
+      var _keys = !isArrayLike(obj) && keys(obj),
+          length = (_keys || obj).length,
+          index = dir > 0 ? 0 : length - 1;
+      if (!initial) {
+        memo = obj[_keys ? _keys[index] : index];
+        index += dir;
+      }
+      for (; index >= 0 && index < length; index += dir) {
+        var currentKey = _keys ? _keys[index] : index;
+        memo = iteratee(memo, obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
+      }
+      return memo;
+    };
+
+    return function(obj, iteratee, memo, context) {
+      var initial = arguments.length >= 3;
+      return reducer(obj, optimizeCb(iteratee, context, 4), memo, initial);
+    };
+  }
+
+  // **Reduce** builds up a single result from a list of values, aka `inject`,
+  // or `foldl`.
+  var reduce = createReduce(1);
+
+  // The right-associative version of reduce, also known as `foldr`.
+  var reduceRight = createReduce(-1);
+
+  // Return all the elements that pass a truth test.
+  function filter(obj, predicate, context) {
+    var results = [];
+    predicate = cb(predicate, context);
+    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      if (predicate(value, index, list)) results.push(value);
+    });
+    return results;
+  }
+
+  // Return all the elements for which a truth test fails.
+  function reject(obj, predicate, context) {
+    return filter(obj, negate(cb(predicate)), context);
+  }
+
+  // Determine whether all of the elements pass a truth test.
+  function every(obj, predicate, context) {
+    predicate = cb(predicate, context);
+    var _keys = !isArrayLike(obj) && keys(obj),
+        length = (_keys || obj).length;
+    for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+      var currentKey = _keys ? _keys[index] : index;
+      if (!predicate(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj)) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Determine if at least one element in the object passes a truth test.
+  function some(obj, predicate, context) {
+    predicate = cb(predicate, context);
+    var _keys = !isArrayLike(obj) && keys(obj),
+        length = (_keys || obj).length;
+    for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+      var currentKey = _keys ? _keys[index] : index;
+      if (predicate(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj)) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Determine if the array or object contains a given item (using `===`).
+  function contains(obj, item, fromIndex, guard) {
+    if (!isArrayLike(obj)) obj = values(obj);
+    if (typeof fromIndex != 'number' || guard) fromIndex = 0;
+    return indexOf(obj, item, fromIndex) >= 0;
+  }
+
+  // Invoke a method (with arguments) on every item in a collection.
+  var invoke = restArguments(function(obj, path, args) {
+    var contextPath, func;
+    if (isFunction$1(path)) {
+      func = path;
+    } else {
+      path = toPath(path);
+      contextPath = path.slice(0, -1);
+      path = path[path.length - 1];
+    }
+    return map(obj, function(context) {
+      var method = func;
+      if (!method) {
+        if (contextPath && contextPath.length) {
+          context = deepGet(context, contextPath);
+        }
+        if (context == null) return void 0;
+        method = context[path];
+      }
+      return method == null ? method : method.apply(context, args);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // Convenience version of a common use case of `_.map`: fetching a property.
+  function pluck(obj, key) {
+    return map(obj, property(key));
+  }
+
+  // Convenience version of a common use case of `_.filter`: selecting only
+  // objects containing specific `key:value` pairs.
+  function where(obj, attrs) {
+    return filter(obj, matcher(attrs));
+  }
+
+  // Return the maximum element (or element-based computation).
+  function max(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    var result = -Infinity, lastComputed = -Infinity,
+        value, computed;
+    if (iteratee == null || typeof iteratee == 'number' && typeof obj[0] != 'object' && obj != null) {
+      obj = isArrayLike(obj) ? obj : values(obj);
+      for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) {
+        value = obj[i];
+        if (value != null && value > result) {
+          result = value;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
+      each(obj, function(v, index, list) {
+        computed = iteratee(v, index, list);
+        if (computed > lastComputed || computed === -Infinity && result === -Infinity) {
+          result = v;
+          lastComputed = computed;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Return the minimum element (or element-based computation).
+  function min(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    var result = Infinity, lastComputed = Infinity,
+        value, computed;
+    if (iteratee == null || typeof iteratee == 'number' && typeof obj[0] != 'object' && obj != null) {
+      obj = isArrayLike(obj) ? obj : values(obj);
+      for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) {
+        value = obj[i];
+        if (value != null && value < result) {
+          result = value;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
+      each(obj, function(v, index, list) {
+        computed = iteratee(v, index, list);
+        if (computed < lastComputed || computed === Infinity && result === Infinity) {
+          result = v;
+          lastComputed = computed;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Sample **n** random values from a collection using the modern version of the
+  // [Fisher-Yates shuffle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher–Yates_shuffle).
+  // If **n** is not specified, returns a single random element.
+  // The internal `guard` argument allows it to work with `_.map`.
+  function sample(obj, n, guard) {
+    if (n == null || guard) {
+      if (!isArrayLike(obj)) obj = values(obj);
+      return obj[random(obj.length - 1)];
+    }
+    var sample = isArrayLike(obj) ? clone(obj) : values(obj);
+    var length = getLength(sample);
+    n = Math.max(Math.min(n, length), 0);
+    var last = length - 1;
+    for (var index = 0; index < n; index++) {
+      var rand = random(index, last);
+      var temp = sample[index];
+      sample[index] = sample[rand];
+      sample[rand] = temp;
+    }
+    return sample.slice(0, n);
+  }
+
+  // Shuffle a collection.
+  function shuffle(obj) {
+    return sample(obj, Infinity);
+  }
+
+  // Sort the object's values by a criterion produced by an iteratee.
+  function sortBy(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    var index = 0;
+    iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
+    return pluck(map(obj, function(value, key, list) {
+      return {
+        value: value,
+        index: index++,
+        criteria: iteratee(value, key, list)
+      };
+    }).sort(function(left, right) {
+      var a = left.criteria;
+      var b = right.criteria;
+      if (a !== b) {
+        if (a > b || a === void 0) return 1;
+        if (a < b || b === void 0) return -1;
+      }
+      return left.index - right.index;
+    }), 'value');
+  }
+
+  // An internal function used for aggregate "group by" operations.
+  function group(behavior, partition) {
+    return function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+      var result = partition ? [[], []] : {};
+      iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
+      each(obj, function(value, index) {
+        var key = iteratee(value, index, obj);
+        behavior(result, value, key);
+      });
+      return result;
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Groups the object's values by a criterion. Pass either a string attribute
+  // to group by, or a function that returns the criterion.
+  var groupBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
+    if (has$1(result, key)) result[key].push(value); else result[key] = [value];
+  });
+
+  // Indexes the object's values by a criterion, similar to `_.groupBy`, but for
+  // when you know that your index values will be unique.
+  var indexBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
+    result[key] = value;
+  });
+
+  // Counts instances of an object that group by a certain criterion. Pass
+  // either a string attribute to count by, or a function that returns the
+  // criterion.
+  var countBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
+    if (has$1(result, key)) result[key]++; else result[key] = 1;
+  });
+
+  // Split a collection into two arrays: one whose elements all pass the given
+  // truth test, and one whose elements all do not pass the truth test.
+  var partition = group(function(result, value, pass) {
+    result[pass ? 0 : 1].push(value);
+  }, true);
+
+  // Safely create a real, live array from anything iterable.
+  var reStrSymbol = /[^\ud800-\udfff]|[\ud800-\udbff][\udc00-\udfff]|[\ud800-\udfff]/g;
+  function toArray(obj) {
+    if (!obj) return [];
+    if (isArray(obj)) return slice.call(obj);
+    if (isString(obj)) {
+      // Keep surrogate pair characters together.
+      return obj.match(reStrSymbol);
+    }
+    if (isArrayLike(obj)) return map(obj, identity);
+    return values(obj);
+  }
+
+  // Return the number of elements in a collection.
+  function size(obj) {
+    if (obj == null) return 0;
+    return isArrayLike(obj) ? obj.length : keys(obj).length;
+  }
+
+  // Internal `_.pick` helper function to determine whether `key` is an enumerable
+  // property name of `obj`.
+  function keyInObj(value, key, obj) {
+    return key in obj;
+  }
+
+  // Return a copy of the object only containing the allowed properties.
+  var pick = restArguments(function(obj, keys) {
+    var result = {}, iteratee = keys[0];
+    if (obj == null) return result;
+    if (isFunction$1(iteratee)) {
+      if (keys.length > 1) iteratee = optimizeCb(iteratee, keys[1]);
+      keys = allKeys(obj);
+    } else {
+      iteratee = keyInObj;
+      keys = flatten$1(keys, false, false);
+      obj = Object(obj);
+    }
+    for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
+      var key = keys[i];
+      var value = obj[key];
+      if (iteratee(value, key, obj)) result[key] = value;
+    }
+    return result;
+  });
+
+  // Return a copy of the object without the disallowed properties.
+  var omit = restArguments(function(obj, keys) {
+    var iteratee = keys[0], context;
+    if (isFunction$1(iteratee)) {
+      iteratee = negate(iteratee);
+      if (keys.length > 1) context = keys[1];
+    } else {
+      keys = map(flatten$1(keys, false, false), String);
+      iteratee = function(value, key) {
+        return !contains(keys, key);
+      };
+    }
+    return pick(obj, iteratee, context);
+  });
+
+  // Returns everything but the last entry of the array. Especially useful on
+  // the arguments object. Passing **n** will return all the values in
+  // the array, excluding the last N.
+  function initial(array, n, guard) {
+    return slice.call(array, 0, Math.max(0, array.length - (n == null || guard ? 1 : n)));
+  }
+
+  // Get the first element of an array. Passing **n** will return the first N
+  // values in the array. The **guard** check allows it to work with `_.map`.
+  function first(array, n, guard) {
+    if (array == null || array.length < 1) return n == null || guard ? void 0 : [];
+    if (n == null || guard) return array[0];
+    return initial(array, array.length - n);
+  }
+
+  // Returns everything but the first entry of the `array`. Especially useful on
+  // the `arguments` object. Passing an **n** will return the rest N values in the
+  // `array`.
+  function rest(array, n, guard) {
+    return slice.call(array, n == null || guard ? 1 : n);
+  }
+
+  // Get the last element of an array. Passing **n** will return the last N
+  // values in the array.
+  function last(array, n, guard) {
+    if (array == null || array.length < 1) return n == null || guard ? void 0 : [];
+    if (n == null || guard) return array[array.length - 1];
+    return rest(array, Math.max(0, array.length - n));
+  }
+
+  // Trim out all falsy values from an array.
+  function compact(array) {
+    return filter(array, Boolean);
+  }
+
+  // Flatten out an array, either recursively (by default), or up to `depth`.
+  // Passing `true` or `false` as `depth` means `1` or `Infinity`, respectively.
+  function flatten(array, depth) {
+    return flatten$1(array, depth, false);
+  }
+
+  // Take the difference between one array and a number of other arrays.
+  // Only the elements present in just the first array will remain.
+  var difference = restArguments(function(array, rest) {
+    rest = flatten$1(rest, true, true);
+    return filter(array, function(value){
+      return !contains(rest, value);
+    });
+  });
+
+  // Return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s).
+  var without = restArguments(function(array, otherArrays) {
+    return difference(array, otherArrays);
+  });
+
+  // Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already
+  // been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm.
+  // The faster algorithm will not work with an iteratee if the iteratee
+  // is not a one-to-one function, so providing an iteratee will disable
+  // the faster algorithm.
+  function uniq(array, isSorted, iteratee, context) {
+    if (!isBoolean(isSorted)) {
+      context = iteratee;
+      iteratee = isSorted;
+      isSorted = false;
+    }
+    if (iteratee != null) iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
+    var result = [];
+    var seen = [];
+    for (var i = 0, length = getLength(array); i < length; i++) {
+      var value = array[i],
+          computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value, i, array) : value;
+      if (isSorted && !iteratee) {
+        if (!i || seen !== computed) result.push(value);
+        seen = computed;
+      } else if (iteratee) {
+        if (!contains(seen, computed)) {
+          seen.push(computed);
+          result.push(value);
+        }
+      } else if (!contains(result, value)) {
+        result.push(value);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Produce an array that contains the union: each distinct element from all of
+  // the passed-in arrays.
+  var union = restArguments(function(arrays) {
+    return uniq(flatten$1(arrays, true, true));
+  });
+
+  // Produce an array that contains every item shared between all the
+  // passed-in arrays.
+  function intersection(array) {
+    var result = [];
+    var argsLength = arguments.length;
+    for (var i = 0, length = getLength(array); i < length; i++) {
+      var item = array[i];
+      if (contains(result, item)) continue;
+      var j;
+      for (j = 1; j < argsLength; j++) {
+        if (!contains(arguments[j], item)) break;
+      }
+      if (j === argsLength) result.push(item);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Complement of zip. Unzip accepts an array of arrays and groups
+  // each array's elements on shared indices.
+  function unzip(array) {
+    var length = array && max(array, getLength).length || 0;
+    var result = Array(length);
+
+    for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+      result[index] = pluck(array, index);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Zip together multiple lists into a single array -- elements that share
+  // an index go together.
+  var zip = restArguments(unzip);
+
+  // Converts lists into objects. Pass either a single array of `[key, value]`
+  // pairs, or two parallel arrays of the same length -- one of keys, and one of
+  // the corresponding values. Passing by pairs is the reverse of `_.pairs`.
+  function object(list, values) {
+    var result = {};
+    for (var i = 0, length = getLength(list); i < length; i++) {
+      if (values) {
+        result[list[i]] = values[i];
+      } else {
+        result[list[i][0]] = list[i][1];
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Generate an integer Array containing an arithmetic progression. A port of
+  // the native Python `range()` function. See
+  // [the Python documentation](https://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range).
+  function range(start, stop, step) {
+    if (stop == null) {
+      stop = start || 0;
+      start = 0;
+    }
+    if (!step) {
+      step = stop < start ? -1 : 1;
+    }
+
+    var length = Math.max(Math.ceil((stop - start) / step), 0);
+    var range = Array(length);
+
+    for (var idx = 0; idx < length; idx++, start += step) {
+      range[idx] = start;
+    }
+
+    return range;
+  }
+
+  // Chunk a single array into multiple arrays, each containing `count` or fewer
+  // items.
+  function chunk(array, count) {
+    if (count == null || count < 1) return [];
+    var result = [];
+    var i = 0, length = array.length;
+    while (i < length) {
+      result.push(slice.call(array, i, i += count));
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Helper function to continue chaining intermediate results.
+  function chainResult(instance, obj) {
+    return instance._chain ? _$1(obj).chain() : obj;
+  }
+
+  // Add your own custom functions to the Underscore object.
+  function mixin(obj) {
+    each(functions(obj), function(name) {
+      var func = _$1[name] = obj[name];
+      _$1.prototype[name] = function() {
+        var args = [this._wrapped];
+        push.apply(args, arguments);
+        return chainResult(this, func.apply(_$1, args));
+      };
+    });
+    return _$1;
+  }
+
+  // Add all mutator `Array` functions to the wrapper.
+  each(['pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift'], function(name) {
+    var method = ArrayProto[name];
+    _$1.prototype[name] = function() {
+      var obj = this._wrapped;
+      if (obj != null) {
+        method.apply(obj, arguments);
+        if ((name === 'shift' || name === 'splice') && obj.length === 0) {
+          delete obj[0];
+        }
+      }
+      return chainResult(this, obj);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Add all accessor `Array` functions to the wrapper.
+  each(['concat', 'join', 'slice'], function(name) {
+    var method = ArrayProto[name];
+    _$1.prototype[name] = function() {
+      var obj = this._wrapped;
+      if (obj != null) obj = method.apply(obj, arguments);
+      return chainResult(this, obj);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Named Exports
+
+  var allExports = {
+    __proto__: null,
+    VERSION: VERSION,
+    restArguments: restArguments,
+    isObject: isObject,
+    isNull: isNull,
+    isUndefined: isUndefined,
+    isBoolean: isBoolean,
+    isElement: isElement,
+    isString: isString,
+    isNumber: isNumber,
+    isDate: isDate,
+    isRegExp: isRegExp,
+    isError: isError,
+    isSymbol: isSymbol,
+    isArrayBuffer: isArrayBuffer,
+    isDataView: isDataView$1,
+    isArray: isArray,
+    isFunction: isFunction$1,
+    isArguments: isArguments$1,
+    isFinite: isFinite$1,
+    isNaN: isNaN$1,
+    isTypedArray: isTypedArray$1,
+    isEmpty: isEmpty,
+    isMatch: isMatch,
+    isEqual: isEqual,
+    isMap: isMap,
+    isWeakMap: isWeakMap,
+    isSet: isSet,
+    isWeakSet: isWeakSet,
+    keys: keys,
+    allKeys: allKeys,
+    values: values,
+    pairs: pairs,
+    invert: invert,
+    functions: functions,
+    methods: functions,
+    extend: extend,
+    extendOwn: extendOwn,
+    assign: extendOwn,
+    defaults: defaults,
+    create: create,
+    clone: clone,
+    tap: tap,
+    get: get,
+    has: has,
+    mapObject: mapObject,
+    identity: identity,
+    constant: constant,
+    noop: noop,
+    toPath: toPath$1,
+    property: property,
+    propertyOf: propertyOf,
+    matcher: matcher,
+    matches: matcher,
+    times: times,
+    random: random,
+    now: now,
+    escape: _escape,
+    unescape: _unescape,
+    templateSettings: templateSettings,
+    template: template,
+    result: result,
+    uniqueId: uniqueId,
+    chain: chain,
+    iteratee: iteratee,
+    partial: partial,
+    bind: bind,
+    bindAll: bindAll,
+    memoize: memoize,
+    delay: delay,
+    defer: defer,
+    throttle: throttle,
+    debounce: debounce,
+    wrap: wrap,
+    negate: negate,
+    compose: compose,
+    after: after,
+    before: before,
+    once: once,
+    findKey: findKey,
+    findIndex: findIndex,
+    findLastIndex: findLastIndex,
+    sortedIndex: sortedIndex,
+    indexOf: indexOf,
+    lastIndexOf: lastIndexOf,
+    find: find,
+    detect: find,
+    findWhere: findWhere,
+    each: each,
+    forEach: each,
+    map: map,
+    collect: map,
+    reduce: reduce,
+    foldl: reduce,
+    inject: reduce,
+    reduceRight: reduceRight,
+    foldr: reduceRight,
+    filter: filter,
+    select: filter,
+    reject: reject,
+    every: every,
+    all: every,
+    some: some,
+    any: some,
+    contains: contains,
+    includes: contains,
+    include: contains,
+    invoke: invoke,
+    pluck: pluck,
+    where: where,
+    max: max,
+    min: min,
+    shuffle: shuffle,
+    sample: sample,
+    sortBy: sortBy,
+    groupBy: groupBy,
+    indexBy: indexBy,
+    countBy: countBy,
+    partition: partition,
+    toArray: toArray,
+    size: size,
+    pick: pick,
+    omit: omit,
+    first: first,
+    head: first,
+    take: first,
+    initial: initial,
+    last: last,
+    rest: rest,
+    tail: rest,
+    drop: rest,
+    compact: compact,
+    flatten: flatten,
+    without: without,
+    uniq: uniq,
+    unique: uniq,
+    union: union,
+    intersection: intersection,
+    difference: difference,
+    unzip: unzip,
+    transpose: unzip,
+    zip: zip,
+    object: object,
+    range: range,
+    chunk: chunk,
+    mixin: mixin,
+    'default': _$1
+  };
+
+  // Default Export
+
+  // Add all of the Underscore functions to the wrapper object.
+  var _ = mixin(allExports);
+  // Legacy Node.js API.
+  _._ = _;
+
+  return _;
+
+})));
+//# sourceMappingURL=underscore-umd.js.map
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/underscore.js python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/underscore.js
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/_static/underscore.js	2021-12-16 01:20:18.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/_static/underscore.js	2022-09-24 12:16:10.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,2042 +1,6 @@
-(function (global, factory) {
-  typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? module.exports = factory() :
-  typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define('underscore', factory) :
-  (global = typeof globalThis !== 'undefined' ? globalThis : global || self, (function () {
-    var current = global._;
-    var exports = global._ = factory();
-    exports.noConflict = function () { global._ = current; return exports; };
-  }()));
-}(this, (function () {
-  //     Underscore.js 1.13.2
-  //     https://underscorejs.org
-  //     (c) 2009-2021 Jeremy Ashkenas, Julian Gonggrijp, and DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
-  //     Underscore may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
-
-  // Current version.
-  var VERSION = '1.13.2';
-
-  // Establish the root object, `window` (`self`) in the browser, `global`
-  // on the server, or `this` in some virtual machines. We use `self`
-  // instead of `window` for `WebWorker` support.
-  var root = typeof self == 'object' && self.self === self && self ||
-            typeof global == 'object' && global.global === global && global ||
-            Function('return this')() ||
-            {};
-
-  // Save bytes in the minified (but not gzipped) version:
-  var ArrayProto = Array.prototype, ObjProto = Object.prototype;
-  var SymbolProto = typeof Symbol !== 'undefined' ? Symbol.prototype : null;
-
-  // Create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes.
-  var push = ArrayProto.push,
-      slice = ArrayProto.slice,
-      toString = ObjProto.toString,
-      hasOwnProperty = ObjProto.hasOwnProperty;
-
-  // Modern feature detection.
-  var supportsArrayBuffer = typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined',
-      supportsDataView = typeof DataView !== 'undefined';
-
-  // All **ECMAScript 5+** native function implementations that we hope to use
-  // are declared here.
-  var nativeIsArray = Array.isArray,
-      nativeKeys = Object.keys,
-      nativeCreate = Object.create,
-      nativeIsView = supportsArrayBuffer && ArrayBuffer.isView;
-
-  // Create references to these builtin functions because we override them.
-  var _isNaN = isNaN,
-      _isFinite = isFinite;
-
-  // Keys in IE < 9 that won't be iterated by `for key in ...` and thus missed.
-  var hasEnumBug = !{toString: null}.propertyIsEnumerable('toString');
-  var nonEnumerableProps = ['valueOf', 'isPrototypeOf', 'toString',
-    'propertyIsEnumerable', 'hasOwnProperty', 'toLocaleString'];
-
-  // The largest integer that can be represented exactly.
-  var MAX_ARRAY_INDEX = Math.pow(2, 53) - 1;
-
-  // Some functions take a variable number of arguments, or a few expected
-  // arguments at the beginning and then a variable number of values to operate
-  // on. This helper accumulates all remaining arguments past the function’s
-  // argument length (or an explicit `startIndex`), into an array that becomes
-  // the last argument. Similar to ES6’s "rest parameter".
-  function restArguments(func, startIndex) {
-    startIndex = startIndex == null ? func.length - 1 : +startIndex;
-    return function() {
-      var length = Math.max(arguments.length - startIndex, 0),
-          rest = Array(length),
-          index = 0;
-      for (; index < length; index++) {
-        rest[index] = arguments[index + startIndex];
-      }
-      switch (startIndex) {
-        case 0: return func.call(this, rest);
-        case 1: return func.call(this, arguments[0], rest);
-        case 2: return func.call(this, arguments[0], arguments[1], rest);
-      }
-      var args = Array(startIndex + 1);
-      for (index = 0; index < startIndex; index++) {
-        args[index] = arguments[index];
-      }
-      args[startIndex] = rest;
-      return func.apply(this, args);
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Is a given variable an object?
-  function isObject(obj) {
-    var type = typeof obj;
-    return type === 'function' || type === 'object' && !!obj;
-  }
-
-  // Is a given value equal to null?
-  function isNull(obj) {
-    return obj === null;
-  }
-
-  // Is a given variable undefined?
-  function isUndefined(obj) {
-    return obj === void 0;
-  }
-
-  // Is a given value a boolean?
-  function isBoolean(obj) {
-    return obj === true || obj === false || toString.call(obj) === '[object Boolean]';
-  }
-
-  // Is a given value a DOM element?
-  function isElement(obj) {
-    return !!(obj && obj.nodeType === 1);
-  }
-
-  // Internal function for creating a `toString`-based type tester.
-  function tagTester(name) {
-    var tag = '[object ' + name + ']';
-    return function(obj) {
-      return toString.call(obj) === tag;
-    };
-  }
-
-  var isString = tagTester('String');
-
-  var isNumber = tagTester('Number');
-
-  var isDate = tagTester('Date');
-
-  var isRegExp = tagTester('RegExp');
-
-  var isError = tagTester('Error');
-
-  var isSymbol = tagTester('Symbol');
-
-  var isArrayBuffer = tagTester('ArrayBuffer');
-
-  var isFunction = tagTester('Function');
-
-  // Optimize `isFunction` if appropriate. Work around some `typeof` bugs in old
-  // v8, IE 11 (#1621), Safari 8 (#1929), and PhantomJS (#2236).
-  var nodelist = root.document && root.document.childNodes;
-  if (typeof /./ != 'function' && typeof Int8Array != 'object' && typeof nodelist != 'function') {
-    isFunction = function(obj) {
-      return typeof obj == 'function' || false;
-    };
-  }
-
-  var isFunction$1 = isFunction;
-
-  var hasObjectTag = tagTester('Object');
-
-  // In IE 10 - Edge 13, `DataView` has string tag `'[object Object]'`.
-  // In IE 11, the most common among them, this problem also applies to
-  // `Map`, `WeakMap` and `Set`.
-  var hasStringTagBug = (
-        supportsDataView && hasObjectTag(new DataView(new ArrayBuffer(8)))
-      ),
-      isIE11 = (typeof Map !== 'undefined' && hasObjectTag(new Map));
-
-  var isDataView = tagTester('DataView');
-
-  // In IE 10 - Edge 13, we need a different heuristic
-  // to determine whether an object is a `DataView`.
-  function ie10IsDataView(obj) {
-    return obj != null && isFunction$1(obj.getInt8) && isArrayBuffer(obj.buffer);
-  }
-
-  var isDataView$1 = (hasStringTagBug ? ie10IsDataView : isDataView);
-
-  // Is a given value an array?
-  // Delegates to ECMA5's native `Array.isArray`.
-  var isArray = nativeIsArray || tagTester('Array');
-
-  // Internal function to check whether `key` is an own property name of `obj`.
-  function has$1(obj, key) {
-    return obj != null && hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key);
-  }
-
-  var isArguments = tagTester('Arguments');
-
-  // Define a fallback version of the method in browsers (ahem, IE < 9), where
-  // there isn't any inspectable "Arguments" type.
-  (function() {
-    if (!isArguments(arguments)) {
-      isArguments = function(obj) {
-        return has$1(obj, 'callee');
-      };
-    }
-  }());
-
-  var isArguments$1 = isArguments;
-
-  // Is a given object a finite number?
-  function isFinite$1(obj) {
-    return !isSymbol(obj) && _isFinite(obj) && !isNaN(parseFloat(obj));
-  }
-
-  // Is the given value `NaN`?
-  function isNaN$1(obj) {
-    return isNumber(obj) && _isNaN(obj);
-  }
-
-  // Predicate-generating function. Often useful outside of Underscore.
-  function constant(value) {
-    return function() {
-      return value;
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Common internal logic for `isArrayLike` and `isBufferLike`.
-  function createSizePropertyCheck(getSizeProperty) {
-    return function(collection) {
-      var sizeProperty = getSizeProperty(collection);
-      return typeof sizeProperty == 'number' && sizeProperty >= 0 && sizeProperty <= MAX_ARRAY_INDEX;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Internal helper to generate a function to obtain property `key` from `obj`.
-  function shallowProperty(key) {
-    return function(obj) {
-      return obj == null ? void 0 : obj[key];
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Internal helper to obtain the `byteLength` property of an object.
-  var getByteLength = shallowProperty('byteLength');
-
-  // Internal helper to determine whether we should spend extensive checks against
-  // `ArrayBuffer` et al.
-  var isBufferLike = createSizePropertyCheck(getByteLength);
-
-  // Is a given value a typed array?
-  var typedArrayPattern = /\[object ((I|Ui)nt(8|16|32)|Float(32|64)|Uint8Clamped|Big(I|Ui)nt64)Array\]/;
-  function isTypedArray(obj) {
-    // `ArrayBuffer.isView` is the most future-proof, so use it when available.
-    // Otherwise, fall back on the above regular expression.
-    return nativeIsView ? (nativeIsView(obj) && !isDataView$1(obj)) :
-                  isBufferLike(obj) && typedArrayPattern.test(toString.call(obj));
-  }
-
-  var isTypedArray$1 = supportsArrayBuffer ? isTypedArray : constant(false);
-
-  // Internal helper to obtain the `length` property of an object.
-  var getLength = shallowProperty('length');
-
-  // Internal helper to create a simple lookup structure.
-  // `collectNonEnumProps` used to depend on `_.contains`, but this led to
-  // circular imports. `emulatedSet` is a one-off solution that only works for
-  // arrays of strings.
-  function emulatedSet(keys) {
-    var hash = {};
-    for (var l = keys.length, i = 0; i < l; ++i) hash[keys[i]] = true;
-    return {
-      contains: function(key) { return hash[key] === true; },
-      push: function(key) {
-        hash[key] = true;
-        return keys.push(key);
-      }
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Internal helper. Checks `keys` for the presence of keys in IE < 9 that won't
-  // be iterated by `for key in ...` and thus missed. Extends `keys` in place if
-  // needed.
-  function collectNonEnumProps(obj, keys) {
-    keys = emulatedSet(keys);
-    var nonEnumIdx = nonEnumerableProps.length;
-    var constructor = obj.constructor;
-    var proto = isFunction$1(constructor) && constructor.prototype || ObjProto;
-
-    // Constructor is a special case.
-    var prop = 'constructor';
-    if (has$1(obj, prop) && !keys.contains(prop)) keys.push(prop);
-
-    while (nonEnumIdx--) {
-      prop = nonEnumerableProps[nonEnumIdx];
-      if (prop in obj && obj[prop] !== proto[prop] && !keys.contains(prop)) {
-        keys.push(prop);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Retrieve the names of an object's own properties.
-  // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Object.keys`.
-  function keys(obj) {
-    if (!isObject(obj)) return [];
-    if (nativeKeys) return nativeKeys(obj);
-    var keys = [];
-    for (var key in obj) if (has$1(obj, key)) keys.push(key);
-    // Ahem, IE < 9.
-    if (hasEnumBug) collectNonEnumProps(obj, keys);
-    return keys;
-  }
-
-  // Is a given array, string, or object empty?
-  // An "empty" object has no enumerable own-properties.
-  function isEmpty(obj) {
-    if (obj == null) return true;
-    // Skip the more expensive `toString`-based type checks if `obj` has no
-    // `.length`.
-    var length = getLength(obj);
-    if (typeof length == 'number' && (
-      isArray(obj) || isString(obj) || isArguments$1(obj)
-    )) return length === 0;
-    return getLength(keys(obj)) === 0;
-  }
-
-  // Returns whether an object has a given set of `key:value` pairs.
-  function isMatch(object, attrs) {
-    var _keys = keys(attrs), length = _keys.length;
-    if (object == null) return !length;
-    var obj = Object(object);
-    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-      var key = _keys[i];
-      if (attrs[key] !== obj[key] || !(key in obj)) return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  // If Underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that can
-  // be used OO-style. This wrapper holds altered versions of all functions added
-  // through `_.mixin`. Wrapped objects may be chained.
-  function _$1(obj) {
-    if (obj instanceof _$1) return obj;
-    if (!(this instanceof _$1)) return new _$1(obj);
-    this._wrapped = obj;
-  }
-
-  _$1.VERSION = VERSION;
-
-  // Extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object.
-  _$1.prototype.value = function() {
-    return this._wrapped;
-  };
-
-  // Provide unwrapping proxies for some methods used in engine operations
-  // such as arithmetic and JSON stringification.
-  _$1.prototype.valueOf = _$1.prototype.toJSON = _$1.prototype.value;
-
-  _$1.prototype.toString = function() {
-    return String(this._wrapped);
-  };
-
-  // Internal function to wrap or shallow-copy an ArrayBuffer,
-  // typed array or DataView to a new view, reusing the buffer.
-  function toBufferView(bufferSource) {
-    return new Uint8Array(
-      bufferSource.buffer || bufferSource,
-      bufferSource.byteOffset || 0,
-      getByteLength(bufferSource)
-    );
-  }
-
-  // We use this string twice, so give it a name for minification.
-  var tagDataView = '[object DataView]';
-
-  // Internal recursive comparison function for `_.isEqual`.
-  function eq(a, b, aStack, bStack) {
-    // Identical objects are equal. `0 === -0`, but they aren't identical.
-    // See the [Harmony `egal` proposal](https://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:egal).
-    if (a === b) return a !== 0 || 1 / a === 1 / b;
-    // `null` or `undefined` only equal to itself (strict comparison).
-    if (a == null || b == null) return false;
-    // `NaN`s are equivalent, but non-reflexive.
-    if (a !== a) return b !== b;
-    // Exhaust primitive checks
-    var type = typeof a;
-    if (type !== 'function' && type !== 'object' && typeof b != 'object') return false;
-    return deepEq(a, b, aStack, bStack);
-  }
-
-  // Internal recursive comparison function for `_.isEqual`.
-  function deepEq(a, b, aStack, bStack) {
-    // Unwrap any wrapped objects.
-    if (a instanceof _$1) a = a._wrapped;
-    if (b instanceof _$1) b = b._wrapped;
-    // Compare `[[Class]]` names.
-    var className = toString.call(a);
-    if (className !== toString.call(b)) return false;
-    // Work around a bug in IE 10 - Edge 13.
-    if (hasStringTagBug && className == '[object Object]' && isDataView$1(a)) {
-      if (!isDataView$1(b)) return false;
-      className = tagDataView;
-    }
-    switch (className) {
-      // These types are compared by value.
-      case '[object RegExp]':
-        // RegExps are coerced to strings for comparison (Note: '' + /a/i === '/a/i')
-      case '[object String]':
-        // Primitives and their corresponding object wrappers are equivalent; thus, `"5"` is
-        // equivalent to `new String("5")`.
-        return '' + a === '' + b;
-      case '[object Number]':
-        // `NaN`s are equivalent, but non-reflexive.
-        // Object(NaN) is equivalent to NaN.
-        if (+a !== +a) return +b !== +b;
-        // An `egal` comparison is performed for other numeric values.
-        return +a === 0 ? 1 / +a === 1 / b : +a === +b;
-      case '[object Date]':
-      case '[object Boolean]':
-        // Coerce dates and booleans to numeric primitive values. Dates are compared by their
-        // millisecond representations. Note that invalid dates with millisecond representations
-        // of `NaN` are not equivalent.
-        return +a === +b;
-      case '[object Symbol]':
-        return SymbolProto.valueOf.call(a) === SymbolProto.valueOf.call(b);
-      case '[object ArrayBuffer]':
-      case tagDataView:
-        // Coerce to typed array so we can fall through.
-        return deepEq(toBufferView(a), toBufferView(b), aStack, bStack);
-    }
-
-    var areArrays = className === '[object Array]';
-    if (!areArrays && isTypedArray$1(a)) {
-        var byteLength = getByteLength(a);
-        if (byteLength !== getByteLength(b)) return false;
-        if (a.buffer === b.buffer && a.byteOffset === b.byteOffset) return true;
-        areArrays = true;
-    }
-    if (!areArrays) {
-      if (typeof a != 'object' || typeof b != 'object') return false;
-
-      // Objects with different constructors are not equivalent, but `Object`s or `Array`s
-      // from different frames are.
-      var aCtor = a.constructor, bCtor = b.constructor;
-      if (aCtor !== bCtor && !(isFunction$1(aCtor) && aCtor instanceof aCtor &&
-                               isFunction$1(bCtor) && bCtor instanceof bCtor)
-                          && ('constructor' in a && 'constructor' in b)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    // Assume equality for cyclic structures. The algorithm for detecting cyclic
-    // structures is adapted from ES 5.1 section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO`.
-
-    // Initializing stack of traversed objects.
-    // It's done here since we only need them for objects and arrays comparison.
-    aStack = aStack || [];
-    bStack = bStack || [];
-    var length = aStack.length;
-    while (length--) {
-      // Linear search. Performance is inversely proportional to the number of
-      // unique nested structures.
-      if (aStack[length] === a) return bStack[length] === b;
-    }
-
-    // Add the first object to the stack of traversed objects.
-    aStack.push(a);
-    bStack.push(b);
-
-    // Recursively compare objects and arrays.
-    if (areArrays) {
-      // Compare array lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary.
-      length = a.length;
-      if (length !== b.length) return false;
-      // Deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties.
-      while (length--) {
-        if (!eq(a[length], b[length], aStack, bStack)) return false;
-      }
-    } else {
-      // Deep compare objects.
-      var _keys = keys(a), key;
-      length = _keys.length;
-      // Ensure that both objects contain the same number of properties before comparing deep equality.
-      if (keys(b).length !== length) return false;
-      while (length--) {
-        // Deep compare each member
-        key = _keys[length];
-        if (!(has$1(b, key) && eq(a[key], b[key], aStack, bStack))) return false;
-      }
-    }
-    // Remove the first object from the stack of traversed objects.
-    aStack.pop();
-    bStack.pop();
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  // Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.
-  function isEqual(a, b) {
-    return eq(a, b);
-  }
-
-  // Retrieve all the enumerable property names of an object.
-  function allKeys(obj) {
-    if (!isObject(obj)) return [];
-    var keys = [];
-    for (var key in obj) keys.push(key);
-    // Ahem, IE < 9.
-    if (hasEnumBug) collectNonEnumProps(obj, keys);
-    return keys;
-  }
-
-  // Since the regular `Object.prototype.toString` type tests don't work for
-  // some types in IE 11, we use a fingerprinting heuristic instead, based
-  // on the methods. It's not great, but it's the best we got.
-  // The fingerprint method lists are defined below.
-  function ie11fingerprint(methods) {
-    var length = getLength(methods);
-    return function(obj) {
-      if (obj == null) return false;
-      // `Map`, `WeakMap` and `Set` have no enumerable keys.
-      var keys = allKeys(obj);
-      if (getLength(keys)) return false;
-      for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-        if (!isFunction$1(obj[methods[i]])) return false;
-      }
-      // If we are testing against `WeakMap`, we need to ensure that
-      // `obj` doesn't have a `forEach` method in order to distinguish
-      // it from a regular `Map`.
-      return methods !== weakMapMethods || !isFunction$1(obj[forEachName]);
-    };
-  }
-
-  // In the interest of compact minification, we write
-  // each string in the fingerprints only once.
-  var forEachName = 'forEach',
-      hasName = 'has',
-      commonInit = ['clear', 'delete'],
-      mapTail = ['get', hasName, 'set'];
-
-  // `Map`, `WeakMap` and `Set` each have slightly different
-  // combinations of the above sublists.
-  var mapMethods = commonInit.concat(forEachName, mapTail),
-      weakMapMethods = commonInit.concat(mapTail),
-      setMethods = ['add'].concat(commonInit, forEachName, hasName);
-
-  var isMap = isIE11 ? ie11fingerprint(mapMethods) : tagTester('Map');
-
-  var isWeakMap = isIE11 ? ie11fingerprint(weakMapMethods) : tagTester('WeakMap');
-
-  var isSet = isIE11 ? ie11fingerprint(setMethods) : tagTester('Set');
-
-  var isWeakSet = tagTester('WeakSet');
-
-  // Retrieve the values of an object's properties.
-  function values(obj) {
-    var _keys = keys(obj);
-    var length = _keys.length;
-    var values = Array(length);
-    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-      values[i] = obj[_keys[i]];
-    }
-    return values;
-  }
-
-  // Convert an object into a list of `[key, value]` pairs.
-  // The opposite of `_.object` with one argument.
-  function pairs(obj) {
-    var _keys = keys(obj);
-    var length = _keys.length;
-    var pairs = Array(length);
-    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-      pairs[i] = [_keys[i], obj[_keys[i]]];
-    }
-    return pairs;
-  }
-
-  // Invert the keys and values of an object. The values must be serializable.
-  function invert(obj) {
-    var result = {};
-    var _keys = keys(obj);
-    for (var i = 0, length = _keys.length; i < length; i++) {
-      result[obj[_keys[i]]] = _keys[i];
-    }
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  // Return a sorted list of the function names available on the object.
-  function functions(obj) {
-    var names = [];
-    for (var key in obj) {
-      if (isFunction$1(obj[key])) names.push(key);
-    }
-    return names.sort();
-  }
-
-  // An internal function for creating assigner functions.
-  function createAssigner(keysFunc, defaults) {
-    return function(obj) {
-      var length = arguments.length;
-      if (defaults) obj = Object(obj);
-      if (length < 2 || obj == null) return obj;
-      for (var index = 1; index < length; index++) {
-        var source = arguments[index],
-            keys = keysFunc(source),
-            l = keys.length;
-        for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-          var key = keys[i];
-          if (!defaults || obj[key] === void 0) obj[key] = source[key];
-        }
-      }
-      return obj;
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Extend a given object with all the properties in passed-in object(s).
-  var extend = createAssigner(allKeys);
-
-  // Assigns a given object with all the own properties in the passed-in
-  // object(s).
-  // (https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/assign)
-  var extendOwn = createAssigner(keys);
-
-  // Fill in a given object with default properties.
-  var defaults = createAssigner(allKeys, true);
-
-  // Create a naked function reference for surrogate-prototype-swapping.
-  function ctor() {
-    return function(){};
-  }
-
-  // An internal function for creating a new object that inherits from another.
-  function baseCreate(prototype) {
-    if (!isObject(prototype)) return {};
-    if (nativeCreate) return nativeCreate(prototype);
-    var Ctor = ctor();
-    Ctor.prototype = prototype;
-    var result = new Ctor;
-    Ctor.prototype = null;
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  // Creates an object that inherits from the given prototype object.
-  // If additional properties are provided then they will be added to the
-  // created object.
-  function create(prototype, props) {
-    var result = baseCreate(prototype);
-    if (props) extendOwn(result, props);
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  // Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object.
-  function clone(obj) {
-    if (!isObject(obj)) return obj;
-    return isArray(obj) ? obj.slice() : extend({}, obj);
-  }
-
-  // Invokes `interceptor` with the `obj` and then returns `obj`.
-  // The primary purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain, in
-  // order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.
-  function tap(obj, interceptor) {
-    interceptor(obj);
-    return obj;
-  }
-
-  // Normalize a (deep) property `path` to array.
-  // Like `_.iteratee`, this function can be customized.
-  function toPath$1(path) {
-    return isArray(path) ? path : [path];
-  }
-  _$1.toPath = toPath$1;
-
-  // Internal wrapper for `_.toPath` to enable minification.
-  // Similar to `cb` for `_.iteratee`.
-  function toPath(path) {
-    return _$1.toPath(path);
-  }
-
-  // Internal function to obtain a nested property in `obj` along `path`.
-  function deepGet(obj, path) {
-    var length = path.length;
-    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-      if (obj == null) return void 0;
-      obj = obj[path[i]];
-    }
-    return length ? obj : void 0;
-  }
-
-  // Get the value of the (deep) property on `path` from `object`.
-  // If any property in `path` does not exist or if the value is
-  // `undefined`, return `defaultValue` instead.
-  // The `path` is normalized through `_.toPath`.
-  function get(object, path, defaultValue) {
-    var value = deepGet(object, toPath(path));
-    return isUndefined(value) ? defaultValue : value;
-  }
-
-  // Shortcut function for checking if an object has a given property directly on
-  // itself (in other words, not on a prototype). Unlike the internal `has`
-  // function, this public version can also traverse nested properties.
-  function has(obj, path) {
-    path = toPath(path);
-    var length = path.length;
-    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-      var key = path[i];
-      if (!has$1(obj, key)) return false;
-      obj = obj[key];
-    }
-    return !!length;
-  }
-
-  // Keep the identity function around for default iteratees.
-  function identity(value) {
-    return value;
-  }
-
-  // Returns a predicate for checking whether an object has a given set of
-  // `key:value` pairs.
-  function matcher(attrs) {
-    attrs = extendOwn({}, attrs);
-    return function(obj) {
-      return isMatch(obj, attrs);
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Creates a function that, when passed an object, will traverse that object’s
-  // properties down the given `path`, specified as an array of keys or indices.
-  function property(path) {
-    path = toPath(path);
-    return function(obj) {
-      return deepGet(obj, path);
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Internal function that returns an efficient (for current engines) version
-  // of the passed-in callback, to be repeatedly applied in other Underscore
-  // functions.
-  function optimizeCb(func, context, argCount) {
-    if (context === void 0) return func;
-    switch (argCount == null ? 3 : argCount) {
-      case 1: return function(value) {
-        return func.call(context, value);
-      };
-      // The 2-argument case is omitted because we’re not using it.
-      case 3: return function(value, index, collection) {
-        return func.call(context, value, index, collection);
-      };
-      case 4: return function(accumulator, value, index, collection) {
-        return func.call(context, accumulator, value, index, collection);
-      };
-    }
-    return function() {
-      return func.apply(context, arguments);
-    };
-  }
-
-  // An internal function to generate callbacks that can be applied to each
-  // element in a collection, returning the desired result — either `_.identity`,
-  // an arbitrary callback, a property matcher, or a property accessor.
-  function baseIteratee(value, context, argCount) {
-    if (value == null) return identity;
-    if (isFunction$1(value)) return optimizeCb(value, context, argCount);
-    if (isObject(value) && !isArray(value)) return matcher(value);
-    return property(value);
-  }
-
-  // External wrapper for our callback generator. Users may customize
-  // `_.iteratee` if they want additional predicate/iteratee shorthand styles.
-  // This abstraction hides the internal-only `argCount` argument.
-  function iteratee(value, context) {
-    return baseIteratee(value, context, Infinity);
-  }
-  _$1.iteratee = iteratee;
-
-  // The function we call internally to generate a callback. It invokes
-  // `_.iteratee` if overridden, otherwise `baseIteratee`.
-  function cb(value, context, argCount) {
-    if (_$1.iteratee !== iteratee) return _$1.iteratee(value, context);
-    return baseIteratee(value, context, argCount);
-  }
-
-  // Returns the results of applying the `iteratee` to each element of `obj`.
-  // In contrast to `_.map` it returns an object.
-  function mapObject(obj, iteratee, context) {
-    iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
-    var _keys = keys(obj),
-        length = _keys.length,
-        results = {};
-    for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) {
-      var currentKey = _keys[index];
-      results[currentKey] = iteratee(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
-    }
-    return results;
-  }
-
-  // Predicate-generating function. Often useful outside of Underscore.
-  function noop(){}
-
-  // Generates a function for a given object that returns a given property.
-  function propertyOf(obj) {
-    if (obj == null) return noop;
-    return function(path) {
-      return get(obj, path);
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Run a function **n** times.
-  function times(n, iteratee, context) {
-    var accum = Array(Math.max(0, n));
-    iteratee = optimizeCb(iteratee, context, 1);
-    for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) accum[i] = iteratee(i);
-    return accum;
-  }
-
-  // Return a random integer between `min` and `max` (inclusive).
-  function random(min, max) {
-    if (max == null) {
-      max = min;
-      min = 0;
-    }
-    return min + Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1));
-  }
-
-  // A (possibly faster) way to get the current timestamp as an integer.
-  var now = Date.now || function() {
-    return new Date().getTime();
-  };
-
-  // Internal helper to generate functions for escaping and unescaping strings
-  // to/from HTML interpolation.
-  function createEscaper(map) {
-    var escaper = function(match) {
-      return map[match];
-    };
-    // Regexes for identifying a key that needs to be escaped.
-    var source = '(?:' + keys(map).join('|') + ')';
-    var testRegexp = RegExp(source);
-    var replaceRegexp = RegExp(source, 'g');
-    return function(string) {
-      string = string == null ? '' : '' + string;
-      return testRegexp.test(string) ? string.replace(replaceRegexp, escaper) : string;
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Internal list of HTML entities for escaping.
-  var escapeMap = {
-    '&': '&amp;',
-    '<': '&lt;',
-    '>': '&gt;',
-    '"': '&quot;',
-    "'": '&#x27;',
-    '`': '&#x60;'
-  };
-
-  // Function for escaping strings to HTML interpolation.
-  var _escape = createEscaper(escapeMap);
-
-  // Internal list of HTML entities for unescaping.
-  var unescapeMap = invert(escapeMap);
-
-  // Function for unescaping strings from HTML interpolation.
-  var _unescape = createEscaper(unescapeMap);
-
-  // By default, Underscore uses ERB-style template delimiters. Change the
-  // following template settings to use alternative delimiters.
-  var templateSettings = _$1.templateSettings = {
-    evaluate: /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
-    interpolate: /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
-    escape: /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g
-  };
-
-  // When customizing `_.templateSettings`, if you don't want to define an
-  // interpolation, evaluation or escaping regex, we need one that is
-  // guaranteed not to match.
-  var noMatch = /(.)^/;
-
-  // Certain characters need to be escaped so that they can be put into a
-  // string literal.
-  var escapes = {
-    "'": "'",
-    '\\': '\\',
-    '\r': 'r',
-    '\n': 'n',
-    '\u2028': 'u2028',
-    '\u2029': 'u2029'
-  };
-
-  var escapeRegExp = /\\|'|\r|\n|\u2028|\u2029/g;
-
-  function escapeChar(match) {
-    return '\\' + escapes[match];
-  }
-
-  // In order to prevent third-party code injection through
-  // `_.templateSettings.variable`, we test it against the following regular
-  // expression. It is intentionally a bit more liberal than just matching valid
-  // identifiers, but still prevents possible loopholes through defaults or
-  // destructuring assignment.
-  var bareIdentifier = /^\s*(\w|\$)+\s*$/;
-
-  // JavaScript micro-templating, similar to John Resig's implementation.
-  // Underscore templating handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves whitespace,
-  // and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
-  // NB: `oldSettings` only exists for backwards compatibility.
-  function template(text, settings, oldSettings) {
-    if (!settings && oldSettings) settings = oldSettings;
-    settings = defaults({}, settings, _$1.templateSettings);
-
-    // Combine delimiters into one regular expression via alternation.
-    var matcher = RegExp([
-      (settings.escape || noMatch).source,
-      (settings.interpolate || noMatch).source,
-      (settings.evaluate || noMatch).source
-    ].join('|') + '|$', 'g');
-
-    // Compile the template source, escaping string literals appropriately.
-    var index = 0;
-    var source = "__p+='";
-    text.replace(matcher, function(match, escape, interpolate, evaluate, offset) {
-      source += text.slice(index, offset).replace(escapeRegExp, escapeChar);
-      index = offset + match.length;
-
-      if (escape) {
-        source += "'+\n((__t=(" + escape + "))==null?'':_.escape(__t))+\n'";
-      } else if (interpolate) {
-        source += "'+\n((__t=(" + interpolate + "))==null?'':__t)+\n'";
-      } else if (evaluate) {
-        source += "';\n" + evaluate + "\n__p+='";
-      }
-
-      // Adobe VMs need the match returned to produce the correct offset.
-      return match;
-    });
-    source += "';\n";
-
-    var argument = settings.variable;
-    if (argument) {
-      // Insure against third-party code injection. (CVE-2021-23358)
-      if (!bareIdentifier.test(argument)) throw new Error(
-        'variable is not a bare identifier: ' + argument
-      );
-    } else {
-      // If a variable is not specified, place data values in local scope.
-      source = 'with(obj||{}){\n' + source + '}\n';
-      argument = 'obj';
-    }
-
-    source = "var __t,__p='',__j=Array.prototype.join," +
-      "print=function(){__p+=__j.call(arguments,'');};\n" +
-      source + 'return __p;\n';
-
-    var render;
-    try {
-      render = new Function(argument, '_', source);
-    } catch (e) {
-      e.source = source;
-      throw e;
-    }
-
-    var template = function(data) {
-      return render.call(this, data, _$1);
-    };
-
-    // Provide the compiled source as a convenience for precompilation.
-    template.source = 'function(' + argument + '){\n' + source + '}';
-
-    return template;
-  }
-
-  // Traverses the children of `obj` along `path`. If a child is a function, it
-  // is invoked with its parent as context. Returns the value of the final
-  // child, or `fallback` if any child is undefined.
-  function result(obj, path, fallback) {
-    path = toPath(path);
-    var length = path.length;
-    if (!length) {
-      return isFunction$1(fallback) ? fallback.call(obj) : fallback;
-    }
-    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-      var prop = obj == null ? void 0 : obj[path[i]];
-      if (prop === void 0) {
-        prop = fallback;
-        i = length; // Ensure we don't continue iterating.
-      }
-      obj = isFunction$1(prop) ? prop.call(obj) : prop;
-    }
-    return obj;
-  }
-
-  // Generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session).
-  // Useful for temporary DOM ids.
-  var idCounter = 0;
-  function uniqueId(prefix) {
-    var id = ++idCounter + '';
-    return prefix ? prefix + id : id;
-  }
-
-  // Start chaining a wrapped Underscore object.
-  function chain(obj) {
-    var instance = _$1(obj);
-    instance._chain = true;
-    return instance;
-  }
-
-  // Internal function to execute `sourceFunc` bound to `context` with optional
-  // `args`. Determines whether to execute a function as a constructor or as a
-  // normal function.
-  function executeBound(sourceFunc, boundFunc, context, callingContext, args) {
-    if (!(callingContext instanceof boundFunc)) return sourceFunc.apply(context, args);
-    var self = baseCreate(sourceFunc.prototype);
-    var result = sourceFunc.apply(self, args);
-    if (isObject(result)) return result;
-    return self;
-  }
-
-  // Partially apply a function by creating a version that has had some of its
-  // arguments pre-filled, without changing its dynamic `this` context. `_` acts
-  // as a placeholder by default, allowing any combination of arguments to be
-  // pre-filled. Set `_.partial.placeholder` for a custom placeholder argument.
-  var partial = restArguments(function(func, boundArgs) {
-    var placeholder = partial.placeholder;
-    var bound = function() {
-      var position = 0, length = boundArgs.length;
-      var args = Array(length);
-      for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-        args[i] = boundArgs[i] === placeholder ? arguments[position++] : boundArgs[i];
-      }
-      while (position < arguments.length) args.push(arguments[position++]);
-      return executeBound(func, bound, this, this, args);
-    };
-    return bound;
-  });
-
-  partial.placeholder = _$1;
-
-  // Create a function bound to a given object (assigning `this`, and arguments,
-  // optionally).
-  var bind = restArguments(function(func, context, args) {
-    if (!isFunction$1(func)) throw new TypeError('Bind must be called on a function');
-    var bound = restArguments(function(callArgs) {
-      return executeBound(func, bound, context, this, args.concat(callArgs));
-    });
-    return bound;
-  });
-
-  // Internal helper for collection methods to determine whether a collection
-  // should be iterated as an array or as an object.
-  // Related: https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-tolength
-  // Avoids a very nasty iOS 8 JIT bug on ARM-64. #2094
-  var isArrayLike = createSizePropertyCheck(getLength);
-
-  // Internal implementation of a recursive `flatten` function.
-  function flatten$1(input, depth, strict, output) {
-    output = output || [];
-    if (!depth && depth !== 0) {
-      depth = Infinity;
-    } else if (depth <= 0) {
-      return output.concat(input);
-    }
-    var idx = output.length;
-    for (var i = 0, length = getLength(input); i < length; i++) {
-      var value = input[i];
-      if (isArrayLike(value) && (isArray(value) || isArguments$1(value))) {
-        // Flatten current level of array or arguments object.
-        if (depth > 1) {
-          flatten$1(value, depth - 1, strict, output);
-          idx = output.length;
-        } else {
-          var j = 0, len = value.length;
-          while (j < len) output[idx++] = value[j++];
-        }
-      } else if (!strict) {
-        output[idx++] = value;
-      }
-    }
-    return output;
-  }
-
-  // Bind a number of an object's methods to that object. Remaining arguments
-  // are the method names to be bound. Useful for ensuring that all callbacks
-  // defined on an object belong to it.
-  var bindAll = restArguments(function(obj, keys) {
-    keys = flatten$1(keys, false, false);
-    var index = keys.length;
-    if (index < 1) throw new Error('bindAll must be passed function names');
-    while (index--) {
-      var key = keys[index];
-      obj[key] = bind(obj[key], obj);
-    }
-    return obj;
-  });
-
-  // Memoize an expensive function by storing its results.
-  function memoize(func, hasher) {
-    var memoize = function(key) {
-      var cache = memoize.cache;
-      var address = '' + (hasher ? hasher.apply(this, arguments) : key);
-      if (!has$1(cache, address)) cache[address] = func.apply(this, arguments);
-      return cache[address];
-    };
-    memoize.cache = {};
-    return memoize;
-  }
-
-  // Delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls
-  // it with the arguments supplied.
-  var delay = restArguments(function(func, wait, args) {
-    return setTimeout(function() {
-      return func.apply(null, args);
-    }, wait);
-  });
-
-  // Defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has
-  // cleared.
-  var defer = partial(delay, _$1, 1);
-
-  // Returns a function, that, when invoked, will only be triggered at most once
-  // during a given window of time. Normally, the throttled function will run
-  // as much as it can, without ever going more than once per `wait` duration;
-  // but if you'd like to disable the execution on the leading edge, pass
-  // `{leading: false}`. To disable execution on the trailing edge, ditto.
-  function throttle(func, wait, options) {
-    var timeout, context, args, result;
-    var previous = 0;
-    if (!options) options = {};
-
-    var later = function() {
-      previous = options.leading === false ? 0 : now();
-      timeout = null;
-      result = func.apply(context, args);
-      if (!timeout) context = args = null;
-    };
-
-    var throttled = function() {
-      var _now = now();
-      if (!previous && options.leading === false) previous = _now;
-      var remaining = wait - (_now - previous);
-      context = this;
-      args = arguments;
-      if (remaining <= 0 || remaining > wait) {
-        if (timeout) {
-          clearTimeout(timeout);
-          timeout = null;
-        }
-        previous = _now;
-        result = func.apply(context, args);
-        if (!timeout) context = args = null;
-      } else if (!timeout && options.trailing !== false) {
-        timeout = setTimeout(later, remaining);
-      }
-      return result;
-    };
-
-    throttled.cancel = function() {
-      clearTimeout(timeout);
-      previous = 0;
-      timeout = context = args = null;
-    };
-
-    return throttled;
-  }
-
-  // When a sequence of calls of the returned function ends, the argument
-  // function is triggered. The end of a sequence is defined by the `wait`
-  // parameter. If `immediate` is passed, the argument function will be
-  // triggered at the beginning of the sequence instead of at the end.
-  function debounce(func, wait, immediate) {
-    var timeout, previous, args, result, context;
-
-    var later = function() {
-      var passed = now() - previous;
-      if (wait > passed) {
-        timeout = setTimeout(later, wait - passed);
-      } else {
-        timeout = null;
-        if (!immediate) result = func.apply(context, args);
-        // This check is needed because `func` can recursively invoke `debounced`.
-        if (!timeout) args = context = null;
-      }
-    };
-
-    var debounced = restArguments(function(_args) {
-      context = this;
-      args = _args;
-      previous = now();
-      if (!timeout) {
-        timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
-        if (immediate) result = func.apply(context, args);
-      }
-      return result;
-    });
-
-    debounced.cancel = function() {
-      clearTimeout(timeout);
-      timeout = args = context = null;
-    };
-
-    return debounced;
-  }
-
-  // Returns the first function passed as an argument to the second,
-  // allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and
-  // conditionally execute the original function.
-  function wrap(func, wrapper) {
-    return partial(wrapper, func);
-  }
-
-  // Returns a negated version of the passed-in predicate.
-  function negate(predicate) {
-    return function() {
-      return !predicate.apply(this, arguments);
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each
-  // consuming the return value of the function that follows.
-  function compose() {
-    var args = arguments;
-    var start = args.length - 1;
-    return function() {
-      var i = start;
-      var result = args[start].apply(this, arguments);
-      while (i--) result = args[i].call(this, result);
-      return result;
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Returns a function that will only be executed on and after the Nth call.
-  function after(times, func) {
-    return function() {
-      if (--times < 1) {
-        return func.apply(this, arguments);
-      }
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Returns a function that will only be executed up to (but not including) the
-  // Nth call.
-  function before(times, func) {
-    var memo;
-    return function() {
-      if (--times > 0) {
-        memo = func.apply(this, arguments);
-      }
-      if (times <= 1) func = null;
-      return memo;
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Returns a function that will be executed at most one time, no matter how
-  // often you call it. Useful for lazy initialization.
-  var once = partial(before, 2);
-
-  // Returns the first key on an object that passes a truth test.
-  function findKey(obj, predicate, context) {
-    predicate = cb(predicate, context);
-    var _keys = keys(obj), key;
-    for (var i = 0, length = _keys.length; i < length; i++) {
-      key = _keys[i];
-      if (predicate(obj[key], key, obj)) return key;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Internal function to generate `_.findIndex` and `_.findLastIndex`.
-  function createPredicateIndexFinder(dir) {
-    return function(array, predicate, context) {
-      predicate = cb(predicate, context);
-      var length = getLength(array);
-      var index = dir > 0 ? 0 : length - 1;
-      for (; index >= 0 && index < length; index += dir) {
-        if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) return index;
-      }
-      return -1;
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Returns the first index on an array-like that passes a truth test.
-  var findIndex = createPredicateIndexFinder(1);
-
-  // Returns the last index on an array-like that passes a truth test.
-  var findLastIndex = createPredicateIndexFinder(-1);
-
-  // Use a comparator function to figure out the smallest index at which
-  // an object should be inserted so as to maintain order. Uses binary search.
-  function sortedIndex(array, obj, iteratee, context) {
-    iteratee = cb(iteratee, context, 1);
-    var value = iteratee(obj);
-    var low = 0, high = getLength(array);
-    while (low < high) {
-      var mid = Math.floor((low + high) / 2);
-      if (iteratee(array[mid]) < value) low = mid + 1; else high = mid;
-    }
-    return low;
-  }
-
-  // Internal function to generate the `_.indexOf` and `_.lastIndexOf` functions.
-  function createIndexFinder(dir, predicateFind, sortedIndex) {
-    return function(array, item, idx) {
-      var i = 0, length = getLength(array);
-      if (typeof idx == 'number') {
-        if (dir > 0) {
-          i = idx >= 0 ? idx : Math.max(idx + length, i);
-        } else {
-          length = idx >= 0 ? Math.min(idx + 1, length) : idx + length + 1;
-        }
-      } else if (sortedIndex && idx && length) {
-        idx = sortedIndex(array, item);
-        return array[idx] === item ? idx : -1;
-      }
-      if (item !== item) {
-        idx = predicateFind(slice.call(array, i, length), isNaN$1);
-        return idx >= 0 ? idx + i : -1;
-      }
-      for (idx = dir > 0 ? i : length - 1; idx >= 0 && idx < length; idx += dir) {
-        if (array[idx] === item) return idx;
-      }
-      return -1;
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Return the position of the first occurrence of an item in an array,
-  // or -1 if the item is not included in the array.
-  // If the array is large and already in sort order, pass `true`
-  // for **isSorted** to use binary search.
-  var indexOf = createIndexFinder(1, findIndex, sortedIndex);
-
-  // Return the position of the last occurrence of an item in an array,
-  // or -1 if the item is not included in the array.
-  var lastIndexOf = createIndexFinder(-1, findLastIndex);
-
-  // Return the first value which passes a truth test.
-  function find(obj, predicate, context) {
-    var keyFinder = isArrayLike(obj) ? findIndex : findKey;
-    var key = keyFinder(obj, predicate, context);
-    if (key !== void 0 && key !== -1) return obj[key];
-  }
-
-  // Convenience version of a common use case of `_.find`: getting the first
-  // object containing specific `key:value` pairs.
-  function findWhere(obj, attrs) {
-    return find(obj, matcher(attrs));
-  }
-
-  // The cornerstone for collection functions, an `each`
-  // implementation, aka `forEach`.
-  // Handles raw objects in addition to array-likes. Treats all
-  // sparse array-likes as if they were dense.
-  function each(obj, iteratee, context) {
-    iteratee = optimizeCb(iteratee, context);
-    var i, length;
-    if (isArrayLike(obj)) {
-      for (i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) {
-        iteratee(obj[i], i, obj);
-      }
-    } else {
-      var _keys = keys(obj);
-      for (i = 0, length = _keys.length; i < length; i++) {
-        iteratee(obj[_keys[i]], _keys[i], obj);
-      }
-    }
-    return obj;
-  }
-
-  // Return the results of applying the iteratee to each element.
-  function map(obj, iteratee, context) {
-    iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
-    var _keys = !isArrayLike(obj) && keys(obj),
-        length = (_keys || obj).length,
-        results = Array(length);
-    for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) {
-      var currentKey = _keys ? _keys[index] : index;
-      results[index] = iteratee(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
-    }
-    return results;
-  }
-
-  // Internal helper to create a reducing function, iterating left or right.
-  function createReduce(dir) {
-    // Wrap code that reassigns argument variables in a separate function than
-    // the one that accesses `arguments.length` to avoid a perf hit. (#1991)
-    var reducer = function(obj, iteratee, memo, initial) {
-      var _keys = !isArrayLike(obj) && keys(obj),
-          length = (_keys || obj).length,
-          index = dir > 0 ? 0 : length - 1;
-      if (!initial) {
-        memo = obj[_keys ? _keys[index] : index];
-        index += dir;
-      }
-      for (; index >= 0 && index < length; index += dir) {
-        var currentKey = _keys ? _keys[index] : index;
-        memo = iteratee(memo, obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
-      }
-      return memo;
-    };
-
-    return function(obj, iteratee, memo, context) {
-      var initial = arguments.length >= 3;
-      return reducer(obj, optimizeCb(iteratee, context, 4), memo, initial);
-    };
-  }
-
-  // **Reduce** builds up a single result from a list of values, aka `inject`,
-  // or `foldl`.
-  var reduce = createReduce(1);
-
-  // The right-associative version of reduce, also known as `foldr`.
-  var reduceRight = createReduce(-1);
-
-  // Return all the elements that pass a truth test.
-  function filter(obj, predicate, context) {
-    var results = [];
-    predicate = cb(predicate, context);
-    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
-      if (predicate(value, index, list)) results.push(value);
-    });
-    return results;
-  }
-
-  // Return all the elements for which a truth test fails.
-  function reject(obj, predicate, context) {
-    return filter(obj, negate(cb(predicate)), context);
-  }
-
-  // Determine whether all of the elements pass a truth test.
-  function every(obj, predicate, context) {
-    predicate = cb(predicate, context);
-    var _keys = !isArrayLike(obj) && keys(obj),
-        length = (_keys || obj).length;
-    for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) {
-      var currentKey = _keys ? _keys[index] : index;
-      if (!predicate(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj)) return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  // Determine if at least one element in the object passes a truth test.
-  function some(obj, predicate, context) {
-    predicate = cb(predicate, context);
-    var _keys = !isArrayLike(obj) && keys(obj),
-        length = (_keys || obj).length;
-    for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) {
-      var currentKey = _keys ? _keys[index] : index;
-      if (predicate(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj)) return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Determine if the array or object contains a given item (using `===`).
-  function contains(obj, item, fromIndex, guard) {
-    if (!isArrayLike(obj)) obj = values(obj);
-    if (typeof fromIndex != 'number' || guard) fromIndex = 0;
-    return indexOf(obj, item, fromIndex) >= 0;
-  }
-
-  // Invoke a method (with arguments) on every item in a collection.
-  var invoke = restArguments(function(obj, path, args) {
-    var contextPath, func;
-    if (isFunction$1(path)) {
-      func = path;
-    } else {
-      path = toPath(path);
-      contextPath = path.slice(0, -1);
-      path = path[path.length - 1];
-    }
-    return map(obj, function(context) {
-      var method = func;
-      if (!method) {
-        if (contextPath && contextPath.length) {
-          context = deepGet(context, contextPath);
-        }
-        if (context == null) return void 0;
-        method = context[path];
-      }
-      return method == null ? method : method.apply(context, args);
-    });
-  });
-
-  // Convenience version of a common use case of `_.map`: fetching a property.
-  function pluck(obj, key) {
-    return map(obj, property(key));
-  }
-
-  // Convenience version of a common use case of `_.filter`: selecting only
-  // objects containing specific `key:value` pairs.
-  function where(obj, attrs) {
-    return filter(obj, matcher(attrs));
-  }
-
-  // Return the maximum element (or element-based computation).
-  function max(obj, iteratee, context) {
-    var result = -Infinity, lastComputed = -Infinity,
-        value, computed;
-    if (iteratee == null || typeof iteratee == 'number' && typeof obj[0] != 'object' && obj != null) {
-      obj = isArrayLike(obj) ? obj : values(obj);
-      for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) {
-        value = obj[i];
-        if (value != null && value > result) {
-          result = value;
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
-      each(obj, function(v, index, list) {
-        computed = iteratee(v, index, list);
-        if (computed > lastComputed || computed === -Infinity && result === -Infinity) {
-          result = v;
-          lastComputed = computed;
-        }
-      });
-    }
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  // Return the minimum element (or element-based computation).
-  function min(obj, iteratee, context) {
-    var result = Infinity, lastComputed = Infinity,
-        value, computed;
-    if (iteratee == null || typeof iteratee == 'number' && typeof obj[0] != 'object' && obj != null) {
-      obj = isArrayLike(obj) ? obj : values(obj);
-      for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) {
-        value = obj[i];
-        if (value != null && value < result) {
-          result = value;
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
-      each(obj, function(v, index, list) {
-        computed = iteratee(v, index, list);
-        if (computed < lastComputed || computed === Infinity && result === Infinity) {
-          result = v;
-          lastComputed = computed;
-        }
-      });
-    }
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  // Safely create a real, live array from anything iterable.
-  var reStrSymbol = /[^\ud800-\udfff]|[\ud800-\udbff][\udc00-\udfff]|[\ud800-\udfff]/g;
-  function toArray(obj) {
-    if (!obj) return [];
-    if (isArray(obj)) return slice.call(obj);
-    if (isString(obj)) {
-      // Keep surrogate pair characters together.
-      return obj.match(reStrSymbol);
-    }
-    if (isArrayLike(obj)) return map(obj, identity);
-    return values(obj);
-  }
-
-  // Sample **n** random values from a collection using the modern version of the
-  // [Fisher-Yates shuffle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher–Yates_shuffle).
-  // If **n** is not specified, returns a single random element.
-  // The internal `guard` argument allows it to work with `_.map`.
-  function sample(obj, n, guard) {
-    if (n == null || guard) {
-      if (!isArrayLike(obj)) obj = values(obj);
-      return obj[random(obj.length - 1)];
-    }
-    var sample = toArray(obj);
-    var length = getLength(sample);
-    n = Math.max(Math.min(n, length), 0);
-    var last = length - 1;
-    for (var index = 0; index < n; index++) {
-      var rand = random(index, last);
-      var temp = sample[index];
-      sample[index] = sample[rand];
-      sample[rand] = temp;
-    }
-    return sample.slice(0, n);
-  }
-
-  // Shuffle a collection.
-  function shuffle(obj) {
-    return sample(obj, Infinity);
-  }
-
-  // Sort the object's values by a criterion produced by an iteratee.
-  function sortBy(obj, iteratee, context) {
-    var index = 0;
-    iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
-    return pluck(map(obj, function(value, key, list) {
-      return {
-        value: value,
-        index: index++,
-        criteria: iteratee(value, key, list)
-      };
-    }).sort(function(left, right) {
-      var a = left.criteria;
-      var b = right.criteria;
-      if (a !== b) {
-        if (a > b || a === void 0) return 1;
-        if (a < b || b === void 0) return -1;
-      }
-      return left.index - right.index;
-    }), 'value');
-  }
-
-  // An internal function used for aggregate "group by" operations.
-  function group(behavior, partition) {
-    return function(obj, iteratee, context) {
-      var result = partition ? [[], []] : {};
-      iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
-      each(obj, function(value, index) {
-        var key = iteratee(value, index, obj);
-        behavior(result, value, key);
-      });
-      return result;
-    };
-  }
-
-  // Groups the object's values by a criterion. Pass either a string attribute
-  // to group by, or a function that returns the criterion.
-  var groupBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
-    if (has$1(result, key)) result[key].push(value); else result[key] = [value];
-  });
-
-  // Indexes the object's values by a criterion, similar to `_.groupBy`, but for
-  // when you know that your index values will be unique.
-  var indexBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
-    result[key] = value;
-  });
-
-  // Counts instances of an object that group by a certain criterion. Pass
-  // either a string attribute to count by, or a function that returns the
-  // criterion.
-  var countBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
-    if (has$1(result, key)) result[key]++; else result[key] = 1;
-  });
-
-  // Split a collection into two arrays: one whose elements all pass the given
-  // truth test, and one whose elements all do not pass the truth test.
-  var partition = group(function(result, value, pass) {
-    result[pass ? 0 : 1].push(value);
-  }, true);
-
-  // Return the number of elements in a collection.
-  function size(obj) {
-    if (obj == null) return 0;
-    return isArrayLike(obj) ? obj.length : keys(obj).length;
-  }
-
-  // Internal `_.pick` helper function to determine whether `key` is an enumerable
-  // property name of `obj`.
-  function keyInObj(value, key, obj) {
-    return key in obj;
-  }
-
-  // Return a copy of the object only containing the allowed properties.
-  var pick = restArguments(function(obj, keys) {
-    var result = {}, iteratee = keys[0];
-    if (obj == null) return result;
-    if (isFunction$1(iteratee)) {
-      if (keys.length > 1) iteratee = optimizeCb(iteratee, keys[1]);
-      keys = allKeys(obj);
-    } else {
-      iteratee = keyInObj;
-      keys = flatten$1(keys, false, false);
-      obj = Object(obj);
-    }
-    for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
-      var key = keys[i];
-      var value = obj[key];
-      if (iteratee(value, key, obj)) result[key] = value;
-    }
-    return result;
-  });
-
-  // Return a copy of the object without the disallowed properties.
-  var omit = restArguments(function(obj, keys) {
-    var iteratee = keys[0], context;
-    if (isFunction$1(iteratee)) {
-      iteratee = negate(iteratee);
-      if (keys.length > 1) context = keys[1];
-    } else {
-      keys = map(flatten$1(keys, false, false), String);
-      iteratee = function(value, key) {
-        return !contains(keys, key);
-      };
-    }
-    return pick(obj, iteratee, context);
-  });
-
-  // Returns everything but the last entry of the array. Especially useful on
-  // the arguments object. Passing **n** will return all the values in
-  // the array, excluding the last N.
-  function initial(array, n, guard) {
-    return slice.call(array, 0, Math.max(0, array.length - (n == null || guard ? 1 : n)));
-  }
-
-  // Get the first element of an array. Passing **n** will return the first N
-  // values in the array. The **guard** check allows it to work with `_.map`.
-  function first(array, n, guard) {
-    if (array == null || array.length < 1) return n == null || guard ? void 0 : [];
-    if (n == null || guard) return array[0];
-    return initial(array, array.length - n);
-  }
-
-  // Returns everything but the first entry of the `array`. Especially useful on
-  // the `arguments` object. Passing an **n** will return the rest N values in the
-  // `array`.
-  function rest(array, n, guard) {
-    return slice.call(array, n == null || guard ? 1 : n);
-  }
-
-  // Get the last element of an array. Passing **n** will return the last N
-  // values in the array.
-  function last(array, n, guard) {
-    if (array == null || array.length < 1) return n == null || guard ? void 0 : [];
-    if (n == null || guard) return array[array.length - 1];
-    return rest(array, Math.max(0, array.length - n));
-  }
-
-  // Trim out all falsy values from an array.
-  function compact(array) {
-    return filter(array, Boolean);
-  }
-
-  // Flatten out an array, either recursively (by default), or up to `depth`.
-  // Passing `true` or `false` as `depth` means `1` or `Infinity`, respectively.
-  function flatten(array, depth) {
-    return flatten$1(array, depth, false);
-  }
-
-  // Take the difference between one array and a number of other arrays.
-  // Only the elements present in just the first array will remain.
-  var difference = restArguments(function(array, rest) {
-    rest = flatten$1(rest, true, true);
-    return filter(array, function(value){
-      return !contains(rest, value);
-    });
-  });
-
-  // Return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s).
-  var without = restArguments(function(array, otherArrays) {
-    return difference(array, otherArrays);
-  });
-
-  // Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already
-  // been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm.
-  // The faster algorithm will not work with an iteratee if the iteratee
-  // is not a one-to-one function, so providing an iteratee will disable
-  // the faster algorithm.
-  function uniq(array, isSorted, iteratee, context) {
-    if (!isBoolean(isSorted)) {
-      context = iteratee;
-      iteratee = isSorted;
-      isSorted = false;
-    }
-    if (iteratee != null) iteratee = cb(iteratee, context);
-    var result = [];
-    var seen = [];
-    for (var i = 0, length = getLength(array); i < length; i++) {
-      var value = array[i],
-          computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value, i, array) : value;
-      if (isSorted && !iteratee) {
-        if (!i || seen !== computed) result.push(value);
-        seen = computed;
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\ No newline at end of file
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/tips.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/tips.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/tips.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/tips.html	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>Tips &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Tips &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
     <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="copyright.html" />
-    <link rel="next" title="Example" href="example.html" />
+    <link rel="next" title="Example/Tour" href="example.html" />
     <link rel="prev" title="APSW documentation" href="index.html" />
  
 <script type="text/javascript">
@@ -38,12 +40,12 @@
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
-          <a href="example.html" title="Example"
+          <a href="example.html" title="Example/Tour"
              accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="index.html" title="APSW documentation"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Tips</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,11 +56,11 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="tips">
-<h1>Tips<a class="headerlink" href="#tips" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<h1>Tips<a class="headerlink" href="#tips" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p>These tips are based on mailing list postings, issues, and emails.
 You are recommended to read all the documentation as well.</p>
 <section id="about-python-apsw-and-sqlite-versions">
-<span id="version-stuff"></span><h2>About Python, APSW, and SQLite versions<a class="headerlink" href="#about-python-apsw-and-sqlite-versions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="version-stuff"></span><h2>About Python, APSW, and SQLite versions<a class="headerlink" href="#about-python-apsw-and-sqlite-versions" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>SQLite has approximately quarterly releases.  These include tweaks,
 bug fixes, and new functionality based on the billions of SQLite
 databases in use, and the many many programs that use SQLite (eg
@@ -67,7 +69,8 @@
 compatibility with the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/onefile.html">file format</a> and APIs.</p>
 <p>APSW wraps the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/intro.html">SQLite C API</a>.  That means when SQLite
 adds new constant or API, then so does APSW.  You can think of APSW as
-the Python expression of SQLite’s C API.</p>
+the Python expression of SQLite’s C API.  You can <a class="reference external" href="genindex.html#S">lookup</a> SQLite APIs to find which APSW functions and
+attributes call them.</p>
 <p>Consequently the APSW version mirrors the SQLite version.  You can use
 APSW with the corresponding version of SQLite, or any newer version of
 SQLite.  You could use the original 2004 release of APSW with today’s
@@ -79,13 +82,22 @@
 Python version.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="sqlite-is-different">
-<h2>SQLite is different<a class="headerlink" href="#sqlite-is-different" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>SQLite is different<a class="headerlink" href="#sqlite-is-different" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>While SQLite provides a SQL database like many others out there, it is
 also unique in many ways.  Read about the unique features at the
 <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/different.html">SQLite website</a>.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p>SQLite 3 has been available for two decades, improving and adding
+features over time.  Because of strong compatibility guarantees, you
+may need to opt-in to some like <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/foreignkeys.html">foreign key enforcement</a>.  It is a good idea to
+review the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html#toc">pragmas</a> and
+consider using <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.connection_hooks" title="apsw.connection_hooks"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.connection_hooks</span></code></a> to configure each
+<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a>.</p>
+</div>
 </section>
 <section id="transactions">
-<h2>Transactions<a class="headerlink" href="#transactions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Transactions<a class="headerlink" href="#transactions" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Transactions are the changes applied to a database file as a whole.
 They either happen completely, or not at all.  SQLite notes all the changes
 made during a transaction, and at the end when you do a commit will cause
@@ -99,18 +111,18 @@
 transactions</a>.</p>
 <p>If you do nothing, then each statement is a single transaction:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># this will be 3 separate transactions</span>
-<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>You can use BEGIN/END to set the transaction boundary:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># this will be one transaction</span>
-<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;BEGIN&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;COMMIT&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;BEGIN&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;COMMIT&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>However that is extra effort, and also requires error handling.  For example
@@ -122,16 +134,16 @@
 exceptions occur:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># this will be one transaction with automatic commit and rollback</span>
 <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">:</span>
-    <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-    <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-    <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;INSERT ...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>There are <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/lang_transaction.html">technical details</a>
 at the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.sqlite.org/docs.html">SQLite site</a>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="cursors">
-<h2>Cursors<a class="headerlink" href="#cursors" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Cursors<a class="headerlink" href="#cursors" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>SQLite only calculates each result row as you request it.  For example
 if your query returns 10 million rows SQLite will not calculate all 10
 million up front.  Instead the next row will be calculated as you ask
@@ -148,7 +160,7 @@
 <p>Read more about <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#cursors"><span class="std std-ref">Cursors</span></a>.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="bindings">
-<h2>Bindings<a class="headerlink" href="#bindings" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Bindings<a class="headerlink" href="#bindings" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>When using a cursor, always use bindings.  <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#string-formatting-operations">String interpolation</a>
 may seem more convenient but you will encounter difficulties.  You may
 feel that you have complete control over all data accessed but if your
@@ -160,22 +172,8 @@
 <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#cursors"><span class="std std-ref">documentation</span></a> gives many examples of how to use
 various forms of bindings.</p>
 </section>
-<section id="unicode">
-<h2>Unicode<a class="headerlink" href="#unicode" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>SQLite only stores text as Unicode.  However it relies on SQLite API
-users to provide valid UTF-8 and does not double check.  (APSW only
-provides valid UTF-8).  It is possible using other wrappers and tools
-to cause invalid UTF-8 to appear in the database which will then cause
-retrieval errors.  You can work around this by using the SQL <em>CAST</em>
-operator.  For example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">SELECT</span> <span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">CAST</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span> <span class="n">AS</span> <span class="n">blob</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">table</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Then proceed to give the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html">Joel Unicode article</a> to all people
-involved.</p>
-</section>
 <section id="diagnostics">
-<span id="diagnostics-tips"></span><h2>Diagnostics<a class="headerlink" href="#diagnostics" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="diagnostics-tips"></span><h2>Diagnostics<a class="headerlink" href="#diagnostics" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Both SQLite and APSW provide detailed diagnostic information.  Errors
 will be signalled via an <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html"><span class="doc">exception</span></a>.</p>
 <p>APSW ensures you have <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#augmentedstacktraces"><span class="std std-ref">detailed information</span></a> both in the stack trace as well as what data
@@ -205,32 +203,32 @@
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="managing-and-updating-your-schema">
-<h2>Managing and updating your schema<a class="headerlink" href="#managing-and-updating-your-schema" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Managing and updating your schema<a class="headerlink" href="#managing-and-updating-your-schema" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>If your program uses SQLite for <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/appfileformat.html">data</a> then you’ll need to manage
 and update your schema.  The hard way of doing this is to test for the
 existence of tables and their columns, and doing that maintenance
 programmatically.  The easy way is to use <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_user_version">pragma user_version</a> as in this example:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">user_version</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">):</span>
-  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pragma user_version&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
+  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pragma user_version&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fetchall</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
 
 <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">ensure_schema</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">):</span>
   <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">user_version</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
     <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">:</span>
-      <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+      <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
 <span class="s2">        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS foo(x,y,z);</span>
 <span class="s2">        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS bar(x,y,z);</span>
 <span class="s2">        PRAGMA user_version=1;&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
   <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">user_version</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
     <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">:</span>
-      <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+      <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
 <span class="s2">      CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS baz(x,y,z);</span>
 <span class="s2">      CREATE INDEX ....</span>
 <span class="s2">      PRAGMA user_version=2;&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
   <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">user_version</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">con</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
     <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="p">:</span>
-      <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
+      <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
 <span class="s2">      ALTER TABLE .....</span>
 <span class="s2">      PRAGMA user_version=3;&quot;&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
@@ -240,22 +238,13 @@
 database as made by your application.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="parsing-sql">
-<h2>Parsing SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#parsing-sql" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>Sometimes you want to know what a particular SQL statement does.  The
-SQLite query parser directly generates VDBE byte code and cannot be
-hooked into.  There is however an easier way.</p>
-<p>Make a new <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> object making sure the statement cache
-is disabled (size zero).  Install an <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#executiontracer"><span class="std std-ref">execution tracer</span></a> that returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.SQLITE_DENY</span></code> which will
-prevent any queries from running.  Install an <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.setauthorizer" title="apsw.Connection.setauthorizer"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">authorizer</span></code></a>.</p>
-<p>Then call <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.execute()</span></code></a> on your query.  Your authorizer will
-then be called (multiple times if necessary) with details of what the
-query does including expanding views and triggers that fire.  Finally
-the execution tracer will fire.  If the query string had multiple
-statements then the execution tracer lets you know how long the first
-statement was.</p>
+<h2>Parsing SQL<a class="headerlink" href="#parsing-sql" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Sometimes you want to know what a particular SQL statement does.  Use
+<a class="reference internal" href="ext.html#apsw.ext.query_info" title="apsw.ext.query_info"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.ext.query_info()</span></code></a> which will provide as much detail as you
+need.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="unexpected-behaviour">
-<h2>Unexpected behaviour<a class="headerlink" href="#unexpected-behaviour" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Unexpected behaviour<a class="headerlink" href="#unexpected-behaviour" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>Occasionally you may get different results than you expected.  Before
 littering your code with <em>print</em>, try <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#apswtrace"><span class="std std-ref">apswtrace</span></a>
 with all options turned on to see exactly what is going on. You can
@@ -275,32 +264,51 @@
 the same as a table, alias, column etc then unexpected results will
 occur.</p>
 </section>
+<section id="customizing-connections">
+<span id="customizing-connection-cursor"></span><h2>Customizing Connections<a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-connections" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.connection_hooks" title="apsw.connection_hooks"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.connection_hooks</span></code></a> is a list of callbacks for when
+each <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> is created.  They are called in turn, with
+the new connection as the only parameter.</p>
+<p>For example if you wanted to add an <cite>executescript</cite> method to
+Connections that is like <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.execute" title="apsw.Connection.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.execute()</span></code></a> but ignores all
+returned rows:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">executescript</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
+  <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bindings</span><span class="p">):</span>
+    <span class="k">pass</span>
+
+<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">my_hook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
+  <span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">executescript</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">executescript</span>
+
+<span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">connection_hooks</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">my_hook</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 <section id="customizing-cursors">
-<h2>Customizing cursors<a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-cursors" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>Some developers want to customize the behaviour of cursors.  An
-example would be wanting a <a class="reference internal" href="dbapi.html#rowcount"><span class="std std-ref">rowcount</span></a> or batching returned rows.
+<h2>Customizing Cursors<a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-cursors" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>You can customize the behaviour of cursors.  An example would be
+wanting a <a class="reference internal" href="dbapi.html#rowcount"><span class="std std-ref">rowcount</span></a> or batching returned rows.
 (These don’t make any sense with SQLite but the desire may be to make
 the code source compatible with other database drivers).</p>
-<p>APSW does not provide a way to subclass the cursor class or any other
-form of factory.  Consequently you will have to subclass the
-<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> and provide an alternate implementation of
-<a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.cursor" title="apsw.Connection.cursor"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.cursor()</span></code></a>.  You should encapsulate the APSW cursor -
-ie store it as a member of your cursor class and forward calls as
-appropriate.  The cursor only has two important methods -
-<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.execute" title="apsw.Cursor.execute"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.execute()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.executemany" title="apsw.Cursor.executemany"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.executemany()</span></code></a>.</p>
-<p>If you want to change the rows returned then use a <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#rowtracer"><span class="std std-ref">row tracer</span></a>.  For example you could call
-<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.getdescription" title="apsw.Cursor.getdescription"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.getdescription()</span></code></a> and return a dictionary instead of a
-tuple:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">row_factory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">):</span>
-    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getdescription</span><span class="p">())}</span>
+<p>Set <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.cursor_factory" title="apsw.Connection.cursor_factory"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.cursor_factory</span></code></a> to any callable, which will be
+called with the connection as the only parameter, and return the
+object to use as a cursor.</p>
+<p>For example instead of returning rows as tuples, we can return them as
+dictionaries using a <a class="reference internal" href="execution.html#rowtracer"><span class="std std-ref">row tracer</span></a> with
+<a class="reference internal" href="cursor.html#apsw.Cursor.getdescription" title="apsw.Cursor.getdescription"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cursor.getdescription()</span></code></a>:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">dict_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">):</span>
+  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getdescription</span><span class="p">())}</span>
+
+<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">my_factory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">):</span>
+  <span class="n">cursor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">apsw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Cursor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">connection</span><span class="p">)</span>
+  <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rowtrace</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dict_row</span>
+  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">cursor</span>
 
-<span class="c1"># You can also set this on just a cursor</span>
-<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setrowtrace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row_factory</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">connection</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor_factory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">my_factory</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section id="busy-handling">
-<span id="busyhandling"></span><h2>Busy handling<a class="headerlink" href="#busy-handling" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="busyhandling"></span><h2>Busy handling<a class="headerlink" href="#busy-handling" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>SQLite uses locks to coordinate access to the database by multiple
 connections (within the same process or in a different process).  The
 general goal is to have the locks be as lax as possible (allowing
@@ -311,25 +319,25 @@
 which will keep retrying or a <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.setbusyhandler" title="apsw.Connection.setbusyhandler"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback</span></code></a> where you decide what to do.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="database-schema">
-<h2>Database schema<a class="headerlink" href="#database-schema" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Database schema<a class="headerlink" href="#database-schema" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>When starting a new database, it can be quite difficult to decide what
 tables and fields to have and how to link them.  The technique used to
 design SQL schemas is called <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization">normalization</a>.  The page
 also shows common pitfalls if you don’t normalize your schema.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="shared-cache-mode">
-<span id="sharedcache"></span><h2>Shared Cache Mode<a class="headerlink" href="#shared-cache-mode" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="sharedcache"></span><h2>Shared Cache Mode<a class="headerlink" href="#shared-cache-mode" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>SQLite supports a <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/sharedcache.html">shared cache mode</a> where multiple connections
 to the same database can share a cache instead of having their own.
 It is not recommended that you use this mode.</p>
 <p>A big issue is that <a class="reference internal" href="#busyhandling"><span class="std std-ref">busy handling</span></a> is not done
 the same way.  The timeouts and handlers are ignored and instead
-<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE</span></code> extended error is returned.
+<em>SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE</em> extended error is returned.
 Consequently you will have to do your own busy handling.  (<a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/src/tktview/ebde3f66fc64e21e61ef2854ed1a36dfff884a2f">SQLite
 ticket</a>,
 <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/59">APSW issue 59</a>)</p>
 <p>The amount of memory and I/O saved is trivial compared to Python’s
-overal memory and I/O consumption.  You may also need to tune the
+overall memory and I/O consumption.  You may also need to tune the
 shared cache’s memory back up to what it would have been with separate
 connections to get the same performance.</p>
 <p>The shared cache mode is targeted at embedded systems where every
@@ -337,14 +345,14 @@
 have kilobytes of memory available for SQLite.</p>
 </section>
 <section id="write-ahead-logging">
-<span id="wal"></span><h2>Write Ahead Logging<a class="headerlink" href="#write-ahead-logging" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>SQLite 3.7 introduces <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/wal.html">write ahead logging</a> which has several benefits, but
+<span id="wal"></span><h2>Write Ahead Logging<a class="headerlink" href="#write-ahead-logging" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>SQLite 3.7 introduced <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/wal.html">write ahead logging</a> which has several benefits, but
 also some drawbacks as the page documents.  WAL mode is off by
 default.  In addition to turning it on manually for each database, you
 can also turn it on for all opened databases by using
 <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.connection_hooks" title="apsw.connection_hooks"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection_hooks</span></code></a>:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">setwal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="p">):</span>
-    <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pragma journal_mode=wal&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;pragma journal_mode=wal&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
     <span class="c1"># custom auto checkpoint interval (use zero to disable)</span>
     <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">wal_autocheckpoint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
@@ -370,20 +378,21 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Tips</a><ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#about-python-apsw-and-sqlite-versions">About Python, APSW, and SQLite versions</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#sqlite-is-different">SQLite is different</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#transactions">Transactions</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#cursors">Cursors</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#bindings">Bindings</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#unicode">Unicode</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#managing-and-updating-your-schema">Managing and updating your schema</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#parsing-sql">Parsing SQL</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#unexpected-behaviour">Unexpected behaviour</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#customizing-cursors">Customizing cursors</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#customizing-connections">Customizing Connections</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#customizing-cursors">Customizing Cursors</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#busy-handling">Busy handling</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#database-schema">Database schema</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#shared-cache-mode">Shared Cache Mode</a></li>
@@ -392,12 +401,17 @@
 </li>
 </ul>
 
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="index.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">APSW documentation</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="example.html"
-                        title="next chapter">Example</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="index.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">APSW documentation</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="example.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Example/Tour</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -414,7 +428,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -429,20 +443,20 @@
           <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
              >modules</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
-          <a href="example.html" title="Example"
+          <a href="example.html" title="Example/Tour"
              >next</a> |</li>
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="index.html" title="APSW documentation"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Tips</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/types.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/types.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/types.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/types.html	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>Types &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Types &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="exceptions.html" title="Exceptions"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Types</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="types">
-<span id="id1"></span><h1>Types<a class="headerlink" href="#types" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<span id="id1"></span><h1>Types<a class="headerlink" href="#types" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p>Read about <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/datatype3.html">SQLite 3 types</a>. ASPW always maintains the
 correct type for values, and never converts them to something
 else. Note however that SQLite may convert types based on column
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@
 requires that all values supplied are one of the corresponding
 Python/SQLite types (or a subclass).</p>
 <section id="mapping">
-<h2>Mapping<a class="headerlink" href="#mapping" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Mapping<a class="headerlink" href="#mapping" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <ul class="simple">
 <li><p>None in Python is NULL in SQLite</p></li>
 <li><p>Python int is INTEGER in SQLite. The value represented must fit
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@
 </ul>
 </section>
 <section id="unicode">
-<span id="id2"></span><h2>Unicode<a class="headerlink" href="#unicode" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<span id="id2"></span><h2>Unicode<a class="headerlink" href="#unicode" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>All SQLite strings are Unicode. The actual binary representations can
 be UTF8, or UTF16 in either byte order. ASPW uses the UTF8 interface
 to SQLite which results in the binary string representation in your
@@ -124,8 +126,9 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Types</a><ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#mapping">Mapping</a></li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#unicode">Unicode</a></li>
@@ -133,12 +136,17 @@
 </li>
 </ul>
 
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="exceptions.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">Exceptions</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="execution.html"
-                        title="next chapter">Execution and tracing</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="exceptions.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">Exceptions</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="execution.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Execution and tracing</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -155,7 +163,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -175,15 +183,15 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="exceptions.html" title="Exceptions"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Types</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/vfs.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/vfs.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/vfs.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/vfs.html	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>Virtual File System (VFS) &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Virtual File System (VFS) &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="vtable.html" title="Virtual Tables"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Virtual File System (VFS)</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,8 +56,8 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="virtual-file-system-vfs">
-<span id="vfs"></span><h1>Virtual File System (VFS)<a class="headerlink" href="#virtual-file-system-vfs" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
-<p>SQLite 3.6 has new <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html">VFS functionality</a> which defines the interface
+<span id="vfs"></span><h1>Virtual File System (VFS)<a class="headerlink" href="#virtual-file-system-vfs" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
+<p>SQLite 3.6 added <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html">VFS functionality</a> which defines the interface
 between the SQLite core and the underlying operating system. The
 majority of the functionality deals with files. APSW exposes this
 functionality letting you provide your own routines. You can also
@@ -84,12 +86,12 @@
 routines are treated as Unicode.</p>
 </div>
 <section id="exceptions-and-errors">
-<h2>Exceptions and errors<a class="headerlink" href="#exceptions-and-errors" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>Exceptions and errors<a class="headerlink" href="#exceptions-and-errors" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>To return an error from any routine you should raise an exception. The
 exception will be translated into the appropriate SQLite error code
 for SQLite. To return a specific SQLite error code use
 <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.exceptionfor" title="apsw.exceptionfor"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exceptionfor()</span></code></a>.  If the exception does not map to any specific
-error code then <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_ERROR</span></code> which corresponds to
+error code then <em>SQLITE_ERROR</em> which corresponds to
 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#apsw.SQLError" title="apsw.SQLError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLError</span></code></a> is returned to SQLite.</p>
 <p>The SQLite code that deals with VFS errors behaves in varying
 ways. Some routines have no way to return an error (eg <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html">xDlOpen</a> just returns zero/NULL on
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@
 ZeroDivision exception</p></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-odd"><td></td>
-<td><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_ERROR</span></code> (closest
+<td><p><em>SQLITE_ERROR</em> (closest
 matching SQLite error code) is
 returned to SQLite by APSW</p></td>
 <td></td>
@@ -173,7 +175,7 @@
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-odd"><td></td>
 <td><p>SQLite returns
-<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_FULL</span></code> to APSW</p></td>
+<em>SQLITE_FULL</em> to APSW</p></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr class="row-even"><td><p>APSW returns <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#apsw.FullError" title="apsw.FullError"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.FullError</span></code></a></p></td>
@@ -184,10 +186,10 @@
 </table>
 </section>
 <section id="vfs-class">
-<h2>VFS class<a class="headerlink" href="#vfs-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>VFS class<a class="headerlink" href="#vfs-class" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><dl class="py class">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS">
-<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">VFS</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">base</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">makedefault</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">maxpathname</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1024</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">VFS</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">base</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">makedefault</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">maxpathname</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1024</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Provides operating system access.  You can get an overview in the
 <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html">SQLite documentation</a>.  To
 create a VFS your Python class must inherit from <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS" title="apsw.VFS"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS</span></code></a>.</p>
@@ -209,7 +211,7 @@
 </ul>
 </dd>
 <dt class="field-even">Raises</dt>
-<dd class="field-even"><p><strong>ValueError</strong> – If <em>base</em> is not <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> and the named vfs is not
+<dd class="field-even"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ValueError" title="(in Python v3.11)"><strong>ValueError</strong></a> – If <em>base</em> is not <em>None</em> and the named vfs is not
 currently registered.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
@@ -224,7 +226,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS.excepthook">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">excepthook</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">etype</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">type</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">BaseException</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">evalue</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">etraceback</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">TracebackType</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Any</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.excepthook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">excepthook</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">etype</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#type" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">type</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#BaseException" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">evalue</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#BaseException" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">etraceback</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/types.html#types.TracebackType" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">types.TracebackType</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Any</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.excepthook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Called when there has been an exception in a <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS" title="apsw.VFS"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS</span></code></a> routine.
 The default implementation passes args to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.excepthook</span></code> and if that
 fails then <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Display</span></code>.  The three arguments correspond to
@@ -233,7 +235,7 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS.unregister">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">unregister</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.unregister" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">unregister</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.unregister" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Unregisters the VFS making it unavailable to future database
 opens. You do not need to call this as the VFS is automatically
 unregistered by when the VFS has no more references or open
@@ -245,7 +247,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS.xAccess">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xAccess</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pathname</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">flags</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xAccess" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xAccess</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pathname</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">flags</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xAccess" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>SQLite wants to check access permissions.  Return True or False
 accordingly.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
@@ -260,7 +262,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS.xCurrentTime">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xCurrentTime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">float</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xCurrentTime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xCurrentTime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#float" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">float</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xCurrentTime" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Return the <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_day">Julian Day Number</a> as a floating point
 number where the integer portion is the day and the fractional part
 is the time. Do not adjust for timezone (ie use <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Time">UTC</a>).</p>
@@ -268,10 +270,10 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS.xDelete">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xDelete</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">syncdir</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xDelete" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xDelete</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">syncdir</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xDelete" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Delete the named file. If the file is missing then raise an
 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#apsw.IOError" title="apsw.IOError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IOError</span></code></a> exception with extendedresult
-<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT</span></code></p>
+<em>SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT</em></p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
 <dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
@@ -287,7 +289,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS.xDlClose">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xDlClose</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">handle</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xDlClose" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xDlClose</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">handle</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xDlClose" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Close and unload the library corresponding to the handle you
 returned from <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xDlOpen" title="apsw.VFS.xDlOpen"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xDlOpen()</span></code></a>.  You can use ctypes to do
 this:</p>
@@ -301,7 +303,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS.xDlError">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xDlError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">str</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xDlError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xDlError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xDlError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Return an error string describing the last error of
 <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xDlOpen" title="apsw.VFS.xDlOpen"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xDlOpen()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xDlSym" title="apsw.VFS.xDlSym"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xDlSym()</span></code></a> (ie they returned
 zero/NULL). If you do not supply this routine then SQLite provides
@@ -314,7 +316,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS.xDlOpen">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xDlOpen</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xDlOpen" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xDlOpen</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xDlOpen" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Load the shared library. You should return a number which will be
 treated as a void pointer at the C level. On error you should
 return 0 (NULL). The number is passed as is to
@@ -329,7 +331,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS.xDlSym">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xDlSym</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">handle</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">symbol</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xDlSym" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xDlSym</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">handle</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">symbol</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xDlSym" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the address of the named symbol which will be called by
 SQLite. On error you should return 0 (NULL). You can use ctypes:</p>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">xDlSym</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ptr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">):</span>
@@ -349,13 +351,13 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS.xFullPathname">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xFullPathname</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">str</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xFullPathname" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xFullPathname</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xFullPathname" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Return the absolute pathname for name.  You can use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.path.abspath</span></code> to do this.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS.xGetLastError">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xGetLastError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xGetLastError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xGetLastError</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xGetLastError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>This method is to return an integer error code and (optional) text describing
 the last error that happened in this thread.</p>
 <div class="admonition note">
@@ -367,14 +369,14 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS.xGetSystemCall">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xGetSystemCall</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xGetSystemCall" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xGetSystemCall</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xGetSystemCall" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns a pointer for the current method implementing the named
 system call.  Return None if the call does not exist.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS.xNextSystemCall">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xNextSystemCall</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xNextSystemCall" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xNextSystemCall</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xNextSystemCall" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>This method is repeatedly called to iterate over all of the system
 calls in the vfs.  When called with None you should return the
 name of the first system call.  In subsequent calls return the
@@ -391,22 +393,22 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS.xOpen">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xOpen</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.URIFilename" title="apsw.URIFilename"><span class="pre">URIFilename</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">flags</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">List</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile" title="apsw.VFSFile"><span class="pre">VFSFile</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xOpen" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xOpen</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.URIFilename" title="apsw.URIFilename"><span class="pre">URIFilename</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">flags</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">List</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile" title="apsw.VFSFile"><span class="pre">VFSFile</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xOpen" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>This method should return a new file object based on name.  You
 can return a <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile" title="apsw.VFSFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSFile</span></code></a> from a completely different VFS.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
 <dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
-<li><p><strong>name</strong> – File to open.  Note that <em>name</em> may be <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> in which
+<li><p><strong>name</strong> – File to open.  Note that <em>name</em> may be <em>None</em> in which
 case you should open a temporary file with a name of your
 choosing.  May be an instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.URIFilename" title="apsw.URIFilename"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">URIFilename</span></code></a>.</p></li>
 <li><p><strong>flags</strong> – A list of two integers <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[inputflags,</span>
 <span class="pre">outputflags]</span></code>.  Each integer is one or more of the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html">open flags</a> binary orred
 together.  The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">inputflags</span></code> tells you what SQLite wants.  For
-example <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE</span></code> means the file should
+example <em>SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE</em> means the file should
 be automatically deleted when closed.  The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">outputflags</span></code>
 describes how you actually did open the file.  For example if you
-opened it read only then <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY</span></code> should be
+opened it read only then <em>SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY</em> should be
 set.</p></li>
 </ul>
 </dd>
@@ -415,7 +417,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS.xRandomness">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xRandomness</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">numbytes</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">bytes</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xRandomness" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xRandomness</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">numbytes</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bytes</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xRandomness" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>This method is called once when SQLite needs to seed the random
 number generator. It is called on the default VFS only. It is not
 called again, even across <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.shutdown" title="apsw.shutdown"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apsw.shutdown()</span></code></a> calls.  You can
@@ -425,7 +427,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS.xSetSystemCall">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xSetSystemCall</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pointer</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xSetSystemCall" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xSetSystemCall</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pointer</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xSetSystemCall" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Change a system call used by the VFS.  This is useful for testing
 and some other scenarios such as sandboxing.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
@@ -453,7 +455,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFS.xSleep">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xSleep</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">microseconds</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xSleep" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFS.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xSleep</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">microseconds</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFS.xSleep" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Pause execution of the thread for at least the specified number of
 microseconds (millionths of a second).  This routine is typically called from the busy handler.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
@@ -469,10 +471,10 @@
 
 </section>
 <section id="vfsfile-class">
-<h2>VFSFile class<a class="headerlink" href="#vfsfile-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>VFSFile class<a class="headerlink" href="#vfsfile-class" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <dl class="py class">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFSFile">
-<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">VFSFile</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">vfs</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.URIFilename" title="apsw.URIFilename"><span class="pre">URIFilename</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">flags</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">List</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">int</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">VFSFile</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">vfs</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Union</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.URIFilename" title="apsw.URIFilename"><span class="pre">URIFilename</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">flags</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">List</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Wraps access to a file.  You only need to derive from this class
 if you want the file object returned from <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xOpen" title="apsw.VFS.xOpen"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xOpen()</span></code></a> to
 inherit from an existing VFS implementation.</p>
@@ -491,7 +493,7 @@
 </ul>
 </dd>
 <dt class="field-even">Raises</dt>
-<dd class="field-even"><p><strong>ValueError</strong> – If the named VFS is not registered.</p>
+<dd class="field-even"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#ValueError" title="(in Python v3.11)"><strong>ValueError</strong></a> – If the named VFS is not registered.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 <div class="admonition note">
@@ -508,7 +510,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFSFile.excepthook">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">excepthook</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">etype</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">type</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">BaseException</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">evalue</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">etraceback</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">TracebackType</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.excepthook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">excepthook</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">etype</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#type" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">type</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#BaseException" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">evalue</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#BaseException" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">etraceback</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/types.html#types.TracebackType" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">types.TracebackType</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.excepthook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Called when there has been an exception in a <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile" title="apsw.VFSFile"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSFile</span></code></a>
 routine.  The default implementation calls <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.excepthook</span></code> and
 if that fails then <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyErr_Display</span></code>.  The three arguments
@@ -527,14 +529,14 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFSFile.xCheckReservedLock">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xCheckReservedLock</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xCheckReservedLock" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xCheckReservedLock</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xCheckReservedLock" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns True if any database connection (in this or another process)
 has a lock other than <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html">SQLITE_LOCK_NONE or SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED</a>.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFSFile.xClose">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xClose</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xClose" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xClose</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xClose" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Close the database. Note that even if you return an error you should
 still close the file.  It is safe to call this method multiple
 times.</p>
@@ -542,7 +544,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFSFile.xDeviceCharacteristics">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xDeviceCharacteristics</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xDeviceCharacteristics" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xDeviceCharacteristics</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xDeviceCharacteristics" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Return <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_iocap_atomic.html">I/O capabilities</a> (bitwise or of
 appropriate values). If you do not implement the function or have an
 error then 0 (the SQLite default) is returned.</p>
@@ -550,7 +552,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFSFile.xFileControl">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xFileControl</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ptr</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xFileControl" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xFileControl</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">op</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ptr</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xFileControl" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Receives <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/file_control.html">file control</a> request typically
 issued by <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.filecontrol" title="apsw.Connection.filecontrol"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.filecontrol()</span></code></a>.  See
 <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection.filecontrol" title="apsw.Connection.filecontrol"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.filecontrol()</span></code></a> for an example of how to pass a
@@ -586,14 +588,14 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFSFile.xFileSize">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xFileSize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xFileSize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xFileSize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xFileSize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Return the size of the file in bytes.  Remember that file sizes are
 64 bit quantities even on 32 bit operating systems.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFSFile.xLock">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xLock</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">level</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xLock" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xLock</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">level</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xLock" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Increase the lock to the level specified which is one of the
 <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html">SQLITE_LOCK</a>
 family of constants. If you can’t increase the lock level because
@@ -602,7 +604,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFSFile.xRead">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xRead</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">amount</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">offset</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">bytes</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xRead" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xRead</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">amount</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">offset</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bytes</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xRead" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Read the specified <em>amount</em> of data starting at <em>offset</em>. You
 should make every effort to read all the data requested, or return
 an error. If you have the file open for non-blocking I/O or if
@@ -622,7 +624,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFSFile.xSectorSize">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xSectorSize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xSectorSize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xSectorSize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xSectorSize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Return the native underlying sector size. SQLite uses the value
 returned in determining the default database page size. If you do
 not implement the function or have an error then 4096 (the SQLite
@@ -631,7 +633,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFSFile.xSync">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xSync</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">flags</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xSync" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xSync</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">flags</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xSync" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Ensure data is on the disk platters (ie could survive a power
 failure immediately after the call returns) with the <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_sync_dataonly.html">sync flags</a> detailing what
 needs to be synced.  You can sync more than what is requested.</p>
@@ -639,14 +641,14 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFSFile.xTruncate">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xTruncate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">newsize</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xTruncate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xTruncate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">newsize</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xTruncate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Set the file length to <em>newsize</em> (which may be more or less than the
 current length).</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFSFile.xUnlock">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xUnlock</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">level</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xUnlock" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xUnlock</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">level</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xUnlock" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Decrease the lock to the level specified which is one of the
 <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_lock_exclusive.html">SQLITE_LOCK</a>
 family of constants.</p>
@@ -654,7 +656,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VFSFile.xWrite">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xWrite</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bytes</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">offset</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">None</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xWrite" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VFSFile.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">xWrite</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bytes</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">offset</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xWrite" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Write the <em>data</em> starting at absolute <em>offset</em>. You must write all the data
 requested, or return an error. If you have the file open for
 non-blocking I/O or if signals happen then it is possible for the
@@ -669,7 +671,7 @@
 
