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PDF (US-Letter paper size)	Download (ca. 8 MB)	Download (ca. 8 MB)
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PDF (A4 paper size)	Download (ca. 8 MB)	Download (ca. 8 MB)
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HTML	Download (ca. 6 MB)	Download (ca. 4 MB)
{% trans %}PDF (A4 paper size){% endtrans %}	-+ -+ {% trans %}Download{% endtrans %} -+ {% trans %}(ca. 8 MB){% endtrans %}	-+ -+ {% trans %}Download{% endtrans %} -+ {% trans %}(ca. 8 MB){% endtrans %}
Plain Text	Download (ca. 2 MB)	Download (ca. 1.5 MB)
{% trans %}HTML{% endtrans %}	-+ -+ {% trans %}Download{% endtrans %} -+ {% trans %}(ca. 6 MB){% endtrans %} -+	-+ -+ {% trans %}Download{% endtrans %} -+ {% trans %}(ca. 4 MB){% endtrans %} -+
{% trans %}Plain Text{% endtrans %}	-+ -+ {% trans %}Download{% endtrans %} -+ {% trans %}(ca. 2 MB){% endtrans %} -+	-+ -+ {% trans %}Download{% endtrans %} -+ {% trans %}(ca. 1.5 MB){% endtrans %} -+

- -

24.6. IDLE¶

IDLE is Python’s Integrated Development and Learning Environment.

IDLE has the following features:

coded in 100% pure Python, using the tkinter GUI toolkit
coded in 100% pure Python, using the tkinter GUI toolkit
cross-platform: works mostly the same on Windows, Unix, and Mac OS X
Python shell window (interactive interpreter) with colorizing - of code input, output, and error messages

Run Module

Do Check Module (above). If no error, restart the shell to clean the - environment, then execute the module. Output is displayed in the Shell --window. Note that output requires use of print or write. -+window. Note that output requires use of print or write. - When execution is complete, the Shell retains focus and displays a prompt. - At this point, one may interactively explore the result of execution. --This is similar to executing a file with python -i file at a command -+This is similar to executing a file with python -i file at a command - line.

-@@ -339,47 +339,47 @@ -

24.6.2. Editing and navigation¶

In this section, ‘C’ refers to the Control key on Windows and Unix and --the Command key on Mac OSX.

In this section, ‘C’ refers to the Control key on Windows and Unix and -+the Command key on Mac OSX.

Backspace deletes to the left; Del deletes to the right
-+
Backspace deletes to the left; Del deletes to the right
-
C-Backspace delete word left; C-Del delete word to the right
-+
C-Backspace delete word left; C-Del delete word to the right
-
Arrow keys and Page Up/Page Down to move around
-+
Arrow keys and Page Up/Page Down to move around
-
C-LeftArrow and C-RightArrow moves by words
-+
C-LeftArrow and C-RightArrow moves by words
-
Home/End go to begin/end of line
-+
Home/End go to begin/end of line
-
C-Home/C-End go to begin/end of file
-+
C-Home/C-End go to begin/end of file
-
Some useful Emacs bindings are inherited from Tcl/Tk:
-
-
- C-a beginning of line
- C-e end of line
- C-k kill line (but doesn’t put it in clipboard)
- C-l center window around the insertion point
- C-b go backwards one character without deleting (usually you can -+
- C-a beginning of line
- C-e end of line
- C-k kill line (but doesn’t put it in clipboard)
- C-l center window around the insertion point
- C-b go backwards one character without deleting (usually you can - also use the cursor key for this)
- C-f go forward one character without deleting (usually you can -+
- C-f go forward one character without deleting (usually you can - also use the cursor key for this)
- C-p go up one line (usually you can also use the cursor key for -+
- C-p go up one line (usually you can also use the cursor key for - this)
- C-d delete next character
- C-d delete next character
-
-

Standard keybindings (like C-c to copy and C-v to paste) -+

Standard keybindings (like C-c to copy and C-v to paste) - may work. Keybindings are selected in the Configure IDLE dialog.