 </section>
 <section id="urifilename-class">
-<h2>URIFilename class<a class="headerlink" href="#urifilename-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>URIFilename class<a class="headerlink" href="#urifilename-class" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <dl class="py class">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.URIFilename">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">URIFilename</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.URIFilename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
@@ -686,13 +688,13 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.URIFilename.filename">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">URIFilename.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">str</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.URIFilename.filename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">URIFilename.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.URIFilename.filename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the filename.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.URIFilename.uri_boolean">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">URIFilename.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">uri_boolean</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">default</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.URIFilename.uri_boolean" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">URIFilename.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">uri_boolean</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">default</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.URIFilename.uri_boolean" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the boolean value for parameter <cite>name</cite> or <cite>default</cite> if not
 present.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/uri_boolean.html">sqlite3_uri_boolean</a></p>
@@ -700,7 +702,7 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.URIFilename.uri_int">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">URIFilename.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">uri_int</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">default</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">int</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.URIFilename.uri_int" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">URIFilename.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">uri_int</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">default</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.URIFilename.uri_int" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the integer value for parameter <cite>name</cite> or <cite>default</cite> if not
 present.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/uri_boolean.html">sqlite3_uri_int64</a></p>
@@ -708,7 +710,7 @@
 
 <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.URIFilename.uri_parameter">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">URIFilename.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">uri_parameter</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">str</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.URIFilename.uri_parameter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">URIFilename.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">uri_parameter</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.URIFilename.uri_parameter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns the value of parameter <cite>name</cite> or None.</p>
 <p>Calls: <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/c3ref/uri_boolean.html">sqlite3_uri_parameter</a></p>
 </dd></dl>
@@ -723,23 +725,78 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Virtual File System (VFS)</a><ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#exceptions-and-errors">Exceptions and errors</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#vfs-class">VFS class</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#vfsfile-class">VFSFile class</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#urifilename-class">URIFilename class</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#vfs-class">VFS class</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.excepthook"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.excepthook()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.unregister"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.unregister()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xAccess"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xAccess()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xCurrentTime"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xCurrentTime()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xDelete"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xDelete()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xDlClose"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xDlClose()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xDlError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xDlError()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xDlOpen"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xDlOpen()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xDlSym"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xDlSym()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xFullPathname"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xFullPathname()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xGetLastError"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xGetLastError()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xGetSystemCall"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xGetSystemCall()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xNextSystemCall"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xNextSystemCall()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xOpen"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xOpen()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xRandomness"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xRandomness()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xSetSystemCall"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xSetSystemCall()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFS.xSleep"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFS.xSleep()</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#vfsfile-class">VFSFile class</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSFile</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile.excepthook"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSFile.excepthook()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xCheckReservedLock"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSFile.xCheckReservedLock()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xClose"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSFile.xClose()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xDeviceCharacteristics"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSFile.xDeviceCharacteristics()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xFileControl"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSFile.xFileControl()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xFileSize"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSFile.xFileSize()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xLock"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSFile.xLock()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xRead"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSFile.xRead()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xSectorSize"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSFile.xSectorSize()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xSync"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSFile.xSync()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xTruncate"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSFile.xTruncate()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xUnlock"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSFile.xUnlock()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VFSFile.xWrite"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VFSFile.xWrite()</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#urifilename-class">URIFilename class</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.URIFilename"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">URIFilename</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.URIFilename.filename"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">URIFilename.filename()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.URIFilename.uri_boolean"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">URIFilename.uri_boolean()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.URIFilename.uri_int"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">URIFilename.uri_int()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.URIFilename.uri_parameter"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">URIFilename.uri_parameter()</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
 
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="vtable.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">Virtual Tables</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="shell.html"
-                        title="next chapter">Shell</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="vtable.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">Virtual Tables</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="shell.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Shell</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -756,7 +813,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -776,15 +833,15 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="vtable.html" title="Virtual Tables"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Virtual File System (VFS)</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/vtable.html python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/vtable.html
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/doc/vtable.html	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/doc/vtable.html	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <meta charset="utf-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
 
-    <title>Virtual Tables &#8212; APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</title>
+    <title>Virtual Tables &#8212; APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</title>
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/classic.css" />
     
     <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
     <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
     
     <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
     <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="backup.html" title="Backup"
              accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Virtual Tables</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>  
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@
           <div class="body" role="main">
             
   <section id="virtual-tables">
-<span id="virtualtables"></span><h1>Virtual Tables<a class="headerlink" href="#virtual-tables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<span id="virtualtables"></span><h1>Virtual Tables<a class="headerlink" href="#virtual-tables" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p><a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/vtab.html">Virtual Tables</a> are a feature
 introduced in SQLite 3.3.7. They let a developer provide an underlying
 table implementations, while still presenting a normal SQL interface
@@ -77,11 +79,11 @@
 level, they are just one set of methods. At the Python/APSW level,
 they are split over the 3 types of object. The leading <strong>x</strong> is
 omitted in Python. You can return SQLite error codes (eg
-<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SQLITE_READONLY</span></code>) by raising the appropriate exceptions (eg
+<em>SQLITE_READONLY</em>) by raising the appropriate exceptions (eg
 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#apsw.ReadOnlyError" title="apsw.ReadOnlyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ReadOnlyError</span></code></a>).  <a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.exceptionfor" title="apsw.exceptionfor"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exceptionfor()</span></code></a> is a useful helper
 function to do the mapping.</p>
 <section id="vtmodule-class">
-<h2>VTModule class<a class="headerlink" href="#vtmodule-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>VTModule class<a class="headerlink" href="#vtmodule-class" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <dl class="py class">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTModule">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">VTModule</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTModule" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
@@ -89,9 +91,9 @@
 
 <div class="admonition note">
 <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p>There is no actual <em>VTModule</em> class - it is just shown this way
-for documentation convenience.  Your module instance should implement
-all the methods documented here.</p>
+<p>There is no actual <em>VTModule</em> class - it is shown this way for
+documentation convenience and is present as a <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol">typing protocol</a>.
+Your module instance should implement all the methods documented here.</p>
 </div>
 <p>A module instance is used to create the virtual tables.  Once you have
 a module object, you register it with a connection by calling
@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@
 <span class="n">con</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">createmodule</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;modulename&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mymod</span><span class="p">)</span>
 
 <span class="c1"># tell SQLite about the table</span>
-<span class="n">con</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create VIRTUAL table tablename USING modulename(&#39;arg1&#39;, 2)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="n">con</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;create VIRTUAL table tablename USING modulename(&#39;arg1&#39;, 2)&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>The create step is to tell SQLite about the existence of the table.
@@ -111,7 +113,7 @@
 way.  Note the (optional) arguments which are passed to the module.</p>
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTModule.Connect">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTModule.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Connect</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">connection</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">modulename</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">databasename</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tablename</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">[</span> <span class="pre">sql</span> <span class="pre">string,</span> <span class="pre">table</span> <span class="pre">object</span> <span class="pre">]</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTModule.Connect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTModule.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Connect</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">connection</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><span class="pre">Connection</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">modulename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">databasename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tablename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable" title="apsw.VTTable"><span class="pre">VTTable</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTModule.Connect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>The parameters and return are identical to
 <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTModule.Create" title="apsw.VTModule.Create"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Create()</span></code></a>.  This method is called
 when there are additional references to the table.  <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTModule.Create" title="apsw.VTModule.Create"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Create()</span></code></a> will be called the first time and
@@ -134,7 +136,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTModule.Create">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTModule.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Create</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">connection</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">modulename</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">databasename</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tablename</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">[</span> <span class="pre">sql</span> <span class="pre">string,</span> <span class="pre">table</span> <span class="pre">object</span> <span class="pre">]</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTModule.Create" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTModule.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Create</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">connection</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><span class="pre">Connection</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">modulename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">databasename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tablename</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable" title="apsw.VTTable"><span class="pre">VTTable</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTModule.Create" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Called when a table is first created on a <a class="reference internal" href="connection.html#apsw.Connection" title="apsw.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection</span></code></a>.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
@@ -158,15 +160,15 @@
 
 </section>
 <section id="vttable-class">
-<h2>VTTable class<a class="headerlink" href="#vttable-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>VTTable class<a class="headerlink" href="#vttable-class" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <dl class="py class">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTTable">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">VTTable</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><div class="admonition note">
 <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p>There is no actual <em>VTTable</em> class - it is just shown this way for
-documentation convenience.  Your table instance should implement
-the methods documented here.</p>
+<p>There is no actual <em>VTTable</em> class - it is shown this way for
+documentation convenience and is present as a <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol">typing protocol</a>.
+Your table instance should implement the methods documented here.</p>
 </div>
 <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable" title="apsw.VTTable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTTable</span></code></a> object contains knowledge of the indices, makes
 cursors and can perform transactions.</p>
@@ -181,16 +183,16 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTTable.Begin">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Begin</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.Begin" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Begin</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.Begin" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>This function is used as part of transactions.  You do not have to
 provide the method.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTTable.BestIndex">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">BestIndex</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">constraints</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">orderbys</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.BestIndex" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">BestIndex</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">constraints</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Sequence</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">orderbys</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Sequence</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Any</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.BestIndex" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>This is a complex method. To get going initially, just return
-<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> and you will be fine. Implementing this method reduces
+<em>None</em> and you will be fine. Implementing this method reduces
 the number of rows scanned in your table to satisfy queries, but
 only if you have an index or index like mechanism available.</p>
 <div class="admonition note">
@@ -361,23 +363,24 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTTable.Commit">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Commit</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.Commit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Commit</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.Commit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>This function is used as part of transactions.  You do not have to
 provide the method.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTTable.Destroy">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Destroy</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.Destroy" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Destroy</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.Destroy" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>The opposite of <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTModule.Create" title="apsw.VTModule.Create"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTModule.Create()</span></code></a>.  This method is called when
 the table is no longer used.  Note that you must always release
 resources even if you intend to return an error, as it will not be
-called again on error.  SQLite may also <a class="reference external" href="https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=2099">leak memory</a> if you return an error.</p>
+called again on error.  SQLite may also leak memory
+if you return an error.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTTable.Disconnect">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Disconnect</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.Disconnect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Disconnect</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.Disconnect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>The opposite of <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTModule.Connect" title="apsw.VTModule.Connect"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTModule.Connect()</span></code></a>.  This method is called when
 a reference to a virtual table is no longer used, but <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable.Destroy" title="apsw.VTTable.Destroy"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTTable.Destroy()</span></code></a> will
 be called when the table is no longer used.</p>
@@ -385,7 +388,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTTable.FindFunction">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">FindFunction</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">nargs</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.FindFunction" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">FindFunction</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">nargs</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.FindFunction" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Called to find if the virtual table has its own implementation of a
 particular scalar function. You should return the function if you
 have it, else return None. You do not have to provide this method.</p>
@@ -412,13 +415,13 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTTable.Open">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Open</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.Open" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Open</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTCursor" title="apsw.VTCursor"><span class="pre">VTCursor</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.Open" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Returns a <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTCursor" title="apsw.VTCursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cursor</span></code></a> object.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTTable.Rename">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Rename</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">newname</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.Rename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Rename</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">newname</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.Rename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Notification that the table will be given a new name. If you return
 without raising an exception, then SQLite renames the table (you
 don’t have to do anything). If you raise an exception then the
@@ -427,21 +430,21 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTTable.Rollback">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Rollback</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.Rollback" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Rollback</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.Rollback" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>This function is used as part of transactions.  You do not have to
 provide the method.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTTable.Sync">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Sync</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.Sync" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Sync</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.Sync" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>This function is used as part of transactions.  You do not have to
 provide the method.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTTable.UpdateChangeRow">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">UpdateChangeRow</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">row</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">newrowid</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fields</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.UpdateChangeRow" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">UpdateChangeRow</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">row</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">newrowid</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fields</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.UpdateChangeRow" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Change an existing row.  You may also need to change the rowid - for example if the query was
 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UPDATE</span> <span class="pre">table</span> <span class="pre">SET</span> <span class="pre">rowid=rowid+100</span> <span class="pre">WHERE</span> <span class="pre">...</span></code></p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
@@ -457,7 +460,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTTable.UpdateDeleteRow">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">UpdateDeleteRow</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">rowid</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.UpdateDeleteRow" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">UpdateDeleteRow</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">rowid</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.UpdateDeleteRow" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Delete the row with the specified <em>rowid</em>.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
@@ -468,18 +471,18 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTTable.UpdateInsertRow">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">UpdateInsertRow</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">rowid</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fields</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">newrowid</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.UpdateInsertRow" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTTable.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">UpdateInsertRow</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">rowid</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fields</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">,</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">...</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTTable.UpdateInsertRow" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Insert a row with the specified <em>rowid</em>.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
 <dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
-<li><p><strong>rowid</strong> – <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> if you should choose the rowid yourself, else a 64 bit integer</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>rowid</strong> – <em>None</em> if you should choose the rowid yourself, else a 64 bit integer</p></li>
 <li><p><strong>fields</strong> – A tuple of values the same length and order as columns in your table</p></li>
 </ul>
 </dd>
 <dt class="field-even">Returns</dt>
-<dd class="field-even"><p>If <em>rowid</em> was <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> then return the id you assigned
-to the row.  If <em>rowid</em> was not <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> then the return value
+<dd class="field-even"><p>If <em>rowid</em> was <em>None</em> then return the id you assigned
+to the row.  If <em>rowid</em> was not <em>None</em> then the return value
 is ignored.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
@@ -487,30 +490,30 @@
 
 </section>
 <section id="vtcursor-class">
-<h2>VTCursor class<a class="headerlink" href="#vtcursor-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<h2>VTCursor class<a class="headerlink" href="#vtcursor-class" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <dl class="py class">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTCursor">
 <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">VTCursor</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTCursor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><div class="admonition note">
+<dd></dd></dl>
+
+<div class="admonition note">
 <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><p>There is no actual <em>VTCursor</em> class - it is just shown this
-way for documentation convenience.  Your cursor instance should
-implement all the methods documented here.</p>
-</div></blockquote>
+<p>There is no actual <em>VTCursor</em> class - it is shown this way for
+documentation convenience and is present as a <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol">typing protocol</a>.
+Your cursor instance should implement all the methods documented
+here.</p>
+</div>
 <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTCursor" title="apsw.VTCursor"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTCursor</span></code></a> object is used for iterating over a table.
 There may be many cursors simultaneously so each one needs to keep
-track of where it is.</p>
+track of where      <a class="reference internal" href="#vtablestructure"><span class="std std-ref">Virtual table structure</span></a>
+it is.</p>
 <div class="admonition seealso">
 <p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
 <p><a class="reference internal" href="#vtablestructure"><span class="std std-ref">Virtual table structure</span></a></p>
 </div>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTCursor.Close">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTCursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Close</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTCursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Close</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>This is the destructor for the cursor. Note that you must
 cleanup. The method will not be called again if you raise an
 exception.</p>
@@ -518,7 +521,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTCursor.Column">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTCursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Column</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">number</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Column" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTCursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Column</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">number</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference internal" href="apsw.html#apsw.SQLiteValue" title="apsw.SQLiteValue"><span class="pre">SQLiteValue</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Column" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Requests the value of the specified column <em>number</em> of the current
 row.  If <em>number</em> is -1 then return the rowid.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
@@ -531,7 +534,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTCursor.Eof">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTCursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Eof</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">bool</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Eof" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTCursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Eof</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">bool</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Eof" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Called to ask if we are at the end of the table. It is called after each call to Filter and Next.</p>
 <dl class="field-list simple">
 <dt class="field-odd">Returns</dt>
@@ -548,7 +551,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTCursor.Filter">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTCursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Filter</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">indexnum</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">indexname</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">constraintargs</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Filter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTCursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Filter</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">indexnum</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">indexname</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">str</span></a></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">constraintargs</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">Optional</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">[</span></span><span class="pre">Tuple</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">]</span></span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Filter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>This method is always called first to initialize an iteration to the
 first row of the table. The arguments come from the
 <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable.BestIndex" title="apsw.VTTable.BestIndex"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BestIndex()</span></code></a> method in the <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable" title="apsw.VTTable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">table</span></code></a>
@@ -559,7 +562,7 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTCursor.Next">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTCursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Next</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Next" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTCursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Next</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#None" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">None</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Next" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Move the cursor to the next row.  Do not have an exception if there
 is no next row.  Instead return False when <a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Eof" title="apsw.VTCursor.Eof"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Eof()</span></code></a> is
 subsequently called.</p>
@@ -571,16 +574,13 @@
 
 <dl class="py method">
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="apsw.VTCursor.Rowid">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTCursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Rowid</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">64</span> <span class="pre">bit</span> <span class="pre">integer</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Rowid" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">VTCursor.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Rowid</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int" title="(in Python v3.11)"><span class="pre">int</span></a></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Rowid" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
 <dd><p>Return the current rowid.</p>
 </dd></dl>
 
 </section>
 <section id="troubleshooting-virtual-tables">
-<h2>Troubleshooting virtual tables<a class="headerlink" href="#troubleshooting-virtual-tables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>Virtual Tables are a relatively recent addition to SQLite and haven’t
-been widely used yet. They do work well if all your routines work
-perfectly.</p>
+<h2>Troubleshooting virtual tables<a class="headerlink" href="#troubleshooting-virtual-tables" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <p>A big help is using the local variables recipe as described in
 <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#augmentedstacktraces"><span class="std std-ref">augmented stack traces</span></a> which will give
 you more details in errors, and shows an example with the complex
@@ -606,23 +606,65 @@
       </div>
       <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
         <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
-  <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
-  <ul>
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Virtual Tables</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#vtmodule-class">VTModule class</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#vttable-class">VTTable class</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#vtcursor-class">VTCursor class</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#vtmodule-class">VTModule class</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTModule"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTModule</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTModule.Connect"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTModule.Connect()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTModule.Create"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTModule.Create()</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#vttable-class">VTTable class</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTTable</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable.Begin"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTTable.Begin()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable.BestIndex"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTTable.BestIndex()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable.Commit"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTTable.Commit()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable.Destroy"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTTable.Destroy()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable.Disconnect"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTTable.Disconnect()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable.FindFunction"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTTable.FindFunction()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable.Open"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTTable.Open()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable.Rename"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTTable.Rename()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable.Rollback"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTTable.Rollback()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable.Sync"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTTable.Sync()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable.UpdateChangeRow"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTTable.UpdateChangeRow()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable.UpdateDeleteRow"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTTable.UpdateDeleteRow()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTTable.UpdateInsertRow"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTTable.UpdateInsertRow()</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#vtcursor-class">VTCursor class</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTCursor"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTCursor</span></code></a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Close"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTCursor.Close()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Column"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTCursor.Column()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Eof"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTCursor.Eof()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Filter"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTCursor.Filter()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Next"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTCursor.Next()</span></code></a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#apsw.VTCursor.Rowid"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTCursor.Rowid()</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#troubleshooting-virtual-tables">Troubleshooting virtual tables</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
 
-  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="backup.html"
-                        title="previous chapter">Backup</a></p>
-  <h4>Next topic</h4>
-  <p class="topless"><a href="vfs.html"
-                        title="next chapter">Virtual File System (VFS)</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Previous topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="backup.html"
+                          title="previous chapter">Backup</a></p>
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <h4>Next topic</h4>
+    <p class="topless"><a href="vfs.html"
+                          title="next chapter">Virtual File System (VFS)</a></p>
+  </div>
   <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
     <h3>This Page</h3>
     <ul class="this-page-menu">
@@ -639,7 +681,7 @@
     </form>
     </div>
 </div>
-<script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
         </div>
       </div>
       <div class="clearer"></div>
@@ -659,15 +701,15 @@
         <li class="right" >
           <a href="backup.html" title="Backup"
              >previous</a> |</li>
-        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.39.2.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
+        <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">APSW 3.40.0.0 documentation</a> &#187;</li>
         <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">Virtual Tables</a></li> 
       </ul>
     </div>
 
     <div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
         &#169; <a href="copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2004-2022, Roger Binns &lt;rogerb@rogerbinns.com&gt;.
-      Last updated on Jul 31, 2022.
-      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2.
+      Last updated on Nov 27, 2022.
+      Created using <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 5.2.0.
     </div>
 <div class="footer">This page uses <a href="http://analytics.google.com/">
 Google Analytics</a> to collect statistics. You can disable it by blocking
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/MANIFEST.in python-apsw-3.40.0.0/MANIFEST.in
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/MANIFEST.in	2022-06-14 12:55:26.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/MANIFEST.in	2022-10-18 09:40:42.000000000 +0000
@@ -11,12 +11,14 @@
 # other files
 include apsw/__init__.pyi
 include apsw/py.typed
+include apsw/shell.py
+include apsw/speedtest.py
+include apsw/trace.py
+include apsw/tests.py
 include LICENSE
 include checksums
 include setup.cfg
 include setup.py
-include tools/speedtest.py
-include tools/apswtrace.py
-# shell is not needed at runtime - we compile it into the C source
-include tools/shell.py
-include tests.py
+
+# Long description comes from this
+README.rst
\ No newline at end of file
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/PKG-INFO python-apsw-3.40.0.0/PKG-INFO
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/PKG-INFO	2022-07-31 06:50:52.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/PKG-INFO	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,16 +1,11 @@
-Metadata-Version: 1.1
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
 Name: apsw
-Version: 3.39.2.0
+Version: 3.40.0.0
 Summary: Another Python SQLite Wrapper
 Home-page: https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/
 Author: Roger Binns
 Author-email: rogerb@rogerbinns.com
 License: OSI Approved
-Description: A Python wrapper for the SQLite embedded relational database engine.
-            APSW exposes SQLite as it really is, while the stdlib sqlite3
-            module makes SQLite look like other databases via DBAPI.
-            Everything you can do from the SQLite C API, you can do from APSW.
-            
 Keywords: database,sqlite
 Platform: any
 Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
@@ -20,3 +15,77 @@
 Classifier: Programming Language :: C
 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
 Classifier: Topic :: Database :: Front-Ends
+License-File: LICENSE
+
+APSW stands for **A**\ nother **P**\ ython **S**\ QLite **W**\ rapper.   APSW
+supports CPython 3.6 onwards.
+
+About
+=====
+
+APSW is a Python wrapper for the `SQLite <https://sqlite.org/>`__
+embedded relational database engine.  It focuses translating between
+the complete `SQLite C API <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/intro.html>`__
+and `Python's C API <https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/index.html>`__, 
+letting you get the most out of SQLite from Python.
+
+It is recommended to use the builtin `sqlite3 module
+<https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html>`__ if you want SQLite
+to be interchangeable with the other database drivers.
+
+Use APSW when you want to use SQLite fully, and have an improved
+developer experience.  The `documentation
+<https://rogerbinns.github.io/apsw/pysqlite.html>`__ has a section on
+the differences between APSW and sqlite3.
+
+Help/Documentation
+==================
+
+The latest documentation is at https://rogerbinns.github.io/apsw/
+
+Mailing lists/contacts
+======================
+
+* `Python SQLite discussion group <http://groups.google.com/group/python-sqlite>`__
+  (preferred)
+* You can also email the author at `rogerb@rogerbinns.com
+  <mailto:rogerb@rogerbinns.com>`__
+
+Releases and Changes
+====================
+
+Releases are made to `PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/apsw/>`__
+(install using pip) and `Github
+<https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/releases>`__
+
+New release announcements are sent to the `Python SQLite discussion
+group <http://groups.google.com/group/python-sqlite>`__ and there is
+an `RSS feed from PyPI
+<https://pypi.org/rss/project/apsw/releases.xml>`__.
+
+`Full detailed list of changes <http://rogerbinns.github.io/apsw/changes.html>`__
+
+Bugs
+====
+
+You can find existing and fixed bugs by clicking on `Issues
+<https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues>`__ and using "New Issue"
+to report previously unknown issues.
+
+License
+=======
+
+See `LICENSE
+<https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/blob/master/LICENSE>`__ - in
+essence any OSI approved open source license.
+
+Older Python versions
+=====================
+
+A `release
+<https://www.rogerbinns.com/blog/apsw-ending-python2early3.html>`__
+from January 2022 supports all CPython versions back to 2.3.  The
+`tips <https://rogerbinns.github.io/apsw/tips.html>`__ include more
+information about versions.
+
+
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/README.rst python-apsw-3.40.0.0/README.rst
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/README.rst	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/README.rst	2022-10-18 09:40:42.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+APSW stands for **A**\ nother **P**\ ython **S**\ QLite **W**\ rapper.   APSW
+supports CPython 3.6 onwards.
+
+About
+=====
+
+APSW is a Python wrapper for the `SQLite <https://sqlite.org/>`__
+embedded relational database engine.  It focuses translating between
+the complete `SQLite C API <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/intro.html>`__
+and `Python's C API <https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/index.html>`__, 
+letting you get the most out of SQLite from Python.
+
+It is recommended to use the builtin `sqlite3 module
+<https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html>`__ if you want SQLite
+to be interchangeable with the other database drivers.
+
+Use APSW when you want to use SQLite fully, and have an improved
+developer experience.  The `documentation
+<https://rogerbinns.github.io/apsw/pysqlite.html>`__ has a section on
+the differences between APSW and sqlite3.
+
+Help/Documentation
+==================
+
+The latest documentation is at https://rogerbinns.github.io/apsw/
+
+Mailing lists/contacts
+======================
+
+* `Python SQLite discussion group <http://groups.google.com/group/python-sqlite>`__
+  (preferred)
+* You can also email the author at `rogerb@rogerbinns.com
+  <mailto:rogerb@rogerbinns.com>`__
+
+Releases and Changes
+====================
+
+Releases are made to `PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/apsw/>`__
+(install using pip) and `Github
+<https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/releases>`__
+
+New release announcements are sent to the `Python SQLite discussion
+group <http://groups.google.com/group/python-sqlite>`__ and there is
+an `RSS feed from PyPI
+<https://pypi.org/rss/project/apsw/releases.xml>`__.
+
+`Full detailed list of changes <http://rogerbinns.github.io/apsw/changes.html>`__
+
+Bugs
+====
+
+You can find existing and fixed bugs by clicking on `Issues
+<https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues>`__ and using "New Issue"
+to report previously unknown issues.
+
+License
+=======
+
+See `LICENSE
+<https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/blob/master/LICENSE>`__ - in
+essence any OSI approved open source license.
+
+Older Python versions
+=====================
+
+A `release
+<https://www.rogerbinns.com/blog/apsw-ending-python2early3.html>`__
+from January 2022 supports all CPython versions back to 2.3.  The
+`tips <https://rogerbinns.github.io/apsw/tips.html>`__ include more
+information about versions.
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/setup.cfg python-apsw-3.40.0.0/setup.cfg
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/setup.cfg	2022-06-01 12:04:46.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/setup.cfg	2022-11-27 14:16:58.000000000 +0000
@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-# You can put ini format directives here in addition to command line flags
+[egg_info]
+tag_build = 
+tag_date = 0
+
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/setup.py python-apsw-3.40.0.0/setup.py
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/setup.py	2022-07-30 07:56:36.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/setup.py	2022-11-25 06:27:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -13,20 +13,13 @@
 import subprocess
 import sysconfig
 import shutil
+import pathlib
 
-using_setuptools = False
-try:
-    if not os.getenv("APSW_USE_DISTUTILS"):
-        from setuptools import setup, Extension, Command
-        from setuptools.command import build_ext, sdist
-        from distutils.command import build
-        using_setuptools = True
-    else:
-        raise ImportError("use distutils")
-except ImportError:
-    from distutils.core import setup, Extension, Command
-    from distutils.command import build_ext, build, sdist
+from setuptools import setup, Extension, Command
+from setuptools.command import build_ext, sdist
+from distutils.command import build
 
+# This is used to find the compiler for building the test extension
 import distutils.ccompiler
 
 include_dirs = ['src']
@@ -115,9 +108,9 @@
 
     def run(self):
         import unittest
-        import tests
-        tests.setup()
-        suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(tests)
+        import apsw.tests
+        apsw.tests.setup()
+        suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(apsw.tests)
         # verbosity of zero doesn't print anything, one prints a dot
         # per test and two prints each test name
         result = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=self.show_tests + 1).run(suite)
@@ -465,14 +458,18 @@
                   [ ("enable=", None, "Enable SQLite options (comma separated list)"),
                     ("omit=", None, "Omit SQLite functionality (comma separated list)"),
                     ("enable-all-extensions", None, "Enable all SQLite extensions"),
+                    ("use-system-sqlite-config", None, "Uses system SQLite library config (enabled/omitted APIs etc)"),
+                    ("definevalues=", None, "Additional defines eg --definevalues SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED=37,SQLITE_EXTRA_INIT=mycore_init")
                     ]
-    boolean_options = beparent.boolean_options + ["enable-all-extensions"]
+    boolean_options = beparent.boolean_options + ["enable-all-extensions", "use-system-sqlite-config"]
 
     def initialize_options(self):
         v = beparent.initialize_options(self)
         self.enable = build_enable
         self.omit = build_omit
         self.enable_all_extensions = build_enable_all_extensions
+        self.definevalues = None
+        self.use_system_sqlite_config = False
         return v
 
     def finalize_options(self):
@@ -501,6 +498,13 @@
         if not ext.library_dirs: ext.library_dirs = []
         if not ext.libraries: ext.libraries = []
 
+        if self.definevalues:
+            for define in self.definevalues.split(","):
+                define = define.split("=", 1)
+                if len(define) != 2:
+                    define.append("1")
+                ext.define_macros.append(tuple(define))
+
         # Fixup debug setting
         if self.debug:
             # distutils forces NDEBUG even with --debug so overcome that
@@ -524,9 +528,7 @@
             # we also add the directory to include path since icu tries to use it
             ext.include_dirs.insert(0, os.path.dirname(path))
             write("SQLite: Using amalgamation", path)
-            load_extension = True
         else:
-            load_extension = False
             d = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "sqlite3")
             if os.path.isdir(d):
                 write("SQLite: Using include/libraries in sqlite3 subdirectory")
@@ -536,10 +538,13 @@
                 write("SQLite: Using system sqlite include/libraries")
             ext.libraries.append('sqlite3')
 
-        # sqlite3config.h is generated by running configure (optional)
+        if self.use_system_sqlite_config:
+            set_config_from_system("sqlite3/sqlite3config.h")
+
+        # sqlite3config.h is generated by running configure (optional) or --use-system-sqlite-config
         s3config = os.path.join(ext.include_dirs[0] if ext.include_dirs else ".", "sqlite3config.h")
         if os.path.exists(s3config):
-            write(f"SQLite: Using configure generated { s3config }")
+            write(f"SQLite: Using generated { s3config }")
             ext.define_macros.append(('APSW_USE_SQLITE_CONFIG', '1'))
 
         # enables
@@ -547,9 +552,6 @@
         if self.enable:
             for e in self.enable.split(","):
                 e = e.strip()
-                if e.lower() == "load_extension":
-                    load_extension = True
-                    continue
                 ext.define_macros.append(("SQLITE_ENABLE_" + e.upper(), 1))
                 if e.upper() == "ICU":
                     addicuinclib = True
@@ -573,13 +575,8 @@
         if self.omit:
             for e in self.omit.split(","):
                 e = e.strip()
-                if e.lower() == "load_extension":
-                    load_extension = False
                 ext.define_macros.append(("SQLITE_OMIT_" + e.upper(), 1))
 
-        if not load_extension:
-            ext.define_macros.append(("SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION", 1))
-
         # icu
         if addicuinclib:
             foundicu = False
@@ -623,15 +620,6 @@
                 write("ICU: Unable to determine includes/libraries for ICU using pkg-config or icu-config")
                 write("ICU: You will need to manually edit setup.py or setup.cfg to set them")
 
-        # files included in c
-        for src, dest in (
-            ("tools/shell.py", "src/shell.c"),
-        ):
-            if not os.path.exists(dest) or \
-                os.path.getmtime(dest)<os.path.getmtime(src) or \
-                os.path.getmtime(__file__)>os.path.getmtime(dest):
-                    create_c_file(src, dest)
-
         # done ...
         return v
 
@@ -708,6 +696,67 @@
                 add_doc(archive, self.distribution.get_fullname())
         return v
 
+def set_config_from_system(outputfilename: str):
+    import ctypes, ctypes.util
+
+    try:
+        # ensure file does not exist if we fail (it could exist from
+        # previous run)
+        os.remove(outputfilename)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        pass
+
+    libpath = ctypes.util.find_library("sqlite3")
+    if not libpath:
+        sys.exit("Could not find system sqlite3 library using ctypes.util.find_library")
+    print("Extracting configuration from", libpath)
+
+    lib = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(libpath)
+
+    func = lib.sqlite3_compileoption_get
+    func.argtypes = [ctypes.c_int]
+    func.restype = ctypes.c_char_p
+
+    configs = {}
+
+    i = 0
+    while True:
+        s = func(i)
+        if not s:
+            break
+        s = "SQLITE_" + s.decode("utf8")
+        s = s.split("=", 1)
+        if len(s) == 1:
+            s.append(1)
+        try:
+            # intify value if str(int(value)) == value
+            v = int(s[1])
+            if str(v) == s[1]:
+                s[1] = v
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        configs[s[0]] = s[1]
+        i += 1
+
+    # we have to do some cleanup ...
+    if configs["SQLITE_THREADSAFE"] and not configs.get("SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP"):
+        # remove individual muitex configs because sqlite always redefines them
+        for k in {"SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS", "SQLITE_MUTEX_W32"}:
+            if k in configs:
+                del configs[k]
+    # always remove these
+    for k in {"SQLITE_COMPILER"}:
+        if k in configs:
+            del configs[k]
+
+
+    # write out the results
+    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(outputfilename), exist_ok=True)
+    with open(outputfilename, "wt", encoding="utf8") as f:
+        for c, v in sorted(configs.items()):
+            print(f"#undef  { c }", file=f)
+            print(f"#define { c } { v }", file=f)
+
 
 def help_walker(arcdir):
     # Provides a list of (archive name, disk name) for all the help files
@@ -749,40 +798,18 @@
         raise Exception("Don't know what to do with " + archive)
 
 
-def create_c_file(src, dest):
-    # Transforms Python src into C dest as a sequence of strings.
-    out = ["/* Automatically generated by setup.py from " + src + " */", ""]
-    for line in read_whole_file(src, "rt").split("\n"):
-        if "if__name__=='__main__':" in line.replace(" ", ""):
-            break
-        if line.strip().startswith('#'):  # full line comment
-            continue
-        if line.strip() == "import apsw":
-            continue
-        line=line.replace("\\", "\\\\").\
-              replace('"', '\\"')
-        out.append('  "' + line.rstrip() + '\\n"')
-    write_whole_file(dest, "wt", "\n".join(out))
-
 
 # We depend on every .[ch] file in src
 depends = [f for f in glob.glob("src/*.[ch]") if f != "src/apsw.c"]
 for f in (findamalgamation(), ):
     if f:
         depends.append(f)
-# we produce a .c file from this
-depends.append("tools/shell.py")
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     setup(name="apsw",
         version=version,
         description="Another Python SQLite Wrapper",
-        long_description=\
-    """A Python wrapper for the SQLite embedded relational database engine.
-    APSW exposes SQLite as it really is, while the stdlib sqlite3
-    module makes SQLite look like other databases via DBAPI.
-    Everything you can do from the SQLite C API, you can do from APSW.
-    """,
+        long_description=pathlib.Path("README.rst").read_text(encoding="utf8"),
         author="Roger Binns",
         author_email="rogerb@rogerbinns.com",
         url="https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/",
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/apsw.c python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/apsw.c
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/apsw.c	2022-07-30 07:59:38.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/apsw.c	2022-11-25 06:27:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@
 <https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html>`__ are included, and
 your code using apsw can be checked using tools like `mypy
 <http://mypy-lang.org/>`__.  You can refer to the types below for
-your annotations (eg as :code:`apsw.SQLiteValue`)
+your annotations (eg as :class:`apsw.SQLiteValue`)
 
-.. literalinclude:: ../doc/typing.rstgen
+.. include:: ../doc/typing.rstgen
 
 API Reference
 =============
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@
   It is unlikely you will want to call this method and there is no
   need to do so.  It is a **really** bad idea to call it unless you
   are absolutely sure all :class:`connections <Connection>`,
-  :class:`blobs <blob>`, :class:`cursors <Cursor>`, :class:`vfs <VFS>`
+  :class:`blobs <Blob>`, :class:`cursors <Cursor>`, :class:`vfs <VFS>`
   etc have been closed, deleted and garbage collected.
 
   -* sqlite3_shutdown
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@
 
   .. seealso::
 
-    * :ref:`Status example <example-status>`
+    * :ref:`Status example <example_status>`
 
   -* sqlite3_status64
 
@@ -706,17 +706,6 @@
   Py_RETURN_FALSE;
 }
 
-#if defined(APSW_TESTFIXTURES) && defined(APSW_USE_SQLITE_AMALGAMATION)
-/* a routine to reset the random number generator so that we can test xRandomness */
-static PyObject *
-apsw_test_reset_rng(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(self))
-{
-  /* See sqlite3PrngResetState in sqlite's random.c */
-  GLOBAL(struct sqlite3PrngType, sqlite3Prng).isInit = 0;
-
-  Py_RETURN_NONE;
-}
-#endif
 
 #ifdef APSW_TESTFIXTURES
 static PyObject *
@@ -1235,12 +1224,6 @@
   return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Unsupported type");
 }
 
-/** .. automethod:: main()
-
-  Sphinx automethod is too stupid, so this text is replaced by
-  my code with the actual docstring from tools.py:main().
-*/
-
 /** .. method:: log(errorcode: int, message: str) -> None
 
     Calls the SQLite logging interface.  Note that you must format the
@@ -1269,6 +1252,22 @@
   Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+apsw_getattr(PyObject *module, PyObject *name)
+{
+  PyObject *shellmodule = NULL, *res = NULL;
+  const char *cname = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(name);
+
+  if (strcmp(cname, "Shell") && strcmp(cname, "main"))
+    return PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError, "Unknown apsw attribute %R", name);
+
+  shellmodule = PyImport_ImportModule("apsw.shell");
+  if (shellmodule)
+    res = PyObject_GetAttrString(shellmodule, cname);
+  Py_XDECREF(shellmodule);
+  return res;
+}
+
 static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
     {"sqlite3_sourceid", (PyCFunction)get_sqlite3_sourceid, METH_NOARGS,
      Apsw_sqlite3_sourceid_DOC},
@@ -1306,10 +1305,6 @@
      Apsw_exceptionfor_DOC},
     {"complete", (PyCFunction)apswcomplete, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
      Apsw_complete_DOC},
-#if defined(APSW_TESTFIXTURES) && defined(APSW_USE_SQLITE_AMALGAMATION)
-    {"test_reset_rng", (PyCFunction)apsw_test_reset_rng, METH_NOARGS,
-     "Resets random number generator so we can test vfs xRandomness"},
-#endif
 #ifdef APSW_TESTFIXTURES
     {"_fini", (PyCFunction)apsw_fini, METH_NOARGS,
      "Frees all caches and recycle lists"},
@@ -1318,15 +1313,10 @@
     {"fork_checker", (PyCFunction)apsw_fork_checker, METH_NOARGS,
      Apsw_fork_checker_DOC},
 #endif
-    {0, 0, 0, 0} /* Sentinel */
+    {"__getattr__", (PyCFunction)apsw_getattr, METH_O, "foo"},
+    {  0, 0, 0, 0} /* Sentinel */
 };
 
-static void add_py_code_string(PyObject *module, const char *);
-
-static const char *apsw_shell_code =
-#include "shell.c"
-    ;
-
 static struct PyModuleDef apswmoduledef = {
     PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
     "apsw",
@@ -1454,11 +1444,11 @@
 
 SQLite has `many constants
 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/constlist.html>`_ used in various
-interfaces.  To use a constant such as :const:`SQLITE_OK`, just
+interfaces.  To use a constant such as *SQLITE_OK*, just
 use ``apsw.SQLITE_OK``.
 
 The same values can be used in different contexts. For example
-:const:`SQLITE_OK` and :const:`SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX` both have a value
+*SQLITE_OK* and *SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX* both have a value
 of zero. For each group of constants there is also a mapping (dict)
 available that you can supply a string to and get the corresponding
 numeric value, or supply a numeric value and get the corresponding
@@ -1920,7 +1910,15 @@
         ADDINT(SQLITE_TXN_NONE),
         ADDINT(SQLITE_TXN_READ),
         ADDINT(SQLITE_TXN_WRITE),
-        END};
+        END,
+
+        DICT("mapping_prepare_flags"),
+        ADDINT(SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT),
+        ADDINT(SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE),
+        ADDINT(SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB),
+        END
+
+        };
 
     for (i = 0; i < sizeof(integers) / sizeof(integers[0]); i++)
     {
@@ -1962,11 +1960,19 @@
     assert(thedict == NULL);
   }
 
-  add_py_code_string(m, apsw_shell_code);
-
   PyModule_AddObject(m, "compile_options", get_compile_options());
   PyModule_AddObject(m, "keywords", get_keywords());
 
+  {
+    PyObject *mod = PyImport_ImportModule("collections.abc");
+    if(mod)
+    {
+      collections_abc_Mapping = PyObject_GetAttrString(mod, "Mapping");
+      Py_DECREF(mod);
+    }
+    assert(collections_abc_Mapping);
+  }
+
   if (!PyErr_Occurred())
   {
     return m;
@@ -1977,27 +1983,6 @@
   return NULL;
 }
 
-
-static void
-add_py_code_string(PyObject *apswmodule, const char *code_string)
-{
-  PyObject *res = NULL, *maindict = NULL, *apswdict = NULL;
-
-  maindict = PyModule_GetDict(PyImport_AddModule("__main__"));
-  apswdict = PyModule_GetDict(apswmodule);
-  PyDict_SetItemString(apswdict, "__builtins__", PyDict_GetItemString(maindict, "__builtins__"));
-  PyDict_SetItemString(apswdict, "apsw", apswmodule);
-
-  res = PyRun_StringFlags(code_string, Py_file_input, apswdict, apswdict, NULL);
-  if (!res)
-  {
-    PyErr_Print();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  Py_DECREF(res);
-}
-
 #ifdef _WIN32
 /* This exists because of issue #327 with the Windows compiler
    looking to export this.  It isn't called in my testing */
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/apsw.docstrings python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/apsw.docstrings
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/apsw.docstrings	2022-07-26 13:46:02.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/apsw.docstrings	2022-11-24 09:20:02.000000000 +0000
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@
 ".. seealso::\n" \
 "  :meth:`status`\n" \
 "\n" \
+"\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_memory_used <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/memory_highwater.html>`__\n" 
 
 #define  Apsw_randomness_DOC "randomness($self,amount)\n--\n\napsw.randomness(amount: int)  -> bytes\n\n" \
@@ -207,7 +208,7 @@
 "It is unlikely you will want to call this method and there is no\n" \
 "need to do so.  It is a **really** bad idea to call it unless you\n" \
 "are absolutely sure all :class:`connections <Connection>`,\n" \
-":class:`blobs <blob>`, :class:`cursors <Cursor>`, :class:`vfs <VFS>`\n" \
+":class:`blobs <Blob>`, :class:`cursors <Cursor>`, :class:`vfs <VFS>`\n" \
 "etc have been closed, deleted and garbage collected.\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_shutdown <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/initialize.html>`__\n" 
@@ -247,7 +248,7 @@
 "\n" \
 ".. seealso::\n" \
 "\n" \
-"  * :ref:`Status example <example-status>`\n" \
+"  * :ref:`Status example <example_status>`\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_status64 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/status.html>`__\n" 
 
@@ -264,10 +265,12 @@
 "Returns a list of the currently installed :ref:`vfs <vfs>`.  The first\n" \
 "item in the list is the default vfs.\n" 
 
+#define  Backup_class_DOC "You create a backup instance by calling :meth:`Connection.backup`.\n" 
+
 #define  Backup_close_DOC "close($self,force=False)\n--\n\nBackup.close(force: bool = False) -> None\n\n" \
-"Does the same thing as :meth:`~backup.finish`.  This extra api is\n" \
+"Does the same thing as :meth:`~Backup.finish`.  This extra api is\n" \
 "provided to give the same api as other APSW objects such as\n" \
-":meth:`Connection.close`, :meth:`blob.close` and\n" \
+":meth:`Connection.close`, :meth:`Blob.close` and\n" \
 ":meth:`Cursor.close`.  It is safe to call this method multiple\n" \
 "times.\n" \
 "\n" \
@@ -283,19 +286,19 @@
 
 #define  Backup_done_DOC ":type: bool\n" \
 "\n" \
-"A boolean that is True if the copy completed in the last call to :meth:`~backup.step`.\n" 
+"A boolean that is True if the copy completed in the last call to :meth:`~Backup.step`.\n" 
 
 #define  Backup_enter_DOC "__enter__($self)\n--\n\nBackup.__enter__() -> Backup\n\n" \
 "You can use the backup object as a `context manager\n" \
 "<http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html#with-statement-context-managers>`_\n" \
-"as defined in :pep:`0343`.  The :meth:`~backup.__exit__` method ensures that backup\n" \
-"is :meth:`finished <backup.finish>`.\n" 
+"as defined in :pep:`0343`.  The :meth:`~Backup.__exit__` method ensures that backup\n" \
+"is :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>`.\n" 
 
-#define  Backup_exit_DOC "__exit__($self,etype,evalue,etraceback)\n--\n\nBackup.__exit__(etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[TracebackType]) -> Literal[False]\n\n" \
-"Implements context manager in conjunction with :meth:`~backup.__enter__` ensuring\n" \
-"that the copy is :meth:`finished <backup.finish>`.\n" 
+#define  Backup_exit_DOC "__exit__($self,etype,evalue,etraceback)\n--\n\nBackup.__exit__(etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Optional[bool]\n\n" \
+"Implements context manager in conjunction with :meth:`~Backup.__enter__` ensuring\n" \
+"that the copy is :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>`.\n" 
 
-#define Backup_exit_USAGE "Backup.__exit__(etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[TracebackType]) -> Literal[False]"
+#define Backup_exit_USAGE "Backup.__exit__(etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Optional[bool]"
 
 #define Backup_exit_CHECK do { \
   assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(etype), PyObject *)); \
@@ -313,14 +316,11 @@
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_backup_finish <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html#sqlite3backupfinish>`__\n" 
 
-#define  Backup_init_DOC "__init__($self)\n--\n\nBackup.__init__() -> None\n\n" \
-"You create a backup instance by calling :meth:`Connection.backup`.\n" 
-
 #define  Backup_pagecount_DOC ":type: int\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Read only. How many pages were in the source database after the last\n" \
-"step.  If you haven't called :meth:`~backup.step` or the backup\n" \
-"object has been :meth:`finished <backup.finish>` then zero is\n" \
+"step.  If you haven't called :meth:`~Backup.step` or the backup\n" \
+"object has been :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>` then zero is\n" \
 "returned.\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_backup_pagecount <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html#sqlite3backuppagecount>`__\n" 
@@ -328,8 +328,8 @@
 #define  Backup_remaining_DOC ":type: int\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Read only. How many pages were remaining to be copied after the last\n" \
-"step.  If you haven't called :meth:`~backup.step` or the backup\n" \
-"object has been :meth:`finished <backup.finish>` then zero is\n" \
+"step.  If you haven't called :meth:`~Backup.step` or the backup\n" \
+"object has been :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>` then zero is\n" \
 "returned.\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_backup_remaining <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html#sqlite3backupremaining>`__\n" 
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@
 #define  Backup_step_DOC "step($self,npages=-1)\n--\n\nBackup.step(npages: int = -1) -> bool\n\n" \
 "Copies *npages* pages from the source to destination database.  The source database is locked during the copy so\n" \
 "using smaller values allows other access to the source database.  The destination database is always locked until the\n" \
-"backup object is :meth:`finished <backup.finish>`.\n" \
+"backup object is :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>`.\n" \
 "\n" \
 ":param npages: How many pages to copy. If the parameter is omitted\n" \
 "   or negative then all remaining pages are copied. The default page\n" \
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@
 "unable to lock the source database.  You can catch those and try\n" \
 "again.\n" \
 "\n" \
-":returns: True if this copied the last remaining outstanding pages, else false.  This is the same value as :attr:`~backup.done`\n" \
+":returns: True if this copied the last remaining outstanding pages, else false.  This is the same value as :attr:`~Backup.done`\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_backup_step <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/backup_finish.html#sqlite3backupstep>`__\n" 
 
@@ -361,6 +361,20 @@
 } while(0)
 
 
+#define  Blob_class_DOC "This object is created by :meth:`Connection.blobopen` and provides\n" \
+"access to a blob in the database.  It behaves like a Python file.\n" \
+"At the C level it wraps a `sqlite3_blob\n" \
+"<https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob.html>`_.\n" \
+"\n" \
+".. note::\n" \
+"\n" \
+"  You cannot change the size of a blob using this object. You should\n" \
+"  create it with the correct size in advance either by using\n" \
+"  :class:`zeroblob` or the `zeroblob()\n" \
+"  <https://sqlite.org/lang_corefunc.html>`_ function.\n" \
+"\n" \
+"See the :ref:`example <example_blob_io>`.\n" 
+
 #define  Blob_close_DOC "close($self,force=False)\n--\n\nBlob.close(force: bool = False) -> None\n\n" \
 "Closes the blob.  Note that even if an error occurs the blob is\n" \
 "still closed.\n" \
@@ -368,14 +382,14 @@
 ".. note::\n" \
 "\n" \
 "   In some cases errors that technically occurred in the\n" \
-"   :meth:`~blob.read` and :meth:`~blob.write` routines may not be\n" \
+"   :meth:`~Blob.read` and :meth:`~Blob.write` routines may not be\n" \
 "   reported until close is called.  Similarly errors that occurred\n" \
-"   in those methods (eg calling :meth:`~blob.write` on a read-only\n" \
-"   blob) may also be re-reported in :meth:`~blob.close`.  (This\n" \
+"   in those methods (eg calling :meth:`~Blob.write` on a read-only\n" \
+"   blob) may also be re-reported in :meth:`~Blob.close`.  (This\n" \
 "   behaviour is what the underlying SQLite APIs do - it is not APSW\n" \
 "   doing it.)\n" \
 "\n" \
-"It is okay to call :meth:`~blob.close` multiple times.\n" \
+"It is okay to call :meth:`~Blob.close` multiple times.\n" \
 "\n" \
 ":param force: Ignores any errors during close.\n" \
 "\n" \
@@ -393,7 +407,7 @@
 "You can use a blob as a `context manager\n" \
 "<http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html#with-statement-context-managers>`_\n" \
 "as defined in :pep:`0343`.  When you use *with* statement,\n" \
-"the blob is always :meth:`closed <~blob.close>` on exit from the block, even if an\n" \
+"the blob is always :meth:`closed <Blob.close>` on exit from the block, even if an\n" \
 "exception occurred in the block.\n" \
 "\n" \
 "For example::\n" \
@@ -402,26 +416,11 @@
 "      blob.write(\"...\")\n" \
 "      res=blob.read(1024)\n" 
 
-#define  Blob_exit_DOC "__exit__($self)\n--\n\nBlob.__exit__() -> Literal[False]\n\n" \
+#define  Blob_exit_DOC "__exit__($self,etype,evalue,etraceback)\n--\n\nBlob.__exit__(etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Optional[bool]\n\n" \
 "Implements context manager in conjunction with\n" \
-":meth:`~blob.__enter__`.  Any exception that happened in the\n" \
+":meth:`~Blob.__enter__`.  Any exception that happened in the\n" \
 "*with* block is raised after closing the blob.\n" 
 
-#define  Blob_init_DOC "__init__($self)\n--\n\nBlob.__init__() -> None\n\n" \
-"This object is created by :meth:`Connection.blobopen` and provides\n" \
-"access to a blob in the database.  It behaves like a Python file.\n" \
-"At the C level it wraps a `sqlite3_blob\n" \
-"<https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob.html>`_.\n" \
-"\n" \
-".. note::\n" \
-"\n" \
-"  You cannot change the size of a blob using this object. You should\n" \
-"  create it with the correct size in advance either by using\n" \
-"  :class:`zeroblob` or the `zeroblob()\n" \
-"  <https://sqlite.org/lang_corefunc.html>`_ function.\n" \
-"\n" \
-"See the :ref:`example <example-blobio>`.\n" 
-
 #define  Blob_length_DOC "length($self)\n--\n\nBlob.length() -> int\n\n" \
 "Returns the size of the blob in bytes.\n" \
 "\n" \
@@ -443,15 +442,15 @@
 } while(0)
 
 
-#define  Blob_readinto_DOC "readinto($self,buffer,offset=0,length=-1)\n--\n\nBlob.readinto(buffer: Union[bytearray, array[Any], memoryview], offset: int = 0, length: int = -1) -> None\n\n" \
+#define  Blob_readinto_DOC "readinto($self,buffer,offset=0,length=-1)\n--\n\nBlob.readinto(buffer: Union[bytearray, array.array[Any], memoryview], offset: int = 0, length: int = -1) -> None\n\n" \
 "Reads from the blob into a buffer you have supplied.  This method is\n" \
 "useful if you already have a buffer like object that data is being\n" \
-"assembled in, and avoids allocating results in :meth:`blob.read` and\n" \
+"assembled in, and avoids allocating results in :meth:`Blob.read` and\n" \
 "then copying into buffer.\n" \
 "\n" \
 ":param buffer: A writable buffer like object.\n" \
 "               There is a bytearray type that is very useful.\n" \
-"               :class:`array.array` also works.\n" \
+"               `arrays <https://docs.python.org/3/library/array.html>`__ also work.\n" \
 "\n" \
 ":param offset: The position to start writing into the buffer\n" \
 "               defaulting to the beginning.\n" \
@@ -459,11 +458,11 @@
 ":param length: How much of the blob to read.  The default is the\n" \
 "               remaining space left in the buffer.  Note that if\n" \
 "               there is more space available than blob left then you\n" \
-"               will get a :exc:`ValueError` exception.\n" \
+"               will get a *ValueError* exception.\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_blob_read <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_read.html>`__\n" 
 
-#define Blob_readinto_USAGE "Blob.readinto(buffer: Union[bytearray, array[Any], memoryview], offset: int = 0, length: int = -1) -> None"
+#define Blob_readinto_USAGE "Blob.readinto(buffer: Union[bytearray, array.array[Any], memoryview], offset: int = 0, length: int = -1) -> None"
 
 #define Blob_readinto_CHECK do { \
   assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(buffer), PyObject *)); \
@@ -529,6 +528,36 @@
 } while(0)
 
 
+#define  Connection_authorizer_DOC ":type: Optional[Authorizer]\n" \
+"\n" \
+"While `preparing <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`_\n" \
+"statements, SQLite will call any defined authorizer to see if a\n" \
+"particular action is ok to be part of the statement.\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Typical usage would be if you are running user supplied SQL and want\n" \
+"to prevent harmful operations.  You should also\n" \
+"set the :class:`statementcachesize <Connection>` to zero.\n" \
+"\n" \
+"The authorizer callback has 5 parameters:\n" \
+"\n" \
+"  * An `operation code <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_\n" \
+"  * A string (or None) dependent on the operation `(listed as 3rd) <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_\n" \
+"  * A string (or None) dependent on the operation `(listed as 4th) <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_\n" \
+"  * A string name of the database (or None)\n" \
+"  * Name of the innermost trigger or view doing the access (or None)\n" \
+"\n" \
+"The authorizer callback should return one of *SQLITE_OK*,\n" \
+"*SQLITE_DENY* or *SQLITE_IGNORE*.\n" \
+"(*SQLITE_DENY* is returned if there is an error in your\n" \
+"Python code).\n" \
+"\n" \
+".. seealso::\n" \
+"\n" \
+"  * :ref:`Example <example_authorizer>`\n" \
+"  * :ref:`statementcache`\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Calls: `sqlite3_set_authorizer <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/set_authorizer.html>`__\n" 
+
 #define  Connection_autovacuum_pages_DOC "autovacuum_pages($self,callable)\n--\n\nConnection.autovacuum_pages(callable: Optional[Callable[[str, int, int, int], int]]) -> None\n\n" \
 "Calls `callable` to find out how many pages to autovacuum.  The callback has 4 parameters:\n" \
 "\n" \
@@ -590,11 +619,11 @@
 ":param rowid: The id that uniquely identifies the row.\n" \
 ":param writeable: If True then you can read and write the blob.  If False then you can only read it.\n" \
 "\n" \
-":rtype: :class:`blob`\n" \
+":rtype: :class:`Blob`\n" \
 "\n" \
 ".. seealso::\n" \
 "\n" \
-"  * :ref:`Blob I/O example <example-blobio>`\n" \
+"  * :ref:`Blob I/O example <example_blob_io>`\n" \
 "  * `SQLite row ids <https://sqlite.org/autoinc.html>`_\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_blob_open <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_open.html>`__\n" 
@@ -610,6 +639,73 @@
 } while(0)
 
 
+#define  Connection_cache_stats_DOC "cache_stats($self,include_entries=False)\n--\n\nConnection.cache_stats(include_entries: bool = False) -> Dict[str, int]\n\n" \
+"Returns information about the statement cache as dict.\n" \
+"\n" \
+".. note::\n" \
+"\n" \
+"  Calling execute with \"select a; select b; insert into c ...\" will\n" \
+"  result in 3 cache entries corresponding to each of the 3 queries\n" \
+"  present.\n" \
+"\n" \
+"The returned dictionary has the following information.\n" \
+"\n" \
+".. list-table::\n" \
+"  :header-rows: 1\n" \
+"  :widths: auto\n" \
+"\n" \
+"  * - Key\n" \
+"    - Explanation\n" \
+"  * - size\n" \
+"    - Maximum number of entries in the cache\n" \
+"  * - evictions\n" \
+"    - How many entries were removed (expired) to make space for a newer\n" \
+"      entry\n" \
+"  * - no_cache\n" \
+"    - Queries that had can_cache parameter set to False\n" \
+"  * - hits\n" \
+"    - A match was found in the cache\n" \
+"  * - misses\n" \
+"    - No match was found in the cache, or the cache couldn't be used\n" \
+"  * - no_vdbe\n" \
+"    - The statement was empty (eg a comment) or SQLite took action\n" \
+"      during parsing (eg some pragmas).  These are not cached and also\n" \
+"      included in the misses count\n" \
+"  * - too_big\n" \
+"    - UTF8 query size was larger than considered for caching.  These are also included\n" \
+"      in the misses count.\n" \
+"  * - max_cacheable_bytes\n" \
+"    - Maximum size of query (in bytes of utf8) that will be considered for caching\n" \
+"  * - entries\n" \
+"    - (Only present if `include_entries` is True) A list of the cache entries\n" \
+"\n" \
+"If `entries` is present, then each list entry is a dict with the following information.\n" \
+"\n" \
+".. list-table::\n" \
+"  :header-rows: 1\n" \
+"  :widths: auto\n" \
+"\n" \
+"  * - Key\n" \
+"    - Explanation\n" \
+"  * - query\n" \
+"    - Text of the query itself (first statement only)\n" \
+"  * - prepare_flags\n" \
+"    - Flags passed to `sqlite3_prepare_v3 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`__\n" \
+"      for this query\n" \
+"  * - uses\n" \
+"    - How many times this entry has been (re)used\n" \
+"  * - has_more\n" \
+"    - Boolean indicating if there was more query text than\n" \
+"      the first statement\n" 
+
+#define Connection_cache_stats_USAGE "Connection.cache_stats(include_entries: bool = False) -> Dict[str, int]"
+
+#define Connection_cache_stats_CHECK do { \
+  assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(include_entries), int)); \
+  assert(include_entries == 0); \
+} while(0)
+
+
 #define  Connection_changes_DOC "changes($self)\n--\n\nConnection.changes() -> int\n\n" \
 "Returns the number of database rows that were changed (or inserted\n" \
 "or deleted) by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE\n" \
@@ -617,9 +713,12 @@
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_changes64 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/changes.html>`__\n" 
 
+#define  Connection_class_DOC "This object wraps a `sqlite3 pointer\n" \
+"<https://sqlite.org/c3ref/sqlite3.html>`_.\n" 
+
 #define  Connection_close_DOC "close($self,force=False)\n--\n\nConnection.close(force: bool = False) -> None\n\n" \
 "Closes the database.  If there are any outstanding :class:`cursors\n" \
-"<Cursor>`, :class:`blobs <blob>` or :class:`backups <backup>` then\n" \
+"<Cursor>`, :class:`blobs <Blob>` or :class:`backups <Backup>` then\n" \
 "they are closed too.  It is normally not necessary to call this\n" \
 "method as the database is automatically closed when there are no\n" \
 "more references.  It is ok to call the method multiple times.\n" \
@@ -720,7 +819,7 @@
 "\n" \
 ".. seealso::\n" \
 "\n" \
-"   * :ref:`Example <aggregate-example>`\n" \
+"   * :ref:`Example <example_aggregate>`\n" \
 "   * :meth:`~Connection.createscalarfunction`\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_create_function_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html>`__\n" 
@@ -758,7 +857,7 @@
 "\n" \
 ".. seealso::\n" \
 "\n" \
-"  * :ref:`Example <collation-example>`\n" \
+"  * :ref:`Example <example_collation>`\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_create_collation_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_collation.html>`__\n" 
 
@@ -775,7 +874,7 @@
 "\n" \
 ".. seealso::\n" \
 "\n" \
-"   * :ref:`Example <example-vtable>`\n" \
+"   * :ref:`Example <example_virtual_tables>`\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_create_module_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_module.html>`__\n" 
 
@@ -814,7 +913,7 @@
 "\n" \
 ".. seealso::\n" \
 "\n" \
-"   * :ref:`Example <scalar-example>`\n" \
+"   * :ref:`Example <example_scalar>`\n" \
 "   * :meth:`~Connection.createaggregatefunction`\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_create_function_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html>`__\n" 
@@ -836,6 +935,19 @@
 "\n" \
 ":rtype: :class:`Cursor`\n" 
 
+#define  Connection_cursor_factory_DOC ":type: Callable[[Connection], Any]\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Defaults to :class:`Cursor`\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Called with a :class:`Connection` as the only parameter when a cursor\n" \
+"is needed such as by the :meth:`cursor` method, or\n" \
+":meth:`Connection.execute`.\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Note that whatever is returned doesn't have to be an actual\n" \
+":class:`Cursor` instance, and just needs to have the methods present\n" \
+"that are actually called.  These are likely to be `execute`,\n" \
+"`executemany`, `close` etc.\n" 
+
 #define  Connection_db_filename_DOC "db_filename($self,name)\n--\n\nConnection.db_filename(name: str) -> str\n\n" \
 "Returns the full filename of the named (attached) database.  The\n" \
 "main database is named \"main\".\n" \
@@ -885,11 +997,11 @@
 "\n" \
 ":param enable: If True then extension loading is enabled, else it is disabled.\n" \
 "\n" \
-".. seealso::\n" \
+"Calls: `sqlite3_enable_load_extension <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/enable_load_extension.html>`__\n" \
 "\n" \
-"  * :meth:`~Connection.loadextension`\n" \
+".. seealso::\n" \
 "\n" \
-"Calls: `sqlite3_enable_load_extension <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/enable_load_extension.html>`__\n" 
+"  * :meth:`~Connection.loadextension`\n" 
 
 #define Connection_enableloadextension_USAGE "Connection.enableloadextension(enable: bool) -> None"
 
@@ -906,26 +1018,66 @@
 "transaction is rolled back, otherwise it is committed.  For example::\n" \
 "\n" \
 "  with connection:\n" \
-"      connection.cursor().execute(\"....\")\n" \
+"      connection.execute(\"....\")\n" \
 "      with connection:\n" \
 "          # nested is supported\n" \
 "          call_function(connection)\n" \
-"          connection.cursor().execute(\"...\")\n" \
+"          connection.execute(\"...\")\n" \
 "          with connection as db:\n" \
 "              # You can also use 'as'\n" \
 "              call_function2(db)\n" \
-"              db.cursor().execute(\"...\")\n" \
+"              db.execute(\"...\")\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Behind the scenes the `savepoint\n" \
 "<https://sqlite.org/lang_savepoint.html>`_ functionality introduced in\n" \
 "SQLite 3.6.8 is used to provide nested transactions.\n" 
 
-#define  Connection_exit_DOC "__exit__($self)\n--\n\nConnection.__exit__() -> Literal[False]\n\n" \
+#define  Connection_exectrace_DOC ":type: Optional[ExecTracer]\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Called with the cursor, statement and bindings for\n" \
+"each :meth:`~Cursor.execute` or :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` on this\n" \
+"Connection, unless the :class:`Cursor` installed its own\n" \
+"tracer. Your execution tracer can also abort execution of a\n" \
+"statement.\n" \
+"\n" \
+"If *callable* is *None* then any existing execution tracer is\n" \
+"removed.\n" \
+"\n" \
+".. seealso::\n" \
+"\n" \
+"  * :ref:`tracing`\n" \
+"  * :ref:`rowtracer`\n" \
+"  * :attr:`Cursor.exectrace`\n" 
+
+#define  Connection_execute_DOC "execute($self,statements,bindings=None,*,can_cache=True,prepare_flags=0)\n--\n\nConnection.execute(statements: str, bindings: Optional[Bindings] = None, *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor\n\n" \
+"Executes the statements using the supplied bindings.  Execution\n" \
+"returns when the first row is available or all statements have\n" \
+"completed.  (A cursor is automatically obtained).\n" \
+"\n" \
+"See :meth:`Cursor.execute` for more details.\n" 
+
+#define  Connection_executemany_DOC "executemany($self,statements,sequenceofbindings,*,can_cache=True,prepare_flags=0)\n--\n\nConnection.executemany(statements: str, sequenceofbindings:Sequence[Bindings], *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor\n\n" \
+"This method is for when you want to execute the same statements over a\n" \
+"sequence of bindings, such as inserting into a database.  (A cursor is\n" \
+"automatically obtained).\n" \
+"\n" \
+"See :meth:`Cursor.executemany` for more details.\n" 
+
+#define  Connection_exit_DOC "__exit__($self,etype,evalue,etraceback)\n--\n\nConnection.__exit__(etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Optional[bool]\n\n" \
 "Implements context manager in conjunction with\n" \
 ":meth:`~Connection.__enter__`.  Any exception that happened in the\n" \
 "*with* block is raised after committing or rolling back the\n" \
 "savepoint.\n" 
 
+#define Connection_exit_USAGE "Connection.__exit__(etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Optional[bool]"
+
+#define Connection_exit_CHECK do { \
+  assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(etype), PyObject *)); \
+  assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(evalue), PyObject *)); \
+  assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(etraceback), PyObject *)); \
+} while(0)
+
+
 #define  Connection_filecontrol_DOC "filecontrol($self,dbname,op,pointer)\n--\n\nConnection.filecontrol(dbname: str, op: int, pointer: int) -> bool\n\n" \
 "Calls the :meth:`~VFSFile.xFileControl` method on the :ref:`VFS`\n" \
 "implementing :class:`file access <VFSFile>` for the database.\n" \
@@ -995,43 +1147,38 @@
 "Calls: `sqlite3_get_autocommit <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/get_autocommit.html>`__\n" 
 
 #define  Connection_getexectrace_DOC "getexectrace($self)\n--\n\nConnection.getexectrace() -> Optional[ExecTracer]\n\n" \
-"Returns the currently installed (via :meth:`~Connection.setexectrace`)\n" \
-"execution tracer.\n" \
-"\n" \
-".. seealso::\n" \
-"\n" \
-"  * :ref:`tracing`\n" 
+"Returns the currently installed :attr:`execution tracer\n" \
+"<Connection.exectrace>`\n" 
 
 #define  Connection_getrowtrace_DOC "getrowtrace($self)\n--\n\nConnection.getrowtrace() -> Optional[RowTracer]\n\n" \
-"Returns the currently installed (via :meth:`~Connection.setrowtrace`)\n" \
-"row tracer.\n" \
+"Returns the currently installed :attr:`row tracer\n" \
+"<Connection.rowtrace>`\n" 
+
+#define  Connection_in_transaction_DOC ":type: bool\n" \
 "\n" \
-".. seealso::\n" \
+"True if currently in a transaction, else False\n" \
 "\n" \
-"  * :ref:`tracing`\n" 
+"Calls: `sqlite3_get_autocommit <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/get_autocommit.html>`__\n" 
 
 #define  Connection_init_DOC "__init__($self,filename,flags=SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE,vfs=None,statementcachesize=100)\n--\n\nConnection.__init__(filename: str, flags: int = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, vfs: Optional[str] = None, statementcachesize: int = 100)\n\n" \
-"This object wraps a `sqlite3 pointer\n" \
-"<https://sqlite.org/c3ref/sqlite3.html>`_.\n" \
-"\n" \
 "Opens the named database.  You can use ``:memory:`` to get a private temporary\n" \
 "in-memory database that is not shared with any other connections.\n" \
 "\n" \
 ":param flags: One or more of the `open flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`_ orred together\n" \
-":param vfs: The name of the `vfs <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html>`_ to use.  If :const:`None` then the default\n" \
+":param vfs: The name of the `vfs <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html>`_ to use.  If *None* then the default\n" \
 "   vfs will be used.\n" \
 "\n" \
 ":param statementcachesize: Use zero to disable the statement cache,\n" \
 "  or a number larger than the total distinct SQL statements you\n" \
 "  execute frequently.\n" \
 "\n" \
+"Calls: `sqlite3_open_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/open.html>`__\n" \
+"\n" \
 ".. seealso::\n" \
 "\n" \
 "  * :attr:`apsw.connection_hooks`\n" \
 "  * :ref:`statementcache`\n" \
-"  * :ref:`vfs`\n" \
-"\n" \
-"Calls: `sqlite3_open_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/open.html>`__\n" 
+"  * :ref:`vfs`\n" 
 
 #define Connection_init_USAGE "Connection.__init__(filename: str, flags: int = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, vfs: Optional[str] = None, statementcachesize: int = 100)"
 
@@ -1064,16 +1211,17 @@
 "If called with one parameter then the current limit for that *id* is\n" \
 "returned.  If called with two then the limit is set to *newval*.\n" \
 "\n" \
+"\n" \
 ":param id: One of the `runtime limit ids <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_limit_attached.html>`_\n" \
 ":param newval: The new limit.  This is a 32 bit signed integer even on 64 bit platforms.\n" \
 "\n" \
 ":returns: The limit in place on entry to the call.\n" \
 "\n" \
-".. seealso::\n" \
+"Calls: `sqlite3_limit <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/limit.html>`__\n" \
 "\n" \
-"  * :ref:`Example <example-limit>`\n" \
+".. seealso::\n" \
 "\n" \
-"Calls: `sqlite3_limit <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/limit.html>`__\n" 
+"  * :ref:`Example <example_limits>`\n" 
 
 #define Connection_limit_USAGE "Connection.limit(id: int, newval: int = -1) -> int"
 
@@ -1096,11 +1244,11 @@
 ":raises ExtensionLoadingError: If the extension could not be\n" \
 "  loaded.  The exception string includes more details.\n" \
 "\n" \
-".. seealso::\n" \
+"Calls: `sqlite3_load_extension <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/load_extension.html>`__\n" \
 "\n" \
-"  * :meth:`~Connection.enableloadextension`\n" \
+".. seealso::\n" \
 "\n" \
-"Calls: `sqlite3_load_extension <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/load_extension.html>`__\n" 
+"  * :meth:`~Connection.enableloadextension`\n" 
 
 #define Connection_loadextension_USAGE "Connection.loadextension(filename: str, entrypoint: Optional[str] = None) -> None"
 
@@ -1126,7 +1274,7 @@
 ":param name: Function name\n" \
 ":param nargs: How many arguments the function takes\n" \
 "\n" \
-"Due to :cvstrac:`3507` underlying errors will not be returned.\n" \
+"Due to cvstrac 3507 underlying errors will not be returned.\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_overload_function <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/overload_function.html>`__\n" 
 
@@ -1153,6 +1301,22 @@
 } while(0)
 
 
+#define  Connection_rowtrace_DOC ":type: Optional[RowTracer]\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Called with the cursor and row being returned for\n" \
+":class:`cursors <Cursor>` associated with this Connection, unless\n" \
+"the Cursor installed its own tracer.  You can change the data that\n" \
+"is returned or cause the row to be skipped altogether.\n" \
+"\n" \
+"If *callable* is *None* then any existing row tracer is\n" \
+"removed.\n" \
+"\n" \
+".. seealso::\n" \
+"\n" \
+"  * :ref:`tracing`\n" \
+"  * :ref:`rowtracer`\n" \
+"  * :attr:`Cursor.exectrace`\n" 
+
 #define  Connection_serialize_DOC "serialize($self,name)\n--\n\nConnection.serialize(name: str) -> bytes\n\n" \
 "Returns a memory copy of the database. *name* is **\"main\"** for the\n" \
 "main database, **\"temp\"** for the temporary database etc.\n" \
@@ -1167,7 +1331,7 @@
 "\n" \
 "   * :meth:`Connection.deserialize`\n" \
 "\n" \
-"Calls: `sqlite3_serialize <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/serialize.html>`__\n" 
+" Calls: `sqlite3_serialize <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/serialize.html>`__\n" 
 
 #define Connection_serialize_USAGE "Connection.serialize(name: str) -> bytes"
 
@@ -1188,38 +1352,10 @@
 } while(0)
 
 
-#define  Connection_setauthorizer_DOC "setauthorizer($self,callable)\n--\n\nConnection.setauthorizer(callable: Optional[Callable[[int, Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[str]], int]]) -> None\n\n" \
-"While `preparing <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`_\n" \
-"statements, SQLite will call any defined authorizer to see if a\n" \
-"particular action is ok to be part of the statement.\n" \
-"\n" \
-"Typical usage would be if you are running user supplied SQL and want\n" \
-"to prevent harmful operations.  You should also\n" \
-"set the :class:`statementcachesize <Connection>` to zero.\n" \
-"\n" \
-"The authorizer callback has 5 parameters:\n" \
-"\n" \
-"  * An `operation code <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_\n" \
-"  * A string (or None) dependent on the operation `(listed as 3rd) <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_\n" \
-"  * A string (or None) dependent on the operation `(listed as 4th) <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_\n" \
-"  * A string name of the database (or None)\n" \
-"  * Name of the innermost trigger or view doing the access (or None)\n" \
-"\n" \
-"The authorizer callback should return one of :const:`SQLITE_OK`,\n" \
-":const:`SQLITE_DENY` or :const:`SQLITE_IGNORE`.\n" \
-"(:const:`SQLITE_DENY` is returned if there is an error in your\n" \
-"Python code).\n" \
-"\n" \
-"Passing None unregisters the existing authorizer.\n" \
-"\n" \
-".. seealso::\n" \
-"\n" \
-"  * :ref:`Example <authorizer-example>`\n" \
-"  * :ref:`statementcache`\n" \
-"\n" \
-"Calls: `sqlite3_set_authorizer <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/set_authorizer.html>`__\n" 
+#define  Connection_setauthorizer_DOC "setauthorizer($self,callable)\n--\n\nConnection.setauthorizer(callable: Optional[Authorizer]) -> None\n\n" \
+"Sets the :attr:`authorizer`\n" 
 
-#define Connection_setauthorizer_USAGE "Connection.setauthorizer(callable: Optional[Callable[[int, Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[str]], int]]) -> None"
+#define Connection_setauthorizer_USAGE "Connection.setauthorizer(callable: Optional[Authorizer]) -> None"
 
 #define Connection_setauthorizer_CHECK do { \
   assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(callable), PyObject *)); \
@@ -1230,7 +1366,7 @@
 "Sets the busy handler to callable. callable will be called with one\n" \
 "integer argument which is the number of prior calls to the busy\n" \
 "callback for the same lock. If the busy callback returns False,\n" \
-"then SQLite returns :const:`SQLITE_BUSY` to the calling code. If\n" \
+"then SQLite returns *SQLITE_BUSY* to the calling code. If\n" \
 "the callback returns True, then SQLite tries to open the table\n" \
 "again and the cycle repeats.\n" \
 "\n" \
@@ -1278,7 +1414,7 @@
 } while(0)
 
 
-#define  Connection_setcommithook_DOC "setcommithook($self,callable)\n--\n\nConnection.setcommithook(callable: Optional[Callable[[], None]]) -> None\n\n" \
+#define  Connection_setcommithook_DOC "setcommithook($self,callable)\n--\n\nConnection.setcommithook(callable: Optional[CommitHook]) -> None\n\n" \
 "*callable* will be called just before a commit.  It should return\n" \
 "False for the commit to go ahead and True for it to be turned\n" \
 "into a rollback. In the case of an exception in your callable, a\n" \
@@ -1287,11 +1423,11 @@
 "\n" \
 ".. seealso::\n" \
 "\n" \
-"  * :ref:`Example <example-commithook>`\n" \
+"  * :ref:`Example <example_commit_hook>`\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_commit_hook <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/commit_hook.html>`__\n" 
 
-#define Connection_setcommithook_USAGE "Connection.setcommithook(callable: Optional[Callable[[], None]]) -> None"
+#define Connection_setcommithook_USAGE "Connection.setcommithook(callable: Optional[CommitHook]) -> None"
 
 #define Connection_setcommithook_CHECK do { \
   assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(callable), PyObject *)); \
@@ -1299,20 +1435,7 @@
 
 
 #define  Connection_setexectrace_DOC "setexectrace($self,callable)\n--\n\nConnection.setexectrace(callable: Optional[ExecTracer]) -> None\n\n" \
-"*callable* is called with the cursor, statement and bindings for\n" \
-"each :meth:`~Cursor.execute` or :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` on this\n" \
-"Connection, unless the :class:`Cursor` installed its own\n" \
-"tracer. Your execution tracer can also abort execution of a\n" \
-"statement.\n" \
-"\n" \
-"If *callable* is :const:`None` then any existing execution tracer is\n" \
-"removed.\n" \
-"\n" \
-".. seealso::\n" \
-"\n" \
-"  * :ref:`tracing`\n" \
-"  * :ref:`rowtracer`\n" \
-"  * :meth:`Cursor.setexectrace`\n" 
+"Method to set :attr:`Connection.exectrace`\n" 
 
 #define Connection_setexectrace_USAGE "Connection.setexectrace(callable: Optional[ExecTracer]) -> None"
 
@@ -1346,7 +1469,7 @@
 "\n" \
 ".. seealso::\n" \
 "\n" \
-"   * :ref:`Example <example-progress-handler>`\n" \
+"   * :ref:`Example <example_progress_handler>`\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_progress_handler <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/progress_handler.html>`__\n" 
 
@@ -1361,7 +1484,7 @@
 
 #define  Connection_setrollbackhook_DOC "setrollbackhook($self,callable)\n--\n\nConnection.setrollbackhook(callable: Optional[Callable[[], None]]) -> None\n\n" \
 "Sets a callable which is invoked during a rollback.  If *callable*\n" \
-"is :const:`None` then any existing rollback hook is unregistered.\n" \
+"is *None* then any existing rollback hook is unregistered.\n" \
 "\n" \
 "The *callable* is called with no parameters and the return value is ignored.\n" \
 "\n" \
@@ -1375,19 +1498,7 @@
 
 
 #define  Connection_setrowtrace_DOC "setrowtrace($self,callable)\n--\n\nConnection.setrowtrace(callable: Optional[RowTracer]) -> None\n\n" \
-"*callable* is called with the cursor and row being returned for\n" \
-":class:`cursors <Cursor>` associated with this Connection, unless\n" \
-"the Cursor installed its own tracer.  You can change the data that\n" \
-"is returned or cause the row to be skipped altogether.\n" \
-"\n" \
-"If *callable* is :const:`None` then any existing row tracer is\n" \
-"unregistered.\n" \
-"\n" \
-".. seealso::\n" \
-"\n" \
-"  * :ref:`tracing`\n" \
-"  * :ref:`rowtracer`\n" \
-"  * :meth:`Cursor.setexectrace`\n" 
+"Method to set :attr:`Connection.rowtrace`\n" 
 
 #define Connection_setrowtrace_USAGE "Connection.setrowtrace(callable: Optional[RowTracer]) -> None"
 
@@ -1398,7 +1509,7 @@
 
 #define  Connection_setupdatehook_DOC "setupdatehook($self,callable)\n--\n\nConnection.setupdatehook(callable: Optional[Callable[[int, str, str, int], None]]) -> None\n\n" \
 "Calls *callable* whenever a row is updated, deleted or inserted.  If\n" \
-"*callable* is :const:`None` then any existing update hook is\n" \
+"*callable* is *None* then any existing update hook is\n" \
 "unregistered.  The update hook cannot make changes to the database while\n" \
 "the query is still executing, but can record them for later use or\n" \
 "apply them in a different connection.\n" \
@@ -1406,7 +1517,7 @@
 "The update hook is called with 4 parameters:\n" \
 "\n" \
 "  type (int)\n" \
-"    :const:`SQLITE_INSERT`, :const:`SQLITE_DELETE` or :const:`SQLITE_UPDATE`\n" \
+"    *SQLITE_INSERT*, *SQLITE_DELETE* or *SQLITE_UPDATE*\n" \
 "  database name (string)\n" \
 "    This is ``main`` for the database or the name specified in\n" \
 "    `ATTACH <https://sqlite.org/lang_attach.html>`_\n" \
@@ -1417,7 +1528,7 @@
 "\n" \
 ".. seealso::\n" \
 "\n" \
-"    * :ref:`Example <example-updatehook>`\n" \
+"    * :ref:`Example <example_update_hook>`\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_update_hook <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/update_hook.html>`__\n" 
 
@@ -1430,7 +1541,7 @@
 
 #define  Connection_setwalhook_DOC "setwalhook($self,callable)\n--\n\nConnection.setwalhook(callable: Optional[Callable[[Connection, str, int], int]]) -> None\n\n" \
 "*callable* will be called just after data is committed in :ref:`wal`\n" \
-"mode.  It should return :const:`SQLITE_OK` or an error code.  The\n" \
+"mode.  It should return *SQLITE_OK* or an error code.  The\n" \
 "callback is called with 3 parameters:\n" \
 "\n" \
 "  * The Connection\n" \
@@ -1452,11 +1563,12 @@
 "Returns the underlying `sqlite3 *\n" \
 "<https://sqlite.org/c3ref/sqlite3.html>`_ for the connection. This\n" \
 "method is useful if there are other C level libraries in the same\n" \
-"process and you want them to use the APSW connection handle. The\n" \
-"value is returned as a number using :meth:`PyLong_FromVoidPtr` under the\n" \
-"hood. You should also ensure that you increment the reference count on\n" \
-"the :class:`Connection` for as long as the other libraries are using\n" \
-"the pointer.  It is also a very good idea to call\n" \
+"process and you want them to use the APSW connection handle. The value\n" \
+"is returned as a number using `PyLong_FromVoidPtr\n" \
+"<https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/long.html?highlight=pylong_fromvoidptr#c.PyLong_FromVoidPtr>`__\n" \
+"under the hood. You should also ensure that you increment the\n" \
+"reference count on the :class:`Connection` for as long as the other\n" \
+"libraries are using the pointer.  It is also a very good idea to call\n" \
 ":meth:`sqlitelibversion` and ensure it is the same as the other\n" \
 "libraries.\n" 
 
@@ -1471,7 +1583,7 @@
 "\n" \
 "  The :func:`status` example which works in exactly the same way.\n" \
 "\n" \
-"  * :ref:`Status example <example-status>`\n" \
+"  * :ref:`Status example <example_status>`\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_db_status <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/db_status.html>`__\n" 
 
@@ -1508,8 +1620,8 @@
 #define  Connection_wal_autocheckpoint_DOC "wal_autocheckpoint($self,n)\n--\n\nConnection.wal_autocheckpoint(n: int) -> None\n\n" \
 "Sets how often the :ref:`wal` checkpointing is run.\n" \
 "\n" \
-":param n: A number representing the checkpointing interval or\n" \
-"  zero/negative to disable auto checkpointing.\n" \
+" :param n: A number representing the checkpointing interval or\n" \
+"   zero/negative to disable auto checkpointing.\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/wal_autocheckpoint.html>`__\n" 
 
@@ -1523,14 +1635,14 @@
 #define  Connection_wal_checkpoint_DOC "wal_checkpoint($self,dbname=None,mode=apsw.SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE)\n--\n\nConnection.wal_checkpoint(dbname: Optional[str] = None, mode: int = apsw.SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE) -> Tuple[int, int]\n\n" \
 "Does a WAL checkpoint.  Has no effect if the database(s) are not in WAL mode.\n" \
 "\n" \
-":param dbname:  The name of the database or all databases if None\n" \
+"  :param dbname:  The name of the database or all databases if None\n" \
 "\n" \
-":param mode: One of the `checkpoint modes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/wal_checkpoint_v2.html>`__.\n" \
+"  :param mode: One of the `checkpoint modes <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/wal_checkpoint_v2.html>`__.\n" \
 "\n" \
-":return: A tuple of the size of the WAL log in frames and the\n" \
-"   number of frames checkpointed as described in the\n" \
-"   `documentation\n" \
-"   <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/wal_checkpoint_v2.html>`__.\n" \
+"  :return: A tuple of the size of the WAL log in frames and the\n" \
+"     number of frames checkpointed as described in the\n" \
+"     `documentation\n" \
+"     <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/wal_checkpoint_v2.html>`__.\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls: `sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/wal_checkpoint_v2.html>`__\n" 
 
@@ -1544,6 +1656,8 @@
 } while(0)
 
 
+#define  Cursor_class_DOC "You obtain cursors by calling :meth:`Connection.cursor`.\n" 
+
 #define  Cursor_close_DOC "close($self,force=False)\n--\n\nCursor.close(force: bool = False) -> None\n\n" \
 "It is very unlikely you will need to call this method.  It exists\n" \
 "because older versions of SQLite required all Connection/Cursor\n" \
@@ -1571,6 +1685,10 @@
 } while(0)
 
 
+#define  Cursor_connection_DOC ":type: Connection\n" \
+"\n" \
+":class:`Connection` this cursor is using\n" 
+
 #define  Cursor_description_DOC ":type: Tuple[Tuple[str, str, None, None, None, None, None], ...]\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Based on the `DB-API cursor property\n" \
@@ -1578,7 +1696,38 @@
 "same as :meth:`getdescription` but with 5 Nones appended.  See\n" \
 "also :issue:`131`.\n" 
 
-#define  Cursor_execute_DOC "execute($self,statements,bindings=None)\n--\n\nCursor.execute(statements: str, bindings: Optional[Bindings] = None) -> Cursor\n\n" \
+#define  Cursor_description_full_DOC ":type: Tuple[Tuple[str, str, str, str, str], ...]\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Only present if SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA was defined at\n" \
+"compile time.\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Returns all information about the query result columns. In\n" \
+"addition to the name and declared type, you also get the database\n" \
+"name, table name, and origin name.\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Calls:\n" \
+"  * `sqlite3_column_name <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_name.html>`__\n" \
+"  * `sqlite3_column_decltype <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_decltype.html>`__\n" \
+"  * `sqlite3_column_database_name <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_database_name.html>`__\n" \
+"  * `sqlite3_column_table_name <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_database_name.html>`__\n" \
+"  * `sqlite3_column_origin_name <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_database_name.html>`__\n" 
+
+#define  Cursor_exectrace_DOC ":type: Optional[ExecTracer]\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Called with the cursor, statement and bindings for\n" \
+"each :meth:`~Cursor.execute` or :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` on this\n" \
+"cursor.\n" \
+"\n" \
+"If *callable* is *None* then any existing execution tracer is\n" \
+"unregistered.\n" \
+"\n" \
+".. seealso::\n" \
+"\n" \
+"  * :ref:`tracing`\n" \
+"  * :ref:`executiontracer`\n" \
+"  * :attr:`Connection.exectrace`\n" 
+
+#define  Cursor_execute_DOC "execute($self,statements,bindings=None,*,can_cache=True,prepare_flags=0)\n--\n\nCursor.execute(statements: str, bindings: Optional[Bindings] = None, *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor\n\n" \
 "Executes the statements using the supplied bindings.  Execution\n" \
 "returns when the first row is available or all statements have\n" \
 "completed.\n" \
@@ -1587,6 +1736,10 @@
 "  from books`` or ``begin; insert into books ...; select\n" \
 "  last_insert_rowid(); end``.\n" \
 ":param bindings: If supplied should either be a sequence or a dictionary.  Each item must be one of the :ref:`supported types <types>`\n" \
+":param can_cache: If False then the statement cache will not be used to find an already prepared query, nor will it be\n" \
+"  placed in the cache after execution\n" \
+":param prepare_flags: `flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.htm>`__ passed to\n" \
+"  `sqlite_prepare_v3 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`__\n" \
 "\n" \
 "If you use numbered bindings in the query then supply a sequence.\n" \
 "Any sequence will work including lists and iterators.  For\n" \
@@ -1623,13 +1776,8 @@
 ":raises BindingsError: You supplied too many or too few bindings for the statements\n" \
 ":raises IncompleteExecutionError: There are remaining unexecuted queries from your last execute\n" \
 "\n" \
-".. seealso::\n" \
-"\n" \
-"   * :ref:`executionmodel`\n" \
-"   * :ref:`Example <example-cursor>`\n" \
-"\n" \
 "Calls:\n" \
-"  * `sqlite3_prepare_v2 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`__\n" \
+"  * `sqlite3_prepare_v3 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`__\n" \
 "  * `sqlite3_step <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/step.html>`__\n" \
 "  * `sqlite3_bind_int64 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`__\n" \
 "  * `sqlite3_bind_null <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`__\n" \
@@ -1638,16 +1786,20 @@
 "  * `sqlite3_bind_blob <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`__\n" \
 "  * `sqlite3_bind_zeroblob <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`__\n" 
 
-#define Cursor_execute_USAGE "Cursor.execute(statements: str, bindings: Optional[Bindings] = None) -> Cursor"
+#define Cursor_execute_USAGE "Cursor.execute(statements: str, bindings: Optional[Bindings] = None, *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor"
 
 #define Cursor_execute_CHECK do { \
   assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(statements), PyObject *)); \
   assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(bindings), PyObject *)); \
   assert(bindings == NULL); \
+  assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(can_cache), int)); \
+  assert(can_cache == 1); \
+  assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(prepare_flags), int)); \
+  assert(prepare_flags == (0)); \
 } while(0)
 
 
-#define  Cursor_executemany_DOC "executemany($self,statements,sequenceofbindings)\n--\n\nCursor.executemany(statements: str, sequenceofbindings: Sequence[Bindings]) -> Cursor\n\n" \
+#define  Cursor_executemany_DOC "executemany($self,statements,sequenceofbindings,*,can_cache=True,prepare_flags=0)\n--\n\nCursor.executemany(statements: str, sequenceofbindings: Sequence[Bindings], *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor\n\n" \
 "This method is for when you want to execute the same statements over\n" \
 "a sequence of bindings.  Conceptually it does this::\n" \
 "\n" \
@@ -1667,14 +1819,33 @@
 "statements can return data.  See :meth:`~Cursor.execute` for more\n" \
 "information.\n" 
 
-#define Cursor_executemany_USAGE "Cursor.executemany(statements: str, sequenceofbindings: Sequence[Bindings]) -> Cursor"
+#define Cursor_executemany_USAGE "Cursor.executemany(statements: str, sequenceofbindings: Sequence[Bindings], *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor"
 
 #define Cursor_executemany_CHECK do { \
   assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(statements), PyObject *)); \
   assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(sequenceofbindings), PyObject *)); \
+  assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(can_cache), int)); \
+  assert(can_cache == 1); \
+  assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(prepare_flags), int)); \
+  assert(prepare_flags == (0)); \
 } while(0)
 
 
+#define  Cursor_expanded_sql_DOC ":type: str\n" \
+"\n" \
+"The SQL text with bound parameters expanded.  For example::\n" \
+"\n" \
+"   execute(\"select ?, ?\", (3, \"three\"))\n" \
+"\n" \
+"would return::\n" \
+"\n" \
+"   select 3, 'three'\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Note that while SQLite supports nulls in strings, their implementation\n" \
+"of sqlite3_expanded_sql stops at the first null.\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Calls: `sqlite3_expanded_sql <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/expanded_sql.html>`__\n" 
+
 #define  Cursor_fetchall_DOC "fetchall($self)\n--\n\nCursor.fetchall() -> list[Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...]]\n\n" \
 "Returns all remaining result rows as a list.  This method is defined\n" \
 "in DBAPI.  It is a longer way of doing ``list(cursor)``.\n" 
@@ -1683,12 +1854,7 @@
 "Returns the next row of data or None if there are no more rows.\n" 
 
 #define  Cursor_getconnection_DOC "getconnection($self)\n--\n\nCursor.getconnection() -> Connection\n\n" \
-"Returns the :class:`Connection` this cursor belongs to.  An example usage is to get another cursor::\n" \
-"\n" \
-"  def func(cursor):\n" \
-"    # I don't want to alter existing cursor, so make a new one\n" \
-"    mycursor=cursor.getconnection().cursor()\n" \
-"    mycursor.execute(\"....\")\n" 
+"Returns the :attr:`connection` this cursor is using\n" 
 
 #define  Cursor_getdescription_DOC "getdescription($self)\n--\n\nCursor.getdescription() -> Tuple[Tuple[str, str], ...]\n\n" \
 "If you are trying to get information about a table or view,\n" \
@@ -1745,8 +1911,8 @@
 "  * `sqlite3_column_decltype <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/column_decltype.html>`__\n" 
 
 #define  Cursor_getexectrace_DOC "getexectrace($self)\n--\n\nCursor.getexectrace() -> Optional[ExecTracer]\n\n" \
-"Returns the currently installed (via :meth:`~Cursor.setexectrace`)\n" \
-"execution tracer.\n" \
+"Returns the currently installed :attr:`execution tracer\n" \
+"<Cursor.exectrace>`\n" \
 "\n" \
 ".. seealso::\n" \
 "\n" \
@@ -1760,8 +1926,20 @@
 "\n" \
 "  * :ref:`tracing`\n" 
 
-#define  Cursor_init_DOC "__init__($self)\n--\n\nCursor.__init__() -> None\n\n" \
-"You obtain cursors by calling :meth:`Connection.cursor`.\n" 
+#define  Cursor_is_explain_DOC ":type: int\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Returns 0 if executing a normal query, 1 if it is an EXPLAIN query,\n" \
+"and 2 if an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN query.\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Calls: `sqlite3_stmt_isexplain <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/stmt_isexplain.html>`__\n" 
+
+#define  Cursor_is_readonly_DOC ":type: bool\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Returns True if the current query does not change the database.\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Note that called functions, virtual tables etc could make changes though.\n" \
+"\n" \
+"Calls: `sqlite3_stmt_readonly <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/stmt_readonly.html>`__\n" 
 
 #define  Cursor_iter_DOC "__iter__($self,self)\n--\n\nCursor.__iter__(self: Cursor) -> Cursor\n\n" \
 "Cursors are iterators\n" 
@@ -1769,19 +1947,23 @@
 #define  Cursor_next_DOC "__next__($self,self)\n--\n\nCursor.__next__(self: Cursor) -> Any\n\n" \
 "Cursors are iterators\n" 
 
-#define  Cursor_setexectrace_DOC "setexectrace($self,callable)\n--\n\nCursor.setexectrace(callable: Optional[ExecTracer]) -> None\n\n" \
-"*callable* is called with the cursor, statement and bindings for\n" \
-"each :meth:`~Cursor.execute` or :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` on this\n" \
-"cursor.\n" \
+#define  Cursor_rowtrace_DOC ":type: Optional[RowTracer]\n" \
 "\n" \
-"If *callable* is :const:`None` then any existing execution tracer is\n" \
+"Called with cursor and row being returned.  You can\n" \
+"change the data that is returned or cause the row to be skipped\n" \
+"altogether.\n" \
+"\n" \
+"If *callable* is *None* then any existing row tracer is\n" \
 "unregistered.\n" \
 "\n" \
 ".. seealso::\n" \
 "\n" \
 "  * :ref:`tracing`\n" \
-"  * :ref:`executiontracer`\n" \
-"  * :meth:`Connection.setexectrace`\n" 
+"  * :ref:`rowtracer`\n" \
+"  * :attr:`Connection.rowtrace`\n" 
+
+#define  Cursor_setexectrace_DOC "setexectrace($self,callable)\n--\n\nCursor.setexectrace(callable: Optional[ExecTracer]) -> None\n\n" \
+"Sets the :attr:`execution tracer <Cursor.exectrace>`\n" 
 
 #define Cursor_setexectrace_USAGE "Cursor.setexectrace(callable: Optional[ExecTracer]) -> None"
 
@@ -1791,18 +1973,7 @@
 
 
 #define  Cursor_setrowtrace_DOC "setrowtrace($self,callable)\n--\n\nCursor.setrowtrace(callable: Optional[RowTracer]) -> None\n\n" \
-"*callable* is called with cursor and row being returned.  You can\n" \
-"change the data that is returned or cause the row to be skipped\n" \
-"altogether.\n" \
-"\n" \
-"If *callable* is :const:`None` then any existing row tracer is\n" \
-"unregistered.\n" \
-"\n" \
-".. seealso::\n" \
-"\n" \
-"  * :ref:`tracing`\n" \
-"  * :ref:`rowtracer`\n" \
-"  * :meth:`Connection.setexectrace`\n" 
+"Sets the :attr:`row tracer <Cursor.rowtrace>`\n" 
 
 #define Cursor_setrowtrace_USAGE "Cursor.setrowtrace(callable: Optional[RowTracer]) -> None"
 
@@ -1811,14 +1982,10 @@
 } while(0)
 
 
-#define  URIFilename_filename_DOC "filename($self)\n--\n\nURIFilename.filename() -> str\n\n" \
-"Returns the filename.\n" 
-
-#define  URIFilename_init_DOC "__init__($self)\n--\n\nURIFilename.__init__() -> None\n\n" \
-"SQLite uses a convoluted method of storing `uri parameters\n" \
+#define  URIFilename_class_DOC "SQLite uses a convoluted method of storing `uri parameters\n" \
 "<https://sqlite.org/uri.html>`__ after the filename binding the\n" \
 "C filename representation and parameters together.  This class\n" \
-"encapsulates that binding.  The :ref:`example <example-vfs>` shows\n" \
+"encapsulates that binding.  The :ref:`example <example_vfs>` shows\n" \
 "usage of this class.\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Your :meth:`VFS.xOpen` method will generally be passed one of\n" \
@@ -1828,6 +1995,9 @@
 "You can safely pass it on to the :class:`VFSFile` constructor\n" \
 "which knows how to get the name back out.\n" 
 
+#define  URIFilename_filename_DOC "filename($self)\n--\n\nURIFilename.filename() -> str\n\n" \
+"Returns the filename.\n" 
+
 #define  URIFilename_uri_boolean_DOC "uri_boolean($self,name,default)\n--\n\nURIFilename.uri_boolean(name: str, default: bool) -> bool\n\n" \
 "Returns the boolean value for parameter `name` or `default` if not\n" \
 "present.\n" \
@@ -1868,7 +2038,16 @@
 } while(0)
 
 
-#define  VFSFile_excepthook_DOC "excepthook($self,etype,evalue,etraceback)\n--\n\nVFSFile.excepthook(etype: type[BaseException], evalue: BaseException, etraceback: Optional[TracebackType]) ->None\n\n" \
+#define  VFSFile_class_DOC "Wraps access to a file.  You only need to derive from this class\n" \
+"if you want the file object returned from :meth:`VFS.xOpen` to\n" \
+"inherit from an existing VFS implementation.\n" \
+"\n" \
+".. note::\n" \
+"\n" \
+"   All file sizes and offsets are 64 bit quantities even on 32 bit\n" \
+"   operating systems.\n" 
+
+#define  VFSFile_excepthook_DOC "excepthook($self,etype,evalue,etraceback)\n--\n\nVFSFile.excepthook(etype: type[BaseException], evalue: BaseException, etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) ->None\n\n" \
 "Called when there has been an exception in a :class:`VFSFile`\n" \
 "routine.  The default implementation calls ``sys.excepthook`` and\n" \
 "if that fails then ``PyErr_Display``.  The three arguments\n" \
@@ -1880,15 +2059,6 @@
 "  includes all frames all the way up to the thread being started.\n" 
 
 #define  VFSFile_init_DOC "__init__($self,vfs,filename,flags)\n--\n\nVFSFile.__init__(vfs: str, filename: Union[str,URIFilename], flags: List[int])\n\n" \
-"Wraps access to a file.  You only need to derive from this class\n" \
-"if you want the file object returned from :meth:`VFS.xOpen` to\n" \
-"inherit from an existing VFS implementation.\n" \
-"\n" \
-".. note::\n" \
-"\n" \
-"   All file sizes and offsets are 64 bit quantities even on 32 bit\n" \
-"   operating systems.\n" \
-"\n" \
 ":param vfs: The vfs you want to inherit behaviour from.  You can\n" \
 "   use an empty string ``\"\"`` to inherit from the default vfs.\n" \
 ":param name: The name of the file being opened.  May be an instance of :class:`URIFilename`.\n" \
@@ -2048,15 +2218,12 @@
 
 #define  VFSFile_xWrite_DOC "xWrite($self,data,offset)\n--\n\nVFSFile.xWrite(data: bytes, offset: int) -> None\n\n" \
 "Write the *data* starting at absolute *offset*. You must write all the data\n" \
-"  requested, or return an error. If you have the file open for\n" \
-"  non-blocking I/O or if signals happen then it is possible for the\n" \
-"  underlying operating system to do a partial write. You will need to\n" \
-"  write the remaining data.\n" \
-"\n" \
-"  :param offset: Where to start writing. This number may be 64 bit once the database is larger than 2GB.\n" \
+"requested, or return an error. If you have the file open for\n" \
+"non-blocking I/O or if signals happen then it is possible for the\n" \
+"underlying operating system to do a partial write. You will need to\n" \
+"write the remaining data.\n" \
 "\n" \
-"URIFilename class\n" \
-"=================\n" 
+":param offset: Where to start writing. This number may be 64 bit once the database is larger than 2GB.\n" 
 
 #define VFSFile_xWrite_USAGE "VFSFile.xWrite(data: bytes, offset: int) -> None"
 
@@ -2066,17 +2233,17 @@
 } while(0)
 
 
-#define  VFS_excepthook_DOC "excepthook($self,etype,evalue,etraceback)\n--\n\nVFS.excepthook(etype: type[BaseException], evalue: BaseException, etraceback: Optional[TracebackType]) -> Any\n\n" \
+#define  VFS_class_DOC "Provides operating system access.  You can get an overview in the\n" \
+"`SQLite documentation <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html>`_.  To\n" \
+"create a VFS your Python class must inherit from :class:`VFS`.\n" 
+
+#define  VFS_excepthook_DOC "excepthook($self,etype,evalue,etraceback)\n--\n\nVFS.excepthook(etype: type[BaseException], evalue: BaseException, etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Any\n\n" \
 "Called when there has been an exception in a :class:`VFS` routine.\n" \
 "The default implementation passes args to ``sys.excepthook`` and if that\n" \
 "fails then ``PyErr_Display``.  The three arguments correspond to\n" \
 "what ``sys.exc_info()`` would return.\n" 
 
 #define  VFS_init_DOC "__init__($self,name,base=None,makedefault=False,maxpathname=1024)\n--\n\nVFS.__init__(name: str, base: Optional[str] = None, makedefault: bool = False, maxpathname: int = 1024)\n\n" \
-"Provides operating system access.  You can get an overview in the\n" \
-"`SQLite documentation <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html>`_.  To\n" \
-"create a VFS your Python class must inherit from :class:`VFS`.\n" \
-"\n" \
 ":param name: The name to register this vfs under.  If the name\n" \
 "    already exists then this vfs will replace the prior one of the\n" \
 "    same name.  Use :meth:`apsw.vfsnames` to get a list of\n" \
@@ -2094,7 +2261,7 @@
 "    this value then SQLite will not `be able to open it\n" \
 "    <https://sqlite.org/src/tktview/c060923a5422590b3734eb92eae0c94934895b68>`__.\n" \
 "\n" \
-":raises ValueError: If *base* is not :const:`None` and the named vfs is not\n" \
+":raises ValueError: If *base* is not *None* and the named vfs is not\n" \
 "  currently registered.\n" \
 "\n" \
 "Calls:\n" \
@@ -2149,7 +2316,7 @@
 #define  VFS_xDelete_DOC "xDelete($self,filename,syncdir)\n--\n\nVFS.xDelete(filename: str, syncdir: bool) -> None\n\n" \
 "Delete the named file. If the file is missing then raise an\n" \
 ":exc:`IOError` exception with extendedresult\n" \
-":const:`SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT`\n" \
+"*SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT*\n" \
 "\n" \
 ":param filename: File to delete\n" \
 "\n" \
@@ -2283,7 +2450,7 @@
 "This method should return a new file object based on name.  You\n" \
 "can return a :class:`VFSFile` from a completely different VFS.\n" \
 "\n" \
-":param name: File to open.  Note that *name* may be :const:`None` in which\n" \
+":param name: File to open.  Note that *name* may be *None* in which\n" \
 "    case you should open a temporary file with a name of your\n" \
 "    choosing.  May be an instance of :class:`URIFilename`.\n" \
 "\n" \
@@ -2291,10 +2458,10 @@
 "  outputflags]``.  Each integer is one or more of the `open flags\n" \
 "  <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`_ binary orred\n" \
 "  together.  The ``inputflags`` tells you what SQLite wants.  For\n" \
-"  example :const:`SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE` means the file should\n" \
+"  example *SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE* means the file should\n" \
 "  be automatically deleted when closed.  The ``outputflags``\n" \
 "  describes how you actually did open the file.  For example if you\n" \
-"  opened it read only then :const:`SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY` should be\n" \
+"  opened it read only then *SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY* should be\n" \
 "  set.\n" 
 
 #define VFS_xOpen_USAGE "VFS.xOpen(name: Optional[Union[str,URIFilename]], flags: List[int,int]) -> VFSFile"
@@ -2349,16 +2516,13 @@
 
 #define  VFS_xSleep_DOC "xSleep($self,microseconds)\n--\n\nVFS.xSleep(microseconds: int) -> int\n\n" \
 "Pause execution of the thread for at least the specified number of\n" \
-"    microseconds (millionths of a second).  This routine is typically called from the busy handler.\n" \
-"\n" \
-"    :returns: How many microseconds you actually requested the\n" \
-"      operating system to sleep for. For example if your operating\n" \
-"      system sleep call only takes seconds then you would have to have\n" \
-"      rounded the microseconds number up to the nearest second and\n" \
-"      should return that rounded up value.\n" \
+"microseconds (millionths of a second).  This routine is typically called from the busy handler.\n" \
 "\n" \
-"VFSFile class\n" \
-"=============\n" 
+":returns: How many microseconds you actually requested the\n" \
+"  operating system to sleep for. For example if your operating\n" \
+"  system sleep call only takes seconds then you would have to have\n" \
+"  rounded the microseconds number up to the nearest second and\n" \
+"  should return that rounded up value.\n" 
 
 #define VFS_xSleep_USAGE "VFS.xSleep(microseconds: int) -> int"
 
@@ -2367,8 +2531,7 @@
 } while(0)
 
 
-#define  Zeroblob_init_DOC "__init__($self,size)\n--\n\nzeroblob.__init__(size: int)\n\n" \
-"If you want to insert a blob into a row, you previously needed to\n" \
+#define  Zeroblob_class_DOC "If you want to insert a blob into a row, you previously needed to\n" \
 "supply the entire blob in one go.  To read just one byte also\n" \
 "required retrieving the blob in its entirety. For example to insert\n" \
 "a 100MB file you would have done::\n" \
@@ -2388,9 +2551,12 @@
 "               (apsw.zeroblob(100000000),))\n" \
 "\n" \
 "This class is used for the second way.  Once a blob exists in the\n" \
-"database, you then use the :class:`blob` class to read and write its\n" \
+"database, you then use the :class:`Blob` class to read and write its\n" \
 "contents.\n" 
 
+#define  Zeroblob_init_DOC "__init__($self,size)\n--\n\nzeroblob.__init__(size: int)\n\n" \
+":param size: Number of zeroed bytes to create\n" 
+
 #define Zeroblob_init_USAGE "zeroblob.__init__(size: int)"
 
 #define Zeroblob_init_CHECK do { \
@@ -2399,8 +2565,147 @@
 
 
 #define  Zeroblob_length_DOC "length($self)\n--\n\nzeroblob.length() -> int\n\n" \
-"Size of zero blob in bytes.\n" \
+"Size of zero blob in bytes.\n" 
+
+#define  AbortError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_ABORT*. Callback routine requested an abort.\n" 
+
+#define  AuthError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_AUTH*.  :attr:`Authorization <Connection.authorizer>` denied.\n" 
+
+#define  BindingsError_exc_DOC "There are several causes for this exception.  When using tuples, an incorrect number of bindings where supplied::\n" \
+"\n" \
+"   cursor.execute(\"select ?,?,?\", (1,2))     # too few bindings\n" \
+"   cursor.execute(\"select ?,?,?\", (1,2,3,4)) # too many bindings\n" \
+"\n" \
+"You are using named bindings, but not all bindings are named.  You should either use entirely the\n" \
+"named style or entirely numeric (unnamed) style::\n" \
+"\n" \
+"   cursor.execute(\"select * from foo where x=:name and y=?\")\n" \
+"\n" \
+".. note::\n" \
+"\n" \
+"   It is not considered an error to have missing keys in a dictionary. For example this is perfectly valid::\n" \
+"\n" \
+"        cursor.execute(\"insert into foo values($a,:b,$c)\", {'a': 1})\n" \
 "\n" \
-"Blob class\n" \
-"==========\n" 
+"   *b* and *c* are not in the dict.  For missing keys, None/NULL\n" \
+"   will be used. This is so you don't have to add lots of spurious\n" \
+"   values to the supplied dict. If your schema requires every column\n" \
+"   have a value, then SQLite will generate an error due to some\n" \
+"   values being None/NULL so that case will be caught.\n" 
+
+#define  BusyError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_BUSY*.  The database file is locked.  Use\n" \
+":meth:`Connection.setbusytimeout` to change how long SQLite waits\n" \
+"for the database to be unlocked or :meth:`Connection.setbusyhandler`\n" \
+"to use your own handler.\n" 
+
+#define  CantOpenError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_CANTOPEN*.  Unable to open the database file.\n" 
+
+#define  ConnectionClosedError_exc_DOC "You have called :meth:`Connection.close` and then continued to use\n" \
+"the :class:`Connection` or associated :class:`cursors <Cursor>`.\n" 
+
+#define  ConnectionNotClosedError_exc_DOC "This exception is no longer generated.  It was required in earlier\n" \
+"releases due to constraints in threading usage with SQLite.\n" 
+
+#define  ConstraintError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_CONSTRAINT*. Abort due to `constraint\n" \
+"<https://sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html>`_ violation.  This\n" \
+"would happen if the schema required a column to be within a specific\n" \
+"range.  If you have multiple constraints, you `can't tell\n" \
+"<https://sqlite.org/src/tktview/23b212820161c6599cbf414aa99bf8a5bfa5e7a3>`__\n" \
+"which one was the cause.\n" 
+
+#define  CorruptError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_CORRUPT*.  The database disk image appears to be a\n" \
+"SQLite database but the values inside are inconsistent.\n" 
+
+#define  CursorClosedError_exc_DOC "You have called :meth:`Cursor.close` and then tried to use the cursor.\n" 
+
+#define  EmptyError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_EMPTY*. Database is completely empty.\n" 
+
+#define  Error_exc_DOC "This is the base for APSW exceptions.\n" 
+
+#define  ExecTraceAbort_exc_DOC "The :ref:`execution tracer <executiontracer>` returned False so\n" \
+"execution was aborted.\n" 
+
+#define  ExecutionCompleteError_exc_DOC "A statement is complete but you try to run it more anyway!\n" 
+
+#define  ExtensionLoadingError_exc_DOC "An error happened loading an `extension\n" \
+"<https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki/wiki?p=LoadableExtensions>`_.\n" 
+
+#define  ForkingViolationError_exc_DOC "See :meth:`apsw.fork_checker`.\n" 
+
+#define  FormatError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_FORMAT*. (No longer used) `Auxiliary database <https://sqlite.org/lang_attach.html>`_ format error.\n" 
+
+#define  FullError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_FULL*.  The disk appears to be full.\n" 
+
+#define  IOError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_IOERR*.  Some kind of disk I/O error occurred.  The\n" \
+":ref:`extended error code <exceptions>` will give more detail.\n" 
+
+#define  IncompleteExecutionError_exc_DOC "You have tried to start a new SQL execute call before executing all\n" \
+"the previous ones. See the :ref:`execution model <executionmodel>`\n" \
+"for more details.\n" 
+
+#define  InternalError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_INTERNAL*. (No longer used) Internal logic error in SQLite.\n" 
+
+#define  InterruptError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_INTERRUPT*.  Operation terminated by\n" \
+"`sqlite3_interrupt <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/interrupt.html>`_ -\n" \
+"use :meth:`Connection.interrupt`.\n" 
+
+#define  LockedError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_LOCKED*.  A table in the database is locked.\n" 
+
+#define  MismatchError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_MISMATCH*. Data type mismatch.  For example a rowid\n" \
+"or integer primary key must be an integer.\n" 
+
+#define  MisuseError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_MISUSE*.  SQLite library used incorrectly - typically similar to *ValueError* in Python.  Examples include not\n" \
+"having enough flags when opening a connection (eg not including a READ or WRITE flag), or out of spec such as registering\n" \
+"a function with more than 127 parameters.\n" 
+
+#define  NoLFSError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_NOLFS*.  SQLite has attempted to use a feature not\n" \
+"supported by the operating system such as `large file support\n" \
+"<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_file_support>`_.\n" 
+
+#define  NoMemError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_NOMEM*.  A memory allocation failed.\n" 
+
+#define  NotADBError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_NOTADB*.  File opened that is not a database file.\n" \
+"SQLite has a header on database files to verify they are indeed\n" \
+"SQLite databases.\n" 
+
+#define  NotFoundError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_NOTFOUND*. Returned when various internal items were\n" \
+"not found such as requests for non-existent system calls or file\n" \
+"controls.\n" 
+
+#define  PermissionsError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_PERM*. Access permission denied by the operating system, or parts of the database are readonly such as a cursor.\n" 
+
+#define  ProtocolError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_PROTOCOL*. (No longer used) Database lock protocol error.\n" 
+
+#define  RangeError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_RANGE*.  (Cannot be generated using APSW).  2nd parameter to `sqlite3_bind <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html>`_ out of range\n" 
+
+#define  ReadOnlyError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_READONLY*. Attempt to write to a readonly database.\n" 
+
+#define  SQLError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_ERROR*.  This error is documented as a bad SQL query\n" \
+"or missing database, but is also returned for a lot of other\n" \
+"situations.  It is the default error code unless there is a more\n" \
+"specific one.\n" 
+
+#define  SchemaChangeError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_SCHEMA*.  The database schema changed.  A\n" \
+":meth:`prepared statement <Cursor.execute>` becomes invalid\n" \
+"if the database schema was changed.  Behind the scenes SQLite\n" \
+"reprepares the statement.  Another or the same :class:`Connection`\n" \
+"may change the schema again before the statement runs.  SQLite will\n" \
+"attempt up to 5 times before giving up and returning this error.\n" 
+
+#define  ThreadingViolationError_exc_DOC "You have used an object concurrently in two threads. For example you\n" \
+"may try to use the same cursor in two different threads at the same\n" \
+"time, or tried to close the same connection in two threads at the\n" \
+"same time.\n" \
+"\n" \
+"You can also get this exception by using a cursor as an argument to\n" \
+"itself (eg as the input data for :meth:`Cursor.executemany`).\n" \
+"Cursors can only be used for one thing at a time.\n" 
+
+#define  TooBigError_exc_DOC "*SQLITE_TOOBIG*.  String or BLOB exceeds size limit.  You can\n" \
+"change the limits using :meth:`Connection.limit`.\n" 
+
+#define  VFSFileClosedError_exc_DOC "The VFS file is closed so the operation cannot be performed.\n" 
+
+#define  VFSNotImplementedError_exc_DOC "A call cannot be made to an inherited :ref:`VFS` method as the VFS\n" \
+"does not implement the method.\n" 
 
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/apswversion.h python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/apswversion.h
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/apswversion.h	2022-07-29 11:52:40.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/apswversion.h	2022-11-25 06:26:20.000000000 +0000
@@ -1 +1 @@
-#define APSW_VERSION "3.39.2.0"
+#define APSW_VERSION "3.40.0.0"
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/backup.c python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/backup.c
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/backup.c	2022-07-30 07:56:36.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/backup.c	2022-11-25 06:27:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@
 
 A backup object encapsulates copying one database to another.  You
 call :meth:`Connection.backup` on the destination database to get the
-backup object.  Call :meth:`~backup.step` to copy some pages
+Backup object.  Call :meth:`~Backup.step` to copy some pages
 repeatedly dealing with errors as appropriate.  Finally
-:meth:`~backup.finish` cleans up committing or rolling back and
+:meth:`~Backup.finish` cleans up committing or rolling back and
 releasing locks.
 
 Here is an example usage using the **with** statement to ensure
-:meth:`~backup.finish` is called::
+:meth:`~Backup.finish` is called::
 
   # copies source.main into db
   with db.backup("main", source, "main") as b:
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
           print(b.remaining, b.pagecount, "\r", flush = True)
 
 If you are not using **with** then you'll need to ensure
-:meth:`~backup.finish` is called::
+:meth:`~Backup.finish` is called::
 
   # copies source.main into db
   b=db.backup("main", source, "main")
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
 
   Copies *npages* pages from the source to destination database.  The source database is locked during the copy so
   using smaller values allows other access to the source database.  The destination database is always locked until the
-  backup object is :meth:`finished <backup.finish>`.
+  backup object is :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>`.
 
   :param npages: How many pages to copy. If the parameter is omitted
      or negative then all remaining pages are copied. The default page
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
   unable to lock the source database.  You can catch those and try
   again.
 
-  :returns: True if this copied the last remaining outstanding pages, else false.  This is the same value as :attr:`~backup.done`
+  :returns: True if this copied the last remaining outstanding pages, else false.  This is the same value as :attr:`~Backup.done`
 
   -* sqlite3_backup_step
 */
@@ -246,9 +246,9 @@
 
 /** .. method:: close(force: bool = False) -> None
 
-  Does the same thing as :meth:`~backup.finish`.  This extra api is
+  Does the same thing as :meth:`~Backup.finish`.  This extra api is
   provided to give the same api as other APSW objects such as
-  :meth:`Connection.close`, :meth:`blob.close` and
+  :meth:`Connection.close`, :meth:`Blob.close` and
   :meth:`Cursor.close`.  It is safe to call this method multiple
   times.
 
@@ -281,8 +281,8 @@
   :type: int
 
   Read only. How many pages were remaining to be copied after the last
-  step.  If you haven't called :meth:`~backup.step` or the backup
-  object has been :meth:`finished <backup.finish>` then zero is
+  step.  If you haven't called :meth:`~Backup.step` or the backup
+  object has been :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>` then zero is
   returned.
 
   -* sqlite3_backup_remaining
@@ -298,8 +298,8 @@
   :type: int
 
   Read only. How many pages were in the source database after the last
-  step.  If you haven't called :meth:`~backup.step` or the backup
-  object has been :meth:`finished <backup.finish>` then zero is
+  step.  If you haven't called :meth:`~Backup.step` or the backup
+  object has been :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>` then zero is
   returned.
 
   -* sqlite3_backup_pagecount
@@ -315,8 +315,8 @@
 
   You can use the backup object as a `context manager
   <http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html#with-statement-context-managers>`_
-  as defined in :pep:`0343`.  The :meth:`~backup.__exit__` method ensures that backup
-  is :meth:`finished <backup.finish>`.
+  as defined in :pep:`0343`.  The :meth:`~Backup.__exit__` method ensures that backup
+  is :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>`.
 */
 static PyObject *
 APSWBackup_enter(APSWBackup *self)
@@ -328,10 +328,10 @@
   return (PyObject *)self;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: __exit__(etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[TracebackType]) -> Literal[False]
+/** .. method:: __exit__(etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Optional[bool]
 
-  Implements context manager in conjunction with :meth:`~backup.__enter__` ensuring
-  that the copy is :meth:`finished <backup.finish>`.
+  Implements context manager in conjunction with :meth:`~Backup.__enter__` ensuring
+  that the copy is :meth:`finished <Backup.finish>`.
 */
 static PyObject *
 APSWBackup_exit(APSWBackup *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@
 /** .. attribute:: done
   :type: bool
 
-  A boolean that is True if the copy completed in the last call to :meth:`~backup.step`.
+  A boolean that is True if the copy completed in the last call to :meth:`~Backup.step`.
 */
 static PyMemberDef backup_members[] = {
     /* name type offset flags doc */
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@
         0,                                                                      /*tp_setattro*/
         0,                                                                      /*tp_as_buffer*/
         Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG, /*tp_flags*/
-        Backup_init_DOC,                                                        /* tp_doc */
+        Backup_class_DOC,                                                       /* tp_doc */
         0,                                                                      /* tp_traverse */
         0,                                                                      /* tp_clear */
         0,                                                                      /* tp_richcompare */
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/blob.c python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/blob.c
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/blob.c	2022-07-30 07:56:36.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/blob.c	2022-11-25 06:27:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 
 /* ZEROBLOB CODE */
 
-/** .. class:: zeroblob(size: int)
+/** .. class:: zeroblob
 
   If you want to insert a blob into a row, you previously needed to
   supply the entire blob in one go.  To read just one byte also
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
                  (apsw.zeroblob(100000000),))
 
   This class is used for the second way.  Once a blob exists in the
-  database, you then use the :class:`blob` class to read and write its
+  database, you then use the :class:`Blob` class to read and write its
   contents.
 */
 
@@ -67,6 +67,10 @@
   return (PyObject *)self;
 }
 
+/** .. method:: __init__(size: int)
+
+  :param size: Number of zeroed bytes to create
+*/
 static int
 ZeroBlobBind_init(ZeroBlobBind *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
@@ -123,7 +127,7 @@
     0,                                                                      /*tp_setattro*/
     0,                                                                      /*tp_as_buffer*/
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG, /*tp_flags*/
-    Zeroblob_init_DOC,                                                      /* tp_doc */
+    Zeroblob_class_DOC,                                                     /* tp_doc */
     0,                                                                      /* tp_traverse */
     0,                                                                      /* tp_clear */
     0,                                                                      /* tp_richcompare */
@@ -183,7 +187,7 @@
     :class:`zeroblob` or the `zeroblob()
     <https://sqlite.org/lang_corefunc.html>`_ function.
 
-  See the :ref:`example <example-blobio>`.
+  See the :ref:`example <example_blob_io>`.
 */
 
 static void
@@ -347,16 +351,16 @@
   return buffy;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: readinto(buffer: Union[bytearray, array[Any], memoryview], offset: int = 0, length: int = -1) -> None
+/** .. method:: readinto(buffer: Union[bytearray, array.array[Any], memoryview], offset: int = 0, length: int = -1) -> None
 
   Reads from the blob into a buffer you have supplied.  This method is
   useful if you already have a buffer like object that data is being
-  assembled in, and avoids allocating results in :meth:`blob.read` and
+  assembled in, and avoids allocating results in :meth:`Blob.read` and
   then copying into buffer.
 
   :param buffer: A writable buffer like object.
                  There is a bytearray type that is very useful.
-                 :class:`array.array` also works.
+                 `arrays <https://docs.python.org/3/library/array.html>`__ also work.
 
   :param offset: The position to start writing into the buffer
                  defaulting to the beginning.
@@ -364,7 +368,7 @@
   :param length: How much of the blob to read.  The default is the
                  remaining space left in the buffer.  Note that if
                  there is more space available than blob left then you
-                 will get a :exc:`ValueError` exception.
+                 will get a *ValueError* exception.
 
   -* sqlite3_blob_read
 */
@@ -574,14 +578,14 @@
   .. note::
 
      In some cases errors that technically occurred in the
-     :meth:`~blob.read` and :meth:`~blob.write` routines may not be
+     :meth:`~Blob.read` and :meth:`~Blob.write` routines may not be
      reported until close is called.  Similarly errors that occurred
-     in those methods (eg calling :meth:`~blob.write` on a read-only
-     blob) may also be re-reported in :meth:`~blob.close`.  (This
+     in those methods (eg calling :meth:`~Blob.write` on a read-only
+     blob) may also be re-reported in :meth:`~Blob.close`.  (This
      behaviour is what the underlying SQLite APIs do - it is not APSW
      doing it.)
 
-  It is okay to call :meth:`~blob.close` multiple times.
+  It is okay to call :meth:`~Blob.close` multiple times.
 
   :param force: Ignores any errors during close.
 
@@ -615,7 +619,7 @@
   You can use a blob as a `context manager
   <http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html#with-statement-context-managers>`_
   as defined in :pep:`0343`.  When you use *with* statement,
-  the blob is always :meth:`closed <~blob.close>` on exit from the block, even if an
+  the blob is always :meth:`closed <Blob.close>` on exit from the block, even if an
   exception occurred in the block.
 
   For example::
@@ -636,10 +640,10 @@
   return (PyObject *)self;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: __exit__() -> Literal[False]
+/** .. method:: __exit__(etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Optional[bool]
 
   Implements context manager in conjunction with
-  :meth:`~blob.__enter__`.  Any exception that happened in the
+  :meth:`~Blob.__enter__`.  Any exception that happened in the
   *with* block is raised after closing the blob.
 */
 
@@ -739,7 +743,7 @@
     0,                                                /*tp_setattro*/
     0,                                                /*tp_as_buffer*/
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG, /*tp_flags*/
-    Blob_init_DOC,                                    /* tp_doc */
+    Blob_class_DOC,                                   /* tp_doc */
     0,                                                /* tp_traverse */
     0,                                                /* tp_clear */
     0,                                                /* tp_richcompare */
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/connection.c python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/connection.c
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/connection.c	2022-07-30 07:56:36.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/connection.c	2022-11-25 06:27:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@
 
   PyObject *dependents; /* tracking cursors & blobs etc as weakrefs belonging to this connection */
 
+  PyObject *cursor_factory;
+
   /* registered hooks/handlers (NULL or callable) */
   PyObject *busyhandler;
   PyObject *rollbackhook;
@@ -125,6 +127,7 @@
 static void
 Connection_internal_cleanup(Connection *self)
 {
+  Py_CLEAR(self->cursor_factory);
   Py_CLEAR(self->busyhandler);
   Py_CLEAR(self->rollbackhook);
   Py_CLEAR(self->profile);
@@ -237,7 +240,7 @@
 /** .. method:: close(force: bool = False) -> None
 
   Closes the database.  If there are any outstanding :class:`cursors
-  <Cursor>`, :class:`blobs <blob>` or :class:`backups <backup>` then
+  <Cursor>`, :class:`blobs <Blob>` or :class:`backups <Backup>` then
   they are closed too.  It is normally not necessary to call this
   method as the database is automatically closed when there are no
   more references.  It is ok to call the method multiple times.
@@ -257,7 +260,7 @@
 
   If *force* is *True* then any exceptions are ignored.
 
-   -* sqlite3_close
+  -* sqlite3_close
 */
 
 /* Closes cursors and blobs belonging to this connection */
@@ -308,6 +311,8 @@
   if (self != NULL)
   {
     self->db = 0;
+    self->cursor_factory = (PyObject *)&APSWCursorType;
+    Py_INCREF(self->cursor_factory);
     self->inuse = 0;
     self->dependents = PyList_New(0);
     self->stmtcache = 0;
@@ -338,7 +343,7 @@
   in-memory database that is not shared with any other connections.
 
   :param flags: One or more of the `open flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`_ orred together
-  :param vfs: The name of the `vfs <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html>`_ to use.  If :const:`None` then the default
+  :param vfs: The name of the `vfs <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html>`_ to use.  If *None* then the default
      vfs will be used.
 
   :param statementcachesize: Use zero to disable the statement cache,
@@ -472,11 +477,11 @@
    :param rowid: The id that uniquely identifies the row.
    :param writeable: If True then you can read and write the blob.  If False then you can only read it.
 
-   :rtype: :class:`blob`
+   :rtype: :class:`Blob`
 
    .. seealso::
 
-     * :ref:`Blob I/O example <example-blobio>`
+     * :ref:`Blob I/O example <example_blob_io>`
      * `SQLite row ids <https://sqlite.org/autoinc.html>`_
 
    -* sqlite3_blob_open
@@ -678,17 +683,27 @@
 static PyObject *
 Connection_cursor(Connection *self)
 {
-  struct APSWCursor *cursor = NULL;
+  PyObject *cursor = NULL;
   PyObject *weakref;
 
   CHECK_USE(NULL);
   CHECK_CLOSED(self, NULL);
 
-  APSW_FAULT_INJECT(CursorAllocFails, cursor = (struct APSWCursor *)PyObject_CallFunction((PyObject *)&APSWCursorType, "O", self), cursor = (struct APSWCursor *)PyErr_NoMemory());
+  APSW_FAULT_INJECT(CursorAllocFails, cursor = PyObject_CallFunction(self->cursor_factory, "O", self), cursor = PyErr_NoMemory());
   if (!cursor)
+  {
+    AddTraceBackHere(__FILE__, __LINE__, "Connection.cursor", "{s: O}", "cursor_factory", OBJ(self->cursor_factory));
     return NULL;
+  }
 
   weakref = PyWeakref_NewRef((PyObject *)cursor, NULL);
+  if (!weakref)
+  {
+    assert(PyErr_Occurred());
+    AddTraceBackHere(__FILE__, __LINE__, "Connection.cursor", "{s: O}", "cursor", OBJ(cursor));
+    Py_DECREF(cursor);
+    return NULL;
+  }
   PyList_Append(self->dependents, weakref);
   Py_DECREF(weakref);
 
@@ -925,7 +940,7 @@
 
   .. seealso::
 
-    * :ref:`Example <example-limit>`
+    * :ref:`Example <example_limits>`
 
 */
 static PyObject *
@@ -974,7 +989,7 @@
 /** .. method:: setupdatehook(callable: Optional[Callable[[int, str, str, int], None]]) -> None
 
   Calls *callable* whenever a row is updated, deleted or inserted.  If
-  *callable* is :const:`None` then any existing update hook is
+  *callable* is *None* then any existing update hook is
   unregistered.  The update hook cannot make changes to the database while
   the query is still executing, but can record them for later use or
   apply them in a different connection.
@@ -982,7 +997,7 @@
   The update hook is called with 4 parameters:
 
     type (int)
-      :const:`SQLITE_INSERT`, :const:`SQLITE_DELETE` or :const:`SQLITE_UPDATE`
+      *SQLITE_INSERT*, *SQLITE_DELETE* or *SQLITE_UPDATE*
     database name (string)
       This is ``main`` for the database or the name specified in
       `ATTACH <https://sqlite.org/lang_attach.html>`_
@@ -993,7 +1008,7 @@
 
   .. seealso::
 
-      * :ref:`Example <example-updatehook>`
+      * :ref:`Example <example_update_hook>`
 
   -* sqlite3_update_hook
 */
@@ -1058,7 +1073,7 @@
 /** .. method:: setrollbackhook(callable: Optional[Callable[[], None]]) -> None
 
   Sets a callable which is invoked during a rollback.  If *callable*
-  is :const:`None` then any existing rollback hook is unregistered.
+  is *None* then any existing rollback hook is unregistered.
 
   The *callable* is called with no parameters and the return value is ignored.
 
@@ -1205,7 +1220,7 @@
   return ok;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: setcommithook(callable: Optional[Callable[[], None]]) -> None
+/** .. method:: setcommithook(callable: Optional[CommitHook]) -> None
 
   *callable* will be called just before a commit.  It should return
   False for the commit to go ahead and True for it to be turned
@@ -1215,7 +1230,7 @@
 
   .. seealso::
 
-    * :ref:`Example <example-commithook>`
+    * :ref:`Example <example_commit_hook>`
 
   -* sqlite3_commit_hook
 
@@ -1298,7 +1313,7 @@
 /** .. method:: setwalhook(callable: Optional[Callable[[Connection, str, int], int]]) -> None
 
  *callable* will be called just after data is committed in :ref:`wal`
- mode.  It should return :const:`SQLITE_OK` or an error code.  The
+ mode.  It should return *SQLITE_OK* or an error code.  The
  callback is called with 3 parameters:
 
    * The Connection
@@ -1387,7 +1402,7 @@
 
   .. seealso::
 
-     * :ref:`Example <example-progress-handler>`
+     * :ref:`Example <example_progress_handler>`
 
   -* sqlite3_progress_handler
 */
@@ -1474,43 +1489,41 @@
   return result;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: setauthorizer(callable: Optional[Callable[[int, Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[str]], int]]) -> None
-
-  While `preparing <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`_
-  statements, SQLite will call any defined authorizer to see if a
-  particular action is ok to be part of the statement.
-
-  Typical usage would be if you are running user supplied SQL and want
-  to prevent harmful operations.  You should also
-  set the :class:`statementcachesize <Connection>` to zero.
-
-  The authorizer callback has 5 parameters:
+static int
+Connection_internal_set_authorizer(Connection *self, PyObject *callable)
+{
+  /* CHECK_USE and CHECK_CLOSED not needed because caller does them */
+  int res = SQLITE_OK;
 
-    * An `operation code <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_
-    * A string (or None) dependent on the operation `(listed as 3rd) <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_
-    * A string (or None) dependent on the operation `(listed as 4th) <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_
-    * A string name of the database (or None)
-    * Name of the innermost trigger or view doing the access (or None)
+  assert(callable != Py_None);
 
-  The authorizer callback should return one of :const:`SQLITE_OK`,
-  :const:`SQLITE_DENY` or :const:`SQLITE_IGNORE`.
-  (:const:`SQLITE_DENY` is returned if there is an error in your
-  Python code).
+  APSW_FAULT_INJECT(SetAuthorizerFail,
+                    PYSQLITE_CON_CALL(res = sqlite3_set_authorizer(self->db, callable ? authorizercb : NULL, callable ? self : NULL)),
+                    res = SQLITE_IOERR);
+  if (res != SQLITE_OK)
+  {
+    SET_EXC(res, self->db);
+    return -1;
+  }
 
-  Passing None unregisters the existing authorizer.
+  Py_CLEAR(self->authorizer);
+  if (callable)
+  {
+    Py_INCREF(callable);
+    self->authorizer = callable;
+  }
 
-  .. seealso::
+  return 0;
+}
 
-    * :ref:`Example <authorizer-example>`
-    * :ref:`statementcache`
+/** .. method:: setauthorizer(callable: Optional[Authorizer]) -> None
 
-  -* sqlite3_set_authorizer
+  Sets the :attr:`authorizer`
 */
 
 static PyObject *
 Connection_setauthorizer(Connection *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
-  int res;
   PyObject *callable;
 
   CHECK_USE(NULL);
@@ -1523,35 +1536,8 @@
       return NULL;
   }
 
-  if (!callable)
-  {
-    APSW_FAULT_INJECT(SetAuthorizerNullFail,
-                      PYSQLITE_CON_CALL(res = sqlite3_set_authorizer(self->db, NULL, NULL)),
-                      res = SQLITE_IOERR);
-    if (res != SQLITE_OK)
-    {
-      SET_EXC(res, self->db);
-      return NULL;
-    }
-    goto finally;
-  }
-
-  APSW_FAULT_INJECT(SetAuthorizerFail,
-                    PYSQLITE_CON_CALL(res = sqlite3_set_authorizer(self->db, authorizercb, self)),
-                    res = SQLITE_IOERR);
-
-  if (res != SQLITE_OK)
-  {
-    SET_EXC(res, self->db);
+  if(Connection_internal_set_authorizer(self, callable))
     return NULL;
-  }
-
-  Py_INCREF(callable);
-
-finally:
-  Py_XDECREF(self->authorizer);
-  self->authorizer = callable;
-
   Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
@@ -1788,7 +1774,7 @@
    Sets the busy handler to callable. callable will be called with one
    integer argument which is the number of prior calls to the busy
    callback for the same lock. If the busy callback returns False,
-   then SQLite returns :const:`SQLITE_BUSY` to the calling code. If
+   then SQLite returns *SQLITE_BUSY* to the calling code. If
    the callback returns True, then SQLite tries to open the table
    again and the cycle repeats.
 
@@ -1962,6 +1948,7 @@
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALZE */
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
 /** .. method:: enableloadextension(enable: bool) -> None
 
   Enables/disables `extension loading
@@ -2049,6 +2036,7 @@
   }
   Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
+#endif
 
 /* USER DEFINED FUNCTION CODE.*/
 static PyTypeObject FunctionCBInfoType =
@@ -2506,7 +2494,7 @@
 
   .. seealso::
 
-     * :ref:`Example <scalar-example>`
+     * :ref:`Example <example_scalar>`
      * :meth:`~Connection.createaggregatefunction`
 
   -* sqlite3_create_function_v2
@@ -2602,7 +2590,7 @@
 
   .. seealso::
 
-     * :ref:`Example <aggregate-example>`
+     * :ref:`Example <example_aggregate>`
      * :meth:`~Connection.createscalarfunction`
 
   -* sqlite3_create_function_v2
@@ -2752,7 +2740,7 @@
 
   .. seealso::
 
-    * :ref:`Example <collation-example>`
+    * :ref:`Example <example_collation>`
 
   -* sqlite3_create_collation_v2
 */
@@ -2876,16 +2864,17 @@
 
 /** .. method:: sqlite3pointer() -> int
 
-  Returns the underlying `sqlite3 *
-  <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/sqlite3.html>`_ for the connection. This
-  method is useful if there are other C level libraries in the same
-  process and you want them to use the APSW connection handle. The
-  value is returned as a number using :meth:`PyLong_FromVoidPtr` under the
-  hood. You should also ensure that you increment the reference count on
-  the :class:`Connection` for as long as the other libraries are using
-  the pointer.  It is also a very good idea to call
-  :meth:`sqlitelibversion` and ensure it is the same as the other
-  libraries.
+Returns the underlying `sqlite3 *
+<https://sqlite.org/c3ref/sqlite3.html>`_ for the connection. This
+method is useful if there are other C level libraries in the same
+process and you want them to use the APSW connection handle. The value
+is returned as a number using `PyLong_FromVoidPtr
+<https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/long.html?highlight=pylong_fromvoidptr#c.PyLong_FromVoidPtr>`__
+under the hood. You should also ensure that you increment the
+reference count on the :class:`Connection` for as long as the other
+libraries are using the pointer.  It is also a very good idea to call
+:meth:`sqlitelibversion` and ensure it is the same as the other
+libraries.
 
 */
 static PyObject *
@@ -2985,7 +2974,7 @@
 
     .. seealso::
 
-       * :ref:`Example <example-vtable>`
+       * :ref:`Example <example_virtual_tables>`
 
     -* sqlite3_create_module_v2
 */
@@ -3036,7 +3025,7 @@
   :param name: Function name
   :param nargs: How many arguments the function takes
 
-  Due to :cvstrac:`3507` underlying errors will not be returned.
+  Due to cvstrac 3507 underlying errors will not be returned.
 
   -* sqlite3_overload_function
 */
@@ -3068,22 +3057,8 @@
 
 /** .. method:: setexectrace(callable: Optional[ExecTracer]) -> None
 
-  *callable* is called with the cursor, statement and bindings for
-  each :meth:`~Cursor.execute` or :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` on this
-  Connection, unless the :class:`Cursor` installed its own
-  tracer. Your execution tracer can also abort execution of a
-  statement.
-
-  If *callable* is :const:`None` then any existing execution tracer is
-  removed.
-
-  .. seealso::
-
-    * :ref:`tracing`
-    * :ref:`rowtracer`
-    * :meth:`Cursor.setexectrace`
+   Method to set :attr:`Connection.exectrace`
 */
-
 static PyObject *
 Connection_setexectrace(Connection *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
@@ -3107,19 +3082,7 @@
 
 /** .. method:: setrowtrace(callable: Optional[RowTracer]) -> None
 
-  *callable* is called with the cursor and row being returned for
-  :class:`cursors <Cursor>` associated with this Connection, unless
-  the Cursor installed its own tracer.  You can change the data that
-  is returned or cause the row to be skipped altogether.
-
-  If *callable* is :const:`None` then any existing row tracer is
-  unregistered.
-
-  .. seealso::
-
-    * :ref:`tracing`
-    * :ref:`rowtracer`
-    * :meth:`Cursor.setexectrace`
+  Method to set :attr:`Connection.rowtrace`
 */
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -3146,12 +3109,9 @@
 
 /** .. method:: getexectrace() -> Optional[ExecTracer]
 
-  Returns the currently installed (via :meth:`~Connection.setexectrace`)
-  execution tracer.
-
-  .. seealso::
+  Returns the currently installed :attr:`execution tracer
+  <Connection.exectrace>`
 
-    * :ref:`tracing`
 */
 static PyObject *
 Connection_getexectrace(Connection *self)
@@ -3168,12 +3128,9 @@
 
 /** .. method:: getrowtrace() -> Optional[RowTracer]
 
-  Returns the currently installed (via :meth:`~Connection.setrowtrace`)
-  row tracer.
-
-  .. seealso::
+  Returns the currently installed :attr:`row tracer
+  <Connection.rowtrace>`
 
-    * :ref:`tracing`
 */
 static PyObject *
 Connection_getrowtrace(Connection *self)
@@ -3197,15 +3154,15 @@
   transaction is rolled back, otherwise it is committed.  For example::
 
     with connection:
-        connection.cursor().execute("....")
+        connection.execute("....")
         with connection:
             # nested is supported
             call_function(connection)
-            connection.cursor().execute("...")
+            connection.execute("...")
             with connection as db:
                 # You can also use 'as'
                 call_function2(db)
-                db.cursor().execute("...")
+                db.execute("...")
 
   Behind the scenes the `savepoint
   <https://sqlite.org/lang_savepoint.html>`_ functionality introduced in
@@ -3265,7 +3222,7 @@
   return NULL;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: __exit__() -> Literal[False]
+/** .. method:: __exit__(etype: Optional[type[BaseException]], evalue: Optional[BaseException], etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Optional[bool]
 
   Implements context manager in conjunction with
   :meth:`~Connection.__enter__`.  Any exception that happened in the
@@ -3316,9 +3273,9 @@
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-Connection_exit(Connection *self, PyObject *args)
+Connection_exit(Connection *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
-  PyObject *etype, *evalue, *etb;
+  PyObject *etype, *evalue, *etraceback;
   long sp;
   int res;
   int return_null = 0;
@@ -3337,12 +3294,16 @@
     self->savepointlevel--;
   sp = self->savepointlevel;
 
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OOO", &etype, &evalue, &etb))
-    return NULL;
+  {
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"etype", "evalue", "etraceback", NULL};
+    Connection_exit_CHECK;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "OOO:" Connection_exit_USAGE, kwlist, &etype, &evalue, &etraceback))
+      return NULL;
+  }
 
   /* try the commit first because it may fail in which case we'll need
      to roll it back - see issue 98 */
-  if (etype == Py_None && evalue == Py_None && etb == Py_None)
+  if (etype == Py_None && evalue == Py_None && etraceback == Py_None)
   {
     res = connection_trace_and_exec(self, 1, sp, 0);
     if (res == -1)
@@ -3440,7 +3401,7 @@
 
     The :func:`status` example which works in exactly the same way.
 
-    * :ref:`Status example <example-status>`
+    * :ref:`Status example <example_status>`
 
   -* sqlite3_db_status
 
@@ -3558,6 +3519,156 @@
   return PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "unknown schema");
 }
 
+/** .. method:: execute(statements: str, bindings: Optional[Bindings] = None, *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor
+
+    Executes the statements using the supplied bindings.  Execution
+    returns when the first row is available or all statements have
+    completed.  (A cursor is automatically obtained).
+
+    See :meth:`Cursor.execute` for more details.
+*/
+static PyObject *
+Connection_execute(Connection *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+  PyObject *cursor = NULL, *method = NULL, *res = NULL;
+  CHECK_USE(NULL);
+  CHECK_CLOSED(self, NULL);
+
+  cursor = PyObject_CallMethod((PyObject *)self, "cursor", NULL);
+  if (!cursor)
+  {
+    AddTraceBackHere(__FILE__, __LINE__, "Connection.execute", "{s: O}", "cursor_factory", OBJ(self->cursor_factory));
+    goto fail;
+  }
+  method = PyObject_GetAttrString(cursor, "execute");
+  if (!method)
+  {
+    assert(PyErr_Occurred());
+    AddTraceBackHere(__FILE__, __LINE__, "Connection.execute", "{s: O}", "cursor", OBJ(cursor));
+    goto fail;
+  }
+  res = PyObject_Call(method, args, kwds);
+
+fail:
+  Py_XDECREF(cursor);
+  Py_XDECREF(method);
+  return res;
+}
+
+/** .. method:: executemany(statements: str, sequenceofbindings:Sequence[Bindings], *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor
+
+This method is for when you want to execute the same statements over a
+sequence of bindings, such as inserting into a database.  (A cursor is
+automatically obtained).
+
+See :meth:`Cursor.executemany` for more details.
+*/
+static PyObject *
+Connection_executemany(Connection *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+  PyObject *cursor = NULL, *method = NULL, *res = NULL;
+  CHECK_USE(NULL);
+  CHECK_CLOSED(self, NULL);
+
+  cursor = PyObject_CallMethod((PyObject *)self, "cursor", NULL);
+  if (!cursor)
+  {
+    AddTraceBackHere(__FILE__, __LINE__, "Connection.executemany", "{s: O}", "cursor_factory", OBJ(self->cursor_factory));
+    goto fail;
+  }
+  method = PyObject_GetAttrString(cursor, "executemany");
+  if (!method)
+  {
+    assert(PyErr_Occurred());
+    AddTraceBackHere(__FILE__, __LINE__, "Connection.executemany ", "{s: O}", "cursor", OBJ(cursor));
+    goto fail;
+  }
+  res = PyObject_Call(method, args, kwds);
+
+fail:
+  Py_XDECREF(cursor);
+  Py_XDECREF(method);
+  return res;
+}
+
+/** .. method:: cache_stats(include_entries: bool = False) -> Dict[str, int]
+
+Returns information about the statement cache as dict.
+
+.. note::
+
+  Calling execute with "select a; select b; insert into c ..." will
+  result in 3 cache entries corresponding to each of the 3 queries
+  present.
+
+The returned dictionary has the following information.
+
+.. list-table::
+  :header-rows: 1
+  :widths: auto
+
+  * - Key
+    - Explanation
+  * - size
+    - Maximum number of entries in the cache
+  * - evictions
+    - How many entries were removed (expired) to make space for a newer
+      entry
+  * - no_cache
+    - Queries that had can_cache parameter set to False
+  * - hits
+    - A match was found in the cache
+  * - misses
+    - No match was found in the cache, or the cache couldn't be used
+  * - no_vdbe
+    - The statement was empty (eg a comment) or SQLite took action
+      during parsing (eg some pragmas).  These are not cached and also
+      included in the misses count
+  * - too_big
+    - UTF8 query size was larger than considered for caching.  These are also included
+      in the misses count.
+  * - max_cacheable_bytes
+    - Maximum size of query (in bytes of utf8) that will be considered for caching
+  * - entries
+    - (Only present if `include_entries` is True) A list of the cache entries
+
+If `entries` is present, then each list entry is a dict with the following information.
+
+.. list-table::
+  :header-rows: 1
+  :widths: auto
+
+  * - Key
+    - Explanation
+  * - query
+    - Text of the query itself (first statement only)
+  * - prepare_flags
+    - Flags passed to `sqlite3_prepare_v3 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`__
+      for this query
+  * - uses
+    - How many times this entry has been (re)used
+  * - has_more
+    - Boolean indicating if there was more query text than
+      the first statement
+
+*/
+static PyObject *
+Connection_cache_stats(Connection *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+  int include_entries = 0;
+
+  CHECK_USE(NULL);
+  CHECK_CLOSED(self, NULL);
+
+  {
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"include_entries", NULL};
+    Connection_cache_stats_CHECK;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "|O&:" Connection_cache_stats_USAGE, kwlist, argcheck_bool, &include_entries))
+      return NULL;
+  }
+  return statementcache_stats(self->stmtcache, include_entries);
+}
+
 /** .. attribute:: filename
   :type: str
 
@@ -3573,13 +3684,243 @@
   return convertutf8string(sqlite3_db_filename(self->db, "main"));
 }
 
+/** .. attribute:: cursor_factory
+  :type: Callable[[Connection], Any]
+
+  Defaults to :class:`Cursor`
+
+  Called with a :class:`Connection` as the only parameter when a cursor
+  is needed such as by the :meth:`cursor` method, or
+  :meth:`Connection.execute`.
+
+  Note that whatever is returned doesn't have to be an actual
+  :class:`Cursor` instance, and just needs to have the methods present
+  that are actually called.  These are likely to be `execute`,
+  `executemany`, `close` etc.
+*/
+
+static PyObject *
+Connection_get_cursor_factory(Connection *self)
+{
+  /* The cursor factory will be NULL if the Connection has been closed.
+     That also helps with garbage collection and reference cycles.  In
+     that case we return None */
+  if (!self->cursor_factory)
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  Py_INCREF(self->cursor_factory);
+  return self->cursor_factory;
+}
+
+static int
+Connection_set_cursor_factory(Connection *self, PyObject *value)
+{
+  if (!PyCallable_Check(value))
+  {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "cursor_factory expected a Callable");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  Py_CLEAR(self->cursor_factory);
+  Py_INCREF(value);
+  self->cursor_factory = value;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** .. attribute:: in_transaction
+  :type: bool
+
+  True if currently in a transaction, else False
+
+  -* sqlite3_get_autocommit
+*/
+static PyObject *
+Connection_get_in_transaction(Connection *self)
+{
+  CHECK_USE(NULL);
+  CHECK_CLOSED(self, NULL);
+  if (!sqlite3_get_autocommit(self->db))
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+  Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+}
+
+/** .. attribute:: exectrace
+  :type: Optional[ExecTracer]
+
+  Called with the cursor, statement and bindings for
+  each :meth:`~Cursor.execute` or :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` on this
+  Connection, unless the :class:`Cursor` installed its own
+  tracer. Your execution tracer can also abort execution of a
+  statement.
+
+  If *callable* is *None* then any existing execution tracer is
+  removed.
+
+  .. seealso::
+
+    * :ref:`tracing`
+    * :ref:`rowtracer`
+    * :attr:`Cursor.exectrace`
+
+*/
+static PyObject *
+Connection_get_exectrace_attr(Connection *self)
+{
+  CHECK_USE(NULL);
+  CHECK_CLOSED(self, NULL);
+
+  if (self->exectrace)
+  {
+    Py_INCREF(self->exectrace);
+    return self->exectrace;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static int
+Connection_set_exectrace_attr(Connection *self, PyObject *value)
+{
+  CHECK_USE(-1);
+  CHECK_CLOSED(self, -1);
+
+  if (value != Py_None && !PyCallable_Check(value))
+  {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "exectrace expected a Callable");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  Py_CLEAR(self->exectrace);
+  if (value != Py_None)
+  {
+    Py_INCREF(value);
+    self->exectrace = value;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** .. attribute:: rowtrace
+  :type: Optional[RowTracer]
+
+  Called with the cursor and row being returned for
+  :class:`cursors <Cursor>` associated with this Connection, unless
+  the Cursor installed its own tracer.  You can change the data that
+  is returned or cause the row to be skipped altogether.
+
+  If *callable* is *None* then any existing row tracer is
+  removed.
+
+  .. seealso::
+
+    * :ref:`tracing`
+    * :ref:`rowtracer`
+    * :attr:`Cursor.exectrace`
+
+*/
+static PyObject *
+Connection_get_rowtrace_attr(Connection *self)
+{
+  CHECK_USE(NULL);
+  CHECK_CLOSED(self, NULL);
+
+  if (self->rowtrace)
+  {
+    Py_INCREF(self->rowtrace);
+    return self->rowtrace;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static int
+Connection_set_rowtrace_attr(Connection *self, PyObject *value)
+{
+  CHECK_USE(-1);
+  CHECK_CLOSED(self, -1);
+
+  if (value != Py_None && !PyCallable_Check(value))
+  {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "rowtrace expected a Callable");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  Py_CLEAR(self->rowtrace);
+  if (value != Py_None)
+  {
+    Py_INCREF(value);
+    self->rowtrace = value;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** .. attribute:: authorizer
+  :type: Optional[Authorizer]
+
+  While `preparing <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`_
+  statements, SQLite will call any defined authorizer to see if a
+  particular action is ok to be part of the statement.
+
+  Typical usage would be if you are running user supplied SQL and want
+  to prevent harmful operations.  You should also
+  set the :class:`statementcachesize <Connection>` to zero.
+
+  The authorizer callback has 5 parameters:
+
+    * An `operation code <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_
+    * A string (or None) dependent on the operation `(listed as 3rd) <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_
+    * A string (or None) dependent on the operation `(listed as 4th) <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_alter_table.html>`_
+    * A string name of the database (or None)
+    * Name of the innermost trigger or view doing the access (or None)
+
+  The authorizer callback should return one of *SQLITE_OK*,
+  *SQLITE_DENY* or *SQLITE_IGNORE*.
+  (*SQLITE_DENY* is returned if there is an error in your
+  Python code).
+
+  .. seealso::
+
+    * :ref:`Example <example_authorizer>`
+    * :ref:`statementcache`
+
+  -* sqlite3_set_authorizer
+*/
+static PyObject *
+Connection_get_authorizer_attr(Connection *self)
+{
+  CHECK_USE(NULL);
+  CHECK_CLOSED(self, NULL);
+
+  if (self->authorizer)
+  {
+    Py_INCREF(self->authorizer);
+    return self->authorizer;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static int
+Connection_set_authorizer_attr(Connection *self, PyObject *value)
+{
+  CHECK_USE(-1);
+  CHECK_CLOSED(self, -1);
+
+  if (value != Py_None && !PyCallable_Check(value))
+  {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "authorizer expected a Callable or None");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return Connection_internal_set_authorizer(self, (value != Py_None) ? value : NULL);
+}
+
 static PyGetSetDef Connection_getseters[] = {
     /* name getter setter doc closure */
     {"filename",
      (getter)Connection_getmainfilename, NULL,
      Connection_filename_DOC, NULL},
+    {"cursor_factory", (getter)Connection_get_cursor_factory,
+     (setter)Connection_set_cursor_factory, Connection_cursor_factory_DOC, NULL},
+    {"in_transaction", (getter)Connection_get_in_transaction,
+     NULL, Connection_in_transaction_DOC},
+    {"exectrace", (getter)Connection_get_exectrace_attr, (setter)Connection_set_exectrace_attr, Connection_exectrace_DOC},
+    {"rowtrace", (getter)Connection_get_rowtrace_attr, (setter)Connection_set_rowtrace_attr, Connection_rowtrace_DOC},
+    {"authorizer", (getter)Connection_get_authorizer_attr, (setter)Connection_set_authorizer_attr, Connection_authorizer_DOC},
     /* Sentinel */
-    {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL}};
+    {
+        NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL}};
 
 /** .. attribute:: open_flags
   :type: int
@@ -3609,6 +3950,7 @@
   Py_VISIT(self->rowtrace);
   Py_VISIT(self->vfs);
   Py_VISIT(self->dependents);
+  Py_VISIT(self->cursor_factory);
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3665,7 +4007,7 @@
      Connection_limit_DOC},
     {"setprofile", (PyCFunction)Connection_setprofile, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
      Connection_setprofile_DOC},
-#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
     {"enableloadextension", (PyCFunction)Connection_enableloadextension, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
      Connection_enableloadextension_DOC},
     {"loadextension", (PyCFunction)Connection_loadextension, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
@@ -3691,7 +4033,7 @@
      Connection_getrowtrace_DOC},
     {"__enter__", (PyCFunction)Connection_enter, METH_NOARGS,
      Connection_enter_DOC},
-    {"__exit__", (PyCFunction)Connection_exit, METH_VARARGS,
+    {"__exit__", (PyCFunction)Connection_exit, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
      Connection_exit_DOC},
     {"wal_autocheckpoint", (PyCFunction)Connection_wal_autocheckpoint, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
      Connection_wal_autocheckpoint_DOC},
@@ -3715,6 +4057,11 @@
      Connection_autovacuum_pages_DOC},
     {"db_names", (PyCFunction)Connection_db_names, METH_NOARGS,
      Connection_db_names_DOC},
+    {"execute", (PyCFunction)Connection_execute, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+     Connection_execute_DOC},
+    {"executemany", (PyCFunction)Connection_executemany, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+     Connection_executemany_DOC},
+    {"cache_stats", (PyCFunction)Connection_cache_stats, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, Connection_cache_stats_DOC},
     {0, 0, 0, 0} /* Sentinel */
 };
 
@@ -3739,7 +4086,7 @@
         0,                                                                                           /*tp_setattro*/
         0,                                                                                           /*tp_as_buffer*/
         Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC, /*tp_flags*/
-        Connection_init_DOC,                                                                         /* tp_doc */
+        Connection_class_DOC,                                                                        /* tp_doc */
         (traverseproc)Connection_tp_traverse,                                                        /* tp_traverse */
         0,                                                                                           /* tp_clear */
         0,                                                                                           /* tp_richcompare */
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/cursor.c python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/cursor.c
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/cursor.c	2022-07-30 07:56:36.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/cursor.c	2022-11-25 06:27:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -11,8 +11,12 @@
 Cursors (executing SQL)
 ***********************
 
-A cursor encapsulates a SQL query and returning results.  To make a
-new cursor you should call :meth:`~Connection.cursor` on your
+A cursor encapsulates a SQL query and returning results.  You only need an
+explicit cursor if you want more information or control over execution.  Using
+:meth:`Connection.execute` or :meth:`Connection.executemany` will automatically
+obtain a cursor behind the scenes.
+
+If you need a cursor you should call :meth:`~Connection.cursor` on your
 database::
 
   db=apsw.Connection("databasefilename")
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@
   sql="insert into example values(?, ?)"
   cursor.execute(sql, ("string", 8390823904))
 
-  # You can also use dictionaries
+  # You can also use dictionaries (with colon, $, or @ before names)
   sql="insert into example values(:title, :isbn)"
   cursor.execute(sql, {"title": "string", "isbn": 8390823904})
 
@@ -52,10 +56,10 @@
 Cursors are cheap.  Use as many as you need.  It is safe to use them
 across threads, such as calling :meth:`~Cursor.execute` in one thread,
 passing the cursor to another thread that then calls
-:meth:`Cursor.next`.  The only thing you can't do is call methods at
+`next <https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html?highlight=next#next>`__.  The only thing you can't do is call methods at
 exactly the same time on the same cursor in two different threads - eg
 trying to call :meth:`~Cursor.execute` in both at the same time, or
-:meth:`~Cursor.execute` in one and :meth:`Cursor.next` in another.
+:meth:`~Cursor.execute` in one and `next <https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html?highlight=next#next>`__ in another.
 (If you do attempt this, it will be detected and
 :exc:`ThreadingViolationError` will be raised.)
 
@@ -72,8 +76,7 @@
 .. note::
 
   SQLite fetches data as it is needed.  If table *example* had 10
-  million rows it would only get the next row as requested (the for
-  loop effectively calls :meth:`~Cursor.next` to get each row).  This
+  million rows it would only get the next row as requested.  This
   code would not work as expected::
 
     for row in cursor.execute("select * from example"):
@@ -142,9 +145,10 @@
   PyObject *bindings;        /* dict or sequence */
   Py_ssize_t bindingsoffset; /* for sequence tracks how far along we are when dealing with multiple statements */
 
-  /* iterator for executemany, original query string */
+  /* iterator for executemany, original query string, prepare options */
   PyObject *emiter;
   PyObject *emoriginalquery;
+  APSWStatementOptions emoptions;
 
   /* tracing functions */
   PyObject *exectrace;
@@ -153,12 +157,14 @@
   /* weak reference support */
   PyObject *weakreflist;
 
-  PyObject *description_cache[2];
+  PyObject *description_cache[3];
 };
 
 typedef struct APSWCursor APSWCursor;
 static PyTypeObject APSWCursorType;
 
+static PyObject *collections_abc_Mapping;
+
 /* CURSOR CODE */
 
 /* Macro for getting a tracer.  If our tracer is NULL then return connection tracer */
@@ -177,6 +183,7 @@
 
   Py_CLEAR(self->description_cache[0]);
   Py_CLEAR(self->description_cache[1]);
+  Py_CLEAR(self->description_cache[2]);
 
   if (force)
     PyErr_Fetch(&etype, &eval, &etb);
@@ -274,6 +281,7 @@
 
   Py_CLEAR(self->description_cache[0]);
   Py_CLEAR(self->description_cache[1]);
+  Py_CLEAR(self->description_cache[2]);
 
   return 0;
 }
@@ -309,6 +317,7 @@
     self->weakreflist = NULL;
     self->description_cache[0] = 0;
     self->description_cache[1] = 0;
+    self->description_cache[2] = 0;
   }
 
   return (PyObject *)self;
@@ -346,7 +355,8 @@
 
 static const char *description_formats[] = {
     "(O&O&)",
-    "(O&O&OOOOO)"};
+    "(O&O&OOOOO)",
+    "(O&O&O&O&O&)"};
 
 static PyObject *
 APSWCursor_internal_getdescription(APSWCursor *self, int fmtnum)
@@ -364,6 +374,7 @@
   {
     assert(self->description_cache[0] == 0);
     assert(self->description_cache[1] == 0);
+    assert(self->description_cache[2] == 0);
     return PyErr_Format(ExcComplete, "Can't get description for statements that have completed execution");
   }
 
@@ -380,21 +391,31 @@
 
   for (i = 0; i < ncols; i++)
   {
-    const char *colname;
-    const char *coldesc;
-
-    PYSQLITE_VOID_CALL((colname = sqlite3_column_name(self->statement->vdbestatement, i), coldesc = sqlite3_column_decltype(self->statement->vdbestatement, i)));
-    APSW_FAULT_INJECT(GetDescriptionFail,
-                      column = Py_BuildValue(description_formats[fmtnum],
-                                             convertutf8string, colname,
-                                             convertutf8string, coldesc,
-                                             Py_None,
-                                             Py_None,
-                                             Py_None,
-                                             Py_None,
-                                             Py_None),
-                      column = PyErr_NoMemory());
-
+#define INDEX self->statement->vdbestatement, i
+/* this is needed because msvc chokes with the ifdef inside */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
+#define DESCFMT2 Py_BuildValue(description_formats[fmtnum],                            \
+                               convertutf8string, sqlite3_column_name(INDEX),          \
+                               convertutf8string, sqlite3_column_decltype(INDEX),      \
+                               convertutf8string, sqlite3_column_database_name(INDEX), \
+                               convertutf8string, sqlite3_column_table_name(INDEX),    \
+                               convertutf8string, sqlite3_column_origin_name(INDEX))
+#else
+#define DESCFMT2 NULL
+#endif
+    INUSE_CALL(
+        APSW_FAULT_INJECT(GetDescriptionFail,
+                          column = (fmtnum < 2) ? Py_BuildValue(description_formats[fmtnum],
+                                                                convertutf8string, sqlite3_column_name(INDEX),
+                                                                convertutf8string, sqlite3_column_decltype(INDEX),
+                                                                Py_None,
+                                                                Py_None,
+                                                                Py_None,
+                                                                Py_None,
+                                                                Py_None)
+                                                : DESCFMT2,
+                          column = PyErr_NoMemory()));
+#undef INDEX
     if (!column)
       goto error;
 
@@ -486,6 +507,51 @@
   return APSWCursor_internal_getdescription(self, 1);
 }
 
+/** .. attribute:: description_full
+  :type: Tuple[Tuple[str, str, str, str, str], ...]
+
+Only present if SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA was defined at
+compile time.
+
+Returns all information about the query result columns. In
+addition to the name and declared type, you also get the database
+name, table name, and origin name.
+
+-* sqlite3_column_name sqlite3_column_decltype sqlite3_column_database_name sqlite3_column_table_name sqlite3_column_origin_name
+
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
+static PyObject *APSWCursor_getdescription_full(APSWCursor *self)
+{
+  return APSWCursor_internal_getdescription(self, 2);
+}
+#endif
+
+static int
+APSWCursor_is_dict_binding(PyObject *obj)
+{
+  /* See https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/373 for why this function exists */
+  assert(obj);
+
+  /* check the most common cases first */
+  if (PyDict_CheckExact(obj))
+    return 1;
+  if (PyList_CheckExact(obj) || PyTuple_CheckExact(obj))
+    return 0;
+
+  /* possible but less likely */
+  if (PyDict_Check(obj))
+    return 1;
+  if (PyList_Check(obj) || PyTuple_Check(obj))
+    return 0;
+
+  /* abstract base classes final answer */
+  if (PyObject_IsInstance(obj, collections_abc_Mapping) == 1)
+    return 1;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
 /* internal function - returns SQLite error code (ie SQLITE_OK if all is well) */
 static int
 APSWCursor_dobinding(APSWCursor *self, int arg, PyObject *obj)
@@ -590,11 +656,10 @@
   }
 
   /* a dictionary? */
-  if (self->bindings && PyDict_Check(self->bindings))
+  if (self->bindings && APSWCursor_is_dict_binding(self->bindings))
   {
     for (arg = 1; arg <= nargs; arg++)
     {
-      PyObject *keyo = NULL;
       const char *key;
 
       PYSQLITE_CUR_CALL(key = sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(self->statement->vdbestatement, arg));
@@ -605,16 +670,21 @@
         return -1;
       }
 
-      assert(*key == ':' || *key == '$');
-      key++; /* first char is a colon or dollar which we skip */
-
-      keyo = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(key, strlen(key), NULL);
-      if (!keyo)
-        return -1;
+      assert(*key == ':' || *key == '$' || *key == '@');
+      key++; /* first char is a colon / dollar / at which we skip */
 
-      obj = PyDict_GetItem(self->bindings, keyo);
-      Py_DECREF(keyo);
+      /*
+      Here be dragons: PyDict_GetItemString swallows exceptions if
+      the item doesn't exist (or any other reason) and apsw has therefore
+      always had the behaviour that missing dict keys get bound as
+      None/null.  PyMapping_GetItemString does throw exceptions.  So to
+      preserve existing behaviour, missing keys from dict are treated as
+      None, while missing keys from other types will throw an exception.
+      */
 
+      obj = PyDict_Check(self->bindings) ? PyDict_GetItemString(self->bindings, key) : PyMapping_GetItemString(self->bindings, key);
+      if (PyErr_Occurred())
+        return -1;
       if (!obj)
         /* this is where we could error on missing keys */
         continue;
@@ -687,7 +757,7 @@
   /* now deal with the bindings */
   if (self->bindings)
   {
-    if (PyDict_Check(self->bindings))
+    if (APSWCursor_is_dict_binding(self->bindings))
     {
       bindings = self->bindings;
       Py_INCREF(self->bindings);
@@ -824,7 +894,7 @@
       Py_CLEAR(self->bindings);
       self->bindingsoffset = 0;
       /* verify type of next before putting in bindings */
-      if (PyDict_Check(next))
+      if (APSWCursor_is_dict_binding(next))
         self->bindings = next;
       else
       {
@@ -842,7 +912,7 @@
     {
       /* we are going again in executemany mode */
       assert(self->emiter);
-      INUSE_CALL(self->statement = statementcache_prepare(self->connection->stmtcache, self->emoriginalquery));
+      INUSE_CALL(self->statement = statementcache_prepare(self->connection->stmtcache, self->emoriginalquery, &self->emoptions));
       res = (self->statement) ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_ERROR;
     }
     else
@@ -866,6 +936,7 @@
 
     Py_CLEAR(self->description_cache[0]);
     Py_CLEAR(self->description_cache[1]);
+    Py_CLEAR(self->description_cache[2]);
 
     if (APSWCursor_dobindings(self))
     {
@@ -891,7 +962,7 @@
   return NULL;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: execute(statements: str, bindings: Optional[Bindings] = None) -> Cursor
+/** .. method:: execute(statements: str, bindings: Optional[Bindings] = None, *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor
 
     Executes the statements using the supplied bindings.  Execution
     returns when the first row is available or all statements have
@@ -901,6 +972,10 @@
       from books`` or ``begin; insert into books ...; select
       last_insert_rowid(); end``.
     :param bindings: If supplied should either be a sequence or a dictionary.  Each item must be one of the :ref:`supported types <types>`
+    :param can_cache: If False then the statement cache will not be used to find an already prepared query, nor will it be
+      placed in the cache after execution
+    :param prepare_flags: `flags <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_prepare_normalize.htm>`__ passed to
+      `sqlite_prepare_v3 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/prepare.html>`__
 
     If you use numbered bindings in the query then supply a sequence.
     Any sequence will work including lists and iterators.  For
@@ -937,12 +1012,11 @@
     :raises BindingsError: You supplied too many or too few bindings for the statements
     :raises IncompleteExecutionError: There are remaining unexecuted queries from your last execute
 
-    -* sqlite3_prepare_v2 sqlite3_step sqlite3_bind_int64 sqlite3_bind_null sqlite3_bind_text sqlite3_bind_double sqlite3_bind_blob sqlite3_bind_zeroblob
+    -* sqlite3_prepare_v3 sqlite3_step sqlite3_bind_int64 sqlite3_bind_null sqlite3_bind_text sqlite3_bind_double sqlite3_bind_blob sqlite3_bind_zeroblob
 
     .. seealso::
 
        * :ref:`executionmodel`
-       * :ref:`Example <example-cursor>`
 
 */
 static PyObject *
@@ -950,8 +1024,11 @@
 {
   int res;
   int savedbindingsoffset = -1;
+  int prepare_flags = 0;
+  int can_cache = 1;
   PyObject *retval = NULL;
-  PyObject *statements, *bindings=NULL;
+  PyObject *statements, *bindings = NULL;
+  APSWStatementOptions options;
 
   CHECK_USE(NULL);
   CHECK_CURSOR_CLOSED(NULL);
@@ -965,16 +1042,19 @@
 
   assert(!self->bindings);
   {
-    static char *kwlist[] = {"statements", "bindings", NULL};
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"statements", "bindings", "can_cache", "prepare_flags", NULL};
     Cursor_execute_CHECK;
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O!|O&:" Cursor_execute_USAGE, kwlist, &PyUnicode_Type, &statements, argcheck_Optional_Bindings, &bindings))
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O!|O&$O&i:" Cursor_execute_USAGE, kwlist, &PyUnicode_Type, &statements, argcheck_Optional_Bindings, &bindings, argcheck_bool, &can_cache, &prepare_flags))
       return NULL;
   }
   self->bindings = bindings;
 
+  options.can_cache = can_cache;
+  options.prepare_flags = prepare_flags;
+
   if (self->bindings)
   {
-    if (PyDict_Check(self->bindings))
+    if (APSWCursor_is_dict_binding(self->bindings))
       Py_INCREF(self->bindings);
     else
     {
@@ -986,7 +1066,7 @@
 
   assert(!self->statement);
   assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
-  INUSE_CALL(self->statement = statementcache_prepare(self->connection->stmtcache, statements));
+  INUSE_CALL(self->statement = statementcache_prepare(self->connection->stmtcache, statements, &options));
   if (!self->statement)
   {
     AddTraceBackHere(__FILE__, __LINE__, "APSWCursor_execute.sqlite3_prepare", "{s: O, s: O}",
@@ -1026,7 +1106,7 @@
   return retval;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: executemany(statements: str, sequenceofbindings: Sequence[Bindings]) -> Cursor
+/** .. method:: executemany(statements: str, sequenceofbindings: Sequence[Bindings], *, can_cache: bool = True, prepare_flags: int = 0) -> Cursor
 
   This method is for when you want to execute the same statements over
   a sequence of bindings.  Conceptually it does this::
@@ -1057,6 +1137,8 @@
   PyObject *next = NULL;
   PyObject *statements = NULL;
   int savedbindingsoffset = -1;
+  int can_cache = 1;
+  int prepare_flags = 0;
 
   CHECK_USE(NULL);
   CHECK_CURSOR_CLOSED(NULL);
@@ -1073,9 +1155,9 @@
   assert(!self->emoriginalquery);
   assert(self->status == C_DONE);
   {
-    static char *kwlist[] = {"statements", "sequenceofbindings", NULL};
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"statements", "sequenceofbindings", "can_cache", "prepare_flags", NULL};
     Cursor_executemany_CHECK;
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O!O:" Cursor_executemany_USAGE, kwlist, &PyUnicode_Type, &statements, &sequenceofbindings))
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O!O|$O&i:" Cursor_executemany_USAGE, kwlist, &PyUnicode_Type, &statements, &sequenceofbindings, argcheck_bool, &can_cache, &prepare_flags))
       return NULL;
   }
   self->emiter = PyObject_GetIter(sequenceofbindings);
@@ -1092,7 +1174,7 @@
     return (PyObject *)self;
   }
 
-  if (PyDict_Check(next))
+  if (APSWCursor_is_dict_binding(next))
     self->bindings = next;
   else
   {
@@ -1102,10 +1184,13 @@
       return NULL;
   }
 
+  self->emoptions.can_cache = can_cache;
+  self->emoptions.prepare_flags = prepare_flags;
+
   assert(!self->statement);
   assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
   assert(!self->statement);
-  INUSE_CALL(self->statement = statementcache_prepare(self->connection->stmtcache, statements));
+  INUSE_CALL(self->statement = statementcache_prepare(self->connection->stmtcache, statements, &self->emoptions));
   if (!self->statement)
   {
     AddTraceBackHere(__FILE__, __LINE__, "APSWCursor_executemany.sqlite3_prepare", "{s: O, s: O}",
@@ -1271,20 +1356,8 @@
 
 /** .. method:: setexectrace(callable: Optional[ExecTracer]) -> None
 
-  *callable* is called with the cursor, statement and bindings for
-  each :meth:`~Cursor.execute` or :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` on this
-  cursor.
-
-  If *callable* is :const:`None` then any existing execution tracer is
-  unregistered.
-
-  .. seealso::
-
-    * :ref:`tracing`
-    * :ref:`executiontracer`
-    * :meth:`Connection.setexectrace`
+  Sets the :attr:`execution tracer <Cursor.exectrace>`
 */
-
 static PyObject *
 APSWCursor_setexectrace(APSWCursor *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
@@ -1308,18 +1381,7 @@
 
 /** .. method:: setrowtrace(callable: Optional[RowTracer]) -> None
 
-  *callable* is called with cursor and row being returned.  You can
-  change the data that is returned or cause the row to be skipped
-  altogether.
-
-  If *callable* is :const:`None` then any existing row tracer is
-  unregistered.
-
-  .. seealso::
-
-    * :ref:`tracing`
-    * :ref:`rowtracer`
-    * :meth:`Connection.setexectrace`
+  Sets the :attr:`row tracer <Cursor.rowtrace>`
 */
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1345,8 +1407,8 @@
 
 /** .. method:: getexectrace() -> Optional[ExecTracer]
 
-  Returns the currently installed (via :meth:`~Cursor.setexectrace`)
-  execution tracer.
+  Returns the currently installed :attr:`execution tracer
+  <Cursor.exectrace>`
 
   .. seealso::
 
@@ -1387,13 +1449,7 @@
 
 /** .. method:: getconnection() -> Connection
 
-  Returns the :class:`Connection` this cursor belongs to.  An example usage is to get another cursor::
-
-    def func(cursor):
-      # I don't want to alter existing cursor, so make a new one
-      mycursor=cursor.getconnection().cursor()
-      mycursor.execute("....")
-
+  Returns the :attr:`connection` this cursor is using
 */
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1441,6 +1497,191 @@
   return res;
 }
 
+/** .. attribute:: exectrace
+  :type: Optional[ExecTracer]
+
+  Called with the cursor, statement and bindings for
+  each :meth:`~Cursor.execute` or :meth:`~Cursor.executemany` on this
+  cursor.
+
+  If *callable* is *None* then any existing execution tracer is
+  unregistered.
+
+  .. seealso::
+
+    * :ref:`tracing`
+    * :ref:`executiontracer`
+    * :attr:`Connection.exectrace`
+
+*/
+static PyObject *
+APSWCursor_get_exectrace_attr(APSWCursor *self)
+{
+  CHECK_USE(NULL);
+  CHECK_CURSOR_CLOSED(NULL);
+
+  if (self->exectrace)
+  {
+    Py_INCREF(self->exectrace);
+    return self->exectrace;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static int
+APSWCursor_set_exectrace_attr(APSWCursor *self, PyObject *value)
+{
+  CHECK_USE(-1);
+  CHECK_CURSOR_CLOSED(-1);
+
+  if (value != Py_None && !PyCallable_Check(value))
+  {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "exectrace expected a Callable");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  Py_CLEAR(self->exectrace);
+  if (value != Py_None)
+  {
+    Py_INCREF(value);
+    self->exectrace = value;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** .. attribute:: rowtrace
+  :type: Optional[RowTracer]
+
+  Called with cursor and row being returned.  You can
+  change the data that is returned or cause the row to be skipped
+  altogether.
+
+  If *callable* is *None* then any existing row tracer is
+  unregistered.
+
+  .. seealso::
+
+    * :ref:`tracing`
+    * :ref:`rowtracer`
+    * :attr:`Connection.rowtrace`
+
+*/
+static PyObject *
+APSWCursor_get_rowtrace_attr(APSWCursor *self)
+{
+  CHECK_USE(NULL);
+  CHECK_CURSOR_CLOSED(NULL);
+
+  if (self->rowtrace)
+  {
+    Py_INCREF(self->rowtrace);
+    return self->rowtrace;
+  }
+  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static int
+APSWCursor_set_rowtrace_attr(APSWCursor *self, PyObject *value)
+{
+  CHECK_USE(-1);
+  CHECK_CURSOR_CLOSED(-1);
+
+  if (value != Py_None && !PyCallable_Check(value))
+  {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "rowtrace expected a Callable");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  Py_CLEAR(self->rowtrace);
+  if (value != Py_None)
+  {
+    Py_INCREF(value);
+    self->rowtrace = value;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/** .. attribute:: connection
+  :type: Connection
+
+  :class:`Connection` this cursor is using
+*/
+static PyObject *
+APSWCursor_getconnection_attr(APSWCursor *self)
+{
+  CHECK_USE(NULL);
+  CHECK_CURSOR_CLOSED(NULL);
+
+  Py_INCREF(self->connection);
+  return (PyObject *)self->connection;
+}
+
+/** .. attribute:: is_explain
+  :type: int
+
+  Returns 0 if executing a normal query, 1 if it is an EXPLAIN query,
+  and 2 if an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN query.
+
+  -* sqlite3_stmt_isexplain
+*/
+static PyObject *
+APSWCursor_is_explain(APSWCursor *self)
+{
+  CHECK_USE(NULL);
+  CHECK_CURSOR_CLOSED(NULL);
+
+  return PyLong_FromLong(sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(self->statement->vdbestatement));
+}
+
+/** .. attribute:: is_readonly
+  :type: bool
+
+  Returns True if the current query does not change the database.
+
+  Note that called functions, virtual tables etc could make changes though.
+
+  -* sqlite3_stmt_readonly
+*/
+static PyObject *
+APSWCursor_is_readonly(APSWCursor *self)
+{
+  CHECK_USE(NULL);
+  CHECK_CURSOR_CLOSED(NULL);
+
+  if (sqlite3_stmt_readonly(self->statement->vdbestatement))
+    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+  Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+}
+
+/** .. attribute:: expanded_sql
+  :type: str
+
+  The SQL text with bound parameters expanded.  For example::
+
+     execute("select ?, ?", (3, "three"))
+
+  would return::
+
+     select 3, 'three'
+
+  Note that while SQLite supports nulls in strings, their implementation
+  of sqlite3_expanded_sql stops at the first null.
+
+  -* sqlite3_expanded_sql
+*/
+static PyObject *
+APSWCursor_expanded_sql(APSWCursor *self)
+{
+  PyObject *res;
+  const char *es;
+  CHECK_USE(NULL);
+  CHECK_CURSOR_CLOSED(NULL);
+
+  PYSQLITE_VOID_CALL(es = sqlite3_expanded_sql(self->statement->vdbestatement));
+
+  res = convertutf8string(es);
+  sqlite3_free((void *)es);
+  return res;
+}
+
 static PyMethodDef APSWCursor_methods[] = {
     {"execute", (PyCFunction)APSWCursor_execute, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
      Cursor_execute_DOC},
@@ -1469,6 +1710,15 @@
 
 static PyGetSetDef APSWCursor_getset[] = {
     {"description", (getter)APSWCursor_getdescription_dbapi, NULL, Cursor_description_DOC, NULL},
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
+    {"description_full", (getter)APSWCursor_getdescription_full, NULL, Cursor_description_full_DOC, NULL},
+#endif
+    {"is_explain", (getter)APSWCursor_is_explain, NULL, Cursor_is_explain_DOC, NULL},
+    {"is_readonly", (getter)APSWCursor_is_readonly, NULL, Cursor_is_readonly_DOC, NULL},
+    {"expanded_sql", (getter)APSWCursor_expanded_sql, NULL, Cursor_expanded_sql_DOC, NULL},
+    {"exectrace", (getter)APSWCursor_get_exectrace_attr, (setter)APSWCursor_set_exectrace_attr, Cursor_exectrace_DOC},
+    {"rowtrace", (getter)APSWCursor_get_rowtrace_attr, (setter)APSWCursor_set_rowtrace_attr, Cursor_rowtrace_DOC},
+    {"connection", (getter)APSWCursor_getconnection_attr, NULL, Cursor_connection_DOC},
     {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL}};
 
 static PyTypeObject APSWCursorType = {
@@ -1491,7 +1741,7 @@
     0,                                                                                           /*tp_setattro*/
     0,                                                                                           /*tp_as_buffer*/
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC, /*tp_flags*/
-    Cursor_init_DOC,                                                                             /* tp_doc */
+    Cursor_class_DOC,                                                                            /* tp_doc */
     (traverseproc)APSWCursor_tp_traverse,                                                        /* tp_traverse */
     0,                                                                                           /* tp_clear */
     0,                                                                                           /* tp_richcompare */
@@ -1517,5 +1767,4 @@
     0,                                                                                           /* tp_subclasses */
     0,                                                                                           /* tp_weaklist */
     0,                                                                                           /* tp_del */
-    PyType_TRAILER
-};
+    PyType_TRAILER};
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/exceptions.c python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/exceptions.c
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/exceptions.c	2022-07-30 07:56:36.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/exceptions.c	2022-11-25 06:27:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -101,43 +101,44 @@
   int code;
   const char *name;
   PyObject *cls;
+  const char *doc;
 } exc_descriptors[] =
     {
         /* Generic Errors */
-        {SQLITE_ERROR, "SQL", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_MISMATCH, "Mismatch", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_NOTFOUND, "NotFound", NULL},
+        {SQLITE_ERROR, "SQL", NULL, SQLError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_MISMATCH, "Mismatch", NULL, MismatchError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_NOTFOUND, "NotFound", NULL, NotFoundError_exc_DOC},
 
         /* Internal Errors */
-        {SQLITE_INTERNAL, "Internal", NULL}, /* NOT USED */
-        {SQLITE_PROTOCOL, "Protocol", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_MISUSE, "Misuse", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_RANGE, "Range", NULL},
+        {SQLITE_INTERNAL, "Internal", NULL, InternalError_exc_DOC}, /* NOT USED */
+        {SQLITE_PROTOCOL, "Protocol", NULL, ProtocolError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_MISUSE, "Misuse", NULL, MisuseError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_RANGE, "Range", NULL, RangeError_exc_DOC},
 
         /* permissions etc */
-        {SQLITE_PERM, "Permissions", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_READONLY, "ReadOnly", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_CANTOPEN, "CantOpen", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_AUTH, "Auth", NULL},
+        {SQLITE_PERM, "Permissions", NULL, PermissionsError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_READONLY, "ReadOnly", NULL, ReadOnlyError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_CANTOPEN, "CantOpen", NULL, CantOpenError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_AUTH, "Auth", NULL, AuthError_exc_DOC},
 
         /* abort/busy/etc */
-        {SQLITE_ABORT, "Abort", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_BUSY, "Busy", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_LOCKED, "Locked", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_INTERRUPT, "Interrupt", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_SCHEMA, "SchemaChange", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, "Constraint", NULL},
+        {SQLITE_ABORT, "Abort", NULL, AbortError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_BUSY, "Busy", NULL, BusyError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_LOCKED, "Locked", NULL, LockedError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_INTERRUPT, "Interrupt", NULL, InterruptError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_SCHEMA, "SchemaChange", NULL, SchemaChangeError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, "Constraint", NULL, ConstraintError_exc_DOC},
 
         /* memory/disk/corrupt etc */
-        {SQLITE_NOMEM, "NoMem", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_IOERR, "IO", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_CORRUPT, "Corrupt", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_FULL, "Full", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_TOOBIG, "TooBig", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_NOLFS, "NoLFS", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_EMPTY, "Empty", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_FORMAT, "Format", NULL},
-        {SQLITE_NOTADB, "NotADB", NULL},
+        {SQLITE_NOMEM, "NoMem", NULL, NoMemError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_IOERR, "IO", NULL, IOError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_CORRUPT, "Corrupt", NULL, CorruptError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_FULL, "Full", NULL, FullError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_TOOBIG, "TooBig", NULL, TooBigError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_NOLFS, "NoLFS", NULL, NoLFSError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_EMPTY, "Empty", NULL, EmptyError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_FORMAT, "Format", NULL, FormatError_exc_DOC},
+        {SQLITE_NOTADB, "NotADB", NULL, NotADBError_exc_DOC},
 
         {-1, 0, 0}};
 
@@ -149,6 +150,7 @@
 {
   PyObject **var;
   const char *name;
+  const char *doc;
 } APSWExceptionMapping;
 
 static int init_exceptions(PyObject *m)
@@ -158,25 +160,25 @@
   PyObject *obj;
 
   APSWExceptionMapping apswexceptions[] = {
-      {&ExcThreadingViolation, "ThreadingViolationError"},
-      {&ExcIncomplete, "IncompleteExecutionError"},
-      {&ExcBindings, "BindingsError"},
-      {&ExcComplete, "ExecutionCompleteError"},
-      {&ExcTraceAbort, "ExecTraceAbort"},
-      {&ExcExtensionLoading, "ExtensionLoadingError"},
-      {&ExcConnectionNotClosed, "ConnectionNotClosedError"},
-      {&ExcConnectionClosed, "ConnectionClosedError"},
-      {&ExcCursorClosed, "CursorClosedError"},
-      {&ExcVFSNotImplemented, "VFSNotImplementedError"},
-      {&ExcVFSFileClosed, "VFSFileClosedError"},
-      {&ExcForkingViolation, "ForkingViolationError"}};
+      {&ExcThreadingViolation, "ThreadingViolationError", ThreadingViolationError_exc_DOC},
+      {&ExcIncomplete, "IncompleteExecutionError", IncompleteExecutionError_exc_DOC},
+      {&ExcBindings, "BindingsError", BindingsError_exc_DOC},
+      {&ExcComplete, "ExecutionCompleteError", ExecutionCompleteError_exc_DOC},
+      {&ExcTraceAbort, "ExecTraceAbort", ExecTraceAbort_exc_DOC},
+      {&ExcExtensionLoading, "ExtensionLoadingError", ExtensionLoadingError_exc_DOC},
+      {&ExcConnectionNotClosed, "ConnectionNotClosedError", ConnectionNotClosedError_exc_DOC},
+      {&ExcConnectionClosed, "ConnectionClosedError", ConnectionClosedError_exc_DOC},
+      {&ExcCursorClosed, "CursorClosedError", CursorClosedError_exc_DOC},
+      {&ExcVFSNotImplemented, "VFSNotImplementedError", VFSNotImplementedError_exc_DOC},
+      {&ExcVFSFileClosed, "VFSFileClosedError", VFSFileClosedError_exc_DOC},
+      {&ExcForkingViolation, "ForkingViolationError", ForkingViolationError_exc_DOC}};
 
   /* PyModule_AddObject uses borrowed reference so we incref whatever
      we give to it, so we still have a copy to use */
 
   /* custom ones first */
 
-  APSWException = PyErr_NewException("apsw.Error", NULL, NULL);
+  APSWException = PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc("apsw.Error", Error_exc_DOC, NULL, NULL);
   if (!APSWException)
     return -1;
   Py_INCREF(APSWException);
@@ -186,7 +188,7 @@
   for (i = 0; i < sizeof(apswexceptions) / sizeof(apswexceptions[0]); i++)
   {
     PyOS_snprintf(buffy, sizeof(buffy), "apsw.%s", apswexceptions[i].name);
-    *apswexceptions[i].var = PyErr_NewException(buffy, APSWException, NULL);
+    *apswexceptions[i].var = PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc(buffy, apswexceptions[i].doc, APSWException, NULL);
     if (!*apswexceptions[i].var)
       return -1;
     /* PyModule_AddObject steals the ref, but we don't add a ref for
@@ -200,7 +202,7 @@
   for (i = 0; exc_descriptors[i].name; i++)
   {
     PyOS_snprintf(buffy, sizeof(buffy), "apsw.%sError", exc_descriptors[i].name);
-    obj = PyErr_NewException(buffy, APSWException, NULL);
+    obj = PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc(buffy, exc_descriptors[i].doc, APSWException, NULL);
     if (!obj)
       return -1;
     exc_descriptors[i].cls = obj;
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/shell.c python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/shell.c
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/shell.c	2022-07-30 08:02:14.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/shell.c	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,2792 +0,0 @@
-/* Automatically generated by setup.py from tools/shell.py */
-
-  "\n"
-  "import sys\n"
-  "import shlex\n"
-  "import os\n"
-  "import csv\n"
-  "import re\n"
-  "import textwrap\n"
-  "import time\n"
-  "import codecs\n"
-  "import base64\n"
-  "\n"
-  "from typing import TextIO\n"
-  "\n"
-  "if sys.platform == \"win32\":\n"
-  "    _win_colour = False\n"
-  "    try:\n"
-  "        import colorama\n"
-  "        colorama.init()\n"
-  "        del colorama\n"
-  "        _win_colour = True\n"
-  "    except:  # there are several failure reasons, ignore them all\n"
-  "        pass\n"
-  "\n"
-  "\n"
-  "class Shell:\n"
-  "    \"\"\"Implements a SQLite shell\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    :param stdin: Where to read input from (default sys.stdin)\n"
-  "    :param stdout: Where to send output (default sys.stdout)\n"
-  "    :param stderr: Where to send errors (default sys.stderr)\n"
-  "    :param encoding: Default encoding for files opened/created by the\n"
-  "      Shell.  If you want stdin/out/err to use a particular encoding\n"
-  "      then you need to provide them `already configured <http://docs.python.org/library/codecs.html#codecs.open>`__ that way.\n"
-  "    :param args: This should be program arguments only (ie if\n"
-  "      passing in sys.argv do not include sys.argv[0] which is the\n"
-  "      program name.  You can also pass in None and then call\n"
-  "      :meth:`process_args` if you want to catch any errors\n"
-  "      in handling the arguments yourself.\n"
-  "    :param db: A existing :class:`Connection` you wish to use\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    The commands and behaviour are modelled after the `interactive\n"
-  "    shell <https://sqlite.org/sqlite.html>`__ that is part of\n"
-  "    SQLite.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    You can inherit from this class to embed in your own code and user\n"
-  "    interface.  Internally everything is handled as unicode.\n"
-  "    Conversions only happen at the point of input or output which you\n"
-  "    can override in your own code.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    Errors and diagnostics are only ever sent to error output\n"
-  "    (self.stderr) and never to the regular output (self.stdout).  This\n"
-  "    means using shell output is always easy and consistent.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    Shell commands begin with a dot (eg .help).  They are implemented\n"
-  "    as a method named after the command (eg command_help).  The method\n"
-  "    is passed one parameter which is the list of arguments to the\n"
-  "    command.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    Output modes are implemented by functions named after the mode (eg\n"
-  "    output_column).\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    When you request help the help information is automatically\n"
-  "    generated from the docstrings for the command and output\n"
-  "    functions.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    You should not use a Shell object concurrently from multiple\n"
-  "    threads.  It is one huge set of state information which would\n"
-  "    become inconsistent if used simultaneously, and then give baffling\n"
-  "    errors.  It is safe to call methods one at a time from different\n"
-  "    threads.  ie it doesn't care what thread calls methods as long as\n"
-  "    you don't call more than one concurrently.\n"
-  "    \"\"\"\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    class Error(Exception):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Class raised on errors.  The expectation is that the error\n"
-  "        will be displayed by the shell as text so there are no\n"
-  "        specific subclasses as the distinctions between different\n"
-  "        types of errors doesn't matter.\"\"\"\n"
-  "        pass\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def __init__(self, stdin: TextIO = None, stdout=None, stderr=None, encoding: str = \"utf8\", args=None, db=None):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Create instance, set defaults and do argument processing.\"\"\"\n"
-  "        self.exceptions = False\n"
-  "        self.history_file = \"~/.sqlite_history\"\n"
-  "        self._db = None\n"
-  "        self.dbfilename = None\n"
-  "        if db:\n"
-  "            self.db = db, db.filename\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            self.db = None, None\n"
-  "        self.prompt = \"sqlite> \"\n"
-  "        self.moreprompt = \"    ..> \"\n"
-  "        self.separator = \"|\"\n"
-  "        self.bail = False\n"
-  "        self.echo = False\n"
-  "        self.timer = False\n"
-  "        self.header = False\n"
-  "        self.nullvalue = \"\"\n"
-  "        self.output = self.output_list\n"
-  "        self._output_table = self._fmt_sql_identifier(\"table\")\n"
-  "        self.widths = []\n"
-  "        self.truncate = True\n"
-  "        self._output_stack = []\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        self.set_encoding(encoding)\n"
-  "        if stdin is None: stdin = sys.stdin\n"
-  "        if stdout is None: stdout = sys.stdout\n"
-  "        if stderr is None: stderr = sys.stderr\n"
-  "        self.stdin = stdin\n"
-  "        self.stdout = stdout\n"
-  "        self._original_stdout = stdout\n"
-  "        self.stderr = stderr\n"
-  "        self.interactive = None\n"
-  "        self.command_colour()  # set to default\n"
-  "        self._using_readline = False\n"
-  "        self._input_stack = []\n"
-  "        self.input_line_number = 0\n"
-  "        self.push_input()\n"
-  "        self.push_output()\n"
-  "        self._input_descriptions = []\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        if args:\n"
-  "            try:\n"
-  "                self.process_args(args)\n"
-  "            except:\n"
-  "                if len(self._input_descriptions):\n"
-  "                    self._input_descriptions.append(\"Processing command line arguments\")\n"
-  "                self.handle_exception()\n"
-  "                raise\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        if self.interactive is None:\n"
-  "            self.interactive = getattr(self.stdin, \"isatty\", False) and self.stdin.isatty() and getattr(\n"
-  "                self.stdout, \"isatty\", False) and self.stdout.isatty()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _ensure_db(self):\n"
-  "        \"The database isn't opened until first use.  This function ensures it is now open.\"\n"
-  "        if not self._db:\n"
-  "            if not self.dbfilename:\n"
-  "                self.dbfilename = \":memory:\"\n"
-  "            self._db = apsw.Connection(self.dbfilename,\n"
-  "                                       flags=apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_URI | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE\n"
-  "                                       | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE)\n"
-  "        return self._db\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _set_db(self, newv):\n"
-  "        \"Sets the open database (or None) and filename\"\n"
-  "        (db, dbfilename) = newv\n"
-  "        if self._db:\n"
-  "            self._db.close(True)\n"
-  "            self._db = None\n"
-  "        self._db = db\n"
-  "        self.dbfilename = dbfilename\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    db = property(_ensure_db, _set_db, None, \"The current :class:`Connection`\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def process_args(self, args):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Process command line options specified in args.  It is safe to\n"
-  "        call this multiple times.  We try to be compatible with SQLite shell\n"
-  "        argument parsing.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        :param args: A list of string options.  Do not include the\n"
-  "           program as args[0]\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        :returns: A tuple of (databasefilename, initfiles,\n"
-  "           sqlncommands).  This is provided for informational purposes\n"
-  "           only - they have already been acted upon.  An example use\n"
-  "           is that the SQLite shell does not enter the main interactive\n"
-  "           loop if any sql/commands were provided.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        The first non-option is the database file name.  Each\n"
-  "        remaining non-option is treated as a complete input (ie it\n"
-  "        isn't joined with others looking for a trailing semi-colon).\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        The SQLite shell uses single dash in front of options.  We\n"
-  "        allow both single and double dashes.  When an unrecognized\n"
-  "        argument is encountered then\n"
-  "        :meth:`process_unknown_args` is called.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if not args:\n"
-  "            return None, [], []\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        options = True\n"
-  "        havedbname = False\n"
-  "        inits = []\n"
-  "        sqls = []\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        while args:\n"
-  "            if not options or not args[0].startswith(\"-\"):\n"
-  "                options = False\n"
-  "                if not havedbname:\n"
-  "                    self.db = None, args[0]\n"
-  "                    havedbname = True\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    sqls.append(args[0])\n"
-  "                args = args[1:]\n"
-  "                continue\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            args[0] = args[0][1:]\n"
-  "            if args[0].startswith(\"-\"):\n"
-  "                args[0] = args[0][1:]\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if args[0] == \"init\":\n"
-  "                if len(args) < 2:\n"
-  "                    raise self.Error(\"You need to specify a filename after -init\")\n"
-  "                inits.append(args[1])\n"
-  "                args = args[2:]\n"
-  "                continue\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if args[0] == \"header\" or args[0] == \"noheader\":\n"
-  "                self.header = args[0] == \"header\"\n"
-  "                args = args[1:]\n"
-  "                continue\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if args[0] in (\"echo\", \"bail\", \"interactive\"):\n"
-  "                setattr(self, args[0], True)\n"
-  "                args = args[1:]\n"
-  "                continue\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if args[0] == \"batch\":\n"
-  "                self.interactive = False\n"
-  "                args = args[1:]\n"
-  "                continue\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if args[0] in (\"separator\", \"nullvalue\", \"encoding\"):\n"
-  "                if len(args) < 2:\n"
-  "                    raise self.Error(\"You need to specify a value after -\" + args[0])\n"
-  "                getattr(self, \"command_\" + args[0])([args[1]])\n"
-  "                args = args[2:]\n"
-  "                continue\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if args[0] == \"version\":\n"
-  "                self.write(self.stdout, apsw.sqlitelibversion() + \"\\n\")\n"
-  "                sys.exit(0)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if args[0] == \"help\":\n"
-  "                self.write(self.stderr, self.usage())\n"
-  "                sys.exit(0)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if args[0] in (\"no-colour\", \"no-color\", \"nocolour\", \"nocolor\"):\n"
-  "                self.colour_scheme = \"off\"\n"
-  "                self._out_colour()\n"
-  "                args = args[1:]\n"
-  "                continue\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if getattr(self, \"output_\" + args[0], None):\n"
-  "                self.command_mode(args[:1])\n"
-  "                args = args[1:]\n"
-  "                continue\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            newargs = self.process_unknown_args(args)\n"
-  "            if newargs is None:\n"
-  "                raise self.Error(\"Unrecognized argument '\" + args[0] + \"'\")\n"
-  "            args = newargs\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        for f in inits:\n"
-  "            self.command_read([f])\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        for s in sqls:\n"
-  "            self.process_complete_line(s)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        return self.dbfilename, inits, sqls\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def process_unknown_args(self, args):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"This is called when :meth:`process_args` encounters an\n"
-  "        argument it doesn't understand.  Override this method if you\n"
-  "        want to be able to understand additional command line arguments.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        :param args: A list of the remaining arguments.  The initial one will\n"
-  "           have had the leading dashes removed (eg if it was --foo on the command\n"
-  "           line then args[0] will be \"foo\"\n"
-  "        :returns: None if you don't recognize the argument either.  Otherwise\n"
-  "           return the list of remaining arguments after you have processed\n"
-  "           yours.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        return None\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def usage(self):\n"
-  "        \"Returns the usage message.  Make sure it is newline terminated\"\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        msg = \"\"\"\n"
-  "Usage: program [OPTIONS] FILENAME [SQL|CMD] [SQL|CMD]...\n"
-  "FILENAME is the name of a SQLite database. A new database is\n"
-  "created if the file does not exist.\n"
-  "OPTIONS include:\n"
-  "   -init filename       read/process named file\n"
-  "   -echo                print commands before execution\n"
-  "   -[no]header          turn headers on or off\n"
-  "   -bail                stop after hitting an error\n"
-  "   -interactive         force interactive I/O\n"
-  "   -batch               force batch I/O\n"
-  "   -column              set output mode to 'column'\n"
-  "   -csv                 set output mode to 'csv'\n"
-  "   -html                set output mode to 'html'\n"
-  "   -line                set output mode to 'line'\n"
-  "   -list                set output mode to 'list'\n"
-  "   -python              set output mode to 'python'\n"
-  "   -separator 'x'       set output field separator (|)\n"
-  "   -nullvalue 'text'    set text string for NULL values\n"
-  "   -version             show SQLite version\n"
-  "   -encoding 'name'     the encoding to use for files\n"
-  "                        opened via .import, .read & .output\n"
-  "   -nocolour            disables colour output to screen\n"
-  "\"\"\"\n"
-  "        return msg.lstrip()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    _binary_type = bytes\n"
-  "    _basestring = str\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    _printable = [\n"
-  "        ord(x) for x in \"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789~!@#$%^&*()`_-+={}[]:;,.<>/?|\"\n"
-  "    ]\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _fmt_c_string(self, v):\n"
-  "        \"Format as a C string including surrounding double quotes\"\n"
-  "        if isinstance(v, self._basestring):\n"
-  "            op = ['\"']\n"
-  "            for c in v:\n"
-  "                if c == \"\\\\\":\n"
-  "                    op.append(\"\\\\\\\\\")\n"
-  "                elif c == \"\\r\":\n"
-  "                    op.append(\"\\\\r\")\n"
-  "                elif c == \"\\n\":\n"
-  "                    op.append(\"\\\\n\")\n"
-  "                elif c == \"\\t\":\n"
-  "                    op.append(\"\\\\t\")\n"
-  "                elif ord(c) not in self._printable:\n"
-  "                    op.append(\"\\\\\" + c)\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    op.append(c)\n"
-  "            op.append('\"')\n"
-  "            return \"\".join(op)\n"
-  "        elif v is None:\n"
-  "            return '\"' + self.nullvalue + '\"'\n"
-  "        elif isinstance(v, self._binary_type):\n"
-  "            o = lambda x: x\n"
-  "            fromc = chr\n"
-  "            res = ['\"']\n"
-  "            for c in v:\n"
-  "                if o(c) in self._printable:\n"
-  "                    res.append(fromc(c))\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    res.append(\"\\\\x%02X\" % (o(c), ))\n"
-  "            res.append('\"')\n"
-  "            return \"\".join(res)\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            return '\"%s\"' % (v, )\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _fmt_html_col(self, v):\n"
-  "        \"Format as HTML (mainly escaping &/</>\"\n"
-  "        return self._fmt_text_col(v).\\\n"
-  "           replace(\"&\", \"&amp;\"). \\\n"
-  "           replace(\">\", \"&gt;\"). \\\n"
-  "           replace(\"<\", \"&lt;\"). \\\n"
-  "           replace(\"'\", \"&apos;\"). \\\n"
-  "           replace('\"', \"&quot;\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _fmt_json_value(self, v):\n"
-  "        \"Format a value.\"\n"
-  "        if isinstance(v, self._basestring):\n"
-  "            op = ['\"']\n"
-  "            for c in v:\n"
-  "                if c == \"\\\\\":\n"
-  "                    op.append(\"\\\\\\\\\")\n"
-  "                elif c == \"\\r\":\n"
-  "                    op.append(\"\\\\r\")\n"
-  "                elif c == \"\\n\":\n"
-  "                    op.append(\"\\\\n\")\n"
-  "                elif c == \"\\t\":\n"
-  "                    op.append(\"\\\\t\")\n"
-  "                elif c == \"/\":  # yes you have to escape forward slash for some reason\n"
-  "                    op.append(\"\\\\/\")\n"
-  "                elif c == '\"':\n"
-  "                    op.append(\"\\\\\" + c)\n"
-  "                elif c == \"\\\\b\":\n"
-  "                    op.append(\"\\\\b\")\n"
-  "                elif c == \"\\\\f\":\n"
-  "                    op.append(\"\\\\f\")\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    op.append(c)\n"
-  "            op.append('\"')\n"
-  "            return \"\".join(op)\n"
-  "        elif v is None:\n"
-  "            return 'null'\n"
-  "        elif isinstance(v, self._binary_type):\n"
-  "            o = base64.encodebytes(v).decode(\"ascii\")\n"
-  "            if o[-1] == \"\\n\":\n"
-  "                o = o[:-1]\n"
-  "            return '\"' + o + '\"'\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            return '%s' % (v, )\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _fmt_python(self, v):\n"
-  "        \"Format as python literal\"\n"
-  "        if v is None:\n"
-  "            return \"None\"\n"
-  "        elif isinstance(v, self._basestring):\n"
-  "            return repr(v)\n"
-  "        elif isinstance(v, self._binary_type):\n"
-  "            res = ['b\"']\n"
-  "            for i in v:\n"
-  "                if i in self._printable:\n"
-  "                    res.append(chr(i))\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    res.append(\"\\\\x%02X\" % (i, ))\n"
-  "            res.append('\"')\n"
-  "            return \"\".join(res)\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            return \"%s\" % (v, )\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _fmt_sql_identifier(self, v):\n"
-  "        \"Return the identifier quoted in SQL syntax if needed (eg table and column names)\"\n"
-  "        if not len(v):  # yes sqlite does allow zero length identifiers\n"
-  "            return '\"\"'\n"
-  "        nonalnum = re.sub(\"[A-Za-z_0-9]+\", \"\", v)\n"
-  "        if len(nonalnum) == 0:\n"
-  "            if v.upper() not in self._sqlite_reserved:\n"
-  "                if v[0] not in \"0123456789\":\n"
-  "                    return v\n"
-  "        if '\"' in nonalnum:\n"
-  "            return \"[%s]\" % (v, )\n"
-  "        return '\"%s\"' % (v, )\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _fmt_text_col(self, v):\n"
-  "        \"Regular text formatting\"\n"
-  "        if v is None:\n"
-  "            return self.nullvalue\n"
-  "        elif isinstance(v, self._basestring):\n"
-  "            return v\n"
-  "        elif isinstance(v, self._binary_type):\n"
-  "            return \"<Binary data>\"\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            return \"%s\" % (v, )\n"
-  "\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def output_column(self, header, line):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        Items left aligned in space padded columns.  They are\n"
-  "        truncated if they do not fit. If the width hasn't been\n"
-  "        specified for a column then 10 is used unless the column name\n"
-  "        (header) is longer in which case that width is used.  Use the\n"
-  "        .width command to change column sizes.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if header:\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            def gw(n):\n"
-  "                if n < len(self.widths) and self.widths[n] != 0:\n"
-  "                    return self.widths[n]\n"
-  "                text = self._fmt_text_col(line[n])\n"
-  "                return max(len(text), 10)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            widths = [gw(i) for i in range(len(line))]\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if self.truncate:\n"
-  "                self._actualwidths = [\"%\" + (\"-%d.%ds\", \"%d.%ds\")[w < 0] % (abs(w), abs(w)) for w in widths]\n"
-  "            else:\n"
-  "                self._actualwidths = [\"%\" + (\"-%ds\", \"%ds\")[w < 0] % (abs(w), ) for w in widths]\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if self.header:\n"
-  "                c = self.colour\n"
-  "                cols = [\n"
-  "                    c.header + (self._actualwidths[i] % (self._fmt_text_col(line[i]), )) + c.header_\n"
-  "                    for i in range(len(line))\n"
-  "                ]\n"
-  "                self.write(self.stdout, \"  \".join(cols) + \"\\n\")\n"
-  "                if c is self._colours[\"off\"]:\n"
-  "                    self.output_column(False, [\"-\" * abs(widths[i]) for i in range(len(widths))])\n"
-  "            return\n"
-  "        cols = [\n"
-  "            self.colour.colour_value(line[i], self._actualwidths[i] % (self._fmt_text_col(line[i]), ))\n"
-  "            for i in range(len(line))\n"
-  "        ]\n"
-  "        self.write(self.stdout, \"  \".join(cols) + \"\\n\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    output_columns = output_column\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def output_csv(self, header, line):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        Items in csv format (comma separated).  Use tabs mode for tab\n"
-  "        separated.  You can use the .separator command to use a\n"
-  "        different one after switching mode.  A separator of comma uses\n"
-  "        double quotes for quoting while other separators do not do any\n"
-  "        quoting.  The Python csv library used for this only supports\n"
-  "        single character separators.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        fixdata = lambda x: x\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        if header:\n"
-  "            import io\n"
-  "            s = io.StringIO()\n"
-  "            kwargs = {}\n"
-  "            if self.separator == \",\":\n"
-  "                kwargs[\"dialect\"] = \"excel\"\n"
-  "            elif self.separator == \"\\t\":\n"
-  "                kwargs[\"dialect\"] = \"excel-tab\"\n"
-  "            else:\n"
-  "                kwargs[\"quoting\"] = csv.QUOTE_NONE\n"
-  "                kwargs[\"delimiter\"] = fixdata(self.separator)\n"
-  "                kwargs[\"doublequote\"] = False\n"
-  "                kwargs[\"quotechar\"] = \"\\x00\"\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            writer = csv.writer(s, **kwargs)\n"
-  "            self._csv = (s, writer)\n"
-  "            if self.header:\n"
-  "                self.output_csv(None, line)\n"
-  "            return\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        if header is None:\n"
-  "            c = self.colour\n"
-  "            line = [c.header + fixdata(self._fmt_text_col(l)) + c.header_ for l in line]\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, fixdata(self._fmt_text_col(x)))\n"
-  "            line = [fmt(l) for l in line]\n"
-  "        self._csv[1].writerow(line)\n"
-  "        t = self._csv[0].getvalue()\n"
-  "        assert (t.endswith(\"\\r\\n\"))\n"
-  "        t = t[:-2]\n"
-  "        assert (not t.endswith(\"\\r\") and not t.endswith(\"\\n\"))\n"
-  "        self.write(self.stdout, t + \"\\n\")\n"
-  "        self._csv[0].truncate(0)\n"
-  "        self._csv[0].seek(0)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def output_html(self, header, line):\n"
-  "        \"HTML table style\"\n"
-  "        if header:\n"
-  "            if not self.header:\n"
-  "                return\n"
-  "            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.header + self._fmt_html_col(x) + self.colour.header_\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_html_col(x))\n"
-  "        line = [fmt(l) for l in line]\n"
-  "        out = [\"<TR>\"]\n"
-  "        for l in line:\n"
-  "            out.append((\"<TD>\", \"<TH>\")[header])\n"
-  "            out.append(l)\n"
-  "            out.append((\"</TD>\\n\", \"</TH>\\n\")[header])\n"
-  "        out.append(\"</TR>\\n\")\n"
-  "        self.write(self.stdout, \"\".join(out))\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def output_insert(self, header, line):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        Lines as SQL insert statements.  The table name is \"table\"\n"
-  "        unless you specified a different one as the second parameter\n"
-  "        to the .mode command.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if header:\n"
-  "            return\n"
-  "        fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, apsw.format_sql_value(x))\n"
-  "        out = \"INSERT INTO \" + self._output_table + \" VALUES(\" + \",\".join([fmt(l) for l in line]) + \");\\n\"\n"
-  "        self.write(self.stdout, out)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def output_json(self, header, line):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        Each line as a JSON object with a trailing comma.  Blobs are\n"
-  "        output as base64 encoded strings.  You should be using UTF8\n"
-  "        output encoding.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if header:\n"
-  "            self._output_json_cols = line\n"
-  "            return\n"
-  "        fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_json_value(x))\n"
-  "        out = [\"%s: %s\" % (self._fmt_json_value(k), fmt(line[i])) for i, k in enumerate(self._output_json_cols)]\n"
-  "        self.write(self.stdout, \"{ \" + \", \".join(out) + \"},\\n\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def output_line(self, header, line):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        One value per line in the form 'column = value' with a blank\n"
-  "        line between rows.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if header:\n"
-  "            w = 5\n"
-  "            for l in line:\n"
-  "                if len(l) > w:\n"
-  "                    w = len(l)\n"
-  "            self._line_info = (w, line)\n"
-  "            return\n"
-  "        fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_text_col(x))\n"
-  "        w = self._line_info[0]\n"
-  "        for i in range(len(line)):\n"
-  "            self.write(self.stdout, \"%*s = %s\\n\" % (w, self._line_info[1][i], fmt(line[i])))\n"
-  "        self.write(self.stdout, \"\\n\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    output_lines = output_line\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def output_list(self, header, line):\n"
-  "        \"All items on one line with separator\"\n"
-  "        if header:\n"
-  "            if not self.header:\n"
-  "                return\n"
-  "            c = self.colour\n"
-  "            fmt = lambda x: c.header + x + c.header_\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_text_col(x))\n"
-  "        self.write(self.stdout, self.separator.join([fmt(x) for x in line]) + \"\\n\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def output_python(self, header, line):\n"
-  "        \"Tuples in Python source form for each row\"\n"
-  "        if header:\n"
-  "            if not self.header:\n"
-  "                return\n"
-  "            c = self.colour\n"
-  "            fmt = lambda x: c.header + self._fmt_python(x) + c.header_\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_python(x))\n"
-  "        self.write(self.stdout, '(' + \", \".join([fmt(l) for l in line]) + \"),\\n\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def output_tcl(self, header, line):\n"
-  "        \"Outputs TCL/C style strings using current separator\"\n"
-  "        if header:\n"
-  "            if not self.header:\n"
-  "                return\n"
-  "            c = self.colour\n"
-  "            fmt = lambda x: c.header + self._fmt_c_string(x) + c.header_\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_c_string(x))\n"
-  "        self.write(self.stdout, self.separator.join([fmt(l) for l in line]) + \"\\n\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _output_summary(self, summary):\n"
-  "        self.write(self.stdout, self.colour.summary + summary + self.colour.summary_)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def cmdloop(self, intro=None):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Runs the main interactive command loop.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        :param intro: Initial text banner to display instead of the\n"
-  "           default.  Make sure you newline terminate it.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if intro is None:\n"
-  "            intro = \"\"\"\n"
-  "SQLite version %s (APSW %s)\n"
-  "Enter \".help\" for instructions\n"
-  "Enter SQL statements terminated with a \";\"\n"
-  "\"\"\" % (apsw.sqlitelibversion(), apsw.apswversion())\n"
-  "            intro = intro.lstrip()\n"
-  "        if self.interactive and intro:\n"
-  "            c = self.colour\n"
-  "            self.write(self.stdout, c.intro + intro + c.intro_)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        using_readline = False\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            if self.interactive and self.stdin is sys.stdin:\n"
-  "                import readline\n"
-  "                old_completer = readline.get_completer()\n"
-  "                readline.set_completer(self.complete)\n"
-  "                readline.parse_and_bind(\"tab: complete\")\n"
-  "                using_readline = True\n"
-  "                try:\n"
-  "                    readline.read_history_file(os.path.expanduser(self.history_file))\n"
-  "                except:\n"
-  "                    pass\n"
-  "        except ImportError:\n"
-  "            pass\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            while True:\n"
-  "                self._input_descriptions = []\n"
-  "                if using_readline:\n"
-  "                    self._completion_cache = None\n"
-  "                    self._using_readline = True\n"
-  "                try:\n"
-  "                    command = self.getcompleteline()\n"
-  "                    if command is None:  # EOF\n"
-  "                        return\n"
-  "                    self.process_complete_line(command)\n"
-  "                except:\n"
-  "                    self._append_input_description()\n"
-  "                    try:\n"
-  "                        self.handle_exception()\n"
-  "                    except UnicodeDecodeError:\n"
-  "                        self.handle_exception()\n"
-  "        finally:\n"
-  "            if using_readline:\n"
-  "                readline.set_completer(old_completer)\n"
-  "                readline.set_history_length(256)\n"
-  "                readline.write_history_file(os.path.expanduser(self.history_file))\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def handle_exception(self):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Handles the current exception, printing a message to stderr as appropriate.\n"
-  "        It will reraise the exception if necessary (eg if bail is true)\"\"\"\n"
-  "        eclass, eval, etb = sys.exc_info()  # py2&3 compatible way of doing this\n"
-  "        if isinstance(eval, SystemExit):\n"
-  "            eval._handle_exception_saw_this = True\n"
-  "            raise\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        self._out_colour()\n"
-  "        self.write(self.stderr, self.colour.error)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        if isinstance(eval, KeyboardInterrupt):\n"
-  "            self.handle_interrupt()\n"
-  "            text = \"Interrupted\"\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            text = str(eval)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        if not text.endswith(\"\\n\"):\n"
-  "            text = text + \"\\n\"\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        if len(self._input_descriptions):\n"
-  "            for i in range(len(self._input_descriptions)):\n"
-  "                if i == 0:\n"
-  "                    pref = \"At \"\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    pref = \" \" * i + \"From \"\n"
-  "                self.write(self.stderr, pref + self._input_descriptions[i] + \"\\n\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        self.write(self.stderr, text)\n"
-  "        if self.exceptions:\n"
-  "            stack = []\n"
-  "            while etb:\n"
-  "                stack.append(etb.tb_frame)\n"
-  "                etb = etb.tb_next\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            for frame in stack:\n"
-  "                self.write(\n"
-  "                    self.stderr,\n"
-  "                    \"\\nFrame %s in %s at line %d\\n\" % (frame.f_code.co_name, frame.f_code.co_filename, frame.f_lineno))\n"
-  "                vars = list(frame.f_locals.items())\n"
-  "                vars.sort()\n"
-  "                for k, v in vars:\n"
-  "                    try:\n"
-  "                        v = repr(v)[:80]\n"
-  "                    except:\n"
-  "                        v = \"<Unable to convert to string>\"\n"
-  "                    self.write(self.stderr, \"%10s = %s\\n\" % (k, v))\n"
-  "            self.write(self.stderr, \"\\n%s: %s\\n\" % (eclass, repr(eval)))\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        self.write(self.stderr, self.colour.error_)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        eval._handle_exception_saw_this = True\n"
-  "        if self.bail:\n"
-  "            raise\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def process_sql(self, sql, bindings=None, internal=False, summary=None):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Processes SQL text consisting of one or more statements\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        :param sql: SQL to execute\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        :param bindings: bindings for the *sql*\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        :param internal: If True then this is an internal execution\n"
-  "          (eg the .tables or .database command).  When executing\n"
-  "          internal sql timings are not shown nor is the SQL echoed.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        :param summary: If not None then should be a tuple of two\n"
-  "          items.  If the ``sql`` returns any data then the first item\n"
-  "          is printed before the first row, and the second item is\n"
-  "          printed after the last row.  An example usage is the .find\n"
-  "          command which shows table names.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        cur = self.db.cursor()\n"
-  "        state = {'newsql': True, 'timing': None}\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        def et(cur, sql, bindings):\n"
-  "            state['newsql'] = True\n"
-  "            if not internal and self.timer:\n"
-  "                if state['timing']:\n"
-  "                    self.display_timing(state['timing'], self.get_resource_usage())\n"
-  "            if not internal and self.echo:\n"
-  "                if bindings:\n"
-  "                    self.write(self.stderr, \"%s [%s]\\n\" % (sql, bindings))\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    self.write(self.stderr, sql + \"\\n\")\n"
-  "            if not internal and self.timer:\n"
-  "                state['timing'] = self.get_resource_usage()\n"
-  "            return True\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        cur.setexectrace(et)\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            for row in cur.execute(sql, bindings):\n"
-  "                if state['newsql']:\n"
-  "                    if summary:\n"
-  "                        self._output_summary(summary[0])\n"
-  "                    cols = [h for h, d in cur.getdescription()]\n"
-  "                    self.output(True, cols)\n"
-  "                    state['newsql'] = False\n"
-  "                self.output(False, row)\n"
-  "            if not state['newsql'] and summary:\n"
-  "                self._output_summary(summary[1])\n"
-  "        except:\n"
-  "            if not internal and self.echo:\n"
-  "                tb = sys.exc_info()[2]\n"
-  "                last = None\n"
-  "                while tb:\n"
-  "                    last = tb.tb_frame\n"
-  "                    tb = tb.tb_next\n"
-  "            raise\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        if not internal and self.timer:\n"
-  "            self.display_timing(state['timing'], self.get_resource_usage())\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def process_command(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Processes a dot command.  It is split into parts using the\n"
-  "        `shlex.split\n"
-  "        <http://docs.python.org/library/shlex.html#shlex.split>`__\n"
-  "        function which is roughly the same method used by Unix/POSIX\n"
-  "        shells.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if self.echo:\n"
-  "            self.write(self.stderr, cmd + \"\\n\")\n"
-  "        cmd = shlex.split(cmd)\n"
-  "        assert cmd[0][0] == \".\"\n"
-  "        cmd[0] = cmd[0][1:]\n"
-  "        fn = getattr(self, \"command_\" + cmd[0], None)\n"
-  "        if not fn:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"Unknown command \\\"%s\\\".  Enter \\\".help\\\" for help\" % (cmd[0], ))\n"
-  "        res = fn(cmd[1:])\n"
-  "\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _boolean_command(self, name, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"Parse and verify boolean parameter\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) != 1 or cmd[0].lower() not in (\"on\", \"off\"):\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(name + \" expected ON or OFF\")\n"
-  "        return cmd[0].lower() == \"on\"\n"
-  "\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_backup(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"backup ?DB? FILE: Backup DB (default \"main\") to FILE\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        Copies the contents of the current database to FILE\n"
-  "        overwriting whatever was in FILE.  If you have attached databases\n"
-  "        then you can specify their name instead of the default of \"main\".\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        The backup is done at the page level - SQLite copies the pages\n"
-  "        as is.  There is no round trip through SQL code.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        dbname = \"main\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) == 1:\n"
-  "            fname = cmd[0]\n"
-  "        elif len(cmd) == 2:\n"
-  "            dbname = cmd[0]\n"
-  "            fname = cmd[1]\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"Backup takes one or two parameters\")\n"
-  "        out = apsw.Connection(fname)\n"
-  "        b = out.backup(\"main\", self.db, dbname)\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            while not b.done:\n"
-  "                b.step()\n"
-  "        finally:\n"
-  "            b.finish()\n"
-  "            out.close()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_bail(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"bail ON|OFF: Stop after hitting an error (default OFF)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        If an error is encountered while processing commands or SQL\n"
-  "        then exit.  (Note this is different than SQLite shell which\n"
-  "        only exits for errors in SQL.)\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        self.bail = self._boolean_command(\"bail\", cmd)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_colour(self, cmd=[]):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"colour SCHEME: Selects a colour scheme\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        Residents of both countries that have not adopted the metric\n"
-  "        system may also spell this command without a 'u'.  If using a\n"
-  "        colour terminal in interactive mode then output is\n"
-  "        automatically coloured to make it more readable.  Use 'off' to\n"
-  "        turn off colour, and no name or 'default' for the default.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) > 1:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"Too many colour schemes\")\n"
-  "        c = cmd and cmd[0] or \"default\"\n"
-  "        if c not in self._colours:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"No such colour scheme: \" + c)\n"
-  "        self.colour_scheme = c\n"
-  "        self._out_colour()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    command_color = command_colour\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_databases(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"databases: Lists names and files of attached databases\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd):\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"databases command doesn't take any parameters\")\n"
-  "        self.push_output()\n"
-  "        self.header = True\n"
-  "        self.output = self.output_column\n"
-  "        self.truncate = False\n"
-  "        self.widths = [3, 15, 58]\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            self.process_sql(\"pragma database_list\", internal=True)\n"
-  "        finally:\n"
-  "            self.pop_output()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_dump(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"dump ?TABLE? [TABLE...]: Dumps all or specified tables in SQL text format\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        The table name is treated as like pattern so you can use % as\n"
-  "        a wildcard.  You can use dump to make a text based backup of\n"
-  "        the database.  It is also useful for comparing differences or\n"
-  "        making the data available to other databases.  Indices and\n"
-  "        triggers for the table(s) are also dumped.  Finally views\n"
-  "        matching the table pattern name are dumped (it isn't possible\n"
-  "        to work out which views access which table and views can\n"
-  "        access multiple tables anyway).\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        Note that if you are dumping virtual tables such as used by\n"
-  "        the FTS3 module then they may use other tables to store\n"
-  "        information.  For example if you create a FTS3 table named\n"
-  "        *recipes* then it also creates *recipes_content*,\n"
-  "        *recipes_segdir* etc.  Consequently to dump this example\n"
-  "        correctly use::\n"
-  "\n"
-  "           .dump recipes recipes_%\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        If the database is empty or no tables/views match then there\n"
-  "        is no output.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        self.process_sql(\"BEGIN IMMEDIATE\", internal=True)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        outputstrtype = str\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        outputstrencoding = getattr(self.stdout, \"encoding\", \"ascii\")\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            codecs.lookup(outputstrencoding)\n"
-  "        except:\n"
-  "            outputstrencoding = \"ascii\"\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        def unicodify(s):\n"
-  "            if not isinstance(s, outputstrtype):\n"
-  "                return s.decode(outputstrencoding, \"replace\")\n"
-  "            return s\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            v = {\"virtuals\": False, \"foreigns\": False}\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            def check(name, sql):\n"
-  "                if name.lower().startswith(\"sqlite_\"):\n"
-  "                    return False\n"
-  "                sql = sql.lower()\n"
-  "                if re.match(r\"^\\s*create\\s+virtual\\s+.*\", sql):\n"
-  "                    v[\"virtuals\"] = True\n"
-  "                if re.match(r\".*\\b(foreign\\s*key|references)\\b.*\", sql):\n"
-  "                    v[\"foreigns\"] = True\n"
-  "                return True\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if len(cmd) == 0:\n"
-  "                cmd = [\"%\"]\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            tables = []\n"
-  "            for pattern in cmd:\n"
-  "                for name, sql in self.db.cursor().execute(\n"
-  "                        \"SELECT name,sql FROM sqlite_master \"\n"
-  "                        \"WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type IN ('table','view') \"\n"
-  "                        \"AND tbl_name LIKE ?1\", (pattern, )):\n"
-  "                    if check(name, sql) and name not in tables:\n"
-  "                        tables.append(name)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if not tables:\n"
-  "                return\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            analyze_needed = []\n"
-  "            for stat in self.db.cursor().execute(\n"
-  "                    \"select name from sqlite_master where sql not null and type='table' and tbl_name like 'sqlite_stat%'\"\n"
-  "            ):\n"
-  "                for name in tables:\n"
-  "                    if len(self.db.cursor().execute(\n"
-  "                            \"select * from \" + self._fmt_sql_identifier(stat[0]) + \" WHERE tbl=?\",\n"
-  "                        (name, )).fetchall()):\n"
-  "                        if name not in analyze_needed:\n"
-  "                            analyze_needed.append(name)\n"
-  "            analyze_needed.sort()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            def blank():\n"
-  "                self.write(self.stdout, \"\\n\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            def comment(s):\n"
-  "                s = unicodify(s)\n"
-  "                self.write(self.stdout, textwrap.fill(s, 78, initial_indent=\"-- \", subsequent_indent=\"-- \") + \"\\n\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            pats = \", \".join([(x, \"(All)\")[x == \"%\"] for x in cmd])\n"
-  "            comment(\"SQLite dump (by APSW %s)\" % (apsw.apswversion(), ))\n"
-  "            comment(\"SQLite version \" + apsw.sqlitelibversion())\n"
-  "            comment(\"Date: \" + unicodify(time.strftime(\"%c\")))\n"
-  "            comment(\"Tables like: \" + pats)\n"
-  "            comment(\"Database: \" + self.db.filename)\n"
-  "            try:\n"
-  "                import getpass\n"
-  "                import socket\n"
-  "                comment(\"User: %s @ %s\" % (unicodify(getpass.getuser()), unicodify(socket.gethostname())))\n"
-  "            except ImportError:\n"
-  "                pass\n"
-  "            blank()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            comment(\"The values of various per-database settings\")\n"
-  "            self.write(self.stdout,\n"
-  "                       \"PRAGMA page_size=\" + str(self.db.cursor().execute(\"pragma page_size\").fetchall()[0][0]) + \";\\n\")\n"
-  "            comment(\"PRAGMA encoding='\" + self.db.cursor().execute(\"pragma encoding\").fetchall()[0][0] + \"';\\n\")\n"
-  "            vac = {0: \"NONE\", 1: \"FULL\", 2: \"INCREMENTAL\"}\n"
-  "            vacvalue = self.db.cursor().execute(\"pragma auto_vacuum\").fetchall()[0][0]\n"
-  "            comment(\"PRAGMA auto_vacuum=\" + vac.get(vacvalue, str(vacvalue)) + \";\\n\")\n"
-  "            comment(\"PRAGMA max_page_count=\" + str(self.db.cursor().execute(\"pragma max_page_count\").fetchall()[0][0]) +\n"
-  "                    \";\\n\")\n"
-  "            blank()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            dectables = [(x.lower(), x) for x in tables]\n"
-  "            dectables.sort()\n"
-  "            tables = [y for x, y in dectables]\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            virtuals = v[\"virtuals\"]\n"
-  "            foreigns = v[\"foreigns\"]\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if virtuals:\n"
-  "                comment(\"This pragma is needed to restore virtual tables\")\n"
-  "                self.write(self.stdout, \"PRAGMA writable_schema=ON;\\n\")\n"
-  "            if foreigns:\n"
-  "                comment(\"This pragma turns off checking of foreign keys \"\n"
-  "                        \"as tables would be inconsistent while restoring.  It was introduced \"\n"
-  "                        \"in SQLite 3.6.19.\")\n"
-  "                self.write(self.stdout, \"PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;\\n\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if virtuals or foreigns:\n"
-  "                blank()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            self.write(self.stdout, \"BEGIN TRANSACTION;\\n\")\n"
-  "            blank()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            def sqldef(s):\n"
-  "                if \"--\" in s.split(\"\\n\")[-1]:\n"
-  "                    nl = \"\\n\"\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    nl = \"\"\n"
-  "                return s + nl + \";\\n\"\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            oldtable = self._output_table\n"
-  "            try:\n"
-  "                self.push_output()\n"
-  "                self.output = self.output_insert\n"
-  "                for table in tables:\n"
-  "                    for sql in self.db.cursor().execute(\"SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE name=?1 AND type='table'\",\n"
-  "                                                        (table, )):\n"
-  "                        comment(\"Table  \" + table)\n"
-  "                        if sql[0].lower().split()[:3] == [\"create\", \"virtual\", \"table\"]:\n"
-  "                            self.write(\n"
-  "                                self.stdout, \"DELETE FROM sqlite_master WHERE name=\" + apsw.format_sql_value(table) +\n"
-  "                                \" AND type='table';\\n\")\n"
-  "                            self.write(\n"
-  "                                self.stdout,\n"
-  "                                \"INSERT INTO sqlite_master(type,name,tbl_name,rootpage,sql) VALUES('table',%s,%s,0,%s);\\n\"\n"
-  "                                % (apsw.format_sql_value(table), apsw.format_sql_value(table),\n"
-  "                                   apsw.format_sql_value(sql[0])))\n"
-  "                        else:\n"
-  "                            self.write(self.stdout, \"DROP TABLE IF EXISTS \" + self._fmt_sql_identifier(table) + \";\\n\")\n"
-  "                            self.write(self.stdout, sqldef(sql[0]))\n"
-  "                            self._output_table = self._fmt_sql_identifier(table)\n"
-  "                            self.process_sql(\"select * from \" + self._fmt_sql_identifier(table), internal=True)\n"
-  "                        first = True\n"
-  "                        for name, sql in self.db.cursor().execute(\n"
-  "                                \"SELECT name,sql FROM sqlite_master \"\n"
-  "                                \"WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type IN ('index', 'trigger') \"\n"
-  "                                \"AND tbl_name=?1 AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' \"\n"
-  "                                \"ORDER BY lower(name)\", (table, )):\n"
-  "                            if first:\n"
-  "                                comment(\"Triggers and indices on  \" + table)\n"
-  "                                first = False\n"
-  "                            self.write(self.stdout, sqldef(sql))\n"
-  "                        blank()\n"
-  "                first = True\n"
-  "                for name, sql in self.db.cursor().execute(\"SELECT name,sql FROM sqlite_master \"\n"
-  "                                                          \"WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type='view' \"\n"
-  "                                                          \"AND name IN ( \" +\n"
-  "                                                          \",\".join([apsw.format_sql_value(i)\n"
-  "                                                                    for i in tables]) + \") ORDER BY _ROWID_\"):\n"
-  "                    if first:\n"
-  "                        comment(\"Views\")\n"
-  "                        first = False\n"
-  "                    self.write(self.stdout, \"DROP VIEW IF EXISTS %s;\\n\" % (self._fmt_sql_identifier(name), ))\n"
-  "                    self.write(self.stdout, sqldef(sql))\n"
-  "                if not first:\n"
-  "                    blank()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "                if len(self.db.cursor().execute(\"select * from sqlite_master where name='sqlite_sequence'\").fetchall()):\n"
-  "                    first = True\n"
-  "                    for t in tables:\n"
-  "                        v = self.db.cursor().execute(\"select seq from main.sqlite_sequence where name=?1\",\n"
-  "                                                     (t, )).fetchall()\n"
-  "                        if len(v):\n"
-  "                            assert len(v) == 1\n"
-  "                            if first:\n"
-  "                                comment(\"For primary key autoincrements the next id \"\n"
-  "                                        \"to use is stored in sqlite_sequence\")\n"
-  "                                first = False\n"
-  "                            self.write(\n"
-  "                                self.stdout,\n"
-  "                                'DELETE FROM main.sqlite_sequence WHERE name=%s;\\n' % (apsw.format_sql_value(t), ))\n"
-  "                            self.write(\n"
-  "                                self.stdout, 'INSERT INTO main.sqlite_sequence VALUES (%s, %s);\\n' %\n"
-  "                                (apsw.format_sql_value(t), v[0][0]))\n"
-  "                    if not first:\n"
-  "                        blank()\n"
-  "            finally:\n"
-  "                self.pop_output()\n"
-  "                self._output_table = oldtable\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if analyze_needed:\n"
-  "                comment(\"You had used the analyze command on these tables before.  Rerun for this new data.\")\n"
-  "                for n in analyze_needed:\n"
-  "                    self.write(self.stdout, \"ANALYZE \" + self._fmt_sql_identifier(n) + \";\\n\")\n"
-  "                blank()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            uv = self.db.cursor().execute(\"pragma user_version\").fetchall()[0][0]\n"
-  "            if uv:\n"
-  "                comment(\n"
-  "                    \"Your database may need this.  It is sometimes used to keep track of the schema version (eg Firefox does this).\"\n"
-  "                )\n"
-  "                self.write(self.stdout, \"pragma user_version=%d;\" % (uv, ))\n"
-  "                blank()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            self.write(self.stdout, \"COMMIT TRANSACTION;\\n\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if foreigns:\n"
-  "                blank()\n"
-  "                comment(\"Restoring foreign key checking back on.  Note that SQLite 3.6.19 is off by default\")\n"
-  "                self.write(self.stdout, \"PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;\\n\")\n"
-  "            if virtuals:\n"
-  "                blank()\n"
-  "                comment(\"Restoring writable schema back to default\")\n"
-  "                self.write(self.stdout, \"PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF;\\n\")\n"
-  "                blank()\n"
-  "                comment(\"We need to force SQLite to reread the schema because otherwise it doesn't know that \"\n"
-  "                        \"the virtual tables we inserted directly into sqlite_master exist.  See \"\n"
-  "                        \"last comments of https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3425\")\n"
-  "                self.write(self.stdout, \"BEGIN;\\nCREATE TABLE no_such_table(x,y,z);\\nROLLBACK;\\n\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        finally:\n"
-  "            self.process_sql(\"END\", internal=True)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_echo(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"echo ON|OFF: If ON then each SQL statement or command is printed before execution (default OFF)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        The SQL statement or command is sent to error output so that\n"
-  "        it is not intermingled with regular output.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        self.echo = self._boolean_command(\"echo\", cmd)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def set_encoding(self, enc):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Saves *enc* as the default encoding, after verifying that\n"
-  "        it is valid.  You can also include :error to specify error\n"
-  "        handling - eg 'cp437:replace'\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        Raises an exception on invalid encoding or error\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        enc = enc.split(\":\", 1)\n"
-  "        if len(enc) > 1:\n"
-  "            enc, errors = enc\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            enc = enc[0]\n"
-  "            errors = None\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            codecs.lookup(enc)\n"
-  "        except LookupError:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"No known encoding '%s'\" % (enc, ))\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            if errors is not None:\n"
-  "                codecs.lookup_error(errors)\n"
-  "        except LookupError:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"No known codec error handler '%s'\" % (errors, ))\n"
-  "        self.encoding = enc, errors\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_encoding(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"encoding ENCODING: Set the encoding used for new files opened via .output and imports\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        SQLite and APSW work internally using Unicode and characters.\n"
-  "        Files however are a sequence of bytes.  An encoding describes\n"
-  "        how to convert between bytes and characters.  The default\n"
-  "        encoding is utf8 and that is generally the best value to use\n"
-  "        when other programs give you a choice.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        You can also specify an error handler.  For example\n"
-  "        'cp437:replace' will use code page 437 and any Unicode\n"
-  "        codepoints not present in cp437 will be replaced (typically\n"
-  "        with something like a question mark).  Other error handlers\n"
-  "        include 'ignore', 'strict' (default) and 'xmlcharrefreplace'.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        For the default input/output/error streams on startup the\n"
-  "        shell defers to Python's detection of encoding.  For example\n"
-  "        on Windows it asks what code page is in use and on Unix it\n"
-  "        looks at the LC_CTYPE environment variable.  You can set the\n"
-  "        PYTHONIOENCODING environment variable to override this\n"
-  "        detection.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        This command affects files opened after setting the encoding\n"
-  "        as well as imports.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        See the online APSW documentation for more details.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) != 1:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"Encoding takes one argument\")\n"
-  "        self.set_encoding(cmd[0])\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_exceptions(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"exceptions ON|OFF: If ON then detailed tracebacks are shown on exceptions (default OFF)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        Normally when an exception occurs the error string only is\n"
-  "        displayed.  However it is sometimes useful to get a full\n"
-  "        traceback.  An example would be when you are developing\n"
-  "        virtual tables and using the shell to exercise them.  In\n"
-  "        addition to displaying each stack frame, the local variables\n"
-  "        within each frame are also displayed.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        self.exceptions = self._boolean_command(\"exceptions\", cmd)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_exit(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"exit:Exit this program\"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd):\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"Exit doesn't take any parameters\")\n"
-  "        sys.exit(0)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_quit(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"quit:Exit this program\"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd):\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"Quit doesn't take any parameters\")\n"
-  "        sys.exit(0)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_explain(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"explain ON|OFF: Set output mode suitable for explain (default OFF)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        Explain shows the underlying SQLite virtual machine code for a\n"
-  "        statement.  You need to prefix the SQL with explain.  For example:\n"
-  "\n"
-  "           explain select * from table;\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        This output mode formats the explain output nicely.  If you do\n"
-  "        '.explain OFF' then the output mode and settings in place when\n"
-  "        you did '.explain ON' are restored.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) == 0 or self._boolean_command(\"explain\", cmd):\n"
-  "            self.push_output()\n"
-  "            self.header = True\n"
-  "            self.widths = [4, 13, 4, 4, 4, 13, 2, 13]\n"
-  "            self.truncate = False\n"
-  "            self.output = self.output_column\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            self.pop_output()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_find(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"find what ?TABLE?: Searches all columns of all tables for a value\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        The find command helps you locate data across your database\n"
-  "        for example to find a string or any references to an id.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        You can specify a like pattern to limit the search to a subset\n"
-  "        of tables (eg specifying 'CUSTOMER%' for all tables beginning\n"
-  "        with CUSTOMER).\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        The what value will be treated as a string and/or integer if\n"
-  "        possible.  If what contains % or _ then it is also treated as\n"
-  "        a like pattern.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        This command will take a long time to execute needing to read\n"
-  "        all of the relevant tables.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) < 1 or len(cmd) > 2:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"At least one argument required and at most two accepted\")\n"
-  "        tablefilter = \"%\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) == 2:\n"
-  "            tablefilter = cmd[1]\n"
-  "        querytemplate = []\n"
-  "        queryparams = []\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        def qp():  # binding for current queryparams\n"
-  "            return \"?\" + str(len(queryparams))\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        s = cmd[0]\n"
-  "        if '%' in s or '_' in s:\n"
-  "            queryparams.append(s)\n"
-  "            querytemplate.append(\"%s LIKE \" + qp())\n"
-  "        queryparams.append(s)\n"
-  "        querytemplate.append(\"%s = \" + qp())\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            i = int(s)\n"
-  "            queryparams.append(i)\n"
-  "            querytemplate.append(\"%s = \" + qp())\n"
-  "        except ValueError:\n"
-  "            pass\n"
-  "        querytemplate = \" OR \".join(querytemplate)\n"
-  "        for (table, ) in self.db.cursor().execute(\"SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name LIKE ?1\",\n"
-  "                                                  (tablefilter, )):\n"
-  "            t = self._fmt_sql_identifier(table)\n"
-  "            query = \"SELECT * from %s WHERE \" % (t, )\n"
-  "            colq = []\n"
-  "            for _, column, _, _, _, _ in self.db.cursor().execute(\"pragma table_info(%s)\" % (t, )):\n"
-  "                colq.append(querytemplate % ((self._fmt_sql_identifier(column), ) * len(queryparams)))\n"
-  "            query = query + \" OR \".join(colq)\n"
-  "            self.process_sql(query, queryparams, internal=True, summary=(\"Table \" + table + \"\\n\", \"\\n\"))\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_header(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"header(s) ON|OFF: Display the column names in output (default OFF)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        self.header = self._boolean_command(\"header\", cmd)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    command_headers = command_header\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    _help_info = None\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_help(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"help ?COMMAND?: Shows list of commands and their usage.  If COMMAND is specified then shows detail about that COMMAND.  ('.help all' will show detailed help about all commands.)\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if not self._help_info:\n"
-  "            self._help_info = {}\n"
-  "            for c in dir(self):\n"
-  "                if not c.startswith(\"command_\"):\n"
-  "                    continue\n"
-  "                d = getattr(self, c).__doc__\n"
-  "                assert d, c + \" command must have documentation\"\n"
-  "                c = c[len(\"command_\"):]\n"
-  "                if c in (\"headers\", \"color\"): continue\n"
-  "                while d[0] == \"\\n\":\n"
-  "                    d = d[1:]\n"
-  "                parts = d.split(\"\\n\", 1)\n"
-  "                firstline = parts[0].strip().split(\":\", 1)\n"
-  "                assert len(firstline) == 2, c + \" command must have usage: description doc\"\n"
-  "                if len(parts) == 1 or len(parts[1].strip()) == 0:  # work around textwrap bug\n"
-  "                    multi = \"\"\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    multi = textwrap.dedent(parts[1])\n"
-  "                if c == \"mode\":\n"
-  "                    if not self._output_modes:\n"
-  "                        self._cache_output_modes()\n"
-  "                    firstline[1] = firstline[1] + \" \" + \" \".join(self._output_modes)\n"
-  "                    multi = multi + \"\\n\\n\" + \"\\n\\n\".join(self._output_modes_detail)\n"
-  "                if c == \"colour\":\n"
-  "                    colours = list(self._colours.keys())\n"
-  "                    colours.sort()\n"
-  "                    firstline[1] = firstline[1] + \" from \" + \", \".join(colours)\n"
-  "                if len(multi.strip()) == 0:  # All whitespace\n"
-  "                    multi = None\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    multi = multi.strip(\"\\n\")\n"
-  "                    multi = multi.replace(\"\\n\\n\", \"\\x00\")\n"
-  "                    multi = multi.replace(\"\\n\", \" \")\n"
-  "                    multi = multi.replace(\"\\x00\", \"\\n\\n\")\n"
-  "                    multi = multi.split(\"\\n\\n\")\n"
-  "                self._help_info[c] = ('.' + firstline[0].strip(), firstline[1].strip(), multi)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        self.write(self.stderr, \"\\n\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        tw = self._terminal_width()\n"
-  "        if tw < 32:\n"
-  "            tw = 32\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) == 0:\n"
-  "            commands = list(self._help_info.keys())\n"
-  "            commands.sort()\n"
-  "            w = 0\n"
-  "            for command in commands:\n"
-  "                if len(self._help_info[command][0]) > w:\n"
-  "                    w = len(self._help_info[command][0])\n"
-  "            out = []\n"
-  "            for command in commands:\n"
-  "                hi = self._help_info[command]\n"
-  "                out.append(hi[0])\n"
-  "                out.append(\" \" * (2 + w - len(hi[0])))\n"
-  "                out.append((\"\\n\" + \" \" * (2 + w)).join(textwrap.wrap(hi[1], tw - w - 2)))\n"
-  "                out.append(\"\\n\")\n"
-  "            self.write(self.stderr, \"\".join(out))\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            if cmd[0] == \"all\":\n"
-  "                cmd = list(self._help_info.keys())\n"
-  "                cmd.sort()\n"
-  "            w = 0\n"
-  "            for command in self._help_info:\n"
-  "                if len(self._help_info[command][0]) > w:\n"
-  "                    w = len(self._help_info[command][0])\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            for command in cmd:\n"
-  "                if command == \"headers\": command = \"header\"\n"
-  "                if command not in self._help_info:\n"
-  "                    raise self.Error(\"No such command \\\"%s\\\"\" % (command, ))\n"
-  "                out = []\n"
-  "                hi = self._help_info[command]\n"
-  "                out.append(hi[0])\n"
-  "                out.append(\" \" * (2 + w - len(hi[0])))\n"
-  "                out.append((\"\\n\" + \" \" * (2 + w)).join(textwrap.wrap(hi[1], tw - w - 2)) + \"\\n\")\n"
-  "                if hi[2]:\n"
-  "                    out.append(\"\\n\")\n"
-  "                    for i, para in enumerate(hi[2]):\n"
-  "                        out.append(textwrap.fill(para, tw) + \"\\n\")\n"
-  "                        if i < len(hi[2]) - 1:\n"
-  "                            out.append(\"\\n\")\n"
-  "                if command != cmd[0]:\n"
-  "                    self.write(self.stderr, \"\\n\" + \"=\" * tw + \"\\n\")\n"
-  "                self.write(self.stderr, \"\".join(out))\n"
-  "        self.write(self.stderr, \"\\n\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_import(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"import FILE TABLE: Imports separated data from FILE into TABLE\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        Reads data from the file into the named table using the\n"
-  "        current separator and encoding.  For example if the separator\n"
-  "        is currently a comma then the file should be CSV (comma\n"
-  "        separated values).\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        All values read in are supplied to SQLite as strings.  If you\n"
-  "        want SQLite to treat them as other types then declare your\n"
-  "        columns appropriately.  For example declaring a column 'REAL'\n"
-  "        will result in the values being stored as floating point if\n"
-  "        they can be safely converted.  See this page for more details:\n"
-  "\n"
-  "          https://sqlite.org/datatype3.html\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        Another alternative is to create a temporary table, insert the\n"
-  "        values into that and then use casting.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "          CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE import(a,b,c);\n"
-  "\n"
-  "          .import filename import\n"
-  "\n"
-  "          CREATE TABLE final AS SELECT cast(a as BLOB), cast(b as INTEGER), cast(c as CHAR) from import;\n"
-  "\n"
-  "          DROP TABLE import;\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        You can also get more sophisticated using the SQL CASE\n"
-  "        operator.  For example this will turn zero length strings into\n"
-  "        null:\n"
-  "\n"
-  "          SELECT CASE col WHEN '' THEN null ELSE col END FROM ...\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) != 2:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"import takes two parameters\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            final = None\n"
-  "            self.db.cursor().execute(\"BEGIN IMMEDIATE\")\n"
-  "            final = \"ROLLBACK\"\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            ncols = len(self.db.cursor().execute(\"pragma table_info(\" + self._fmt_sql_identifier(cmd[1]) +\n"
-  "                                                 \")\").fetchall())\n"
-  "            if ncols < 1:\n"
-  "                raise self.Error(\"No such table '%s'\" % (cmd[1], ))\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            cur = self.db.cursor()\n"
-  "            sql = \"insert into %s values(%s)\" % (self._fmt_sql_identifier(cmd[1]), \",\".join(\"?\" * ncols))\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            kwargs = {}\n"
-  "            if self.separator == \",\":\n"
-  "                kwargs[\"dialect\"] = \"excel\"\n"
-  "            elif self.separator == \"\\t\":\n"
-  "                kwargs[\"dialect\"] = \"excel-tab\"\n"
-  "            else:\n"
-  "                kwargs[\"quoting\"] = csv.QUOTE_NONE\n"
-  "                kwargs[\"delimiter\"] = self.separator\n"
-  "                kwargs[\"doublequote\"] = False\n"
-  "                kwargs[\"quotechar\"] = \"\\x00\"\n"
-  "            row = 1\n"
-  "            for line in self._csvin_wrapper(cmd[0], kwargs):\n"
-  "                if len(line) != ncols:\n"
-  "                    raise self.Error(\"row %d has %d columns but should have %d\" % (row, len(line), ncols))\n"
-  "                try:\n"
-  "                    cur.execute(sql, line)\n"
-  "                except:\n"
-  "                    self.write(self.stderr, \"Error inserting row %d\" % (row, ))\n"
-  "                    raise\n"
-  "                row += 1\n"
-  "            self.db.cursor().execute(\"COMMIT\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        except:\n"
-  "            if final:\n"
-  "                self.db.cursor().execute(final)\n"
-  "            raise\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _csvin_wrapper(self, filename, dialect):\n"
-  "        thefile = codecs.open(filename, \"r\", self.encoding[0])\n"
-  "        for line in csv.reader(thefile, **dialect.copy()):\n"
-  "            yield line\n"
-  "        thefile.close()\n"
-  "        return\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_autoimport(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"autoimport FILENAME ?TABLE?: Imports filename creating a table and automatically working out separators and data types (alternative to .import command)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        The import command requires that you precisely pre-setup the\n"
-  "        table and schema, and set the data separators (eg commas or\n"
-  "        tabs).  In many cases this information can be automatically\n"
-  "        deduced from the file contents which is what this command\n"
-  "        does.  There must be at least two columns and two rows.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        If the table is not specified then the basename of the file\n"
-  "        will be used.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        Additionally the type of the contents of each column is also\n"
-  "        deduced - for example if it is a number or date.  Empty values\n"
-  "        are turned into nulls.  Dates are normalized into YYYY-MM-DD\n"
-  "        format and DateTime are normalized into ISO8601 format to\n"
-  "        allow easy sorting and searching.  4 digit years must be used\n"
-  "        to detect dates.  US (swapped day and month) versus rest of\n"
-  "        the world is also detected providing there is at least one\n"
-  "        value that resolves the ambiguity.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        Care is taken to ensure that columns looking like numbers are\n"
-  "        only treated as numbers if they do not have unnecessary\n"
-  "        leading zeroes or plus signs.  This is to avoid treating phone\n"
-  "        numbers and similar number like strings as integers.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        This command can take quite some time on large files as they\n"
-  "        are effectively imported twice.  The first time is to\n"
-  "        determine the format and the types for each column while the\n"
-  "        second pass actually imports the data.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) < 1 or len(cmd) > 2:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"Expected one or two parameters\")\n"
-  "        if not os.path.exists(cmd[0]):\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"File \\\"%s\\\" does not exist\" % (cmd[0], ))\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) == 2:\n"
-  "            tablename = cmd[1]\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            tablename = None\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            final = None\n"
-  "            c = self.db.cursor()\n"
-  "            c.execute(\"BEGIN IMMEDIATE\")\n"
-  "            final = \"ROLLBACK\"\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if not tablename:\n"
-  "                tablename = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(cmd[0]))[0]\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if c.execute(\"pragma table_info(%s)\" % (self._fmt_sql_identifier(tablename), )).fetchall():\n"
-  "                raise self.Error(\"Table \\\"%s\\\" already exists\" % (tablename, ))\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            def DateUS(v):  # US formatted date with wrong ordering of day and month\n"
-  "                return DateWorld(v, switchdm=True)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            def DateWorld(v, switchdm=False):  # Sensibly formatted date as used anywhere else in the world\n"
-  "                y, m, d = self._getdate(v)\n"
-  "                if switchdm: m, d = d, m\n"
-  "                if m < 1 or m > 12 or d < 1 or d > 31:\n"
-  "                    raise ValueError\n"
-  "                return \"%d-%02d-%02d\" % (y, m, d)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            def DateTimeUS(v):  # US date and time\n"
-  "                return DateTimeWorld(v, switchdm=True)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            def DateTimeWorld(v, switchdm=False):  # Sensible date and time\n"
-  "                y, m, d, h, M, s = self._getdatetime(v)\n"
-  "                if switchdm: m, d = d, m\n"
-  "                if m < 1 or m > 12 or d < 1 or d > 31 or h < 0 or h > 23 or M < 0 or M > 59 or s < 0 or s > 65:\n"
-  "                    raise ValueError\n"
-  "                return \"%d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d\" % (y, m, d, h, M, s)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            def Number(v):  # we really don't want phone numbers etc to match\n"
-  "                if re.search(r\"\\s\", v):\n"
-  "                    raise ValueError\n"
-  "                if v == \"0\": return 0\n"
-  "                if v[0] == \"+\":  # idd prefix\n"
-  "                    raise ValueError\n"
-  "                if re.match(\"^[0-9]+$\", v):\n"
-  "                    if v[0] == \"0\": raise ValueError  # also a phone number\n"
-  "                    return int(v)\n"
-  "                if v[0] == \"0\" and not v.startswith(\"0.\"):  # deceptive not a number\n"
-  "                    raise ValueError\n"
-  "                return float(v)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            formats = [{\"dialect\": \"excel\"}, {\"dialect\": \"excel-tab\"}]\n"
-  "            seps = [\"|\", \";\", \":\"]\n"
-  "            if self.separator not in seps:\n"
-  "                seps.append(self.separator)\n"
-  "            for sep in seps:\n"
-  "                formats.append({\"quoting\": csv.QUOTE_NONE, \"delimiter\": sep, \"doublequote\": False, \"quotechar\": \"\\x00\"})\n"
-  "            possibles = []\n"
-  "            errors = []\n"
-  "            encodingissue = False\n"
-  "            for format in formats:\n"
-  "                ncols = -1\n"
-  "                lines = 0\n"
-  "                try:\n"
-  "                    for line in self._csvin_wrapper(cmd[0], format.copy()):\n"
-  "                        if lines == 0:\n"
-  "                            lines = 1\n"
-  "                            ncols = len(line)\n"
-  "                            datas = []\n"
-  "                            for i in range(ncols):\n"
-  "                                datas.append([DateUS, DateWorld, DateTimeUS, DateTimeWorld, Number])\n"
-  "                            allblanks = [True] * ncols\n"
-  "                            continue\n"
-  "                        if len(line) != ncols:\n"
-  "                            raise ValueError(\"Expected %d columns - got %d\" % (ncols, len(line)))\n"
-  "                        lines += 1\n"
-  "                        for i in range(ncols):\n"
-  "                            if not line[i]:\n"
-  "                                continue\n"
-  "                            allblanks[i] = False\n"
-  "                            if not datas[i]:\n"
-  "                                continue\n"
-  "                            d = []\n"
-  "                            for dd in datas[i]:\n"
-  "                                try:\n"
-  "                                    dd(line[i])\n"
-  "                                    d.append(dd)\n"
-  "                                except ValueError:\n"
-  "                                    pass\n"
-  "                            datas[i] = d\n"
-  "                    if ncols > 1 and lines > 1:\n"
-  "                        for i in range(ncols):\n"
-  "                            if allblanks[i]:\n"
-  "                                datas[i] = []\n"
-  "                        possibles.append((format.copy(), ncols, lines, datas))\n"
-  "                except UnicodeDecodeError:\n"
-  "                    encodingissue = True\n"
-  "                except:\n"
-  "                    s = str(sys.exc_info()[1])\n"
-  "                    if s not in errors:\n"
-  "                        errors.append(s)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if len(possibles) == 0:\n"
-  "                if encodingissue:\n"
-  "                    raise self.Error(\n"
-  "                        \"The file is probably not in the current encoding \\\"%s\\\" and didn't match a known file format\" %\n"
-  "                        (self.encoding[0], ))\n"
-  "                v = \"File doesn't appear to match a known type.\"\n"
-  "                if len(errors):\n"
-  "                    v += \"  Errors reported:\\n\" + \"\\n\".join([\"  \" + e for e in errors])\n"
-  "                raise self.Error(v)\n"
-  "            if len(possibles) > 1:\n"
-  "                raise self.Error(\"File matches more than one type!\")\n"
-  "            format, ncols, lines, datas = possibles[0]\n"
-  "            fmt = format.get(\"dialect\", None)\n"
-  "            if fmt is None:\n"
-  "                fmt = \"(delimited by \\\"%s\\\")\" % (format[\"delimiter\"], )\n"
-  "            self.write(self.stdout, \"Detected Format %s  Columns %d  Rows %d\\n\" % (fmt, ncols, lines))\n"
-  "            reader = self._csvin_wrapper(cmd[0], format)\n"
-  "            for header in reader:\n"
-  "                break\n"
-  "            identity = lambda x: x\n"
-  "            for i in range(ncols):\n"
-  "                if len(datas[i]) > 1:\n"
-  "                    raise self.Error(\"Column #%d \\\"%s\\\" has ambiguous data format - %s\" %\n"
-  "                                     (i + 1, header[i], \", \".join([d.__name__ for d in datas[i]])))\n"
-  "                if datas[i]:\n"
-  "                    datas[i] = datas[i][0]\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    datas[i] = identity\n"
-  "            sql = \"CREATE TABLE %s(%s)\" % (self._fmt_sql_identifier(tablename), \", \".join(\n"
-  "                [self._fmt_sql_identifier(h) for h in header]))\n"
-  "            c.execute(sql)\n"
-  "            sql = \"INSERT INTO %s VALUES(%s)\" % (self._fmt_sql_identifier(tablename), \",\".join([\"?\"] * ncols))\n"
-  "            for line in reader:\n"
-  "                vals = []\n"
-  "                for i in range(ncols):\n"
-  "                    l = line[i]\n"
-  "                    if not l:\n"
-  "                        vals.append(None)\n"
-  "                    else:\n"
-  "                        vals.append(datas[i](l))\n"
-  "                c.execute(sql, vals)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            c.execute(\"COMMIT\")\n"
-  "            self.write(self.stdout, \"Auto-import into table \\\"%s\\\" complete\\n\" % (tablename, ))\n"
-  "        except:\n"
-  "            if final:\n"
-  "                self.db.cursor().execute(final)\n"
-  "            raise\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _getdate(self, v):\n"
-  "        m = re.match(r\"^([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)$\", v)\n"
-  "        if not m:\n"
-  "            raise ValueError\n"
-  "        y, m, d = int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2)), int(m.group(3))\n"
-  "        if d > 1000:  # swap order\n"
-  "            y, m, d = d, m, y\n"
-  "        if y < 1000 or y > 9999:\n"
-  "            raise ValueError\n"
-  "        return y, m, d\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _getdatetime(self, v):\n"
-  "        m = re.match(r\"^([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)[^0-9]+([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)([^0-9]([0-9]+))?$\", v)\n"
-  "        if not m:\n"
-  "            raise ValueError\n"
-  "        items = list(m.group(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7))\n"
-  "        for i in range(len(items)):\n"
-  "            if items[i] is None:\n"
-  "                items[i] = 0\n"
-  "        items = [int(i) for i in items]\n"
-  "        if items[2] > 1000:\n"
-  "            items = [items[2], items[1], items[0]] + items[3:]\n"
-  "        if items[0] < 1000 or items[0] > 9999:\n"
-  "            raise ValueError\n"
-  "        return items\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_indices(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"indices TABLE: Lists all indices on table TABLE\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) != 1:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"indices takes one table name\")\n"
-  "        self.push_output()\n"
-  "        self.header = False\n"
-  "        self.output = self.output_list\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            self.process_sql(\n"
-  "                \"SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='index' AND tbl_name LIKE ?1 \"\n"
-  "                \"UNION ALL SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master WHERE type='index' AND tbl_name LIKE \"\n"
-  "                \"?1 ORDER by name\",\n"
-  "                cmd,\n"
-  "                internal=True)\n"
-  "        finally:\n"
-  "            self.pop_output()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_load(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"load FILE ?ENTRY?: Loads a SQLite extension library\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        Note: Extension loading may not be enabled in the SQLite\n"
-  "        library version you are using.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        Extensions are an easy way to add new functions and\n"
-  "        functionality.  For a useful extension look at the bottom of\n"
-  "        https://sqlite.org/contrib\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        By default sqlite3_extension_init is called in the library but\n"
-  "        you can specify an alternate entry point.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        If you get an error about the extension not being found you\n"
-  "        may need to explicitly specify the directory.  For example if\n"
-  "        it is in the current directory then use:\n"
-  "\n"
-  "          .load ./extension.so\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) < 1 or len(cmd) > 2:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"load takes one or two parameters\")\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            self.db.enableloadextension(True)\n"
-  "        except:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"Extension loading is not supported\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        self.db.loadextension(*cmd)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    _output_modes = None\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_mode(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"mode MODE ?TABLE?: Sets output mode to one of\"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) in (1, 2):\n"
-  "            w = cmd[0]\n"
-  "            if w == \"tabs\":\n"
-  "                w = \"list\"\n"
-  "            m = getattr(self, \"output_\" + w, None)\n"
-  "            if w != \"insert\":\n"
-  "                if len(cmd) == 2:\n"
-  "                    raise self.Error(\"Output mode %s doesn't take parameters\" % (cmd[0]))\n"
-  "            if m:\n"
-  "                self.output = m\n"
-  "                self.truncate = True\n"
-  "                if cmd[0] == \"csv\":\n"
-  "                    self.separator = \",\"\n"
-  "                elif cmd[0] == \"tabs\":\n"
-  "                    self.separator = \"\\t\"\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    pass\n"
-  "                if w == \"insert\":\n"
-  "                    if len(cmd) == 2:\n"
-  "                        self._output_table = cmd[1]\n"
-  "                    else:\n"
-  "                        self._output_table = \"table\"\n"
-  "                    self._output_table = self._fmt_sql_identifier(self._output_table)\n"
-  "                return\n"
-  "        if not self._output_modes:\n"
-  "            self._cache_output_modes()\n"
-  "        raise self.Error(\"Expected a valid output mode: \" + \", \".join(self._output_modes))\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _cache_output_modes(self):\n"
-  "        modes = [m[len(\"output_\"):] for m in dir(self) if m.startswith(\"output_\")]\n"
-  "        modes.append(\"tabs\")\n"
-  "        modes.sort()\n"
-  "        self._output_modes = modes\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        detail = []\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        for m in modes:\n"
-  "            if m == 'tabs': continue\n"
-  "            d = getattr(self, \"output_\" + m).__doc__\n"
-  "            assert d, \"output mode \" + m + \" needs doc\"\n"
-  "            d = d.replace(\"\\n\", \" \").strip()\n"
-  "            while \"  \" in d:\n"
-  "                d = d.replace(\"  \", \" \")\n"
-  "            detail.append(m + \": \" + d)\n"
-  "        self._output_modes_detail = detail\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_nullvalue(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"nullvalue STRING: Print STRING in place of null values\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        This affects textual output modes like column and list and\n"
-  "        sets how SQL null values are shown.  The default is a zero\n"
-  "        length string.  Insert mode and dumps are not affected by this\n"
-  "        setting.  You can use double quotes to supply a zero length\n"
-  "        string.  For example:\n"
-  "\n"
-  "          .nullvalue \"\"         # the default\n"
-  "          .nullvalue <NULL>     # rather obvious\n"
-  "          .nullvalue \" \\\\t \"     # A tab surrounded by spaces\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) != 1:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"nullvalue takes exactly one parameter\")\n"
-  "        self.nullvalue = self.fixup_backslashes(cmd[0])\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_open(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"open ?OPTIONS? ?FILE?: Closes existing database and opens a different one\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        Options are: --new which deletes the file if it already exists\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        If FILE is omitted then a memory database is opened\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        new = False\n"
-  "        dbname = None\n"
-  "        c = cmd\n"
-  "        while c:\n"
-  "            p = c.pop(0)\n"
-  "            if p.startswith(\"--\"):\n"
-  "                if p == \"--new\":\n"
-  "                    new = True\n"
-  "                    continue\n"
-  "                raise self.Error(\"Unknown open param: \" + p)\n"
-  "            if dbname:\n"
-  "                raise self.Error(\"Too many arguments: \" + p)\n"
-  "            dbname = p\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        if new and dbname:\n"
-  "            self.db = (None, None)\n"
-  "            for suffix in \"\", \"-journal\", \"-wal\", \"-shm\":\n"
-  "                fn = dbname + suffix\n"
-  "                for retry in range(1, 5):\n"
-  "                    try:\n"
-  "                        os.remove(fn)\n"
-  "                        break\n"
-  "                    except OSError:\n"
-  "                        if not os.path.isfile(fn):\n"
-  "                            break\n"
-  "                        import gc\n"
-  "                        gc.collect(2)\n"
-  "                        time.sleep(.05 * retry)\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    os.rename(fn, fn + \"-DELETEME\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        self.db = (None, dbname)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_output(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"output FILENAME: Send output to FILENAME (or stdout)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        If the FILENAME is stdout then output is sent to standard\n"
-  "        output from when the shell was started.  The file is opened\n"
-  "        using the current encoding (change with .encoding command).\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        self.stdout.flush()\n"
-  "        self.stderr.flush()\n"
-  "        if hasattr(self.stdin, \"flush\"):\n"
-  "            try:\n"
-  "                self.stdin.flush()\n"
-  "            except IOError:  # see issue 117\n"
-  "                pass\n"
-  "\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) != 1:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"You must specify a filename\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            fname = cmd[0]\n"
-  "            if fname == \"stdout\":\n"
-  "                old = None\n"
-  "                if self.stdout != self._original_stdout:\n"
-  "                    old = self.stdout\n"
-  "                self.stdout = self._original_stdout\n"
-  "                if old is not None:  # done here in case close raises exception\n"
-  "                    old.close()\n"
-  "                return\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            newf = codecs.open(fname, \"w\", self.encoding[0], self.encoding[1])\n"
-  "            old = None\n"
-  "            if self.stdout != self._original_stdout:\n"
-  "                old = self.stdout\n"
-  "            self.stdout = newf\n"
-  "            if old is not None:\n"
-  "                old.close()\n"
-  "        finally:\n"
-  "            self._out_colour()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_print(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"print STRING: print the literal STRING\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        If more than one argument is supplied then they are printed\n"
-  "        space separated.  You can use backslash escapes such as \\\\n\n"
-  "        and \\\\t.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        self.write(self.stdout, \" \".join([self.fixup_backslashes(i) for i in cmd]) + \"\\n\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_prompt(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"prompt MAIN ?CONTINUE?: Changes the prompts for first line and continuation lines\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        The default is to print 'sqlite> ' for the main prompt where\n"
-  "        you can enter a dot command or a SQL statement.  If the SQL\n"
-  "        statement is complete (eg not ; terminated) then you are\n"
-  "        prompted for more using the continuation prompt which defaults\n"
-  "        to ' ..> '.  Example:\n"
-  "\n"
-  "          .prompt \"Yes, Master> \" \"More, Master> \"\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        You can use backslash escapes such as \\\\n and \\\\t.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) < 1 or len(cmd) > 2:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"prompt takes one or two arguments\")\n"
-  "        self.prompt = self.fixup_backslashes(cmd[0])\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) == 2:\n"
-  "            self.moreprompt = self.fixup_backslashes(cmd[1])\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_read(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"read FILENAME: Processes SQL and commands in FILENAME (or Python if FILENAME ends with .py)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        Treats the specified file as input (a mixture or SQL and/or\n"
-  "        dot commands).  If the filename ends in .py then it is treated\n"
-  "        as Python code instead.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        For Python code the symbol 'shell' refers to the instance of\n"
-  "        the shell and 'apsw' is the apsw module.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) != 1:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"read takes a single filename\")\n"
-  "        if cmd[0].lower().endswith(\".py\"):\n"
-  "            g = {}\n"
-  "            g.update({'apsw': apsw, 'shell': self})\n"
-  "            f = open(cmd[0], \"rb\")\n"
-  "            try:\n"
-  "                exec(compile(f.read(), cmd[0], 'exec'), g, g)\n"
-  "            finally:\n"
-  "                f.close()\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            f = codecs.open(cmd[0], \"r\", self.encoding[0])\n"
-  "            try:\n"
-  "                try:\n"
-  "                    self.push_input()\n"
-  "                    self.stdin = f\n"
-  "                    self.interactive = False\n"
-  "                    self.input_line_number = 0\n"
-  "                    while True:\n"
-  "                        line = self.getcompleteline()\n"
-  "                        if line is None:\n"
-  "                            break\n"
-  "                        self.process_complete_line(line)\n"
-  "                except:\n"
-  "                    eval = sys.exc_info()[1]\n"
-  "                    if not isinstance(eval, SystemExit):\n"
-  "                        self._append_input_description()\n"
-  "                    raise\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            finally:\n"
-  "                self.pop_input()\n"
-  "                f.close()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_restore(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"restore ?DB? FILE: Restore database from FILE into DB (default \"main\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        Copies the contents of FILE to the current database (default \"main\").\n"
-  "        The backup is done at the page level - SQLite copies the pages as\n"
-  "        is.  There is no round trip through SQL code.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        dbname = \"main\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) == 1:\n"
-  "            fname = cmd[0]\n"
-  "        elif len(cmd) == 2:\n"
-  "            dbname = cmd[0]\n"
-  "            fname = cmd[1]\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"Restore takes one or two parameters\")\n"
-  "        input = apsw.Connection(fname)\n"
-  "        b = self.db.backup(dbname, input, \"main\")\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            while not b.done:\n"
-  "                b.step()\n"
-  "        finally:\n"
-  "            b.finish()\n"
-  "            input.close()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_schema(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"schema ?TABLE? [TABLE...]: Shows SQL for table\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        If you give one or more tables then their schema is listed\n"
-  "        (including indices).  If you don't specify any then all\n"
-  "        schemas are listed. TABLE is a like pattern so you can % for\n"
-  "        wildcards.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        self.push_output()\n"
-  "        self.output = self.output_list\n"
-  "        self.header = False\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            if len(cmd) == 0:\n"
-  "                cmd = ['%']\n"
-  "            for n in cmd:\n"
-  "                self.process_sql(\n"
-  "                    \"SELECT sql||';' FROM \"\n"
-  "                    \"(SELECT sql sql, type type, tbl_name tbl_name, name name \"\n"
-  "                    \"FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL \"\n"
-  "                    \"SELECT sql, type, tbl_name, name FROM sqlite_temp_master) \"\n"
-  "                    \"WHERE tbl_name LIKE ?1 AND type!='meta' AND sql NOTNULL AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' \"\n"
-  "                    \"ORDER BY substr(type,2,1), name\", (n, ),\n"
-  "                    internal=True)\n"
-  "        finally:\n"
-  "            self.pop_output()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_separator(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"separator STRING: Change separator for output mode and .import\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        You can use quotes and backslashes.  For example to set the\n"
-  "        separator to space tab space you can use:\n"
-  "\n"
-  "          .separator \" \\\\t \"\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        The setting is automatically changed when you switch to csv or\n"
-  "        tabs output mode.  You should also set it before doing an\n"
-  "        import (ie , for CSV and \\\\t for TSV).\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) != 1:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"separator takes exactly one parameter\")\n"
-  "        self.separator = self.fixup_backslashes(cmd[0])\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    _shows = (\"echo\", \"explain\", \"headers\", \"mode\", \"nullvalue\", \"output\", \"separator\", \"width\", \"exceptions\",\n"
-  "              \"encoding\")\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_show(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"show: Show the current values for various settings.\"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) > 1:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"show takes at most one parameter\")\n"
-  "        if len(cmd):\n"
-  "            what = cmd[0]\n"
-  "            if what not in self._shows:\n"
-  "                raise self.Error(\"Unknown show: '%s'\" % (what, ))\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            what = None\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        outs = []\n"
-  "        for i in self._shows:\n"
-  "            k = i\n"
-  "            if what and i != what:\n"
-  "                continue\n"
-  "            if i in (\"echo\", \"headers\", \"exceptions\"):\n"
-  "                if i == \"headers\": i = \"header\"\n"
-  "                v = \"off\"\n"
-  "                if getattr(self, i):\n"
-  "                    v = \"on\"\n"
-  "            elif i == \"explain\":\n"
-  "                v = \"on\"\n"
-  "                if self.truncate:\n"
-  "                    v = \"off\"\n"
-  "            elif i in (\"nullvalue\", \"separator\"):\n"
-  "                v = self._fmt_c_string(getattr(self, i))\n"
-  "            elif i == \"mode\":\n"
-  "                if not self._output_modes:\n"
-  "                    self._cache_output_modes()\n"
-  "                for v in self._output_modes:\n"
-  "                    if self.output == getattr(self, \"output_\" + v):\n"
-  "                        break\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    assert False, \"Bug: didn't find output mode\"\n"
-  "            elif i == \"output\":\n"
-  "                if self.stdout is self._original_stdout:\n"
-  "                    v = \"stdout\"\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    v = getattr(self.stdout, \"name\", \"<unknown stdout>\")\n"
-  "            elif i == \"width\":\n"
-  "                v = \" \".join([\"%d\" % (i, ) for i in self.widths])\n"
-  "            elif i == \"encoding\":\n"
-  "                v = self.encoding[0]\n"
-  "                if self.encoding[1]:\n"
-  "                    v += \" (Errors \" + self.encoding[1] + \")\"\n"
-  "            else:\n"
-  "                assert False, \"Bug: unknown show handling\"\n"
-  "            outs.append((k, v))\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        l = 0\n"
-  "        for k, v in outs:\n"
-  "            if len(k) > l:\n"
-  "                l = len(k)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        for k, v in outs:\n"
-  "            self.write(self.stderr, \"%*.*s: %s\\n\" % (l, l, k, v))\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_tables(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"tables ?PATTERN?: Lists names of tables matching LIKE pattern\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        This also returns views.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        self.push_output()\n"
-  "        self.output = self.output_list\n"
-  "        self.header = False\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            if len(cmd) == 0:\n"
-  "                cmd = ['%']\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            for n in cmd:\n"
-  "                self.process_sql(\n"
-  "                    \"SELECT name FROM sqlite_master \"\n"
-  "                    \"WHERE type IN ('table', 'view') AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' \"\n"
-  "                    \"AND name like ?1 \"\n"
-  "                    \"UNION ALL \"\n"
-  "                    \"SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master \"\n"
-  "                    \"WHERE type IN ('table', 'view') AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' \"\n"
-  "                    \"ORDER BY 1\", (n, ),\n"
-  "                    internal=True)\n"
-  "        finally:\n"
-  "            self.pop_output()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_timeout(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"timeout MS: Try opening locked tables for MS milliseconds\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        If a database is locked by another process SQLite will keep\n"
-  "        retrying.  This sets how many thousandths of a second it will\n"
-  "        keep trying for.  If you supply zero or a negative number then\n"
-  "        all busy handlers are disabled.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) != 1:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"timeout takes a number\")\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            t = int(cmd[0])\n"
-  "        except:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"%s is not a number\" % (cmd[0], ))\n"
-  "        self.db.setbusytimeout(t)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_timer(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"timer ON|OFF: Control printing of time and resource usage after each query\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        The values displayed are in seconds when shown as floating\n"
-  "        point or an absolute count.  Only items that have changed\n"
-  "        since starting the query are shown.  On non-Windows platforms\n"
-  "        considerably more information can be shown.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if self._boolean_command(\"timer\", cmd):\n"
-  "            try:\n"
-  "                self.get_resource_usage()\n"
-  "            except:\n"
-  "                raise self.Error(\"Timing not supported by this Python version/platform\")\n"
-  "            self.timer = True\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            self.timer = False\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def command_width(self, cmd):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"width NUM NUM ...: Set the column widths for \"column\" mode\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        In \"column\" output mode, each column is a fixed width with values truncated to\n"
-  "        fit.  Specify new widths using this command.  Use a negative number\n"
-  "        to right justify and zero for default column width.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if len(cmd) == 0:\n"
-  "            raise self.Error(\"You need to specify some widths!\")\n"
-  "        w = []\n"
-  "        for i in cmd:\n"
-  "            try:\n"
-  "                w.append(int(i))\n"
-  "            except:\n"
-  "                raise self.Error(\"'%s' is not a valid number\" % (i, ))\n"
-  "        self.widths = w\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _terminal_width(self):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Works out the terminal width which is used for word wrapping\n"
-  "        some output (eg .help)\"\"\"\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            if sys.platform == \"win32\":\n"
-  "                import ctypes, struct\n"
-  "                h = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(-12)  # -12 is stderr\n"
-  "                buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(22)\n"
-  "                if ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(h, buf):\n"
-  "                    _, _, _, _, _, left, top, right, bottom, _, _ = struct.unpack(\"hhhhHhhhhhh\", buf.raw)\n"
-  "                    return right - left\n"
-  "                raise Exception()\n"
-  "            else:\n"
-  "                import struct, fcntl, termios\n"
-  "                s = struct.pack('HHHH', 0, 0, 0, 0)\n"
-  "                x = fcntl.ioctl(2, termios.TIOCGWINSZ, s)\n"
-  "                return struct.unpack('HHHH', x)[1]\n"
-  "        except:\n"
-  "            try:\n"
-  "                v = int(os.getenv(\"COLUMNS\"))\n"
-  "                if v < 10:\n"
-  "                    return 80\n"
-  "                return v\n"
-  "            except:\n"
-  "                return 80\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def push_output(self):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Saves the current output settings onto a stack.  See\n"
-  "        :meth:`pop_output` for more details as to why you would use\n"
-  "        this.\"\"\"\n"
-  "        o = {}\n"
-  "        for k in \"separator\", \"header\", \"nullvalue\", \"output\", \"widths\", \"truncate\":\n"
-  "            o[k] = getattr(self, k)\n"
-  "        self._output_stack.append(o)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def pop_output(self):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Restores most recently pushed output.  There are many\n"
-  "        output parameters such as nullvalue, mode\n"
-  "        (list/tcl/html/insert etc), column widths, header etc.  If you\n"
-  "        temporarily need to change some settings then\n"
-  "        :meth:`push_output`, change the settings and then pop the old\n"
-  "        ones back.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        A simple example is implementing a command like .dump.  Push\n"
-  "        the current output, change the mode to insert so we get SQL\n"
-  "        inserts printed and then pop to go back to what was there\n"
-  "        before.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        assert len(self._output_stack)\n"
-  "        if len(self._output_stack) == 1:\n"
-  "            o = self._output_stack[0]\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            o = self._output_stack.pop()\n"
-  "        for k, v in o.items():\n"
-  "            setattr(self, k, v)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _append_input_description(self):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"When displaying an error in :meth:`handle_exception` we\n"
-  "        want to give context such as when the commands being executed\n"
-  "        came from a .read command (which in turn could execute another\n"
-  "        .read).\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if self.interactive:\n"
-  "            return\n"
-  "        res = []\n"
-  "        res.append(\"Line %d\" % (self.input_line_number, ))\n"
-  "        res.append(\": \" + getattr(self.stdin, \"name\", \"<stdin>\"))\n"
-  "        self._input_descriptions.append(\" \".join(res))\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def fixup_backslashes(self, s):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Implements the various backlash sequences in s such as\n"
-  "        turning backslash t into a tab.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        This function is needed because shlex does not do it for us.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if \"\\\\\" not in s: return s\n"
-  "        res = []\n"
-  "        i = 0\n"
-  "        while i < len(s):\n"
-  "            if s[i] != \"\\\\\":\n"
-  "                res.append(s[i])\n"
-  "                i += 1\n"
-  "                continue\n"
-  "            i += 1\n"
-  "            if i >= len(s):\n"
-  "                raise self.Error(\"Backslash with nothing following\")\n"
-  "            c = s[i]\n"
-  "            res.append({\"\\\\\": \"\\\\\", \"r\": \"\\r\", \"n\": \"\\n\", \"t\": \"\\t\"}.get(c, None))\n"
-  "            i += 1  # advance again\n"
-  "            if res[-1] is None:\n"
-  "                raise self.Error(\"Unknown backslash sequence \\\\\" + c)\n"
-  "        return \"\".join(res)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def write(self, dest, text):\n"
-  "        \"Writes text to dest.  dest will typically be one of self.stdout or self.stderr.\"\n"
-  "        dest.write(text)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    _raw_input = input\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def getline(self, prompt=\"\"):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Returns a single line of input (may be incomplete SQL) from self.stdin.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        If EOF is reached then return None.  Do not include trailing\n"
-  "        newline in return.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        self.stdout.flush()\n"
-  "        self.stderr.flush()\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            if self.interactive:\n"
-  "                if self.stdin is sys.stdin:\n"
-  "                    c = self.colour.prompt, self.colour.prompt_\n"
-  "                    if self._using_readline and sys.platform != \"win32\":\n"
-  "                        c = \"\\x01\" + c[0] + \"\\x02\", \"\\x01\" + c[1] + \"\\x02\",\n"
-  "                    line = self._raw_input(c[0] + prompt + c[1]) + \"\\n\"  # raw_input excludes newline\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    self.write(self.stdout, prompt)\n"
-  "                    line = self.stdin.readline()  # includes newline unless last line of file doesn't have one\n"
-  "            else:\n"
-  "                line = self.stdin.readline()  # includes newline unless last line of file doesn't have one\n"
-  "            self.input_line_number += 1\n"
-  "            if sys.version_info < (3, 0):\n"
-  "                if type(line) != unicode:\n"
-  "                    enc = getattr(self.stdin, \"encoding\", self.encoding[0])\n"
-  "                    if not enc: enc = self.encoding[0]\n"
-  "                    line = line.decode(enc)\n"
-  "        except EOFError:\n"
-  "            return None\n"
-  "        if len(line) == 0:  # always a \\n on the end normally so this is EOF\n"
-  "            return None\n"
-  "        if line[-1] == \"\\n\":\n"
-  "            line = line[:-1]\n"
-  "        return line\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def getcompleteline(self):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Returns a complete input.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        For dot commands it will be one line.  For SQL statements it\n"
-  "        will be as many as is necessary to have a\n"
-  "        :meth:`~apsw.complete` statement (ie semicolon terminated).\n"
-  "        Returns None on end of file.\"\"\"\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            self._completion_first = True\n"
-  "            command = self.getline(self.prompt)\n"
-  "            if command is None:\n"
-  "                return None\n"
-  "            if len(command.strip()) == 0:\n"
-  "                return \"\"\n"
-  "            if command[0] == \"?\": command = \".help \" + command[1:]\n"
-  "            while command[0] != \".\" and not apsw.complete(command):\n"
-  "                self._completion_first = False\n"
-  "                line = self.getline(self.moreprompt)\n"
-  "                if line is None:  # unexpected eof\n"
-  "                    raise self.Error(\"Incomplete SQL (line %d of %s): %s\\n\" %\n"
-  "                                     (self.input_line_number, getattr(self.stdin, \"name\", \"<stdin>\"), command))\n"
-  "                if line in (\"go\", \"/\"):\n"
-  "                    break\n"
-  "                command = command + \"\\n\" + line\n"
-  "            return command\n"
-  "        except KeyboardInterrupt:\n"
-  "            self.handle_interrupt()\n"
-  "            return \"\"\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def handle_interrupt(self):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Deal with keyboard interrupt (typically Control-C).  It\n"
-  "        will :meth:`~Connection.interrupt` the database and print\"^C\" if interactive.\"\"\"\n"
-  "        self.db.interrupt()\n"
-  "        if not self.bail and self.interactive:\n"
-  "            self.write(self.stderr, \"^C\\n\")\n"
-  "            return\n"
-  "        raise\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def process_complete_line(self, command):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Given some text will call the appropriate method to process\n"
-  "        it (eg :meth:`process_sql` or :meth:`process_command`)\"\"\"\n"
-  "        try:\n"
-  "            if len(command.strip()) == 0:\n"
-  "                return\n"
-  "            if command[0] == \".\":\n"
-  "                self.process_command(command)\n"
-  "            else:\n"
-  "                self.process_sql(command)\n"
-  "        except KeyboardInterrupt:\n"
-  "            self.handle_interrupt()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def push_input(self):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Saves the current input parameters to a stack.  See :meth:`pop_input`.\"\"\"\n"
-  "        d = {}\n"
-  "        for i in \"interactive\", \"stdin\", \"input_line_number\":\n"
-  "            d[i] = getattr(self, i)\n"
-  "        self._input_stack.append(d)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def pop_input(self):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Restore most recently pushed input parameters (interactive,\n"
-  "        self.stdin, linenumber etc).  Use this if implementing a\n"
-  "        command like read.  Push the current input, read the file and\n"
-  "        then pop the input to go back to before.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        assert (len(self._input_stack)) > 1\n"
-  "        d = self._input_stack.pop()\n"
-  "        for k, v in d.items():\n"
-  "            setattr(self, k, v)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def complete(self, token, state):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Return a possible completion for readline\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        This function is called with state starting at zero to get the\n"
-  "        first completion, then one/two/three etc until you return None.  The best\n"
-  "        implementation is to generate the list when state==0, save it,\n"
-  "        and provide members on each increase.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        The default implementation extracts the current full input\n"
-  "        from readline and then calls :meth:`complete_command` or\n"
-  "        :meth:`complete_sql` as appropriate saving the results for\n"
-  "        subsequent calls.\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if state == 0:\n"
-  "            import readline\n"
-  "            line = readline.get_line_buffer()\n"
-  "            beg = readline.get_begidx()\n"
-  "            end = readline.get_endidx()\n"
-  "            try:\n"
-  "                if self._completion_first and line.startswith(\".\"):\n"
-  "                    self.completions = self.complete_command(line, token, beg, end)\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    self.completions = self.complete_sql(line, token, beg, end)\n"
-  "            except:\n"
-  "                import traceback\n"
-  "                traceback.print_exc()\n"
-  "                raise\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        if state > len(self.completions):\n"
-  "            return None\n"
-  "        return self.completions[state]\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    _sqlite_keywords = \"\"\"ABORT ACTION ADD AFTER ALL ALTER ANALYZE AND AS ASC ATTACH\n"
-  "    AUTOINCREMENT BEFORE BEGIN BETWEEN BY CASCADE CASE CAST CHECK\n"
-  "    COLLATE COLUMN COMMIT CONFLICT CONSTRAINT CREATE CROSS\n"
-  "    CURRENT_DATE CURRENT_TIME CURRENT_TIMESTAMP DATABASE DEFAULT\n"
-  "    DEFERRABLE DEFERRED DELETE DESC DETACH DISTINCT DROP EACH ELSE END\n"
-  "    ESCAPE EXCEPT EXCLUSIVE EXISTS EXPLAIN FAIL FOR FOREIGN FROM FULL\n"
-  "    GLOB GROUP HAVING IF IGNORE IMMEDIATE IN INDEX INDEXED INITIALLY\n"
-  "    INNER INSERT INSTEAD INTERSECT INTO IS ISNULL JOIN KEY LEFT LIKE\n"
-  "    LIMIT MATCH NATURAL NO NOT NOTNULL NULL OF OFFSET ON OR ORDER\n"
-  "    OUTER PLAN PRAGMA PRIMARY QUERY RAISE RECURSIVE REFERENCES REGEXP\n"
-  "    REINDEX RELEASE RENAME REPLACE RESTRICT RIGHT ROLLBACK ROW\n"
-  "    SAVEPOINT SELECT SET TABLE TEMP TEMPORARY THEN TO TRANSACTION\n"
-  "    TRIGGER UNION UNIQUE UPDATE USING VACUUM VALUES VIEW VIRTUAL WHEN\n"
-  "    WHERE WITH WITHOUT\"\"\".split()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    _sqlite_keywords.extend(getattr(apsw, \"keywords\", []))\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    _sqlite_reserved = _sqlite_keywords\n"
-  "    _sqlite_keywords = [x + (\" \", \"(\")[x in (\"VALUES\", \"CAST\")] for x in _sqlite_keywords]\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    _sqlite_special_names = \"\"\"_ROWID_ OID ROWID SQLITE_MASTER\n"
-  "           SQLITE_SEQUENCE\"\"\".split()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    _sqlite_functions = \"\"\"abs( changes() char( coalesce( glob( ifnull( hex( instr(\n"
-  "           last_insert_rowid() length( like( likelihood( likely(\n"
-  "           load_extension( lower( ltrim( max( min( nullif( printf(\n"
-  "           quote( random() randomblob( replace( round( rtrim( soundex(\n"
-  "           sqlite_compileoption_get( sqlite_compileoption_used(\n"
-  "           sqlite_source_id() sqlite_version() substr( total_changes()\n"
-  "           trim( typeof( unlikely( unicode( upper( zeroblob( date(\n"
-  "           time( datetime( julianday( strftime( avg( count(\n"
-  "           group_concat( sum( total(\"\"\".split()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    _pragmas_bool = (\"yes\", \"true\", \"on\", \"no\", \"false\", \"off\")\n"
-  "    _pragmas = {\n"
-  "        \"application_id\": None,\n"
-  "        \"auto_vacuum=\": (\"NONE\", \"FULL\", \"INCREMENTAL\"),\n"
-  "        \"automatic_index=\": _pragmas_bool,\n"
-  "        \"busy_timeout=\": None,\n"
-  "        \"cache_size=\": None,\n"
-  "        \"case_sensitive_like=\": _pragmas_bool,\n"
-  "        \"cache_spill=\": _pragmas_bool,\n"
-  "        \"cell_size_check=\": _pragmas_bool,\n"
-  "        \"checkpoint_fullfsync=\": _pragmas_bool,\n"
-  "        \"collation_list\": None,\n"
-  "        \"compile_options\": None,\n"
-  "        \"data_version\": None,\n"
-  "        \"database_list\": None,\n"
-  "        \"defer_foreign_keys=\": _pragmas_bool,\n"
-  "        \"encoding=\": None,\n"
-  "        \"foreign_key_check\": None,\n"
-  "        \"foreign_key_list(\": None,\n"
-  "        \"foreign_keys\": _pragmas_bool,\n"
-  "        \"freelist_count\": None,\n"
-  "        \"fullfsync=\": _pragmas_bool,\n"
-  "        \"ignore_check_constraints\": _pragmas_bool,\n"
-  "        \"incremental_vacuum(\": None,\n"
-  "        \"index_info(\": None,\n"
-  "        \"index_list(\": None,\n"
-  "        \"index_xinfo(\": None,\n"
-  "        \"integrity_check\": None,\n"
-  "        \"journal_mode=\": (\"DELETE\", \"TRUNCATE\", \"PERSIST\", \"MEMORY\", \"OFF\", \"WAL\"),\n"
-  "        \"journal_size_limit=\": None,\n"
-  "        \"legacy_file_format=\": _pragmas_bool,\n"
-  "        \"locking_mode=\": (\"NORMAL\", \"EXCLUSIVE\"),\n"
-  "        \"max_page_count=\": None,\n"
-  "        \"mmap_size=\": None,\n"
-  "        \"optimize(\": None,\n"
-  "        \"page_count;\": None,\n"
-  "        \"page_size=\": None,\n"
-  "        \"query_only=\": _pragmas_bool,\n"
-  "        \"quick_check\": None,\n"
-  "        \"read_uncommitted=\": _pragmas_bool,\n"
-  "        \"recursive_triggers=\": _pragmas_bool,\n"
-  "        \"reverse_unordered_selects=\": _pragmas_bool,\n"
-  "        \"schema_version\": None,\n"
-  "        \"secure_delete=\": _pragmas_bool,\n"
-  "        \"shrink_memory\": None,\n"
-  "        \"soft_heap_limit=\": None,\n"
-  "        \"synchronous=\": (\"OFF\", \"NORMAL\", \"FULL\"),\n"
-  "        \"table_info(\": None,\n"
-  "        \"table_list\": None,\n"
-  "        \"temp_store=\": (\"DEFAULT\", \"FILE\", \"MEMORY\"),\n"
-  "        \"threads=\": None,\n"
-  "        \"user_version=\": None,\n"
-  "        \"wal_autocheckpoint=\": None,\n"
-  "        \"wal_checkpoint\": None,\n"
-  "        \"writable_schema\": _pragmas_bool,\n"
-  "    }\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _get_prev_tokens(self, line, end):\n"
-  "        \"Returns the tokens prior to pos end in the line\"\n"
-  "        return re.findall(r'\"?\\w+\"?', line[:end])\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def complete_sql(self, line, token, beg, end):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Provide some completions for SQL\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        :param line: The current complete input line\n"
-  "        :param token: The word readline is looking for matches\n"
-  "        :param beg: Integer offset of token in line\n"
-  "        :param end: Integer end of token in line\n"
-  "        :return: A list of completions, or an empty list if none\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if self._completion_cache is None:\n"
-  "            cur = self.db.cursor()\n"
-  "            collations = [row[1] for row in cur.execute(\"pragma collation_list\")]\n"
-  "            databases = [row[1] for row in cur.execute(\"pragma database_list\")]\n"
-  "            other = []\n"
-  "            for db in databases:\n"
-  "                if db == \"temp\":\n"
-  "                    master = \"sqlite_temp_master\"\n"
-  "                else:\n"
-  "                    master = \"[%s].sqlite_master\" % (db, )\n"
-  "                for row in cur.execute(\"select * from \" + master).fetchall():\n"
-  "                    for col in (1, 2):\n"
-  "                        if row[col] not in other and not row[col].startswith(\"sqlite_\"):\n"
-  "                            other.append(row[col])\n"
-  "                    if row[0] == \"table\":\n"
-  "                        try:\n"
-  "                            for table in cur.execute(\"pragma [%s].table_info([%s])\" % (\n"
-  "                                    db,\n"
-  "                                    row[1],\n"
-  "                            )).fetchall():\n"
-  "                                if table[1] not in other:\n"
-  "                                    other.append(table[1])\n"
-  "                                for item in table[2].split():\n"
-  "                                    if item not in other:\n"
-  "                                        other.append(item)\n"
-  "                        except apsw.SQLError:\n"
-  "                            pass\n"
-  "                functions = {}\n"
-  "                for row in cur.execute(\"pragma function_list\"):\n"
-  "                    name = row[0]\n"
-  "                    narg = row[4]\n"
-  "                    functions[name] = max(narg, functions.get(name, -1))\n"
-  "\n"
-  "                def fmtfunc(name, nargs):\n"
-  "                    if nargs == 0:\n"
-  "                        return name + \"()\"\n"
-  "                    return name + \"(\"\n"
-  "\n"
-  "                func_list = [fmtfunc(name, narg) for name, narg in functions.items()]\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            self._completion_cache = [\n"
-  "                self._sqlite_keywords, func_list, self._sqlite_special_names, collations, databases, other\n"
-  "            ]\n"
-  "            for i in range(len(self._completion_cache)):\n"
-  "                self._completion_cache[i].sort()\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        if \"pragma \" in line.lower():\n"
-  "            t = self._get_prev_tokens(line.lower(), end)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if len(t) > 2 and t[-3] == \"pragma\":\n"
-  "                for p in self._pragmas:\n"
-  "                    if p.replace(\"=\", \"\") == t[-2]:\n"
-  "                        vals = self._pragmas[p]\n"
-  "                        if not vals:\n"
-  "                            return []\n"
-  "                        return [x + \";\" for x in vals if x.startswith(token)]\n"
-  "            if len(t) > 1 and t[-2] == \"pragma\" and line[:end].replace(\" \", \"\").endswith(\"=\"):\n"
-  "                for p in self._pragmas:\n"
-  "                    if p.replace(\"=\", \"\") == t[-1]:\n"
-  "                        vals = self._pragmas[p]\n"
-  "                        if not vals:\n"
-  "                            return []\n"
-  "                        return vals\n"
-  "            if len(t) > 1 and t[-2] == \"pragma\":\n"
-  "                res = [x for x in self._pragmas.keys() if x.startswith(token)]\n"
-  "                res.sort()\n"
-  "                return res\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            if len(t) and t[-1] == \"pragma\":\n"
-  "                res = list(self._pragmas.keys())\n"
-  "                res.sort()\n"
-  "                return res\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        res = []\n"
-  "        ut = token.upper()\n"
-  "        for corpus in self._completion_cache:\n"
-  "            for word in corpus:\n"
-  "                if word.upper().startswith(ut):\n"
-  "                    if word.startswith(token):  # exact\n"
-  "                        if word not in res:\n"
-  "                            res.append(word)\n"
-  "                    elif word.lower().startswith(token):  # lower\n"
-  "                        if word.lower() not in res:\n"
-  "                            res.append(word.lower())\n"
-  "                    elif word.upper().startswith(token):  # upper\n"
-  "                        if word.upper() not in res:\n"
-  "                            res.append(word.upper())\n"
-  "                    else:\n"
-  "                        w = token + word[len(token):]\n"
-  "                        if w not in res:\n"
-  "                            res.append(w)\n"
-  "        return res\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    _builtin_commands = None\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def complete_command(self, line, token, beg, end):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Provide some completions for dot commands\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        :param line: The current complete input line\n"
-  "        :param token: The word readline is looking for matches\n"
-  "        :param beg: Integer offset of token in line\n"
-  "        :param end: Integer end of token in line\n"
-  "        :return: A list of completions, or an empty list if none\n"
-  "        \"\"\"\n"
-  "        if not self._builtin_commands:\n"
-  "            self._builtin_commands = [\n"
-  "                \".\" + x[len(\"command_\"):] for x in dir(self) if x.startswith(\"command_\") and x != \"command_headers\"\n"
-  "            ]\n"
-  "        if beg == 0:\n"
-  "            return [x + \" \" for x in self._builtin_commands if x.startswith(token)]\n"
-  "        return None\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def get_resource_usage(self):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Return a dict of various numbers (ints or floats).  The\n"
-  "        .timer command shows the difference between before and after\n"
-  "        results of what this returns by calling :meth:`display_timing`\"\"\"\n"
-  "        if sys.platform == \"win32\":\n"
-  "            import ctypes, time, platform\n"
-  "            ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetProcessTimes.argtypes = [\n"
-  "                platform.architecture()[0] == '64bit' and ctypes.c_int64 or ctypes.c_int32, ctypes.c_void_p,\n"
-  "                ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_void_p\n"
-  "            ]\n"
-  "\n"
-  "            dummy = ctypes.c_ulonglong()\n"
-  "            utime = ctypes.c_ulonglong()\n"
-  "            stime = ctypes.c_ulonglong()\n"
-  "            rc = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetProcessTimes(\n"
-  "                ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetCurrentProcess(),\n"
-  "                ctypes.byref(dummy),  # creation time\n"
-  "                ctypes.byref(dummy),  # exit time\n"
-  "                ctypes.byref(stime),\n"
-  "                ctypes.byref(utime))\n"
-  "            if rc:\n"
-  "                return {\n"
-  "                    'Wall clock': time.time(),\n"
-  "                    'User time': float(utime.value) / 10000000,\n"
-  "                    'System time': float(stime.value) / 10000000\n"
-  "                }\n"
-  "            return {}\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            import resource, time\n"
-  "            r = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)\n"
-  "            res = {'Wall clock': time.time()}\n"
-  "            for i, desc in (\n"
-  "                (\"utime\", \"User time\"),\n"
-  "                (\"stime\", \"System time\"),\n"
-  "                (\"maxrss\", \"Max rss\"),\n"
-  "                (\"idrss\", \"Memory\"),\n"
-  "                (\"isrss\", \"Stack\"),\n"
-  "                (\"ixrss\", \"Shared Memory\"),\n"
-  "                (\"minflt\", \"PF (no I/O)\"),\n"
-  "                (\"majflt\", \"PF (I/O)\"),\n"
-  "                (\"inblock\", \"Blocks in\"),\n"
-  "                (\"oublock\", \"Blocks out\"),\n"
-  "                (\"nsignals\", \"Signals\"),\n"
-  "                (\"nvcsw\", \"Voluntary context switches\"),\n"
-  "                (\"nivcsw\", \"Involunary context switches\"),\n"
-  "                (\"msgrcv\", \"Messages received\"),\n"
-  "                (\"msgsnd\", \"Messages sent\"),\n"
-  "                (\"nswap\", \"Swaps\"),\n"
-  "            ):\n"
-  "                f = \"ru_\" + i\n"
-  "                if hasattr(r, f):\n"
-  "                    res[desc] = getattr(r, f)\n"
-  "            return res\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def display_timing(self, b4, after):\n"
-  "        \"\"\"Writes the difference between b4 and after to self.stderr.\n"
-  "        The data is dictionaries returned from\n"
-  "        :meth:`get_resource_usage`.\"\"\"\n"
-  "        v = list(b4.keys())\n"
-  "        for i in after:\n"
-  "            if i not in v:\n"
-  "                v.append(i)\n"
-  "        v.sort()\n"
-  "        for k in v:\n"
-  "            if k in b4 and k in after:\n"
-  "                one = b4[k]\n"
-  "                two = after[k]\n"
-  "                val = two - one\n"
-  "                if val:\n"
-  "                    if type(val) == float:\n"
-  "                        self.write(self.stderr, \"+ %s: %.4f\\n\" % (k, val))\n"
-  "                    else:\n"
-  "                        self.write(self.stderr, \"+ %s: %d\\n\" % (k, val))\n"
-  "\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    def _out_colour(self):\n"
-  "        if getattr(self.stdout, \"isatty\", False) and self.stdout.isatty():\n"
-  "            self.colour = self._colours[self.colour_scheme]\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            self.colour = self._colours[\"off\"]\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    class _colourscheme:\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        def __init__(self, **kwargs):\n"
-  "            for k, v in kwargs.items():\n"
-  "                setattr(self, k, v)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        def __nonzero__(self):\n"
-  "            return True\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        def __str__(self):\n"
-  "            return \"_colourscheme(\" + str(self.__dict__) + \")\"\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        def __getattr__(self, k):\n"
-  "            return \"\"\n"
-  "\n"
-  "        def colour_value(self, val, formatted):\n"
-  "            c = self.colour\n"
-  "            if val is None:\n"
-  "                return self.vnull + formatted + self.vnull_\n"
-  "            if isinstance(val, Shell._basestring):\n"
-  "                return self.vstring + formatted + self.vstring_\n"
-  "            if isinstance(val, Shell._binary_type):\n"
-  "                return self.vblob + formatted + self.vblob_\n"
-  "            return self.vnumber + formatted + self.vnumber_\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    d = _colourscheme(**dict([(v, \"\\x1b[\" + str(n) + \"m\") for n, v in {\n"
-  "        0: \"reset\",\n"
-  "        1: \"bold\",\n"
-  "        4: \"underline\",\n"
-  "        22: \"bold_\",\n"
-  "        24: \"underline_\",\n"
-  "        7: \"inverse\",\n"
-  "        27: \"inverse_\",\n"
-  "        30: \"fg_black\",\n"
-  "        31: \"fg_red\",\n"
-  "        32: \"fg_green\",\n"
-  "        33: \"fg_yellow\",\n"
-  "        34: \"fg_blue\",\n"
-  "        35: \"fg_magenta\",\n"
-  "        36: \"fg_cyan\",\n"
-  "        37: \"fg_white\",\n"
-  "        39: \"fg_\",\n"
-  "        40: \"bg_black\",\n"
-  "        41: \"bg_red\",\n"
-  "        42: \"bg_green\",\n"
-  "        43: \"bg_yellow\",\n"
-  "        44: \"bg_blue\",\n"
-  "        45: \"bg_magenta\",\n"
-  "        46: \"bg_cyan\",\n"
-  "        47: \"bg_white\",\n"
-  "        49: \"bg_\"\n"
-  "    }.items()]))\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    _colours = {\"off\": _colourscheme(colour_value=lambda x, y: y)}\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    _colours[\"default\"] = _colourscheme(prompt=d.bold,\n"
-  "                                        prompt_=d.bold_,\n"
-  "                                        error=d.fg_red + d.bold,\n"
-  "                                        error_=d.bold_ + d.fg_,\n"
-  "                                        intro=d.fg_blue + d.bold,\n"
-  "                                        intro_=d.bold_ + d.fg_,\n"
-  "                                        summary=d.fg_blue + d.bold,\n"
-  "                                        summary_=d.bold_ + d.fg_,\n"
-  "                                        header=sys.platform == \"win32\" and d.inverse or d.underline,\n"
-  "                                        header_=sys.platform == \"win32\" and d.inverse_ or d.underline_,\n"
-  "                                        vnull=d.fg_red,\n"
-  "                                        vnull_=d.fg_,\n"
-  "                                        vstring=d.fg_yellow,\n"
-  "                                        vstring_=d.fg_,\n"
-  "                                        vblob=d.fg_blue,\n"
-  "                                        vblob_=d.fg_,\n"
-  "                                        vnumber=d.fg_magenta,\n"
-  "                                        vnumber_=d.fg_)\n"
-  "    if sys.platform == \"win32\":\n"
-  "        if not _win_colour:\n"
-  "            for k in _colours:\n"
-  "                _colours[k] = _colours[\"off\"]\n"
-  "    del d\n"
-  "    del _colourscheme\n"
-  "    try:\n"
-  "        del n\n"
-  "        del x\n"
-  "        del v\n"
-  "    except:\n"
-  "        pass\n"
-  "\n"
-  "\n"
-  "def main() -> None:\n"
-  "    \"\"\"\n"
-  "    Call this to run the :ref:`interactive shell <shell>`.  It\n"
-  "    automatically passes in sys.argv[1:] and exits Python when done.\n"
-  "\n"
-  "    \"\"\"\n"
-  "    try:\n"
-  "        s = Shell()\n"
-  "        _, _, cmds = s.process_args(sys.argv[1:])\n"
-  "        if len(cmds) == 0:\n"
-  "            s.cmdloop()\n"
-  "    except:\n"
-  "        v = sys.exc_info()[1]\n"
-  "        if isinstance(v, SystemExit):\n"
-  "            raise\n"
-  "        if getattr(v, \"_handle_exception_saw_this\", False):\n"
-  "            pass\n"
-  "        else:\n"
-  "            import traceback\n"
-  "            traceback.print_exc()\n"
-  "        sys.exit(1)\n"
-  "\n"
-  "\n"
\ No newline at end of file
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/statementcache.c python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/statementcache.c
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/statementcache.c	2022-07-30 07:56:36.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/statementcache.c	2022-11-25 06:27:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -31,7 +31,13 @@
    A copy of the query has to be kept around for doing equality
    comparisons when looking in the cache.  But sqlite also keeps a
    copy of the query, so we try to use that if possible.
-    */
+*/
+
+typedef struct APSWStatementOptions
+{
+  int can_cache;     /* are we allowed to cache this statement */
+  int prepare_flags; /* sqlite3_prepare_v3 flags */
+} APSWStatementOptions;
 
 typedef struct APSWStatement
 {
@@ -40,8 +46,10 @@
   const char *utf8;            /* pointer to the utf8 */
   Py_ssize_t utf8_size;        /* length of the utf8 in bytes */
   Py_ssize_t query_size;       /* how many bytes of utf8 constitute the first query
-                                  (the utf8 could have more than one) */
+                                  (the utf8 could have more than one query) */
   Py_hash_t hash;              /* hash of all of utf8 */
+  APSWStatementOptions options;
+  unsigned uses; /* how many times the prepared statement has been (re)used */
 } APSWStatement;
 
 typedef struct StatementCache
@@ -52,6 +60,13 @@
   unsigned highest_used;  /* largest entry we have used - no point scanning beyond */
   unsigned maxentries;    /* maximum number of entries */
   unsigned next_eviction; /* which entry is evicted next */
+  /* stats tracking */
+  unsigned evictions; /* how many there have been */
+  unsigned no_cache;  /* can cache was false */
+  unsigned hits;      /* found in cache */
+  unsigned misses;    /* not found in cache */
+  unsigned no_vdbe;   /* no bytecode emitted */
+  unsigned too_big;   /* query was bigger than SC_MAX_ITEM_SIZE */
 } StatementCache;
 
 /* we don't bother caching larger than this many bytes */
@@ -114,7 +129,10 @@
     if (sc->next_eviction == sc->maxentries)
       sc->next_eviction = 0;
     if (evictee)
+    {
       statementcache_free_statement(sc, evictee);
+      sc->evictions++;
+    }
   }
   else
   {
@@ -125,16 +143,17 @@
 }
 
 static int
-statementcache_prepare_internal(StatementCache *sc, const char *utf8, Py_ssize_t utf8size, PyObject *query, APSWStatement **statement_out)
+statementcache_prepare_internal(StatementCache *sc, const char *utf8, Py_ssize_t utf8size, PyObject *query, APSWStatement **statement_out, APSWStatementOptions *options)
 {
   Py_hash_t hash = SC_SENTINEL_HASH;
   APSWStatement *statement = NULL;
   const char *tail = NULL;
+  const char *orig_tail = NULL;
   sqlite3_stmt *vdbestatement = NULL;
   int res = SQLITE_OK;
 
   *statement_out = NULL;
-  if (sc->maxentries && utf8size < SC_MAX_ITEM_SIZE)
+  if (sc->maxentries && utf8size < SC_MAX_ITEM_SIZE && options->can_cache)
   {
     unsigned i;
 #ifdef PYPY_VERSION
@@ -144,7 +163,7 @@
 #endif
     for (i = 0; i <= sc->highest_used; i++)
     {
-      if (sc->hashes[i] == hash && sc->caches[i]->utf8_size == utf8size && 0 == memcmp(utf8, sc->caches[i]->utf8, utf8size))
+      if (sc->hashes[i] == hash && sc->caches[i]->utf8_size == utf8size && 0 == memcmp(utf8, sc->caches[i]->utf8, utf8size) && 0 == memcmp(&sc->caches[i]->options, options, sizeof(APSWStatementOptions)))
       {
         /* cache hit */
         sc->hashes[i] = SC_SENTINEL_HASH;
@@ -160,6 +179,8 @@
           return res;
         }
         *statement_out = statement;
+        statement->uses++;
+        sc->hits++;
         assert(res == SQLITE_OK);
         return res;
       }
@@ -181,7 +202,7 @@
 
   assert(0 == utf8[utf8size]);
   /* note that prepare can return ok while a python level occurred that couldn't be reported */
-  PYSQLITE_SC_CALL(res = sqlite3_prepare_v2(sc->db, utf8, utf8size + 1, &vdbestatement, &tail));
+  PYSQLITE_SC_CALL(res = sqlite3_prepare_v3(sc->db, utf8, utf8size + 1, options->prepare_flags, &vdbestatement, &tail));
   if (!*tail && tail - utf8 < utf8size)
     PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "null character in query");
   if (res != SQLITE_OK || PyErr_Occurred())
@@ -191,6 +212,12 @@
     return res ? res : SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
 
+  orig_tail = tail;
+
+  /* skip whitespace and semis in tail */
+  while (*tail && (*tail == ' ' || *tail == '\t' || *tail == ';' || *tail == '\r' || *tail == '\n'))
+    tail++;
+
   /* comments and some pragmas result in no vdbe, which we shouldn't
      cache either */
   if (!vdbestatement)
@@ -212,14 +239,23 @@
     }
   }
 
+  sc->misses++;
+  if (!options->can_cache)
+    sc->no_cache++;
+  else if (utf8size >= SC_MAX_ITEM_SIZE)
+    sc->too_big++;
+
   statement->hash = hash;
   statement->vdbestatement = vdbestatement;
   statement->query_size = tail - utf8;
   statement->utf8_size = utf8size;
+  statement->uses = 1;
+  memcpy(&statement->options, options, sizeof(APSWStatementOptions));
 
-  if (!statementcache_hasmore(statement))
+  if (tail == orig_tail && !statementcache_hasmore(statement))
   {
-    /* no subsequent queries, so use sqlite's copy of the utf8 */
+    /* no subsequent queries, so use sqlite's copy of the utf8
+       providing we didn't grab additional whitespace */
     statement->utf8 = sqlite3_sql(vdbestatement); /* No PYSQLITE_CALL needed as the function does not take a mutex */
     statement->query = NULL;
   }
@@ -231,23 +267,26 @@
     Py_INCREF(query);
   }
   *statement_out = statement;
+  if (!vdbestatement)
+    sc->no_vdbe++;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 static APSWStatement *
-statementcache_prepare(StatementCache *sc, PyObject *query)
+statementcache_prepare(StatementCache *sc, PyObject *query, APSWStatementOptions *options)
 {
   const char *utf8 = NULL;
   Py_ssize_t utf8size = 0;
   APSWStatement *statement = NULL;
   int res;
 
+  assert(options->can_cache == 0 || options->can_cache == 1);
   assert(PyUnicode_Check(query));
   utf8 = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(query, &utf8size);
   if (!utf8)
     return NULL;
 
-  res = statementcache_prepare_internal(sc, utf8, utf8size, query, &statement);
+  res = statementcache_prepare_internal(sc, utf8, utf8size, query, &statement, options);
   assert((res == SQLITE_OK && statement && !PyErr_Occurred()) || (res != SQLITE_OK && !statement));
   if (res)
     SET_EXC(res, sc->db);
@@ -266,7 +305,7 @@
   assert(statementcache_hasmore(old));
 
   /* we have to prepare the new one ... */
-  res = statementcache_prepare_internal(sc, old->utf8 + old->query_size, old->utf8_size - old->query_size, old->query, &new);
+  res = statementcache_prepare_internal(sc, old->utf8 + old->query_size, old->utf8_size - old->query_size, old->query, &new, &old->options);
   assert((res == SQLITE_OK && new) || (res != SQLITE_OK && !new));
 
   /* ... before finalizing the old */
@@ -307,14 +346,12 @@
 statementcache_init(sqlite3 *db, unsigned size)
 {
   StatementCache *res;
-  APSW_FAULT_INJECT(StatementCacheAllocFails, res = (StatementCache *)PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(StatementCache)), res = NULL);
+  APSW_FAULT_INJECT(StatementCacheAllocFails, res = (StatementCache *)PyMem_Calloc(1, sizeof(StatementCache)), res = NULL);
   if (res)
   {
     res->hashes = size ? PyMem_Calloc(size, sizeof(Py_hash_t)) : 0;
     res->caches = size ? PyMem_Calloc(size, sizeof(APSWStatement *)) : 0;
-    res->highest_used = 0;
     res->maxentries = size;
-    res->next_eviction = 0;
     res->db = db;
     if (res->hashes)
     {
@@ -332,6 +369,67 @@
   return res;
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+statementcache_stats(StatementCache *sc, int include_entries)
+{
+  /* Update the table of explanations in Connection_cache_stats if you
+     update this */
+  PyObject *res = NULL, *entries = NULL, *entry = NULL;
+
+  APSW_FAULT_INJECT(SCStatsBuildFail,
+                    res = Py_BuildValue("{s: I, s: I, s: I, s: I, s: I, s: I, s: I, s: I, s: I}",
+                                        "size", sc->maxentries,
+                                        "evictions", sc->evictions,
+                                        "no_cache", sc->no_cache,
+                                        "hits", sc->hits,
+                                        "no_vdbe", sc->no_vdbe,
+                                        "misses", sc->misses,
+                                        "too_big", sc->too_big,
+                                        "no_cache", sc->no_cache,
+                                        "max_cacheable_bytes", SC_MAX_ITEM_SIZE),
+                    PyErr_NoMemory());
+  if (res && include_entries)
+  {
+    int pycres;
+    APSW_FAULT_INJECT(SCStatsListFail, entries = PyList_New(0), entries = PyErr_NoMemory());
+    if (!entries)
+      goto fail;
+
+    unsigned i;
+    for (i = 0; sc->hashes && i <= sc->highest_used; i++)
+    {
+      if (sc->hashes[i] != SC_SENTINEL_HASH)
+      {
+        APSWStatement *stmt = sc->caches[i];
+        APSW_FAULT_INJECT(SCStatsEntryBuildFail,
+                          entry = Py_BuildValue("{s: s#, s: O, s: i, s: I}",
+                                                "query", stmt->utf8, stmt->query_size,
+                                                "has_more", (stmt->query_size == stmt->utf8_size) ? Py_False : Py_True,
+                                                "prepare_flags", stmt->options.prepare_flags,
+                                                "uses", stmt->uses),
+                          entry = PyErr_NoMemory());
+        if (!entry)
+          goto fail;
+        APSW_FAULT_INJECT(SCStatsAppendFail, pycres = PyList_Append(entries, entry), (PyErr_NoMemory(), pycres = -1));
+        if (pycres)
+          goto fail;
+        Py_CLEAR(entry);
+      }
+    }
+    APSW_FAULT_INJECT(SCStatsEntriesSetFail, pycres = PyDict_SetItemString(res, "entries", entries), (PyErr_NoMemory(), pycres = -1));
+    if (pycres)
+      goto fail;
+    Py_DECREF(entries);
+  }
+  return res;
+
+fail:
+  Py_XDECREF(entries);
+  Py_XDECREF(res);
+  Py_XDECREF(entry);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
 #ifdef APSW_TESTFIXTURES
 static void
 statementcache_fini(void)
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/traceback.c python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/traceback.c
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/traceback.c	2022-07-30 07:56:36.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/traceback.c	2022-11-25 06:27:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -35,10 +35,8 @@
   /* this will only happen due to error in Py_BuildValue, usually
      because NULL was passed to O (PyObject*) format */
   assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
-  if (localsformat)
-    assert(localsformat[0] == '{');
-  if (localargs)
-    assert(PyDict_Check(localargs));
+  assert(!localsformat || localsformat[0] == '{');
+  assert(!localargs || PyDict_Check(localargs));
 
   /* make the dummy code object */
   code = PyCode_NewEmpty(filename, functionname, lineno);
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/types.py python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/types.py
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/types.py	2022-07-28 14:09:56.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/types.py	2022-11-27 06:14:28.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,25 +1,33 @@
 
+import sys
+
 from typing import Union, Tuple, List, Optional, Callable, Any, Dict, \
         Iterator, Sequence, Literal, Set
-from array import array
-from types import TracebackType
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+import array
+import types
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+        from typing import Protocol
 
 SQLiteValue = Union[None, int, float, bytes, str]
 """SQLite supports 5 types - None (NULL), 64 bit signed int, 64 bit
-float, bytes, and unicode text"""
+float, bytes, and str (unicode text)"""
 
 SQLiteValues = Union[Tuple[()], Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...]]
 "A sequence of zero or more SQLiteValue"
 
-Bindings = Union[Sequence[Union[SQLiteValue, zeroblob]], Dict[str, Union[SQLiteValue, zeroblob]]]
+Bindings = Union[Sequence[Union[SQLiteValue, zeroblob]], Mapping[str, Union[SQLiteValue, zeroblob]]]
 """Query bindings are either a sequence of SQLiteValue, or a dict mapping names
-to SQLiteValues.  You can also provide zeroblob in Bindings."""
+to SQLiteValues.  You can also provide zeroblob in Bindings. You can use
+dict subclasses or any type registered with :class:`collections.abc.Mapping`
+for named bindings"""
 
 # Neither TypeVar nor ParamSpec work, when either should
 AggregateT = Any
 "An object provided as first parameter of step and final aggregate functions"
 
-AggregateStep = Union[
+AggregateStep = Union [
         Callable[[AggregateT], None],
         Callable[[AggregateT, SQLiteValue], None],
         Callable[[AggregateT, SQLiteValue, SQLiteValue], None],
@@ -37,7 +45,7 @@
 """Called each time for the start of a new calculation using an aggregate function,
 returning an object, a step function and a final function"""
 
-ScalarProtocol = Union[
+ScalarProtocol = Union [
         Callable[[], SQLiteValue],
         Callable[[SQLiteValue], SQLiteValue],
         Callable[[SQLiteValue, SQLiteValue], SQLiteValue],
@@ -59,3 +67,10 @@
 """Execution tracers are called with the cursor, sql query text, and the bindings
 used.  Return False/None to abort execution, or True to continue"""
 
+Authorizer = Callable[[int, Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[str]], int]
+"""Authorizers are called with an operation code and 4 strings (which could be None) depending
+on the operatation.  Return SQLITE_OK, SQLITE_DENY, or SQLITE_IGNORE"""
+
+CommitHook = Callable[[], bool]
+"""Commit hook is called with no arguments and should return True to abort the commit and False
+to let it continue"""
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/util.c python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/util.c
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/util.c	2022-07-30 07:56:36.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/util.c	2022-11-25 06:27:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@
     return PyFloat_FromDouble(sqlite3_value_double(value));
 
   case SQLITE_TEXT:
+    assert(sqlite3_value_text(value));
     return PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize((const char *)sqlite3_value_text(value), sqlite3_value_bytes(value));
 
   case SQLITE_NULL:
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/vfs.c python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/vfs.c
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/vfs.c	2022-07-30 07:56:36.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/vfs.c	2022-11-25 06:27:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 Virtual File System (VFS)
 *************************
 
-SQLite 3.6 has new `VFS functionality
+SQLite 3.6 added `VFS functionality
 <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs.html>`_ which defines the interface
 between the SQLite core and the underlying operating system. The
 majority of the functionality deals with files. APSW exposes this
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 change behaviour of.  If you want to just change how file operations
 are done then you have to override :meth:`VFS.xOpen` to return a file
 instance that has your overridden :class:`VFSFile` methods.  The
-:ref:`example <example-vfs>` demonstrates obfuscating the database
+:ref:`example <example_vfs>` demonstrates obfuscating the database
 file contents.
 
 .. note::
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 exception will be translated into the appropriate SQLite error code
 for SQLite. To return a specific SQLite error code use
 :meth:`exceptionfor`.  If the exception does not map to any specific
-error code then :const:`SQLITE_ERROR` which corresponds to
+error code then *SQLITE_ERROR* which corresponds to
 :exc:`SQLError` is returned to SQLite.
 
 The SQLite code that deals with VFS errors behaves in varying
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 |                                              |                                | :meth:`VFSFile.excepthook` is called with   |
 |                                              |                                | ZeroDivision exception                      |
 +----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
-|                                              | :const:`SQLITE_ERROR` (closest |                                             |
+|                                              | *SQLITE_ERROR* (closest        |                                             |
 |                                              | matching SQLite error code) is |                                             |
 |                                              | returned to SQLite by APSW     |                                             |
 +----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
 |                                              |                                | them.                                       |
 +----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
 |                                              | SQLite returns                 |                                             |
-|                                              | :const:`SQLITE_FULL` to APSW   |                                             |
+|                                              | *SQLITE_FULL* to APSW          |                                             |
 +----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
 | APSW returns :class:`apsw.FullError`         |                                |                                             |
 +----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
 
 */
 
-/** .. method:: excepthook(etype: type[BaseException], evalue: BaseException, etraceback: Optional[TracebackType]) -> Any
+/** .. method:: excepthook(etype: type[BaseException], evalue: BaseException, etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) -> Any
 
     Called when there has been an exception in a :class:`VFS` routine.
     The default implementation passes args to ``sys.excepthook`` and if that
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@
 
     Delete the named file. If the file is missing then raise an
     :exc:`IOError` exception with extendedresult
-    :const:`SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT`
+    *SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT*
 
     :param filename: File to delete
 
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@
     This method should return a new file object based on name.  You
     can return a :class:`VFSFile` from a completely different VFS.
 
-    :param name: File to open.  Note that *name* may be :const:`None` in which
+    :param name: File to open.  Note that *name* may be *None* in which
         case you should open a temporary file with a name of your
         choosing.  May be an instance of :class:`URIFilename`.
 
@@ -590,10 +590,10 @@
       outputflags]``.  Each integer is one or more of the `open flags
       <https://sqlite.org/c3ref/c_open_autoproxy.html>`_ binary orred
       together.  The ``inputflags`` tells you what SQLite wants.  For
-      example :const:`SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE` means the file should
+      example *SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE* means the file should
       be automatically deleted when closed.  The ``outputflags``
       describes how you actually did open the file.  For example if you
-      opened it read only then :const:`SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY` should be
+      opened it read only then *SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY* should be
       set.
 
 
@@ -1603,7 +1603,7 @@
         this value then SQLite will not `be able to open it
         <https://sqlite.org/src/tktview/c060923a5422590b3734eb92eae0c94934895b68>`__.
 
-    :raises ValueError: If *base* is not :const:`None` and the named vfs is not
+    :raises ValueError: If *base* is not *None* and the named vfs is not
       currently registered.
 
     -* sqlite3_vfs_register sqlite3_vfs_find
@@ -1743,7 +1743,7 @@
         0,                                                                      /*tp_setattro*/
         0,                                                                      /*tp_as_buffer*/
         Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG, /*tp_flags*/
-        VFS_init_DOC,                                                           /* tp_doc */
+        VFS_class_DOC,                                                          /* tp_doc */
         0,                                                                      /* tp_traverse */
         0,                                                                      /* tp_clear */
         0,                                                                      /* tp_richcompare */
@@ -1784,7 +1784,7 @@
        operating systems.
 */
 
-/** .. method:: excepthook(etype: type[BaseException], evalue: BaseException, etraceback: Optional[TracebackType]) ->None
+/** .. method:: excepthook(etype: type[BaseException], evalue: BaseException, etraceback: Optional[types.TracebackType]) ->None
 
     Called when there has been an exception in a :class:`VFSFile`
     routine.  The default implementation calls ``sys.excepthook`` and
@@ -2803,7 +2803,7 @@
         0,                                                                      /*tp_setattro*/
         0,                                                                      /*tp_as_buffer*/
         Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG, /*tp_flags*/
-        VFSFile_init_DOC,                                                       /* tp_doc */
+        VFSFile_class_DOC,                                                      /* tp_doc */
         0,                                                                      /* tp_traverse */
         0,                                                                      /* tp_clear */
         0,                                                                      /* tp_richcompare */
@@ -2837,7 +2837,7 @@
     SQLite uses a convoluted method of storing `uri parameters
     <https://sqlite.org/uri.html>`__ after the filename binding the
     C filename representation and parameters together.  This class
-    encapsulates that binding.  The :ref:`example <example-vfs>` shows
+    encapsulates that binding.  The :ref:`example <example_vfs>` shows
     usage of this class.
 
     Your :meth:`VFS.xOpen` method will generally be passed one of
@@ -2958,7 +2958,7 @@
         0,                                                                      /*tp_setattro*/
         0,                                                                      /*tp_as_buffer*/
         Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG, /*tp_flags*/
-        URIFilename_init_DOC,                                                   /* tp_doc */
+        URIFilename_class_DOC,                                                  /* tp_doc */
         0,                                                                      /* tp_traverse */
         0,                                                                      /* tp_clear */
         0,                                                                      /* tp_richcompare */
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/vtable.c python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/vtable.c
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/src/vtable.c	2022-07-30 07:56:36.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/src/vtable.c	2022-11-25 06:27:04.000000000 +0000
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 level, they are just one set of methods. At the Python/APSW level,
 they are split over the 3 types of object. The leading **x** is
 omitted in Python. You can return SQLite error codes (eg
-:const:`SQLITE_READONLY`) by raising the appropriate exceptions (eg
+*SQLITE_READONLY*) by raising the appropriate exceptions (eg
 :exc:`ReadOnlyError`).  :meth:`exceptionfor` is a useful helper
 function to do the mapping.
 
@@ -50,9 +50,10 @@
 
 .. note::
 
-  There is no actual *VTModule* class - it is just shown this way
-  for documentation convenience.  Your module instance should implement
-  all the methods documented here.
+  There is no actual *VTModule* class - it is shown this way for
+  documentation convenience and is present as a `typing protocol
+  <https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol>`__.
+  Your module instance should implement all the methods documented here.
 
 A module instance is used to create the virtual tables.  Once you have
 a module object, you register it with a connection by calling
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@
   con.createmodule("modulename", mymod)
 
   # tell SQLite about the table
-  con.cursor().execute("create VIRTUAL table tablename USING modulename('arg1', 2)")
+  con.execute("create VIRTUAL table tablename USING modulename('arg1', 2)")
 
 The create step is to tell SQLite about the existence of the table.
 Any number of tables referring to the same module can be made this
@@ -197,7 +198,7 @@
   return res;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: Connect(connection, modulename, databasename, tablename, *args)  -> [ sql string, table object ]
+/** .. method:: Connect(connection: Connection, modulename: str, databasename: str, tablename: str, *args: Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...])  -> Tuple[str, VTTable]
 
     The parameters and return are identical to
     :meth:`~VTModule.Create`.  This method is called
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@
   return apswvtabCreateOrConnect(db, pAux, argc, argv, pVTab, errmsg, 0);
 }
 
-/** .. method:: Create(connection, modulename, databasename, tablename, *args)  -> [ sql string, table object ]
+/** .. method:: Create(connection: Connection, modulename: str, databasename: str, tablename: str, *args: Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...])  -> Tuple[str, VTTable]
 
    Called when a table is first created on a :class:`connection
    <Connection>`.
@@ -266,10 +267,10 @@
 
   .. note::
 
-    There is no actual *VTTable* class - it is just shown this way for
-    documentation convenience.  Your table instance should implement
-    the methods documented here.
-
+    There is no actual *VTTable* class - it is shown this way for
+    documentation convenience and is present as a `typing protocol
+    <https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol>`__.
+    Your table instance should implement the methods documented here.
 
   The :class:`VTTable` object contains knowledge of the indices, makes
   cursors and can perform transactions.
@@ -366,13 +367,13 @@
   return sqliteres;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: Destroy()
+/** .. method:: Destroy() -> None
 
   The opposite of :meth:`VTModule.Create`.  This method is called when
   the table is no longer used.  Note that you must always release
   resources even if you intend to return an error, as it will not be
-  called again on error.  SQLite may also :cvstrac:`leak memory
-  <2099>` if you return an error.
+  called again on error.  SQLite may also leak memory
+  if you return an error.
 */
 
 static int
@@ -381,7 +382,7 @@
   return apswvtabDestroyOrDisconnect(pVTab, 0);
 }
 
-/** .. method:: Disconnect()
+/** .. method:: Disconnect() -> None
 
   The opposite of :meth:`VTModule.Connect`.  This method is called when
   a reference to a virtual table is no longer used, but :meth:`VTTable.Destroy` will
@@ -394,10 +395,10 @@
   return apswvtabDestroyOrDisconnect(pVTab, 1);
 }
 
-/** .. method:: BestIndex(constraints, orderbys)
+/** .. method:: BestIndex(constraints: Sequence[Tuple[int, int], ...], orderbys: Sequence[Tuple[int, int], ...]) -> Any
 
   This is a complex method. To get going initially, just return
-  :const:`None` and you will be fine. Implementing this method reduces
+  *None* and you will be fine. Implementing this method reduces
   the number of rows scanned in your table to satisfy queries, but
   only if you have an index or index like mechanism available.
 
@@ -823,25 +824,25 @@
   return sqliteres;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: Begin()
+/** .. method:: Begin() -> None
 
   This function is used as part of transactions.  You do not have to
   provide the method.
 */
 
-/** .. method:: Sync()
+/** .. method:: Sync() -> None
 
   This function is used as part of transactions.  You do not have to
   provide the method.
 */
 
-/** .. method:: Commit()
+/** .. method:: Commit() -> None
 
   This function is used as part of transactions.  You do not have to
   provide the method.
 */
 
-/** .. method:: Rollback()
+/** .. method:: Rollback() -> None
 
   This function is used as part of transactions.  You do not have to
   provide the method.
@@ -913,7 +914,7 @@
   return apswvtabTransactionMethod(pVtab, 3);
 }
 
-/** .. method:: Open()
+/** .. method:: Open() -> VTCursor
 
   Returns a :class:`cursor <VTCursor>` object.
 */
@@ -959,24 +960,24 @@
   return sqliteres;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: UpdateDeleteRow(rowid)
+/** .. method:: UpdateDeleteRow(rowid: int)
 
   Delete the row with the specified *rowid*.
 
   :param rowid: 64 bit integer
 */
-/** .. method:: UpdateInsertRow(rowid, fields)  -> newrowid
+/** .. method:: UpdateInsertRow(rowid: Optional[int], fields: Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...])  -> Optional[int]
 
   Insert a row with the specified *rowid*.
 
-  :param rowid: :const:`None` if you should choose the rowid yourself, else a 64 bit integer
+  :param rowid: *None* if you should choose the rowid yourself, else a 64 bit integer
   :param fields: A tuple of values the same length and order as columns in your table
 
-  :returns: If *rowid* was :const:`None` then return the id you assigned
-    to the row.  If *rowid* was not :const:`None` then the return value
+  :returns: If *rowid* was *None* then return the id you assigned
+    to the row.  If *rowid* was not *None* then the return value
     is ignored.
 */
-/** .. method:: UpdateChangeRow(row, newrowid, fields)
+/** .. method:: UpdateChangeRow(row: int, newrowid: int, fields: Tuple[SQLiteValue, ...])
 
   Change an existing row.  You may also need to change the rowid - for example if the query was
   ``UPDATE table SET rowid=rowid+100 WHERE ...``
@@ -1107,7 +1108,7 @@
   return sqliteres;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: FindFunction(name, nargs)
+/** .. method:: FindFunction(name: str, nargs: int)
 
   Called to find if the virtual table has its own implementation of a
   particular scalar function. You should return the function if you
@@ -1184,7 +1185,7 @@
   return sqliteres;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: Rename(newname)
+/** .. method:: Rename(newname: str) -> None
 
   Notification that the table will be given a new name. If you return
   without raising an exception, then SQLite renames the table (you
@@ -1224,24 +1225,27 @@
 
 /** .. class:: VTCursor
 
+.. note::
 
- .. note::
-
-    There is no actual *VTCursor* class - it is just shown this
-    way for documentation convenience.  Your cursor instance should
-    implement all the methods documented here.
+  There is no actual *VTCursor* class - it is shown this way for
+  documentation convenience and is present as a `typing protocol
+  <https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Protocol>`__.
+  Your cursor instance should implement all the methods documented
+  here.
 
 
-  The :class:`VTCursor` object is used for iterating over a table.
-  There may be many cursors simultaneously so each one needs to keep
-  track of where it is.
+The :class:`VTCursor` object is used for iterating over a table.
+There may be many cursors simultaneously so each one needs to keep
+track of where      :ref:`Virtual table structure <vtablestructure>`
+it is.
 
-  .. seealso::
+.. seealso::
 
      :ref:`Virtual table structure <vtablestructure>`
+
 */
 
-/** .. method:: Filter(indexnum, indexname, constraintargs)
+/** .. method:: Filter(indexnum: int, indexname: str, constraintargs: Optional[Tuple]) -> None
 
   This method is always called first to initialize an iteration to the
   first row of the table. The arguments come from the
@@ -1339,7 +1343,7 @@
   return sqliteres;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: Column(number)
+/** .. method:: Column(number: int) -> SQLiteValue
 
   Requests the value of the specified column *number* of the current
   row.  If *number* is -1 then return the rowid.
@@ -1381,7 +1385,7 @@
   return sqliteres;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: Next()
+/** .. method:: Next() -> None
 
   Move the cursor to the next row.  Do not have an exception if there
   is no next row.  Instead return False when :meth:`~VTCursor.Eof` is
@@ -1419,7 +1423,7 @@
   return sqliteres;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: Close()
+/** .. method:: Close() -> None
 
   This is the destructor for the cursor. Note that you must
   cleanup. The method will not be called again if you raise an
@@ -1455,7 +1459,7 @@
   return sqliteres;
 }
 
-/** .. method:: Rowid() -> 64 bit integer
+/** .. method:: Rowid() -> int
 
   Return the current rowid.
 */
@@ -1524,10 +1528,6 @@
 Troubleshooting virtual tables
 ==============================
 
-Virtual Tables are a relatively recent addition to SQLite and haven't
-been widely used yet. They do work well if all your routines work
-perfectly.
-
 A big help is using the local variables recipe as described in
 :ref:`augmented stack traces <augmentedstacktraces>` which will give
 you more details in errors, and shows an example with the complex
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/tests.py python-apsw-3.40.0.0/tests.py
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/tests.py	2022-07-30 07:56:36.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/tests.py	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,8762 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-# See the accompanying LICENSE file.
-
-import apsw
-import sys
-import os
-import warnings
-import platform
-
-
-def print_version_info():
-    print("                Python ", sys.executable, sys.version_info)
-    print("Testing with APSW file ", apsw.__file__)
-    print("          APSW version ", apsw.apswversion())
-    print("    SQLite lib version ", apsw.sqlitelibversion())
-    print("SQLite headers version ", apsw.SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER)
-    print("    Using amalgamation ", apsw.using_amalgamation)
-
-
-# sigh
-iswindows = sys.platform in ('win32', )
-
-# prefix for test files (eg if you want it on tmpfs)
-TESTFILEPREFIX = os.environ.get("APSWTESTPREFIX", "")
-
-
-def read_whole_file(name, mode, encoding=None):
-    if "t" in mode and not encoding:
-        encoding="utf8"
-    if encoding:
-        f = open(name, mode, encoding=encoding)
-    else:
-        f = open(name, mode)
-    try:
-        return f.read()
-    finally:
-        f.close()
-
-
-# If two is present then one is encoding
-def write_whole_file(name, mode, data, *, encoding=None):
-    if "t" in mode and not encoding:
-        encoding="utf8"
-    if encoding:
-        f = open(name, mode, encoding=encoding)
-    else:
-        f = open(name, mode)
-    try:
-        f.write(data)
-    finally:
-        f.close()
-
-
-# unittest stuff from here on
-
-import unittest
-import math
-import random
-import time
-import threading
-import glob
-import pickle
-import shutil
-import getpass
-import queue
-import traceback
-import re
-import gc
-try:
-    import ctypes
-    import _ctypes
-except:
-    ctypes = None
-    _ctypes = None
-
-# yay
-is64bit = ctypes and ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_size_t) >= 8
-
-# Make next switch between the iterator and fetchone alternately
-_realnext = next
-_nextcounter = 0
-
-
-def next(cursor, *args):
-    global _nextcounter
-    _nextcounter += 1
-    if _nextcounter % 2:
-        return _realnext(cursor, *args)
-    res = cursor.fetchone()
-    if res is None:
-        if args:
-            return args[0]
-        return None
-    return res
-
-
-# py3 has a useless sys.excepthook mainly to avoid allocating any
-# memory as the exception could have been running out of memory.  So
-# we use our own which is also valuable on py2 as it says it is an
-# unraiseable exception (with testcode you sometimes can't tell if it
-# is unittest showing you an exception or the unraiseable).  It is
-# mainly VFS code that needs to raise these.
-def ehook(etype, evalue, etraceback):
-    sys.stderr.write("Unraiseable exception " + str(etype) + ":" + str(evalue) + "\n")
-    traceback.print_tb(etraceback)
-
-
-sys.excepthook = ehook
-
-
-# helper functions
-def randomintegers(howmany):
-    for i in range(howmany):
-        yield (random.randint(0, 9999999999), )
-
-
-def randomstring(length):
-    l = list("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789")
-    while len(l) < length:
-        l.extend(l)
-    l = l[:length]
-    random.shuffle(l)
-    return "".join(l)
-
-
-# An instance of this class is used to get the -1 return value to the
-# C api PyObject_IsTrue
-class BadIsTrue(int):
-    def __bool__(self):
-        1 / 0
-
-
-# helper class - runs code in a separate thread
-class ThreadRunner(threading.Thread):
-    def __init__(self, callable, *args, **kwargs):
-        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
-        self.daemon - True
-        self.callable = callable
-        self.args = args
-        self.kwargs = kwargs
-        self.q = queue.Queue()
-        self.started = False
-
-    def start(self):
-        if not self.started:
-            self.started = True
-            threading.Thread.start(self)
-
-    def go(self):
-        self.start()
-        t, res = self.q.get()
-        if t:  # result
-            return res
-        else:  # exception
-            raise res[1].with_traceback(res[2])
-
-    def run(self):
-        try:
-            self.q.put((True, self.callable(*self.args, **self.kwargs)))
-        except:
-            self.q.put((False, sys.exc_info()))
-
-
-# Windows doesn't allow files that are open to be deleted.  Even after
-# we close them, tagalongs such as virus scanners, tortoisesvn etc can
-# keep them open.  But the good news is that we can rename a file that
-# is in use.  This background thread does the background deletions of the
-# renamed files
-def bgdel():
-    q = bgdelq
-    while True:
-        name = q.get()
-        while os.path.exists(name):
-            try:
-                if os.path.isfile(name):
-                    os.remove(name)
-                else:
-                    shutil.rmtree(name)
-            except:
-                pass
-            if os.path.exists(name):
-                time.sleep(0.1)
-
-
-bgdelq = queue.Queue()
-bgdelthread = threading.Thread(target=bgdel)
-bgdelthread.daemon = True
-bgdelthread.start()
-
-
-def deletefile(name):
-    try:
-        os.remove(name)
-    except:
-        pass
-    l = list("abcdefghijklmn")
-    random.shuffle(l)
-    newname = name + "-n-" + "".join(l)
-    count = 0
-    while os.path.exists(name):
-        count += 1
-        try:
-            os.rename(name, newname)
-        except:
-            if count > 30:  # 3 seconds we have been at this!
-                # So give up and give it a stupid name.  The sooner
-                # this so called operating system withers into obscurity
-                # the better
-                n = list("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")
-                random.shuffle(n)
-                n = "".join(n)
-                try:
-                    os.rename(name, "windowssucks-" + n + ".deletememanually")
-                except:
-                    pass
-                break
-            # Make windows happy
-            time.sleep(0.1)
-            gc.collect()
-    if os.path.exists(newname):
-        bgdelq.put(newname)
-        # Give bg thread a chance to run
-        time.sleep(0.1)
-
-
-# Monkey patching FTW
-if not hasattr(unittest.TestCase, "assertTrue"):
-    unittest.TestCase.assertTrue = unittest.TestCase.assert_
-
-openflags = apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_URI
-
-
-# main test class/code
-class APSW(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    connection_nargs={ # number of args for function.  those not listed take zero
-        'createaggregatefunction': 2,
-        'createcollation': 2,
-        'createscalarfunction': 3,
-        'collationneeded': 1,
-        'setauthorizer': 1,
-        'setbusyhandler': 1,
-        'setbusytimeout': 1,
-        'setcommithook': 1,
-        'setprofile': 1,
-        'setrollbackhook': 1,
-        'setupdatehook': 1,
-        'setprogresshandler': 2,
-        'enableloadextension': 1,
-        'createmodule': 2,
-        'filecontrol': 3,
-        'setexectrace': 1,
-        'setrowtrace': 1,
-        '__enter__': 0,
-        '__exit__': 3,
-        'backup': 3,
-        'wal_autocheckpoint': 1,
-        'setwalhook': 1,
-        'readonly': 1,
-        'db_filename': 1,
-        'set_last_insert_rowid': 1,
-        'serialize': 1,
-        'deserialize': 2,
-        'autovacuum_pages': 1,
-        }
-
-    cursor_nargs = {
-        'execute': 1,
-        'executemany': 2,
-        'setexectrace': 1,
-        'setrowtrace': 1,
-    }
-
-    blob_nargs = {'write': 1, 'read': 1, 'readinto': 1, 'reopen': 1, 'seek': 2}
-
-    def deltempfiles(self):
-        for name in ("testdb", "testdb2", "testdb3", "testfile", "testfile2", "testdb2x", "test-shell-1",
-                     "test-shell-1.py", "test-shell-in", "test-shell-out", "test-shell-err"):
-            for i in "-shm", "-wal", "-journal", "":
-                if os.path.exists(TESTFILEPREFIX + name + i):
-                    deletefile(TESTFILEPREFIX + name + i)
-
-    saved_connection_hooks = []
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        # clean out database and journals from last runs
-        self.saved_connection_hooks.append(apsw.connection_hooks)
-        gc.collect()
-        self.deltempfiles()
-        self.db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", flags=openflags)
-        self.warnings_filters = warnings.filters
-
-    def tearDown(self):
-        if self.db is not None:
-            self.db.close(True)
-        del self.db
-        apsw.connection_hooks = self.saved_connection_hooks.pop()  # back to original value
-        gc.collect()
-        self.deltempfiles()
-        warnings.filters = self.warnings_filters
-        getattr(warnings, "_filters_mutated", lambda: True)()
-
-    def suppressWarning(self, name):
-        if hasattr(__builtins__, name):
-            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", getattr(__builtins__, name))
-
-    def assertRaisesRegexCompat(self, etype, pattern, func, *args):
-        self.assertRaises(etype, func)
-
-    def assertTableExists(self, tablename):
-        self.assertEqual(next(self.db.cursor().execute("select count(*) from [" + tablename + "]"))[0], 0)
-
-    def assertTableNotExists(self, tablename):
-        # you get SQLError if the table doesn't exist!
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.db.cursor().execute, "select count(*) from [" + tablename + "]")
-
-    def assertTablesEqual(self, dbl, left, dbr, right):
-        # Ensure tables have the same contents.  Rowids can be
-        # different and select gives unordered results so this is
-        # quite challenging
-        l = dbl.cursor()
-        r = dbr.cursor()
-        # check same number of rows
-        lcount = l.execute("select count(*) from [" + left + "]").fetchall()[0][0]
-        rcount = r.execute("select count(*) from [" + right + "]").fetchall()[0][0]
-        self.assertEqual(lcount, rcount)
-        # check same number and names and order for columns
-        lnames = [row[1] for row in l.execute("pragma table_info([" + left + "])")]
-        rnames = [row[1] for row in r.execute("pragma table_info([" + left + "])")]
-        self.assertEqual(lnames, rnames)
-        # read in contents, sort and compare
-        lcontents = l.execute("select * from [" + left + "]").fetchall()
-        rcontents = r.execute("select * from [" + right + "]").fetchall()
-        lcontents.sort(key=lambda x: repr(x))
-        rcontents.sort(key=lambda x: repr(x))
-        self.assertEqual(lcontents, rcontents)
-
-    def assertRaisesUnraisable(self, exc, func, *args, **kwargs):
-        return self.baseAssertRaisesUnraisable(True, exc, func, args, kwargs)
-
-    def assertMayRaiseUnraisable(self, exc, func, *args, **kwargs):
-        """Like assertRaisesUnraiseable but no exception may be raised.
-
-        If one is raised, it must have the expected type.
-        """
-        return self.baseAssertRaisesUnraisable(False, exc, func, args, kwargs)
-
-    def baseAssertRaisesUnraisable(self, must_raise, exc, func, args, kwargs):
-        orig = sys.excepthook, getattr(sys, "unraisablehook", None)
-        try:
-            called = []
-
-            def ehook(*args):
-                if len(args) == 1:
-                    t = args[0].exc_type
-                    v = args[0].exc_value
-                    tb = args[0].exc_traceback
-                else:
-                    t, v, tb = args
-                called.append((t, v, tb))
-
-            sys.excepthook = sys.unraisablehook = ehook
-
-            try:
-                try:
-                    return func(*args, **kwargs)
-                except:
-                    # This ensures frames have their local variables
-                    # cleared before we put the original excepthook
-                    # back.  Clearing the variables results in some
-                    # more SQLite operations which also can raise
-                    # unraisables.  traceback.clear_frames was
-                    # introduced in Python 3.4 and unittest was
-                    # updated to call it in assertRaises.  See issue
-                    # 164
-                    if hasattr(traceback, "clear_frames"):
-                        traceback.clear_frames(sys.exc_info()[2])
-                    raise
-            finally:
-                if must_raise and len(called) < 1:
-                    self.fail("Call %s(*%s, **%s) did not do any unraiseable" % (func, args, kwargs))
-                if len(called):
-                    self.assertEqual(exc, called[0][0])  # check it was the correct type
-        finally:
-            sys.excepthook, sys.unraisablehook = orig
-
-    def testSanity(self):
-        "Check all parts compiled and are present"
-        # check some error codes etc are present - picked first middle and last from lists in code
-        apsw.SQLError
-        apsw.MisuseError
-        apsw.NotADBError
-        apsw.ThreadingViolationError
-        apsw.BindingsError
-        apsw.ExecTraceAbort
-        apsw.SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT
-        apsw.mapping_file_control["SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT"] == apsw.SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT
-        apsw.URIFilename
-        apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE  # ticket 289
-        self.assertTrue(len(apsw.sqlite3_sourceid()) > 10)
-
-    def testModuleExposed(self):
-        "Check what is exposed and usage"
-        for name in "Connection", "Cursor", "Blob", "Backup", "zeroblob", "VFS", "VFSFile", "URIFilename":
-            self.assertTrue(hasattr(apsw, name), "expected name apsw." + name)
-
-        for name in "Blob", "Backup":
-            self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "cannot create .* instances", getattr(apsw, name))
-
-    def testConnection(self):
-        "Test connection opening"
-        # bad keyword arg
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.Connection, ":memory:", user="nobody")
-        # wrong types
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.Connection, 3)
-        # bad file (cwd)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.CantOpenError, apsw.Connection, ".")
-        # bad open flags can't be tested as sqlite accepts them all - ticket #3037
-        # self.assertRaises(apsw.CantOpenError, apsw.Connection, "<non-existent-file>", flags=65535)
-
-        # bad vfs
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.Connection, "foo", vfs=3, flags=-1)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, apsw.Connection, "foo", vfs="jhjkds")
-
-    def testConnectionFileControl(self):
-        "Verify sqlite3_file_control"
-        # Note that testVFS deals with success cases and the actual vfs backend
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.filecontrol, 1, 2)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.filecontrol, "main", 1001, "foo")
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, self.db.filecontrol, "main", 1001, 45236748972389749283)
-        self.assertEqual(self.db.filecontrol("main", 1001, 25), False)
-
-    def testConnectionConfig(self):
-        "Test Connection.config function"
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.config)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.config, "three")
-        x = 0x7fffffff
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, self.db.config, x * x * x * x * x)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.db.config, 82397)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.config, apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY, "banana")
-        for i in apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY, apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER, apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG:
-            self.assertEqual(1, self.db.config(i, 1))
-            self.assertEqual(1, self.db.config(i, -1))
-            self.assertEqual(0, self.db.config(i, 0))
-
-    def testConnectionNames(self):
-        "Test Connection.db_names"
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.db_names, 3)
-        expected = ["main", "temp"]
-        self.assertEqual(expected, self.db.db_names())
-        for t in "", APSW.wikipedia_text:
-            self.db.cursor().execute(f"attach '{ self.db.db_filename('main') }' as '{ t }'")
-            expected.append(t)
-        self.assertEqual(expected, self.db.db_names())
-        while True:
-            t = f"{ expected[-1] }-{ len(expected) }"
-            try:
-                self.db.cursor().execute(f"attach '{ self.db.db_filename('main') }' as '{ t }'")
-            except apsw.SQLError:
-                # SQLError: too many attached databases - max ....
-                break
-            expected.append(t)
-        self.assertEqual(expected, self.db.db_names())
-        while len(expected)>2:
-            i =random.randint(2, len(expected)-1)
-            self.db.cursor().execute(f"detach '{ expected[i] }'")
-            del expected[i]
-            self.assertEqual(expected, self.db.db_names())
-
-
-    def testMemoryLeaks(self):
-        "MemoryLeaks: Run with a memory profiler such as valgrind and debug Python"
-        # make and toss away a bunch of db objects, cursors, functions etc - if you use memory profiling then
-        # simple memory leaks will show up
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table foo(x)")
-        vals = [[1], [None], [math.pi], ["kjkljkljl"], [u"\u1234\u345432432423423kjgjklhdfgkjhsdfjkghdfjskh"],
-                [b"78696ghgjhgjhkgjkhgjhg\xfe\xdf"]]
-        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", vals)
-        for i in range(MEMLEAKITERATIONS):
-            db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-            db.createaggregatefunction("aggfunc", lambda x: x)
-            db.createscalarfunction("scalarfunc", lambda x: x)
-            db.setbusyhandler(lambda x: False)
-            db.setbusytimeout(1000)
-            db.setcommithook(lambda x=1: 0)
-            db.setrollbackhook(lambda x=2: 1)
-            db.setupdatehook(lambda x=3: 2)
-            db.setwalhook(lambda *args: 0)
-            db.collationneeded(lambda x: 4)
-
-            def rt1(c, r):
-                db.setrowtrace(rt2)
-                return r
-
-            def rt2(c, r):
-                c.setrowtrace(rt1)
-                return r
-
-            def et1(c, s, b):
-                db.setexectrace(et2)
-                return True
-
-            def et2(c, s, b):
-                c.setexectrace(et1)
-                return True
-
-            for i in range(120):
-                c2 = db.cursor()
-                c2.setrowtrace(rt1)
-                c2.setexectrace(et1)
-                for row in c2.execute("select * from foo" + " " * i):  # spaces on end defeat statement cache
-                    pass
-            del c2
-            db.close()
-
-    def testBindings(self):
-        "Check bindings work correctly"
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table foo(x,y,z)")
-        vals = (
-            ("(?,?,?)", (1, 2, 3)),
-            ("(?,?,?)", [1, 2, 3]),
-            ("(?,?,?)", range(1, 4)),
-            ("(:a,$b,:c)", {
-                'a': 1,
-                'b': 2,
-                'c': 3
-            }),
-            ("(1,?,3)", (2, )),
-            ("(1,$a,$c)", {
-                'a': 2,
-                'b': 99,
-                'c': 3
-            }),
-            # some unicode fun
-            (u"($\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX},:\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE},$\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS})",
-             (1, 2, 3)),
-            (u"($\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX},:\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE},$\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS})",
-             {
-                 u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX}": 1,
-                 u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE}": 2,
-                 u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS}": 3,
-             }))
-
-        for str, bindings in vals:
-            c.execute("insert into foo values" + str, bindings)
-            self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select * from foo")), (1, 2, 3))
-            c.execute("delete from foo")
-
-        # currently missing dict keys come out as null
-        c.execute("insert into foo values(:a,:b,$c)", {'a': 1, 'c': 3})  # 'b' deliberately missing
-        self.assertEqual((1, None, 3), next(c.execute("select * from foo")))
-        c.execute("delete from foo")
-
-        # these ones should cause errors
-        vals = (
-            (apsw.BindingsError, "(?,?,?)", (1, 2)),  # too few
-            (apsw.BindingsError, "(?,?,?)", (1, 2, 3, 4)),  # too many
-            (apsw.BindingsError, "(?,?,?)", None),  # none at all
-            (apsw.BindingsError, "(?,?,?)", {
-                'a': 1
-            }),  # ? type, dict bindings (note that the reverse will work since all
-            # named bindings are also implicitly numbered
-            (TypeError, "(?,?,?)", 2),  # not a dict or sequence
-            (TypeError, "(:a,:b,:c)", {
-                'a': 1,
-                'b': 2,
-                'c': self
-            }),  # bad type for c
-        )
-        for exc, str, bindings in vals:
-            self.assertRaises(exc, c.execute, "insert into foo values" + str, bindings)
-
-        # with multiple statements
-        c.execute("insert into foo values(?,?,?); insert into foo values(?,?,?)", (99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104))
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.BindingsError, c.execute,
-                          "insert into foo values(?,?,?); insert into foo values(?,?,?); insert some more",
-                          (100, 100, 101, 1000, 103))  # too few
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.BindingsError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(?,?,?); insert into foo values(?,?,?)",
-                          (101, 100, 101, 1000, 103, 104, 105))  # too many
-        # check the relevant statements did or didn't execute as appropriate
-        self.assertEqual(next(self.db.cursor().execute("select count(*) from foo where x=99"))[0], 1)
-        self.assertEqual(next(self.db.cursor().execute("select count(*) from foo where x=102"))[0], 1)
-        self.assertEqual(next(self.db.cursor().execute("select count(*) from foo where x=100"))[0], 1)
-        self.assertEqual(next(self.db.cursor().execute("select count(*) from foo where x=1000"))[0], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(next(self.db.cursor().execute("select count(*) from foo where x=101"))[0], 1)
-        self.assertEqual(next(self.db.cursor().execute("select count(*) from foo where x=105"))[0], 0)
-
-        # check there are some bindings!
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.BindingsError, c.execute, "create table bar(x,y,z);insert into bar values(?,?,?)")
-
-        # across executemany
-        vals = ((1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9))
-        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?,?,?);", vals)
-        for x, y, z in vals:
-            self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select * from foo where x=?", (x, ))), (x, y, z))
-
-        # with an iterator
-        def myvals():
-            for i in range(10):
-                yield {'a': i, 'b': i * 10, 'c': i * 100}
-
-        c.execute("delete from foo")
-        c.executemany("insert into foo values($a,:b,$c)", myvals())
-        c.execute("delete from foo")
-
-        # errors for executemany
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.executemany, "statement", 12, 34, 56)  # incorrect num params
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.executemany, "statement", 12)  # wrong type
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, c.executemany, "syntax error", [(1, )])  # error in prepare
-
-        def myiter():
-            yield 1 / 0
-
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.executemany, "statement", myiter())  # immediate error in iterator
-
-        def myiter():
-            yield self
-
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.executemany, "statement", myiter())  # immediate bad type
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.executemany, "select ?", ((self, ), (1)))  # bad val
-        c.executemany("statement", ())  # empty sequence
-
-        # error in iterator after a while
-        def myvals():
-            for i in range(2):
-                yield {'a': i, 'b': i * 10, 'c': i * 100}
-            1 / 0
-
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.executemany, "insert into foo values($a,:b,$c)", myvals())
-        self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select count(*) from foo"))[0], 2)
-        c.execute("delete from foo")
-
-        # return bad type from iterator after a while
-        def myvals():
-            for i in range(2):
-                yield {'a': i, 'b': i * 10, 'c': i * 100}
-            yield self
-
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.executemany, "insert into foo values($a,:b,$c)", myvals())
-        self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select count(*) from foo"))[0], 2)
-        c.execute("delete from foo")
-
-        # some errors in executemany
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.BindingsError, c.executemany, "insert into foo values(?,?,?)", ((1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 3, 4)))
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.BindingsError, c.executemany, "insert into foo values(?,?,?)", ((1, 2, 3), (1, 2)))
-
-        # incomplete execution across executemany
-        c.executemany("select * from foo; select ?", ((1, ), (2, )))  # we don't read
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.IncompleteExecutionError, c.executemany, "begin")
-
-        # set type (pysqlite error with this)
-        c.execute("create table xxset(x,y,z)")
-        c.execute("insert into xxset values(?,?,?)", set((1, 2, 3)))
-        c.executemany("insert into xxset values(?,?,?)", (set((4, 5, 6)), ))
-        result = [(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6)]
-        for i, v in enumerate(c.execute("select * from xxset order by x")):
-            self.assertEqual(v, result[i])
-
-    def testCursor(self):
-        "Check functionality of the cursor"
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        # shouldn't be able to manually create
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.Cursor)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.Cursor, 3)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.Cursor, c)
-
-        class consub(apsw.Connection):
-            pass
-
-        con2 = consub("")
-        assert isinstance(con2, apsw.Connection) and not type(con2) == apsw.Connection
-        apsw.Cursor(con2)
-
-        # give bad params
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "foo", "bar", "bam")
-
-        # empty statements
-        c.execute("")
-        c.execute(" ;\n\t\r;;")
-
-        # unicode
-        self.assertEqual(3, next(c.execute(u"select 3"))[0])
-
-        # does it work?
-        c.execute("create table foo(x,y,z)")
-        # table should be empty
-        entry = -1
-        for entry, values in enumerate(c.execute("select * from foo")):
-            pass
-        self.assertEqual(entry, -1, "No rows should have been returned")
-        # add ten rows
-        for i in range(10):
-            c.execute("insert into foo values(1,2,3)")
-        for entry, values in enumerate(c.execute("select * from foo")):
-            # check we get back out what we put in
-            self.assertEqual(values, (1, 2, 3))
-        self.assertEqual(entry, 9, "There should have been ten rows")
-        # does getconnection return the right object
-        self.assertTrue(c.getconnection() is self.db)
-        # check getdescription - note column with space in name and [] syntax to quote it
-        cols = (
-            ("x a space", "INTEGER"),
-            ("y", "TEXT"),
-            ("z", "foo"),
-            ("a", "char"),
-            (u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX}\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE}",
-             u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS}\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX}"),
-        )
-        c.execute("drop table foo; create table foo (%s)" % (", ".join(["[%s] %s" % (n, t) for n, t in cols]), ))
-        c.execute("insert into foo([x a space]) values(1)")
-        for row in c.execute("select * from foo"):
-            self.assertEqual(cols, c.getdescription())
-            self.assertEqual(cols, tuple([d[:2] for d in c.description]))
-            self.assertEqual((None, None, None, None, None), c.description[0][2:])
-            self.assertEqual(list(map(len, c.description)), [7] * len(cols))
-        # check description caching isn't broken
-        cols2 = cols[1:4]
-        for row in c.execute("select y,z,a from foo"):
-            self.assertEqual(cols2, c.getdescription())
-            self.assertEqual(cols2, tuple([d[:2] for d in c.description]))
-            self.assertEqual((None, None, None, None, None), c.description[0][2:])
-            self.assertEqual(list(map(len, c.description)), [7] * len(cols2))
-        # execution is complete ...
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.ExecutionCompleteError, c.getdescription)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.ExecutionCompleteError, lambda: c.description)
-        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, lambda xx=0: _realnext(c))
-        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, lambda xx=0: _realnext(c))
-        # fetchone is used throughout, check end behaviour
-        self.assertEqual(None, c.fetchone())
-        self.assertEqual(None, c.fetchone())
-        self.assertEqual(None, c.fetchone())
-        # nulls for getdescription
-        for row in c.execute("pragma user_version"):
-            self.assertEqual(c.getdescription(), (('user_version', None), ))
-        # incomplete
-        c.execute("select * from foo; create table bar(x)")  # we don't bother reading leaving
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.IncompleteExecutionError, c.execute, "select * from foo")  # execution incomplete
-        self.assertTableNotExists("bar")
-        # autocommit
-        self.assertEqual(True, self.db.getautocommit())
-        c.execute("begin immediate")
-        self.assertEqual(False, self.db.getautocommit())
-        # pragma
-        c.execute("pragma user_version")
-        c.execute("pragma pure=nonsense")
-        # error
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, c.execute,
-                          "create table bar(x,y,z); this is a syntax error; create table bam(x,y,z)")
-        self.assertTableExists("bar")
-        self.assertTableNotExists("bam")
-        # fetchall
-        self.assertEqual(c.fetchall(), [])
-        self.assertEqual(c.execute("select 3; select 4").fetchall(), [(3, ), (4, )])
-
-    def testTypes(self):
-        "Check type information is maintained"
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table foo(row,x)")
-
-        vals = test_types_vals
-
-        for i, v in enumerate(vals):
-            c.execute("insert into foo values(?,?)", (i, v))
-
-        # add function to test conversion back as well
-        def snap(*args):
-            return args[0]
-
-        self.db.createscalarfunction("snap", snap)
-
-        # now see what we got out
-        count = 0
-        for row, v, fv in c.execute("select row,x,snap(x) from foo"):
-            count += 1
-            if type(vals[row]) is float:
-                self.assertAlmostEqual(vals[row], v)
-                self.assertAlmostEqual(vals[row], fv)
-            else:
-                self.assertEqual(vals[row], v)
-                self.assertEqual(vals[row], fv)
-        self.assertEqual(count, len(vals))
-
-        # check some out of bounds conditions
-        # integer greater than signed 64 quantity (SQLite only supports up to that)
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(9999,?)", (922337203685477580799, ))
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(9999,?)", (-922337203685477580799, ))
-
-        # not valid types for SQLite
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(9999,?)", (apsw, ))  # a module
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(9999,?)", (type, ))  # type
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(9999,?)", (dir, ))  # function
-
-        # check nothing got inserted
-        self.assertEqual(0, next(c.execute("select count(*) from foo where row=9999"))[0])
-
-    def testFormatSQLValue(self):
-        "Verify text formatting of values"
-        wt = APSW.wikipedia_text
-        vals = (
-            (3, "3"),
-            (3.1, "3.1"),
-            (-3, "-3"),
-            (-3.1, "-3.1"),
-            (9223372036854775807, "9223372036854775807"),
-            (-9223372036854775808, "-9223372036854775808"),
-            (None, "NULL"),
-            ("ABC", "'ABC'"),
-            (u"\N{BLACK STAR} \N{WHITE STAR} \N{LIGHTNING} \N{COMET} ",
-             "'" + u"\N{BLACK STAR} \N{WHITE STAR} \N{LIGHTNING} \N{COMET} " + "'"),
-            (u"\N{BLACK STAR} \N{WHITE STAR} ' \N{LIGHTNING} \N{COMET} ",
-             "'" + u"\N{BLACK STAR} \N{WHITE STAR} '' \N{LIGHTNING} \N{COMET} " + "'"),
-            ("", "''"),
-            ("'", "''''"),
-            ("'a", "'''a'"),
-            ("a'", "'a'''"),
-            ("''", "''''''"),
-            ("'" * 20000, "'" + "'" * 40000 + "'"),
-            ("\0", "''||X'00'||''"),
-            ("\0\0\0", "''||X'00'||''||X'00'||''||X'00'||''"),
-            ("AB\0C", "'AB'||X'00'||'C'"),
-            ("A'B'\0C", "'A''B'''||X'00'||'C'"),
-            ("\0A'B", "''||X'00'||'A''B'"),
-            ("A'B\0", "'A''B'||X'00'||''"),
-            (b"ABDE\0C", "X'414244450043'"),
-            (b"", "X''"),
-            (wt, "'" + wt + "'"),
-            (wt[:77] + "'" + wt[77:], "'" + wt[:77] + "''" + wt[77:] + "'"),
-        )
-        for vin, vout in vals:
-            out = apsw.format_sql_value(vin)
-            self.assertEqual(out, vout)
-        # Errors
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.format_sql_value, apsw)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.format_sql_value)
-
-    def testWAL(self):
-        "Test WAL functions"
-        # note that it is harmless calling wal functions on a db not in wal mode
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.wal_autocheckpoint)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.wal_autocheckpoint, "a strinbg")
-        self.db.wal_autocheckpoint(8912)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.wal_checkpoint, -1)
-        self.db.wal_checkpoint()
-        self.db.wal_checkpoint("main")
-        v = self.db.wal_checkpoint(mode=apsw.SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(v, tuple) and len(v) == 2 and isinstance(v[0], int) and isinstance(v[1], int))
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.MisuseError, self.db.wal_checkpoint, mode=876786)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setwalhook)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setwalhook, 12)
-        self.db.setwalhook(None)
-        # check we can set wal mode
-        self.assertEqual("wal", self.db.cursor().execute("pragma journal_mode=wal").fetchall()[0][0])
-
-        # errors in wal callback
-        def zerodiv(*args):
-            1 / 0
-
-        self.db.setwalhook(zerodiv)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.db.cursor().execute, "create table one(x)")
-        # the error happens after the wal commit so the table should exist
-        self.assertTableExists("one")
-
-        def badreturn(*args):
-            return "three"
-
-        self.db.setwalhook(badreturn)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.cursor().execute, "create table two(x)")
-        self.assertTableExists("two")
-
-        expectdbname = ""
-
-        def walhook(conn, dbname, pages):
-            self.assertTrue(conn is self.db)
-            self.assertTrue(pages > 0)
-            self.assertEqual(dbname, expectdbname)
-            return apsw.SQLITE_OK
-
-        expectdbname = "main"
-        self.db.setwalhook(walhook)
-        self.db.cursor().execute("create table three(x)")
-        self.db.cursor().execute("attach '%stestdb2?psow=0' as fred" % ("file:" + TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
-        self.assertEqual("wal", self.db.cursor().execute("pragma fred.journal_mode=wal").fetchall()[0][0])
-        expectdbname = "fred"
-        self.db.cursor().execute("create table fred.three(x)")
-
-    def testAuthorizer(self):
-        "Verify the authorizer works"
-        retval = apsw.SQLITE_DENY
-
-        def authorizer(operation, paramone, paramtwo, databasename, triggerorview):
-            # we fail creates of tables starting with "private"
-            if operation == apsw.SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE and paramone.startswith("private"):
-                return retval
-            return apsw.SQLITE_OK
-
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        # this should succeed
-        c.execute("create table privateone(x)")
-        # this should fail
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setauthorizer, 12)  # must be callable
-        self.db.setauthorizer(authorizer)
-        for val in apsw.SQLITE_DENY, apsw.SQLITE_DENY, 0x800276889000212112:
-            retval = val
-            if val < 100:
-                self.assertRaises(apsw.AuthError, c.execute, "create table privatetwo(x)")
-            else:
-                self.assertRaises(OverflowError, c.execute, "create table privatetwo(x)")
-        # this should succeed
-        self.db.setauthorizer(None)
-        c.execute("create table privatethree(x)")
-
-        self.assertTableExists("privateone")
-        self.assertTableNotExists("privatetwo")
-        self.assertTableExists("privatethree")
-
-        # error in callback
-        def authorizer(operation, *args):
-            if operation == apsw.SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE:
-                1 / 0
-            return apsw.SQLITE_OK
-
-        self.db.setauthorizer(authorizer)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "create table shouldfail(x)")
-        self.assertTableNotExists("shouldfail")
-
-        # bad return type in callback
-        def authorizer(operation, *args):
-            return "a silly string"
-
-        self.db.setauthorizer(authorizer)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "create table shouldfail(x); select 3+5")
-        self.db.setauthorizer(None)  # otherwise next line will fail!
-        self.assertTableNotExists("shouldfail")
-
-        # back to normal
-        self.db.setauthorizer(None)
-        c.execute("create table shouldsucceed(x)")
-        self.assertTableExists("shouldsucceed")
-
-    def testExecTracing(self):
-        "Verify tracing of executed statements and bindings"
-        self.db.setexectrace(None)
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        cmds = []  # this is maniulated in tracefunc
-
-        def tracefunc(cursor, cmd, bindings):
-            cmds.append((cmd, bindings))
-            return True
-
-        c.execute("create table one(x,y,z)")
-        self.assertEqual(len(cmds), 0)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.setexectrace, 12)  # must be callable
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setexectrace, 12)  # must be callable
-        c.setexectrace(tracefunc)
-        statements = [
-            ("insert into one values(?,?,?)", (1, 2, 3)),
-            ("insert into one values(:a,$b,$c)", {
-                'a': 1,
-                'b': "string",
-                'c': None
-            }),
-        ]
-        for cmd, values in statements:
-            c.execute(cmd, values)
-        self.assertEqual(cmds, statements)
-        self.assertTrue(c.getexectrace() is tracefunc)
-        c.setexectrace(None)
-        self.assertTrue(c.getexectrace() is None)
-        c.execute("create table bar(x,y,z)")
-        # cmds should be unchanged
-        self.assertEqual(cmds, statements)
-        # tracefunc can abort execution
-        count = next(c.execute("select count(*) from one"))[0]
-
-        def tracefunc(cursor, cmd, bindings):
-            return False  # abort
-
-        c.setexectrace(tracefunc)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.ExecTraceAbort, c.execute, "insert into one values(1,2,3)")
-        # table should not have been modified
-        c.setexectrace(None)
-        self.assertEqual(count, next(c.execute("select count(*) from one"))[0])
-
-        # error in tracefunc
-        def tracefunc(cursor, cmd, bindings):
-            1 / 0
-
-        c.setexectrace(tracefunc)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "insert into one values(1,2,3)")
-        c.setexectrace(None)
-        self.assertEqual(count, next(c.execute("select count(*) from one"))[0])
-        # test across executemany and multiple statements
-        counter = [0]
-
-        def tracefunc(cursor, cmd, bindings):
-            counter[0] = counter[0] + 1
-            return True
-
-        c.setexectrace(tracefunc)
-        c.execute(
-            "create table two(x);insert into two values(1); insert into two values(2); insert into two values(?); insert into two values(?)",
-            (3, 4))
-        self.assertEqual(counter[0], 5)
-        counter[0] = 0
-        c.executemany("insert into two values(?); insert into two values(?)", [[n, n + 1] for n in range(5)])
-        self.assertEqual(counter[0], 10)
-        # error in func but only after a while
-        c.execute("delete from two")
-        counter[0] = 0
-
-        def tracefunc(cursor, cmd, bindings):
-            counter[0] = counter[0] + 1
-            if counter[0] > 3:
-                1 / 0
-            return True
-
-        c.setexectrace(tracefunc)
-        self.assertRaises(
-            ZeroDivisionError, c.execute,
-            "insert into two values(1); insert into two values(2); insert into two values(?); insert into two values(?)",
-            (3, 4))
-        self.assertEqual(counter[0], 4)
-        c.setexectrace(None)
-        # check the first statements got executed
-        self.assertEqual(3, next(c.execute("select max(x) from two"))[0])
-
-        # executemany
-        def tracefunc(cursor, cmd, bindings):
-            1 / 0
-
-        c.setexectrace(tracefunc)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.executemany, "select ?", [(1, )])
-        c.setexectrace(None)
-
-        # tracefunc with wrong number of arguments
-        def tracefunc(a, b, c, d, e, f):
-            1 / 0
-
-        c.setexectrace(tracefunc)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "select max(x) from two")
-
-        def tracefunc(*args):
-            return BadIsTrue()
-
-        c.setexectrace(tracefunc)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "select max(x) from two")
-        # connection based tracing
-        self.assertEqual(self.db.getexectrace(), None)
-        traced = [False, False]
-
-        def contrace(*args):
-            traced[0] = True
-            return True
-
-        def curtrace(*args):
-            traced[1] = True
-            return True
-
-        c.setexectrace(curtrace)
-        c.execute("select 3")
-        self.assertEqual(traced, [False, True])
-        traced = [False, False]
-        self.db.setexectrace(contrace)
-        c.execute("select 3")
-        self.assertEqual(traced, [False, True])
-        traced = [False, False]
-        c.setexectrace(None)
-        c.execute("select 3")
-        self.assertEqual(traced, [True, False])
-        traced = [False, False]
-        self.db.cursor().execute("select 3")
-        self.assertEqual(traced, [True, False])
-        self.assertEqual(self.db.getexectrace(), contrace)
-        self.assertEqual(c.getexectrace(), None)
-        self.assertEqual(self.db.cursor().getexectrace(), None)
-        c.setexectrace(curtrace)
-        self.assertEqual(c.getexectrace(), curtrace)
-
-    def testRowTracing(self):
-        "Verify row tracing"
-        self.db.setrowtrace(None)
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table foo(x,y,z)")
-        vals = (1, 2, 3)
-        c.execute("insert into foo values(?,?,?)", vals)
-
-        def tracefunc(cursor, row):
-            return tuple([7 for i in row])
-
-        # should get original row back
-        self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select * from foo")), vals)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.setrowtrace, 12)  # must be callable
-        c.setrowtrace(tracefunc)
-        self.assertTrue(c.getrowtrace() is tracefunc)
-        # all values replaced with 7
-        self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select * from foo")), tuple([7] * len(vals)))
-
-        def tracefunc(cursor, row):
-            return (7, )
-
-        # a single 7
-        c.setrowtrace(tracefunc)
-        self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select * from foo")), (7, ))
-        # no alteration again
-        c.setrowtrace(None)
-        self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select * from foo")), vals)
-
-        # error in function
-        def tracefunc(*result):
-            1 / 0
-
-        c.setrowtrace(tracefunc)
-        try:
-            for row in c.execute("select * from foo"):
-                self.fail("Should have had exception")
-                break
-        except ZeroDivisionError:
-            pass
-        c.setrowtrace(None)
-        self.assertEqual(next(c.execute("select * from foo")), vals)
-        # returning null
-        c.execute("create table bar(x)")
-        c.executemany("insert into bar values(?)", [[x] for x in range(10)])
-        counter = [0]
-
-        def tracefunc(cursor, args):
-            counter[0] = counter[0] + 1
-            if counter[0] % 2:
-                return None
-            return args
-
-        c.setrowtrace(tracefunc)
-        countertoo = 0
-        for row in c.execute("select * from bar"):
-            countertoo += 1
-        c.setrowtrace(None)
-        self.assertEqual(countertoo, 5)  # half the rows should be skipped
-        # connection based
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setrowtrace, 12)
-        self.assertEqual(self.db.getrowtrace(), None)
-        traced = [False, False]
-
-        def contrace(cursor, row):
-            traced[0] = True
-            return row
-
-        def curtrace(cursor, row):
-            traced[1] = True
-            return row
-
-        for row in c.execute("select 3,3"):
-            pass
-        self.assertEqual(traced, [False, False])
-        traced = [False, False]
-        self.db.setrowtrace(contrace)
-        for row in self.db.cursor().execute("select 3,3"):
-            pass
-        self.assertEqual(traced, [True, False])
-        traced = [False, False]
-        c.setrowtrace(curtrace)
-        for row in c.execute("select 3,3"):
-            pass
-        self.assertEqual(traced, [False, True])
-        traced = [False, False]
-        c.setrowtrace(None)
-        for row in c.execute("select 3"):
-            pass
-        self.assertEqual(traced, [True, False])
-        self.assertEqual(self.db.getrowtrace(), contrace)
-
-    def testScalarFunctions(self):
-        "Verify scalar functions"
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-
-        def ilove7(*args):
-            return 7
-
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createscalarfunction, "twelve", 12)  # must be callable
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createscalarfunction, "twelve", 12, 27, 28)  # too many params
-        try:
-            self.db.createscalarfunction("twelve", ilove7, 900)  # too many args
-        except (apsw.SQLError, apsw.MisuseError):
-            # https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3875
-            pass
-        # some unicode fun
-        self.db.createscalarfunction, u"twelve\N{BLACK STAR}", ilove7
-        try:
-            # SQLite happily registers the function, but you can't
-            # call it
-            self.assertEqual(c.execute("select " + u"twelve\N{BLACK STAR}" + "(3)").fetchall(), [[7]])
-        except apsw.SQLError:
-            pass
-
-        self.db.createscalarfunction("seven", ilove7)
-        c.execute("create table foo(x,y,z)")
-        for i in range(10):
-            c.execute("insert into foo values(?,?,?)", (i, i, i))
-        for i in range(10):
-            self.assertEqual((7, ), next(c.execute("select seven(x,y,z) from foo where x=?", (i, ))))
-        # clear func
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, self.db.createscalarfunction, "seven",
-                          None)  # active select above so no funcs can be changed
-        for row in c.execute("select null"):
-            pass  # no active sql now
-        self.db.createscalarfunction("seven", None)
-        # function names are limited to 255 characters - SQLerror is the rather unintuitive error return
-        try:
-            self.db.createscalarfunction("a" * 300, ilove7)
-        except (apsw.SQLError, apsw.MisuseError):
-            pass  # see sqlite ticket #3875
-        # have an error in a function
-        def badfunc(*args):
-            return 1 / 0
-
-        self.db.createscalarfunction("badscalarfunc", badfunc)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "select badscalarfunc(*) from foo")
-        # return non-allowed types
-        for v in ({'a': 'dict'}, ['a', 'list'], self):
-
-            def badtype(*args):
-                return v
-
-            self.db.createscalarfunction("badtype", badtype)
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "select badtype(*) from foo")
-        # return non-unicode string
-        def ilove8bit(*args):
-            return "\x99\xaa\xbb\xcc"
-
-        self.db.createscalarfunction("ilove8bit", ilove8bit)
-
-        # coverage
-        def bad(*args):
-            1 / 0
-
-        self.db.createscalarfunction("bad", bad)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "select bad(3)+bad(4)")
-        # turn a blob into a string to fail python utf8 conversion
-        self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError, c.execute, "select bad(cast (x'fffffcfb9208' as TEXT))")
-
-        # register same named function taking different number of arguments
-        for i in range(-1, 4):
-            self.db.createscalarfunction("multi", lambda *args: len(args), i)
-        gc.collect()
-        for row in c.execute("select multi(), multi(1), multi(1,2), multi(1,2,3), multi(1,2,3,4), multi(1,2,3,4,5)"):
-            self.assertEqual(row, (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5))
-
-        # deterministic flag
-
-        # check error handling
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createscalarfunction, "twelve", deterministic="324")
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createscalarfunction, "twelve", deterministic=324)
-
-        # check it has an effect
-        class Counter:  # on calling returns how many times this instance has been called
-            num_calls = 0
-
-            def __call__(self):
-                self.num_calls += 1
-                return self.num_calls
-
-        self.db.createscalarfunction("deterministic", Counter(), deterministic=True)
-        self.db.createscalarfunction("nondeterministic", Counter(), deterministic=False)
-        self.db.createscalarfunction("unspecdeterministic", Counter())
-
-        # only deterministic can be used for indices
-        c.execute("create table td(a,b); create index tda on td(a) where deterministic()")
-        self.assertEqual(c.execute("select nondeterministic()=nondeterministic()").fetchall()[0][0], 0)
-        self.assertEqual(c.execute("select unspecdeterministic()=unspecdeterministic()").fetchall()[0][0], 0)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, c.execute, "create index tdb on td(b) where nondeterministic()")
-
-    def testAggregateFunctions(self):
-        "Verify aggregate functions"
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table foo(x,y,z)")
-
-        # aggregate function
-        class longest:
-            def __init__(self):
-                self.result = ""
-
-            def step(self, context, *args):
-                for i in args:
-                    if len(str(i)) > len(self.result):
-                        self.result = str(i)
-
-            def final(self, context):
-                return self.result
-
-            def factory():
-                v = longest()
-                return None, v.step, v.final
-
-            factory = staticmethod(factory)
-
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createaggregatefunction, True, True, True,
-                          True)  # wrong number/type of params
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createaggregatefunction, "twelve", 12)  # must be callable
-
-        if "DEBUG" not in apsw.compile_options:
-            # these cause assertion failures in sqlite
-            try:
-                self.db.createaggregatefunction("twelve", longest.factory, 923)  # max args is 127
-            except (apsw.SQLError, apsw.MisuseError):
-                # used to be SQLerror then changed https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3875
-                pass
-            self.db.createaggregatefunction("twelve", None)
-
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createaggregatefunction, u"twelve\N{BLACK STAR}", 12)  # must be ascii
-        self.db.createaggregatefunction("longest", longest.factory)
-
-        vals = (
-            ("kjfhgk", "gkjlfdhgjkhsdfkjg",
-             "gklsdfjgkldfjhnbnvc,mnxb,mnxcv,mbncv,mnbm,ncvx,mbncv,mxnbcv,"),  # last one is deliberately the longest
-            ("gdfklhj", ":gjkhgfdsgfd", "gjkfhgjkhdfkjh"),
-            ("gdfjkhg", "gkjlfd", ""),
-            (1, 2, 30),
-        )
-
-        for v in vals:
-            c.execute("insert into foo values(?,?,?)", v)
-
-        v = next(c.execute("select longest(x,y,z) from foo"))[0]
-        self.assertEqual(v, vals[0][2])
-
-        # SQLite doesn't allow step functions to return an error, so we have to defer to the final
-        def badfactory():
-            def badfunc(*args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def final(*args):
-                self.fail("This should not be executed")
-                return 1
-
-            return None, badfunc, final
-
-        self.db.createaggregatefunction("badfunc", badfactory)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "select badfunc(x) from foo")
-
-        # error in final
-        def badfactory():
-            def badfunc(*args):
-                pass
-
-            def final(*args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            return None, badfunc, final
-
-        self.db.createaggregatefunction("badfunc", badfactory)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "select badfunc(x) from foo")
-
-        # error in step and final
-        def badfactory():
-            def badfunc(*args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def final(*args):
-                raise ImportError()  # zero div from above is what should be returned
-
-            return None, badfunc, final
-
-        self.db.createaggregatefunction("badfunc", badfactory)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "select badfunc(x) from foo")
-
-        # bad return from factory
-        def badfactory():
-            def badfunc(*args):
-                pass
-
-            def final(*args):
-                return 0
-
-            return {}
-
-        self.db.createaggregatefunction("badfunc", badfactory)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "select badfunc(x) from foo")
-
-        # incorrect number of items returned
-        def badfactory():
-            def badfunc(*args):
-                pass
-
-            def final(*args):
-                return 0
-
-            return (None, badfunc, final, badfactory)
-
-        self.db.createaggregatefunction("badfunc", badfactory)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "select badfunc(x) from foo")
-
-        # step not callable
-        def badfactory():
-            def badfunc(*args):
-                pass
-
-            def final(*args):
-                return 0
-
-            return (None, True, final)
-
-        self.db.createaggregatefunction("badfunc", badfactory)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "select badfunc(x) from foo")
-
-        # final not callable
-        def badfactory():
-            def badfunc(*args):
-                pass
-
-            def final(*args):
-                return 0
-
-            return (None, badfunc, True)
-
-        self.db.createaggregatefunction("badfunc", badfactory)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "select badfunc(x) from foo")
-
-        # error in factory method
-        def badfactory():
-            1 / 0
-
-        self.db.createaggregatefunction("badfunc", badfactory)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "select badfunc(x) from foo")
-
-    def testCollation(self):
-        "Verify collations"
-        # create a whole bunch to check they are freed
-        for i in range(1024):
-            self.db.createcollation("x" * i, lambda x, y: i)
-        for ii in range(1024):
-            self.db.createcollation("x" * ii, lambda x, y: ii)
-
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-
-        def strnumcollate(s1, s2):
-            "return -1 if s1<s2, +1 if s1>s2 else 0.  Items are string head and numeric tail"
-            # split values into two parts - the head and the numeric tail
-            values = [s1, s2]
-            for vn, v in enumerate(values):
-                for i in range(len(v), 0, -1):
-                    if v[i - 1] not in "01234567890":
-                        break
-                try:
-                    v = v[:i], int(v[i:])
-                except ValueError:
-                    v = v[:i], None
-                values[vn] = v
-            # compare
-            if values[0] < values[1]:
-                return -1  # return an int
-            if values[0] > values[1]:
-                return 1  # and a long
-            return 0
-
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createcollation, "twelve", strnumcollate, 12)  # wrong # params
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createcollation, "twelve", 12)  # must be callable
-        self.db.createcollation("strnum", strnumcollate)
-        c.execute("create table foo(x)")
-        # adding this unicode in front improves coverage
-        uni = u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX}"
-        vals = (uni + "file1", uni + "file7", uni + "file9", uni + "file17", uni + "file20")
-        valsrev = list(vals)
-        valsrev.reverse()  # put them into table in reverse order
-        valsrev = valsrev[1:] + valsrev[:1]  # except one out of order
-        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", [(x, ) for x in valsrev])
-        for i, row in enumerate(c.execute("select x from foo order by x collate strnum")):
-            self.assertEqual(vals[i], row[0])
-
-        # collation function with an error
-        def collerror(*args):
-            return 1 / 0
-
-        self.db.createcollation("collerror", collerror)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "select x from foo order by x collate collerror")
-
-        # collation function that returns bad value
-        def collerror(*args):
-            return {}
-
-        self.db.createcollation("collbadtype", collerror)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, c.execute, "select x from foo order by x collate collbadtype")
-
-        # get error when registering
-        c.execute("select x from foo order by x collate strnum")  # nb we don't read so cursor is still active
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, self.db.createcollation, "strnum", strnumcollate)
-
-        # unregister
-        for row in c:
-            pass
-        self.db.createcollation("strnum", None)
-        # check it really has gone
-        try:
-            c.execute("select x from foo order by x collate strnum")
-        except apsw.SQLError:
-            pass
-        # check statement still works
-        for _ in c.execute("select x from foo"):
-            pass
-
-        # collation needed testing
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.collationneeded, 12)
-
-        def cn1():
-            pass
-
-        def cn2(x, y):
-            1 / 0
-
-        def cn3(x, y):
-            self.assertTrue(x is self.db)
-            self.assertEqual(y, "strnum")
-            self.db.createcollation("strnum", strnumcollate)
-
-        self.db.collationneeded(cn1)
-        try:
-            for _ in c.execute("select x from foo order by x collate strnum"):
-                pass
-        except TypeError:
-            pass
-        self.db.collationneeded(cn2)
-        try:
-            for _ in c.execute("select x from foo order by x collate strnum"):
-                pass
-        except ZeroDivisionError:
-            pass
-        self.db.collationneeded(cn3)
-        for _ in c.execute("select x from foo order by x collate strnum"):
-            pass
-        self.db.collationneeded(None)
-        self.db.createcollation("strnum", None)
-
-        # check it really has gone
-        try:
-            c.execute("select x from foo order by x collate strnum")
-        except apsw.SQLError:
-            pass
-
-    def testProgressHandler(self):
-        "Verify progress handler"
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        phcalledcount = [0]
-
-        def ph():
-            phcalledcount[0] = phcalledcount[0] + 1
-            return 0
-
-        # make 400 rows of random numbers
-        c.execute("begin ; create table foo(x)")
-        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(400))
-        c.execute("commit")
-
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setprogresshandler, 12)  # must be callable
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setprogresshandler, ph, "foo")  # second param is steps
-        self.db.setprogresshandler(ph, -17)  # SQLite doesn't complain about negative numbers
-        self.db.setprogresshandler(ph, 20)
-        next(c.execute("select max(x) from foo"))
-
-        self.assertNotEqual(phcalledcount[0], 0)
-        saved = phcalledcount[0]
-
-        # put an error in the progress handler
-        def ph():
-            return 1 / 0
-
-        self.db.setprogresshandler(ph, 1)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "update foo set x=-10")
-        self.db.setprogresshandler(None)  # clear ph so next line runs
-        # none should have taken
-        self.assertEqual(0, next(c.execute("select count(*) from foo where x=-10"))[0])
-        # and previous ph should not have been called
-        self.assertEqual(saved, phcalledcount[0])
-
-        def ph():
-            return BadIsTrue()
-
-        self.db.setprogresshandler(ph, 1)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "update foo set x=-10")
-
-    def testChanges(self):
-        "Verify reporting of changes"
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table foo (x);begin")
-        for i in range(100):
-            c.execute("insert into foo values(?)", (i + 1000, ))
-        c.execute("commit")
-        c.execute("update foo set x=0 where x>=1000")
-        self.assertEqual(100, self.db.changes())
-        c.execute("begin")
-        for i in range(100):
-            c.execute("insert into foo values(?)", (i + 1000, ))
-        c.execute("commit")
-        self.assertEqual(300, self.db.totalchanges())
-        if hasattr(apsw, "faultdict"):
-            # check 64 bit conversion works
-            apsw.faultdict["ConnectionChanges64"] = True
-            self.assertEqual(1000000000 * 7 * 3, self.db.changes())
-
-    def testLastInsertRowId(self):
-        "Check last insert row id"
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table foo (x integer primary key)")
-        for i in range(10):
-            c.execute("insert into foo values(?)", (i, ))
-            self.assertEqual(i, self.db.last_insert_rowid())
-        # get a 64 bit value
-        v = 2**40
-        c.execute("insert into foo values(?)", (v, ))
-        self.assertEqual(v, self.db.last_insert_rowid())
-        # try setting it
-        self.assertRaises(
-            TypeError,
-            self.db.set_last_insert_rowid,
-        )
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.set_last_insert_rowid, "3")
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.set_last_insert_rowid, "3", 3)
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, self.db.set_last_insert_rowid, 2**40 * 2**40)
-        for v in -20, 0, 20, 2**32 - 1, -2**32 - 1, 2**60, -2**60:
-            c.execute("insert into foo values(?)", (v - 3, ))
-            self.assertNotEqual(v, self.db.last_insert_rowid())
-            self.db.set_last_insert_rowid(v)
-            self.assertEqual(v, self.db.last_insert_rowid())
-
-    def testComplete(self):
-        "Completeness of SQL statement checking"
-        # the actual underlying routine just checks that there is a semi-colon
-        # at the end, not inside any quotes etc
-        self.assertEqual(False, apsw.complete("select * from"))
-        self.assertEqual(False, apsw.complete("select * from \";\""))
-        self.assertEqual(False, apsw.complete("select * from \";"))
-        self.assertEqual(True, apsw.complete("select * from foo; select *;"))
-        self.assertEqual(False, apsw.complete("select * from foo where x=1"))
-        self.assertEqual(True, apsw.complete("select * from foo;"))
-        self.assertEqual(True, apsw.complete(u"select '\u9494\ua7a7';"))
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.complete, 12)  # wrong type
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.complete)  # not enough args
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.complete, "foo", "bar")  # too many args
-
-    def testBusyHandling(self):
-        "Verify busy handling"
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table foo(x); begin")
-        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(400))
-        c.execute("commit")
-        # verify it is blocked
-        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-        c2 = db2.cursor()
-        c2.execute("begin exclusive")
-        try:
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, c.execute, "begin immediate ; select * from foo")
-        finally:
-            del c2
-            db2.close()
-            del db2
-
-        # close and reopen databases - sqlite will return Busy immediately to a connection
-        # it previously returned busy to
-        del c
-        self.db.close()
-        del self.db
-        self.db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c2 = db2.cursor()
-
-        # Put in busy handler
-        bhcalled = [0]
-
-        def bh(*args):
-            bhcalled[0] = bhcalled[0] + 1
-            if bhcalled[0] == 4:
-                return False
-            return True
-
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, db2.setbusyhandler, 12)  # must be callable
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, db2.setbusytimeout, "12")  # must be int
-        db2.setbusytimeout(
-            -77)  # SQLite doesn't complain about negative numbers, but if it ever does this will catch it
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, db2.setbusytimeout, 77, 88)  # too many args
-        self.db.setbusyhandler(bh)
-
-        c2.execute("begin exclusive")
-
-        try:
-            for row in c.execute("begin immediate ; select * from foo"):
-                self.fail("Transaction wasn't exclusive")
-        except apsw.BusyError:
-            pass
-        self.assertEqual(bhcalled[0], 4)
-
-        # Close and reopen again
-        del c
-        del c2
-        db2.close()
-        self.db.close()
-        del db2
-        del self.db
-        self.db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c2 = db2.cursor()
-
-        # Put in busy timeout
-        TIMEOUT = 3  # seconds, must be integer as sqlite can round down to nearest second anyway
-        c2.execute("begin exclusive")
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setbusyhandler, "foo")
-        self.db.setbusytimeout(int(TIMEOUT * 1000))
-        b4 = time.time()
-        try:
-            c.execute("begin immediate ; select * from foo")
-        except apsw.BusyError:
-            pass
-        after = time.time()
-        took = after - b4
-        # this sometimes fails in virtualized environments due to time
-        # going backwards or not going forwards consistently.
-        if took + 1 < TIMEOUT:
-            print(f"Timeout was { TIMEOUT } seconds but only { took } seconds elapsed!")
-            self.assertTrue(took >= TIMEOUT)
-
-        # check clearing of handler
-        c2.execute("rollback")
-        self.db.setbusyhandler(None)
-        b4 = time.time()
-        c2.execute("begin exclusive")
-        try:
-            c.execute("begin immediate ; select * from foo")
-        except apsw.BusyError:
-            pass
-        after = time.time()
-        self.assertTrue(after - b4 < TIMEOUT)
-
-        # Close and reopen again
-        del c
-        del c2
-        db2.close()
-        self.db.close()
-        del db2
-        del self.db
-        self.db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c2 = db2.cursor()
-
-        # error in busyhandler
-        def bh(*args):
-            1 / 0
-
-        c2.execute("begin exclusive")
-        self.db.setbusyhandler(bh)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "begin immediate ; select * from foo")
-        del c
-        del c2
-        db2.close()
-
-        def bh(*args):
-            return BadIsTrue()
-
-        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c2 = db2.cursor()
-        c2.execute("begin exclusive")
-        self.db.setbusyhandler(bh)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "begin immediate ; select * from foo")
-        del c
-        del c2
-        db2.close()
-
-    def testBusyHandling2(self):
-        "Another busy handling test"
-
-        # Based on an issue in 3.3.10 and before
-        con2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-        cur = self.db.cursor()
-        cur2 = con2.cursor()
-        cur.execute("create table test(x,y)")
-        cur.execute("begin")
-        cur.execute("insert into test values(123,'abc')")
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, cur2.execute, "insert into test values(456, 'def')")
-        cur.execute("commit")
-        self.assertEqual(1, next(cur2.execute("select count(*) from test where x=123"))[0])
-        con2.close()
-
-    def testInterruptHandling(self):
-        "Verify interrupt function"
-        # this is tested by having a user defined function make the interrupt
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table foo(x);begin")
-        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(400))
-        c.execute("commit")
-
-        def ih(*args):
-            self.db.interrupt()
-            return 7
-
-        self.db.createscalarfunction("seven", ih)
-        try:
-            for row in c.execute("select seven(x) from foo"):
-                pass
-        except apsw.InterruptError:
-            pass
-        # ::TODO:: raise the interrupt from another thread
-
-    def testCommitHook(self):
-        "Verify commit hooks"
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table foo(x)")
-        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(10))
-        chcalled = [0]
-
-        def ch():
-            chcalled[0] = chcalled[0] + 1
-            if chcalled[0] == 4:
-                return 1  # abort
-            return 0  # continue
-
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setcommithook, 12)  # not callable
-        self.db.setcommithook(ch)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.ConstraintError, c.executemany, "insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(10))
-        self.assertEqual(4, chcalled[0])
-        self.db.setcommithook(None)
-
-        def ch():
-            chcalled[0] = 99
-            return 1
-
-        self.db.setcommithook(ch)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.ConstraintError, c.executemany, "insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(10))
-        # verify it was the second one that was called
-        self.assertEqual(99, chcalled[0])
-
-        # error in commit hook
-        def ch():
-            return 1 / 0
-
-        self.db.setcommithook(ch)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(?)", (1, ))
-
-        def ch():
-            return BadIsTrue()
-
-        self.db.setcommithook(ch)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(?)", (1, ))
-
-    def testRollbackHook(self):
-        "Verify rollback hooks"
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table foo(x)")
-        rhcalled = [0]
-
-        def rh():
-            rhcalled[0] = rhcalled[0] + 1
-            return 1
-
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setrollbackhook, 12)  # must be callable
-        self.db.setrollbackhook(rh)
-        c.execute("begin ; insert into foo values(10); rollback")
-        self.assertEqual(1, rhcalled[0])
-        self.db.setrollbackhook(None)
-        c.execute("begin ; insert into foo values(10); rollback")
-        self.assertEqual(1, rhcalled[0])
-
-        def rh():
-            1 / 0
-
-        self.db.setrollbackhook(rh)
-        # SQLite doesn't allow reporting an error from a rollback hook, so it will be seen
-        # in the next command (eg the select in this case)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute,
-                          "begin ; insert into foo values(10); rollback; select * from foo")
-        # check cursor still works
-        for row in c.execute("select * from foo"):
-            pass
-
-    def testUpdateHook(self):
-        "Verify update hooks"
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table foo(x integer primary key, y)")
-        uhcalled = []
-
-        def uh(type, databasename, tablename, rowid):
-            uhcalled.append((type, databasename, tablename, rowid))
-
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setupdatehook, 12)  # must be callable
-        self.db.setupdatehook(uh)
-        statements = (
-            ("insert into foo values(3,4)", (apsw.SQLITE_INSERT, 3)),
-            ("insert into foo values(30,40)", (apsw.SQLITE_INSERT, 30)),
-            (
-                "update foo set y=47 where x=3",
-                (apsw.SQLITE_UPDATE, 3),
-            ),
-            (
-                "delete from foo where y=47",
-                (apsw.SQLITE_DELETE, 3),
-            ),
-        )
-        for sql, res in statements:
-            c.execute(sql)
-        results = [(type, "main", "foo", rowid) for sql, (type, rowid) in statements]
-        self.assertEqual(uhcalled, results)
-        self.db.setupdatehook(None)
-        c.execute("insert into foo values(99,99)")
-        self.assertEqual(len(uhcalled), len(statements))  # length should have remained the same
-
-        def uh(*args):
-            1 / 0
-
-        self.db.setupdatehook(uh)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(100,100)")
-        self.db.setupdatehook(None)
-        # improve code coverage
-        c.execute("create table bar(x,y); insert into bar values(1,2); insert into bar values(3,4)")
-
-        def uh(*args):
-            1 / 0
-
-        self.db.setupdatehook(uh)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "insert into foo select * from bar")
-        self.db.setupdatehook(None)
-
-        # check cursor still works
-        c.execute("insert into foo values(1000,1000)")
-        self.assertEqual(1, next(c.execute("select count(*) from foo where x=1000"))[0])
-
-    def testProfile(self):
-        "Verify profiling"
-        # we do the test by looking for the maximum of PROFILESTEPS random
-        # numbers with an index present and without.  The former
-        # should be way quicker.
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table foo(x); begin")
-        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(PROFILESTEPS))
-        profileinfo = []
-
-        def profile(statement, timing):
-            profileinfo.append((statement, timing))
-
-        c.execute("commit; create index foo_x on foo(x)")
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.setprofile, 12)  # must be callable
-        self.db.setprofile(profile)
-        for val1 in c.execute("select max(x) from foo"):
-            pass  # profile is only run when results are exhausted
-        self.db.setprofile(None)
-        c.execute("drop index foo_x")
-        self.db.setprofile(profile)
-        for val2 in c.execute("select max(x) from foo"):
-            pass
-        self.assertEqual(val1, val2)
-        self.assertTrue(len(profileinfo) >= 2)  # see SQLite ticket 2157
-        self.assertEqual(profileinfo[0][0], profileinfo[-1][0])
-        self.assertEqual("select max(x) from foo", profileinfo[0][0])
-        self.assertEqual("select max(x) from foo", profileinfo[-1][0])
-        # the query using the index should take way less time
-        self.assertTrue(profileinfo[0][1] <= profileinfo[-1][1])
-
-        def profile(*args):
-            1 / 0
-
-        self.db.setprofile(profile)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "create table bar(y)")
-        # coverage
-        wasrun = [False]
-
-        def profile(*args):
-            wasrun[0] = True
-
-        def uh(*args):
-            1 / 0
-
-        self.db.setprofile(profile)
-        self.db.setupdatehook(uh)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(3)")
-        self.assertEqual(wasrun[0], False)
-        self.db.setprofile(None)
-        self.db.setupdatehook(None)
-
-    def testThreading(self):
-        "Verify threading behaviour"
-        # We used to require all operations on a connection happen in
-        # the same thread.  Now they can happen in any thread, so we
-        # ensure that inuse errors are detected by doing a long
-        # running operation in one thread.
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table foo(x);begin;")
-        c.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(10000))
-        c.execute("commit")
-
-        vals = {"stop": False, "raised": False}
-
-        def wt():
-            try:
-                while not vals["stop"]:
-                    c.execute("select min(max(x-1+x),min(x-1+x)) from foo")
-            except apsw.ThreadingViolationError:
-                vals["raised"] = True
-                vals["stop"] = True
-
-        t = ThreadRunner(wt)
-        t.start()
-        # ensure thread t has started
-        time.sleep(0.1)
-        b4 = time.time()
-        # try to get a threadingviolation for 30 seconds
-        try:
-            try:
-                while not vals["stop"] and time.time() - b4 < 30:
-                    c.execute("select * from foo")
-            except apsw.ThreadingViolationError:
-                vals["stop"] = True
-                vals["raised"] = True
-        finally:
-            vals["stop"] = True
-        t.go()
-        self.assertEqual(vals["raised"], True)
-
-    def testStringsWithNulls(self):
-        "Verify that strings with nulls in them are handled correctly"
-
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table foo(row,str)")
-        vals = ("a simple string", "a simple string\0with a null", "a string\0with two\0nulls",
-                "or even a \0\0\0\0\0\0sequence\0\0\0\0of them", u"a \u1234 unicode \ufe54 string \u0089",
-                u"a \u1234 unicode \ufe54 string \u0089\0and some text",
-                u"\N{BLACK STAR} \N{WHITE STAR} \N{LIGHTNING} \N{COMET}\0more\0than you\0can handle",
-                u"\N{BLACK STAR} \N{WHITE STAR} \N{LIGHTNING} \N{COMET}\0\0\0\0\0sequences\0\0\0of them")
-
-        vals = vals + (
-            "a simple string\0",
-            u"a \u1234 unicode \ufe54 string \u0089\0",
-        )
-
-        for i, v in enumerate(vals):
-            c.execute("insert into foo values(?,?)", (i, v))
-
-        # add function to test conversion back as well
-        def snap(*args):
-            return args[0]
-
-        self.db.createscalarfunction("snap", snap)
-
-        # now see what we got out
-        count = 0
-        for row, v, fv in c.execute("select row,str,snap(str) from foo"):
-            count += 1
-            self.assertEqual(vals[row], v)
-            self.assertEqual(vals[row], fv)
-        self.assertEqual(count, len(vals))
-
-        # check execute
-        for v in vals:
-            self.assertEqual(v, next(c.execute("select ?", (v, )))[0])
-            # nulls not allowed in main query string, so lets check the other bits (unicode etc)
-            v2 = v.replace("\0", " zero ")
-            self.assertEqual(v2, next(c.execute("select '%s'" % (v2, )))[0])
-
-        # ::TODO:: check collations
-
-    def testSharedCache(self):
-        "Verify setting of shared cache"
-
-        # check parameters - wrong # or type of args
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.enablesharedcache)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.enablesharedcache, "foo")
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.enablesharedcache, True, None)
-
-        # the setting can be changed at almost any time
-        apsw.enablesharedcache(True)
-        apsw.enablesharedcache(False)
-
-    def testSerialize(self):
-        "Verify serialize/deserialize calls"
-        # check param types
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.serialize)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.serialize, "a", "b")
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.serialize, 3)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.deserialize, 3)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.deserialize, "main", "main")
-
-        # SQLite implementation detail: empty db gives back None
-        self.assertEqual(None, self.db.serialize("main"))
-        self.assertEqual(None, self.db.serialize("temp"))
-
-        # SQLite implementation detail: unknown name gives back None instead of error
-        self.assertEqual(None, self.db.serialize("nosuchdbname"))
-
-        # populate with real content
-        self.db.cursor().execute("create table temp.foo(x); insert into temp.foo values(3), (4), (5)")
-        # must have content now
-        self.assertNotEqual(None, self.db.serialize("temp"))
-        self.assertTableNotExists("main.foo")
-        self.db.deserialize("main", self.db.serialize("temp"))
-        # without this renaming, things get confused between identical tables in main and temp
-        self.db.cursor().execute("alter table main.foo rename to bar")
-        self.assertTablesEqual(self.db, "bar", self.db, "foo")
-        # check we can modify deserialized
-        self.db.cursor().execute("insert into bar values(3)")
-        self.db.deserialize("main", self.db.serialize("temp"))
-        self.db.cursor().execute("alter table temp.foo rename to bar")
-        self.assertTablesEqual(self.db, "foo", self.db, "bar")
-        # add a megabyte to table
-        self.db.cursor().execute("insert into foo values(zeroblob(1024024))")
-
-    # A check that various extensions (such as fts3, rtree, icu)
-    # actually work.  We don't know if they were supposed to be
-    # compiled in or not so the assumption is that they aren't.
-    # However setup.py is being run then it sets environment variables
-    # saying the extensions *must* be present if they were enabled.
-    # See https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/55 for what
-    # led to this.
-    def checkOptionalExtension(self, name, testquery):
-        try:
-            present = False
-            apsw.Connection(":memory:").cursor().execute(testquery)
-            present = True
-        except apsw.Error:
-            pass
-        if "APSW_TEST_" + name.upper() in os.environ:
-            self.assertEqual(present, True)
-        return present
-
-    def testFTSExtension(self):
-        "Check FTS extensions (if present)"
-        for v in 3, 4, 5:
-            self.checkFTSExtension(v)
-
-    def checkFTSExtension(self, v):
-        self.db.cursor().execute("drop table if exists foo; drop table if exists test")
-        if not self.checkOptionalExtension("fts" + str(v), "create virtual table foo using fts%d()" % v):
-            return
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        data = {
-            'cake': 'flour, eggs, milk',
-            'bbq ribs': 'ribs, hot sauce',
-            'mayo': 'oil, Eggs',
-            'glue': 'Egg',
-            'salmon': 'Fish',
-            'burger': 'Mechanically recovered meat',
-            # From https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=FtsUsage
-            'broccoli stew': 'broccoli peppers cheese tomatoes',
-            'pumpkin stew': 'pumpkin onions garlic celery',
-            'broccoli pie': 'broccoli cheese onions flour',
-            'pumpkin pie': 'pumpkin sugar flour butter'
-        }
-
-        c.execute("create virtual table test using fts%d(name, ingredients)" % v)
-        c.executemany("insert into test values(?,?)", data.items())
-
-        def check(pattern, expectednames):
-            names = [n[0] for n in c.execute("select name from test where ingredients match ?", (pattern, ))]
-            names.sort()
-            expectednames = list(expectednames)
-            expectednames.sort()
-            self.assertEqual(names, expectednames)
-
-        check('onions cheese', ['broccoli pie'])
-        check('eggs OR oil', ['cake', 'mayo'])
-        check('"pumpkin onions"', ['pumpkin stew'])
-
-    def testRTreeExtension(self):
-        "Check RTree extension if present"
-        if not self.checkOptionalExtension("rtree",
-                                           "create virtual table foo using rtree(one, two, three, four, five)"):
-            return
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        data = (
-            (1, 2, 3, 4),
-            (5.1, 6, 7.2, 8),
-            (1, 4, 9, 12),
-            (77, 77.1, 3, 9),
-        )
-        c.execute("create virtual table test using rtree(ii, x1, x2, y1, y2)")
-        for i, row in enumerate(data):
-            c.execute("insert into test values(?,?,?,?,?)", (i, row[0], row[1], row[2], row[3]))
-
-        def check(pattern, expectedrows):
-            rows = [n[0] for n in c.execute("select ii from test where " + pattern)]
-            rows.sort()
-            expectedrows = list(expectedrows)
-            expectedrows.sort()
-            self.assertEqual(rows, expectedrows)
-
-        check("x1>2 AND x2<7 AND y1>17.2 AND y2<=8", [])
-        check("x1>5 AND x2<=6 AND y1>-11 AND y2<=8", [1])
-
-    def testGeopolyExtenstion(self):
-        "Check geopoly extension if present"
-        if not self.checkOptionalExtension("geopoly", "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE newtab USING geopoly()"):
-            return
-        found = 0
-        for row in self.db.cursor().execute(
-                "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE newtab USING geopoly();"
-                "INSERT INTO newtab(_shape) VALUES('[[0,0],[1,0],[0.5,1],[0,0]]');"
-                "SELECT * FROM newtab WHERE geopoly_overlap(_shape, $1);", ("[[0,0],[1,0],[0.5,1],[0,0]]", )):
-            found += 1
-        self.assertEqual(found, 1)
-
-    def testICUExtension(self):
-        "Check ICU extension if present"
-        if not self.checkOptionalExtension("icu", "select lower('I', 'tr_tr')"):
-            return
-
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-
-        # we compare SQLite standard vs icu
-        def check(text, locale, func="lower", equal=False):
-            q = "select " + func + "(?%s)"
-            sqlite = c.execute(q % ("", ), (text, )).fetchall()
-            icu = c.execute(q % (",'" + locale + "'", ), (text, )).fetchall()
-            if equal:
-                self.assertEqual(sqlite, icu)
-            else:
-                self.assertNotEqual(sqlite, icu)
-
-        check("I", "tr_tr")
-        check("I", "en_us", equal=True)
-
-    def testJSON1Extension(self):
-        if not self.checkOptionalExtension("json1", "select json('{}')"):
-            return
-        # some sanity checks that it is working
-        l = self.db.cursor().execute("select json_array_length('[1,2,3,4]')").fetchall()[0][0]
-        self.assertEqual(l, 4)
-        l = self.db.cursor().execute(
-            """select json_extract('{"a":2,"c":[4,5,{"f":7}]}', '$.c[2].f')""").fetchall()[0][0]
-        self.assertEqual(l, 7)
-
-    def testTracebacks(self):
-        "Verify augmented tracebacks"
-
-        def badfunc(*args):
-            zebra = 3
-            1 / 0
-
-        self.db.createscalarfunction("badfunc", badfunc)
-        try:
-            c = self.db.cursor()
-            c.execute("select badfunc(1,'two',3.14)")
-            self.fail("Exception should have occurred")
-        except ZeroDivisionError:
-            tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
-            frames = []
-            while tb:
-                frames.append(tb.tb_frame)
-                tb=tb.tb_next
-        except:
-            self.fail("Wrong exception type")
-
-        frames.reverse()
-        frame = frames[1]  # frame[0] is badfunc above
-        self.assertTrue(frame.f_code.co_filename.endswith(".c"))
-        self.assertTrue(frame.f_lineno > 100)
-        self.assertTrue(frame.f_code.co_name.endswith("-badfunc"))
-        # check local variables
-        if platform.python_implementation()!="PyPy":
-            l = frame.f_locals
-            self.assertIn("NumberOfArguments", l)
-            self.assertEqual(l["NumberOfArguments"], 3)
-
-    def testLoadExtension(self):
-        "Check loading of extensions"
-        # unicode issues
-        # they need to be enabled first (off by default)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.db.loadextension, LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME)
-        self.assertEqual(self.db.config(apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION, -1), 0)
-        self.db.enableloadextension(False)
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.db.enableloadextension, BadIsTrue())
-        # should still be disabled
-        self.assertEqual(self.db.config(apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION, 0), 0)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.db.loadextension, LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME)
-        self.assertEqual(self.db.config(apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION, 1), 1)
-        self.db.loadextension(LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME)
-        self.assertEqual(self.db.config(apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION, 0), 0)
-        self.db.enableloadextension(True)
-        # make sure it checks args
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.loadextension)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.loadextension, 12)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.loadextension, "foo", 12)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.loadextension, "foo", "bar", 12)
-        self.db.loadextension(LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME)
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        self.assertEqual(1, next(c.execute("select half(2)"))[0])
-        # second entry point hasn't been called yet
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, c.execute, "select doubleup(2)")
-        # load using other entry point
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.db.loadextension, LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME, "doesntexist")
-        self.db.loadextension(LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME, "alternate_sqlite3_extension_init")
-        self.assertEqual(4, next(c.execute("select doubleup(2)"))[0])
-
-    def testMakeSqliteMsgFromException(self):
-        "Test C function that converts exception into SQLite error code"
-
-        class Source:
-            def Create1(self, *args):
-                e = apsw.IOError()
-                e.extendedresult = apsw.SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS
-                raise e
-
-            def Create2(self, *args):
-                e = apsw.IOError()
-                e.extendedresult = (0x80 << 32) + apsw.SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS  # bigger than 32 bits
-                raise e
-
-        self.db.createmodule("foo", Source())
-        for i in "1", "2":
-            Source.Create = getattr(Source, "Create" + i)
-            try:
-                self.db.cursor().execute("create virtual table vt using foo()")
-                1 / 0
-            except:
-                klass, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
-
-            self.assertEqual(klass, apsw.IOError)
-            self.assertTrue(isinstance(value, apsw.IOError))
-            self.assertEqual(value.extendedresult & ((0xffff << 16) | 0xffff), apsw.SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS)
-
-    def testVtables(self):
-        "Test virtual table functionality"
-
-        data = (  # row 0 is headers, column 0 is rowid
-            ("rowid", "name", "number", "item", "description"),
-            (1, "Joe Smith", 1.1, u"\u00f6\u1234", "foo"),
-            (6000000000, "Road Runner", -7.3, u"\u00f6\u1235", "foo"),
-            (77, "Fred", 0, u"\u00f6\u1236", "foo"),
-        )
-
-        dataschema = "create table this_should_be_ignored" + str(data[0][1:])
-        # a query that will get constraints on every column
-        allconstraints = "select rowid,* from foo where rowid>-1000 and name>='A' and number<=12.4 and item>'A' and description=='foo' order by item"
-        allconstraintsl = [
-            (-1, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT),  # rowid >
-            (0, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE),  # name >=
-            (1, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE),  # number <=
-            (2, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT),  # item >
-            (3, apsw.SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ),  # description ==
-        ]
-
-        for i in range(20):
-            self.db.createmodule("x" * i, lambda x: i)
-
-        # If shared cache is enabled then vtable creation is supposed to fail
-        # See https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3144
-        try:
-            apsw.enablesharedcache(True)
-            db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb2")
-            db.createmodule("y", lambda x: 2)
-        finally:
-            apsw.enablesharedcache(False)
-
-        # The testing uses a different module name each time.  SQLite
-        # doc doesn't define the semantics if a 2nd module is
-        # registered with the same name as an existing one and I was
-        # getting coredumps.  It looks like issues inside SQLite.
-
-        cur = self.db.cursor()
-        # should fail since module isn't registered
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, cur.execute, "create virtual table vt using testmod(x,y,z)")
-        # wrong args
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.createmodule, 1, 2, 3)
-        # give a bad object
-        self.db.createmodule("testmod", 12)  # next line fails due to lack of Create method
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, "create virtual table xyzzy using testmod(x,y,z)")
-
-        class Source:
-            def __init__(self, *expectargs):
-                self.expectargs = expectargs
-
-            def Create(self, *args):  # db, modname, dbname, tablename, args
-                if self.expectargs != args[1:]:
-                    raise ValueError("Create arguments are not correct.  Expected " + str(self.expectargs) +
-                                     " but got " + str(args[1:]))
-                1 / 0
-
-            def CreateErrorCode(self, *args):
-                # This makes sure that sqlite error codes happen.  The coverage checker
-                # is what verifies the code actually works.
-                raise apsw.BusyError("foo")
-
-            def CreateUnicodeException(self, *args):
-                raise Exception(
-                    u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX}\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE}\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS}"
-                )
-
-            def CreateBadSchemaType(self, *args):
-                return 12, None
-
-            def CreateBadSchema(self, *args):
-                return "this isn't remotely valid sql", None
-
-            def CreateWrongNumReturns(self, *args):
-                return "way", "too", "many", "items", 3
-
-            def CreateBadSequence(self, *args):
-                class badseq(object):
-                    def __getitem__(self, which):
-                        if which != 0:
-                            1 / 0
-                        return 12
-
-                    def __len__(self):
-                        return 2
-
-                return badseq()
-
-        # check Create does the right thing - we don't include db since it creates a circular reference
-        self.db.createmodule("testmod1", Source("testmod1", "main", "xyzzy", "1", '"one"'))
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, 'create virtual table xyzzy using testmod1(1,"one")')
-        # unicode
-        uni = u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX}\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE}\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS}"
-
-        self.db.createmodule("testmod1dash1", Source("testmod1dash1", "main", uni, "1", '"' + uni + '"'))
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute,
-                          u'create virtual table %s using testmod1dash1(1,"%s")' % (uni, uni))
-        Source.Create = Source.CreateErrorCode
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, cur.execute, 'create virtual table xyzzz using testmod1(2, "two")')
-        Source.Create = Source.CreateUnicodeException
-        self.assertRaises(Exception, cur.execute, 'create virtual table xyzzz using testmod1(2, "two")')
-        Source.Create = Source.CreateBadSchemaType
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, 'create virtual table xyzzz using testmod1(2, "two")')
-        Source.Create = Source.CreateBadSchema
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, cur.execute, 'create virtual table xyzzz2 using testmod1(2, "two")')
-        Source.Create = Source.CreateWrongNumReturns
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, 'create virtual table xyzzz2 using testmod1(2, "two")')
-        Source.Create = Source.CreateBadSequence
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, 'create virtual table xyzzz2 using testmod1(2, "two")')
-
-        # a good version of Source
-        class Source:
-            def Create(self, *args):
-                return dataschema, VTable(list(data))
-
-            Connect = Create
-
-        class VTable:
-
-            # A set of results from bestindex which should all generate TypeError.
-            # Coverage checking will ensure all the code is appropriately tickled
-            badbestindex = (
-                12,
-                (12, ),
-                ((), ),
-                (((), ), ),
-                ((((), ), ), ),
-                (((((), ), ), ), ),
-                ((None, None, None, None, "bad"), ),
-                ((0, None, (0, ), None, None), ),
-                ((("bad", True), None, None, None, None), ),
-                (((0, True), "bad", None, None, None), ),
-                (None, "bad"),
-                [4, (3, True), [2, False], 1, [0]],
-            )
-            numbadbextindex = len(badbestindex)
-
-            def __init__(self, data):
-                self.data = data
-                self.bestindex3val = 0
-
-            def BestIndex1(self, wrong, number, of, arguments):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def BestIndex2(self, *args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def BestIndex3(self, constraints, orderbys):
-                retval = self.badbestindex[self.bestindex3val]
-                self.bestindex3val += 1
-                if self.bestindex3val >= self.numbadbextindex:
-                    self.bestindex3val = 0
-                return retval
-
-            def BestIndex4(self, constraints, orderbys):
-                # this gives ValueError ("bad" is not a float)
-                return (None, 12, u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX}", "anything", "bad")
-
-            def BestIndex5(self, constraints, orderbys):
-                # unicode error
-                return (None, None, "\xde\xad\xbe\xef")
-
-            def BestIndex6(self, constraints, orderbys):
-                return ((0, 1, (2, BadIsTrue()), 3, 4), )
-
-            def BestIndex7(self, constraints, orderbys):
-                return (None, 77, "foo", BadIsTrue(), 99)
-
-            _bestindexreturn = 99
-
-            def BestIndex99(self, constraints, orderbys):
-                cl = list(constraints)
-                cl.sort()
-                assert allconstraintsl == cl
-                assert orderbys == ((2, False), )
-                retval = ([4, (3, True), [2, False], 1, (0, False)], 997, u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX}",
-                          False, 99)[:self._bestindexreturn]
-                return retval
-
-            def BestIndexGood(self, constraints, orderbys):
-                return None
-
-            def BestIndexGood2(self, constraints, orderbys):
-                return []  # empty list is same as None
-
-            def Open(self):
-                return Cursor(self)
-
-            def Open1(self, wrong, number, of, arguments):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Open2(self):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Open3(self):
-                return None
-
-            def Open99(self):
-                return Cursor(self)
-
-            UpdateInsertRow1 = None
-
-            def UpdateInsertRow2(self, too, many, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def UpdateInsertRow3(self, rowid, fields):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def UpdateInsertRow4(self, rowid, fields):
-                assert rowid is None
-                return None
-
-            def UpdateInsertRow5(self, rowid, fields):
-                assert rowid is None
-                return "this is not a number"
-
-            def UpdateInsertRow6(self, rowid, fields):
-                assert rowid is None
-                return -922337203685477580799  # too big
-
-            def UpdateInsertRow7(self, rowid, fields):
-                assert rowid is None
-                return 9223372036854775807  # ok
-
-            def UpdateInsertRow8(self, rowid, fields):
-                assert rowid is not None
-                assert rowid == -12
-                return "this should be ignored since rowid was supplied"
-
-            def UpdateChangeRow1(self, too, many, args, methinks):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def UpdateChangeRow2(self, rowid, newrowid, fields):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def UpdateChangeRow3(self, rowid, newrowid, fields):
-                assert newrowid == rowid
-
-            def UpdateChangeRow4(self, rowid, newrowid, fields):
-                assert newrowid == rowid + 20
-
-            def UpdateDeleteRow1(self, too, many, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def UpdateDeleteRow2(self, rowid):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def UpdateDeleteRow3(self, rowid):
-                assert rowid == 77
-
-            def Disconnect1(self, too, many, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Disconnect2(self):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Disconnect3(self):
-                pass
-
-            def Destroy1(self, too, many, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Destroy2(self):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Destroy3(self):
-                pass
-
-            def Begin1(self, too, many, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Begin2(self):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Begin3(self):
-                pass
-
-            def Sync(self):
-                pass
-
-            def Commit(self):
-                pass
-
-            def Rollback(self):
-                pass
-
-            def Rename1(self, too, many, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Rename2(self, x):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Rename3(self, x):
-                return ["thisshouldbeignored" * 25, [1]]
-
-            def FindFunction1(self, too, many, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def FindFunction2(self, name, nargs):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def FindFunction3(self, name, nargs):
-                return "this isn't a function"
-
-            def FindFunction4(self, name, nargs):
-                if nargs == 2:
-                    return lambda x, y: x + y
-                return None
-
-        class Cursor:
-
-            _bestindexreturn = 99
-
-            def __init__(self, table):
-                self.table = table
-
-            def Filter1(self, toofewargs):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Filter2(self, *args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Filter99(self, idxnum, idxstr, constraintargs):
-                self.pos = 1  # row 0 is headers
-                if self._bestindexreturn == 0:
-                    assert idxnum == 0
-                    assert idxstr == None
-                    assert constraintargs == ()
-                    return
-                if self._bestindexreturn == 1:
-                    assert idxnum == 0
-                    assert idxstr == None
-                    assert constraintargs == ('foo', 'A', 12.4, 'A', -1000)
-                    return
-                if self._bestindexreturn == 2:
-                    assert idxnum == 997
-                    assert idxstr == None
-                    assert constraintargs == ('foo', 'A', 12.4, 'A', -1000)
-                    return
-                # 3 or more
-                assert idxnum == 997
-                assert idxstr == u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX}"
-                assert constraintargs == ('foo', 'A', 12.4, 'A', -1000)
-
-            def Filter(self, *args):
-                self.Filter99(*args)
-                1 / 0
-
-            def FilterGood(self, *args):
-                self.pos = 1  # row 0 is headers
-
-            def Eof1(self, toomany, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Eof2(self):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Eof3(self):
-                return BadIsTrue()
-
-            def Eof99(self):
-                return not (self.pos < len(self.table.data))
-
-            def Rowid1(self, too, many, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Rowid2(self):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Rowid3(self):
-                return "cdrom"
-
-            def Rowid99(self):
-                return self.table.data[self.pos][0]
-
-            def Column1(self):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Column2(self, too, many, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Column3(self, col):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Column4(self, col):
-                return self  # bad type
-
-            def Column99(self, col):
-                return self.table.data[self.pos][col + 1]  # col 0 is row id
-
-            def Close1(self, too, many, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Close2(self):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Close99(self):
-                del self.table  # deliberately break ourselves
-
-            def Next1(self, too, many, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Next2(self):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def Next99(self):
-                self.pos += 1
-
-        # use our more complete version
-        self.db.createmodule("testmod2", Source())
-        cur.execute("create virtual table foo using testmod2(2,two)")
-        # are missing/mangled methods detected correctly?
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, "select rowid,* from foo order by number")
-        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndex1
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, "select rowid,* from foo order by number")
-        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndex2
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, "select rowid,* from foo order by number")
-        # check bestindex results
-        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndex3
-        for i in range(VTable.numbadbextindex):
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndex4
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndex6
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndex7
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-
-        # check varying number of return args from bestindex
-        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndex99
-        for i in range(6):
-            VTable._bestindexreturn = i
-            Cursor._bestindexreturn = i
-            try:
-                cur.execute(" " + allconstraints +
-                            " " * i)  # defeat statement cache - bestindex is called during prepare
-            except ZeroDivisionError:
-                pass
-
-        # error cases ok, return real values and move on to cursor methods
-        del VTable.Open
-        del Cursor.Filter
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)  # missing open
-        VTable.Open = VTable.Open1
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        VTable.Open = VTable.Open2
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        VTable.Open = VTable.Open3
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        VTable.Open = VTable.Open99
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        # put in filter
-        Cursor.Filter = Cursor.Filter1
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        Cursor.Filter = Cursor.Filter2
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        Cursor.Filter = Cursor.Filter99
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        Cursor.Eof = Cursor.Eof1
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        Cursor.Eof = Cursor.Eof2
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        Cursor.Eof = Cursor.Eof3
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        Cursor.Eof = Cursor.Eof99
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        # now onto to rowid
-        Cursor.Rowid = Cursor.Rowid1
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        Cursor.Rowid = Cursor.Rowid2
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        Cursor.Rowid = Cursor.Rowid3
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        Cursor.Rowid = Cursor.Rowid99
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        # column
-        Cursor.Column = Cursor.Column1
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        Cursor.Column = Cursor.Column2
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        Cursor.Column = Cursor.Column3
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        Cursor.Column = Cursor.Column4
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, allconstraints)
-        Cursor.Column = Cursor.Column99
-        try:
-            for row in cur.execute(allconstraints):
-                pass
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
-        # next
-        Cursor.Next = Cursor.Next1
-        try:
-            for row in cur.execute(allconstraints):
-                pass
-        except TypeError:
-            pass
-        Cursor.Next = Cursor.Next2
-        try:
-            for row in cur.execute(allconstraints):
-                pass
-        except ZeroDivisionError:
-            pass
-        Cursor.Next = Cursor.Next99
-        try:
-            for row in cur.execute(allconstraints):
-                pass
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
-        # close
-        Cursor.Close = Cursor.Close1
-        try:
-            for row in cur.execute(allconstraints):
-                pass
-        except TypeError:
-            pass
-        Cursor.Close = Cursor.Close2
-        try:
-            for row in cur.execute(allconstraints):
-                pass
-        except ZeroDivisionError:
-            pass
-        Cursor.Close = Cursor.Close99
-
-        # update (insert)
-        sql = "insert into foo (name, description) values('gunk', 'foo')"
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, sql)
-        VTable.UpdateInsertRow = VTable.UpdateInsertRow1
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, sql)
-        VTable.UpdateInsertRow = VTable.UpdateInsertRow2
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, sql)
-        VTable.UpdateInsertRow = VTable.UpdateInsertRow3
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, sql)
-        VTable.UpdateInsertRow = VTable.UpdateInsertRow4
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, sql)
-        VTable.UpdateInsertRow = VTable.UpdateInsertRow5
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cur.execute, sql)
-        VTable.UpdateInsertRow = VTable.UpdateInsertRow6
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, cur.execute, sql)
-        VTable.UpdateInsertRow = VTable.UpdateInsertRow7
-        cur.execute(sql)
-        self.assertEqual(self.db.last_insert_rowid(), 9223372036854775807)
-        VTable.UpdateInsertRow = VTable.UpdateInsertRow8
-        cur.execute("insert into foo (rowid,name, description) values(-12,'gunk', 'foo')")
-
-        # update (change)
-        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndexGood
-        Cursor.Filter = Cursor.FilterGood
-        sql = "update foo set description=='bar' where description=='foo'"
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, sql)
-        VTable.UpdateChangeRow = VTable.UpdateChangeRow1
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, sql)
-        VTable.UpdateChangeRow = VTable.UpdateChangeRow2
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, sql)
-        VTable.UpdateChangeRow = VTable.UpdateChangeRow3
-        cur.execute(sql)
-        VTable.UpdateChangeRow = VTable.UpdateChangeRow4
-        cur.execute("update foo set rowid=rowid+20 where 1")
-
-        # update (delete)
-        VTable.BestIndex = VTable.BestIndexGood2  # improves code coverage
-        sql = "delete from foo where name=='Fred'"
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, cur.execute, sql)
-        VTable.UpdateDeleteRow = VTable.UpdateDeleteRow1
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, sql)
-        VTable.UpdateDeleteRow = VTable.UpdateDeleteRow2
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, sql)
-        VTable.UpdateDeleteRow = VTable.UpdateDeleteRow3
-        cur.execute(sql)
-
-        # rename
-        sql = "alter table foo rename to bar"
-        VTable.Rename = VTable.Rename1
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, sql)
-        VTable.Rename = VTable.Rename2
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, sql)
-        VTable.Rename = VTable.Rename3
-        # this is to catch memory leaks
-        cur.execute(sql)
-        del VTable.Rename  # method is optional
-        cur.execute("alter table bar rename to foo")  # put things back
-
-        # findfunction
-        # mess with overload function first
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.overloadfunction, 1, 1)
-        # https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3507
-        # self.db.overloadfunction("a"*1024, 1)
-        self.db.overloadfunction("xyz", 2)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, cur.execute, "select xyz(item,description) from foo")
-        VTable.FindFunction = VTable.FindFunction1
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, "select xyz(item,description) from foo ")
-        VTable.FindFunction = VTable.FindFunction2
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, "select xyz(item,description) from foo  ")
-        VTable.FindFunction = VTable.FindFunction3
-        try:
-            for row in cur.execute("select xyz(item,description) from foo   "):
-                pass
-            1 / 0
-        except TypeError:
-            pass
-        # this should work
-        VTable.FindFunction = VTable.FindFunction4
-        for row in cur.execute("select xyz(item,description) from foo    "):
-            pass
-
-        # transaction control
-        # Begin, Sync, Commit and rollback all use the same underlying code
-        sql = "delete from foo where name=='Fred'"
-        VTable.Begin = VTable.Begin1
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, sql)
-        VTable.Begin = VTable.Begin2
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, sql)
-        VTable.Begin = VTable.Begin3
-        cur.execute(sql)
-
-        # disconnect - sqlite ignores any errors
-        db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-        db.createmodule("testmod2", Source())
-        cur2 = db.cursor()
-        for _ in cur2.execute("select * from foo"):
-            pass
-        VTable.Disconnect = VTable.Disconnect1
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, db.close)  # nb close succeeds!
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.CursorClosedError, cur2.execute, "select * from foo")
-        del db
-        db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-        db.createmodule("testmod2", Source())
-        cur2 = db.cursor()
-        for _ in cur2.execute("select * from foo"):
-            pass
-        VTable.Disconnect = VTable.Disconnect2
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, db.close)  # nb close succeeds!
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.CursorClosedError, cur2.execute, "select * from foo")
-        del db
-        db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-        db.createmodule("testmod2", Source())
-        cur2 = db.cursor()
-        for _ in cur2.execute("select * from foo"):
-            pass
-        VTable.Disconnect = VTable.Disconnect3
-        db.close()
-        del db
-
-        # destroy
-        VTable.Destroy = VTable.Destroy1
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.execute, "drop table foo")
-        VTable.Destroy = VTable.Destroy2
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, cur.execute, "drop table foo")
-        VTable.Destroy = VTable.Destroy3
-        cur.execute("drop table foo")
-        self.db.close()
-
-    def testVTableExample(self):
-        "Tests vtable example code"
-
-        # Make sure vtable code actually works by comparing SQLite
-        # results against manually computed results
-
-        def getfiledata(directories):
-            columns = None
-            data = []
-            counter = 1
-            for directory in directories:
-                for f in os.listdir(directory):
-                    if not os.path.isfile(os.path.join(directory, f)):
-                        continue
-                    counter += 1
-                    try:
-                        st = os.stat(os.path.join(directory, f))
-                        if columns is None:
-                            columns = ["rowid", "name", "directory"] + [x for x in dir(st) if x.startswith("st_")]
-                        data.append([counter, f, directory] + [getattr(st, x) for x in columns[3:]])
-                    except OSError:
-                        # we ignore file and permission errors in this example
-                        pass
-            return columns, data
-
-        class Source:
-            def Create(self, db, modulename, dbname, tablename, *args):
-                columns, data = getfiledata([eval(a) for a in args])  # eval strips off layer of quotes
-                schema = "create table foo(" + ','.join(["'%s'" % (x, ) for x in columns[1:]]) + ")"
-                return schema, Table(columns, data)
-
-            Connect = Create
-
-        class Table:
-            def __init__(self, columns, data):
-                self.columns = columns
-                self.data = data
-
-            def BestIndex(self, *args):
-                return None
-
-            def Open(self):
-                return Cursor(self)
-
-            def Disconnect(self):
-                pass
-
-            Destroy = Disconnect
-
-        class Cursor:
-            def __init__(self, table):
-                self.table = table
-
-            def Filter(self, *args):
-                self.pos = 0
-
-            def Eof(self):
-                return self.pos >= len(self.table.data)
-
-            def Rowid(self):
-                return self.table.data[self.pos][0]
-
-            def Column(self, col):
-                return self.table.data[self.pos][1 + col]
-
-            def Next(self):
-                self.pos += 1
-
-            def Close(self):
-                pass
-
-        paths = [x.replace("\\", "/") for x in sys.path if len(x) and os.path.isdir(x)]
-        cols, data = getfiledata(paths)
-        self.db.createmodule("filesource", Source())
-        cur = self.db.cursor()
-        args = ",".join(["'%s'" % (x, ) for x in paths])
-        cur.execute("create virtual table files using filesource(" + args + ")")
-
-        # Find the largest file (SQL)
-        for bigsql in cur.execute("select st_size,name,directory from files order by st_size desc limit 1"):
-            pass
-        # Find the largest (manually)
-        colnum = cols.index("st_size")
-        bigmanual = (0, "", "")
-        for file in data:
-            if file[colnum] > bigmanual[0]:
-                bigmanual = file[colnum], file[1], file[2]
-
-        self.assertEqual(bigsql, bigmanual)
-
-        # Find the oldest file (SQL)
-        for oldestsql in cur.execute("select st_ctime,name,directory from files order by st_ctime limit 1"):
-            pass
-        # Find the oldest (manually)
-        colnum = cols.index("st_ctime")
-        oldestmanual = (99999999999999999, "", "")
-        for file in data:
-            if file[colnum] < oldestmanual[0]:
-                oldestmanual = file[colnum], file[1], file[2]
-
-        self.assertEqual(oldestmanual, oldestsql)
-
-    def testClosingChecks(self):
-        "Check closed connection is correctly detected"
-        cur = self.db.cursor()
-        rowid = next(
-            cur.execute("create table foo(x blob); insert into foo values(zeroblob(98765)); select rowid from foo"))[0]
-        blob = self.db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", rowid, True)
-        blob.close()
-        nargs = self.blob_nargs
-        for func in [x for x in dir(blob) if not x.startswith("__") and not x in ("close", )]:
-            args = ("one", "two", "three")[:nargs.get(func, 0)]
-            try:
-                getattr(blob, func)(*args)
-                self.fail("blob method " + func + " didn't notice that the connection is closed")
-            except ValueError:  # we issue ValueError to be consistent with file objects
-                pass
-
-        self.db.close()
-        nargs = self.connection_nargs
-        tested = 0
-        for func in [x for x in dir(self.db) if x in nargs or (not x.startswith("__") and not x in ("close", ))]:
-            tested += 1
-            args = ("one", "two", "three")[:nargs.get(func, 0)]
-
-            try:
-                # attributes come back as None after a close
-                func = getattr(self.db, func)
-                if func:
-                    func(*args)
-                    self.fail("connection method " + str(func) + " didn't notice that the connection is closed")
-            except apsw.ConnectionClosedError:
-                pass
-        self.assertTrue(tested > len(nargs))
-
-        # do the same thing, but for cursor
-        nargs = self.cursor_nargs
-        tested = 0
-        for func in [x for x in dir(cur) if not x.startswith("__") and not x in ("close", )]:
-            tested += 1
-            args = ("one", "two", "three")[:nargs.get(func, 0)]
-            try:
-                getattr(cur, func)(*args)
-                self.fail("cursor method " + func + " didn't notice that the connection is closed")
-            except apsw.CursorClosedError:
-                pass
-        self.assertTrue(tested >= len(nargs))
-
-    def testClosing(self):
-        "Verify behaviour of close() functions"
-        cur = self.db.cursor()
-        cur.execute("select 3;select 4")
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.IncompleteExecutionError, cur.close)
-        # now force it
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.close, sys)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cur.close, 1, 2, 3)
-        cur.close(True)
-        l = [self.db.cursor() for i in range(1234)]
-        cur = self.db.cursor()
-        cur.execute("select 3; select 4; select 5")
-        l2 = [self.db.cursor() for i in range(1234)]
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.IncompleteExecutionError, self.db.close)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.close, sys)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.close, 1, 2, 3)
-        self.db.close(True)  # force it
-        self.db.close()  # should be fine now
-        # coverage - close cursor after closing db
-        db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-        cur = db.cursor()
-        db.close()
-        cur.close()
-
-    def testLargeObjects(self):
-        "Verify handling of large strings/blobs (>2GB) [requires 64 bit platform]"
-        assert is64bit
-        # For binary/blobs I use an anonymous area slightly larger than 2GB chunk of memory, but don't touch any of it
-        import mmap
-        f = mmap.mmap(-1, 2 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 + 25000)
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table foo(theblob)")
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.TooBigError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(?)", (f, ))
-        c.execute("insert into foo values(?)", ("jkghjk" * 1024, ))
-        b = self.db.blobopen("main", "foo", "theblob", self.db.last_insert_rowid(), True)
-        b.read(1)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, b.write, f)
-
-        def func():
-            return f
-
-        self.db.createscalarfunction("toobig", func)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.TooBigError, c.execute, "select toobig()")
-        f.close()
-        # Other testing by fault injection
-        if not hasattr(apsw, "faultdict"):
-            return
-
-    def testErrorCodes(self):
-        "Verify setting of result codes on error/exception"
-        fname = TESTFILEPREFIX + "gunk-errcode-test"
-        write_whole_file(fname, "wb", b"A" * 8192)
-        db = None
-        try:
-            # The exception could be thrown on either of these lines
-            # depending on several factors
-            db = apsw.Connection(fname)
-            db.cursor().execute("select * from sqlite_master")
-            1 / 0  # should not be reachable
-        except:
-            klass, e, tb = sys.exc_info()
-            self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, apsw.NotADBError))
-            self.assertEqual(e.result, apsw.SQLITE_NOTADB)
-            self.assertEqual(e.extendedresult & 0xff, apsw.SQLITE_NOTADB)
-        if db is not None:
-            db.close(True)
-
-        try:
-            deletefile(fname)
-        except:
-            pass
-
-    def testLimits(self):
-        "Verify setting and getting limits"
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.limit, "apollo", 11)
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table foo(x)")
-        c.execute("insert into foo values(?)", ("x" * 1024, ))
-        old = self.db.limit(apsw.SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH)
-        self.db.limit(apsw.SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH, 1023)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.TooBigError, c.execute, "insert into foo values(?)", ("y" * 1024, ))
-        self.assertEqual(1023, self.db.limit(apsw.SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH, 0))
-        # bug in sqlite - see https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3085
-        if False:
-            c.execute("insert into foo values(?)", ("x" * 1024, ))
-            self.assertEqual(apsw.SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH, self.db.limit(apsw.SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH))
-
-    def testConnectionHooks(self):
-        "Verify connection hooks"
-        del apsw.connection_hooks
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
-        apsw.connection_hooks = sys  # bad type
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-        except TypeError:
-            pass
-        apsw.connection_hooks = ("a", "tuple", "of", "non-callables")
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-        except TypeError:
-            pass
-        apsw.connection_hooks = (dir, lambda x: 1 / 0)
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-        except ZeroDivisionError:
-            pass
-
-        def delit(db):
-            del db
-
-        apsw.connection_hooks = [delit for _ in range(9000)]
-        db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-        db.close()
-        apsw.connection_hooks = [lambda x: x]
-        db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-        db.close()
-
-    def testCompileOptions(self):
-        "Verify getting compile options"
-        # We don't know what the right answers are, so just check
-        # there are more than zero entries.
-        v = apsw.compile_options
-        self.assertEqual(type(v), tuple)
-        self.assertTrue(len(v) > 1)
-
-    def testKeywords(self):
-        "Verify keywords"
-        k = apsw.keywords
-        self.assertTrue("INSERT" in k)
-
-    def testIssue4(self):
-        "Issue 4: Error messages and SQLite ticket 3063"
-        connection = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-        cursor = connection.cursor()
-
-        cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE A_TABLE (ID ABC PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL)")
-        try:
-            cursor.execute("INSERT INTO A_TABLE VALUES (NULL)")
-        except:
-            klass, e, tb = sys.exc_info()
-            assert "A_TABLE.ID" in str(e)
-
-        try:
-            cursor.execute("INSERT INTO A_TABLE VALUES (?)", (None, ))
-        except:
-            klass, e, tb = sys.exc_info()
-            assert "A_TABLE.ID" in str(e)
-
-    def testIssue15(self):
-        "Issue 15: Release GIL during calls to prepare"
-        self.db.cursor().execute("create table foo(x)")
-        self.db.cursor().execute("begin exclusive")
-        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-        db2.setbusytimeout(30000)
-        t = ThreadRunner(db2.cursor().execute, "select * from foo")
-        t.start()
-        time.sleep(1)
-        self.db.cursor().execute("commit")
-        t.go()
-
-    def testIssue19(self):
-        "Issue 19: Incomplete cursor execution"
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table numbers(x)")
-        for i in range(10):
-            c.execute("insert into numbers values(?)", (i, ))
-        c.execute("select * from numbers")
-        next(c)
-        next(c)
-        next(c)
-        self.db.cursor().execute("delete from numbers where x=5")
-        next(c)
-        next(c)
-
-    def testIssue24(self):
-        "Issue 24: Ints and Longs"
-        c = self.db.cursor()
-        for row in c.execute("select 3"):
-            pass
-        self.assertEqual(int, type(row[0]))
-        for row in c.execute("select -2147483647-1"):
-            pass
-        self.assertEqual(int, type(row[0]))
-        for row in c.execute("select 2147483647"):
-            pass
-        self.assertEqual(int, type(row[0]))
-        # Depending on the platform, sizeof(long), 64 bitness etc we
-        # may remain as python type int or type long. Check we are
-        # getting the right numbers no matter what.  This duplicates
-        # testTypes but you can never be too careful.
-        for v in "2147483646", "2147483647", "2147483648", "2147483649", \
-                "21474836460", "21474836470", "21474836480", "21474836490", \
-                "147483646", "147483647", "147483648", "147483649":
-            for neg in ("-", ""):
-                val = c.execute("select " + neg + v).fetchall()[0][0]
-                val = repr(val)
-                if val.endswith("L"):
-                    val = val[:-1]
-                self.assertEqual(val, neg + v)
-
-    def testIssue31(self):
-        "Issue 31: GIL & SQLite mutexes with heavy threading, threadsafe errors from SQLite"
-        randomnumbers = [random.randint(0, 10000) for _ in range(10000)]
-
-        cursor = self.db.cursor()
-        cursor.execute("create table foo(x)")
-        cursor.execute("begin")
-        for num in randomnumbers:
-            cursor.execute("insert into foo values(?)", (num, ))
-        cursor.execute("end")
-
-        self.db.createscalarfunction("timesten", lambda x: x * 10)
-
-        def dostuff(n):
-            # spend n seconds doing stuff to the database
-            c = self.db.cursor()
-            b4 = time.time()
-            while time.time() - b4 < n:
-                i = random.choice(randomnumbers)
-                if i % 5 == 0:
-                    sql = "select timesten(x) from foo where x=%d order by x" % (i, )
-                    c.execute(sql)
-                elif i % 5 == 1:
-                    sql = "select timesten(x) from foo where x=? order by x"
-                    called = 0
-                    for row in self.db.cursor().execute(sql, (i, )):
-                        called += 1
-                        self.assertEqual(row[0], 10 * i)
-                    # same value could be present multiple times
-                    self.assertTrue(called >= 1)
-                elif i % 5 == 2:
-                    try:
-                        self.db.cursor().execute("deliberate syntax error")
-                    except apsw.SQLError:
-                        assert ("deliberate" in str(sys.exc_info()[1]))
-                elif i % 5 == 3:
-                    try:
-                        self.db.cursor().execute("bogus syntax error")
-                    except apsw.SQLError:
-                        assert ("bogus" in str(sys.exc_info()[1]))
-                else:
-                    sql = "select timesten(x) from foo where x=? order by x"
-                    self.db.cursor().execute(sql, (i, ))
-
-        runtime = int(os.getenv("APSW_HEAVY_DURATION")) if os.getenv("APSW_HEAVY_DURATION") else 15
-        threads = [ThreadRunner(dostuff, runtime) for _ in range(20)]
-        for t in threads:
-            t.start()
-
-        for t in threads:
-            # if there were any errors then exceptions would be raised here
-            t.go()
-
-    def testIssue50(self):
-        "Issue 50: Check Blob.read return value on eof"
-        # first get what the system returns on eof
-        f = open(os.devnull, "rb")
-        try:
-            # deliberately hit eof
-            f.read()
-            # now try to read some more
-            feof = f.read(10)
-        finally:
-            f.close()
-        cur = self.db.cursor()
-        # make a blob to play with
-        rowid = next(
-            cur.execute("create table foo(x blob); insert into foo values(zeroblob(98765)); select rowid from foo"))[0]
-        blobro = self.db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", rowid, False)
-        try:
-            blobro.read(98765)
-            beof = blobro.read(10)
-            self.assertEqual(type(beof), type(feof))
-            self.assertEqual(beof, feof)
-        finally:
-            blobro.close()
-
-    def testIssue98(self, runfrom106=None):
-        "Issue 98: An error in context manager commit should do a rollback"
-        self.db.cursor().execute("create table foo(x); insert into foo values(3); insert into foo values(4)")
-        # We need the reader to block a writer, which requires non-WAL mode
-        self.db.cursor().execute("pragma journal_mode=delete")
-        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-        if runfrom106:
-            db2.setexectrace(runfrom106)
-        db2.cursor().execute("pragma journal_mode=delete")
-        # deliberately don't read from cursor on connection 1 which will prevent a commit
-        x = self.db.cursor().execute("select * from foo")
-        db2.__enter__()
-        db2.cursor().execute("insert into foo values(5)")  # transaction is buffered in memory by SQLite
-        try:
-            db2.__exit__(None, None, None)
-        except apsw.BusyError:
-            pass
-        # Ensure transaction was rolled back
-        x.fetchall()
-        for row in db2.cursor().execute("select * from foo where x=5"):
-            self.fail("Transaction was not rolled back")
-        db2.close()
-        if runfrom106: return
-        # Verify that error in tracer results in rollback
-        self.db.__enter__()
-
-        def h(*args):
-            1 / 0
-
-        self.db.cursor().execute("insert into foo values(6)")
-        self.db.setexectrace(h)
-        try:
-            self.db.__exit__(None, None, None)
-        except ZeroDivisionError:
-            self.db.setexectrace(None)
-            pass
-        for row in self.db.cursor().execute("select * from foo where x=6"):
-            self.fail("Transaction was not rolled back")
-
-    def testIssue103(self):
-        "Issue 103: Error handling when sqlite3_declare_vtab fails"
-
-        class Source:
-            def Create(self, *args):
-                return "create table x(delete)", None
-
-        self.db.createmodule("issue103", Source())
-        try:
-            self.db.cursor().execute("create virtual table foo using issue103()")
-            1 / 0  # should not be reached
-        except apsw.SQLError:
-            assert "near \"delete\": syntax error" in str(sys.exc_info()[1])
-
-    def testIssue106(self):
-        "Issue 106: Profiling and tracing"
-        traces = []
-
-        def tracer(cur, sql, bindings):
-            sql = sql.lower().split()[0]
-            if sql in ("savepoint", "release", "rollback"):
-                traces.append(sql)
-            return True
-
-        self.testIssue98(tracer)
-        self.assertTrue(len(traces) >= 3)
-        self.assertTrue("savepoint" in traces)
-        self.assertTrue("release" in traces)
-        self.assertTrue("rollback" in traces)
-
-    def testIssue142(self):
-        "Issue 142: bytes from system during dump"
-        orig_strftime = time.strftime
-        orig_getuser = getpass.getuser
-        fh = []
-        try:
-            time.strftime = lambda arg: b"gjkTIMEJUNKhgjhg\xfe\xdf"
-            getpass.getuser = lambda: b"\x81\x82\x83gjkhgUSERJUNKjhg\xfe\xdf"
-            fh = [open(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-" + t, "w+", encoding="utf8") for t in ("in", "out", "err")]
-            kwargs = {"stdin": fh[0], "stdout": fh[1], "stderr": fh[2]}
-
-            rows = (["correct"], ["horse"], ["battery"], ["staple"])
-            self.db.cursor().execute("create table foo(x)")
-            self.db.cursor().executemany("insert into foo values(?)", rows)
-            shell = apsw.Shell(db=self.db, **kwargs)
-            shell.command_dump([])
-
-            fh[1].seek(0)
-            out = fh[1].read()
-
-            for row in rows:
-                self.assertTrue(row[0] in out)
-
-            self.assertTrue("TIMEJUNK" in out)
-            self.assertTrue("USERJUNK" in out)
-
-        finally:
-            for f in fh:
-                f.close()
-            time.strftim = orig_strftime
-            getpass.getuser = orig_getuser
-
-    def testIssue186(self):
-        "Issue 186: desription cache between statements"
-        cur = self.db.cursor()
-
-        for i, row in enumerate(cur.execute("select 1; select 1,2; select 1,2,3; select 1,2,3,4;")):
-            # this catches if the order of getting them makes a difference
-            if i % 2:
-                self.assertEqual(len(cur.description), len(cur.getdescription()))
-            else:
-                self.assertEqual(len(cur.getdescription()), len(cur.description))
-            self.assertEqual(len(cur.description), i + 1)
-
-        # check executemany too
-        for i, row in enumerate(
-                cur.executemany("select ?; select ?,?; select ?,?,?; select ?,?,?,?;", [
-                    (1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4),
-                    (1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4),
-                ])):
-            i %= 4
-            self.assertEqual(len(cur.getdescription()), i + 1)
-
-        # and the tracers
-        def tracer(cursor, *args):
-            self.assertEqual(len(cursor.getdescription()), expect)
-            return True
-
-        expect = 1
-        cur.setexectrace(tracer)
-        cur.setrowtrace(tracer)
-        for i, row in enumerate(cur.execute("select 1; select 1,2; select 1,2,3; select 1,2,3,4;")):
-            expect += 1
-        expect = 1
-        for i, row in enumerate(
-                cur.executemany("select ?; select ?,?; select ?,?,?; select ?,?,?,?;", [
-                    (1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4),
-                    (1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4),
-                ])):
-            expect += 1
-            if expect > 4: expect = 1
-
-    def testTicket2158(self):
-        "Check we are not affected by SQLite ticket #2158"
-
-        # https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=2158
-        def dummy(x, y):
-            if x < y: return -1
-            if x > y: return 1
-            return 0
-
-        self.db.createcollation("dummy", dummy)
-        cur = self.db.cursor()
-        cur.execute("create table foo(x)")
-        cur.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", randomintegers(20))
-        for row in cur.execute("select * from foo order by x collate dummy"):
-            pass
-        self.db.createcollation("dummy", None)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, cur.execute, "select * from foo order by x collate dummy")
-
-    def testIssue199(self):
-        "Backup API should accept Connection subclasses"
-
-        # https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/199
-        class subclass(apsw.Connection):
-            pass
-
-        dbsub = subclass("")
-        dbsub.cursor().execute("create table a(b);insert into a values(3);")
-
-        b = self.db.backup("main", dbsub, "main")
-        try:
-            while not b.done:
-                b.step(100)
-        finally:
-            b.finish()
-
-    def testIssue311(self):
-        "Indirect descendents of VFS should support WAL (in addition to direct subclasses)"
-
-        class vfswrapped(apsw.VFS):
-            def __init__(self):
-                self.myname = "testIssue311"
-                self.base = ""
-                apsw.VFS.__init__(self, self.myname, self.base)
-
-            def xOpen(self, name, flags):
-                return vfsfilewrap(self.base, name, flags)
-
-        class vfsfilewrap(apsw.VFSFile):
-            def __init__(self, parent, name, flags):
-                apsw.VFSFile.__init__(self, parent, name, flags)
-
-        # we make testdb be wal and then try to work with it
-        self.db.cursor().execute(
-            "pragma journal_mode=wal; create table test(x,y); insert into test values(3,4)").fetchall()
-
-        wrap = vfswrapped()
-
-        con = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", vfs=wrap.myname)
-
-        for row in con.cursor().execute("select x+y from test"):
-            self.assertEqual(row[0], 7)
-            break
-        else:
-            self.fail("No rows seen")
-
-    def testIssue314(self):
-        "Reference cycles between instance, Connection and instance.method"
-        cleared = []
-
-        class SelfReferencer:
-            def __del__(self):
-                cleared.append(id(self))
-
-            def __init__(self):
-                self.db = apsw.Connection("")
-                self.db.setbusyhandler(self.refme)
-                self.cur = self.db.cursor()
-                self.cur.setrowtrace(self.refme)
-
-            def refme(self):
-                pass
-
-        for i in range(1000):
-            SelfReferencer()
-        gc.collect()
-        self.assertEqual(1000, len(cleared))
-
-    def testPysqliteRecursiveIssue(self):
-        "Check an issue that affected pysqlite"
-        # https://code.google.com/p/pysqlite/source/detail?r=260ee266d6686e0f87b0547c36b68a911e6c6cdb
-        cur = self.db.cursor()
-        cur.execute("create table a(x); create table b(y);")
-
-        def foo():
-            yield (1, )
-            cur.execute("insert into a values(?)", (1, ))
-            yield (2, )
-
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.ThreadingViolationError, cur.executemany, "insert into b values(?)", foo())
-
-    def testWriteUnraiseable(self):
-        "Verify writeunraiseable replacement function"
-
-        def unraise():
-            # We cause an unraiseable error to happen by writing to a
-            # blob open for reading.  The close method called in the
-            # destructor will then also give the error
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            rowid = next(db.cursor().execute(
-                "create table foo(x); insert into foo values(x'aabbccdd'); select rowid from foo"))[0]
-            blob = db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", rowid, False)
-            try:
-                blob.write(b"badd")
-            except apsw.ReadOnlyError:
-                pass
-            del db
-            del blob
-            gc.collect()
-
-        # Normal excepthook
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(apsw.ReadOnlyError, unraise)
-        # excepthook with error to check PyErr_Display is called
-        xx = sys.excepthook
-        yy = sys.stderr
-        sys.stderr = open(TESTFILEPREFIX + "errout.txt", "wt", encoding="utf8")
-
-        def ehook(blah):
-            1 / 0
-
-        sys.excepthook = ehook
-        unraise()
-        sys.stderr.close()
-        v = open(TESTFILEPREFIX + "errout.txt", "rt", encoding="utf8").read()
-        deletefile(TESTFILEPREFIX + "errout.txt")
-        self.assertTrue(len(v))
-        sys.excepthook = xx
-        sys.stderr = yy
-
-    def testStatementCache(self, scsize=100):
-        "Verify statement cache integrity"
-        cur = self.db.cursor()
-        cur.execute("create table foo(x,y)")
-        cur.execute("create index foo_x on foo(x)")
-        cur.execute("insert into foo values(1,2)")
-        cur.execute("drop index foo_x")
-        cur.execute("insert into foo values(1,2)")  # cache hit, but needs reprepare
-        cur.execute("drop table foo; create table foo(x)")
-        try:
-            cur.execute("insert into foo values(1,2)")  # cache hit, but invalid sql
-        except apsw.SQLError:
-            pass
-        cur.executemany("insert into foo values(?)", [[1], [2]])
-        # overflow the statement cache
-        l = [self.db.cursor().execute("select x from foo" + " " * i) for i in range(scsize + 200)]
-        del l
-        gc.collect()
-        # coverage
-        l = []
-        for i in range(scsize + 10):
-            l.append(self.db.cursor().execute("select x from foo" + " " * i))
-            for row in self.db.cursor().execute("select * from foo"):
-                pass
-        # other wrangling
-        l = [self.db.cursor().execute("select x from foo") for i in range(scsize + 200)]
-        for i in range(scsize + 200):
-            for row in self.db.cursor().execute("select * from foo" + " " * i):
-                pass
-        del l
-        gc.collect()
-        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", statementcachesize=scsize)
-        cur2 = db2.cursor()
-        cur2.execute("create table bar(x,y)")
-        for _ in cur.execute("select * from foo"):
-            pass
-        db2.close()
-        # Get some coverage - overflow apswbuffer recycle.  100 is
-        # statementcache size, 256 is apswbufferrecycle bin size, and
-        # 17 is to overflow
-        l = [self.db.cursor().execute(u"select 3" + " " * i) for i in range(100 + 256 + 17)]
-        while l:
-            l.pop().fetchall()
-        # embedded nulls
-        got = []
-        try:
-            for row in cur.execute("select 3;select 4\0;select 5"):
-                got.append(row[0])
-        except ValueError:
-            self.assertEqual(got, [3])
-        # these compile to null vdbe
-        for _ in range(5):  # ensure statement cache is used
-            for query in (
-                "",
-                "-- foo",
-                ";",
-                "\n",
-            ):
-                for row in cur.execute(query):
-                    self.fail("Query is empty")
-
-    def testStatementCacheZeroSize(self):
-        "Rerun statement cache tests with a zero sized/disabled cache"
-        self.db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", statementcachesize=-1)
-        self.testStatementCache(-1)
-
-    # the text also includes characters that can't be represented in 16 bits (BMP)
-    wikipedia_text = u"""Wikipedia\nThe Free Encyclopedia\nEnglish\n6 383 000+ articles\n日本語\n1 292 000+ 記事\nРусский\n1 756 000+ статей\nDeutsch\n2 617 000+ Artikel\nEspañol\n1 717 000+ artículos\nFrançais\n2 362 000+ articles\nItaliano\n1 718 000+ voci\n中文\n1 231 000+ 條目\nPolski\n1 490 000+ haseł\nPortuguês\n1 074 000+ artigos\nSearch Wikipedia\nEN\nEnglish\n\n Read Wikipedia in your language\n1 000 000+ articles\nPolski\nالعربية\nDeutsch\nEnglish\nEspañol\nFrançais\nItaliano\nمصرى\nNederlands\n日本語\nPortuguês\nРусский\nSinugboanong Binisaya\nSvenska\nУкраїнська\nTiếng Việt\nWinaray\n中文\n100 000+ articles\nAfrikaans\nSlovenčina\nAsturianu\nAzərbaycanca\nБългарски\nBân-lâm-gú / Hō-ló-oē\nবাংলা\nБеларуская\nCatalà\nČeština\nCymraeg\nDansk\nEesti\nΕλληνικά\nEsperanto\nEuskara\nفارسی\nGalego\n한국어\nՀայերեն\nहिन्दी\nHrvatski\nBahasa Indonesia\nעברית\nქართული\nLatina\nLatviešu\nLietuvių\nMagyar\nМакедонски\nBahasa Melayu\nBahaso Minangkabau\nNorskbokmålnynorsk\nНохчийн\nOʻzbekcha / Ўзбекча\nҚазақша / Qazaqşa / قازاقشا\nRomână\nSimple English\nSlovenščina\nСрпски / Srpski\nSrpskohrvatski / Српскохрватски\nSuomi\nதமிழ்\nТатарча / Tatarça\nภาษาไทย\nТоҷикӣ\nتۆرکجه\nTürkçe\nاردو\nVolapük\n粵語\nမြန်မာဘာသာ\n10 000+ articles\nBahsa Acèh\nAlemannisch\nአማርኛ\nAragonés\nBasa Banyumasan\nБашҡортса\nБеларуская (Тарашкевіца)\nBikol Central\nবিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী\nBoarisch\nBosanski\nBrezhoneg\nЧӑвашла\nDiné Bizaad\nEmigliàn–Rumagnòl\nFøroyskt\nFrysk\nGaeilge\nGàidhlig\nગુજરાતી\nHausa\nHornjoserbsce\nIdo\nIlokano\nInterlingua\nИрон æвзаг\nÍslenska\nJawa\nಕನ್ನಡ\nKreyòl Ayisyen\nKurdî / كوردی\nکوردیی ناوەندی\nКыргызча\nКырык Мары\nLëtzebuergesch\nLimburgs\nLombard\nLìgure\nमैथिली\nMalagasy\nമലയാളം\n文言\nमराठी\nმარგალური\nمازِرونی\nMìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ / 閩東語\nМонгол\nनेपाल भाषा\nनेपाली\nNnapulitano\nNordfriisk\nOccitan\nМарий\nଓଡି଼ଆ\nਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ)\nپنجابی (شاہ مکھی)\nپښتو\nPiemontèis\nPlattdüütsch\nQırımtatarca\nRuna Simi\nसंस्कृतम्\nСаха Тыла\nScots\nShqip\nSicilianu\nසිංහල\nسنڌي\nŚlůnski\nBasa Sunda\nKiswahili\nTagalog\nతెలుగు\nᨅᨔ ᨕᨙᨁᨗ / Basa Ugi\nVèneto\nWalon\n吳語\nייִדיש\nYorùbá\nZazaki\nŽemaitėška\nisiZulu\n1 000+ articles\nАдыгэбзэ\nÆnglisc\nAkan\nаԥсшәа\nԱրեւմտահայերէն\nArmãneashce\nArpitan\nܐܬܘܪܝܐ\nAvañe’ẽ\nАвар\nAymar\nBasa Bali\nBahasa Banjar\nभोजपुरी\nBislama\nབོད་ཡིག\nБуряад\nChavacano de Zamboanga\nCorsu\nVahcuengh / 話僮\nDavvisámegiella\nDeitsch\nދިވެހިބަސް\nDolnoserbski\nЭрзянь\nEstremeñu\nFiji Hindi\nFurlan\nGaelg\nGagauz\nGĩkũyũ\nگیلکی\n贛語\nHak-kâ-ngî / 客家語\nХальмг\nʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi\nIgbo\nInterlingue\nKabɩyɛ\nKapampangan\nKaszëbsczi\nKernewek\nភាសាខ្មែរ\nKinyarwanda\nКоми\nKongo\nकोंकणी / Konknni\nKriyòl Gwiyannen\nພາສາລາວ\nDzhudezmo / לאדינו\nЛакку\nLatgaļu\nЛезги\nLingála\nlojban\nLuganda\nMalti\nReo Mā’ohi\nMāori\nMirandés\nМокшень\nߒߞߏ\nNa Vosa Vaka-Viti\nNāhuatlahtōlli\nDorerin Naoero\nNedersaksisch\nNouormand / Normaund\nNovial\nAfaan Oromoo\nঅসমীযা়\nपालि\nPangasinán\nPapiamentu\nПерем Коми\nPfälzisch\nPicard\nКъарачай–Малкъар\nQaraqalpaqsha\nRipoarisch\nRumantsch\nРусиньскый Язык\nGagana Sāmoa\nSardu\nSeeltersk\nSesotho sa Leboa\nChiShona\nSoomaaliga\nSranantongo\nTaqbaylit\nTarandíne\nTetun\nTok Pisin\nfaka Tonga\nTürkmençe\nТыва дыл\nУдмурт\nئۇيغۇرچه\nVepsän\nVõro\nWest-Vlams\nWolof\nisiXhosa\nZeêuws\n100+ articles\nBamanankan\nChamoru\nChichewa\nEʋegbe\nFulfulde\n𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺\nᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / Inuktitut\nIñupiak\nKalaallisut\nكٲشُر\nLi Niha\nNēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ\nNorfuk / Pitkern\nΠοντιακά\nརྫོང་ཁ\nRomani\nKirundi\nSängö\nSesotho\nSetswana\nСловѣ́ньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ\nSiSwati\nThuɔŋjäŋ\nᏣᎳᎩ\nTsėhesenėstsestotse\nTshivenḓa\nXitsonga\nchiTumbuka\nTwi\nትግርኛ\nဘာသာ မန်\n"""
-    assert (any(ord(c) > 65536 for c in wikipedia_text))
-
-    def testWikipedia(self):
-        "Use front page of wikipedia to check unicode handling"
-        self.db.close()
-        text = APSW.wikipedia_text
-        for encoding in "UTF-16", "UTF-16le", "UTF-16be", "UTF-8":
-            if os.path.exists(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb"):
-                deletefile(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-            db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-            c = db.cursor()
-            c.execute("pragma encoding=\"%s\"" % (encoding, ))
-            for row in c.execute("pragma encoding"):
-                # we use startswith as UTF-16 will be returned with le/be suffix
-                self.assertTrue(row[0].startswith(encoding))
-            c.execute("create table foo(x); insert into foo values(?)", (text, ))
-            for row in c.execute("select * from foo"):
-                self.assertEqual(row[0], text)
-            db.close()
-
-    # calls that need protection
-    calls={
-        'sqlite3api': { # items of interest - sqlite3 calls
-                        'match': re.compile(r"(sqlite3_[A-Za-z0-9_]+)\s*\("),
-                        # what must also be on same or preceding line
-                        'needs': re.compile("PYSQLITE(_|_BLOB_|_CON_|_CUR_|_SC_|_VOID_|_BACKUP_)CALL"),
-
-           # except if match.group(1) matches this - these don't
-           # acquire db mutex so no need to wrap (determined by
-           # examining sqlite3.c).  If they acquire non-database
-           # mutexes then that is ok.
-
-           # In the case of sqlite3_result_*|declare_vtab, the mutex
-           # is already held by enclosing sqlite3_step and the
-           # methods will only be called from that same thread so it
-           # isn't a problem.
-                        'skipcalls': re.compile("^sqlite3_(blob_bytes|column_count|bind_parameter_count|data_count|vfs_.+|changes64|total_changes64|get_autocommit|last_insert_rowid|complete|interrupt|limit|malloc64|free|threadsafe|value_.+|libversion|enable_shared_cache|initialize|shutdown|config|memory_.+|soft_heap_limit(64)?|randomness|db_readonly|db_filename|release_memory|status64|result_.+|user_data|mprintf|aggregate_context|declare_vtab|backup_remaining|backup_pagecount|mutex_enter|mutex_leave|sourceid|uri_.+)$"),
-                        # error message
-                        'desc': "sqlite3_ calls must wrap with PYSQLITE_CALL",
-                        },
-        'inuse':        {
-                        'match': re.compile(r"(convert_column_to_pyobject|statementcache_prepare|statementcache_finalize|statementcache_next)\s*\("),
-                        'needs': re.compile("INUSE_CALL"),
-                        'desc': "call needs INUSE wrapper",
-                        "skipfiles": re.compile(r".*[/\\]statementcache.c$"),
-                        },
-        }
-
-    def sourceCheckMutexCall(self, filename, name, lines):
-        # we check that various calls are wrapped with various macros
-        for i, line in enumerate(lines):
-            if "PYSQLITE_CALL" in line and "Py" in line:
-                self.fail("%s: %s() line %d - Py call while GIL released - %s" % (filename, name, i, line.strip()))
-            for k, v in self.calls.items():
-                if v.get('skipfiles', None) and v['skipfiles'].match(filename):
-                    continue
-                mo = v['match'].search(line)
-                if mo:
-                    func = mo.group(1)
-                    if v.get('skipcalls', None) and v['skipcalls'].match(func):
-                        continue
-                    if not v["needs"].search(line) and not v["needs"].search(lines[i - 1]):
-                        self.fail("%s: %s() line %d call to %s(): %s - %s\n" %
-                                  (filename, name, i, func, v['desc'], line.strip()))
-
-    def sourceCheckFunction(self, filename, name, lines):
-        # not further checked
-        if name.split("_")[0] in ("ZeroBlobBind", "APSWVFS", "APSWVFSFile", "APSWBuffer", "FunctionCBInfo",
-                                  "apswurifilename"):
-            return
-
-        checks = {
-            "APSWCursor": {
-                "skip": ("dealloc", "init", "dobinding", "dobindings", "doexectrace", "dorowtrace", "step", "close",
-                         "close_internal", "tp_traverse"),
-                "req": {
-                    "use": "CHECK_USE",
-                    "closed": "CHECK_CURSOR_CLOSED",
-                },
-                "order": ("use", "closed")
-            },
-            "Connection": {
-                "skip":
-                ("internal_cleanup", "dealloc", "init", "close", "interrupt", "close_internal", "remove_dependent",
-                 "readonly", "getmainfilename", "db_filename", "traverse", "clear", "tp_traverse"),
-                "req": {
-                    "use": "CHECK_USE",
-                    "closed": "CHECK_CLOSED",
-                },
-                "order": ("use", "closed")
-            },
-            "APSWBlob": {
-                "skip": ("dealloc", "init", "close", "close_internal"),
-                "req": {
-                    "use": "CHECK_USE",
-                    "closed": "CHECK_BLOB_CLOSED"
-                },
-                "order": ("use", "closed")
-            },
-            "APSWBackup": {
-                "skip": ("dealloc", "init", "close_internal", "get_remaining", "get_pagecount"),
-                "req": {
-                    "use": "CHECK_USE",
-                    "closed": "CHECK_BACKUP_CLOSED"
-                },
-                "order": ("use", "closed")
-            },
-            "apswvfs": {
-                "req": {
-                    "preamble": "VFSPREAMBLE",
-                    "tb": "AddTraceBackHere",
-                    "postamble": "VFSPOSTAMBLE"
-                },
-                "order": ("preamble", "tb", "postamble")
-            },
-            "apswvfspy": {
-                "req": {
-                    "check": "CHECKVFSPY",
-                    "notimpl": "VFSNOTIMPLEMENTED(%(base)s,"
-                },
-                "order": ("check", "notimpl"),
-            },
-            "apswvfspy_unregister": {
-                "req": {
-                    "check": "CHECKVFSPY",
-                },
-            },
-            "apswvfsfile": {
-                "req": {
-                    "preamble": "FILEPREAMBLE",
-                    "postamble": "FILEPOSTAMBLE",
-                },
-                "order": ("preamble", "postamble")
-            },
-            "apswvfsfilepy": {
-                "skip": ("xClose", ),
-                "req": {
-                    "check": "CHECKVFSFILEPY",
-                    "notimpl": "VFSFILENOTIMPLEMENTED(%(base)s,"
-                },
-                "order": ("check", "notimpl"),
-            },
-        }
-
-        prefix, base = name.split("_", 1)
-        if name in checks:
-            checker = checks[name]
-        elif prefix in checks:
-            checker = checks[prefix]
-        else:
-            self.fail(filename + ": " + prefix + " not in checks (" + name + ")")
-
-        if base in checker.get("skip", ()):
-            return
-
-        format = {"base": base, "prefix": prefix}
-
-        found = {}
-        for k in checker["req"]:
-            found[k] = None
-
-        # check the lines
-        for i, line in enumerate(lines):
-            for k, v in checker["req"].items():
-                v = v % format
-                if v in line and found[k] is None:
-                    found[k] = i
-
-        # check they are present
-        for k, v in checker["req"].items():
-            if found[k] is None:
-                v = v % format
-                self.fail(filename + ": " + k + " " + v + " missing in " + name)
-
-        # check order
-        order = checker.get("order", ())
-        for i in range(len(order) - 2):
-            b4 = order[i]
-            after = order[i + 1]
-            if found[b4] > found[after]:
-                self.fail(filename + ": " + checker["req"][b4] % format + " should be before " +
-                          checker["req"][after] % format + " in " + name)
-
-        return
-
-    should_use_compat = ("PyObject_CheckReadBuffer", "PyObject_AsReadBuffer")
-
-    def testSourceChecks(self):
-        "Check various source code issues"
-        # We expect a coding style where the functions are named
-        # Object_method, are at the start of the line and have a first
-        # parameter named self.
-        for filename in glob.glob("src/*.c"):
-            if filename.endswith("testextension.c"):
-                continue
-            # check not using C++ style comments
-            code = read_whole_file(filename, "rt").replace("http://", "http:__").replace("https://", "https:__")
-            if "//" in code:
-                self.fail("// style comment in " + filename)
-
-            if filename.replace("\\", "/") != "src/pyutil.c":
-                for n in self.should_use_compat:
-                    if n in code:
-                        self.fail("Should be using compat function for %s in file %s" % (n, filename))
-
-            # check check funcs
-            funcpat1 = re.compile(r"^(\w+_\w+)\s*\(\s*\w+\s*\*\s*self")
-            funcpat2 = re.compile(r"^(\w+)\s*\(")
-            name1 = None
-            name2 = None
-            lines = []
-            infunc = 0
-            for line in read_whole_file(filename, "rt").split("\n"):
-                if line.startswith("}") and infunc:
-                    if infunc == 1:
-                        self.sourceCheckMutexCall(filename, name1, lines)
-                        self.sourceCheckFunction(filename, name1, lines)
-                    elif infunc == 2:
-                        self.sourceCheckMutexCall(filename, name2, lines)
-                    else:
-                        assert False
-                    infunc = 0
-                    lines = []
-                    name1 = None
-                    name2 = None
-                    continue
-                if name1 and line.startswith("{"):
-                    infunc = 1
-                    continue
-                if name2 and line.startswith("{"):
-                    infunc = 2
-                    continue
-                if infunc:
-                    lines.append(line)
-                    continue
-                m = funcpat1.match(line)
-                if m:
-                    name1 = m.group(1)
-                    continue
-                m = funcpat2.match(line)
-                if m:
-                    name2 = m.group(1)
-                    continue
-
-    def testConfig(self):
-        "Verify sqlite3_config wrapper"
-        # we need to ensure there are no outstanding sqlite objects
-        self.db = None
-        gc.collect()
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.MisuseError, apsw.config, apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS, True)
-        apsw.shutdown()
-        try:
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.config)
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.config, "chicken")
-            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD)
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.config, apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD, 2)
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.config, apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS)
-            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS, True)
-            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS, False)
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.config, 89748937)
-            x = 0x7fffffff
-            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, apsw.config, x * x * x * x)
-            self.assertTrue(apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ) >= 0)
-            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ, -1)
-        finally:
-            # put back to normal
-            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED)
-            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS, True)
-            apsw.initialize()
-
-    def testFaultInjectionTested(self):
-        "Make sure all fault injection is tested"
-        faults = set()
-        for filename in glob.glob("src/*.c"):
-            with open(filename, "rt", encoding="utf8") as f:
-                for line in f:
-                    if "APSW_FAULT_INJECT" in line and "#define" not in line:
-                        mo = re.match(r".*APSW_FAULT_INJECT\s*\(\s*(?P<name>\w+)\s*,.*", line)
-                        assert mo, f"Failed to match line { line }"
-                        name = mo.group("name")
-                        assert name not in faults, f"fault inject name { name } found multiple times"
-                        faults.add(name)
-
-        testcode = read_whole_file(__file__, "rt", "utf8")
-
-        # special case
-        if re.search(r"\bBackupDependent\b", testcode):
-            for n in range(1, 6):
-                testcode += f"\nBackupDependent{ n }\n"
-
-        for name in sorted(faults):
-            self.assertTrue(re.search(f"\\b{ name }\\b", testcode), f"Couldn't find test for fault '{ name }'")
-
-    def testMemory(self):
-        "Verify memory tracking functions"
-        self.assertNotEqual(apsw.memoryused(), 0)
-        self.assertTrue(apsw.memoryhighwater() >= apsw.memoryused())
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.memoryhighwater, "eleven")
-        apsw.memoryhighwater(True)
-        self.assertEqual(apsw.memoryhighwater(), apsw.memoryused())
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.softheaplimit, 1, 2)
-        apsw.softheaplimit(0)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.releasememory, 1, 2)
-        res = apsw.releasememory(0x7fffffff)
-        self.assertTrue(type(res) in (int, ))
-        apsw.softheaplimit(0x1234567890abc)
-        self.assertEqual(0x1234567890abc, apsw.softheaplimit(0x1234567890abe))
-
-    def testRandomness(self):
-        "Verify randomness routine"
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.randomness, "three")
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, apsw.randomness, 0xffffffffee)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, apsw.randomness, -2)
-        self.assertEqual(0, len(apsw.randomness(0)))
-        self.assertEqual(1, len(apsw.randomness(1)))
-        self.assertEqual(16383, len(apsw.randomness(16383)))
-        self.assertNotEqual(apsw.randomness(77), apsw.randomness(77))
-
-    def testSqlite3Pointer(self):
-        "Verify getting underlying sqlite3 pointer"
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.sqlite3pointer, 7)
-        self.assertTrue(type(self.db.sqlite3pointer()) in (int, ))
-        self.assertEqual(self.db.sqlite3pointer(), self.db.sqlite3pointer())
-        self.assertNotEqual(self.db.sqlite3pointer(), apsw.Connection(":memory:").sqlite3pointer())
-
-    def testPickle(self, module=None):
-        "Verify data etc can be pickled"
-        if module == None:
-            import pickle
-            self.testPickle(pickle)
-            try:
-                import cPickle
-                self.testPickle(cPickle)
-            except ImportError:
-                pass
-            return
-
-        import pickle
-        PicklingError = pickle.PicklingError
-        try:
-            import cPickle
-            PicklingError = (PicklingError, cPickle.PicklingError)
-        except ImportError:
-            pass
-
-        # work out what protocol versions we can use
-        versions = []
-        for num in range(-1, 20):
-            try:
-                module.dumps(3, num)
-                versions.append(num)
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-
-        # some objects to try pickling
-        vals = test_types_vals
-        cursor = self.db.cursor()
-        cursor.execute("create table if not exists t(i,x)")
-
-        def canpickle(val):
-            return True
-
-        cursor.execute("BEGIN")
-        cursor.executemany("insert into t values(?,?)", [(i, v) for i, v in enumerate(vals) if canpickle(v)])
-        cursor.execute("COMMIT")
-
-        for ver in versions:
-            for row in cursor.execute("select * from t"):
-                self.assertEqual(row, module.loads(module.dumps(row, ver)))
-                rownum, val = row
-                if type(vals[rownum]) is float:
-                    self.assertAlmostEqual(vals[rownum], val)
-                else:
-                    self.assertEqual(vals[rownum], val)
-            # can't pickle cursors
-            try:
-                module.dumps(cursor, ver)
-            except TypeError:
-                pass
-            except PicklingError:
-                pass
-            # some versions can pickle the db, but give a zeroed db back
-            db = None
-            try:
-                db = module.loads(module.dumps(self.db, ver))
-            except TypeError:
-                pass
-            if db is not None:
-                self.assertRaises(apsw.ConnectionClosedError, db.db_filename, "main")
-                self.assertRaises(apsw.ConnectionClosedError, db.cursor)
-                self.assertRaises(apsw.ConnectionClosedError, db.getautocommit)
-
-    def testStatus(self):
-        "Verify status function"
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.status, "zebra")
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.MisuseError, apsw.status, 2323)
-        for i in apsw.mapping_status:
-            if type(i) != type(""): continue
-            res = apsw.status(getattr(apsw, i))
-            self.assertEqual(len(res), 2)
-            self.assertEqual(type(res), tuple)
-            self.assertTrue(res[0] <= res[1])
-
-    def testDBStatus(self):
-        "Verify db status function"
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.status, "zebra")
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.db.status, 2323)
-        for i in apsw.mapping_db_status:
-            if type(i) != type(""): continue
-            res = self.db.status(getattr(apsw, i))
-            self.assertEqual(len(res), 2)
-            self.assertEqual(type(res), tuple)
-            self.assertTrue(res[1] == 0 or res[0] <= res[1])
-
-    def testTxnState(self):
-        "Verify db.txn_state"
-        n = u"\u1234\u3454324"
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.txn_state, 3)
-        self.assertEqual(apsw.mapping_txn_state["SQLITE_TXN_NONE"], self.db.txn_state())
-        self.db.cursor().execute("BEGIN EXCLUSIVE")
-        self.assertEqual(apsw.mapping_txn_state["SQLITE_TXN_WRITE"], self.db.txn_state())
-        self.db.cursor().execute("END")
-        self.assertEqual(apsw.mapping_txn_state["SQLITE_TXN_NONE"], self.db.txn_state())
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.db.txn_state, n)
-        self.assertEqual(apsw.mapping_txn_state["SQLITE_TXN_NONE"], self.db.txn_state("main"))
-
-    def testZeroBlob(self):
-        "Verify handling of zero blobs"
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.zeroblob)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.zeroblob, "foo")
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.zeroblob, -7)
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, apsw.zeroblob, 4000000000)
-        cur = self.db.cursor()
-        cur.execute("create table foo(x)")
-        cur.execute("insert into foo values(?)", (apsw.zeroblob(27), ))
-        v = next(cur.execute("select * from foo"))[0]
-        self.assertEqual(v, b"\x00" * 27)
-
-        # Make sure inheritance works
-        class multi:
-            def __init__(self, *args):
-                self.foo = 3
-
-        class derived(apsw.zeroblob):
-            def __init__(self, num):
-                #multi.__init__(self)
-                apsw.zeroblob.__init__(self, num)
-
-        cur.execute("delete from foo; insert into foo values(?)", (derived(28), ))
-        v = next(cur.execute("select * from foo"))[0]
-        self.assertEqual(v, b"\x00" * 28)
-        self.assertEqual(apsw.zeroblob(91210).length(), 91210)
-
-    def testBlobIO(self):
-        "Verify Blob input/output"
-        cur = self.db.cursor()
-        rowid = next(
-            cur.execute("create table foo(x blob); insert into foo values(zeroblob(98765)); select rowid from foo"))[0]
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.blobopen, 1)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.blobopen, u"main", "foo\xf3")
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.blobopen, u"main", "foo", "x", complex(-1, -1), True)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.blobopen, u"main", "foo", "x", rowid, True, False)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.db.blobopen, "main", "foo", "x", rowid + 27, False)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.db.blobopen, "foo", "foo", "x", rowid, False)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.db.blobopen, "main", "x", "x", rowid, False)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.db.blobopen, "main", "foo", "y", rowid, False)
-        blobro = self.db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", rowid, False)
-        # sidebar: check they can't be manually created
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, type(blobro))
-        # check vals
-        self.assertEqual(blobro.length(), 98765)
-        self.assertEqual(blobro.length(), 98765)
-        self.assertEqual(blobro.read(0), b"")
-        zero = b"\x00"
-        step = 5  # must be exact multiple of size
-        assert (blobro.length() % step == 0)
-        for i in range(0, 98765, step):
-            x = blobro.read(step)
-            self.assertEqual(zero * step, x)
-        x = blobro.read(10)
-        self.assertEqual(x, b"")
-        blobro.seek(0, 1)
-        self.assertEqual(blobro.tell(), 98765)
-        blobro.seek(0)
-        self.assertEqual(blobro.tell(), 0)
-        self.assertEqual(len(blobro.read(11119999)), 98765)
-        blobro.seek(2222)
-        self.assertEqual(blobro.tell(), 2222)
-        blobro.seek(0, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(blobro.tell(), 0)
-        self.assertEqual(blobro.read(), b"\x00" * 98765)
-        blobro.seek(-3, 2)
-        self.assertEqual(blobro.read(), b"\x00" * 3)
-        # check types
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.read, "foo")
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.tell, "foo")
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.seek)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.seek, "foo", 1)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.seek, 0, 1, 2)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, 0, -3)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, 0, 3)
-        # can't seek before beginning or after end of file
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, -1, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, 25, 1)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, 25, 2)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, 100000, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, -100000, 1)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, -100000, 2)
-        # close testing
-        blobro.seek(0, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.ReadOnlyError, blobro.write, b"kermit was here")
-        # you get the error on the close too, and blob is always closed - sqlite ticket #2815
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.ReadOnlyError, blobro.close)
-        # check can't work on closed blob
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.read)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.readinto, b"ab")
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.seek, 0, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.tell)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.write, "abc")
-        # readinto tests
-        rowidri = self.db.cursor().execute(
-            "insert into foo values(x'112233445566778899aabbccddeeff'); select last_insert_rowid()").fetchall()[0][0]
-        blobro = self.db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", rowidri, False)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.readinto)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.readinto, 3)
-        buffers = []
-        import array
-        buffers.append(array.array("b", b"\0\0\0\0"))
-        buffers.append(bytearray(b"\0\0\0\0"))
-
-        # bytearray returns ints rather than chars so a fixup
-        def _fixup(c):
-            if type(c) == int:
-                return bytes([c])
-            return c
-
-        for buf in buffers:
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.readinto)
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.readinto, buf, buf)
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.readinto, buf, 1, buf)
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.readinto, buf, 1, 1, buf)
-            blobro.seek(0)
-            blobro.readinto(buf, 1, 1)
-            self.assertEqual(_fixup(buf[0]), b"\x00")
-            self.assertEqual(_fixup(buf[1]), b"\x11")
-            self.assertEqual(_fixup(buf[2]), b"\x00")
-            self.assertEqual(_fixup(buf[3]), b"\x00")
-            self.assertEqual(len(buf), 4)
-            blobro.seek(3)
-            blobro.readinto(buf)
-
-            def check_unchanged():
-                self.assertEqual(_fixup(buf[0]), b"\x44")
-                self.assertEqual(_fixup(buf[1]), b"\x55")
-                self.assertEqual(_fixup(buf[2]), b"\x66")
-                self.assertEqual(_fixup(buf[3]), b"\x77")
-                self.assertEqual(len(buf), 4)
-
-            check_unchanged()
-            blobro.seek(14)
-            # too much requested
-            self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.readinto, buf, 1)
-            check_unchanged()
-            # bounds errors
-            self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.readinto, buf, 1, -1)
-            self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.readinto, buf, 1, 7)
-            self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.readinto, buf, -1, 2)
-            self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobro.readinto, buf, 10000, 2)
-            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, blobro.readinto, buf, 1, 45236748972389749283)
-            check_unchanged()
-        # get a read error
-        blobro.seek(0)
-        self.db.cursor().execute("update foo set x=x'112233445566' where rowid=?", (rowidri, ))
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.AbortError, blobro.readinto, buf)
-        # should fail with buffer being a string
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.readinto, "abcd", 1, 1)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.readinto, u"abcd", 1, 1)
-        # write tests
-        blobrw = self.db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", rowid, True)
-        self.assertEqual(blobrw.length(), 98765)
-        blobrw.write(b"abcd")
-        blobrw.seek(0, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(blobrw.read(4), b"abcd")
-        blobrw.write(b"efg")
-        blobrw.seek(0, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(blobrw.read(7), b"abcdefg")
-        blobrw.seek(50, 0)
-        blobrw.write(b"hijkl")
-        blobrw.seek(-98765, 2)
-        self.assertEqual(blobrw.read(55), b"abcdefg" + b"\x00" * 43 + b"hijkl")
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobrw.write, 12)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobrw.write)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobrw.write, u"foo")
-        # try to go beyond end
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blobrw.write, b" " * 100000)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobrw.close, "elephant")
-        # coverage
-        blobro = self.db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", rowid, False)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.ReadOnlyError, blobro.write, b"abcd")
-        blobro.close(True)
-        self.db.cursor().execute("insert into foo(_rowid_, x) values(99, 1)")
-        blobro = self.db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", rowid, False)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.reopen)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, blobro.reopen, "banana")
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, blobro.reopen, 45236748972389749283)
-        first = blobro.read(2)
-        # check position is reset
-        blobro.reopen(rowid)
-        self.assertEqual(blobro.tell(), 0)
-        self.assertEqual(first, blobro.read(2))
-        # invalid reopen
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, blobro.reopen, 0x1ffffffff)
-        blobro.close()
-
-    def testBlobReadError(self):
-        "Ensure blob read errors are handled well"
-        cur = self.db.cursor()
-        cur.execute("create table ioerror (x, blob)")
-        cur.execute("insert into ioerror (rowid,x,blob) values (2,3,x'deadbeef')")
-        blob = self.db.blobopen("main", "ioerror", "blob", 2, False)
-        blob.read(1)
-        # Do a write which cause blob to become invalid
-        cur.execute("update ioerror set blob='fsdfdsfasd' where x=3")
-        try:
-            blob.read(1)
-            1 / 0
-        except:
-            klass, value = sys.exc_info()[:2]
-            self.assertTrue(klass is apsw.AbortError)
-
-    def testAutovacuumPages(self):
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.autovacuum_pages)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.autovacuum_pages, 3)
-        for stmt in ("pragma page_size=512", "pragma auto_vacuum=FULL", "create table foo(x)", "begin"):
-            self.db.cursor().execute(stmt)
-        self.db.cursor().executemany("insert into foo values(zeroblob(1023))", [tuple() for _ in range(500)])
-
-        self.db.cursor().execute("commit")
-
-        rowids = [row[0] for row in self.db.cursor().execute("select ROWID from foo")]
-
-        last_free = [0]
-
-        def avpcb(schema, nPages, nFreePages, nBytesPerPage):
-            self.assertEqual(schema, "main")
-            self.assertTrue(nFreePages < nPages)
-            self.assertTrue(nFreePages >= 2)
-            self.assertEqual(nBytesPerPage, 512)
-            # we always return 1, so second call must have more free pages than first
-            if last_free[0]:
-                self.assertTrue(nFreePages > last_free[0])
-            else:
-                last_free[0] = nFreePages
-            return 1
-
-        def noparams():
-            pass
-
-        def badreturn(*args):
-            return "seven"
-
-        self.db.cursor().execute("delete from foo where rowid=?", (rowids.pop(), ))
-
-        self.db.autovacuum_pages(noparams)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.cursor().execute, "delete from foo where rowid=?", (rowids.pop(), ))
-        self.db.autovacuum_pages(None)
-        self.db.cursor().execute("delete from foo where rowid=?", (rowids.pop(), ))
-        self.db.autovacuum_pages(avpcb)
-        self.db.cursor().execute("delete from foo where rowid=?", (rowids.pop(), ))
-        self.db.autovacuum_pages(badreturn)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.cursor().execute, "delete from foo where rowid=?", (rowids.pop(), ))
-        self.db.autovacuum_pages(None)
-        self.db.cursor().execute("delete from foo where rowid=?", (rowids.pop(), ))
-
-    def testURIFilenames(self):
-        assertRaises = self.assertRaises
-        assertEqual = self.assertEqual
-
-        class TVFS(apsw.VFS):
-            def __init__(self):
-                apsw.VFS.__init__(self, "uritest", "")
-
-            def xOpen(self, name, flags):
-                assert isinstance(name, apsw.URIFilename)
-                # The various errors
-                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_parameter)
-                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_parameter, 2)
-                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_int)
-                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_int, 7)
-                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_int, 7, 7)
-                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_int, 7, 7, 7)
-                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_int, "seven", "seven")
-                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_boolean, "seven")
-                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_boolean, "seven", "seven")
-                assertRaises(TypeError, name.uri_boolean, "seven", None)
-                # Check values
-                assert name.filename().endswith("testdb2")
-                assertEqual(name.uri_parameter("notexist"), None)
-                assertEqual(name.uri_parameter("foo"), "1&2=3")
-                assertEqual(name.uri_int("foo", -7), -7)
-                assertEqual(name.uri_int("bar", -7), 43242342)
-                # https://sqlite.org/src/info/5f41597f7c
-                # assertEqual(name.uri_boolean("foo", False), False)
-                assertEqual(name.uri_boolean("bam", False), True)
-                assertEqual(name.uri_boolean("baz", True), False)
-                1 / 0
-
-        testvfs = TVFS()
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError,
-                          self.assertRaisesUnraisable,
-                          ZeroDivisionError,
-                          apsw.Connection,
-                          "file:testdb2?foo=1%262%3D3&bar=43242342&bam=true&baz=fal%73%65",
-                          flags=apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_URI,
-                          vfs="uritest")
-
-    def testVFSWithWAL(self):
-        "Verify VFS using WAL"
-        apsw.connection_hooks.append(
-            lambda c: c.cursor().execute("pragma journal_mode=WAL; PRAGMA wal_autocheckpoint=1").fetchall())
-        try:
-            self.testVFS()
-        finally:
-            apsw.connection_hooks.pop()
-
-    def testVFS(self):
-        "Verify VFS functionality"
-        global testtimeout
-
-        testdb = vfstestdb
-
-        # Check basic functionality and inheritance - make an obfuscated provider
-
-        # obfusvfs code
-        def encryptme(data):
-            # An "encryption" scheme in honour of MAPI and SQL server passwords
-            if not data: return data
-            return bytes([x ^ 0xa5 for x in data])
-
-        class ObfuscatedVFSFile(apsw.VFSFile):
-            def __init__(self, inheritfromvfsname, filename, flags):
-                apsw.VFSFile.__init__(self, inheritfromvfsname, filename, flags)
-
-            def xRead(self, amount, offset):
-                return encryptme(super(ObfuscatedVFSFile, self).xRead(amount, offset))
-
-            def xWrite(self, data, offset):
-                super(ObfuscatedVFSFile, self).xWrite(encryptme(data), offset)
-
-        class ObfuscatedVFS(apsw.VFS):
-            def __init__(self, vfsname="obfu", basevfs=""):
-                self.vfsname = vfsname
-                self.basevfs = basevfs
-                apsw.VFS.__init__(self, self.vfsname, self.basevfs)
-
-            def xOpen(self, name, flags):
-                return ObfuscatedVFSFile(self.basevfs, name, flags)
-
-        vfs = ObfuscatedVFS()
-
-        query = "create table foo(x,y); insert into foo values(1,2); insert into foo values(3,4)"
-        self.db.cursor().execute(query)
-
-        db2 = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb2", vfs=vfs.vfsname)
-        db2.cursor().execute(query)
-        db2.close()
-        self.db.cursor().execute("pragma journal_mode=delete").fetchall()
-        self.db.close()  # flush
-
-        # check the two databases are the same (modulo the XOR)
-        orig = read_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", "rb")
-        obfu = read_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb2", "rb")
-        self.assertEqual(len(orig), len(obfu))
-        self.assertNotEqual(orig, obfu)
-
-        # we ignore wal/non-wal differences
-        def compare(one, two):
-            self.assertEqual(one[0:18], two[:18])
-            self.assertEqual(one[96:], two[96:])
-
-        compare(orig, encryptme(obfu))
-
-        # helper routines
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.exceptionfor, "three")
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, apsw.exceptionfor, 8764324)
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, apsw.exceptionfor, 0xffffffffffffffff10)
-
-        # test raw file object
-        f = ObfuscatedVFSFile("", os.path.abspath(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb"),
-                              [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY, 0])
-        del f  # check closes
-        f = ObfuscatedVFSFile("", os.path.abspath(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb"),
-                              [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY, 0])
-        data = f.xRead(len(obfu), 0)  # will encrypt it
-        compare(obfu, data)
-        f.xClose()
-        f.xClose()
-        f2 = apsw.VFSFile("", os.path.abspath(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb"),
-                          [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY, 0])
-        del f2
-        f2 = apsw.VFSFile("", os.path.abspath(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb2"),
-                          [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY, 0])
-        data = f2.xRead(len(obfu), 0)
-        self.assertEqual(obfu, data)
-        f2.xClose()
-        f2.xClose()
-
-        # cleanup so it doesn't interfere with following code using the same file
-        del f
-        del f2
-        db2.close()
-        del db2
-        vfs.unregister()
-        gc.collect()
-
-        ### Detailed vfs testing
-
-        # xRandomness is tested first. The method is called once after sqlite initializes
-        # and only the default vfs is called.  Consequently we have a helper test method
-        # but it is only available when using testfixtures and the amalgamation
-        self.db = None
-        gc.collect()
-
-        defvfs = apsw.vfsnames()[0]  # we want to inherit from this one
-
-        def testrand():
-            gc.collect()
-            apsw.test_reset_rng()
-            vfs = RandomVFS()
-            db = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb")
-            next(db.cursor().execute("select randomblob(10)"))
-
-        class RandomVFSUpper(apsw.VFS):
-            def __init__(self):
-                apsw.VFS.__init__(self, "randomupper", defvfs)
-
-            def xRandomness1(self, n):
-                return b"\xaa\xbb"
-
-        class RandomVFS(apsw.VFS):
-            def __init__(self):
-                apsw.VFS.__init__(self, "random", "randomupper", makedefault=True)
-
-            def xRandomness1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xRandomness2(self, n):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xRandomness3(self, n):
-                return b"abcd"
-
-            def xRandomness4(self, n):
-                return u"abcd"
-
-            def xRandomness5(self, n):
-                return b"a" * (2 * n)
-
-            def xRandomness6(self, n):
-                return None
-
-            def xRandomness7(self, n):
-                return 3
-
-            def xRandomness99(self, n):
-                return super(RandomVFS, self).xRandomness(n + 2049)
-
-        if hasattr(apsw, 'test_reset_rng'):
-            vfsupper = RandomVFSUpper()
-            vfs = RandomVFS()
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xRandomness, "jksdhfsd")
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xRandomness, 3, 3)
-            self.assertRaises(ValueError, vfs.xRandomness, -88)
-
-            RandomVFS.xRandomness = RandomVFS.xRandomness1
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testrand)
-            RandomVFS.xRandomness = RandomVFS.xRandomness2
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, testrand)
-            RandomVFS.xRandomness = RandomVFS.xRandomness3
-            testrand()  # shouldn't have problems
-            RandomVFS.xRandomness = RandomVFS.xRandomness4
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testrand)
-            RandomVFS.xRandomness = RandomVFS.xRandomness5
-            testrand()  # shouldn't have problems
-            RandomVFS.xRandomness = RandomVFS.xRandomness6
-            testrand()  # shouldn't have problems
-            RandomVFS.xRandomness = RandomVFS.xRandomness7
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testrand)
-            RandomVFS.xRandomness = RandomVFS.xRandomness99
-            testrand()  # shouldn't have problems
-            vfsupper.xRandomness = vfsupper.xRandomness1
-            testrand()  # coverage
-            vfsupper.unregister()
-            vfs.unregister()
-
-        class ErrorVFS(apsw.VFS):
-            # A vfs that returns errors for all methods
-            def __init__(self):
-                apsw.VFS.__init__(self, "errorvfs", "")
-
-            def errorme(self, *args):
-                raise apsw.exceptionfor(apsw.SQLITE_IOERR)
-
-        class TestVFS(apsw.VFS):
-            def init1(self):
-                super(TestVFS, self).__init__("apswtest")
-
-            def init99(self, name="apswtest", base=""):
-                super(TestVFS, self).__init__(name, base)
-
-            def xDelete1(self, name, syncdir):
-                super(TestVFS, self).xDelete(".", False)
-
-            def xDelete2(self, bad, number, of, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xDelete3(self, name, syncdir):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xDelete4(self, name, syncdir):
-                super(TestVFS, self).xDelete("bad", "arguments")
-
-            def xDelete99(self, name, syncdir):
-                assert (type(name) == type(""))
-                assert (type(syncdir) == type(1))
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xDelete(name, syncdir)
-
-            def xAccess1(self, bad, number, of, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xAccess2(self, name, flags):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xAccess3(self, name, flags):
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xAccess("bad", "arguments")
-
-            def xAccess4(self, name, flags):
-                return (3, )
-
-            def xAccess99(self, name, flags):
-                assert (type(name) == type(""))
-                assert (type(flags) == type(1))
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xAccess(name, flags)
-
-            def xFullPathname1(self, bad, number, of, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xFullPathname2(self, name):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xFullPathname3(self, name):
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xFullPathname("bad", "args")
-
-            def xFullPathname4(self, name):
-                # parameter is larger than default buffer sizes used by sqlite
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xFullPathname(name * 10000)
-
-            def xFullPathname5(self, name):
-                # result is larger than default buffer sizes used by sqlite
-                return "a" * 10000
-
-            def xFullPathname6(self, name):
-                return 12  # bad return type
-
-            def xFullPathname99(self, name):
-                assert (type(name) == type(u""))
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xFullPathname(name)
-
-            def xOpen1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xOpen2(self, name, flags):
-                super(TestVFS, self).xOpen(name, 3)
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xOpen3(self, name, flags):
-                v = super(TestVFS, self).xOpen(name, flags)
-                flags.append(v)
-                return v
-
-            def xOpen4(self, name, flags):
-                return None
-
-            def xOpen99(self, name, flags):
-                assert (isinstance(name, apsw.URIFilename) or name is None or type(name) == type(u""))
-                assert (type(flags) == type([]))
-                assert (len(flags) == 2)
-                assert (type(flags[0]) in (int, ))
-                assert (type(flags[1]) in (int, ))
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xOpen(name, flags)
-
-            def xOpen100(self, name, flags):
-                return TestFile(name, flags)
-
-            def xDlOpen1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xDlOpen2(self, name):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xDlOpen3(self, name):
-                return -1
-
-            def xDlOpen4(self, name):
-                return "fred"
-
-            def xDlOpen5(self, name):
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xDlOpen(3)
-
-            # python 3 only test
-            def xDlOpen6(self, name):
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xDlOpen(b"abcd")  # bad string type
-
-            def xDlOpen7(self, name):
-                return 0xffffffffffffffff10
-
-            def xDlOpen99(self, name):
-                assert (type(name) == type(u""))
-                res = super(TestVFS, self).xDlOpen(name)
-                if ctypes:
-                    try:
-                        cres = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(name)._handle
-                    except:
-                        cres = 0
-                    assert (res == cres)
-                return res
-
-            def xDlSym1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xDlSym2(self, handle, name):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xDlSym3(self, handle, name):
-                return "fred"
-
-            def xDlSym4(self, handle, name):
-                super(TestVFS, self).xDlSym(3, 3)
-
-            def xDlSym5(self, handle, name):
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xDlSym(handle, b"abcd")
-
-            def xDlSym6(self, handle, name):
-                return 0xffffffffffffffff10
-
-            def xDlSym99(self, handle, name):
-                assert (type(handle) in (int, ))
-                assert (type(name) == type(u""))
-                res = super(TestVFS, self).xDlSym(handle, name)
-                # pypy doesn't have dlsym
-                if not iswindows and hasattr(_ctypes, "dlsym"):
-                    assert (_ctypes.dlsym(handle, name) == res)
-                # windows has funky issues I don't want to deal with here
-                return res
-
-            def xDlClose1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xDlClose2(self, handle):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xDlClose3(self, handle):
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xDlClose("three")
-
-            def xDlClose99(self, handle):
-                assert (type(handle) in (int, ))
-                super(TestVFS, self).xDlClose(handle)
-
-            def xDlError1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xDlError2(self):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xDlError3(self):
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xDlError("three")
-
-            def xDlError4(self):
-                return 3
-
-            def xDlError5(self):
-                return b"abcd"
-
-            def xDlError6(self):
-                return None
-
-            def xDlError99(self):
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xDlError()
-
-            def xSleep1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xSleep2(self, microseconds):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xSleep3(self, microseconds):
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xSleep("three")
-
-            def xSleep4(self, microseconds):
-                return "three"
-
-            def xSleep5(self, microseconds):
-                return 0xffffffff0
-
-            def xSleep6(self, microseconds):
-                return 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0
-
-            def xSleep99(self, microseconds):
-                assert (type(microseconds) in (int, ))
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xSleep(microseconds)
-
-            def xCurrentTime1(self, bad, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xCurrentTime2(self):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xCurrentTime3(self):
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xCurrentTime("three")
-
-            def xCurrentTime4(self):
-                return "three"
-
-            def xCurrentTime5(self):
-                return math.exp(math.pi) * 26000
-
-            def xCurrentTimeCorrect(self):
-                # actual correct implementation http://stackoverflow.com/questions/466321/convert-unix-timestamp-to-julian
-                return time.time() / 86400.0 + 2440587.5
-
-            def xCurrentTime99(self):
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xCurrentTime()
-
-            def xGetLastError1(self, bad, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xGetLastError2(self):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xGetLastError3(self):
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xGetLastError("three")
-
-            def xGetLastError4(self):
-                return 3
-
-            def xGetLastError5(self):
-                return -17, "a" * 1500
-
-            def xGetLastError6(self):
-                return -0x7fffffff - 200, None
-
-            def xGetLastError7(self):
-                class te(tuple):
-                    def __getitem__(self, n):
-                        if n == 0:
-                            return 23
-                        1 / 0
-
-                return te((1, 2))
-
-            def xGetLastError8(self):
-                return 0, None
-
-            def xGetLastError9(self):
-                return 0, "Some sort of message"
-
-            def xGetLastError10(self):
-                return "banana", "Some sort of message"
-
-            def xGetLastError99(self):
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xGetLastError()
-
-            def xNextSystemCall1(self, bad, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xNextSystemCall2(self, name):
-                return 3
-
-            def xNextSystemCall3(self, name):
-                return "foo\xf3"
-
-            def xNextSystemCall4(self, name):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xNextSystemCall99(self, name):
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xNextSystemCall(name)
-
-            def xGetSystemCall1(self, bad, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xGetSystemCall2(self, name):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xGetSystemCall3(self, name):
-                return "fred"
-
-            def xGetSystemCall4(self, name):
-                return 3.7
-
-            def xGetSystemCall99(self, name):
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xGetSystemCall(name)
-
-            def xSetSystemCall1(self, bad, args, args3):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xSetSystemCall2(self, name, ptr):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xSetSystemCall3(self, name, ptr):
-                raise apsw.NotFoundError()
-
-            def xSetSystemCall99(self, name, ptr):
-                return super(TestVFS, self).xSetSystemCall(name, ptr)
-
-        class TestFile(apsw.VFSFile):
-            def init1(self, name, flags):
-                super(TestFile, self).__init__("bogus", "arguments")
-
-            def init2(self, name, flags):
-                super(TestFile, self).__init__("bogus", 3, 4)
-
-            def init3(self, name, flags):
-                super(TestFile, self).__init__("bogus", "4", 4)
-
-            def init4(self, name, flags):
-                super(TestFile, self).__init__("bogus", "4", [4, 4, 4, 4])
-
-            def init5(self, name, flags):
-                super(TestFile, self).__init__("", name, [0xffffffffeeeeeeee0, 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0])
-
-            def init6(self, name, flags):
-                super(TestFile, self).__init__("", name, [0xffffffffa, 0])  # 64 bit int vs long overflow
-
-            def init7(self, name, flags):
-                super(TestFile, self).__init__("", name, (6, 7))
-
-            def init8(self, name, flags):
-                super(TestFile, self).__init__("bogus", name, flags)
-
-            def init9(self, name, flags):
-                super(TestFile, self).__init__("", name, (6, "six"))
-
-            def init10(self, name, flags):
-                class badlist(list):  # doesn't allows setting an element
-                    def __init__(self, *args):
-                        super(badlist, self).__init__(args)
-
-                    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
-                        raise ValueError("container is frozen")
-
-                super(TestFile, self).__init__("", name, badlist(flags[0], flags[1]))
-
-            def init99(self, name, flags):
-                super(TestFile, self).__init__("", name, flags)
-
-            def xRead1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xRead2(self, amount, offset):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xRead3(self, amount, offset):
-                return 3
-
-            def xRead4(self, amount, offset):
-                return u"a" * amount
-
-            def xRead5(self, amount, offset):
-                return super(TestFile, self).xRead(amount - 1, offset)
-
-            def xRead99(self, amount, offset):
-                return super(TestFile, self).xRead(amount, offset)
-
-            def xWrite1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xWrite2(self, buffy, offset):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xWrite99(self, buffy, offset):
-                return super(TestFile, self).xWrite(buffy, offset)
-
-            def xUnlock1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xUnlock2(self, level):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xUnlock99(self, level):
-                return super(TestFile, self).xUnlock(level)
-
-            def xLock1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xLock2(self, level):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xLock99(self, level):
-                return super(TestFile, self).xLock(level)
-
-            def xTruncate1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xTruncate2(self, size):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xTruncate99(self, size):
-                return super(TestFile, self).xTruncate(size)
-
-            def xSync1(self, bad, number, of, arguments):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xSync2(self, flags):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xSync99(self, flags):
-                return super(TestFile, self).xSync(flags)
-
-            def xSectorSize1(self, bad, number, of, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xSectorSize2(self):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xSectorSize3(self):
-                return "three"
-
-            def xSectorSize4(self):
-                return 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0
-
-            def xSectorSize99(self):
-                return super(TestFile, self).xSectorSize()
-
-            def xDeviceCharacteristics1(self, bad, number, of, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xDeviceCharacteristics2(self):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xDeviceCharacteristics3(self):
-                return "three"
-
-            def xDeviceCharacteristics4(self):
-                return 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0
-
-            def xDeviceCharacteristics99(self):
-                return super(TestFile, self).xDeviceCharacteristics()
-
-            def xFileSize1(self, bad, number, of, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xFileSize2(self):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xFileSize3(self):
-                return "three"
-
-            def xFileSize4(self):
-                return 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0
-
-            def xFileSize99(self):
-                res = super(TestFile, self).xFileSize()
-                if res < 100000:
-                    return int(res)
-                return res
-
-            def xCheckReservedLock1(self, bad, number, of, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xCheckReservedLock2(self):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xCheckReservedLock3(self):
-                return "three"
-
-            def xCheckReservedLock4(self):
-                return 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0
-
-            def xCheckReservedLock99(self):
-                return super(TestFile, self).xCheckReservedLock()
-
-            def xFileControl1(self, bad, number, of, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xFileControl2(self, op, ptr):
-                1 / 0
-
-            def xFileControl3(self, op, ptr):
-                return "banana"
-
-            def xFileControl99(self, op, ptr):
-                if op == 1027:
-                    assert (ptr == 1027)
-                elif op == 1028:
-                    if ctypes:
-                        assert (True is ctypes.py_object.from_address(ptr).value)
-                else:
-                    return super(TestFile, self).xFileControl(op, ptr)
-                return True
-
-        TestVFS.xCurrentTime = TestVFS.xCurrentTimeCorrect
-
-        # check initialization
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.VFS, "3", 3)
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, apsw.VFS, "never", "klgfkljdfsljgklfjdsglkdfs")
-        self.assertTrue("never" not in apsw.vfsnames())
-        TestVFS.__init__ = TestVFS.init1
-        vfs = TestVFS()
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, apsw.VFSNotImplementedError, testdb)
-        del vfs
-        gc.collect()
-        TestVFS.__init__ = TestVFS.init99
-        vfs = TestVFS()
-
-        # Should work without any overridden methods
-        testdb()
-
-        ## xDelete
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xDelete, "bogus", "arguments")
-        TestVFS.xDelete = TestVFS.xDelete1
-        err = [apsw.IOError, apsw.IOError][iswindows]
-        self.assertRaises(err, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, err, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xDelete = TestVFS.xDelete2
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xDelete = TestVFS.xDelete3
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xDelete = TestVFS.xDelete4
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xDelete = TestVFS.xDelete99
-        testdb()
-
-        ## xAccess
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xAccess, "bogus", "arguments")
-        TestVFS.xAccess = TestVFS.xAccess1
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xAccess = TestVFS.xAccess2
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xAccess = TestVFS.xAccess3
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xAccess = TestVFS.xAccess4
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xAccess = TestVFS.xAccess99
-        if iswindows:
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, vfs.xAccess, u"<bad<filename:", apsw.SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE)
-        else:
-            self.assertEqual(False, vfs.xAccess(u"<bad<filename:", apsw.SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE))
-            self.assertEqual(True, vfs.xAccess(u".", apsw.SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS))
-        # unix vfs doesn't ever return error so we have to indirect through one of ours
-        errvfs = ErrorVFS()
-        errvfs.xAccess = errvfs.errorme
-        vfs2 = TestVFS("apswtest2", "errorvfs")
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, apsw.IOError, testdb, vfsname="apswtest2")
-        del vfs2
-        del errvfs
-        gc.collect()
-
-        ## xFullPathname
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xFullPathname, "bogus", "arguments")
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xFullPathname, 3)
-        TestVFS.xFullPathname = TestVFS.xFullPathname1
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xFullPathname = TestVFS.xFullPathname2
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xFullPathname = TestVFS.xFullPathname3
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xFullPathname = TestVFS.xFullPathname4
-        if not iswindows:
-            # SQLite doesn't give an error even though the vfs is silently truncating
-            # the full pathname.  See SQLite ticket 3373
-            self.assertMayRaiseUnraisable(apsw.CantOpenError, self.assertRaises, apsw.CantOpenError,
-                                          testdb)  # we get cantopen on the truncated fullname
-        TestVFS.xFullPathname = TestVFS.xFullPathname5
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.TooBigError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, apsw.TooBigError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xFullPathname = TestVFS.xFullPathname6
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xFullPathname = TestVFS.xFullPathname99
-        testdb()
-
-        ## xOpen
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xOpen, 3)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xOpen, 3, 3)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xOpen, None, (1, 2))
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, vfs.xOpen, None, [1, 2, 3])
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xOpen, None, ["1", 2])
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xOpen, None, [1, "2"])
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, vfs.xOpen, None, [0xffffffffeeeeeeee0, 2])
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, vfs.xOpen, None, [0xffffffff0, 2])
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, vfs.xOpen, None, [1, 0xffffffff0])
-        self.assertRaises(
-            apsw.CantOpenError,
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable,
-            apsw.CantOpenError,
-            testdb,
-            filename="notadir/notexist/nochance")  # can't open due to intermediate directories not existing
-        TestVFS.xOpen = TestVFS.xOpen1
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xOpen = TestVFS.xOpen2
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xOpen = TestVFS.xOpen3
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.CantOpenError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xOpen = TestVFS.xOpen4
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, AttributeError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xOpen = TestVFS.xOpen99
-        testdb()
-
-        if hasattr(apsw.Connection(":memory:"), "enableloadextension") and os.path.exists(LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME):
-            ## xDlOpen
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xDlOpen, 3)
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xDlOpen, b"\xfb\xfc\xfd\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff")
-            TestVFS.xDlOpen = TestVFS.xDlOpen1
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlOpen = TestVFS.xDlOpen2
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlOpen = TestVFS.xDlOpen3
-            # skip testing xDlOpen3 as python is happy to convert -1 to void ptr!
-            TestVFS.xDlOpen = TestVFS.xDlOpen4
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlOpen = TestVFS.xDlOpen5
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlOpen = TestVFS.xDlOpen6
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlOpen = TestVFS.xDlOpen7
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, OverflowError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlOpen = TestVFS.xDlOpen99
-            testdb()
-
-            ## xDlSym
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xDlSym, 3)
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xDlSym, 3, 3)
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xDlSym, "three", "three")
-            TestVFS.xDlSym = TestVFS.xDlSym1
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlSym = TestVFS.xDlSym2
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlSym = TestVFS.xDlSym3
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlSym = TestVFS.xDlSym4
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlSym = TestVFS.xDlSym5
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlSym = TestVFS.xDlSym6
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, OverflowError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlSym = TestVFS.xDlSym99
-            testdb()
-
-            ## xDlClose
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xDlClose, "three")
-            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, vfs.xDlClose, 0xffffffffffffffff10)
-            TestVFS.xDlClose = TestVFS.xDlClose1
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlClose = TestVFS.xDlClose2
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlClose = TestVFS.xDlClose3
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlClose = TestVFS.xDlClose99
-            testdb()
-
-            ## xDlError
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xDlError, "three")
-            TestVFS.xDlError = TestVFS.xDlError1
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlError = TestVFS.xDlError2
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlError = TestVFS.xDlError3
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlError = TestVFS.xDlError4
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlError = TestVFS.xDlError5
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
-            TestVFS.xDlError = TestVFS.xDlError6  # should not error
-            testdb()
-            TestVFS.xDlError = TestVFS.xDlError99
-            testdb()
-
-        ## xSleep
-        testtimeout = True
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xSleep, "three")
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xSleep, 3, 3)
-        TestVFS.xSleep = TestVFS.xSleep1
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb, mode="delete")
-        TestVFS.xSleep = TestVFS.xSleep2
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, testdb, mode="delete")
-        TestVFS.xSleep = TestVFS.xSleep3
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb, mode="delete")
-        TestVFS.xSleep = TestVFS.xSleep4
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb, mode="delete")
-        TestVFS.xSleep = TestVFS.xSleep5
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(OverflowError, testdb, mode="delete")
-        TestVFS.xSleep = TestVFS.xSleep6
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(OverflowError, testdb, mode="delete")
-        TestVFS.xSleep = TestVFS.xSleep99
-        testdb(mode="delete")
-        testtimeout = False
-
-        ## xCurrentTime
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xCurrentTime, "three")
-        TestVFS.xCurrentTime = TestVFS.xCurrentTime1
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xCurrentTime = TestVFS.xCurrentTime2
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xCurrentTime = TestVFS.xCurrentTime3
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xCurrentTime = TestVFS.xCurrentTime4
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xCurrentTime = TestVFS.xCurrentTime5
-        testdb()
-        TestVFS.xCurrentTime = TestVFS.xCurrentTime99
-        self.assertMayRaiseUnraisable(apsw.VFSNotImplementedError, testdb)
-        TestVFS.xCurrentTime = TestVFS.xCurrentTimeCorrect
-
-        ## xGetLastError
-        # We can't directly test because the methods are called as side effects
-        # of other errors.  However coverage shows we are exercising the code.
-        def provoke_error():
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.CantOpenError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, apsw.CantOpenError, testdb, attachdb='.')
-
-        for n in range(1, 11):
-            TestVFS.xGetLastError = getattr(TestVFS, "xGetLastError" + str(n))
-            provoke_error()
-
-        TestVFS.xGetLastError = TestVFS.xGetLastError99
-        provoke_error()
-
-        ## System call stuff
-        if "unix" in apsw.vfsnames() and "APSW_NO_MEMLEAK" not in os.environ:
-
-            class VFS2(apsw.VFS):
-                def __init__(self):
-                    apsw.VFS.__init__(self, "apswtest2", "apswtest")
-
-            vfs2 = VFS2()
-
-            ## xNextSystemCall
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xNextSystemCall, 0)
-            items = [None]
-            while True:
-                n = vfs.xNextSystemCall(items[-1])
-                if n is None:
-                    break
-                items.append(n)
-            items = items[1:]
-            self.assertNotEqual(0, len(items))
-            self.assertTrue("open" in items)
-
-            TestVFS.xNextSystemCall = TestVFS.xNextSystemCall1
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, vfs2.xNextSystemCall, "open")
-            TestVFS.xNextSystemCall = TestVFS.xNextSystemCall2
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, vfs2.xNextSystemCall, "open")
-            TestVFS.xNextSystemCall = TestVFS.xNextSystemCall4
-            self.assertEqual(None, self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, vfs2.xNextSystemCall, "open"))
-            TestVFS.xNextSystemCall = TestVFS.xNextSystemCall99
-            vfs2.xNextSystemCall("open")
-
-            ## xGetSystemCall
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xGetSystemCall)
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xGetSystemCall, 3)
-            self.assertEqual(None, vfs.xGetSystemCall("a name that won't exist"))
-            self.assertTrue(isinstance(vfs.xGetSystemCall("open"), (int, )))
-
-            TestVFS.xGetSystemCall = TestVFS.xGetSystemCall1
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, vfs2.xGetSystemCall, "open")
-            TestVFS.xGetSystemCall = TestVFS.xGetSystemCall2
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, vfs2.xGetSystemCall, "open")
-            TestVFS.xGetSystemCall = TestVFS.xGetSystemCall3
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, vfs2.xGetSystemCall, "open")
-            TestVFS.xGetSystemCall = TestVFS.xGetSystemCall4
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, vfs2.xGetSystemCall, "open")
-            TestVFS.xGetSystemCall = TestVFS.xGetSystemCall99
-            self.assertTrue(vfs2.xGetSystemCall("open") > 0)
-
-            ## xSetSystemCall
-            fallback = apsw.VFS("fallback", base="")  # undo any damage we do
-            try:
-                self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xSetSystemCall)
-                self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xSetSystemCall, 3, 4)
-                self.assertRaises((TypeError, ValueError), vfs.xSetSystemCall, "a\0b", 4)
-                self.assertRaises(TypeError, vfs.xSetSystemCall, "none", 3.7)
-                realopen = vfs.xGetSystemCall("open")
-                self.assertEqual(False, vfs.xSetSystemCall("doesn't exist", 0))
-                self.assertEqual(True, vfs.xSetSystemCall("open", realopen + 1))
-                self.assertEqual(realopen + 1, vfs.xGetSystemCall("open"))
-                self.assertEqual(True, vfs.xSetSystemCall("open", realopen))
-                TestVFS.xSetSystemCall = TestVFS.xSetSystemCall1
-                self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, vfs2.xSetSystemCall, "open",
-                                  realopen)
-                TestVFS.xSetSystemCall = TestVFS.xSetSystemCall2
-                self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, vfs2.xSetSystemCall,
-                                  "open", realopen)
-                TestVFS.xSetSystemCall = TestVFS.xSetSystemCall3
-                self.assertEqual(False, vfs2.xSetSystemCall("doesn't exist", 0))
-                TestVFS.xSetSystemCall = TestVFS.xSetSystemCall99
-                self.assertEqual(True, vfs2.xSetSystemCall("open", realopen))
-            finally:
-                # undocumented - this resets all calls to their defaults
-                fallback.xSetSystemCall(None, 0)
-                fallback.unregister()
-
-        ##
-        ## VFS file testing
-        ##
-
-        ## init
-        TestVFS.xOpen = TestVFS.xOpen100
-
-        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init1
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init2
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init3
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init4
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ValueError, testdb)
-        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init5
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, OverflowError, testdb)
-        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init6
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, OverflowError, testdb)
-        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init7
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init8
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ValueError, testdb)
-        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init9
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init10
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ValueError, testdb)
-        TestFile.__init__ = TestFile.init99
-        testdb()  # should work just fine
-
-        # cause an open failure
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.CantOpenError, TestFile, ".",
-                          [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE, 0])
-
-        ## xRead
-        t = TestFile(os.path.abspath(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testfile"),
-                     [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE, 0])
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xRead, "three", "four")
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, t.xRead, 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0, 1)
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, t.xRead, 1, 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0)
-        TestFile.xRead = TestFile.xRead1
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xRead = TestFile.xRead2
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xRead = TestFile.xRead3
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xRead = TestFile.xRead4
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xRead = TestFile.xRead5
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, self.assertMayRaiseUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xRead = TestFile.xRead99
-        testdb()
-
-        ## xWrite
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xWrite, "three", "four")
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, t.xWrite, b"three", 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xWrite, u"foo", 0)
-        TestFile.xWrite = TestFile.xWrite1
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xWrite = TestFile.xWrite2
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xWrite = TestFile.xWrite99
-        testdb()
-
-        ## xUnlock
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xUnlock, "three")
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, t.xUnlock, 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0)
-        # doesn't care about nonsensical levels - assert fails in debug build
-        # t.xUnlock(-1)
-        if not apsw.connection_hooks:
-            TestFile.xUnlock = TestFile.xUnlock1
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-            TestFile.xUnlock = TestFile.xUnlock2
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xUnlock = TestFile.xUnlock99
-        testdb()
-
-        ## xLock
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xLock, "three")
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, t.xLock, 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0)
-        # doesn't care about nonsensical levels - assert fails in debug build
-        # t.xLock(0xffffff)
-        TestFile.xLock = TestFile.xLock1
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xLock = TestFile.xLock2
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xLock = TestFile.xLock99
-        testdb()
-
-        ## xTruncate
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xTruncate, "three")
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, t.xTruncate, 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0)
-        if not iswindows:
-            # windows is happy to truncate to -77 bytes
-            # see https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3415
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, t.xTruncate, -77)
-        TestFile.xTruncate = TestFile.xTruncate1
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xTruncate = TestFile.xTruncate2
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xTruncate = TestFile.xTruncate99
-        testdb()
-
-        ## xSync
-        saved = apsw.connection_hooks
-        apsw.connection_hooks = []
-        try:
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xSync, "three")
-            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, t.xSync, 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0)
-            TestFile.xSync = TestFile.xSync1
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-            TestFile.xSync = TestFile.xSync2
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-            TestFile.xSync = TestFile.xSync99
-            testdb()
-        finally:
-            apsw.connection_hooks = saved
-            
-        ## xSectorSize
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xSectorSize, 3)
-        TestFile.xSectorSize = TestFile.xSectorSize1
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xSectorSize = TestFile.xSectorSize2
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xSectorSize = TestFile.xSectorSize3
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xSectorSize = TestFile.xSectorSize4
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(OverflowError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xSectorSize = TestFile.xSectorSize99
-        testdb()
-
-        ## xDeviceCharacteristics
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xDeviceCharacteristics, 3)
-        TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics = TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics1
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics = TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics2
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics = TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics3
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics = TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics4
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(OverflowError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics = TestFile.xDeviceCharacteristics99
-        testdb()
-
-        ## xFileSize
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xFileSize, 3)
-        TestFile.xFileSize = TestFile.xFileSize1
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xFileSize = TestFile.xFileSize2
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xFileSize = TestFile.xFileSize3
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xFileSize = TestFile.xFileSize4
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, OverflowError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xFileSize = TestFile.xFileSize99
-        testdb()
-
-        ## xCheckReservedLock
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xCheckReservedLock, 8)
-        if not iswindows:
-            # we don't do checkreservedlock test on windows as the
-            # various files that need to be copied and finagled behind
-            # the scenes are locked
-            TestFile.xCheckReservedLock = TestFile.xCheckReservedLock1
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-            TestFile.xCheckReservedLock = TestFile.xCheckReservedLock2
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, testdb)
-            TestFile.xCheckReservedLock = TestFile.xCheckReservedLock3
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, testdb)
-            TestFile.xCheckReservedLock = TestFile.xCheckReservedLock4
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, OverflowError, testdb)
-        TestFile.xCheckReservedLock = TestFile.xCheckReservedLock99
-        db = testdb()
-
-        ## xFileControl
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xFileControl, "three", "four")
-        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, t.xFileControl, 10, 0xffffffffeeeeeeee0)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.xFileControl, 10, "three")
-        self.assertEqual(t.xFileControl(2000, 3000), False)
-        fc1 = testdb(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", closedb=False).filecontrol
-        fc2 = testdb(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb2", closedb=False).filecontrol
-        TestFile.xFileControl = TestFile.xFileControl1
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, fc1, "main", 1027, 1027)
-        TestFile.xFileControl = TestFile.xFileControl2
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, ZeroDivisionError, fc2, "main", 1027, 1027)
-        TestFile.xFileControl = TestFile.xFileControl3
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, fc2, "main", 1027, 1027)
-        TestFile.xFileControl = TestFile.xFileControl99
-        del fc1
-        del fc2
-        # these should work
-        testdb(closedb=False).filecontrol("main", 1027, 1027)
-        if ctypes:
-            objwrap = ctypes.py_object(True)
-            testdb(closedb=False).filecontrol("main", 1028, ctypes.addressof(objwrap))
-        # for coverage
-        class VFSx(apsw.VFS):
-            def __init__(self):
-                apsw.VFS.__init__(self, "filecontrol", "apswtest")
-
-        vfs2 = VFSx()
-        testdb(vfsname="filecontrol", closedb=False).filecontrol("main", 1027, 1027)
-        del vfs2
-
-        ## xClose
-        t.xClose()
-        # make sure there is no problem closing twice
-        t.xClose()
-        del t
-        gc.collect()
-
-        t = apsw.VFSFile("", os.path.abspath(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testfile2"),
-                         [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE, 0])
-        t.xClose()
-        # check all functions detect closed file
-        for n in dir(t):
-            if n not in ('xClose', 'excepthook') and not n.startswith("__"):
-                self.assertRaises(apsw.VFSFileClosedError, getattr(t, n))
-
-    def testWith(self):
-        "Context manager functionality"
-
-        # Does it work?
-        # the autocommit tests are to make sure we are not in a transaction
-        self.assertEqual(True, self.db.getautocommit())
-        self.assertTableNotExists("foo1")
-        with self.db as db:
-            db.cursor().execute('create table foo1(x)')
-        self.assertTableExists("foo1")
-        self.assertEqual(True, self.db.getautocommit())
-
-        # with an error
-        self.assertEqual(True, self.db.getautocommit())
-        self.assertTableNotExists("foo2")
-        try:
-            with self.db as db:
-                db.cursor().execute('create table foo2(x)')
-                1 / 0
-        except ZeroDivisionError:
-            pass
-        self.assertTableNotExists("foo2")
-        self.assertEqual(True, self.db.getautocommit())
-
-        # nested - simple - success
-        with self.db as db:
-            self.assertEqual(False, self.db.getautocommit())
-            db.cursor().execute('create table foo2(x)')
-            with db as db2:
-                self.assertEqual(False, self.db.getautocommit())
-                db.cursor().execute('create table foo3(x)')
-                with db2 as db3:
-                    self.assertEqual(False, self.db.getautocommit())
-                    db.cursor().execute('create table foo4(x)')
-        self.assertEqual(True, self.db.getautocommit())
-        self.assertTableExists("foo2")
-        self.assertTableExists("foo3")
-        self.assertTableExists("foo4")
-
-        # nested - simple - failure
-        try:
-            self.db.cursor().execute('begin; create table foo5(x)')
-            with self.db as db:
-                self.assertEqual(False, self.db.getautocommit())
-                db.cursor().execute('create table foo6(x)')
-                with db as db2:
-                    self.assertEqual(False, self.db.getautocommit())
-                    db.cursor().execute('create table foo7(x)')
-                    with db2 as db3:
-                        self.assertEqual(False, self.db.getautocommit())
-                        db.cursor().execute('create table foo8(x)')
-                        1 / 0
-        except ZeroDivisionError:
-            pass
-        self.assertEqual(False, self.db.getautocommit())
-        self.db.cursor().execute("commit")
-        self.assertEqual(True, self.db.getautocommit())
-        self.assertTableExists("foo5")
-        self.assertTableNotExists("foo6")
-        self.assertTableNotExists("foo7")
-        self.assertTableNotExists("foo8")
-
-        # improve coverage and various corner cases
-        self.db.__enter__()
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.__exit__, 1)
-        for i in range(10):
-            self.db.__exit__(None, None, None)
-
-        # make an exit fail
-        self.db.__enter__()
-        self.db.cursor().execute("commit")
-        # deliberately futz with the outstanding transaction
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.db.__exit__, None, None, None)
-        self.db.__exit__(None, None, None)  # extra exit should be harmless
-
-        # exectracing
-        traces = []
-
-        def et(con, sql, bindings):
-            if con == self.db:
-                traces.append(sql)
-            return True
-
-        self.db.setexectrace(et)
-        try:
-            with self.db as db:
-                db.cursor().execute('create table foo2(x)')
-        except apsw.SQLError:  # table already exists so we should get an error
-            pass
-
-        # check we saw the right things in the traces
-        self.assertTrue(len(traces) == 3)
-        for s in traces:
-            self.assertTrue("SAVEPOINT" in s.upper())
-
-        def et(*args):
-            return BadIsTrue()
-
-        self.db.setexectrace(et)
-        try:
-            with self.db as db:
-                db.cursor().execute('create table etfoo2(x)')
-        except ZeroDivisionError:
-            pass
-        self.assertTableNotExists("etfoo2")
-
-        def et(*args):
-            return False
-
-        self.db.setexectrace(et)
-        try:
-            with self.db as db:
-                db.cursor().execute('create table etfoo2(x)')
-        except apsw.ExecTraceAbort:
-            pass
-        self.db.setexectrace(None)
-        self.assertTableNotExists("etfoo2")
-
-        # test blobs with context manager
-        self.db.cursor().execute("create table blobby(x); insert into blobby values(x'aabbccddee')")
-        rowid = self.db.last_insert_rowid()
-        blob = self.db.blobopen('main', 'blobby', 'x', rowid, 0)
-        with blob as b:
-            self.assertEqual(id(blob), id(b))
-            b.read(1)
-        # blob gives ValueError if you do operations on closed blob
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, blob.read)
-
-        self.db.cursor().execute("insert into blobby values(x'aabbccddee')")
-        rowid = self.db.last_insert_rowid()
-        blob = self.db.blobopen('main', 'blobby', 'x', rowid, 0)
-        try:
-            with blob as b:
-                self.assertEqual(id(blob), id(b))
-                1 / 0
-                b.read(1)
-        except ZeroDivisionError:
-            # blob gives ValueError if you do operating on closed blob
-            self.assertRaises(ValueError, blob.read)
-
-        # backup code
-        if not hasattr(self.db, "backup"): return  # experimental
-        db2 = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-        with db2.backup("main", self.db, "main") as b:
-            while not b.done:
-                b.step(1)
-        self.assertEqual(b.done, True)
-        self.assertDbIdentical(self.db, db2)
-
-    def fillWithRandomStuff(self, db, seed=1):
-        "Fills a database with random content"
-        db.cursor().execute("create table a(x)")
-        for i in range(1, 11):
-            db.cursor().execute("insert into a values(?)",
-                                ("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaabbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb" * i * 8192, ))
-
-    def assertDbIdentical(self, db1, db2):
-        "Ensures databases are identical"
-        c1 = db1.cursor()
-        c2 = db2.cursor()
-        self.assertEqual(list(c1.execute("select * from sqlite_master order by _ROWID_")),
-                         list(c2.execute("select * from sqlite_master order by _ROWID_")))
-        for table in db1.cursor().execute("select name from sqlite_master where type='table'"):
-            table = table[0]
-            self.assertEqual(
-                list(c1.execute("select * from [%s] order by _ROWID_" % (table, ))),
-                list(c2.execute("select * from [%s] order by _ROWID_" % (table, ))),
-            )
-        for table in db2.cursor().execute("select name from sqlite_master where type='table'"):
-            table = table[0]
-            self.assertEqual(
-                list(c1.execute("select * from [%s] order by _ROWID_" % (table, ))),
-                list(c2.execute("select * from [%s] order by _ROWID_" % (table, ))),
-            )
-
-    def testBackup(self):
-        "Verify hot backup functionality"
-        # bad calls
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.backup, "main", "main", "main", "main")
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.backup, "main", 3, "main")
-        db2 = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-        db2.close()
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.db.backup, "main", db2, "main")
-        # can't copy self
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.db.backup, "main", self.db, "it doesn't care what is here")
-
-        # try and get inuse error
-        dbt = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-        vals = {"stop": False, "raised": False}
-
-        def wt():
-            # worker thread spins grabbing and releasing inuse flag
-            while not vals["stop"]:
-                try:
-                    dbt.setbusytimeout(100)
-                except apsw.ThreadingViolationError:
-                    # this means main thread grabbed inuse first
-                    pass
-
-        t = ThreadRunner(wt)
-        t.start()
-        b4 = time.time()
-        # try to get inuse error for 30 seconds
-        try:
-            try:
-                while not vals["stop"] and time.time() - b4 < 30:
-                    self.db.backup("main", dbt, "main").close()
-            except apsw.ThreadingViolationError:
-                vals["stop"] = True
-                vals["raised"] = True
-        finally:
-            vals["stop"] = True
-
-        # standard usage
-        db2 = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-        self.fillWithRandomStuff(db2)
-
-        b = self.db.backup("main", db2, "main")
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, b.step, '3')
-        try:
-            b.step(1)
-            self.assertTrue(b.remaining > 0)
-            self.assertTrue(b.pagecount > 0)
-            while not b.done:
-                b.step(1)
-        finally:
-            b.finish()
-        self.assertDbIdentical(self.db, db2)
-        self.db.cursor().execute("drop table a")
-
-        # don't clean up
-        b = self.db.backup("main", db2, "main")
-        try:
-            while not b.done:
-                b.step(1)
-        finally:
-            b.finish()
-
-        self.assertDbIdentical(self.db, db2)
-        del b
-        del db2
-        fname = self.db.filename
-        self.db = None
-        gc.collect()
-
-        # check dest db can't be used for anything else
-        db2 = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-        c = db2.cursor()
-        c.execute("create table x(y); insert into x values(3); select * from x")
-        self.db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-        self.fillWithRandomStuff(self.db)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.ThreadingViolationError, db2.backup, "main", self.db, "main")
-        c.close()
-        b = db2.backup("main", self.db, "main")
-        # double check cursor really is dead
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.CursorClosedError, c.execute, "select 3")
-        # with the backup object existing, all operations on db2 should fail
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.ThreadingViolationError, db2.cursor)
-        # finish and then trying to step
-        b.finish()
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.ConnectionClosedError, b.step)
-
-        # make step and finish fail with locked error
-        self.db = apsw.Connection(fname)
-
-        def lockerr():
-            db2 = apsw.Connection(self.db.filename)
-            db2.cursor().execute("begin exclusive")
-            db3 = apsw.Connection(self.db.filename)
-            b = db3.backup("main", self.db, "main")
-            # if step gets busy then so does finish, but step has to be called at least once
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, b.step)
-            return b
-
-        b = lockerr()
-        b.close(True)
-        del b
-        b = lockerr()
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, b.close, False)
-        del b
-
-        b = lockerr()
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, b.finish)
-        b.finish()  # should be ok the second time
-        del b
-
-        b = lockerr()
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, b.close, "3")
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, b.close, False)
-        b.close()  # should also be ok
-        del b
-
-        def f():
-            b = lockerr()
-            del b
-            gc.collect()
-
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(apsw.BusyError, f)
-
-        # coverage
-        b = lockerr()
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, b.__exit__, 3)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.BusyError, b.__exit__, None, None, None)
-        b.__exit__(None, None, None)
-
-    def testLog(self):
-        "Verifies logging functions"
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.log)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.log, 1)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.log, 1, 2)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.log, 1, 2, 3)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.log, 1, None)
-        apsw.log(apsw.SQLITE_MISUSE, "Hello world")  # nothing should happen
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.config, apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, 2)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apsw.config, apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG)
-        # Can't change once SQLite is initialised
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.MisuseError, apsw.config, apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, None)
-        # shutdown
-        self.db = None
-        gc.collect()
-        apsw.shutdown()
-        try:
-            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, None)
-            apsw.log(apsw.SQLITE_MISUSE, "Hello world")
-            called = [0]
-
-            def handler(code, message, called=called):
-                called[0] += 1
-                self.assertEqual(code, apsw.SQLITE_MISUSE)
-                self.assertEqual(message, u"a \u1234 unicode ' \ufe54 string \u0089")
-
-            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, handler)
-            apsw.log(apsw.SQLITE_MISUSE, u"a \u1234 unicode ' \ufe54 string \u0089")
-            self.assertEqual(called[0], 1)
-
-            def badhandler(code, message, called=called):
-                called[0] += 1
-                self.assertEqual(code, apsw.SQLITE_NOMEM)
-                self.assertEqual(message, u"Xa \u1234 unicode ' \ufe54 string \u0089")
-                1 / 0
-
-            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, badhandler)
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(ZeroDivisionError, apsw.log, apsw.SQLITE_NOMEM,
-                                        u"Xa \u1234 unicode ' \ufe54 string \u0089")
-            self.assertEqual(called[0], 2)
-        finally:
-            gc.collect()
-            apsw.shutdown()
-            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, None)
-
-    def testReadonly(self):
-        "Check Connection.readonly()"
-        self.assertEqual(self.db.readonly("main"), False)
-        c = apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", flags=apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY)
-        self.assertEqual(c.readonly("main"), True)
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.db.readonly, "sdfsd")
-
-        class foo:
-            def __str__(self):
-                1 / 0
-
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.db.readonly, foo())
-
-    def testFilename(self):
-        "Check connections and filenames"
-        self.assertTrue(self.db.filename.endswith("testdb"))
-        self.assertTrue(os.sep in self.db.filename)
-        self.assertEqual(self.db.filename, self.db.db_filename("main"))
-        self.db.cursor().execute("attach '%s' as foo" % (TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb2", ))
-        self.assertEqual(self.db.filename + "2", self.db.db_filename("foo"))
-
-    def testShell(self, shellclass=None):
-        "Check Shell functionality"
-        if shellclass is None:
-            shellclass = apsw.Shell
-
-        fh = [open(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-" + t, "w+", encoding="utf8") for t in ("in", "out", "err")]
-        kwargs = {"stdin": fh[0], "stdout": fh[1], "stderr": fh[2]}
-
-        def reset():
-            for i in fh:
-                i.truncate(0)
-                i.seek(0)
-
-        def isempty(x):
-            self.assertEqual(get(x), "")
-
-        def isnotempty(x):
-            self.assertNotEqual(len(get(x)), 0)
-
-        def cmd(c):
-            assert fh[0].tell() == 0
-            fh[0].truncate(0)
-            fh[0].seek(0)
-            fh[0].write(c)
-            fh[0].seek(0)
-
-        def get(x):
-            x.seek(0)
-            return x.read()
-
-        # Make one
-        shellclass(stdin=fh[0], stdout=fh[1], stderr=fh[2])
-
-        # Lets give it some harmless sql arguments and do a sanity check
-        s = shellclass(args=[TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", "create table x(x)", "insert into x values(1)"], **kwargs)
-        self.assertTrue(s.db.filename.endswith("testdb"))
-        # do a dump and check our table is there with its values
-        s.command_dump([])
-        self.assertTrue("x(x)" in get(fh[1]))
-        self.assertTrue("(1);" in get(fh[1]))
-
-        # empty args
-        self.assertEqual((None, [], []), s.process_args(None))
-
-        # input description
-        reset()
-        write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "wt", "syntax error")
-        try:
-            shellclass(args=[TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", ".read %stest-shell-1" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, )], **kwargs)
-        except shellclass.Error:
-            self.assertTrue("test-shell-1" in get(fh[2]))
-            isempty(fh[1])
-
-        # Check single and double dash behave the same
-        reset()
-        try:
-            shellclass(args=["-init"], **kwargs)
-        except shellclass.Error:
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            self.assertTrue("specify a filename" in get(fh[2]))
-
-        reset()
-        s = shellclass(**kwargs)
-        try:
-            s.process_args(["--init"])
-        except shellclass.Error:
-            self.assertTrue("specify a filename" in str(sys.exc_info()[1]))
-
-        # various command line options
-        # an invalid one
-        reset()
-        try:
-            shellclass(args=["---tripledash"], **kwargs)
-        except shellclass.Error:
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            self.assertTrue("-tripledash" in get(fh[2]))
-            self.assertTrue("--tripledash" not in get(fh[2]))
-
-        ###
-        ### --init
-        ###
-        reset()
-        write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "wt", "syntax error")
-        try:
-            shellclass(args=["-init", TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1"], **kwargs)
-        except shellclass.Error:
-            # we want to make sure it read the file
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            self.assertTrue("syntax error" in get(fh[2]))
-        reset()
-        write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "wt", "select 3;")
-        shellclass(args=["-init", TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1"], **kwargs)
-        # we want to make sure it read the file
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue("3" in get(fh[1]))
-
-        ###
-        ### --header
-        ###
-        reset()
-        s = shellclass(**kwargs)
-        s.process_args(["--header"])
-        self.assertEqual(s.header, True)
-        s.process_args(["--noheader"])
-        self.assertEqual(s.header, False)
-        s.process_args(["--noheader", "-header", "-noheader", "--header"])
-        self.assertEqual(s.header, True)
-        # did they actually turn on?
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        s.process_args([TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", ".mode column", "select 3"])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue("3" in get(fh[1]))
-        self.assertTrue("----" in get(fh[1]))
-
-        ###
-        ### --echo, --bail, --interactive
-        ###
-        reset()
-        for v in ("echo", "bail", "interactive"):
-            s = shellclass(**kwargs)
-            b4 = getattr(s, v)
-            s.process_args(["--" + v])
-            # setting should have changed
-            self.assertNotEqual(b4, getattr(s, v))
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isempty(fh[2])
-
-        ###
-        ### --batch
-        ###
-        reset()
-        s = shellclass(**kwargs)
-        s.interactive = True
-        s.process_args(["-batch"])
-        self.assertEqual(s.interactive, False)
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-
-        ###
-        ### --separator, --nullvalue, --encoding
-        ###
-        for v, val in ("separator", "\n"), ("nullvalue", "abcdef"), ("encoding", "iso8859-1"):
-            reset()
-            s = shellclass(args=["--" + v, val], **kwargs)
-            # We need the eval because shell processes backslashes in
-            # string.  After deliberating that is the right thing to
-            # do
-            if v == "encoding":
-                self.assertEqual((val, None), getattr(s, v))
-            else:
-                self.assertEqual(val, getattr(s, v))
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isempty(fh[2])
-            self.assertRaises(shellclass.Error, shellclass, args=["-" + v, val, "--" + v], **kwargs)
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            self.assertTrue(v in get(fh[2]))
-
-        ###
-        ### --version
-        ###
-        reset()
-        self.assertRaises(SystemExit, shellclass, args=["--version"], **kwargs)
-        # it writes to stdout
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue(apsw.sqlitelibversion() in get(fh[1]))
-
-        ###
-        ### --help
-        ###
-        reset()
-        self.assertRaises(SystemExit, shellclass, args=["--help"], **kwargs)
-        # it writes to stderr
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        self.assertTrue("-version" in get(fh[2]))
-
-        ###
-        ### Items that correspond to output mode
-        ###
-        reset()
-        shellclass(args=[
-            "--python", "--column", "--python", ":memory:", "create table x(x)", "insert into x values(x'aa')",
-            "select * from x;"
-        ],
-                   **kwargs)
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue('b"' in get(fh[1]) or "buffer(" in get(fh[1]))
-
-        ###
-        ### Is process_unknown_args called as documented?
-        ###
-        reset()
-
-        class s2(shellclass):
-            def process_unknown_args(self, args):
-                1 / 0
-
-        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, s2, args=["--unknown"], **kwargs)
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        self.assertTrue("division" in get(fh[2]))  # py2 says "integer division", py3 says "int division"
-
-        class s3(shellclass):
-            def process_unknown_args(_, args):
-                self.assertEqual(args[0:2], ["myoption", "myvalue"])
-                return args[2:]
-
-        reset()
-        self.assertRaises(s3.Error, s3, args=["--python", "--myoption", "myvalue", "--init"], **kwargs)
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        self.assertTrue("-init" in get(fh[2]))
-
-        ###
-        ### .open
-        ####
-        reset()
-        s = shellclass(**kwargs)
-        self.assertTrue(s.db.filename == "")
-        for n in "testdb", "testdb2", "testdb3":
-            fn = TESTFILEPREFIX + n
-            reset()
-            cmd(".open " + fn)
-            s.cmdloop()
-            self.assertTrue(s.db.filename.endswith(fn))
-        reset()
-        fn = TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb"
-        cmd(".open " + fn)
-        cmd("create table foo(x); insert into foo values(2);")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        for row in s.db.cursor().execute("select * from foo"):
-            break
-        else:
-            self.fail("Table doesn't have any rows")
-        reset()
-        cmd(".open --new " + fn)
-        s.cmdloop()
-        for row in s.db.cursor().execute("select * from sqlite_master"):
-            self.fail("--new didn't wipe file")
-
-        ###
-        ### Some test data
-        ###
-        reset()
-        s = shellclass(**kwargs)
-        s.cmdloop()
-
-        def testnasty():
-            reset()
-            # py 3 barfs with any codepoints above 0xffff whining
-            # about surrogates not being allowed.  If only it
-            # implemented unicode properly.
-            cmd(u"create table if not exists nastydata(x,y); insert into nastydata values(null,'xxx\\u1234\\uabcdyyy\r\n\t\"this is nasty\u0001stuff!');"
-                )
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isempty(fh[2])
-            reset()
-            cmd(".bail on\n.header OFF\nselect * from nastydata;")
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[2])
-            isnotempty(fh[1])
-
-        ###
-        ### Output formats - column
-        ###
-        reset()
-        x = 'a' * 20
-        cmd(".mode column\n.header ON\nselect '" + x + "';")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        # colwidth should be 2 more
-        sep = '-' * (len(x) + 2)  # apostrophes quoting string in column header
-        out = get(fh[1]).replace("\n", "")
-        self.assertEqual(len(out.split(sep)), 2)
-        self.assertEqual(len(out.split(sep)[0]), len(x) + 2)  # plus two apostrophes
-        self.assertEqual(len(out.split(sep)[1]), len(x) + 2)  # same
-        self.assertTrue("  " in out.split(sep)[1])  # space padding
-        # make sure truncation happens
-        reset()
-        cmd(".width 5\nselect '" + x + "';\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue("a" * 6 not in get(fh[1]))
-        # right justification
-        reset()
-        cmd(".header off\n.width -3 -3\nselect 3,3;\n.width 3 3\nselect 3,3;")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        v = get(fh[1])
-        self.assertTrue(v.startswith("  3    3"))
-        v = v.split("\n")
-        self.assertNotEqual(v[0], v[1])
-        self.assertEqual(len(v[0]), len(v[1]))
-        # do not output blob as is
-        self.assertTrue(u"\xaa" not in get(fh[1]))
-        # undo explain
-        reset()
-        cmd(".explain OFF\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        testnasty()
-
-        ###
-        ### Output formats - csv
-        ###
-        reset()
-        # mode change should reset separator
-        cmd(".separator F\n.mode csv\nselect 3,3;\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue("3,3" in get(fh[1]))
-        # tab sep
-        reset()
-        cmd(".separator '\\t'\nselect 3,3;\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue("3\t3" in get(fh[1]))
-        # back to comma
-        reset()
-        cmd(".mode csv\nselect 3,3;\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue("3,3" in get(fh[1]))
-        # quoting
-        reset()
-        cmd(".header ON\nselect 3 as [\"one\"], 4 as [\t];\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue('"""one""",\t' in get(fh[1]))
-        # custom sep
-        reset()
-        cmd(".separator |\nselect 3 as [\"one\"], 4 as [\t];\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue("3|4\n" in get(fh[1]))
-        self.assertTrue('"one"|\t\n' in get(fh[1]))
-        # testnasty() - csv module is pretty much broken
-
-        ###
-        ### Output formats - html
-        ###
-        reset()
-        cmd(".mode html\n.header OFF\nselect 3,4;\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        # should be no header
-        self.assertTrue("<th>" not in get(fh[1]).lower())
-        # does it actually work?
-        self.assertTrue("<td>3</td>" in get(fh[1]).lower())
-        # check quoting works
-        reset()
-        cmd(".header ON\nselect 3 as [<>&];\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue("<th>&lt;&gt;&amp;</th>" in get(fh[1]).lower())
-        # do we output rows?
-        self.assertTrue("<tr>" in get(fh[1]).lower())
-        self.assertTrue("</tr>" in get(fh[1]).lower())
-        testnasty()
-
-        ###
-        ### Output formats - insert
-        ###
-        reset()
-        all = "3,3.1,'3.11',null,x'0311'"
-        cmd(".mode insert\n.header OFF\nselect " + all + ";\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue(all in get(fh[1]).lower())
-        # empty values
-        reset()
-        all = "0,0.0,'',null,x''"
-        cmd("select " + all + ";\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue(all in get(fh[1]).lower())
-        # header, separator and nullvalue should make no difference
-        save = get(fh[1])
-        reset()
-        cmd(".header ON\n.separator %\n.nullvalue +\nselect " + all + ";\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertEqual(save, get(fh[1]))
-        # check the table name
-        self.assertTrue(get(fh[1]).lower().startswith('insert into "table" values'))
-        reset()
-        cmd(".mode insert funkychicken\nselect " + all + ";\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue(get(fh[1]).lower().startswith("insert into funkychicken values"))
-        testnasty()
-
-        ###
-        ### Output formats - json
-        ###
-        reset()
-        all = "3,2.2,'string',null,x'0311'"
-        cmd(".mode json\n.header ON\n select " + all + ";")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        v = get(fh[1]).strip()
-        v = v[:-1]  # remove trailing comma
-        havejson = False
-        try:
-            import json
-            havejson = True
-        except ImportError:
-            try:
-                import simplejson as json
-                havejson = True
-            except ImportError:
-                pass
-        if havejson:
-            out = json.loads(v)
-            self.assertEqual(out, {"3": 3, "2.2": 2.2, "'string'": "string", "null": None, "x'0311'": "AxE="})
-        # a regular table
-        reset()
-        cmd("create table jsontest([int], [float], [string], [null], [blob]);insert into jsontest values(" + all +
-            ");select * from jsontest;")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        v = get(fh[1]).strip()[:-1]
-        if havejson:
-            out = json.loads(v)
-            self.assertEqual(out, {"int": 3, "float": 2.2, "string": "string", "null": None, "blob": "AxE="})
-        testnasty()
-
-        ###
-        ### Output formats - line
-        ###
-        reset()
-        cmd(".header OFF\n.nullvalue *\n.mode line\nselect 3 as a, null as b, 0.0 as c, 'a' as d, x'aa' as e;\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        out = get(fh[1]).replace(" ", "")
-        self.assertTrue("a=3\n" in out)
-        self.assertTrue("b=*\n" in out)
-        self.assertTrue("c=0.0\n" in out)
-        self.assertTrue("d=a\n" in out)
-        self.assertTrue("e=<Binarydata>\n" in out)
-        self.assertEqual(7, len(out.split("\n")))  # one for each col plus two trailing newlines
-        # header should make no difference
-        reset()
-        cmd(".header ON\n.nullvalue *\n.mode line\nselect 3 as a, null as b, 0.0 as c, 'a' as d, x'aa' as e;\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertEqual(out, get(fh[1]).replace(" ", ""))
-        # wide column name
-        reset()
-        ln = "kjsfhgjksfdjkgfhkjsdlafgjkhsdkjahfkjdsajfhsdja" * 12
-        cmd("select 3 as %s, 3 as %s1;" % (ln, ln))
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertEqual(get(fh[1]), " %s = 3\n%s1 = 3\n\n" % (ln, ln))
-        testnasty()
-
-        ###
-        ### Output formats - list
-        ###
-        reset()
-        cmd(".header off\n.mode list\n.nullvalue (\n.separator &\nselect 3 as a, null as b, 0.0 as c, 'a' as d, x'aa' as e;\n"
-            )
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertEqual(get(fh[1]), '3&(&0.0&a&<Binary data>\n')
-        reset()
-        # header on
-        cmd(".header on\n.mode list\n.nullvalue (\n.separator &\nselect 3 as a, null as b, 0.0 as c, 'a' as d, x'aa' as e;\n"
-            )
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue(get(fh[1]).startswith("a&b&c&d&e\n"))
-        testnasty()
-
-        ###
-        ### Output formats - python
-        ###
-        reset()
-        cmd(".header off\n.mode python\nselect 3 as a, null as b, 0.0 as c, 'a' as d, x'aa44bb' as e;\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        v = eval(get(fh[1]))
-        self.assertEqual(len(v), 1)  # 1 tuple
-        self.assertEqual(v, ((3, None, 0.0, 'a', b"\xaa\x44\xbb"), ))
-        reset()
-        cmd(".header on\n.mode python\nselect 3 as a, null as b, 0.0 as c, 'a' as d, x'aa44bb' as e;\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        v = eval("(" + get(fh[1]) + ")")  # need parentheses otherwise indent rules apply
-        self.assertEqual(len(v), 2)  # headers and row
-        self.assertEqual(v, (
-            ("a", "b", "c", "d", "e"),
-            (3, None, 0.0, 'a', b"\xaa\x44\xbb"),
-        ))
-        testnasty()
-
-        ###
-        ### Output formats - TCL
-        ###
-        reset()
-        cmd(".header off\n.mode tcl\n.separator -\n.nullvalue ?\nselect 3 as a, null as b, 0.0 as c, 'a' as d, x'aa44bb' as e;\n"
-            )
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertEqual(get(fh[1]), '"3"-"?"-"0.0"-"a"-"\\xAAD\\xBB"\n')
-        reset()
-        cmd(".header on\nselect 3 as a, null as b, 0.0 as c, 'a' as d, x'aa44bb' as e;\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue('"a"-"b"-"c"-"d"-"e"' in get(fh[1]))
-        testnasty()
-
-        # What happens if db cannot be opened?
-        s.process_args(args=["/"])
-        reset()
-        cmd("select * from sqlite_master;\n.bail on\nselect 3;\n")
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.CantOpenError, s.cmdloop)
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        self.assertTrue("unable to open database file" in get(fh[2]))
-
-        # echo testing - multiple statements
-        s.process_args([":memory:"])  # back to memory db
-        reset()
-        cmd(".bail off\n.echo on\nselect 3;\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        self.assertTrue("select 3;\n" in get(fh[2]))
-        # multiline
-        reset()
-        cmd("select 3;select 4;\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        self.assertTrue("select 3;\n" in get(fh[2]))
-        self.assertTrue("select 4;\n" in get(fh[2]))
-        # multiline with error
-        reset()
-        cmd("select 3;select error;select 4;\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        # worked line should be present
-        self.assertTrue("select 3;\n" in get(fh[2]))
-        # as should the error
-        self.assertTrue("no such column: error" in get(fh[2]))
-        # is timing info output correctly?
-        reset()
-        timersupported = False
-        try:
-            cmd(".bail on\n.echo off\n.timer on\n.timer off\n")
-            s.cmdloop()
-            timersupported = True
-        except s.Error:
-            pass
-
-        if timersupported:
-            reset()
-            # create something that should take some time to execute
-            s.db.cursor().execute("create table xyz(x); begin;")
-            s.db.cursor().executemany("insert into xyz values(?)", randomintegers(4000))
-            s.db.cursor().execute("end")
-            reset()
-            # this takes .6 seconds on my machine so we should
-            # definitely have non-zero timing information
-            cmd(".timer ON\nselect max(x),min(x),max(x+x),min(x-x) from xyz union select x+max(x),x-min(x),3,4 from xyz union select x,x,x,x from xyz union select x,x,x,x from xyz;select 3;\n"
-                )
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isnotempty(fh[1])
-            isnotempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd(".bail off\n.timer off")
-        s.cmdloop()
-
-        # command handling
-        reset()
-        cmd(".nonexist 'unclosed")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        self.assertTrue("no closing quotation" in get(fh[2]).lower())
-        reset()
-        cmd(".notexist       ")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        self.assertTrue('Unknown command "notexist"' in get(fh[2]))
-
-        ###
-        ### Commands - backup and restore
-        ###
-
-        reset()
-        cmd(".backup with too many parameters")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isnotempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd(".backup ")  # too few
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isnotempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd(".restore with too many parameters")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isnotempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd(".restore ")  # too few
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isnotempty(fh[2])
-        # bogus filenames
-        for i in ('/', '"main" /'):
-            for c in (".backup ", ".restore "):
-                reset()
-                cmd(c + i)
-                s.cmdloop()
-                isempty(fh[1])
-                isnotempty(fh[2])
-
-        def randomtable(cur, dbname=None):
-            name = list("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxtz")
-            random.shuffle(name)
-            name = "".join(name)
-            fullname = name
-            if dbname:
-                fullname = dbname + "." + fullname
-            cur.execute("begin;create table %s(x)" % (fullname, ))
-            cur.executemany("insert into %s values(?)" % (fullname, ), randomintegers(400))
-            cur.execute("end")
-            return name
-
-        # Straight forward backup.  The gc.collect() is needed because
-        # non-gc cursors hanging around will prevent the backup from
-        # happening.
-        n = randomtable(s.db.cursor())
-        contents = s.db.cursor().execute("select * from " + n).fetchall()
-        reset()
-        cmd(".backup %stestdb2" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
-        gc.collect()
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd("drop table " + n + ";")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile("%stestdb2" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, )))
-        reset()
-        cmd(".restore %stestdb2" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
-        gc.collect()
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        newcontents = s.db.cursor().execute("select * from " + n).fetchall()
-        # no guarantee of result order
-        contents.sort()
-        newcontents.sort()
-        self.assertEqual(contents, newcontents)
-
-        # do they pay attention to the dbname
-        s.db.cursor().execute("attach ':memory:' as memdb")
-        n = randomtable(s.db.cursor(), "memdb")
-        contents = s.db.cursor().execute("select * from memdb." + n).fetchall()
-        reset()
-        gc.collect()
-        cmd(".backup memdb %stestdb2" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        s.db.cursor().execute("detach memdb; attach ':memory:' as memdb2")
-        reset()
-        gc.collect()
-        cmd(".restore memdb2 %stestdb2" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        newcontents = s.db.cursor().execute("select * from memdb2." + n).fetchall()
-        # no guarantee of result order
-        contents.sort()
-        newcontents.sort()
-        self.assertEqual(contents, newcontents)
-
-        ###
-        ### Commands - bail
-        ###
-        reset()
-        cmd(".bail")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isnotempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd(".bail on\n.mode list\nselect 3;\nselect error;\nselect 4;\n")
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.Error, s.cmdloop)
-        self.assertTrue("3" in get(fh[1]))
-        self.assertTrue("4" not in get(fh[1]))
-        reset()
-        cmd(".bail oFf\n.mode list\nselect 3;\nselect error;\nselect 4;\n")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        self.assertTrue("3" in get(fh[1]))
-        self.assertTrue("4" in get(fh[1]))
-
-        ###
-        ### Commands - databases
-        ###
-        reset()
-        cmd(".databases foo")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isnotempty(fh[2])
-        # clean things up
-        s = shellclass(**kwargs)
-        reset()
-        cmd(".header oFF\n.databases")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        for i in "main", "name", "file":
-            self.assertTrue(i in get(fh[1]))
-        reset()
-        cmd("attach '%stestdb' as quack;\n.databases" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        for i in "main", "name", "file", "testdb", "quack":
-            self.assertTrue(i in get(fh[1]))
-        reset()
-        cmd("detach quack;")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        for i in "testdb", "quack":
-            self.assertTrue(i not in get(fh[1]))
-
-        ###
-        ### Commands - dump
-        ###
-        reset()
-        cmd("create     table foo(x); create table bar(x);\n.dump foox")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd(".dump foo")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        for i in "foo", "create table", "begin", "commit":
-            self.assertTrue(i in get(fh[1]).lower())
-        self.assertTrue("bar" not in get(fh[1]).lower())
-        # can we do virtual tables?
-        reset()
-        if self.checkOptionalExtension("fts3", "create virtual table foo using fts3()"):
-            reset()
-            cmd("CREATE virtual TaBlE    fts3     using fts3(colA FRED  , colB JOHN DOE);\n"
-                "insert into fts3 values('one', 'two');insert into fts3 values('onee', 'two');\n"
-                "insert into fts3 values('one', 'two two two');")
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isempty(fh[2])
-            reset()
-            cmd(".dump")
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[2])
-            v = get(fh[1])
-            for i in "pragma writable_schema", "create virtual table fts3", "cola fred", "colb john doe":
-                self.assertTrue(i in v.lower())
-        # analyze
-        reset()
-        cmd("drop table bar;create table bar(x unique,y);create index barf on bar(x,y);create index barff on bar(y);insert into bar values(3,4);\nanalyze;\n.dump bar"
-            )
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        v = get(fh[1])
-        for i in "analyze bar", "create index barf":
-            self.assertTrue(i in v.lower())
-        self.assertTrue("autoindex" not in v.lower())  # created by sqlite to do unique constraint
-        self.assertTrue("sqlite_sequence" not in v.lower())  # not autoincrements
-        # repeat but all tables
-        reset()
-        cmd(".dump")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        v = get(fh[1])
-        for i in "analyze bar", "create index barf":
-            self.assertTrue(i in v.lower())
-        self.assertTrue("autoindex" not in v.lower())  # created by sqlite to do unique constraint
-        # foreign keys
-        reset()
-        cmd("create table xxx(z references bar(x));\n.dump")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        v = get(fh[1])
-        for i in "foreign_keys", "references":
-            self.assertTrue(i in v.lower())
-        # views
-        reset()
-        cmd("create view noddy as select * from foo;\n.dump noddy")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        v = get(fh[1])
-        for i in "drop view", "create view noddy":
-            self.assertTrue(i in v.lower())
-        # issue82 - view ordering
-        reset()
-        cmd("create table issue82(x);create view issue82_2 as select * from issue82; create view issue82_1 as select count(*) from issue82_2;\n.dump issue82%"
-            )
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        v = get(fh[1])
-        s.db.cursor().execute("drop table issue82 ; drop view issue82_1 ; drop view issue82_2")
-        reset()
-        cmd(v)
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        # autoincrement
-        reset()
-        cmd("create table abc(x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT); insert into abc values(null);insert into abc values(null);\n.dump"
-            )
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        v = get(fh[1])
-        for i in "sqlite_sequence", "'abc', 2":
-            self.assertTrue(i in v.lower())
-        # user version
-        self.assertTrue("user_version" not in v)
-        reset()
-        cmd("pragma user_version=27;\n.dump")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        v = get(fh[1])
-        self.assertTrue("pragma user_version=27;" in v)
-        s.db.cursor().execute("pragma user_version=0")
-        # some nasty stuff
-        reset()
-        cmd(u"create table nastydata(x,y); insert into nastydata values(null,'xxx\\u1234\\uabcd\\U00012345yyy\r\n\t\"this is nasty\u0001stuff!');"
-            'create table "table"([except] int); create table [](""); create table [using]("&");')
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd(".dump")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        v = get(fh[1])
-        self.assertTrue("nasty" in v)
-        self.assertTrue("stuff" in v)
-        # sanity check the dumps
-        reset()
-        cmd(v)  # should run just fine
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        # drop all the tables we made to do another dump and compare with before
-        for t in "abc", "bar", "foo", "fts3", "xxx", "noddy", "sqlite_sequence", "sqlite_stat1", \
-                "issue82", "issue82_1", "issue82_2":
-            reset()
-            cmd("drop table %s;drop view %s;" % (t, t))
-            s.cmdloop()  # there will be errors which we ignore
-        reset()
-        cmd(v)
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        # another dump
-        reset()
-        cmd(".dump")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        v2 = get(fh[1])
-        v = re.sub("-- Date:.*", "", v)
-        v2 = re.sub("-- Date:.*", "", v2)
-        self.assertEqual(v, v2)
-        # clean database
-        reset()
-        s = shellclass(args=[':memory:'], **kwargs)
-        cmd(v)
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd(v2 + "\n.dump")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        v3 = get(fh[1])
-        v3 = re.sub("-- Date:.*", "", v3)
-        self.assertEqual(v, v3)
-        # trailing comments
-        reset()
-        cmd("""create table xxblah(b -- ff
-) -- xx
-; create index xxfoo on xxblah(b -- ff
-) -- xx
-; create view xxbar as select * from xxblah -- ff
-;
-insert into xxblah values(3);
-.dump
-""")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        dump = get(fh[1])
-        reset()
-        cmd("drop table xxblah; drop view xxbar;")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        reset()
-        cmd(dump)
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        self.assertEqual(s.db.cursor().execute("select * from xxbar").fetchall(), [(3, )])
-        # check index
-        reset()
-        cmd("drop index xxfoo;")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-
-        ###
-        ### Command - echo
-        ###
-        reset()
-        cmd(".echo")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isnotempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd(".echo bananas")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isnotempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd(".echo on on")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isnotempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd(".echo off\nselect 3;")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        self.assertTrue("3" in get(fh[1]))
-        self.assertTrue("select 3" not in get(fh[2]))
-        reset()
-        cmd(".echo on\nselect 3;")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        self.assertTrue("3" in get(fh[1]))
-        self.assertTrue("select 3" in get(fh[2]))
-        # more complex testing is done earlier including multiple statements and errors
-
-        ###
-        ### Command - encoding
-        ###
-        self.suppressWarning("ResourceWarning")
-        for i in ".encoding one two", ".encoding", ".encoding utf8 another":
-            reset()
-            cmd(i)
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isnotempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd(".encoding this-does-not-exist")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        self.assertTrue("no known encoding" in get(fh[2]).lower())
-        # use iso8859-1 to make sure data is read correctly - it
-        # differs from utf8
-        us = u"unitestdata \xaa\x89 34"
-        write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1",
-                         "w",
-                         f"insert into enctest values('{ us }');\n",
-                         encoding="iso8859-1")
-        gc.collect()
-        reset()
-        cmd(".encoding iso8859-1\ncreate table enctest(x);\n.echo on\n.read %stest-shell-1\n.echo off" %
-            (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
-        s.cmdloop()
-        self.assertEqual(s.db.cursor().execute("select * from enctest").fetchall()[0][0], us)
-        self.assertTrue(us in get(fh[2]))
-        reset()
-        write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "w", us + "\n", encoding="iso8859-1")
-        cmd("drop table enctest;create table enctest(x);\n.import %stest-shell-1 enctest" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        self.assertEqual(s.db.cursor().execute("select * from enctest").fetchall()[0][0], us)
-        reset()
-        cmd(".output %stest-shell-1\n.mode list\nselect * from enctest;" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
-        s.cmdloop()
-        self.assertEqual(
-            read_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "rb").strip(),  # skip eol
-            us.encode("iso8859-1"))
-        reset()
-        cmd(".output stdout\nselect '%s';\n" % (us, ))
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue(us in get(fh[1]))
-
-        ### encoding specifying error handling - see issue 108
-        reset()
-        cmd(".encoding utf8:replace")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        # non-existent error
-        reset()
-        cmd(".encoding cp437:blahblah")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isnotempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue("blahblah" in get(fh[2]))
-        # check replace works
-        reset()
-        us = u"\N{BLACK STAR}8\N{WHITE STAR}"
-        write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1",
-                         "w",
-                         f"insert into enctest values('{ us }');",
-                         encoding="utf8")
-        cmd(".encoding utf8\n.read %stest-shell-1\n.encoding cp437:replace\n.output %stest-shell-1\nselect * from enctest;\n.encoding utf8\n.output stdout"
-            % (TESTFILEPREFIX, TESTFILEPREFIX))
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        self.assertTrue("?8?" in read_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "rt", "cp437"))
-
-        ###
-        ### Command - exceptions
-        ###
-        reset()
-        cmd("syntax error;")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isnotempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue(len(get(fh[2]).split("\n")) < 5)
-        reset()
-        cmd(".exceptions on\nsyntax error;")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isnotempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue(len(get(fh[2]).split("\n")) > 10)
-        self.assertTrue("sql = " in get(fh[2]))
-        # deliberately leave exceptions on
-
-        ###
-        ### Command - exit & quit
-        ###
-        for i in ".exit", ".quit":
-            reset()
-            cmd(i)
-            self.assertRaises(SystemExit, s.cmdloop)
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isempty(fh[2])
-            reset()
-            cmd(i + " jjgflk")
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isnotempty(fh[2])
-
-        ###
-        ### Command explain and header are tested above
-        ###
-        # pass
-
-        ###
-        ### Command find
-        ###
-        reset()
-        cmd(".find one two three")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isnotempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd("create table findtest([x\" x],y); insert into findtest values(3, 'xx3'); insert into findtest values(34, 'abcd');"
-            )
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd(".find 3")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        for text, present in (("findtest", True), ("xx3", True), ("34", False)):
-            if present:
-                self.assertTrue(text in get(fh[1]))
-            else:
-                self.assertTrue(text not in get(fh[1]))
-        reset()
-        cmd(".find does-not-exist")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd(".find ab_d")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        for text, present in (("findtest", True), ("xx3", False), ("34", True)):
-            if present:
-                self.assertTrue(text in get(fh[1]))
-            else:
-                self.assertTrue(text not in get(fh[1]))
-        reset()
-        cmd(".find 3 table-not-exist")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-
-        ###
-        ### Command help
-        ###
-        reset()
-        cmd(".help\n.help all\n.help import backup")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        for i in ".import", "Reads data from the file":
-            self.assertTrue(i in get(fh[2]))
-        reset()
-        cmd(".help backup notexist import")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        for i in "Copies the contents", "No such command":
-            self.assertTrue(i in get(fh[2]))
-        # screw up terminal width
-        origtw = s._terminal_width
-
-        def tw(*args):
-            return 7
-
-        s._terminal_width = tw
-        reset()
-        cmd(".bail on\n.help all\n.bail off")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isnotempty(fh[2])
-
-        ###
-        ### Command - import
-        ###
-        # check it fundamentally works
-        reset()
-        cmd(".encoding utf16\ncreate table imptest(x real, y char);\n"
-            "insert into imptest values(3.1, 'xabc');\n"
-            "insert into imptest values(3.2, 'xabfff\"ffffc');\n"
-            ".output %stest-shell-1\n.mode csv\nselect * from imptest;\n"
-            ".output stdout" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        # make sure encoding took
-        self.assertTrue(b"xab" not in read_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "rb"))
-        data = s.db.cursor().execute("select * from imptest; delete from imptest").fetchall()
-        self.assertEqual(2, len(data))
-        reset()
-        cmd(".import %stest-shell-1 imptest" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        newdata = s.db.cursor().execute("select * from imptest; drop table imptest").fetchall()
-        data.sort()
-        newdata.sort()
-        self.assertEqual(data, newdata)
-        # error handling
-        for i in ".import", ".import one", ".import one two three", ".import nosuchfile nosuchtable", ".import nosuchfile sqlite_master":
-            reset()
-            cmd(i)
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isnotempty(fh[2])
-        # wrong number of columns
-        reset()
-        cmd("create table imptest(x,y);\n.mode tabs\n.output %stest-shell-1\nselect 3,4;select 5,6;select 7,8,9;" %
-            (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd(".output stdout\n.import %stest-shell-1 imptest" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isnotempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        # check it was done in a transaction and aborted
-        self.assertEqual(0, s.db.cursor().execute("select count(*) from imptest").fetchall()[0][0])
-
-        ###
-        ### Command - autoimport
-        ###
-
-        # errors
-        for i in ".autoimport", ".autoimport 1 2 3", ".autoimport nosuchfile", ".autoimport %stest-shell-1 sqlite_master" % (
-                TESTFILEPREFIX, ):
-            reset()
-            cmd(i)
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isnotempty(fh[2])
-
-        # check correct detection with each type of separator and that types are not mangled
-        c = s.db.cursor()
-        for row in (
-            ('a,b', '21/1/20', '00'),
-            ('  ', '1/1/20', 10),
-            ('a"b', '1/1/01', '00'),
-            ('+40', '01123', '2010 100 15'),
-            ('2010//10//13', '2010/10/13  12', 2),
-            ('2010/13/13 12:13', '13/13/2010 12:93', '13/2010/13'),
-            ("+3", " 3", 3),
-            ("03.03", "03.03.20", "03"),
-            (
-                (None, 2, 5.5),
-                (None, 4, 99),
-            ),
-        ):
-
-            c.execute("""drop table if exists aitest ; create table aitest("x y", ["], "3d")""")
-            if isinstance(row[0], tuple):
-                f = c.executemany
-            else:
-                f = c.execute
-            f("insert into aitest values(?,?,?)", row)
-            fname = TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1"
-            for sep in "\t", "|", ",", "X":
-                reset()
-                cmd(".mode csv\n.headers on\n.output %stest-shell-1\n.separator \"%s\"\nselect * from aitest;\n.output stdout\n.separator X\ndrop table if exists \"test-shell-1\";\n.autoimport %stest-shell-1"
-                    % (TESTFILEPREFIX, sep, TESTFILEPREFIX))
-                s.cmdloop()
-                isnotempty(fh[1])
-                isempty(fh[2])
-                self.assertTablesEqual(s.db, "aitest", s.db, "test-shell-1")
-
-        # Change encoding back to sensible
-        reset()
-        cmd(".encoding utf8")
-        s.cmdloop()
-
-        # Check date detection
-        for expect, fmt, sequences in (("1999-10-13", "%d-%d:%d", (
-            (1999, 10, 13),
-            (13, 10, 1999),
-            (10, 13, 1999),
-        )), ("1999-10-13T12:14:17", "%d/%d/%d/%d/%d/%d", (
-            (1999, 10, 13, 12, 14, 17),
-            (13, 10, 1999, 12, 14, 17),
-            (10, 13, 1999, 12, 14, 17),
-        )), ("1999-10-13T12:14:00", "%dX%dX%dX%dX%d", (
-            (1999, 10, 13, 12, 14),
-            (13, 10, 1999, 12, 14),
-            (10, 13, 1999, 12, 14),
-        ))):
-            for seq in sequences:
-                write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "wt", ("a,b\nrow," + (fmt % seq) + "\n"))
-                reset()
-                cmd("drop table [test-shell-1];\n.autoimport %stest-shell-1" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
-                s.cmdloop()
-                isempty(fh[2])
-                imp = c.execute("select b from [test-shell-1] where a='row'").fetchall()[0][0]
-                self.assertEqual(imp, expect)
-
-        # Check diagnostics when unable to import
-        for err, content in (
-            ("current encoding", b"\x81\x82\x83\tfoo\n\x84\x97\xff\tbar"),
-            ("known type", "abcdef\nhiojklmnop\n"),
-            ("more than one", 'ab,c\tdef\nqr,dd\t\n'),
-            ("ambiguous data format", "a,b\n1/1/2001,3\n2001/4/4,4\n"),
-        ):
-            if isinstance(content, bytes):
-                continue
-            write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1", "wt", content)
-            reset()
-            cmd("drop table [test-shell-1];\n.autoimport %stest-shell-1" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
-            s.cmdloop()
-            errmsg = get(fh[2])
-            self.assertTrue(err in errmsg)
-
-        ###
-        ### Command - indices
-        ###
-        for i in ".indices", ".indices one two":
-            reset()
-            cmd(i)
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isnotempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd("create table indices(x unique, y unique); create index shouldseethis on indices(x,y);")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        reset()
-        cmd(".indices indices")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        for i in "shouldseethis", "autoindex":
-            self.assertTrue(i in get(fh[1]))
-
-        ###
-        ### Command - load
-        ###
-        if hasattr(APSW, "testLoadExtension"):
-            lf = LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME
-            for i in ".load", ".load one two three":
-                reset()
-                cmd(i)
-                s.cmdloop()
-                isempty(fh[1])
-                isnotempty(fh[2])
-            reset()
-            cmd(".load nosuchfile")
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            self.assertTrue("nosuchfile" in get(fh[2]) or "ExtensionLoadingError" in get(fh[2]))
-            reset()
-            cmd(".mode list\n.load " + lf + " alternate_sqlite3_extension_init\nselect doubleup(2);")
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[2])
-            self.assertTrue("4" in get(fh[1]))
-            reset()
-            cmd(".mode list\n.load " + lf + "\nselect half(2);")
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[2])
-            self.assertTrue("1" in get(fh[1]))
-
-        ###
-        ### Command - mode
-        ###
-        # already thoroughly tested in code above
-        for i in ".mode", ".mode foo more", ".mode invalid":
-            reset()
-            cmd(i)
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isnotempty(fh[2])
-
-        ###
-        ### command nullvalue & separator
-        ###
-        # already tested in code above
-        for i in ".nullvalue", ".nullvalue jkhkl lkjkj", ".separator", ".separator one two":
-            reset()
-            cmd(i)
-            b4 = s.nullvalue, s.separator
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isnotempty(fh[2])
-            self.assertEqual(b4, (s.nullvalue, s.separator))
-
-        ###
-        ### command output
-        ###
-        for i in ".output", ".output too many args", ".output " + os.sep:
-            reset()
-            cmd(i)
-            b4 = s.stdout
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isnotempty(fh[2])
-            self.assertEqual(b4, s.stdout)
-
-        ###
-        ### Command prompt
-        ###
-        # not much to test until pty testing is working
-        for i in ".prompt", ".prompt too many args":
-            reset()
-            cmd(i)
-            b4 = s.prompt, s.moreprompt
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isnotempty(fh[2])
-            self.assertEqual(b4, (s.prompt, s.moreprompt))
-
-        ###
-        ### Command read
-        ###
-        # pretty much thoroughly tested above
-        write_whole_file(TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1.py", "wt", """
-assert apsw
-assert shell
-shell.write(shell.stdout, "hello world\\n")
-""")
-        for i in ".read", ".read one two", ".read " + os.sep:
-            reset()
-            cmd(i)
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isnotempty(fh[2])
-
-        reset()
-        cmd(".read %stest-shell-1.py" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue("hello world" in get(fh[1]))
-
-        # restore tested with backup
-
-        ###
-        ### Command - schema
-        ###
-        # make sure it works
-        reset()
-        cmd(".schema")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        isnotempty(fh[1])
-        reset()
-        cmd("create table schematest(x);create index unrelatedname on schematest(x);\n.schema schematest foo notexist foo"
-            )
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        for i in "schematest", "unrelatedname":
-            self.assertTrue(i in get(fh[1]))
-
-        # separator done earlier
-
-        ###
-        ### Command - show
-        ###
-        # set all settings to known values
-        resetcmd = ".echo off\n.explain off\n.headers off\n.mode list\n.nullvalue ''\n.output stdout\n.separator |\n.width 1 2 3\n.exceptions off"
-        reset()
-        cmd(resetcmd)
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        reset()
-        cmd(".show")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isnotempty(fh[2])
-        baseline = get(fh[2])
-        for i in ".echo on", ".explain", ".headers on", ".mode column", ".nullvalue T", ".separator %", ".width 8 9 1", ".exceptions on":
-            reset()
-            cmd(resetcmd)
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            if not get(fh[2]).startswith(".echo off"):
-                isempty(fh[2])
-            reset()
-            cmd(i + "\n.show")
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            # check size has not changed much
-            self.assertTrue(abs(len(get(fh[2])) - len(baseline)) < 14)
-
-        # output
-        reset()
-        cmd(".output %stest-shell-1\n.show" % (TESTFILEPREFIX, ))
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        self.assertTrue("output: " + TESTFILEPREFIX + "test-shell-1" in get(fh[2]))
-        reset()
-        cmd(".output stdout\n.show")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        self.assertTrue("output: stdout" in get(fh[2]))
-        self.assertTrue(not os.path.exists("stdout"))
-        # errors
-        reset()
-        cmd(".show one two")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        self.assertTrue("at most one parameter" in get(fh[2]))
-        reset()
-        cmd(".show notexist")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        self.assertTrue("notexist: " not in get(fh[2]))
-
-        ###
-        ### Command tables
-        ###
-        reset()
-        cmd(".tables")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        isnotempty(fh[1])
-        reset()
-        cmd("create table tabletest(x);create index tabletest1 on tabletest(x);create index noway on tabletest(x);\n.tables tabletest\n.tables"
-            )
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[2])
-        self.assertTrue("tabletest" in get(fh[1]))
-        self.assertTrue("tabletest1" not in get(fh[1]))
-        self.assertTrue("noway" not in get(fh[1]))
-
-        ###
-        ### Command timeout
-        ###
-        for i in (".timeout", ".timeout ksdjfh", ".timeout 6576 78987"):
-            reset()
-            cmd(i)
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isnotempty(fh[2])
-        for i in (".timeout 1000", ".timeout 0", ".timeout -33"):
-            reset()
-            cmd(i)
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isempty(fh[2])
-
-        # timer is tested earlier
-
-        ###
-        ### Command width
-        ###
-        # does it work?
-        reset()
-        cmd(".width 10 10 10 0")
-        s.cmdloop()
-        isempty(fh[1])
-        isempty(fh[2])
-
-        def getw():
-            reset()
-            cmd(".show width")
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            return [int(x) for x in get(fh[2]).split()[1:]]
-
-        self.assertEqual([10, 10, 10, 0], getw())
-        # some errors
-        for i in ".width", ".width foo", ".width 1 2 3 seven 3":
-            reset()
-            cmd(i)
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isnotempty(fh[2])
-            self.assertEqual([10, 10, 10, 0], getw())
-        for i, r in ("9 0 9", [9, 0, 9]), ("10 -3 10 -3", [10, -3, 10, -3]), ("0", [0]):
-            reset()
-            cmd(".width " + i)
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[1])
-            isempty(fh[2])
-            self.assertEqual(r, getw())
-
-        ###
-        ### Unicode output with all output modes
-        ###
-        colname = u"\N{BLACK STAR}8\N{WHITE STAR}"
-        val = u'xxx\u1234\uabcdyyy this\" is nasty\u0001stuff!'
-        noheadermodes = ('insert', )
-        # possible ways val can be represented (eg csv doubles up double quotes)
-        outputs = (val, val.replace('"', '""'), val.replace('"', '&quot;'), val.replace('"', '\\"'))
-        for mode in [x[len("output_"):] for x in dir(shellclass) if x.startswith("output_")]:
-            reset()
-            cmd(".separator |\n.width 999\n.encoding utf8\n.header on\n.mode %s\nselect '%s' as '%s';" %
-                (mode, val, colname))
-            s.cmdloop()
-            isempty(fh[2])
-            # modes too complicated to construct the correct string
-            if mode in ('python', 'tcl'):
-                continue
-            # all others
-            if mode not in noheadermodes:
-                self.assertTrue(colname in get(fh[1]))
-            cnt = 0
-            for o in outputs:
-                cnt += o in get(fh[1])
-            self.assertTrue(cnt)
-
-        # clean up files
-        for f in fh:
-            f.close()
-
-    # This one uses the coverage module
-    def _testShellWithCoverage(self):
-        "Check Shell functionality (with coverage)"
-        # We currently allow coverage module to not exist which helps
-        # with debugging
-        try:
-            import coverage
-        except ImportError:
-            coverage = None
-
-        import importlib.util
-        # I had problems with the compiled bytecode being around
-        for suff in "c", "o":
-            try:
-                os.remove("tools/shell.py" + suff)
-            except:
-                pass
-
-        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("shell_coverage", "tools/shell.py")
-        module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
-        sys.modules[module.__name__] = module
-        if coverage: coverage.start()
-        spec.loader.exec_module(module)
-        try:
-            self._originaltestShell(shellclass=module.Shell)
-        finally:
-            if coverage:
-                coverage.stop()
-                coverage.annotate(morfs=[module])
-                os.rename("tools/shell.py,cover", "shell.py.gcov")
-
-    # Note that faults fire only once, so there is no need to reset
-    # them.  The testing for objects bigger than 2GB is done in
-    # testLargeObjects
-    def testzzFaultInjection(self):
-        "Deliberately inject faults to exercise all code paths"
-        if not hasattr(apsw, "faultdict"):
-            return
-
-        # Verify we test all fault locations
-        code = []
-        for fn in glob.glob("*/*.c"):
-            with open(fn, encoding="utf8") as f:
-                code.append(f.read())
-        code = "\n".join(code)
-
-        with open(__file__, "rt", encoding="utf8") as f:
-            test_code = f.read()
-
-        seen = set()
-
-        for macro, faultname in re.findall(r"(APSW_FAULT_INJECT|GET_BUFFER|STRING_NEW)\s*[(]\s*(?P<fault_name>.*?)\s*,",
-                                           code):
-            if faultname == "faultName":
-                continue
-            if faultname not in test_code and not faultname.startswith("BackupDependent"):
-                raise Exception(f"Fault injected { faultname } not found in tests.py")
-            if faultname in seen:
-                raise Exception(f"Fault { faultname } seen multiple times")
-            seen.add(faultname)
-
-        def dummy(*args):
-            1 / 0
-
-        def dummy2(*args):
-            return 7
-
-        # The 1/0 in these tests is to cause a ZeroDivisionError so
-        # that an exception is always thrown.  If we catch that then
-        # it means earlier expected exceptions were not thrown.
-
-        ## UnknownSQLiteErrorCode
-        apsw.faultdict["UnknownSQLiteErrorCode"] = True
-        try:
-            self.db.cursor().execute("select '")
-            1 / 0
-        except:
-            klass, value = sys.exc_info()[:2]
-            self.assertTrue(klass is apsw.Error)
-            self.assertTrue("254" in str(value))
-
-        ## ConnectionCloseFail
-        if "APSW_NO_MEMLEAK" not in os.environ:
-            apsw.faultdict["ConnectionCloseFail"] = True
-            try:
-                db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-                db.cursor().execute("select 3")
-                db.close(True)
-                1 / 0
-            except apsw.IOError:
-                pass
-
-        ## ConnectionCloseFail in destructor
-        if "APSW_NO_MEMLEAK" not in os.environ:
-            # test
-            apsw.faultdict["ConnectionCloseFail"] = True
-
-            def f():
-                db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-                db.cursor().execute("select 3")
-                del db
-                gc.collect()
-
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(apsw.ConnectionNotClosedError, f)
-
-        ## BlobAllocFails
-        apsw.faultdict["BlobAllocFails"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.cursor().execute("create table foo(ablob); insert into foo (ROWID, ablob) values (1,x'aabbccddeeff')")
-            blob = db.blobopen("main", "foo", "ablob", 1, False)
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## CursorAllocFails
-        apsw.faultdict["CursorAllocFails"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.cursor().execute("select 3")
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## DBConfigFails
-        apsw.faultdict["DBConfigFails"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.config(apsw.SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER, -1)
-            1 / 0
-        except apsw.NoMemError:
-            pass
-
-        ## RollbackHookExistingError
-        apsw.faultdict["RollbackHookExistingError"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.setrollbackhook(dummy)
-            db.cursor().execute("create table foo(a); begin ; insert into foo values(3); rollback")
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## CommitHookExceptionAlready
-        apsw.faultdict["CommitHookExistingError"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.setcommithook(dummy)
-            db.cursor().execute("begin; create table foo(a); insert into foo values(3); commit")
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## AuthorizerExistingError
-        apsw.faultdict["AuthorizerExistingError"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.setauthorizer(dummy)
-            db.cursor().execute("create table foo(a)")
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## SetAuthorizerNullFail
-        apsw.faultdict["SetAuthorizerNullFail"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.setauthorizer(None)
-            1 / 0
-        except apsw.IOError:
-            klass, value = sys.exc_info()[:2]
-            self.assertTrue(klass is apsw.IOError)
-
-        ## SetAuthorizerFail
-        apsw.faultdict["SetAuthorizerFail"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.setauthorizer(dummy)
-            1 / 0
-        except:
-            pass
-
-        ## CollationNeededNullFail
-        apsw.faultdict["CollationNeededNullFail"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.collationneeded(None)
-            1 / 0
-        except apsw.IOError:
-            klass, value = sys.exc_info()[:2]
-            self.assertTrue(klass is apsw.IOError)
-
-        ## CollationNeededFail
-        apsw.faultdict["CollationNeededFail"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.collationneeded(dummy)
-            1 / 0
-        except:
-            klass, value = sys.exc_info()[:2]
-            self.assertTrue(klass is apsw.IOError)
-
-        ##EnableLoadExtensionFail
-        apsw.faultdict["EnableLoadExtensionFail"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.enableloadextension(True)
-            1 / 0
-        except:
-            pass
-
-        ## SetBusyHandlerNullFail
-        apsw.faultdict["SetBusyHandlerNullFail"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.setbusyhandler(None)
-            1 / 0
-        except apsw.IOError:
-            pass
-
-        ## SetBusyHandlerFail
-        apsw.faultdict["SetBusyHandlerFail"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.setbusyhandler(dummy)
-            1 / 0
-        except apsw.IOError:
-            pass
-
-        ## UnknownValueType
-        apsw.faultdict["UnknownValueType"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.createscalarfunction("dummy", dummy)
-            db.cursor().execute("select dummy(4)")
-            1 / 0
-        except:
-            klass, value = sys.exc_info()[:2]
-            self.assertTrue(klass is apsw.Error)
-            self.assertTrue("123456" in str(value))
-
-        ## UnknownColumnType
-        apsw.faultdict["UnknownColumnType"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            for row in db.cursor().execute("select 3"):
-                pass
-            1 / 0
-        except:
-            klass, value = sys.exc_info()[:2]
-            self.assertTrue(klass is apsw.Error)
-            self.assertTrue("12348" in str(value))
-
-        ## SetContextResultUnicodeConversionFails
-        apsw.faultdict["SetContextResultUnicodeConversionFails"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.createscalarfunction("foo", lambda x: u"another unicode string")
-            for row in db.cursor().execute("select foo(3)"):
-                pass
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## SetContextResultAsReadBufferFail
-        apsw.faultdict["SetContextResultAsReadBufferFail"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.createscalarfunction("foo", lambda x: b"another string")
-            for row in db.cursor().execute("select foo(3)"):
-                pass
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## GFAPyTuple_NewFail
-        apsw.faultdict["GFAPyTuple_NewFail"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.createscalarfunction("foo", dummy)
-            for row in db.cursor().execute("select foo(3)"):
-                pass
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## Same again
-        apsw.faultdict["GFAPyTuple_NewFail"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-
-            def foo():
-                return None, dummy2, dummy2
-
-            db.createaggregatefunction("foo", foo)
-            for row in db.cursor().execute("create table bar(x);insert into bar values(3); select foo(x) from bar"):
-                pass
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## AutovacuumPagesFails
-        apsw.faultdict["AutovacuumPagesFails"] = True
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.NoMemError, self.db.autovacuum_pages, lambda x: x)
-
-        ## CBDispatchExistingError
-        apsw.faultdict["CBDispatchExistingError"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.createscalarfunction("foo", dummy)
-            db.cursor().execute("select foo(3)")
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## CBDispatchFinalError
-        apsw.faultdict["CBDispatchFinalError"] = True
-        try:
-
-            def f():
-                db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-
-                def foo():
-                    return None, dummy, dummy2
-
-                db.createaggregatefunction("foo", foo)
-                for row in db.cursor().execute("create table bar(x);insert into bar values(3); select foo(x) from bar"):
-                    pass
-                1 / 0
-
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(Exception, f)
-        except ZeroDivisionError:
-            pass
-
-        ## DeserializeMallocFail
-        apsw.faultdict["DeserializeMallocFail"] = True
-        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, self.db.deserialize, "main", b"aaaaaa")
-
-        ## Virtual table code
-        class Source:
-            def Create(self, *args):
-                return "create table foo(x,y)", Table()
-
-            Connect = Create
-
-        class Table:
-            def __init__(self):
-                self.data = [  #("rowid", "x", "y"),
-                    [0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5]
-                ]
-
-            def Open(self):
-                return Cursor(self)
-
-            def BestIndex(self, *args):
-                return None
-
-            def UpdateChangeRow(self, rowid, newrowid, fields):
-                for i, row in enumerate(self.data):
-                    if row[0] == rowid:
-                        self.data[i] = [newrowid] + list(fields)
-
-            def FindFunction(self, *args):
-                return lambda *args: 1
-
-        class Cursor:
-            def __init__(self, table):
-                self.table = table
-                self.row = 0
-
-            def Eof(self):
-                return self.row >= len(self.table.data)
-
-            def Rowid(self):
-                return self.table.data[self.row][0]
-
-            def Column(self, col):
-                return self.table.data[self.row][1 + col]
-
-            def Filter(self, *args):
-                self.row = 0
-
-            def Next(self):
-                self.row += 1
-
-                def Close(self):
-                    pass
-
-        ## VtabCreateBadString
-        apsw.faultdict["VtabCreateBadString"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.createmodule("nonsense", None)
-            db.cursor().execute("create virtual table foo using nonsense(3,4)")
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## VtabUpdateChangeRowFail
-        apsw.faultdict["VtabUpdateChangeRowFail"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.createmodule("foo", Source())
-            db.cursor().execute("create virtual table foo using foo();update foo set x=3 where y=2")
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## VtabUpdateBadField
-        apsw.faultdict["VtabUpdateBadField"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.createmodule("foo", Source())
-            db.cursor().execute("create virtual table foo using foo();update foo set x=3 where y=2")
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## VtabRenameBadName
-        apsw.faultdict["VtabRenameBadName"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.createmodule("foo", Source())
-            db.cursor().execute("create virtual table foo using foo(); alter table foo rename to bar")
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## VtabRenameBadName
-        apsw.faultdict["CreateModuleFail"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.createmodule("foo", Source())
-            1 / 0
-        except apsw.IOError:
-            pass
-
-        ## FindFunctionAllocFailed
-        apsw.faultdict["FindFunctionAllocFailed"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.overloadfunction("xyz", 2)
-            db.createmodule("foo", Source())
-            db.cursor().execute("create virtual table foo using foo()")
-            db.cursor().execute("select xyz(x,y) from foo")
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## BlobDeallocException
-        def f():
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.cursor().execute("create table foo(b);insert into foo(rowid,b) values(2,x'aabbccddee')")
-            blob = db.blobopen("main", "foo", "b", 2, False)  # open read-only
-            # deliberately cause problem
-            try:
-                blob.write(b'a')
-            except apsw.ReadOnlyError:
-                pass
-            # garbage collect
-            del blob
-            gc.collect()
-
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(apsw.ReadOnlyError, f)
-
-        ## GetDescriptionFail
-        apsw.faultdict["GetDescriptionFail"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            c = db.cursor()
-            c.execute("create table foo(b);insert into foo(rowid,b) values(2,x'aabbccddee');select * from foo")
-            c.getdescription()
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## DoBindingUnicodeConversionFails
-        apsw.faultdict["DoBindingUnicodeConversionFails"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.cursor().execute("select ?", (u"abc", ))
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## DoBindingAsReadBufferFails
-        apsw.faultdict["DoBindingAsReadBufferFails"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.cursor().execute("select ?", (b"abcd", ))
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## DoExecTraceBadSlice
-        apsw.faultdict["DoExecTraceBadSlice"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            c = db.cursor()
-            c.setexectrace(dummy)
-            c.execute("select ?; select ?; select ?", (1, 2, 3))
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## EnableSharedCacheFail
-        apsw.faultdict["EnableSharedCacheFail"] = True
-        try:
-            apsw.enablesharedcache(True)
-            1 / 0
-        except apsw.NoMemError:
-            pass
-
-        ## InitializeFail
-        apsw.faultdict["InitializeFail"] = True
-        try:
-            apsw.initialize()
-            1 / 0
-        except apsw.NoMemError:
-            pass
-
-        ## ShutdownFail
-        apsw.faultdict["ShutdownFail"] = True
-        try:
-            apsw.shutdown()
-            1 / 0
-        except apsw.NoMemError:
-            pass
-
-        ### vfs routines
-
-        class FaultVFS(apsw.VFS):
-            def __init__(self, name="faultvfs", inherit="", makedefault=False):
-                super(FaultVFS, self).__init__(name, inherit, makedefault=makedefault)
-
-            def xGetLastErrorLong(self):
-                return "a" * 1024, None
-
-            def xOpen(self, name, flags):
-                return FaultVFSFile(name, flags)
-
-        class FaultVFSFile(apsw.VFSFile):
-            def __init__(self, name, flags):
-                super(FaultVFSFile, self).__init__("", name, flags)
-
-        vfs = FaultVFS()
-
-        ## xFullPathnameConversion
-        apsw.faultdict["xFullPathnameConversion"] = True
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError,
-                          self.assertRaisesUnraisable,
-                          MemoryError,
-                          apsw.Connection,
-                          TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb",
-                          vfs="faultvfs")
-
-        ## xDlError
-        db = apsw.Connection(":memory:", vfs="faultvfs")
-        if hasattr(db, 'enableloadextension'):
-            db.enableloadextension(True)
-            ## xDlErrorAllocFail
-            apsw.faultdict["xDlErrorAllocFail"] = True
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, MemoryError, db.loadextension,
-                              "non-existent-file-name")
-            ## xDlErrorUnicodeFail
-            apsw.faultdict["xDlErrorUnicodeFail"] = True
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.ExtensionLoadingError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, MemoryError, db.loadextension,
-                              "non-existent-file-name")
-        del db
-        gc.collect()
-        ## xRandomnessAllocFail
-        if hasattr(apsw, 'test_reset_rng'):
-            # we need to be default vfs
-            vfs2 = FaultVFS("faultvfs2", apsw.vfsnames()[0], makedefault=True)
-            apsw.test_reset_rng()
-            apsw.faultdict["xRandomnessAllocFail"] = True
-            # doesn't matter which vfs opens the file
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(MemoryError,
-                                        apsw.Connection(":memory:").cursor().execute, "select randomblob(10)")
-            del vfs2
-            gc.collect()
-
-        ## xCurrentTimeFail
-        apsw.faultdict["xCurrentTimeFail"] = True
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(apsw.SQLError,
-                                    apsw.Connection(":memory:", vfs="faultvfs").cursor().execute, "select date('now')")
-
-        ## APSWVFSDeallocFail
-        apsw.faultdict["APSWVFSDeallocFail"] = True
-
-        def foo():
-            vfs2 = FaultVFS("faultvfs2", "faultvfs")
-            del vfs2
-            gc.collect()
-
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(apsw.IOError, foo)
-
-        ## APSWVFSBadVersion
-        apsw.faultdict["APSWVFSBadVersion"] = True
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, apsw.VFS, "foo", "")
-        self.assertTrue("foo" not in apsw.vfsnames())
-
-        ## APSWVFSRegistrationFails
-        apsw.faultdict["APSWVFSRegistrationFails"] = True
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.NoMemError, apsw.VFS, "foo", "")
-        self.assertTrue("foo" not in apsw.vfsnames())
-
-        ## xReadReadBufferFail
-        try:
-            # This will fail if we are using auto-WAL so we don't run
-            # the rest of the test in WAL mode.
-            apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", vfs="faultvfs").cursor().execute("create table dummy1(x,y)")
-            openok = True
-        except apsw.CantOpenError:
-            if len(apsw.connection_hooks) == 0:
-                raise
-            openok = False
-
-        # The following tests cause failures when making the
-        # connection because a connection hook turns on wal mode which
-        # causes database reads which then cause failures
-        if openok:
-            apsw.faultdict["xReadReadBufferFail"] = True
-
-            def foo():
-                apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", vfs="faultvfs").cursor().execute("select * from dummy1")
-
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.SQLError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, TypeError, foo)
-
-            ## xUnlockFails
-            apsw.faultdict["xUnlockFails"] = True
-            # Used to wrap in self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, ...) but SQLite no longer passes on the error.
-            # See https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3946
-            self.assertRaisesUnraisable(apsw.IOError,
-                                        apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", vfs="faultvfs").cursor().execute,
-                                        "select * from dummy1")
-
-            ## xSyncFails
-            apsw.faultdict["xSyncFails"] = True
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, apsw.IOError,
-                              apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", vfs="faultvfs").cursor().execute,
-                              "insert into dummy1 values(3,4)")
-
-            ## xFileSizeFails
-            apsw.faultdict["xFileSizeFails"] = True
-            self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, apsw.IOError,
-                              apsw.Connection(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb", vfs="faultvfs").cursor().execute,
-                              "select * from dummy1")
-
-        ## xCheckReservedLockFails
-        apsw.faultdict["xCheckReservedLockFails"] = True
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, self.assertRaisesUnraisable, apsw.IOError, vfstestdb, vfsname="faultvfs")
-
-        ## xCheckReservedLockIsTrue
-        apsw.faultdict["xCheckReservedLockIsTrue"] = True
-        vfstestdb(vfsname="faultvfs")
-
-        ## xCloseFails
-        t = apsw.VFSFile("", os.path.abspath(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testfile"),
-                         [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE, 0])
-        apsw.faultdict["xCloseFails"] = True
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.IOError, t.xClose)
-        del t
-
-        # now catch it in the destructor
-        def foo():
-            t = apsw.VFSFile("", os.path.abspath(TESTFILEPREFIX + "testfile"),
-                             [apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE, 0])
-            apsw.faultdict["xCloseFails"] = True
-            del t
-            gc.collect()
-
-        self.assertRaisesUnraisable(apsw.IOError, foo)
-
-        ## vfsnamesfails
-        apsw.faultdict["vfsnamesfails"] = True
-        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, apsw.vfsnames)
-        apsw.faultdict["vfsnamesallocfail"] = True
-        try:
-            apsw.vfsnames()
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-        apsw.faultdict["vfsnamesappendfails"] = True
-        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, apsw.vfsnames)
-
-        ## StatementCacheAllocFails
-        apsw.faultdict["StatementCacheAllocFails"] = True
-        try:
-            apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## OverloadFails
-        apsw.faultdict["OverloadFails"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.overloadfunction("foo", 1)
-            1 / 0
-        except apsw.NoMemError:
-            pass
-
-        ## ConnectionEnterExecFailed
-        apsw.faultdict["ConnectionEnterExecFailed"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.__enter__()
-            1 / 0
-        except apsw.NoMemError:
-            pass
-
-        ## BackupInitFails
-        apsw.faultdict["BackupInitFails"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.backup("main", apsw.Connection(":memory:"), "main")
-            1 / 0
-        except apsw.NoMemError:
-            pass
-
-        ## BackupNewFails
-        apsw.faultdict["BackupNewFails"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            db.backup("main", apsw.Connection(":memory:"), "main")
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## BackupTupleFails
-        apsw.faultdict["BackupTupleFails"] = True
-        try:
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            # add dependent
-            cur = db.cursor()
-            cur.execute("select 3; select 4")
-            db.backup("main", apsw.Connection(":memory:"), "main")
-            1 / 0
-        except MemoryError:
-            pass
-
-        ## BackupDependent
-        for i in range(1, 5):
-            apsw.faultdict["BackupDependent" + str(i)] = True
-            try:
-                db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-                self.assertMayRaiseUnraisable(ValueError, db.backup, "main", apsw.Connection(":memory:"), "main")
-                1 / 0
-            except MemoryError:
-                pass
-
-        ### statement cache
-        db = apsw.Connection("", statementcachesize=1000000)
-        apsw.faultdict["SCAllocFails"] = True
-        # we have to overflow the recycle bin
-        inuse = []
-        for n in range(4096):
-            try:
-                inuse.append(db.cursor().execute("select ?", (3, )))
-            except apsw.NoMemError:
-                break
-        else:
-            self.fail("Expected memoryerror")
-        del inuse
-        apsw.faultdict["SCClearBindingsFails"] = True
-        self.assertRaises(apsw.NoMemError, db.cursor().execute, "select ?", (4, ))
-
-        ### blobs
-        self.db.cursor().execute("create table blobs(x); insert into blobs values (zeroblob(33))")
-        rowid = self.db.last_insert_rowid()
-        apsw.faultdict["BlobReadIntoPyError"] = True
-        blob = self.db.blobopen("main", "blobs", "x", rowid, writeable=True)
-        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, blob.readinto, bytearray(33))
-        apsw.faultdict["BlobWritePyError"] = True
-        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, blob.write, b"123")
-
-        ### apsw.format_sql_value
-        apsw.faultdict["formatsqlHexStrFail"] = True
-        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, apsw.format_sql_value, b"aabbcc")
-        apsw.faultdict["formatsqlHexBufFail"] = True
-        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, apsw.format_sql_value, b"aabbcc")
-        apsw.faultdict["formatsqlStrFail"] = True
-        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, apsw.format_sql_value, "aabbcc")
-
-        ## WalAutocheckpointFails
-        apsw.faultdict["WalAutocheckpointFails"] = True
-        try:
-            apsw.Connection(":memory:").wal_autocheckpoint(77)
-            1 / 0
-        except apsw.IOError:
-            pass
-
-        ## WalCheckpointFails
-        apsw.faultdict["WalCheckpointFails"] = True
-        try:
-            apsw.Connection(":memory:").wal_checkpoint()
-            1 / 0
-        except apsw.IOError:
-            pass
-
-        ## SCPHConfigFails
-        apsw.faultdict["SCPHConfigFails"] = True
-        try:
-            apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ)
-            1 / 0
-        except apsw.FullError:
-            pass
-
-        # Connection.db_names
-        apsw.faultdict["dbnamesnolist"] = True
-        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, self.db.db_names)
-        apsw.faultdict["dbnamestrfail"] = True
-        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, self.db.db_names)
-        apsw.faultdict["dbnamesappendfail"] = True
-        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, self.db.db_names)
-
-
-    # This test is run last by deliberate name choice.  If it did
-    # uncover any bugs there isn't much that can be done to turn the
-    # checker off.
-    def testzzForkChecker(self):
-        "Test detection of using objects across fork"
-        # need to free up everything that already exists
-        self.db.close()
-        self.db = None
-        gc.collect()
-        # install it
-        apsw.fork_checker()
-
-        # return some objects
-        def getstuff():
-            db = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            cur = db.cursor()
-            for row in cur.execute(
-                    "create table foo(x);insert into foo values(1);insert into foo values(x'aabbcc'); select last_insert_rowid()"
-            ):
-                blobid = row[0]
-            blob = db.blobopen("main", "foo", "x", blobid, 0)
-            db2 = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-            if hasattr(db2, "backup"):
-                backup = db2.backup("main", db, "main")
-            else:
-                backup = None
-            return (db, cur, blob, backup)
-
-        # test the objects
-        def teststuff(db, cur, blob, backup):
-            if db:
-                db.cursor().execute("select 3")
-            if cur:
-                cur.execute("select 3")
-            if blob:
-                blob.read(1)
-            if backup:
-                backup.step()
-
-        # Sanity check
-        teststuff(*getstuff())
-        # get some to use in parent
-        parent = getstuff()
-        # to be used (and fail with error) in child
-        child = getstuff()
-
-        def childtest(*args):
-            # we can't use unittest methods here since we are in a different process
-            val = args[0]
-            args = args[1:]
-            # this should work
-            teststuff(*getstuff())
-
-            # ignore the unraiseable stuff sent to sys.excepthook
-            def eh(*args):
-                pass
-
-            sys.excepthook = eh
-            # call with each separate item to check
-            try:
-                for i in range(len(args)):
-                    a = [None] * len(args)
-                    a[i] = args[i]
-                    try:
-                        teststuff(*a)
-                    except apsw.ForkingViolationError:
-                        pass
-            except apsw.ForkingViolationError:
-                # we get one final exception "between" line due to the
-                # nature of how the exception is raised
-                pass
-            # this should work again
-            teststuff(*getstuff())
-            val.value = 1
-
-        import multiprocessing
-        val = multiprocessing.Value("i", 0)
-        p = multiprocessing.Process(target=childtest, args=[val] + list(child))
-        p.start()
-        p.join()
-        self.assertEqual(1, val.value)  # did child complete ok?
-        teststuff(*parent)
-
-        # we call shutdown to free mutexes used in fork checker,
-        # so clear out all the things first
-        del child
-        del parent
-        gc.collect()
-        apsw.shutdown()
-
-
-testtimeout = False  # timeout testing adds several seconds to each run
-
-
-def vfstestdb(filename=TESTFILEPREFIX + "testdb2", vfsname="apswtest", closedb=True, mode=None, attachdb=None):
-    "This method causes all parts of a vfs to be executed"
-    gc.collect()  # free any existing db handles
-    for suf in "", "-journal", "x", "x-journal":
-        deletefile(filename + suf)
-
-    db = apsw.Connection("file:" + filename + "?psow=0", vfs=vfsname, flags=openflags)
-    if mode:
-        db.cursor().execute("pragma journal_mode=" + mode)
-    db.cursor().execute(
-        "create table foo(x,y); insert into foo values(1,2); insert into foo values(date('now'), date('now'))")
-    if testtimeout:
-        # busy
-        db2 = apsw.Connection(filename, vfs=vfsname)
-        if mode:
-            db2.cursor().execute("pragma journal_mode=" + mode)
-        db.setbusytimeout(1100)
-        db2.cursor().execute("begin exclusive")
-        try:
-            db.cursor().execute("begin immediate")
-            1 / 0  # should not be reached
-        except apsw.BusyError:
-            pass
-        db2.cursor().execute("end")
-
-    # cause truncate to be called
-    # see sqlite test/pager3.test where this (public domain) code is taken from
-    # I had to add the pragma journal_mode to get it to work
-    c = db.cursor()
-    for row in c.execute("pragma journal_mode=truncate"):
-        pass
-
-    c.execute("""
-                 create table t1(a unique, b);
-                 insert into t1 values(1, 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz');
-                 insert into t1 values(2, 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz');
-                 update t1 set b=b||a||b;
-                 update t1 set b=b||a||b;
-                 update t1 set b=b||a||b;
-                 update t1 set b=b||a||b;
-                 update t1 set b=b||a||b;
-                 update t1 set b=b||a||b;
-                 create temp table t2 as select * from t1;
-                 begin;
-                 create table t3(x);""")
-    try:
-        c.execute("insert into t1 select 4-a, b from t2")
-    except apsw.ConstraintError:
-        pass
-    c.execute("rollback")
-
-    if attachdb:
-        c.execute("attach '%s' as second" % (attachdb, ))
-
-    if hasattr(APSW, "testLoadExtension"):
-        # can we use loadextension?
-        db.enableloadextension(True)
-        try:
-            db.loadextension("./" * 128 + LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME + "xxx")
-        except apsw.ExtensionLoadingError:
-            pass
-        db.loadextension(LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME)
-        assert (1 == next(db.cursor().execute("select half(2)"))[0])
-
-    # Get the routine xCheckReservedLock to be called.  We need a hot journal
-    # which this code adapted from SQLite's pager.test does
-    if not iswindows:
-        c.execute("create table abc(a,b,c)")
-        for i in range(20):
-            c.execute("insert into abc values(1,2,?)", (randomstring(200), ))
-        c.execute("begin; update abc set c=?", (randomstring(200), ))
-
-        write_whole_file(filename + "x", "wb", read_whole_file(filename, "rb"))
-        write_whole_file(filename + "x-journal", "wb", read_whole_file(filename + "-journal", "rb"))
-
-        f = open(filename + "x-journal", "ab")
-        f.seek(-1032, 2)  # 1032 bytes before end of file
-        f.write(b"\x00\x00\x00\x00")
-        f.close()
-
-        hotdb = apsw.Connection(filename + "x", vfs=vfsname)
-        if mode:
-            hotdb.cursor().execute("pragma journal_mode=" + mode)
-        hotdb.cursor().execute("select sql from sqlite_master")
-        hotdb.close()
-
-    if closedb:
-        db.close()
-    else:
-        return db
-
-
-if not iswindows:
-    # note that a directory must be specified otherwise $LD_LIBRARY_PATH is used
-    LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME = "./testextension.sqlext"
-else:
-    LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME = "testextension.sqlext"
-
-MEMLEAKITERATIONS = 1000
-PROFILESTEPS = 250000
-
-
-def setup():
-    """Call this if importing this test suite as it will ensure tests
-    we can't run are removed etc.  It will also print version
-    information."""
-
-    print_version_info()
-
-    if hasattr(apsw, "config"):
-        apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS, True)  # ensure memory tracking is on
-    apsw.initialize()  # manual call for coverage
-    memdb = apsw.Connection(":memory:")
-    if not getattr(memdb, "enableloadextension", None):
-        del APSW.testLoadExtension
-
-    forkcheck = False
-    if hasattr(apsw, "fork_checker") and hasattr(os, "fork") and platform.python_implementation() != "PyPy":
-        try:
-            import multiprocessing
-            if hasattr(multiprocessing, "get_start_method"):
-                if multiprocessing.get_start_method() != "fork":
-                    raise ImportError
-            # sometimes the import works but doing anything fails
-            val = multiprocessing.Value("i", 0)
-            forkcheck = True
-        except ImportError:
-            pass
-
-    # we also remove forkchecker if doing multiple iterations
-    if not forkcheck or "APSW_TEST_ITERATIONS" in os.environ:
-        del APSW.testzzForkChecker
-
-    if not is64bit or "APSW_TEST_LARGE" not in os.environ:
-        del APSW.testLargeObjects
-
-    # We can do extension loading but no extension present ...
-    if getattr(memdb, "enableloadextension", None) and not os.path.exists(LOADEXTENSIONFILENAME):
-        print("Not doing LoadExtension test.  You need to compile the extension first\n")
-        print("  python3 setup.py build_test_extension")
-        del APSW.testLoadExtension
-
-    # coverage testing of the shell
-    if "APSW_PY_COVERAGE" in os.environ:
-        APSW._originaltestShell = APSW.testShell
-        APSW.testShell = APSW._testShellWithCoverage
-
-    # python version compatibility
-    if not hasattr(APSW, "assertRaisesRegex"):
-        APSW.assertRaisesRegex = APSW.assertRaisesRegexCompat
-
-    del memdb
-
-
-test_types_vals = (
-    "a simple string",  # "ascii" string
-    "0123456789" * 200000,  # a longer string
-    u"a \u1234 unicode \ufe54 string \u0089",  # simple unicode string
-    u"\N{BLACK STAR} \N{WHITE STAR} \N{LIGHTNING} \N{COMET} ",  # funky unicode or an episode of b5
-    u"\N{MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF}",  # http://www.cmlenz.net/archives/2008/07/the-truth-about-unicode-in-python
-    97,  # integer
-    2147483647,  # numbers on 31 bit boundary (32nd bit used for integer sign), and then
-    -2147483647,  # start using 32nd bit (must be represented by 64bit to avoid losing
-    2147483648,  # detail)
-    -2147483648,
-    2147483999,
-    -2147483999,
-    992147483999,
-    -992147483999,
-    9223372036854775807,
-    -9223372036854775808,
-    b"a set of bytes",  # bag of bytes initialised from a string, but don't confuse it with a
-    b"".join([b"\\x%02x" % (x, ) for x in range(256)]),  # string
-    b"".join([b"\\x%02x" % (x, ) for x in range(256)]) * 20000,  # non-trivial size
-    None,  # our good friend NULL/None
-    1.1,  # floating point can't be compared exactly - assertAlmostEqual is used to check
-    10.2,  # see Appendix B in the Python Tutorial
-    1.3,
-    1.45897589347E97,
-    5.987987 / 8.7678678687676786,
-    math.pi,
-    True,  # derived from integer
-    False)
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    setup()
-
-    def runtests():
-        def set_wal_mode(c):
-            # Note that WAL won't be on for memory databases.  This
-            # execution returns the active mode
-            c.cursor().execute("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL").fetchall()
-
-        def fsync_off(c):
-            try:
-                c.cursor().execute("PRAGMA synchronous=OFF ; PRAGMA fullfsync=OFF; PRAGMA checkpoint_fullfsync=OFF")
-            except apsw.BusyError:
-                pass
-
-        b4 = apsw.connection_hooks[:]
-        try:
-            if "APSW_TEST_WALMODE" in os.environ:
-                apsw.connection_hooks.append(set_wal_mode)
-                print("WAL mode testing")
-
-            if "APSW_TEST_FSYNC_OFF" in os.environ:
-                apsw.connection_hooks.append(fsync_off)
-
-            if os.getenv("PYTRACE"):
-                import trace
-                t = trace.Trace(count=0, trace=1, ignoredirs=[sys.prefix, sys.exec_prefix])
-                t.runfunc(unittest.main)
-            else:
-                unittest.main()
-        finally:
-            apsw.connection_hooks = b4
-
-    v = os.environ.get("APSW_TEST_ITERATIONS", None)
-    if v is None:
-        try:
-            runtests()
-        except SystemExit:
-            exitcode = sys.exc_info()[1].code
-    else:
-        # we run all the tests multiple times which has better coverage
-        # a larger value for MEMLEAKITERATIONS slows down everything else
-        MEMLEAKITERATIONS = 5
-        PROFILESTEPS = 1000
-        v = int(v)
-        for i in range(v):
-            print(f"Iteration { i + 1 }  of { v }")
-            try:
-                runtests()
-            except SystemExit:
-                exitcode = sys.exc_info()[1].code
-
-    # Free up everything possible
-    del APSW
-    del ThreadRunner
-    del randomintegers
-
-    # clean up sqlite and apsw
-    gc.collect()  # all cursors & connections must be gone
-    apsw.shutdown()
-    apsw.config(apsw.SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, None)
-    if hasattr(apsw, "_fini"):
-        apsw._fini()
-        gc.collect()
-    del apsw
-
-    exit = sys.exit
-
-    # modules
-    del unittest
-    del os
-    del math
-    del random
-    del time
-    del threading
-    del queue
-    del traceback
-    del re
-    gc.collect()
-
-    exit(exitcode)
\ No newline at end of file
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/tools/apswtrace.py python-apsw-3.40.0.0/tools/apswtrace.py
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/tools/apswtrace.py	2022-04-06 04:58:08.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/tools/apswtrace.py	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,339 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-#
-# See the accompanying LICENSE file.
-#
-# This module lets you automatically trace SQL operations in a program
-# using APSW without having to modify the program in any way.
-
-import time
-import sys
-import weakref
-
-class APSWTracer(object):
-
-    def __init__(self, options):
-        self.u=""
-        import _thread
-        self.threadid=_thread.get_ident
-        self.stringtypes=(str,)
-        self.numtypes=(int, float)
-        self.binarytypes=(bytes,)
-        self.options=options
-        if options.output in ("-", "stdout"):
-            self._writer=sys.stdout.write
-        elif options.output=="stderr":
-            self._writer=sys.stderr.write
-        else:
-            self._writer=open(options.output, "wt").write
-
-        try:
-            import apsw
-            apsw.connection_hooks.append(self.connection_hook)
-        except:
-            sys.stderr.write(self.u+"Unable to import apsw\n")
-            raise
-
-        self.mapping_open_flags=apsw.mapping_open_flags
-        self.zeroblob=apsw.zeroblob
-        self.apswConnection=apsw.Connection
-
-        self.newcursor={}
-        self.threadsused={} # really want a set
-        self.queries={}
-        self.timings={}
-        self.rowsreturned=0
-        self.numcursors=0
-        self.numconnections=0
-        self.timestart=time.time()
-
-    def writerpy3(self, s):
-        self._writer(s+"\n")
-
-    writer=writerpy3
-
-    def format(self, obj):
-        if isinstance(obj, dict):
-            return self.formatdict(obj)
-        if isinstance(obj, tuple):
-            return self.formatseq(obj, '()')
-        if isinstance(obj, list):
-            return self.formatseq(obj, '[]')
-        if isinstance(obj, self.stringtypes):
-            return self.formatstring(obj)
-        if obj is True:
-            return "True"
-        if obj is False:
-            return "False"
-        if obj is None:
-            return "None"
-        if isinstance(obj, self.numtypes):
-            return repr(obj)
-        if isinstance(obj, self.binarytypes):
-            return self.formatbinary(obj)
-        if isinstance(obj, self.zeroblob):
-            return "zeroblob(%d)" % (obj.length(),)
-        return repr(obj)
-
-    def formatstring(self, obj, quote='"', checkmaxlen=True):
-        obj=obj.replace("\n", "\\n").replace("\r", "\\r")
-        if checkmaxlen and len(obj)>self.options.length:
-            obj=obj[:self.options.length]+'..'
-        return self.u+quote+obj+quote
-
-    def formatdict(self, obj):
-        items=list(obj.items())
-        items.sort()
-        op=[]
-        for k,v in items:
-            op.append(self.format(k)+": "+self.format(v))
-        return self.u+"{"+", ".join(op)+"}"
-
-    def formatseq(self, obj, paren):
-        return self.u+paren[0]+", ".join([self.format(v) for v in obj])+paren[1]
-
-    def formatbinarypy2(self, obj):
-        if len(obj)<self.options.length:
-            return "X'"+"".join(["%x" % ord(obj[i]) for i in range(len(obj))])+"'"
-        return "(%d) X'"%(len(obj),)+"".join(["%x" % ord(obj[i]) for i in range(self.options.length)])+"..'"
-
-    def formatbinarypy3(self, obj):
-        if len(obj)<self.options.length:
-            return "X'"+"".join(["%x" % obj[i] for i in range(len(obj))])+"'"
-        return "(%d) X'"%(len(obj),)+"".join(["%x" % obj[i] for i in range(self.options.length)])+"..'"
-
-    formatbinary=formatbinarypy3
-
-    def sanitizesql(self, sql):
-        sql=sql.strip("; \t\r\n")
-        while sql.startswith("--"):
-            sql=sql.split("\n", 1)[1]
-            sql=sql.lstrip("; \t\r\n")
-        return sql
-
-    def profiler(self, sql, nanoseconds):
-        sql=self.sanitizesql(sql)
-        if sql not in self.timings:
-            self.timings[sql]=[nanoseconds]
-        else:
-            self.timings[sql].append(nanoseconds)
-
-    def cursorfinished(self, cursor):
-        del self.newcursor[cursor]
-
-    def exectracer(self, cursor, sql, bindings):
-        tid=self.threadid()
-        if tid not in self.threadsused:
-            self.threadsused[tid]=True
-        if self.options.report:
-            fix=self.sanitizesql(sql)
-            if fix not in self.queries:
-                self.queries[fix]=1
-            else:
-                self.queries[fix]=self.queries[fix]+1
-        if not isinstance(cursor, self.apswConnection):
-            wr=weakref.ref(cursor, self.cursorfinished)
-            if wr not in self.newcursor:
-                self.newcursor[wr]=True
-                self.numcursors+=1
-                if self.options.sql:
-                    self.log(id(cursor), "CURSORFROM:", "%x" % (id(cursor.getconnection()),),
-                             "DB:", self.formatstring(cursor.getconnection().filename, checkmaxlen=False))
-        if self.options.sql:
-            args=[id(cursor), "SQL:", self.formatstring(sql, '', False)]
-            if bindings:
-                args.extend(["BINDINGS:", self.format(bindings)])
-            self.log(*args)
-        return True
-
-    def rowtracer(self, cursor, row):
-        if self.options.report:
-            self.rowsreturned+=1
-        if self.options.rows:
-            self.log(id(cursor), "ROW:", self.format(row))
-        return row
-
-    def flagme(self, value, mapping, strip=""):
-        v=[(k,v) for k,v in mapping.items() if isinstance(k, int)]
-        v.sort()
-        op=[]
-        for k,v in v:
-            if value&k:
-                if v.startswith(strip):
-                    v=v[len(strip):]
-                op.append(v)
-        return self.u+"|".join(op)
-
-    def connection_hook(self, con):
-        self.numconnections+=1
-        if self.options.report:
-            con.setprofile(self.profiler)
-        if self.options.sql or self.options.report:
-            con.setexectrace(self.exectracer)
-        if self.options.rows or self.options.report:
-            con.setrowtrace(self.rowtracer)
-        if self.options.sql:
-            self.log(id(con), "OPEN:", self.formatstring(con.filename, checkmaxlen=False), con.open_vfs, self.flagme(con.open_flags, self.mapping_open_flags, "SQLITE_OPEN_"))
-
-    def log(self, lid, ltype, *args):
-        out=["%x" % (lid,)]
-        if self.options.timestamps:
-            out.append("%.03f" % (time.time()-self.timestart,))
-        if self.options.thread:
-            out.append("%x" % (self.threadid(),))
-        out.append(ltype)
-        out.extend(args)
-        self.writer(self.u+" ".join(out))
-
-    def run(self):
-        import sys
-        import __main__
-        d=__main__.__dict__
-        # We use compile so that filename is present in printed exceptions
-        code=compile(open(sys.argv[0], "rb").read(), sys.argv[0], "exec")
-        exec(code, d, d)
-
-    def mostpopular(self, howmany):
-        all=[(v,k) for k,v in self.queries.items()]
-        all.sort()
-        all.reverse()
-        return all[:howmany]
-
-    def longestrunningaggregate(self, howmany):
-        all=[(sum(v),len(v),k) for k,v in self.timings.items()]
-        all.sort()
-        all.reverse()
-        return all[:howmany]
-
-    def longestrunningindividual(self, howmany):
-        res=[]
-        for k,v in self.timings.items():
-            for t in v:
-                res.append( (t, k) )
-        res.sort()
-        res.reverse()
-        res=res[:howmany]
-        return res
-
-    def report(self):
-        import time
-        if not self.options.report:
-            return
-        w=lambda *args: self.writer(self.u+" ".join(args))
-        if "summary" in self.options.reports:
-            w("APSW TRACE SUMMARY REPORT")
-            w()
-            w("Program run time                   ", "%.03f seconds" % (time.time()-self.timestart,))
-            w("Total connections                  ", str(self.numconnections))
-            w("Total cursors                      ", str(self.numcursors))
-            w("Number of threads used for queries ", str(len(self.threadsused)))
-        total=0
-        for k,v in self.queries.items():
-            total+=v
-        fmtq=len("%d" % (total,))+1
-        if "summary" in self.options.reports:
-            w("Total queries                      ", str(total))
-            w("Number of distinct queries         ", str(len(self.queries)))
-            w("Number of rows returned            ", str(self.rowsreturned))
-            total=0
-            for k,v in self.timings.items():
-                for v2 in v:
-                    total+=v2
-            w("Time spent processing queries      ", "%.03f seconds" % (total/1000000000.0))
-
-        # show most popular queries
-        if "popular" in self.options.reports:
-            w()
-            w("MOST POPULAR QUERIES")
-            w()
-            for count, query in self.mostpopular(self.options.reportn):
-                w("% *d" % (fmtq, count,), self.formatstring(query, '', False))
-
-        # show longest running (aggregate)
-        if "aggregate" in self.options.reports:
-            w()
-            w("LONGEST RUNNING - AGGREGATE")
-            w()
-            fmtt=None
-            for total, count, query in self.longestrunningaggregate(self.options.reportn):
-                if fmtt is None:
-                    fmtt=len(fmtfloat(total/1000000000.0))+1
-                w("% *d %s" % (fmtq, count, fmtfloat(total/1000000000.0, total=fmtt)), self.formatstring(query, '', False))
-
-        # show longest running (individual)
-        if "individual" in self.options.reports:
-            w()
-            w("LONGEST RUNNING - INDIVIDUAL")
-            w()
-            fmtt=None
-            for t,query in self.longestrunningindividual(self.options.reportn):
-                if fmtt is None:
-                    fmtt=len(fmtfloat(total/1000000000.0))+1
-                w(fmtfloat(t/1000000000.0, total=fmtt), self.formatstring(query, '', False))
-
-def fmtfloat(n, decimals=3, total=None):
-    "Work around borken python float formatting"
-    s="%0.*f" % (decimals, n)
-    if total:
-        s=(" "*total+s)[-total:]
-    return s
-
-def main():
-    import optparse
-    import os
-    import sys
-
-    reports=("summary", "popular", "aggregate", "individual")
-
-    parser=optparse.OptionParser(usage="%prog [options] pythonscript.py [pythonscriptoptions]",
-                                 description="This script runs a Python program that uses APSW "
-                                 "and reports on SQL queries without modifying the program.  This is "
-                                 "done by using connection_hooks and registering row and execution "
-                                 "tracers.  See APSW documentation for more details on the output.")
-    parser.add_option("-o", "--output", dest="output", default="stdout",
-                      help="Where to send the output.  Use a filename, a single dash for stdout, or the words stdout and stderr. [%default]")
-    parser.add_option("-s", "--sql", dest="sql", default=False, action="store_true",
-                      help="Log SQL statements as they are executed. [%default]")
-    parser.add_option("-r", "--rows", dest="rows", default=False, action="store_true",
-                      help="Log returned rows as they are returned (turns on sql). [%default]")
-    parser.add_option("-t", "--timestamps", dest="timestamps", default=False, action="store_true",
-                      help="Include timestamps in logging")
-    parser.add_option("-i", "--thread", dest="thread", default=False, action="store_true",
-                      help="Include thread id in logging")
-    parser.add_option("-l", "--length", dest="length", default=30, type="int",
-                      help="Max amount of a string to print [%default]")
-    parser.add_option("--no-report", dest="report", default=True, action="store_false",
-                      help="A summary report is normally generated at program exit.  This turns off the report and saves memory.")
-    parser.add_option("--report-items", dest="reportn", metavar="N", default=15, type="int",
-                      help="How many items to report in top lists [%default]")
-    parser.add_option("--reports", dest="reports", default=",".join(reports),
-                      help="Which reports to show [%default]")
-
-    parser.disable_interspersed_args()
-    options, args=parser.parse_args()
-
-    options.reports=[x.strip() for x in options.reports.split(",") if x.strip()]
-    for r in options.reports:
-        if r not in reports:
-            parser.error(r+" is not a valid report.  You should supply one or more of "+", ".join(reports))
-
-    if options.rows:
-        options.sql=True
-
-    if not args:
-        parser.error("You must specify a python script to execute")
-
-    if not os.path.exists(args[0]):
-        parser.error("Unable to find script %r\n" % (args[0],))
-
-    sys.argv=args
-    sys.path[0]=os.path.split(os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0]))[0]
-
-    t=APSWTracer(options)
-
-    try:
-        t.run()
-    finally:
-        t.report()
-
-if __name__=="__main__":
-    main()
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/tools/shell.py python-apsw-3.40.0.0/tools/shell.py
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/tools/shell.py	2022-07-12 13:29:40.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/tools/shell.py	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3020 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-import sys
-import apsw
-import shlex
-import os
-import csv
-import re
-import textwrap
-import time
-import codecs
-import base64
-
-from typing import TextIO
-
-if sys.platform == "win32":
-    _win_colour = False
-    try:
-        import colorama
-        colorama.init()
-        del colorama
-        _win_colour = True
-    except:  # there are several failure reasons, ignore them all
-        pass
-
-
-class Shell:
-    """Implements a SQLite shell
-
-    :param stdin: Where to read input from (default sys.stdin)
-    :param stdout: Where to send output (default sys.stdout)
-    :param stderr: Where to send errors (default sys.stderr)
-    :param encoding: Default encoding for files opened/created by the
-      Shell.  If you want stdin/out/err to use a particular encoding
-      then you need to provide them `already configured <http://docs.python.org/library/codecs.html#codecs.open>`__ that way.
-    :param args: This should be program arguments only (ie if
-      passing in sys.argv do not include sys.argv[0] which is the
-      program name.  You can also pass in None and then call
-      :meth:`process_args` if you want to catch any errors
-      in handling the arguments yourself.
-    :param db: A existing :class:`Connection` you wish to use
-
-    The commands and behaviour are modelled after the `interactive
-    shell <https://sqlite.org/sqlite.html>`__ that is part of
-    SQLite.
-
-    You can inherit from this class to embed in your own code and user
-    interface.  Internally everything is handled as unicode.
-    Conversions only happen at the point of input or output which you
-    can override in your own code.
-
-    Errors and diagnostics are only ever sent to error output
-    (self.stderr) and never to the regular output (self.stdout).  This
-    means using shell output is always easy and consistent.
-
-    Shell commands begin with a dot (eg .help).  They are implemented
-    as a method named after the command (eg command_help).  The method
-    is passed one parameter which is the list of arguments to the
-    command.
-
-    Output modes are implemented by functions named after the mode (eg
-    output_column).
-
-    When you request help the help information is automatically
-    generated from the docstrings for the command and output
-    functions.
-
-    You should not use a Shell object concurrently from multiple
-    threads.  It is one huge set of state information which would
-    become inconsistent if used simultaneously, and then give baffling
-    errors.  It is safe to call methods one at a time from different
-    threads.  ie it doesn't care what thread calls methods as long as
-    you don't call more than one concurrently.
-    """
-
-    class Error(Exception):
-        """Class raised on errors.  The expectation is that the error
-        will be displayed by the shell as text so there are no
-        specific subclasses as the distinctions between different
-        types of errors doesn't matter."""
-        pass
-
-    def __init__(self, stdin: TextIO = None, stdout=None, stderr=None, encoding: str = "utf8", args=None, db=None):
-        """Create instance, set defaults and do argument processing."""
-        # The parameter doc has to be in main class doc as sphinx
-        # ignores any described here
-        self.exceptions = False
-        self.history_file = "~/.sqlite_history"
-        self._db = None
-        self.dbfilename = None
-        if db:
-            self.db = db, db.filename
-        else:
-            self.db = None, None
-        self.prompt = "sqlite> "
-        self.moreprompt = "    ..> "
-        self.separator = "|"
-        self.bail = False
-        self.echo = False
-        self.timer = False
-        self.header = False
-        self.nullvalue = ""
-        self.output = self.output_list
-        self._output_table = self._fmt_sql_identifier("table")
-        self.widths = []
-        # do we truncate output in list mode?  (explain doesn't, regular does)
-        self.truncate = True
-        # a stack of previous outputs. turning on explain saves previous, off restores
-        self._output_stack = []
-
-        # other stuff
-        self.set_encoding(encoding)
-        if stdin is None: stdin = sys.stdin
-        if stdout is None: stdout = sys.stdout
-        if stderr is None: stderr = sys.stderr
-        self.stdin = stdin
-        self.stdout = stdout
-        self._original_stdout = stdout
-        self.stderr = stderr
-        # we don't become interactive until the command line args are
-        # successfully parsed and acted upon
-        self.interactive = None
-        # current colouring object
-        self.command_colour()  # set to default
-        self._using_readline = False
-        self._input_stack = []
-        self.input_line_number = 0
-        self.push_input()
-        self.push_output()
-        self._input_descriptions = []
-
-        if args:
-            try:
-                self.process_args(args)
-            except:
-                if len(self._input_descriptions):
-                    self._input_descriptions.append("Processing command line arguments")
-                self.handle_exception()
-                raise
-
-        if self.interactive is None:
-            self.interactive = getattr(self.stdin, "isatty", False) and self.stdin.isatty() and getattr(
-                self.stdout, "isatty", False) and self.stdout.isatty()
-
-    def _ensure_db(self):
-        "The database isn't opened until first use.  This function ensures it is now open."
-        if not self._db:
-            if not self.dbfilename:
-                self.dbfilename = ":memory:"
-            self._db = apsw.Connection(self.dbfilename,
-                                       flags=apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_URI | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE
-                                       | apsw.SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE)
-        return self._db
-
-    def _set_db(self, newv):
-        "Sets the open database (or None) and filename"
-        (db, dbfilename) = newv
-        if self._db:
-            self._db.close(True)
-            self._db = None
-        self._db = db
-        self.dbfilename = dbfilename
-
-    db = property(_ensure_db, _set_db, None, "The current :class:`Connection`")
-
-    def process_args(self, args):
-        """Process command line options specified in args.  It is safe to
-        call this multiple times.  We try to be compatible with SQLite shell
-        argument parsing.
-
-        :param args: A list of string options.  Do not include the
-           program as args[0]
-
-        :returns: A tuple of (databasefilename, initfiles,
-           sqlncommands).  This is provided for informational purposes
-           only - they have already been acted upon.  An example use
-           is that the SQLite shell does not enter the main interactive
-           loop if any sql/commands were provided.
-
-        The first non-option is the database file name.  Each
-        remaining non-option is treated as a complete input (ie it
-        isn't joined with others looking for a trailing semi-colon).
-
-        The SQLite shell uses single dash in front of options.  We
-        allow both single and double dashes.  When an unrecognized
-        argument is encountered then
-        :meth:`process_unknown_args` is called.
-        """
-        # we don't use optparse as we need to use single dashes for
-        # options - all hand parsed
-        if not args:
-            return None, [], []
-
-        # are options still valid?
-        options = True
-        # have we seen the database name?
-        havedbname = False
-        # List of init files to read
-        inits = []
-        # List of sql/dot commands
-        sqls = []
-
-        while args:
-            if not options or not args[0].startswith("-"):
-                options = False
-                if not havedbname:
-                    # grab new database
-                    self.db = None, args[0]
-                    havedbname = True
-                else:
-                    sqls.append(args[0])
-                args = args[1:]
-                continue
-
-            # remove initial single or double dash
-            args[0] = args[0][1:]
-            if args[0].startswith("-"):
-                args[0] = args[0][1:]
-
-            if args[0] == "init":
-                if len(args) < 2:
-                    raise self.Error("You need to specify a filename after -init")
-                inits.append(args[1])
-                args = args[2:]
-                continue
-
-            if args[0] == "header" or args[0] == "noheader":
-                self.header = args[0] == "header"
-                args = args[1:]
-                continue
-
-            if args[0] in ("echo", "bail", "interactive"):
-                setattr(self, args[0], True)
-                args = args[1:]
-                continue
-
-            if args[0] == "batch":
-                self.interactive = False
-                args = args[1:]
-                continue
-
-            if args[0] in ("separator", "nullvalue", "encoding"):
-                if len(args) < 2:
-                    raise self.Error("You need to specify a value after -" + args[0])
-                getattr(self, "command_" + args[0])([args[1]])
-                args = args[2:]
-                continue
-
-            if args[0] == "version":
-                self.write(self.stdout, apsw.sqlitelibversion() + "\n")
-                # A pretty gnarly thing to do
-                sys.exit(0)
-
-            if args[0] == "help":
-                self.write(self.stderr, self.usage())
-                sys.exit(0)
-
-            if args[0] in ("no-colour", "no-color", "nocolour", "nocolor"):
-                self.colour_scheme = "off"
-                self._out_colour()
-                args = args[1:]
-                continue
-
-            # only remaining known args are output modes
-            if getattr(self, "output_" + args[0], None):
-                self.command_mode(args[:1])
-                args = args[1:]
-                continue
-
-            newargs = self.process_unknown_args(args)
-            if newargs is None:
-                raise self.Error("Unrecognized argument '" + args[0] + "'")
-            args = newargs
-
-        for f in inits:
-            self.command_read([f])
-
-        for s in sqls:
-            self.process_complete_line(s)
-
-        return self.dbfilename, inits, sqls
-
-    def process_unknown_args(self, args):
-        """This is called when :meth:`process_args` encounters an
-        argument it doesn't understand.  Override this method if you
-        want to be able to understand additional command line arguments.
-
-        :param args: A list of the remaining arguments.  The initial one will
-           have had the leading dashes removed (eg if it was --foo on the command
-           line then args[0] will be "foo"
-        :returns: None if you don't recognize the argument either.  Otherwise
-           return the list of remaining arguments after you have processed
-           yours.
-        """
-        return None
-
-    def usage(self):
-        "Returns the usage message.  Make sure it is newline terminated"
-
-        msg = """
-Usage: program [OPTIONS] FILENAME [SQL|CMD] [SQL|CMD]...
-FILENAME is the name of a SQLite database. A new database is
-created if the file does not exist.
-OPTIONS include:
-   -init filename       read/process named file
-   -echo                print commands before execution
-   -[no]header          turn headers on or off
-   -bail                stop after hitting an error
-   -interactive         force interactive I/O
-   -batch               force batch I/O
-   -column              set output mode to 'column'
-   -csv                 set output mode to 'csv'
-   -html                set output mode to 'html'
-   -line                set output mode to 'line'
-   -list                set output mode to 'list'
-   -python              set output mode to 'python'
-   -separator 'x'       set output field separator (|)
-   -nullvalue 'text'    set text string for NULL values
-   -version             show SQLite version
-   -encoding 'name'     the encoding to use for files
-                        opened via .import, .read & .output
-   -nocolour            disables colour output to screen
-"""
-        return msg.lstrip()
-
-    ###
-    ### Value formatting routines.  They take a value and return a
-    ### text formatting of them.  Mostly used by the various output's
-    ### but also by random other pieces of code.
-    ###
-
-    _binary_type = bytes
-    _basestring = str
-
-    # bytes that are ok in C strings - no need for quoting
-    _printable = [
-        ord(x) for x in "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789~!@#$%^&*()`_-+={}[]:;,.<>/?|"
-    ]
-
-    def _fmt_c_string(self, v):
-        "Format as a C string including surrounding double quotes"
-        if isinstance(v, self._basestring):
-            op = ['"']
-            for c in v:
-                if c == "\\":
-                    op.append("\\\\")
-                elif c == "\r":
-                    op.append("\\r")
-                elif c == "\n":
-                    op.append("\\n")
-                elif c == "\t":
-                    op.append("\\t")
-                elif ord(c) not in self._printable:
-                    op.append("\\" + c)
-                else:
-                    op.append(c)
-            op.append('"')
-            return "".join(op)
-        elif v is None:
-            return '"' + self.nullvalue + '"'
-        elif isinstance(v, self._binary_type):
-            o = lambda x: x
-            fromc = chr
-            res = ['"']
-            for c in v:
-                if o(c) in self._printable:
-                    res.append(fromc(c))
-                else:
-                    res.append("\\x%02X" % (o(c), ))
-            res.append('"')
-            return "".join(res)
-        else:
-            # number of some kind
-            return '"%s"' % (v, )
-
-    def _fmt_html_col(self, v):
-        "Format as HTML (mainly escaping &/</>"
-        return self._fmt_text_col(v).\
-           replace("&", "&amp;"). \
-           replace(">", "&gt;"). \
-           replace("<", "&lt;"). \
-           replace("'", "&apos;"). \
-           replace('"', "&quot;")
-
-    def _fmt_json_value(self, v):
-        "Format a value."
-        if isinstance(v, self._basestring):
-            # we assume utf8 so only some characters need to be escaed
-            op = ['"']
-            for c in v:
-                if c == "\\":
-                    op.append("\\\\")
-                elif c == "\r":
-                    op.append("\\r")
-                elif c == "\n":
-                    op.append("\\n")
-                elif c == "\t":
-                    op.append("\\t")
-                elif c == "/":  # yes you have to escape forward slash for some reason
-                    op.append("\\/")
-                elif c == '"':
-                    op.append("\\" + c)
-                elif c == "\\b":
-                    op.append("\\b")
-                elif c == "\\f":
-                    op.append("\\f")
-                else:
-                    # It isn't clear when \u sequences *must* be used.
-                    # Assuming not needed due to utf8 output which
-                    # corresponds to what rfc4627 implies.
-                    op.append(c)
-            op.append('"')
-            return "".join(op)
-        elif v is None:
-            return 'null'
-        elif isinstance(v, self._binary_type):
-            o = base64.encodebytes(v).decode("ascii")
-            if o[-1] == "\n":
-                o = o[:-1]
-            return '"' + o + '"'
-        else:
-            # number of some kind
-            return '%s' % (v, )
-
-    def _fmt_python(self, v):
-        "Format as python literal"
-        if v is None:
-            return "None"
-        elif isinstance(v, self._basestring):
-            return repr(v)
-        elif isinstance(v, self._binary_type):
-            res = ['b"']
-            for i in v:
-                if i in self._printable:
-                    res.append(chr(i))
-                else:
-                    res.append("\\x%02X" % (i, ))
-            res.append('"')
-            return "".join(res)
-        else:
-            return "%s" % (v, )
-
-    def _fmt_sql_identifier(self, v):
-        "Return the identifier quoted in SQL syntax if needed (eg table and column names)"
-        if not len(v):  # yes sqlite does allow zero length identifiers
-            return '""'
-        nonalnum = re.sub("[A-Za-z_0-9]+", "", v)
-        if len(nonalnum) == 0:
-            if v.upper() not in self._sqlite_reserved:
-                # Ok providing it doesn't start with a digit
-                if v[0] not in "0123456789":
-                    return v
-        # double quote it unless there are any double quotes in it
-        if '"' in nonalnum:
-            return "[%s]" % (v, )
-        return '"%s"' % (v, )
-
-    def _fmt_text_col(self, v):
-        "Regular text formatting"
-        if v is None:
-            return self.nullvalue
-        elif isinstance(v, self._basestring):
-            return v
-        elif isinstance(v, self._binary_type):
-            # sqlite gives back raw bytes!
-            return "<Binary data>"
-        else:
-            return "%s" % (v, )
-
-    ###
-    ### The various output routines.  They are always called with the
-    ### header irrespective of the setting allowing for some per query
-    ### setup. (see output_column for example).  The doc strings are
-    ### used to generate help.
-    ###
-
-    def output_column(self, header, line):
-        """
-        Items left aligned in space padded columns.  They are
-        truncated if they do not fit. If the width hasn't been
-        specified for a column then 10 is used unless the column name
-        (header) is longer in which case that width is used.  Use the
-        .width command to change column sizes.
-        """
-        # as an optimization we calculate self._actualwidths which is
-        # reset for each query
-        if header:
-
-            def gw(n):
-                if n < len(self.widths) and self.widths[n] != 0:
-                    return self.widths[n]
-                # if width is not present or 0 then autosize
-                text = self._fmt_text_col(line[n])
-                return max(len(text), 10)
-
-            widths = [gw(i) for i in range(len(line))]
-
-            if self.truncate:
-                self._actualwidths = ["%" + ("-%d.%ds", "%d.%ds")[w < 0] % (abs(w), abs(w)) for w in widths]
-            else:
-                self._actualwidths = ["%" + ("-%ds", "%ds")[w < 0] % (abs(w), ) for w in widths]
-
-            if self.header:
-                # output the headers
-                c = self.colour
-                cols = [
-                    c.header + (self._actualwidths[i] % (self._fmt_text_col(line[i]), )) + c.header_
-                    for i in range(len(line))
-                ]
-                # sqlite shell uses two spaces between columns
-                self.write(self.stdout, "  ".join(cols) + "\n")
-                if c is self._colours["off"]:
-                    self.output_column(False, ["-" * abs(widths[i]) for i in range(len(widths))])
-            return
-        cols = [
-            self.colour.colour_value(line[i], self._actualwidths[i] % (self._fmt_text_col(line[i]), ))
-            for i in range(len(line))
-        ]
-        # sqlite shell uses two spaces between columns
-        self.write(self.stdout, "  ".join(cols) + "\n")
-
-    output_columns = output_column
-
-    def output_csv(self, header, line):
-        """
-        Items in csv format (comma separated).  Use tabs mode for tab
-        separated.  You can use the .separator command to use a
-        different one after switching mode.  A separator of comma uses
-        double quotes for quoting while other separators do not do any
-        quoting.  The Python csv library used for this only supports
-        single character separators.
-        """
-
-        # we use self._csv for the work, setup when header is
-        # supplied. _csv is a tuple of a StringIO and the csv.writer
-        # instance.
-
-        fixdata = lambda x: x
-
-        if header:
-            import io
-            s = io.StringIO()
-            kwargs = {}
-            if self.separator == ",":
-                kwargs["dialect"] = "excel"
-            elif self.separator == "\t":
-                kwargs["dialect"] = "excel-tab"
-            else:
-                kwargs["quoting"] = csv.QUOTE_NONE
-                kwargs["delimiter"] = fixdata(self.separator)
-                kwargs["doublequote"] = False
-                # csv module is bug ridden junk - I already say no
-                # quoting so it still looks for the quotechar and then
-                # gets upset that it can't be quoted.  Which bit of no
-                # quoting was ambiguous?
-                kwargs["quotechar"] = "\x00"
-
-            writer = csv.writer(s, **kwargs)
-            self._csv = (s, writer)
-            if self.header:
-                self.output_csv(None, line)
-            return
-
-        if header is None:
-            c = self.colour
-            line = [c.header + fixdata(self._fmt_text_col(l)) + c.header_ for l in line]
-        else:
-            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, fixdata(self._fmt_text_col(x)))
-            line = [fmt(l) for l in line]
-        self._csv[1].writerow(line)
-        t = self._csv[0].getvalue()
-        # csv lib always does DOS eol
-        assert (t.endswith("\r\n"))
-        t = t[:-2]
-        # should not be other eol irregularities
-        assert (not t.endswith("\r") and not t.endswith("\n"))
-        self.write(self.stdout, t + "\n")
-        self._csv[0].truncate(0)
-        self._csv[0].seek(0)
-
-    def output_html(self, header, line):
-        "HTML table style"
-        if header:
-            if not self.header:
-                return
-            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.header + self._fmt_html_col(x) + self.colour.header_
-        else:
-            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_html_col(x))
-        line = [fmt(l) for l in line]
-        out = ["<TR>"]
-        for l in line:
-            out.append(("<TD>", "<TH>")[header])
-            out.append(l)
-            out.append(("</TD>\n", "</TH>\n")[header])
-        out.append("</TR>\n")
-        self.write(self.stdout, "".join(out))
-
-    def output_insert(self, header, line):
-        """
-        Lines as SQL insert statements.  The table name is "table"
-        unless you specified a different one as the second parameter
-        to the .mode command.
-        """
-        if header:
-            return
-        fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, apsw.format_sql_value(x))
-        out = "INSERT INTO " + self._output_table + " VALUES(" + ",".join([fmt(l) for l in line]) + ");\n"
-        self.write(self.stdout, out)
-
-    def output_json(self, header, line):
-        """
-        Each line as a JSON object with a trailing comma.  Blobs are
-        output as base64 encoded strings.  You should be using UTF8
-        output encoding.
-        """
-        if header:
-            self._output_json_cols = line
-            return
-        fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_json_value(x))
-        out = ["%s: %s" % (self._fmt_json_value(k), fmt(line[i])) for i, k in enumerate(self._output_json_cols)]
-        self.write(self.stdout, "{ " + ", ".join(out) + "},\n")
-
-    def output_line(self, header, line):
-        """
-        One value per line in the form 'column = value' with a blank
-        line between rows.
-        """
-        if header:
-            w = 5
-            for l in line:
-                if len(l) > w:
-                    w = len(l)
-            self._line_info = (w, line)
-            return
-        fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_text_col(x))
-        w = self._line_info[0]
-        for i in range(len(line)):
-            self.write(self.stdout, "%*s = %s\n" % (w, self._line_info[1][i], fmt(line[i])))
-        self.write(self.stdout, "\n")
-
-    output_lines = output_line
-
-    def output_list(self, header, line):
-        "All items on one line with separator"
-        if header:
-            if not self.header:
-                return
-            c = self.colour
-            fmt = lambda x: c.header + x + c.header_
-        else:
-            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_text_col(x))
-        self.write(self.stdout, self.separator.join([fmt(x) for x in line]) + "\n")
-
-    def output_python(self, header, line):
-        "Tuples in Python source form for each row"
-        if header:
-            if not self.header:
-                return
-            c = self.colour
-            fmt = lambda x: c.header + self._fmt_python(x) + c.header_
-        else:
-            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_python(x))
-        self.write(self.stdout, '(' + ", ".join([fmt(l) for l in line]) + "),\n")
-
-    def output_tcl(self, header, line):
-        "Outputs TCL/C style strings using current separator"
-        # In theory you could paste the output into your source ...
-        if header:
-            if not self.header:
-                return
-            c = self.colour
-            fmt = lambda x: c.header + self._fmt_c_string(x) + c.header_
-        else:
-            fmt = lambda x: self.colour.colour_value(x, self._fmt_c_string(x))
-        self.write(self.stdout, self.separator.join([fmt(l) for l in line]) + "\n")
-
-    def _output_summary(self, summary):
-        # internal routine to output a summary line or two
-        self.write(self.stdout, self.colour.summary + summary + self.colour.summary_)
-
-    ###
-    ### Various routines
-    ###
-
-    def cmdloop(self, intro=None):
-        """Runs the main interactive command loop.
-
-        :param intro: Initial text banner to display instead of the
-           default.  Make sure you newline terminate it.
-        """
-        if intro is None:
-            intro = """
-SQLite version %s (APSW %s)
-Enter ".help" for instructions
-Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";"
-""" % (apsw.sqlitelibversion(), apsw.apswversion())
-            intro = intro.lstrip()
-        if self.interactive and intro:
-            c = self.colour
-            self.write(self.stdout, c.intro + intro + c.intro_)
-
-        using_readline = False
-        try:
-            if self.interactive and self.stdin is sys.stdin:
-                import readline
-                old_completer = readline.get_completer()
-                readline.set_completer(self.complete)
-                readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
-                using_readline = True
-                try:
-                    readline.read_history_file(os.path.expanduser(self.history_file))
-                except:
-                    # We only expect IOError here but if the history
-                    # file does not exist and this code has been
-                    # compiled into the module it is possible to get
-                    # an IOError that doesn't match the IOError from
-                    # Python parse time resulting in an IOError
-                    # exception being raised.  Consequently we just
-                    # catch all exceptions.
-                    pass
-        except ImportError:
-            pass
-
-        try:
-            while True:
-                self._input_descriptions = []
-                if using_readline:
-                    # we drop completion cache because it contains
-                    # table and column names which could have changed
-                    # with last executed SQL
-                    self._completion_cache = None
-                    self._using_readline = True
-                try:
-                    command = self.getcompleteline()
-                    if command is None:  # EOF
-                        return
-                    self.process_complete_line(command)
-                except:
-                    self._append_input_description()
-                    try:
-                        self.handle_exception()
-                    except UnicodeDecodeError:
-                        self.handle_exception()
-        finally:
-            if using_readline:
-                readline.set_completer(old_completer)
-                readline.set_history_length(256)
-                readline.write_history_file(os.path.expanduser(self.history_file))
-
-    def handle_exception(self):
-        """Handles the current exception, printing a message to stderr as appropriate.
-        It will reraise the exception if necessary (eg if bail is true)"""
-        eclass, eval, etb = sys.exc_info()  # py2&3 compatible way of doing this
-        if isinstance(eval, SystemExit):
-            eval._handle_exception_saw_this = True
-            raise
-
-        self._out_colour()
-        self.write(self.stderr, self.colour.error)
-
-        if isinstance(eval, KeyboardInterrupt):
-            self.handle_interrupt()
-            text = "Interrupted"
-        else:
-            text = str(eval)
-
-        if not text.endswith("\n"):
-            text = text + "\n"
-
-        if len(self._input_descriptions):
-            for i in range(len(self._input_descriptions)):
-                if i == 0:
-                    pref = "At "
-                else:
-                    pref = " " * i + "From "
-                self.write(self.stderr, pref + self._input_descriptions[i] + "\n")
-
-        self.write(self.stderr, text)
-        if self.exceptions:
-            stack = []
-            while etb:
-                stack.append(etb.tb_frame)
-                etb = etb.tb_next
-
-            for frame in stack:
-                self.write(
-                    self.stderr,
-                    "\nFrame %s in %s at line %d\n" % (frame.f_code.co_name, frame.f_code.co_filename, frame.f_lineno))
-                vars = list(frame.f_locals.items())
-                vars.sort()
-                for k, v in vars:
-                    try:
-                        v = repr(v)[:80]
-                    except:
-                        v = "<Unable to convert to string>"
-                    self.write(self.stderr, "%10s = %s\n" % (k, v))
-            self.write(self.stderr, "\n%s: %s\n" % (eclass, repr(eval)))
-
-        self.write(self.stderr, self.colour.error_)
-
-        eval._handle_exception_saw_this = True
-        if self.bail:
-            raise
-
-    def process_sql(self, sql, bindings=None, internal=False, summary=None):
-        """Processes SQL text consisting of one or more statements
-
-        :param sql: SQL to execute
-
-        :param bindings: bindings for the *sql*
-
-        :param internal: If True then this is an internal execution
-          (eg the .tables or .database command).  When executing
-          internal sql timings are not shown nor is the SQL echoed.
-
-        :param summary: If not None then should be a tuple of two
-          items.  If the ``sql`` returns any data then the first item
-          is printed before the first row, and the second item is
-          printed after the last row.  An example usage is the .find
-          command which shows table names.
-        """
-        cur = self.db.cursor()
-        # we need to know when each new statement is executed
-        state = {'newsql': True, 'timing': None}
-
-        def et(cur, sql, bindings):
-            state['newsql'] = True
-            # if time reporting, do so now
-            if not internal and self.timer:
-                if state['timing']:
-                    self.display_timing(state['timing'], self.get_resource_usage())
-            # print statement if echo is on
-            if not internal and self.echo:
-                # ? should we strip leading and trailing whitespace? backslash quote stuff?
-                if bindings:
-                    self.write(self.stderr, "%s [%s]\n" % (sql, bindings))
-                else:
-                    self.write(self.stderr, sql + "\n")
-            # save resource from beginning of command (ie don't include echo time above)
-            if not internal and self.timer:
-                state['timing'] = self.get_resource_usage()
-            return True
-
-        cur.setexectrace(et)
-        # processing loop
-        try:
-            for row in cur.execute(sql, bindings):
-                if state['newsql']:
-                    # summary line?
-                    if summary:
-                        self._output_summary(summary[0])
-                    # output a header always
-                    cols = [h for h, d in cur.getdescription()]
-                    self.output(True, cols)
-                    state['newsql'] = False
-                self.output(False, row)
-            if not state['newsql'] and summary:
-                self._output_summary(summary[1])
-        except:
-            # If echo is on and the sql to execute is a syntax error
-            # then the exec tracer won't have seen it so it won't be
-            # printed and the user will be wondering exactly what sql
-            # had the error.  We look in the traceback and deduce if
-            # the error was happening in a prepare or not.
-            if not internal and self.echo:
-                tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
-                last = None
-                while tb:
-                    last = tb.tb_frame
-                    tb = tb.tb_next
-            raise
-
-        if not internal and self.timer:
-            self.display_timing(state['timing'], self.get_resource_usage())
-
-    def process_command(self, cmd):
-        """Processes a dot command.  It is split into parts using the
-        `shlex.split
-        <http://docs.python.org/library/shlex.html#shlex.split>`__
-        function which is roughly the same method used by Unix/POSIX
-        shells.
-        """
-        if self.echo:
-            self.write(self.stderr, cmd + "\n")
-        cmd = shlex.split(cmd)
-        assert cmd[0][0] == "."
-        cmd[0] = cmd[0][1:]
-        fn = getattr(self, "command_" + cmd[0], None)
-        if not fn:
-            raise self.Error("Unknown command \"%s\".  Enter \".help\" for help" % (cmd[0], ))
-        res = fn(cmd[1:])
-
-    ###
-    ### Commands start here
-    ###
-
-    def _boolean_command(self, name, cmd):
-        "Parse and verify boolean parameter"
-        if len(cmd) != 1 or cmd[0].lower() not in ("on", "off"):
-            raise self.Error(name + " expected ON or OFF")
-        return cmd[0].lower() == "on"
-
-    # Note that doc text is used for generating help output.
-
-    def command_backup(self, cmd):
-        """backup ?DB? FILE: Backup DB (default "main") to FILE
-
-        Copies the contents of the current database to FILE
-        overwriting whatever was in FILE.  If you have attached databases
-        then you can specify their name instead of the default of "main".
-
-        The backup is done at the page level - SQLite copies the pages
-        as is.  There is no round trip through SQL code.
-        """
-        dbname = "main"
-        if len(cmd) == 1:
-            fname = cmd[0]
-        elif len(cmd) == 2:
-            dbname = cmd[0]
-            fname = cmd[1]
-        else:
-            raise self.Error("Backup takes one or two parameters")
-        out = apsw.Connection(fname)
-        b = out.backup("main", self.db, dbname)
-        try:
-            while not b.done:
-                b.step()
-        finally:
-            b.finish()
-            out.close()
-
-    def command_bail(self, cmd):
-        """bail ON|OFF: Stop after hitting an error (default OFF)
-
-        If an error is encountered while processing commands or SQL
-        then exit.  (Note this is different than SQLite shell which
-        only exits for errors in SQL.)
-        """
-        self.bail = self._boolean_command("bail", cmd)
-
-    def command_colour(self, cmd=[]):
-        """colour SCHEME: Selects a colour scheme
-
-        Residents of both countries that have not adopted the metric
-        system may also spell this command without a 'u'.  If using a
-        colour terminal in interactive mode then output is
-        automatically coloured to make it more readable.  Use 'off' to
-        turn off colour, and no name or 'default' for the default.
-        """
-        if len(cmd) > 1:
-            raise self.Error("Too many colour schemes")
-        c = cmd and cmd[0] or "default"
-        if c not in self._colours:
-            raise self.Error("No such colour scheme: " + c)
-        self.colour_scheme = c
-        self._out_colour()
-
-    command_color = command_colour
-
-    def command_databases(self, cmd):
-        """databases: Lists names and files of attached databases
-
-        """
-        if len(cmd):
-            raise self.Error("databases command doesn't take any parameters")
-        self.push_output()
-        self.header = True
-        self.output = self.output_column
-        self.truncate = False
-        self.widths = [3, 15, 58]
-        try:
-            self.process_sql("pragma database_list", internal=True)
-        finally:
-            self.pop_output()
-
-    def command_dump(self, cmd):
-        """dump ?TABLE? [TABLE...]: Dumps all or specified tables in SQL text format
-
-        The table name is treated as like pattern so you can use % as
-        a wildcard.  You can use dump to make a text based backup of
-        the database.  It is also useful for comparing differences or
-        making the data available to other databases.  Indices and
-        triggers for the table(s) are also dumped.  Finally views
-        matching the table pattern name are dumped (it isn't possible
-        to work out which views access which table and views can
-        access multiple tables anyway).
-
-        Note that if you are dumping virtual tables such as used by
-        the FTS3 module then they may use other tables to store
-        information.  For example if you create a FTS3 table named
-        *recipes* then it also creates *recipes_content*,
-        *recipes_segdir* etc.  Consequently to dump this example
-        correctly use::
-
-           .dump recipes recipes_%
-
-        If the database is empty or no tables/views match then there
-        is no output.
-        """
-        # Simple tables are easy to dump.  More complicated is dealing
-        # with virtual tables, foreign keys etc.
-
-        # Lock the database while doing the dump so nothing changes
-        # under our feet
-        self.process_sql("BEGIN IMMEDIATE", internal=True)
-
-        # Used in comment() - see issue 142
-        outputstrtype = str
-
-        # Python 2.3 can end up with nonsense like "en_us" so we fall
-        # back to ascii in that case
-        outputstrencoding = getattr(self.stdout, "encoding", "ascii")
-        try:
-            codecs.lookup(outputstrencoding)
-        except:
-            outputstrencoding = "ascii"
-
-        def unicodify(s):
-            if not isinstance(s, outputstrtype):
-                # See issue 142 - it may not be in an expected encoding
-                return s.decode(outputstrencoding, "replace")
-            return s
-
-        try:
-            # first pass -see if virtual tables or foreign keys are in
-            # use.  If they are we emit pragmas to deal with them, but
-            # prefer not to emit them
-            v = {"virtuals": False, "foreigns": False}
-
-            def check(name, sql):
-                if name.lower().startswith("sqlite_"):
-                    return False
-                sql = sql.lower()
-                if re.match(r"^\s*create\s+virtual\s+.*", sql):
-                    v["virtuals"] = True
-                # pragma table_info doesn't tell us if foreign keys
-                # are involved so we guess if any the various strings are
-                # in the sql somewhere
-                if re.match(r".*\b(foreign\s*key|references)\b.*", sql):
-                    v["foreigns"] = True
-                return True
-
-            if len(cmd) == 0:
-                cmd = ["%"]
-
-            tables = []
-            for pattern in cmd:
-                for name, sql in self.db.cursor().execute(
-                        "SELECT name,sql FROM sqlite_master "
-                        "WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type IN ('table','view') "
-                        "AND tbl_name LIKE ?1", (pattern, )):
-                    if check(name, sql) and name not in tables:
-                        tables.append(name)
-
-            if not tables:
-                return
-
-            # will we need to analyze anything later?
-            analyze_needed = []
-            for stat in self.db.cursor().execute(
-                    "select name from sqlite_master where sql not null and type='table' and tbl_name like 'sqlite_stat%'"
-            ):
-                for name in tables:
-                    if len(self.db.cursor().execute(
-                            "select * from " + self._fmt_sql_identifier(stat[0]) + " WHERE tbl=?",
-                        (name, )).fetchall()):
-                        if name not in analyze_needed:
-                            analyze_needed.append(name)
-            analyze_needed.sort()
-
-            def blank():
-                self.write(self.stdout, "\n")
-
-            def comment(s):
-                s = unicodify(s)
-                self.write(self.stdout, textwrap.fill(s, 78, initial_indent="-- ", subsequent_indent="-- ") + "\n")
-
-            pats = ", ".join([(x, "(All)")[x == "%"] for x in cmd])
-            comment("SQLite dump (by APSW %s)" % (apsw.apswversion(), ))
-            comment("SQLite version " + apsw.sqlitelibversion())
-            comment("Date: " + unicodify(time.strftime("%c")))
-            comment("Tables like: " + pats)
-            comment("Database: " + self.db.filename)
-            try:
-                import getpass
-                import socket
-                comment("User: %s @ %s" % (unicodify(getpass.getuser()), unicodify(socket.gethostname())))
-            except ImportError:
-                pass
-            blank()
-
-            comment("The values of various per-database settings")
-            self.write(self.stdout,
-                       "PRAGMA page_size=" + str(self.db.cursor().execute("pragma page_size").fetchall()[0][0]) + ";\n")
-            comment("PRAGMA encoding='" + self.db.cursor().execute("pragma encoding").fetchall()[0][0] + "';\n")
-            vac = {0: "NONE", 1: "FULL", 2: "INCREMENTAL"}
-            vacvalue = self.db.cursor().execute("pragma auto_vacuum").fetchall()[0][0]
-            comment("PRAGMA auto_vacuum=" + vac.get(vacvalue, str(vacvalue)) + ";\n")
-            comment("PRAGMA max_page_count=" + str(self.db.cursor().execute("pragma max_page_count").fetchall()[0][0]) +
-                    ";\n")
-            blank()
-
-            # different python versions have different requirements
-            # about specifying cmp to sort routine so we use this
-            # portable workaround with a decorated list instead
-            dectables = [(x.lower(), x) for x in tables]
-            dectables.sort()
-            tables = [y for x, y in dectables]
-
-            virtuals = v["virtuals"]
-            foreigns = v["foreigns"]
-
-            if virtuals:
-                comment("This pragma is needed to restore virtual tables")
-                self.write(self.stdout, "PRAGMA writable_schema=ON;\n")
-            if foreigns:
-                comment("This pragma turns off checking of foreign keys "
-                        "as tables would be inconsistent while restoring.  It was introduced "
-                        "in SQLite 3.6.19.")
-                self.write(self.stdout, "PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;\n")
-
-            if virtuals or foreigns:
-                blank()
-
-            self.write(self.stdout, "BEGIN TRANSACTION;\n")
-            blank()
-
-            def sqldef(s):
-                # return formatted sql watching out for embedded
-                # comments at the end forcing trailing ; onto next
-                # line https://sqlite.org/src/info/c04a8b8a4f
-                if "--" in s.split("\n")[-1]:
-                    nl = "\n"
-                else:
-                    nl = ""
-                return s + nl + ";\n"
-
-            # do the table dumping loops
-            oldtable = self._output_table
-            try:
-                self.push_output()
-                self.output = self.output_insert
-                # Dump the table
-                for table in tables:
-                    for sql in self.db.cursor().execute("SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE name=?1 AND type='table'",
-                                                        (table, )):
-                        comment("Table  " + table)
-                        # Special treatment for virtual tables - they
-                        # get called back on drops and creates and
-                        # could thwart us so we have to manipulate
-                        # sqlite_master directly
-                        if sql[0].lower().split()[:3] == ["create", "virtual", "table"]:
-                            self.write(
-                                self.stdout, "DELETE FROM sqlite_master WHERE name=" + apsw.format_sql_value(table) +
-                                " AND type='table';\n")
-                            self.write(
-                                self.stdout,
-                                "INSERT INTO sqlite_master(type,name,tbl_name,rootpage,sql) VALUES('table',%s,%s,0,%s);\n"
-                                % (apsw.format_sql_value(table), apsw.format_sql_value(table),
-                                   apsw.format_sql_value(sql[0])))
-                        else:
-                            self.write(self.stdout, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + self._fmt_sql_identifier(table) + ";\n")
-                            self.write(self.stdout, sqldef(sql[0]))
-                            self._output_table = self._fmt_sql_identifier(table)
-                            self.process_sql("select * from " + self._fmt_sql_identifier(table), internal=True)
-                        # Now any indices or triggers
-                        first = True
-                        for name, sql in self.db.cursor().execute(
-                                "SELECT name,sql FROM sqlite_master "
-                                "WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type IN ('index', 'trigger') "
-                                "AND tbl_name=?1 AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' "
-                                "ORDER BY lower(name)", (table, )):
-                            if first:
-                                comment("Triggers and indices on  " + table)
-                                first = False
-                            self.write(self.stdout, sqldef(sql))
-                        blank()
-                # Views done last.  They have to be done in the same order as they are in sqlite_master
-                # as they could refer to each other
-                first = True
-                for name, sql in self.db.cursor().execute("SELECT name,sql FROM sqlite_master "
-                                                          "WHERE sql NOT NULL AND type='view' "
-                                                          "AND name IN ( " +
-                                                          ",".join([apsw.format_sql_value(i)
-                                                                    for i in tables]) + ") ORDER BY _ROWID_"):
-                    if first:
-                        comment("Views")
-                        first = False
-                    self.write(self.stdout, "DROP VIEW IF EXISTS %s;\n" % (self._fmt_sql_identifier(name), ))
-                    self.write(self.stdout, sqldef(sql))
-                if not first:
-                    blank()
-
-                # sqlite sequence
-                # does it exist
-                if len(self.db.cursor().execute("select * from sqlite_master where name='sqlite_sequence'").fetchall()):
-                    first = True
-                    for t in tables:
-                        v = self.db.cursor().execute("select seq from main.sqlite_sequence where name=?1",
-                                                     (t, )).fetchall()
-                        if len(v):
-                            assert len(v) == 1
-                            if first:
-                                comment("For primary key autoincrements the next id "
-                                        "to use is stored in sqlite_sequence")
-                                first = False
-                            self.write(
-                                self.stdout,
-                                'DELETE FROM main.sqlite_sequence WHERE name=%s;\n' % (apsw.format_sql_value(t), ))
-                            self.write(
-                                self.stdout, 'INSERT INTO main.sqlite_sequence VALUES (%s, %s);\n' %
-                                (apsw.format_sql_value(t), v[0][0]))
-                    if not first:
-                        blank()
-            finally:
-                self.pop_output()
-                self._output_table = oldtable
-
-            # analyze
-            if analyze_needed:
-                comment("You had used the analyze command on these tables before.  Rerun for this new data.")
-                for n in analyze_needed:
-                    self.write(self.stdout, "ANALYZE " + self._fmt_sql_identifier(n) + ";\n")
-                blank()
-
-            # user version pragma
-            uv = self.db.cursor().execute("pragma user_version").fetchall()[0][0]
-            if uv:
-                comment(
-                    "Your database may need this.  It is sometimes used to keep track of the schema version (eg Firefox does this)."
-                )
-                self.write(self.stdout, "pragma user_version=%d;" % (uv, ))
-                blank()
-
-            # Save it all
-            self.write(self.stdout, "COMMIT TRANSACTION;\n")
-
-            # cleanup pragmas
-            if foreigns:
-                blank()
-                comment("Restoring foreign key checking back on.  Note that SQLite 3.6.19 is off by default")
-                self.write(self.stdout, "PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;\n")
-            if virtuals:
-                blank()
-                comment("Restoring writable schema back to default")
-                self.write(self.stdout, "PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF;\n")
-                # schema reread
-                blank()
-                comment("We need to force SQLite to reread the schema because otherwise it doesn't know that "
-                        "the virtual tables we inserted directly into sqlite_master exist.  See "
-                        "last comments of https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3425")
-                self.write(self.stdout, "BEGIN;\nCREATE TABLE no_such_table(x,y,z);\nROLLBACK;\n")
-
-        finally:
-            self.process_sql("END", internal=True)
-
-    def command_echo(self, cmd):
-        """echo ON|OFF: If ON then each SQL statement or command is printed before execution (default OFF)
-
-        The SQL statement or command is sent to error output so that
-        it is not intermingled with regular output.
-        """
-        self.echo = self._boolean_command("echo", cmd)
-
-    def set_encoding(self, enc):
-        """Saves *enc* as the default encoding, after verifying that
-        it is valid.  You can also include :error to specify error
-        handling - eg 'cp437:replace'
-
-        Raises an exception on invalid encoding or error
-        """
-        enc = enc.split(":", 1)
-        if len(enc) > 1:
-            enc, errors = enc
-        else:
-            enc = enc[0]
-            errors = None
-        try:
-            codecs.lookup(enc)
-        except LookupError:
-            raise self.Error("No known encoding '%s'" % (enc, ))
-        try:
-            if errors is not None:
-                codecs.lookup_error(errors)
-        except LookupError:
-            raise self.Error("No known codec error handler '%s'" % (errors, ))
-        self.encoding = enc, errors
-
-    def command_encoding(self, cmd):
-        """encoding ENCODING: Set the encoding used for new files opened via .output and imports
-
-        SQLite and APSW work internally using Unicode and characters.
-        Files however are a sequence of bytes.  An encoding describes
-        how to convert between bytes and characters.  The default
-        encoding is utf8 and that is generally the best value to use
-        when other programs give you a choice.
-
-        You can also specify an error handler.  For example
-        'cp437:replace' will use code page 437 and any Unicode
-        codepoints not present in cp437 will be replaced (typically
-        with something like a question mark).  Other error handlers
-        include 'ignore', 'strict' (default) and 'xmlcharrefreplace'.
-
-        For the default input/output/error streams on startup the
-        shell defers to Python's detection of encoding.  For example
-        on Windows it asks what code page is in use and on Unix it
-        looks at the LC_CTYPE environment variable.  You can set the
-        PYTHONIOENCODING environment variable to override this
-        detection.
-
-        This command affects files opened after setting the encoding
-        as well as imports.
-
-        See the online APSW documentation for more details.
-        """
-        if len(cmd) != 1:
-            raise self.Error("Encoding takes one argument")
-        self.set_encoding(cmd[0])
-
-    def command_exceptions(self, cmd):
-        """exceptions ON|OFF: If ON then detailed tracebacks are shown on exceptions (default OFF)
-
-        Normally when an exception occurs the error string only is
-        displayed.  However it is sometimes useful to get a full
-        traceback.  An example would be when you are developing
-        virtual tables and using the shell to exercise them.  In
-        addition to displaying each stack frame, the local variables
-        within each frame are also displayed.
-        """
-        self.exceptions = self._boolean_command("exceptions", cmd)
-
-    def command_exit(self, cmd):
-        """exit:Exit this program"""
-        if len(cmd):
-            raise self.Error("Exit doesn't take any parameters")
-        sys.exit(0)
-
-    def command_quit(self, cmd):
-        """quit:Exit this program"""
-        if len(cmd):
-            raise self.Error("Quit doesn't take any parameters")
-        sys.exit(0)
-
-    def command_explain(self, cmd):
-        """explain ON|OFF: Set output mode suitable for explain (default OFF)
-
-        Explain shows the underlying SQLite virtual machine code for a
-        statement.  You need to prefix the SQL with explain.  For example:
-
-           explain select * from table;
-
-        This output mode formats the explain output nicely.  If you do
-        '.explain OFF' then the output mode and settings in place when
-        you did '.explain ON' are restored.
-        """
-        if len(cmd) == 0 or self._boolean_command("explain", cmd):
-            self.push_output()
-            self.header = True
-            self.widths = [4, 13, 4, 4, 4, 13, 2, 13]
-            self.truncate = False
-            self.output = self.output_column
-        else:
-            self.pop_output()
-
-    def command_find(self, cmd):
-        """find what ?TABLE?: Searches all columns of all tables for a value
-
-        The find command helps you locate data across your database
-        for example to find a string or any references to an id.
-
-        You can specify a like pattern to limit the search to a subset
-        of tables (eg specifying 'CUSTOMER%' for all tables beginning
-        with CUSTOMER).
-
-        The what value will be treated as a string and/or integer if
-        possible.  If what contains % or _ then it is also treated as
-        a like pattern.
-
-        This command will take a long time to execute needing to read
-        all of the relevant tables.
-        """
-        if len(cmd) < 1 or len(cmd) > 2:
-            raise self.Error("At least one argument required and at most two accepted")
-        tablefilter = "%"
-        if len(cmd) == 2:
-            tablefilter = cmd[1]
-        querytemplate = []
-        queryparams = []
-
-        def qp():  # binding for current queryparams
-            return "?" + str(len(queryparams))
-
-        s = cmd[0]
-        if '%' in s or '_' in s:
-            queryparams.append(s)
-            querytemplate.append("%s LIKE " + qp())
-        queryparams.append(s)
-        querytemplate.append("%s = " + qp())
-        try:
-            i = int(s)
-            queryparams.append(i)
-            querytemplate.append("%s = " + qp())
-        except ValueError:
-            pass
-        querytemplate = " OR ".join(querytemplate)
-        for (table, ) in self.db.cursor().execute("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name LIKE ?1",
-                                                  (tablefilter, )):
-            t = self._fmt_sql_identifier(table)
-            query = "SELECT * from %s WHERE " % (t, )
-            colq = []
-            for _, column, _, _, _, _ in self.db.cursor().execute("pragma table_info(%s)" % (t, )):
-                colq.append(querytemplate % ((self._fmt_sql_identifier(column), ) * len(queryparams)))
-            query = query + " OR ".join(colq)
-            self.process_sql(query, queryparams, internal=True, summary=("Table " + table + "\n", "\n"))
-
-    def command_header(self, cmd):
-        """header(s) ON|OFF: Display the column names in output (default OFF)
-
-        """
-        self.header = self._boolean_command("header", cmd)
-
-    command_headers = command_header
-
-    _help_info = None
-
-    def command_help(self, cmd):
-        """help ?COMMAND?: Shows list of commands and their usage.  If COMMAND is specified then shows detail about that COMMAND.  ('.help all' will show detailed help about all commands.)
-        """
-        if not self._help_info:
-            # buildup help database
-            self._help_info = {}
-            for c in dir(self):
-                if not c.startswith("command_"):
-                    continue
-                # help is 3 parts
-                # - the syntax string (eg backup ?dbname? filename)
-                # - the one liner description (eg saves database to filename)
-                # - the multi-liner detailed description
-                # We grab this from the doc string for the function in the form
-                #   syntax: one liner\nmulti\nliner
-                d = getattr(self, c).__doc__
-                assert d, c + " command must have documentation"
-                c = c[len("command_"):]
-                if c in ("headers", "color"): continue
-                while d[0] == "\n":
-                    d = d[1:]
-                parts = d.split("\n", 1)
-                firstline = parts[0].strip().split(":", 1)
-                assert len(firstline) == 2, c + " command must have usage: description doc"
-                if len(parts) == 1 or len(parts[1].strip()) == 0:  # work around textwrap bug
-                    multi = ""
-                else:
-                    multi = textwrap.dedent(parts[1])
-                if c == "mode":
-                    if not self._output_modes:
-                        self._cache_output_modes()
-                    firstline[1] = firstline[1] + " " + " ".join(self._output_modes)
-                    multi = multi + "\n\n" + "\n\n".join(self._output_modes_detail)
-                if c == "colour":
-                    colours = list(self._colours.keys())
-                    colours.sort()
-                    firstline[1] = firstline[1] + " from " + ", ".join(colours)
-                if len(multi.strip()) == 0:  # All whitespace
-                    multi = None
-                else:
-                    multi = multi.strip("\n")
-                    # we need to keep \n\n as a newline but turn all others into spaces
-                    multi = multi.replace("\n\n", "\x00")
-                    multi = multi.replace("\n", " ")
-                    multi = multi.replace("\x00", "\n\n")
-                    multi = multi.split("\n\n")
-                self._help_info[c] = ('.' + firstline[0].strip(), firstline[1].strip(), multi)
-
-        self.write(self.stderr, "\n")
-
-        tw = self._terminal_width()
-        if tw < 32:
-            tw = 32
-        if len(cmd) == 0:
-            commands = list(self._help_info.keys())
-            commands.sort()
-            w = 0
-            for command in commands:
-                if len(self._help_info[command][0]) > w:
-                    w = len(self._help_info[command][0])
-            out = []
-            for command in commands:
-                hi = self._help_info[command]
-                # usage string
-                out.append(hi[0])
-                # space padding (including 2 for between columns)
-                out.append(" " * (2 + w - len(hi[0])))
-                # usage message wrapped if need be
-                out.append(("\n" + " " * (2 + w)).join(textwrap.wrap(hi[1], tw - w - 2)))
-                # newline
-                out.append("\n")
-            self.write(self.stderr, "".join(out))
-        else:
-            if cmd[0] == "all":
-                cmd = list(self._help_info.keys())
-                cmd.sort()
-            w = 0
-            for command in self._help_info:
-                if len(self._help_info[command][0]) > w:
-                    w = len(self._help_info[command][0])
-
-            for command in cmd:
-                if command == "headers": command = "header"
-                if command not in self._help_info:
-                    raise self.Error("No such command \"%s\"" % (command, ))
-                out = []
-                hi = self._help_info[command]
-                # usage string
-                out.append(hi[0])
-                # space padding (2)
-                out.append(" " * (2 + w - len(hi[0])))
-                # usage message wrapped if need be
-                out.append(("\n" + " " * (2 + w)).join(textwrap.wrap(hi[1], tw - w - 2)) + "\n")
-                if hi[2]:
-                    # newlines
-                    out.append("\n")
-                    # detailed message
-                    for i, para in enumerate(hi[2]):
-                        out.append(textwrap.fill(para, tw) + "\n")
-                        if i < len(hi[2]) - 1:
-                            out.append("\n")
-                # if not first one then print separator header
-                if command != cmd[0]:
-                    self.write(self.stderr, "\n" + "=" * tw + "\n")
-                self.write(self.stderr, "".join(out))
-        self.write(self.stderr, "\n")
-
-    def command_import(self, cmd):
-        """import FILE TABLE: Imports separated data from FILE into TABLE
-
-        Reads data from the file into the named table using the
-        current separator and encoding.  For example if the separator
-        is currently a comma then the file should be CSV (comma
-        separated values).
-
-        All values read in are supplied to SQLite as strings.  If you
-        want SQLite to treat them as other types then declare your
-        columns appropriately.  For example declaring a column 'REAL'
-        will result in the values being stored as floating point if
-        they can be safely converted.  See this page for more details:
-
-          https://sqlite.org/datatype3.html
-
-        Another alternative is to create a temporary table, insert the
-        values into that and then use casting.
-
-          CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE import(a,b,c);
-
-          .import filename import
-
-          CREATE TABLE final AS SELECT cast(a as BLOB), cast(b as INTEGER), cast(c as CHAR) from import;
-
-          DROP TABLE import;
-
-        You can also get more sophisticated using the SQL CASE
-        operator.  For example this will turn zero length strings into
-        null:
-
-          SELECT CASE col WHEN '' THEN null ELSE col END FROM ...
-        """
-        if len(cmd) != 2:
-            raise self.Error("import takes two parameters")
-
-        try:
-            final = None
-            # start transaction so database can't be changed
-            # underneath us
-            self.db.cursor().execute("BEGIN IMMEDIATE")
-            final = "ROLLBACK"
-
-            # how many columns?
-            ncols = len(self.db.cursor().execute("pragma table_info(" + self._fmt_sql_identifier(cmd[1]) +
-                                                 ")").fetchall())
-            if ncols < 1:
-                raise self.Error("No such table '%s'" % (cmd[1], ))
-
-            cur = self.db.cursor()
-            sql = "insert into %s values(%s)" % (self._fmt_sql_identifier(cmd[1]), ",".join("?" * ncols))
-
-            kwargs = {}
-            if self.separator == ",":
-                kwargs["dialect"] = "excel"
-            elif self.separator == "\t":
-                kwargs["dialect"] = "excel-tab"
-            else:
-                kwargs["quoting"] = csv.QUOTE_NONE
-                kwargs["delimiter"] = self.separator
-                kwargs["doublequote"] = False
-                kwargs["quotechar"] = "\x00"
-            row = 1
-            for line in self._csvin_wrapper(cmd[0], kwargs):
-                if len(line) != ncols:
-                    raise self.Error("row %d has %d columns but should have %d" % (row, len(line), ncols))
-                try:
-                    cur.execute(sql, line)
-                except:
-                    self.write(self.stderr, "Error inserting row %d" % (row, ))
-                    raise
-                row += 1
-            self.db.cursor().execute("COMMIT")
-
-        except:
-            if final:
-                self.db.cursor().execute(final)
-            raise
-
-    def _csvin_wrapper(self, filename, dialect):
-        # Returns a csv reader that works around python bugs and uses
-        # dialect dict to configure reader
-        thefile = codecs.open(filename, "r", self.encoding[0])
-        for line in csv.reader(thefile, **dialect.copy()):
-            yield line
-        thefile.close()
-        return
-
-    def command_autoimport(self, cmd):
-        """autoimport FILENAME ?TABLE?: Imports filename creating a table and automatically working out separators and data types (alternative to .import command)
-
-        The import command requires that you precisely pre-setup the
-        table and schema, and set the data separators (eg commas or
-        tabs).  In many cases this information can be automatically
-        deduced from the file contents which is what this command
-        does.  There must be at least two columns and two rows.
-
-        If the table is not specified then the basename of the file
-        will be used.
-
-        Additionally the type of the contents of each column is also
-        deduced - for example if it is a number or date.  Empty values
-        are turned into nulls.  Dates are normalized into YYYY-MM-DD
-        format and DateTime are normalized into ISO8601 format to
-        allow easy sorting and searching.  4 digit years must be used
-        to detect dates.  US (swapped day and month) versus rest of
-        the world is also detected providing there is at least one
-        value that resolves the ambiguity.
-
-        Care is taken to ensure that columns looking like numbers are
-        only treated as numbers if they do not have unnecessary
-        leading zeroes or plus signs.  This is to avoid treating phone
-        numbers and similar number like strings as integers.
-
-        This command can take quite some time on large files as they
-        are effectively imported twice.  The first time is to
-        determine the format and the types for each column while the
-        second pass actually imports the data.
-        """
-        if len(cmd) < 1 or len(cmd) > 2:
-            raise self.Error("Expected one or two parameters")
-        if not os.path.exists(cmd[0]):
-            raise self.Error("File \"%s\" does not exist" % (cmd[0], ))
-        if len(cmd) == 2:
-            tablename = cmd[1]
-        else:
-            tablename = None
-        try:
-            final = None
-            c = self.db.cursor()
-            c.execute("BEGIN IMMEDIATE")
-            final = "ROLLBACK"
-
-            if not tablename:
-                tablename = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(cmd[0]))[0]
-
-            if c.execute("pragma table_info(%s)" % (self._fmt_sql_identifier(tablename), )).fetchall():
-                raise self.Error("Table \"%s\" already exists" % (tablename, ))
-
-            # The types we support deducing
-            def DateUS(v):  # US formatted date with wrong ordering of day and month
-                return DateWorld(v, switchdm=True)
-
-            def DateWorld(v, switchdm=False):  # Sensibly formatted date as used anywhere else in the world
-                y, m, d = self._getdate(v)
-                if switchdm: m, d = d, m
-                if m < 1 or m > 12 or d < 1 or d > 31:
-                    raise ValueError
-                return "%d-%02d-%02d" % (y, m, d)
-
-            def DateTimeUS(v):  # US date and time
-                return DateTimeWorld(v, switchdm=True)
-
-            def DateTimeWorld(v, switchdm=False):  # Sensible date and time
-                y, m, d, h, M, s = self._getdatetime(v)
-                if switchdm: m, d = d, m
-                if m < 1 or m > 12 or d < 1 or d > 31 or h < 0 or h > 23 or M < 0 or M > 59 or s < 0 or s > 65:
-                    raise ValueError
-                return "%d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d" % (y, m, d, h, M, s)
-
-            def Number(v):  # we really don't want phone numbers etc to match
-                # Python's float & int constructors allow whitespace which we don't
-                if re.search(r"\s", v):
-                    raise ValueError
-                if v == "0": return 0
-                if v[0] == "+":  # idd prefix
-                    raise ValueError
-                if re.match("^[0-9]+$", v):
-                    if v[0] == "0": raise ValueError  # also a phone number
-                    return int(v)
-                if v[0] == "0" and not v.startswith("0."):  # deceptive not a number
-                    raise ValueError
-                return float(v)
-
-            # Work out the file format
-            formats = [{"dialect": "excel"}, {"dialect": "excel-tab"}]
-            seps = ["|", ";", ":"]
-            if self.separator not in seps:
-                seps.append(self.separator)
-            for sep in seps:
-                formats.append({"quoting": csv.QUOTE_NONE, "delimiter": sep, "doublequote": False, "quotechar": "\x00"})
-            possibles = []
-            errors = []
-            encodingissue = False
-            # format is copy() on every use.  This appears bizarre and
-            # unnecessary.  However Python 2.3 and 2.4 somehow manage
-            # to empty it if not copied.
-            for format in formats:
-                ncols = -1
-                lines = 0
-                try:
-                    for line in self._csvin_wrapper(cmd[0], format.copy()):
-                        if lines == 0:
-                            lines = 1
-                            ncols = len(line)
-                            # data type guess setup
-                            datas = []
-                            for i in range(ncols):
-                                datas.append([DateUS, DateWorld, DateTimeUS, DateTimeWorld, Number])
-                            allblanks = [True] * ncols
-                            continue
-                        if len(line) != ncols:
-                            raise ValueError("Expected %d columns - got %d" % (ncols, len(line)))
-                        lines += 1
-                        for i in range(ncols):
-                            if not line[i]:
-                                continue
-                            allblanks[i] = False
-                            if not datas[i]:
-                                continue
-                            # remove datas that give ValueError
-                            d = []
-                            for dd in datas[i]:
-                                try:
-                                    dd(line[i])
-                                    d.append(dd)
-                                except ValueError:
-                                    pass
-                            datas[i] = d
-                    if ncols > 1 and lines > 1:
-                        # if a particular column was allblank then clear datas for it
-                        for i in range(ncols):
-                            if allblanks[i]:
-                                datas[i] = []
-                        possibles.append((format.copy(), ncols, lines, datas))
-                except UnicodeDecodeError:
-                    encodingissue = True
-                except:
-                    s = str(sys.exc_info()[1])
-                    if s not in errors:
-                        errors.append(s)
-
-            if len(possibles) == 0:
-                if encodingissue:
-                    raise self.Error(
-                        "The file is probably not in the current encoding \"%s\" and didn't match a known file format" %
-                        (self.encoding[0], ))
-                v = "File doesn't appear to match a known type."
-                if len(errors):
-                    v += "  Errors reported:\n" + "\n".join(["  " + e for e in errors])
-                raise self.Error(v)
-            if len(possibles) > 1:
-                raise self.Error("File matches more than one type!")
-            format, ncols, lines, datas = possibles[0]
-            fmt = format.get("dialect", None)
-            if fmt is None:
-                fmt = "(delimited by \"%s\")" % (format["delimiter"], )
-            self.write(self.stdout, "Detected Format %s  Columns %d  Rows %d\n" % (fmt, ncols, lines))
-            # Header row
-            reader = self._csvin_wrapper(cmd[0], format)
-            for header in reader:
-                break
-            # Check schema
-            identity = lambda x: x
-            for i in range(ncols):
-                if len(datas[i]) > 1:
-                    raise self.Error("Column #%d \"%s\" has ambiguous data format - %s" %
-                                     (i + 1, header[i], ", ".join([d.__name__ for d in datas[i]])))
-                if datas[i]:
-                    datas[i] = datas[i][0]
-                else:
-                    datas[i] = identity
-            # Make the table
-            sql = "CREATE TABLE %s(%s)" % (self._fmt_sql_identifier(tablename), ", ".join(
-                [self._fmt_sql_identifier(h) for h in header]))
-            c.execute(sql)
-            # prep work for each row
-            sql = "INSERT INTO %s VALUES(%s)" % (self._fmt_sql_identifier(tablename), ",".join(["?"] * ncols))
-            for line in reader:
-                vals = []
-                for i in range(ncols):
-                    l = line[i]
-                    if not l:
-                        vals.append(None)
-                    else:
-                        vals.append(datas[i](l))
-                c.execute(sql, vals)
-
-            c.execute("COMMIT")
-            self.write(self.stdout, "Auto-import into table \"%s\" complete\n" % (tablename, ))
-        except:
-            if final:
-                self.db.cursor().execute(final)
-            raise
-
-    def _getdate(self, v):
-        # Returns a tuple of 3 items y,m,d from string v
-        m = re.match(r"^([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)$", v)
-        if not m:
-            raise ValueError
-        y, m, d = int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2)), int(m.group(3))
-        if d > 1000:  # swap order
-            y, m, d = d, m, y
-        if y < 1000 or y > 9999:
-            raise ValueError
-        return y, m, d
-
-    def _getdatetime(self, v):
-        # must be at least HH:MM
-        m = re.match(r"^([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)[^0-9]+([0-9]+)[^0-9]([0-9]+)([^0-9]([0-9]+))?$", v)
-        if not m:
-            raise ValueError
-        items = list(m.group(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7))
-        for i in range(len(items)):
-            if items[i] is None:
-                items[i] = 0
-        items = [int(i) for i in items]
-        if items[2] > 1000:
-            items = [items[2], items[1], items[0]] + items[3:]
-        if items[0] < 1000 or items[0] > 9999:
-            raise ValueError
-        return items
-
-    def command_indices(self, cmd):
-        """indices TABLE: Lists all indices on table TABLE
-
-        """
-        if len(cmd) != 1:
-            raise self.Error("indices takes one table name")
-        self.push_output()
-        self.header = False
-        self.output = self.output_list
-        try:
-            self.process_sql(
-                "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='index' AND tbl_name LIKE ?1 "
-                "UNION ALL SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master WHERE type='index' AND tbl_name LIKE "
-                "?1 ORDER by name",
-                cmd,
-                internal=True)
-        finally:
-            self.pop_output()
-
-    def command_load(self, cmd):
-        """load FILE ?ENTRY?: Loads a SQLite extension library
-
-        Note: Extension loading may not be enabled in the SQLite
-        library version you are using.
-
-        Extensions are an easy way to add new functions and
-        functionality.  For a useful extension look at the bottom of
-        https://sqlite.org/contrib
-
-        By default sqlite3_extension_init is called in the library but
-        you can specify an alternate entry point.
-
-        If you get an error about the extension not being found you
-        may need to explicitly specify the directory.  For example if
-        it is in the current directory then use:
-
-          .load ./extension.so
-        """
-        if len(cmd) < 1 or len(cmd) > 2:
-            raise self.Error("load takes one or two parameters")
-        try:
-            self.db.enableloadextension(True)
-        except:
-            raise self.Error("Extension loading is not supported")
-
-        self.db.loadextension(*cmd)
-
-    _output_modes = None
-
-    def command_mode(self, cmd):
-        """mode MODE ?TABLE?: Sets output mode to one of"""
-        if len(cmd) in (1, 2):
-            w = cmd[0]
-            if w == "tabs":
-                w = "list"
-            m = getattr(self, "output_" + w, None)
-            if w != "insert":
-                if len(cmd) == 2:
-                    raise self.Error("Output mode %s doesn't take parameters" % (cmd[0]))
-            if m:
-                self.output = m
-                # set some defaults
-                self.truncate = True
-                if cmd[0] == "csv":
-                    self.separator = ","
-                elif cmd[0] == "tabs":
-                    self.separator = "\t"
-                else:
-                    pass
-                    #self.separator=self._output_stack[0]["separator"]
-                if w == "insert":
-                    if len(cmd) == 2:
-                        self._output_table = cmd[1]
-                    else:
-                        self._output_table = "table"
-                    self._output_table = self._fmt_sql_identifier(self._output_table)
-                return
-        if not self._output_modes:
-            self._cache_output_modes()
-        raise self.Error("Expected a valid output mode: " + ", ".join(self._output_modes))
-
-    # needed so command completion and help can use it
-    def _cache_output_modes(self):
-        modes = [m[len("output_"):] for m in dir(self) if m.startswith("output_")]
-        modes.append("tabs")
-        modes.sort()
-        self._output_modes = modes
-
-        detail = []
-
-        for m in modes:
-            if m == 'tabs': continue
-            d = getattr(self, "output_" + m).__doc__
-            assert d, "output mode " + m + " needs doc"
-            d = d.replace("\n", " ").strip()
-            while "  " in d:
-                d = d.replace("  ", " ")
-            detail.append(m + ": " + d)
-        self._output_modes_detail = detail
-
-    def command_nullvalue(self, cmd):
-        """nullvalue STRING: Print STRING in place of null values
-
-        This affects textual output modes like column and list and
-        sets how SQL null values are shown.  The default is a zero
-        length string.  Insert mode and dumps are not affected by this
-        setting.  You can use double quotes to supply a zero length
-        string.  For example:
-
-          .nullvalue ""         # the default
-          .nullvalue <NULL>     # rather obvious
-          .nullvalue " \\t "     # A tab surrounded by spaces
-        """
-        if len(cmd) != 1:
-            raise self.Error("nullvalue takes exactly one parameter")
-        self.nullvalue = self.fixup_backslashes(cmd[0])
-
-    def command_open(self, cmd):
-        """open ?OPTIONS? ?FILE?: Closes existing database and opens a different one
-
-        Options are: --new which deletes the file if it already exists
-
-        If FILE is omitted then a memory database is opened
-        """
-        new = False
-        dbname = None
-        c = cmd
-        while c:
-            p = c.pop(0)
-            if p.startswith("--"):
-                if p == "--new":
-                    new = True
-                    continue
-                raise self.Error("Unknown open param: " + p)
-            if dbname:
-                raise self.Error("Too many arguments: " + p)
-            dbname = p
-
-        if new and dbname:
-            # close it first in case re-opening existing.  windows doesn't
-            # allow deleting open files, tag alongs cause problems etc
-            # hence retry and sleeps
-            self.db = (None, None)
-            for suffix in "", "-journal", "-wal", "-shm":
-                fn = dbname + suffix
-                for retry in range(1, 5):
-                    try:
-                        os.remove(fn)
-                        break
-                    except OSError:
-                        if not os.path.isfile(fn):
-                            break
-                        # under windows tag alongs can delay being able to
-                        # delete after we have closed the file
-                        import gc
-                        gc.collect(2)
-                        time.sleep(.05 * retry)
-                else:
-                    os.rename(fn, fn + "-DELETEME")
-
-        self.db = (None, dbname)
-
-    def command_output(self, cmd):
-        """output FILENAME: Send output to FILENAME (or stdout)
-
-        If the FILENAME is stdout then output is sent to standard
-        output from when the shell was started.  The file is opened
-        using the current encoding (change with .encoding command).
-        """
-        # Flush everything
-        self.stdout.flush()
-        self.stderr.flush()
-        if hasattr(self.stdin, "flush"):
-            try:
-                self.stdin.flush()
-            except IOError:  # see issue 117
-                pass
-
-        # we will also close stdout but only do so once we have a
-        # replacement so that stdout is always valid
-
-        if len(cmd) != 1:
-            raise self.Error("You must specify a filename")
-
-        try:
-            fname = cmd[0]
-            if fname == "stdout":
-                old = None
-                if self.stdout != self._original_stdout:
-                    old = self.stdout
-                self.stdout = self._original_stdout
-                if old is not None:  # done here in case close raises exception
-                    old.close()
-                return
-
-            newf = codecs.open(fname, "w", self.encoding[0], self.encoding[1])
-            old = None
-            if self.stdout != self._original_stdout:
-                old = self.stdout
-            self.stdout = newf
-            if old is not None:
-                old.close()
-        finally:
-            self._out_colour()
-
-    def command_print(self, cmd):
-        """print STRING: print the literal STRING
-
-        If more than one argument is supplied then they are printed
-        space separated.  You can use backslash escapes such as \\n
-        and \\t.
-        """
-        self.write(self.stdout, " ".join([self.fixup_backslashes(i) for i in cmd]) + "\n")
-
-    def command_prompt(self, cmd):
-        """prompt MAIN ?CONTINUE?: Changes the prompts for first line and continuation lines
-
-        The default is to print 'sqlite> ' for the main prompt where
-        you can enter a dot command or a SQL statement.  If the SQL
-        statement is complete (eg not ; terminated) then you are
-        prompted for more using the continuation prompt which defaults
-        to ' ..> '.  Example:
-
-          .prompt "Yes, Master> " "More, Master> "
-
-        You can use backslash escapes such as \\n and \\t.
-        """
-        if len(cmd) < 1 or len(cmd) > 2:
-            raise self.Error("prompt takes one or two arguments")
-        self.prompt = self.fixup_backslashes(cmd[0])
-        if len(cmd) == 2:
-            self.moreprompt = self.fixup_backslashes(cmd[1])
-
-    def command_read(self, cmd):
-        """read FILENAME: Processes SQL and commands in FILENAME (or Python if FILENAME ends with .py)
-
-        Treats the specified file as input (a mixture or SQL and/or
-        dot commands).  If the filename ends in .py then it is treated
-        as Python code instead.
-
-        For Python code the symbol 'shell' refers to the instance of
-        the shell and 'apsw' is the apsw module.
-        """
-        if len(cmd) != 1:
-            raise self.Error("read takes a single filename")
-        if cmd[0].lower().endswith(".py"):
-            g = {}
-            g.update({'apsw': apsw, 'shell': self})
-            # compile step is needed to associate name with code
-            f = open(cmd[0], "rb")
-            try:
-                exec(compile(f.read(), cmd[0], 'exec'), g, g)
-            finally:
-                f.close()
-        else:
-            f = codecs.open(cmd[0], "r", self.encoding[0])
-            try:
-                try:
-                    self.push_input()
-                    self.stdin = f
-                    self.interactive = False
-                    self.input_line_number = 0
-                    while True:
-                        line = self.getcompleteline()
-                        if line is None:
-                            break
-                        self.process_complete_line(line)
-                except:
-                    eval = sys.exc_info()[1]
-                    if not isinstance(eval, SystemExit):
-                        self._append_input_description()
-                    raise
-
-            finally:
-                self.pop_input()
-                f.close()
-
-    def command_restore(self, cmd):
-        """restore ?DB? FILE: Restore database from FILE into DB (default "main")
-
-        Copies the contents of FILE to the current database (default "main").
-        The backup is done at the page level - SQLite copies the pages as
-        is.  There is no round trip through SQL code.
-        """
-        dbname = "main"
-        if len(cmd) == 1:
-            fname = cmd[0]
-        elif len(cmd) == 2:
-            dbname = cmd[0]
-            fname = cmd[1]
-        else:
-            raise self.Error("Restore takes one or two parameters")
-        input = apsw.Connection(fname)
-        b = self.db.backup(dbname, input, "main")
-        try:
-            while not b.done:
-                b.step()
-        finally:
-            b.finish()
-            input.close()
-
-    def command_schema(self, cmd):
-        """schema ?TABLE? [TABLE...]: Shows SQL for table
-
-        If you give one or more tables then their schema is listed
-        (including indices).  If you don't specify any then all
-        schemas are listed. TABLE is a like pattern so you can % for
-        wildcards.
-        """
-        self.push_output()
-        self.output = self.output_list
-        self.header = False
-        try:
-            if len(cmd) == 0:
-                cmd = ['%']
-            for n in cmd:
-                self.process_sql(
-                    "SELECT sql||';' FROM "
-                    "(SELECT sql sql, type type, tbl_name tbl_name, name name "
-                    "FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL "
-                    "SELECT sql, type, tbl_name, name FROM sqlite_temp_master) "
-                    "WHERE tbl_name LIKE ?1 AND type!='meta' AND sql NOTNULL AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' "
-                    "ORDER BY substr(type,2,1), name", (n, ),
-                    internal=True)
-        finally:
-            self.pop_output()
-
-    def command_separator(self, cmd):
-        """separator STRING: Change separator for output mode and .import
-
-        You can use quotes and backslashes.  For example to set the
-        separator to space tab space you can use:
-
-          .separator " \\t "
-
-        The setting is automatically changed when you switch to csv or
-        tabs output mode.  You should also set it before doing an
-        import (ie , for CSV and \\t for TSV).
-        """
-        if len(cmd) != 1:
-            raise self.Error("separator takes exactly one parameter")
-        self.separator = self.fixup_backslashes(cmd[0])
-
-    _shows = ("echo", "explain", "headers", "mode", "nullvalue", "output", "separator", "width", "exceptions",
-              "encoding")
-
-    def command_show(self, cmd):
-        """show: Show the current values for various settings."""
-        if len(cmd) > 1:
-            raise self.Error("show takes at most one parameter")
-        if len(cmd):
-            what = cmd[0]
-            if what not in self._shows:
-                raise self.Error("Unknown show: '%s'" % (what, ))
-        else:
-            what = None
-
-        outs = []
-        for i in self._shows:
-            k = i
-            if what and i != what:
-                continue
-            # boolean settings
-            if i in ("echo", "headers", "exceptions"):
-                if i == "headers": i = "header"
-                v = "off"
-                if getattr(self, i):
-                    v = "on"
-            elif i == "explain":
-                # we cheat by looking at truncate setting!
-                v = "on"
-                if self.truncate:
-                    v = "off"
-            elif i in ("nullvalue", "separator"):
-                v = self._fmt_c_string(getattr(self, i))
-            elif i == "mode":
-                if not self._output_modes:
-                    self._cache_output_modes()
-                for v in self._output_modes:
-                    if self.output == getattr(self, "output_" + v):
-                        break
-                else:
-                    assert False, "Bug: didn't find output mode"
-            elif i == "output":
-                if self.stdout is self._original_stdout:
-                    v = "stdout"
-                else:
-                    v = getattr(self.stdout, "name", "<unknown stdout>")
-            elif i == "width":
-                v = " ".join(["%d" % (i, ) for i in self.widths])
-            elif i == "encoding":
-                v = self.encoding[0]
-                if self.encoding[1]:
-                    v += " (Errors " + self.encoding[1] + ")"
-            else:
-                assert False, "Bug: unknown show handling"
-            outs.append((k, v))
-
-        # find width of k column
-        l = 0
-        for k, v in outs:
-            if len(k) > l:
-                l = len(k)
-
-        for k, v in outs:
-            self.write(self.stderr, "%*.*s: %s\n" % (l, l, k, v))
-
-    def command_tables(self, cmd):
-        """tables ?PATTERN?: Lists names of tables matching LIKE pattern
-
-        This also returns views.
-        """
-        self.push_output()
-        self.output = self.output_list
-        self.header = False
-        try:
-            if len(cmd) == 0:
-                cmd = ['%']
-
-            # The SQLite shell code filters out sqlite_ prefixes if
-            # you specified an argument else leaves them in.  It also
-            # has a hand coded output mode that does space separation
-            # plus wrapping at 80 columns.
-            for n in cmd:
-                self.process_sql(
-                    "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master "
-                    "WHERE type IN ('table', 'view') AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' "
-                    "AND name like ?1 "
-                    "UNION ALL "
-                    "SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master "
-                    "WHERE type IN ('table', 'view') AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' "
-                    "ORDER BY 1", (n, ),
-                    internal=True)
-        finally:
-            self.pop_output()
-
-    def command_timeout(self, cmd):
-        """timeout MS: Try opening locked tables for MS milliseconds
-
-        If a database is locked by another process SQLite will keep
-        retrying.  This sets how many thousandths of a second it will
-        keep trying for.  If you supply zero or a negative number then
-        all busy handlers are disabled.
-        """
-        if len(cmd) != 1:
-            raise self.Error("timeout takes a number")
-        try:
-            t = int(cmd[0])
-        except:
-            raise self.Error("%s is not a number" % (cmd[0], ))
-        self.db.setbusytimeout(t)
-
-    def command_timer(self, cmd):
-        """timer ON|OFF: Control printing of time and resource usage after each query
-
-        The values displayed are in seconds when shown as floating
-        point or an absolute count.  Only items that have changed
-        since starting the query are shown.  On non-Windows platforms
-        considerably more information can be shown.
-        """
-        if self._boolean_command("timer", cmd):
-            try:
-                self.get_resource_usage()
-            except:
-                raise self.Error("Timing not supported by this Python version/platform")
-            self.timer = True
-        else:
-            self.timer = False
-
-    def command_width(self, cmd):
-        """width NUM NUM ...: Set the column widths for "column" mode
-
-        In "column" output mode, each column is a fixed width with values truncated to
-        fit.  Specify new widths using this command.  Use a negative number
-        to right justify and zero for default column width.
-        """
-        if len(cmd) == 0:
-            raise self.Error("You need to specify some widths!")
-        w = []
-        for i in cmd:
-            try:
-                w.append(int(i))
-            except:
-                raise self.Error("'%s' is not a valid number" % (i, ))
-        self.widths = w
-
-    def _terminal_width(self):
-        """Works out the terminal width which is used for word wrapping
-        some output (eg .help)"""
-        try:
-            if sys.platform == "win32":
-                import ctypes, struct
-                h = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(-12)  # -12 is stderr
-                buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(22)
-                if ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(h, buf):
-                    _, _, _, _, _, left, top, right, bottom, _, _ = struct.unpack("hhhhHhhhhhh", buf.raw)
-                    return right - left
-                raise Exception()
-            else:
-                # posix
-                import struct, fcntl, termios
-                s = struct.pack('HHHH', 0, 0, 0, 0)
-                x = fcntl.ioctl(2, termios.TIOCGWINSZ, s)
-                return struct.unpack('HHHH', x)[1]
-        except:
-            try:
-                v = int(os.getenv("COLUMNS"))
-                if v < 10:
-                    return 80
-                return v
-            except:
-                return 80
-
-    def push_output(self):
-        """Saves the current output settings onto a stack.  See
-        :meth:`pop_output` for more details as to why you would use
-        this."""
-        o = {}
-        for k in "separator", "header", "nullvalue", "output", "widths", "truncate":
-            o[k] = getattr(self, k)
-        self._output_stack.append(o)
-
-    def pop_output(self):
-        """Restores most recently pushed output.  There are many
-        output parameters such as nullvalue, mode
-        (list/tcl/html/insert etc), column widths, header etc.  If you
-        temporarily need to change some settings then
-        :meth:`push_output`, change the settings and then pop the old
-        ones back.
-
-        A simple example is implementing a command like .dump.  Push
-        the current output, change the mode to insert so we get SQL
-        inserts printed and then pop to go back to what was there
-        before.
-
-        """
-        # first item should always be present
-        assert len(self._output_stack)
-        if len(self._output_stack) == 1:
-            o = self._output_stack[0]
-        else:
-            o = self._output_stack.pop()
-        for k, v in o.items():
-            setattr(self, k, v)
-
-    def _append_input_description(self):
-        """When displaying an error in :meth:`handle_exception` we
-        want to give context such as when the commands being executed
-        came from a .read command (which in turn could execute another
-        .read).
-        """
-        if self.interactive:
-            return
-        res = []
-        res.append("Line %d" % (self.input_line_number, ))
-        res.append(": " + getattr(self.stdin, "name", "<stdin>"))
-        self._input_descriptions.append(" ".join(res))
-
-    def fixup_backslashes(self, s):
-        """Implements the various backlash sequences in s such as
-        turning backslash t into a tab.
-
-        This function is needed because shlex does not do it for us.
-        """
-        if "\\" not in s: return s
-        # See the resolve_backslashes function in SQLite shell source
-        res = []
-        i = 0
-        while i < len(s):
-            if s[i] != "\\":
-                res.append(s[i])
-                i += 1
-                continue
-            i += 1
-            if i >= len(s):
-                raise self.Error("Backslash with nothing following")
-            c = s[i]
-            res.append({"\\": "\\", "r": "\r", "n": "\n", "t": "\t"}.get(c, None))
-            i += 1  # advance again
-            if res[-1] is None:
-                raise self.Error("Unknown backslash sequence \\" + c)
-        return "".join(res)
-
-    def write(self, dest, text):
-        "Writes text to dest.  dest will typically be one of self.stdout or self.stderr."
-        dest.write(text)
-
-    _raw_input = input
-
-    def getline(self, prompt=""):
-        """Returns a single line of input (may be incomplete SQL) from self.stdin.
-
-        If EOF is reached then return None.  Do not include trailing
-        newline in return.
-        """
-        self.stdout.flush()
-        self.stderr.flush()
-        try:
-            if self.interactive:
-                if self.stdin is sys.stdin:
-                    c = self.colour.prompt, self.colour.prompt_
-                    if self._using_readline and sys.platform != "win32":
-                        # these are needed so that readline knows they are non-printing characters
-                        c = "\x01" + c[0] + "\x02", "\x01" + c[1] + "\x02",
-                    line = self._raw_input(c[0] + prompt + c[1]) + "\n"  # raw_input excludes newline
-                else:
-                    self.write(self.stdout, prompt)
-                    line = self.stdin.readline()  # includes newline unless last line of file doesn't have one
-            else:
-                line = self.stdin.readline()  # includes newline unless last line of file doesn't have one
-            self.input_line_number += 1
-            if sys.version_info < (3, 0):
-                if type(line) != unicode:
-                    enc = getattr(self.stdin, "encoding", self.encoding[0])
-                    if not enc: enc = self.encoding[0]
-                    line = line.decode(enc)
-        except EOFError:
-            return None
-        if len(line) == 0:  # always a \n on the end normally so this is EOF
-            return None
-        if line[-1] == "\n":
-            line = line[:-1]
-        return line
-
-    def getcompleteline(self):
-        """Returns a complete input.
-
-        For dot commands it will be one line.  For SQL statements it
-        will be as many as is necessary to have a
-        :meth:`~apsw.complete` statement (ie semicolon terminated).
-        Returns None on end of file."""
-        try:
-            self._completion_first = True
-            command = self.getline(self.prompt)
-            if command is None:
-                return None
-            if len(command.strip()) == 0:
-                return ""
-            if command[0] == "?": command = ".help " + command[1:]
-            # incomplete SQL?
-            while command[0] != "." and not apsw.complete(command):
-                self._completion_first = False
-                line = self.getline(self.moreprompt)
-                if line is None:  # unexpected eof
-                    raise self.Error("Incomplete SQL (line %d of %s): %s\n" %
-                                     (self.input_line_number, getattr(self.stdin, "name", "<stdin>"), command))
-                if line in ("go", "/"):
-                    break
-                command = command + "\n" + line
-            return command
-        except KeyboardInterrupt:
-            self.handle_interrupt()
-            return ""
-
-    def handle_interrupt(self):
-        """Deal with keyboard interrupt (typically Control-C).  It
-        will :meth:`~Connection.interrupt` the database and print"^C" if interactive."""
-        self.db.interrupt()
-        if not self.bail and self.interactive:
-            self.write(self.stderr, "^C\n")
-            return
-        raise
-
-    def process_complete_line(self, command):
-        """Given some text will call the appropriate method to process
-        it (eg :meth:`process_sql` or :meth:`process_command`)"""
-        try:
-            if len(command.strip()) == 0:
-                return
-            if command[0] == ".":
-                self.process_command(command)
-            else:
-                self.process_sql(command)
-        except KeyboardInterrupt:
-            self.handle_interrupt()
-
-    def push_input(self):
-        """Saves the current input parameters to a stack.  See :meth:`pop_input`."""
-        d = {}
-        for i in "interactive", "stdin", "input_line_number":
-            d[i] = getattr(self, i)
-        self._input_stack.append(d)
-
-    def pop_input(self):
-        """Restore most recently pushed input parameters (interactive,
-        self.stdin, linenumber etc).  Use this if implementing a
-        command like read.  Push the current input, read the file and
-        then pop the input to go back to before.
-        """
-        assert (len(self._input_stack)) > 1
-        d = self._input_stack.pop()
-        for k, v in d.items():
-            setattr(self, k, v)
-
-    def complete(self, token, state):
-        """Return a possible completion for readline
-
-        This function is called with state starting at zero to get the
-        first completion, then one/two/three etc until you return None.  The best
-        implementation is to generate the list when state==0, save it,
-        and provide members on each increase.
-
-        The default implementation extracts the current full input
-        from readline and then calls :meth:`complete_command` or
-        :meth:`complete_sql` as appropriate saving the results for
-        subsequent calls.
-        """
-        if state == 0:
-            import readline
-            # the whole line
-            line = readline.get_line_buffer()
-            # beginning and end(+1) of the token in line
-            beg = readline.get_begidx()
-            end = readline.get_endidx()
-            # Are we matching a command?
-            try:
-                if self._completion_first and line.startswith("."):
-                    self.completions = self.complete_command(line, token, beg, end)
-                else:
-                    self.completions = self.complete_sql(line, token, beg, end)
-            except:
-                # Readline swallows any exceptions we raise.  We
-                # shouldn't be raising any so this is to catch that
-                import traceback
-                traceback.print_exc()
-                raise
-
-        if state > len(self.completions):
-            return None
-        return self.completions[state]
-
-    # Taken from https://sqlite.org/lang_keywords.html
-    _sqlite_keywords = """ABORT ACTION ADD AFTER ALL ALTER ANALYZE AND AS ASC ATTACH
-    AUTOINCREMENT BEFORE BEGIN BETWEEN BY CASCADE CASE CAST CHECK
-    COLLATE COLUMN COMMIT CONFLICT CONSTRAINT CREATE CROSS
-    CURRENT_DATE CURRENT_TIME CURRENT_TIMESTAMP DATABASE DEFAULT
-    DEFERRABLE DEFERRED DELETE DESC DETACH DISTINCT DROP EACH ELSE END
-    ESCAPE EXCEPT EXCLUSIVE EXISTS EXPLAIN FAIL FOR FOREIGN FROM FULL
-    GLOB GROUP HAVING IF IGNORE IMMEDIATE IN INDEX INDEXED INITIALLY
-    INNER INSERT INSTEAD INTERSECT INTO IS ISNULL JOIN KEY LEFT LIKE
-    LIMIT MATCH NATURAL NO NOT NOTNULL NULL OF OFFSET ON OR ORDER
-    OUTER PLAN PRAGMA PRIMARY QUERY RAISE RECURSIVE REFERENCES REGEXP
-    REINDEX RELEASE RENAME REPLACE RESTRICT RIGHT ROLLBACK ROW
-    SAVEPOINT SELECT SET TABLE TEMP TEMPORARY THEN TO TRANSACTION
-    TRIGGER UNION UNIQUE UPDATE USING VACUUM VALUES VIEW VIRTUAL WHEN
-    WHERE WITH WITHOUT""".split()
-
-    _sqlite_keywords.extend(getattr(apsw, "keywords", []))
-
-    # reserved words need to be quoted.  Only a subset of the above are reserved
-    # but what the heck
-    _sqlite_reserved = _sqlite_keywords
-    # add a space after each of them except functions which get parentheses
-    _sqlite_keywords = [x + (" ", "(")[x in ("VALUES", "CAST")] for x in _sqlite_keywords]
-
-    _sqlite_special_names = """_ROWID_ OID ROWID SQLITE_MASTER
-           SQLITE_SEQUENCE""".split()
-
-    _sqlite_functions = """abs( changes() char( coalesce( glob( ifnull( hex( instr(
-           last_insert_rowid() length( like( likelihood( likely(
-           load_extension( lower( ltrim( max( min( nullif( printf(
-           quote( random() randomblob( replace( round( rtrim( soundex(
-           sqlite_compileoption_get( sqlite_compileoption_used(
-           sqlite_source_id() sqlite_version() substr( total_changes()
-           trim( typeof( unlikely( unicode( upper( zeroblob( date(
-           time( datetime( julianday( strftime( avg( count(
-           group_concat( sum( total(""".split()
-
-    _pragmas_bool = ("yes", "true", "on", "no", "false", "off")
-    _pragmas = {
-        "application_id": None,
-        "auto_vacuum=": ("NONE", "FULL", "INCREMENTAL"),
-        "automatic_index=": _pragmas_bool,
-        "busy_timeout=": None,
-        "cache_size=": None,
-        "case_sensitive_like=": _pragmas_bool,
-        "cache_spill=": _pragmas_bool,
-        "cell_size_check=": _pragmas_bool,
-        "checkpoint_fullfsync=": _pragmas_bool,
-        "collation_list": None,
-        "compile_options": None,
-        "data_version": None,
-        "database_list": None,
-        "defer_foreign_keys=": _pragmas_bool,
-        "encoding=": None,
-        # ('"UTF-8"', '"UTF-16"', '"UTF-16le"', '"UTF16-16be"'),
-        # too hard to get " to be part of token just in this special case
-        "foreign_key_check": None,
-        "foreign_key_list(": None,
-        "foreign_keys": _pragmas_bool,
-        "freelist_count": None,
-        "fullfsync=": _pragmas_bool,
-        "ignore_check_constraints": _pragmas_bool,
-        "incremental_vacuum(": None,
-        "index_info(": None,
-        "index_list(": None,
-        "index_xinfo(": None,
-        "integrity_check": None,
-        "journal_mode=": ("DELETE", "TRUNCATE", "PERSIST", "MEMORY", "OFF", "WAL"),
-        "journal_size_limit=": None,
-        "legacy_file_format=": _pragmas_bool,
-        "locking_mode=": ("NORMAL", "EXCLUSIVE"),
-        "max_page_count=": None,
-        "mmap_size=": None,
-        "optimize(": None,
-        "page_count;": None,
-        "page_size=": None,
-        "query_only=": _pragmas_bool,
-        "quick_check": None,
-        "read_uncommitted=": _pragmas_bool,
-        "recursive_triggers=": _pragmas_bool,
-        "reverse_unordered_selects=": _pragmas_bool,
-        "schema_version": None,
-        "secure_delete=": _pragmas_bool,
-        "shrink_memory": None,
-        "soft_heap_limit=": None,
-        "synchronous=": ("OFF", "NORMAL", "FULL"),
-        "table_info(": None,
-        "table_list": None,
-        "temp_store=": ("DEFAULT", "FILE", "MEMORY"),
-        "threads=": None,
-        "user_version=": None,
-        "wal_autocheckpoint=": None,
-        "wal_checkpoint": None,
-        "writable_schema": _pragmas_bool,
-    }
-
-    def _get_prev_tokens(self, line, end):
-        "Returns the tokens prior to pos end in the line"
-        return re.findall(r'"?\w+"?', line[:end])
-
-    def complete_sql(self, line, token, beg, end):
-        """Provide some completions for SQL
-
-        :param line: The current complete input line
-        :param token: The word readline is looking for matches
-        :param beg: Integer offset of token in line
-        :param end: Integer end of token in line
-        :return: A list of completions, or an empty list if none
-        """
-        if self._completion_cache is None:
-            cur = self.db.cursor()
-            collations = [row[1] for row in cur.execute("pragma collation_list")]
-            databases = [row[1] for row in cur.execute("pragma database_list")]
-            other = []
-            for db in databases:
-                if db == "temp":
-                    master = "sqlite_temp_master"
-                else:
-                    master = "[%s].sqlite_master" % (db, )
-                for row in cur.execute("select * from " + master).fetchall():
-                    for col in (1, 2):
-                        if row[col] not in other and not row[col].startswith("sqlite_"):
-                            other.append(row[col])
-                    if row[0] == "table":
-                        try:
-                            for table in cur.execute("pragma [%s].table_info([%s])" % (
-                                    db,
-                                    row[1],
-                            )).fetchall():
-                                if table[1] not in other:
-                                    other.append(table[1])
-                                for item in table[2].split():
-                                    if item not in other:
-                                        other.append(item)
-                        except apsw.SQLError:
-                            # See https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw/issues/86
-                            pass
-                functions = {}
-                for row in cur.execute("pragma function_list"):
-                    name = row[0]
-                    narg = row[4]
-                    functions[name] = max(narg, functions.get(name, -1))
-
-                def fmtfunc(name, nargs):
-                    if nargs == 0:
-                        return name + "()"
-                    return name + "("
-
-                func_list = [fmtfunc(name, narg) for name, narg in functions.items()]
-
-            self._completion_cache = [
-                self._sqlite_keywords, func_list, self._sqlite_special_names, collations, databases, other
-            ]
-            for i in range(len(self._completion_cache)):
-                self._completion_cache[i].sort()
-
-        # be somewhat sensible about pragmas
-        if "pragma " in line.lower():
-            t = self._get_prev_tokens(line.lower(), end)
-
-            # pragma foo = bar
-            if len(t) > 2 and t[-3] == "pragma":
-                # t[-2] should be a valid one
-                for p in self._pragmas:
-                    if p.replace("=", "") == t[-2]:
-                        vals = self._pragmas[p]
-                        if not vals:
-                            return []
-                        return [x + ";" for x in vals if x.startswith(token)]
-            # at equals?
-            if len(t) > 1 and t[-2] == "pragma" and line[:end].replace(" ", "").endswith("="):
-                for p in self._pragmas:
-                    if p.replace("=", "") == t[-1]:
-                        vals = self._pragmas[p]
-                        if not vals:
-                            return []
-                        return vals
-            # pragma foo
-            if len(t) > 1 and t[-2] == "pragma":
-                res = [x for x in self._pragmas.keys() if x.startswith(token)]
-                res.sort()
-                return res
-
-            # pragma
-            if len(t) and t[-1] == "pragma":
-                res = list(self._pragmas.keys())
-                res.sort()
-                return res
-
-        # This is currently not context sensitive (eg it doesn't look
-        # to see if last token was 'FROM' and hence next should only
-        # be table names.  That is a SMOP like pragmas above
-        res = []
-        ut = token.upper()
-        for corpus in self._completion_cache:
-            for word in corpus:
-                if word.upper().startswith(ut):
-                    # potential match - now match case
-                    if word.startswith(token):  # exact
-                        if word not in res:
-                            res.append(word)
-                    elif word.lower().startswith(token):  # lower
-                        if word.lower() not in res:
-                            res.append(word.lower())
-                    elif word.upper().startswith(token):  # upper
-                        if word.upper() not in res:
-                            res.append(word.upper())
-                    else:
-                        # match letter by letter otherwise readline mangles what was typed in
-                        w = token + word[len(token):]
-                        if w not in res:
-                            res.append(w)
-        return res
-
-    _builtin_commands = None
-
-    def complete_command(self, line, token, beg, end):
-        """Provide some completions for dot commands
-
-        :param line: The current complete input line
-        :param token: The word readline is looking for matches
-        :param beg: Integer offset of token in line
-        :param end: Integer end of token in line
-        :return: A list of completions, or an empty list if none
-        """
-        if not self._builtin_commands:
-            self._builtin_commands = [
-                "." + x[len("command_"):] for x in dir(self) if x.startswith("command_") and x != "command_headers"
-            ]
-        if beg == 0:
-            # some commands don't need a space because they take no
-            # params but who cares?
-            return [x + " " for x in self._builtin_commands if x.startswith(token)]
-        return None
-
-    def get_resource_usage(self):
-        """Return a dict of various numbers (ints or floats).  The
-        .timer command shows the difference between before and after
-        results of what this returns by calling :meth:`display_timing`"""
-        if sys.platform == "win32":
-            import ctypes, time, platform
-            ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetProcessTimes.argtypes = [
-                platform.architecture()[0] == '64bit' and ctypes.c_int64 or ctypes.c_int32, ctypes.c_void_p,
-                ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_void_p
-            ]
-
-            # All 4 out params have to be present.  FILETIME is really
-            # just a 64 bit quantity in 100 nanosecond granularity
-            dummy = ctypes.c_ulonglong()
-            utime = ctypes.c_ulonglong()
-            stime = ctypes.c_ulonglong()
-            rc = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetProcessTimes(
-                ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetCurrentProcess(),
-                ctypes.byref(dummy),  # creation time
-                ctypes.byref(dummy),  # exit time
-                ctypes.byref(stime),
-                ctypes.byref(utime))
-            if rc:
-                return {
-                    'Wall clock': time.time(),
-                    'User time': float(utime.value) / 10000000,
-                    'System time': float(stime.value) / 10000000
-                }
-            return {}
-        else:
-            import resource, time
-            r = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)
-            res = {'Wall clock': time.time()}
-            for i, desc in (
-                ("utime", "User time"),
-                ("stime", "System time"),
-                ("maxrss", "Max rss"),
-                ("idrss", "Memory"),
-                ("isrss", "Stack"),
-                ("ixrss", "Shared Memory"),
-                ("minflt", "PF (no I/O)"),
-                ("majflt", "PF (I/O)"),
-                ("inblock", "Blocks in"),
-                ("oublock", "Blocks out"),
-                ("nsignals", "Signals"),
-                ("nvcsw", "Voluntary context switches"),
-                ("nivcsw", "Involunary context switches"),
-                ("msgrcv", "Messages received"),
-                ("msgsnd", "Messages sent"),
-                ("nswap", "Swaps"),
-            ):
-                f = "ru_" + i
-                if hasattr(r, f):
-                    res[desc] = getattr(r, f)
-            return res
-
-    def display_timing(self, b4, after):
-        """Writes the difference between b4 and after to self.stderr.
-        The data is dictionaries returned from
-        :meth:`get_resource_usage`."""
-        v = list(b4.keys())
-        for i in after:
-            if i not in v:
-                v.append(i)
-        v.sort()
-        for k in v:
-            if k in b4 and k in after:
-                one = b4[k]
-                two = after[k]
-                val = two - one
-                if val:
-                    if type(val) == float:
-                        self.write(self.stderr, "+ %s: %.4f\n" % (k, val))
-                    else:
-                        self.write(self.stderr, "+ %s: %d\n" % (k, val))
-
-    ### Colour support
-
-    def _out_colour(self):
-        # Sets up color for output.  Input being interactive doesn't
-        # matter.  This method needs to be called on all changes to
-        # output.
-        if getattr(self.stdout, "isatty", False) and self.stdout.isatty():
-            self.colour = self._colours[self.colour_scheme]
-        else:
-            self.colour = self._colours["off"]
-
-    # This class returns an empty string for all undefined attributes
-    # so that it doesn't matter if a colour scheme leaves something
-    # out.
-    class _colourscheme:
-
-        def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-            for k, v in kwargs.items():
-                setattr(self, k, v)
-
-        def __nonzero__(self):
-            return True
-
-        def __str__(self):
-            return "_colourscheme(" + str(self.__dict__) + ")"
-
-        def __getattr__(self, k):
-            return ""
-
-        def colour_value(self, val, formatted):
-            c = self.colour
-            if val is None:
-                return self.vnull + formatted + self.vnull_
-            if isinstance(val, Shell._basestring):
-                return self.vstring + formatted + self.vstring_
-            if isinstance(val, Shell._binary_type):
-                return self.vblob + formatted + self.vblob_
-            # must be a number - we don't distinguish between float/int
-            return self.vnumber + formatted + self.vnumber_
-
-    # The colour definitions - the convention is the name to turn
-    # something on and the name with an underscore suffix to turn it
-    # off
-    d = _colourscheme(**dict([(v, "\x1b[" + str(n) + "m") for n, v in {
-        0: "reset",
-        1: "bold",
-        4: "underline",
-        22: "bold_",
-        24: "underline_",
-        7: "inverse",
-        27: "inverse_",
-        30: "fg_black",
-        31: "fg_red",
-        32: "fg_green",
-        33: "fg_yellow",
-        34: "fg_blue",
-        35: "fg_magenta",
-        36: "fg_cyan",
-        37: "fg_white",
-        39: "fg_",
-        40: "bg_black",
-        41: "bg_red",
-        42: "bg_green",
-        43: "bg_yellow",
-        44: "bg_blue",
-        45: "bg_magenta",
-        46: "bg_cyan",
-        47: "bg_white",
-        49: "bg_"
-    }.items()]))
-
-    _colours = {"off": _colourscheme(colour_value=lambda x, y: y)}
-
-    _colours["default"] = _colourscheme(prompt=d.bold,
-                                        prompt_=d.bold_,
-                                        error=d.fg_red + d.bold,
-                                        error_=d.bold_ + d.fg_,
-                                        intro=d.fg_blue + d.bold,
-                                        intro_=d.bold_ + d.fg_,
-                                        summary=d.fg_blue + d.bold,
-                                        summary_=d.bold_ + d.fg_,
-                                        header=sys.platform == "win32" and d.inverse or d.underline,
-                                        header_=sys.platform == "win32" and d.inverse_ or d.underline_,
-                                        vnull=d.fg_red,
-                                        vnull_=d.fg_,
-                                        vstring=d.fg_yellow,
-                                        vstring_=d.fg_,
-                                        vblob=d.fg_blue,
-                                        vblob_=d.fg_,
-                                        vnumber=d.fg_magenta,
-                                        vnumber_=d.fg_)
-    if sys.platform == "win32":
-        if not _win_colour:
-            for k in _colours:
-                _colours[k] = _colours["off"]
-    # unpollute namespace
-    del d
-    del _colourscheme
-    try:
-        del n
-        del x
-        del v
-    except:
-        pass
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    # Docstring must start on second line so dedenting works correctly
-    """
-    Call this to run the :ref:`interactive shell <shell>`.  It
-    automatically passes in sys.argv[1:] and exits Python when done.
-
-    """
-    try:
-        s = Shell()
-        _, _, cmds = s.process_args(sys.argv[1:])
-        if len(cmds) == 0:
-            s.cmdloop()
-    except:
-        v = sys.exc_info()[1]
-        if isinstance(v, SystemExit):
-            raise
-        if getattr(v, "_handle_exception_saw_this", False):
-            pass
-        else:
-            # Where did this exception come from?
-            import traceback
-            traceback.print_exc()
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()
diff -Nru python-apsw-3.39.2.0/tools/speedtest.py python-apsw-3.40.0.0/tools/speedtest.py
--- python-apsw-3.39.2.0/tools/speedtest.py	2022-04-06 04:58:08.000000000 +0000
+++ python-apsw-3.40.0.0/tools/speedtest.py	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,530 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-#
-# See the accompanying LICENSE file.
-#
-# Do speed tests.  The tests try to correspond to
-# https://sqlite.org/cvstrac/fileview?f=sqlite/tool/mkspeedsql.tcl
-# Command line options etc were added later hence the
-# somewhat weird structuring.
-
-import sys
-import os
-import random
-import time
-import gc
-import optparse
-
-# Sigh
-try:
-    maxuni = 0x10ffff
-    chr(maxuni)
-except ValueError:
-    maxuni = 0xffff
-
-timerfn = time.process_time
-
-
-def doit():
-    random.seed(0)
-    options.tests = [t.strip() for t in options.tests.split(",")]
-
-    print("         Python", sys.executable, sys.version_info)
-    print("          Scale", options.scale)
-    print("       Database", options.database)
-    print("          Tests", ", ".join(options.tests))
-    print("     Iterations", options.iterations)
-    print("Statement Cache", options.scsize)
-
-    print("\n")
-    if options.apsw:
-        import apsw
-
-        print("    Testing with APSW file ", apsw.__file__)
-        print("              APSW version ", apsw.apswversion())
-        print("        SQLite lib version ", apsw.sqlitelibversion())
-        print("    SQLite headers version ", apsw.SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER, end="\n\n")
-
-        def apsw_setup(dbfile):
-            con = apsw.Connection(dbfile, statementcachesize=options.scsize)
-            con.createscalarfunction("number_name", number_name, 1)
-            return con
-
-    if options.sqlite3:
-        import sqlite3
-
-        print("Testing with sqlite3 file ", sqlite3.__file__)
-        print("          sqlite3 version ", sqlite3.version)
-        print("           SQLite version ", sqlite3.sqlite_version, end="\n\n")
-
-        def sqlite3_setup(dbfile):
-            con = sqlite3.connect(dbfile, isolation_level=None, cached_statements=options.scsize)
-            con.create_function("number_name", 1, number_name)
-            return con
-
-    ones = ("zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "eleven", "twelve",
-            "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen")
-    tens = ("", "ten", "twenty", "thirty", "forty", "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety")
-
-    others = ("thousand", "hundred", "zero")
-
-    def _number_name(n):
-        if n >= 1000:
-            txt = "%s %s" % (_number_name(int(n / 1000)), others[0])
-            n = n % 1000
-        else:
-            txt = ""
-
-        if n >= 100:
-            txt = txt + " " + ones[int(n / 100)] + " " + others[1]
-            n = n % 100
-
-        if n >= 20:
-            txt = txt + " " + tens[int(n / 10)]
-            n = n % 10
-
-        if n > 0:
-            txt = txt + " " + ones[n]
-
-        txt = txt.strip()
-
-        if txt == "":
-            txt = others[2]
-
-        return txt
-
-    def unicodify(text):
-        if options.unicode and len(text):
-            newt = []
-            c = options.unicode / 100.0
-            for t in text:
-                if random.random() > c:
-                    newt.append(t)
-                    continue
-                while True:
-                    t = random.randint(0xa1, maxuni)
-                    # we don't want the surrogate range or apostrophe
-                    if t < 0xd800 or t > 0xdfff: break
-                newt.append(chr(t))
-            text = "".join(newt)
-        return text
-
-    if options.unicode:
-        ones = tuple([unicodify(s) for s in ones])
-        tens = tuple([unicodify(s) for s in tens])
-        others = tuple([unicodify(s) for s in others])
-
-    def number_name(n):
-        text = _number_name(n)
-        if options.size:
-            text = text * int(random.randint(0, options.size) / len(text))
-        return text
-
-    def getlines(scale=50, bindings=False):
-        random.seed(0)
-
-        # RogerB added two pragmas so that only memory is used.  This means that the
-        # vagaries of disk access times don't alter the results
-
-        # database schema
-        for i in """PRAGMA page_size=1024;
-      PRAGMA cache_size=8192;
-      PRAGMA locking_mode=EXCLUSIVE;
-      PRAGMA journal_mode = OFF;
-      PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY;
-      CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER, b INTEGER, c TEXT);
-      CREATE TABLE t2(a INTEGER, b INTEGER, c TEXT);
-      CREATE INDEX i2a ON t2(a);
-      CREATE INDEX i2b ON t2(b);
-      SELECT name FROM sqlite_master ORDER BY 1""".split(";"):
-            yield (i, )
-
-        # 50,000 inserts on an unindexed table
-        yield ("BEGIN", )
-        for i in range(1, scale * 10000 + 1):
-            r = random.randint(0, 500000)
-            if bindings:
-                yield ("INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(:1, :2, number_name(:2))", (i, r))
-            else:
-                yield ("INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(%d, %d, '%s')" % (i, r, number_name(r)), )
-        yield ("COMMIT", )
-
-        # 50,000 inserts on an indexed table
-        t1c_list = []
-        yield ("BEGIN", )
-        for i in range(1, scale * 10000 + 1):
-            r = random.randint(0, 500000)
-            x = number_name(r)
-            t1c_list.append(x)
-            if bindings:
-                yield ("INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(:1, :2, number_name(:2))", (i, r))
-            else:
-                yield ("INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(%d, %d, '%s')" % (i, r, x), )
-        yield ("COMMIT", )
-
-        # 50 SELECTs on an integer comparison.  There is no index so
-        # a full table scan is required.
-        for i in range(scale):
-            yield ("SELECT count(*), avg(b) FROM t1 WHERE b>=%d AND b<%d" % (i * 100, (i + 10) * 100), )
-
-        # 50 SELECTs on an LIKE comparison.  There is no index so a full
-        # table scan is required.
-        for i in range(scale):
-            yield ("SELECT count(*), avg(b) FROM t1 WHERE c LIKE '%%%s%%'" % (number_name(i), ), )
-
-        # Create indices
-        yield ("BEGIN", )
-        for i in """CREATE INDEX i1a ON t1(a);
-                    CREATE INDEX i1b ON t1(b);
-                    CREATE INDEX i1c ON t1(c);""".split(";"):
-            yield (i, )
-        yield ("COMMIT", )
-
-        # 5000 SELECTs on an integer comparison where the integer is
-        # indexed.
-        for i in range(scale * 100):
-            yield ("SELECT count(*), avg(b) FROM t1 WHERE b>=%d AND b<%d" % (i * 100, (i + 10) * 100), )
-
-        # 100000 random SELECTs against rowid.
-        for i in range(1, scale * 2000 + 1):
-            yield ("SELECT c FROM t1 WHERE rowid=%d" % (1 + random.randint(0, 50000), ), )
-
-        # 100000 random SELECTs against a unique indexed column.
-        for i in range(1, scale * 2000 + 1):
-            yield ("SELECT c FROM t1 WHERE a=%d" % (1 + random.randint(0, 50000), ), )
-
-        # 50000 random SELECTs against an indexed column text column
-        for i in range(scale * 1000):
-            if bindings:
-                yield (
-                    "SELECT c FROM t1 WHERE c=?",
-                    (random.choice(t1c_list), ),
-                )
-            else:
-                yield ("SELECT c FROM t1 WHERE c='%s'" % (random.choice(t1c_list), ), )
-
-        # Vacuum
-        if options.database != ":memory:":
-            # opens a disk file
-            yield ("VACUUM", )
-
-        # 5000 updates of ranges where the field being compared is indexed.
-        yield ("BEGIN", )
-        for i in range(scale * 100):
-            yield ("UPDATE t1 SET b=b*2 WHERE a>=%d AND a<%d" % (i * 2, (i + 1) * 2), )
-        yield ("COMMIT", )
-
-        # 50000 single-row updates.  An index is used to find the row quickly.
-        yield ("BEGIN", )
-        for i in range(scale * 1000):
-            if bindings:
-                yield ("UPDATE t1 SET b=? WHERE a=%d" % (i, ), (random.randint(0, 500000), ))
-            else:
-                yield ("UPDATE t1 SET b=%d WHERE a=%d" % (random.randint(0, 500000), i), )
-        yield ("COMMIT", )
-
-        # 1 big text update that touches every row in the table.
-        yield ("UPDATE t1 SET c=a", )
-
-        # Many individual text updates.  Each row in the table is
-        # touched through an index.
-        yield ("BEGIN", )
-        for i in range(1, scale * 1000 + 1):
-            if bindings:
-                yield ("UPDATE t1 SET c=? WHERE a=%d" % (i, ), (number_name(random.randint(0, 500000)), ))
-            else:
-                yield ("UPDATE t1 SET c='%s' WHERE a=%d" % (number_name(random.randint(0, 500000)), i), )
-        yield ("COMMIT", )
-
-        # Delete all content in a table.
-        yield ("DELETE FROM t1", )
-
-        # Copy one table into another
-        yield ("INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM t2", )
-
-        # Delete all content in a table, one row at a time.
-        yield ("DELETE FROM t1 WHERE 1", )
-
-        # Refill the table yet again
-        yield ("INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM t2", )
-
-        # Drop the table and recreate it without its indices.
-        yield ("BEGIN", )
-        yield ("DROP TABLE t1", )
-        yield ("CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER, b INTEGER, c TEXT)", )
-        yield ("COMMIT", )
-
-        # Refill the table yet again.  This copy should be faster because
-        # there are no indices to deal with.
-        yield ("INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM t2", )
-
-        # The three following used "ORDER BY random()" but we can't do that
-        # as it causes each run to have different values, and hence different
-        # amounts of sorting that have to go on.  The "random()" has been
-        # replaced by "c", the column that has the stringified number
-
-        # Select 20000 rows from the table at random.
-        yield ("SELECT rowid FROM t1 ORDER BY c LIMIT %d" % (scale * 400, ), )
-
-        # Delete 20000 random rows from the table.
-        yield ("""  DELETE FROM t1 WHERE rowid IN
-                         (SELECT rowid FROM t1 ORDER BY c LIMIT %d)""" % (scale * 400, ), )
-
-        yield ("SELECT count(*) FROM t1", )
-
-        # Delete 20000 more rows at random from the table.
-        yield ("""DELETE FROM t1 WHERE rowid IN
-                     (SELECT rowid FROM t1 ORDER BY c LIMIT %d)""" % (scale * 400, ), )
-
-        yield ("SELECT count(*) FROM t1", )
-
-    # Do a correctness test first
-    if options.correctness:
-        print("Correctness test\n")
-        if 'bigstmt' in options.tests:
-            text = ";\n".join([x[0] for x in getlines(scale=1)]) + ";"
-        if 'statements' in options.tests:
-            withbindings = [line for line in getlines(scale=1, bindings=True)]
-        if 'statements_nobindings' in options.tests:
-            withoutbindings = [line for line in getlines(scale=1, bindings=False)]
-
-        res = {}
-        for driver in ('apsw', 'sqlite3'):
-            if not getattr(options, driver):
-                continue
-
-            for test in options.tests:
-                name = driver + "_" + test
-
-                print(name + '\t')
-                sys.stdout.flush()
-
-                if name == 'sqlite3_bigstmt':
-                    print('limited functionality (ignoring)\n')
-                    continue
-
-                con = locals().get(driver + "_setup")(":memory:")  # we always correctness test on memory
-
-                if test == 'bigstmt':
-                    cursor = con.cursor()
-                    if driver == 'apsw':
-                        func = cursor.execute
-                    else:
-                        func = cursor.executescript
-
-                    res[name] = [row for row in func(text)]
-                    print(str(len(res[name])) + "\n")
-                    continue
-
-                cursor = con.cursor()
-                if test == 'statements':
-                    sql = withbindings
-                elif test == 'statements_nobindings':
-                    sql = withoutbindings
-
-                l = []
-                for s in sql:
-                    for row in cursor.execute(*s):
-                        l.append(row)
-
-                res[name] = l
-                print(str(len(res[name])) + "\n")
-
-        # All elements of res should be identical
-        elements = sorted(res.keys())
-        for i in range(0, len(elements) - 1):
-            print("%s == %s %s\n" % (elements[i], elements[i + 1], res[elements[i]] == res[elements[i + 1]]))
-
-        del res
-    text = None
-    withbindings = None
-    withoutbindings = None
-
-    if options.dump_filename or "bigstmt" in options.tests:
-        text = ";\n".join([x[0] for x in getlines(scale=options.scale)]) + ";"  # sqlite3 requires final semicolon
-        if options.dump_filename:
-            open(options.dump_filename, "wt", encoding="utf8").write(text)
-            sys.exit(0)
-
-    if "statements" in options.tests:
-        withbindings = list(getlines(scale=options.scale, bindings=True))
-
-    if "statements_nobindings" in options.tests:
-        withoutbindings = list(getlines(scale=options.scale, bindings=False))
-
-    # Each test returns the amount of time taken.  Note that we include
-    # the close time as well.  Otherwise the numbers become a function of
-    # cache and other collection sizes as freeing members gets deferred to
-    # close time.
-
-    def apsw_bigstmt(con):
-        "APSW big statement"
-        try:
-            for row in con.cursor().execute(text):
-                pass
-        except:
-            import pdb
-            pdb.set_trace()
-            pass
-
-    def sqlite3_bigstmt(con):
-        "sqlite3 big statement"
-        for row in con.executescript(text):
-            pass
-
-    def apsw_statements(con, bindings=withbindings):
-        "APSW individual statements with bindings"
-        cursor = con.cursor()
-        for b in bindings:
-            for row in cursor.execute(*b):
-                pass
-
-    def sqlite3_statements(con, bindings=withbindings):
-        "sqlite3 individual statements with bindings"
-        cursor = con.cursor()
-        for b in bindings:
-            for row in cursor.execute(*b):
-                pass
-
-    def apsw_statements_nobindings(con):
-        "APSW individual statements without bindings"
-        return apsw_statements(con, withoutbindings)
-
-    def sqlite3_statements_nobindings(con):
-        "sqlite3 individual statements without bindings"
-        return sqlite3_statements(con, withoutbindings)
-
-    # Do the work
-    print("\nRunning tests - elapsed, CPU (results in seconds, lower is better)\n")
-
-    for i in range(options.iterations):
-        print("%d/%d" % (i + 1, options.iterations))
-        for test in options.tests:
-            # funky stuff is to alternate order each round
-            for driver in (("apsw", "sqlite3"), ("sqlite3", "apsw"))[i % 2]:
-                if getattr(options, driver):
-                    name = driver + "_" + test
-                    func = locals().get(name, None)
-                    if not func:
-                        sys.exit("No such test " + name + "\n")
-
-                    if os.path.exists(options.database):
-                        os.remove(options.database)
-                    print("\t" + func.__name__ + (" " * (40 - len(func.__name__))), end="")
-                    con = locals().get(driver + "_setup")(options.database)
-                    gc.collect(2)
-                    b4cpu = timerfn()
-                    b4 = time.time()
-                    func(con)
-                    con.close()  # see note above as to why we include this in the timing
-                    gc.collect(2)
-                    after = time.time()
-                    aftercpu = timerfn()
-                    print("%0.3f %0.3f" % (after - b4, aftercpu - b4cpu))
-
-
-parser = optparse.OptionParser()
-parser.add_option("--apsw", dest="apsw", action="store_true", default=False, help="Include apsw in testing (%default)")
-parser.add_option("--sqlite3", action="store_true", default=False, help="Include sqlite3 module in testing (%default)")
-parser.add_option("--correctness", dest="correctness", action="store_true", default=False, help="Do a correctness test")
-parser.add_option(
-    "--scale",
-    dest="scale",
-    type="int",
-    default=10,
-    help=
-    "How many statements to execute.  Each unit takes about 2 seconds per test on memory only databases. [Default %default]"
-)
-parser.add_option("--database", dest="database", default=":memory:", help="The database file to use [Default %default]")
-parser.add_option("--tests",
-                  dest="tests",
-                  default="bigstmt,statements,statements_nobindings",
-                  help="What tests to run [Default %default]")
-parser.add_option("--iterations",
-                  dest="iterations",
-                  default=4,
-                  type="int",
-                  metavar="N",
-                  help="How many times to run the tests [Default %default]")
-parser.add_option("--tests-detail",
-                  dest="tests_detail",
-                  default=False,
-                  action="store_true",
-                  help="Print details of what the tests do.  (Does not run the tests)")
-parser.add_option("--dump-sql",
-                  dest="dump_filename",
-                  metavar="FILENAME",
-                  help="Name of file to dump SQL to.  This is useful for feeding into the SQLite command line shell.")
-parser.add_option(
-    "--sc-size",
-    dest="scsize",
-    type="int",
-    default=100,
-    metavar="N",
-    help=
-    "Size of the statement cache. APSW will disable cache with value of zero.  sqlite3 ensures a minimum of 5 [Default %default]"
-)
-parser.add_option("--unicode",
-                  dest="unicode",
-                  type="int",
-                  default=0,
-                  help="Percentage of text that is unicode characters [Default %default]")
-parser.add_option(
-    "--data-size",
-    dest="size",
-    type="int",
-    default=0,
-    metavar="SIZE",
-    help=
-    "Maximum size in characters of data items - keep this number small unless you are on 64 bits and have lots of memory with a small scale - you can easily consume multiple gigabytes [Default same as original TCL speedtest]"
-)
-
-tests_detail = """\
-bigstmt:
-
-  Supplies the SQL as a single string consisting of multiple
-  statements.  apsw handles this normally via cursor.execute while
-  sqlite3 requires that cursor.executescript is called.  The string
-  will be several kilobytes and with a factor of 50 will be in the
-  megabyte range.  This is the kind of query you would run if you were
-  restoring a database from a dump.  (Note that sqlite3 silently
-  ignores returned data which also makes it execute faster).
-
-statements:
-
-  Runs the SQL queries but uses bindings (? parameters). eg::
-
-    for i in range(3):
-       cursor.execute("insert into table foo values(?)", (i,))
-
-  This test has many hits of the statement cache.
-
-statements_nobindings:
-
-  Runs the SQL queries but doesn't use bindings. eg::
-
-    cursor.execute("insert into table foo values(0)")
-    cursor.execute("insert into table foo values(1)")
-    cursor.execute("insert into table foo values(2)")
-
-  This test has no statement cache hits and shows the overhead of
-       having a statement cache.
-
-  In theory all the tests above should run in almost identical time
-  as well as when using the SQLite command line shell.  This tool
-  shows you what happens in practise.
-    \n"""
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    options, args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    if len(args):
-        parser.error("Unexpected arguments " + str(args))
-
-    if options.tests_detail:
-        print(tests_detail)
-        sys.exit(0)
-
-    if not options.apsw and not options.sqlite3 and not options.dump_filename:
-        parser.error("You should select at least one of --apsw or --sqlite3")
-
-    doit()