24.6.2.1. Automatic indentation¶

After a block-opening statement, the next line is indented by 4 spaces (in the - Python Shell window by one tab). After certain keywords (break, return etc.) --the next line is dedented. In leading indentation, Backspace deletes up --to 4 spaces if they are there. Tab inserts spaces (in the Python -+the next line is dedented. In leading indentation, Backspace deletes up -+to 4 spaces if they are there. Tab inserts spaces (in the Python - Shell window one tab), number depends on Indent width. Currently tabs - are restricted to four spaces due to Tcl/Tk limitations.

See also the indent/dedent region commands in the edit menu.

-@@ -394,25 +394,25 @@ - of those characters (plus zero or more other characters) a tab is typed - the ACW will open immediately if a possible continuation is found.

If there is only one possible completion for the characters entered, a --Tab will supply that completion without opening the ACW.

-+Tab will supply that completion without opening the ACW.

‘Show Completions’ will force open a completions window, by default the --C-space will open a completions window. In an empty -+C-space will open a completions window. In an empty - string, this will contain the files in the current directory. On a - blank line, it will contain the built-in and user-defined functions and - classes in the current name spaces, plus any modules imported. If some - characters have been entered, the ACW will attempt to be more specific.

If a string of characters is typed, the ACW selection will jump to the --entry most closely matching those characters. Entering a tab will -+entry most closely matching those characters. Entering a tab will - cause the longest non-ambiguous match to be entered in the Editor window or --Shell. Two tab in a row will supply the current ACW selection, as -+Shell. Two tab in a row will supply the current ACW selection, as - will return or a double click. Cursor keys, Page Up/Down, mouse selection, - and the scroll wheel all operate on the ACW.

“Hidden” attributes can be accessed by typing the beginning of hidden - name after a ‘.’, e.g. ‘_’. This allows access to modules with --__all__ set, or to class-private attributes.

-+__all__ set, or to class-private attributes.

Completions and the ‘Expand Word’ facility can save a lot of typing!

Completions are currently limited to those in the namespaces. Names in --an Editor window which are not via __main__ and sys.modules will -+an Editor window which are not via __main__ and sys.modules will - not be found. Run the module once with your imports to correct this situation. - Note that IDLE itself places quite a few modules in sys.modules, so - much can be found by default, e.g. the re module.

-@@ -421,10 +421,10 @@ -

24.6.2.3. Calltips¶

A calltip is shown when one types ( after the name of an acccessible -+

A calltip is shown when one types ( after the name of an acccessible - function. A name expression may include dots and subscripts. A calltip - remains until it is clicked, the cursor is moved out of the argument area, --or ) is typed. When the cursor is in the argument part of a definition, -+or ) is typed. When the cursor is in the argument part of a definition, - the menu or shortcut display a calltip.

A calltip consists of the function signature and the first line of the - docstring. For builtins without an accessible signature, the calltip -@@ -433,11 +433,11 @@ -

The set of accessible functions depends on what modules have been imported - into the user process, including those imported by Idle itself, - and what definitions have been run, all since the last restart.

For example, restart the Shell and enter itertools.count(. A calltip -+

For example, restart the Shell and enter itertools.count(. A calltip - appears because Idle imports itertools into the user process for its own use. --(This could change.) Enter turtle.write( and nothing appears. Idle does -+(This could change.) Enter turtle.write( and nothing appears. Idle does - not import turtle. The menu or shortcut do nothing either. Enter --import turtle and then turtle.write( will work.

-+import turtle and then turtle.write( will work.

In an editor, import statements have no effect until one runs the file. One - might want to run a file after writing the import statements at the top, - or immediately run an existing file before editing.

-@@ -445,17 +445,17 @@ -

24.6.2.4. Python Shell window¶

C-c interrupts executing command
-+
C-c interrupts executing command
-
C-d sends end-of-file; closes window if typed at a >>> prompt
-+
C-d sends end-of-file; closes window if typed at a >>> prompt
-
Alt-/ (Expand word) is also useful to reduce typing
-+
Alt-/ (Expand word) is also useful to reduce typing
-
Command history
-
- Alt-p retrieves previous command matching what you have typed. On --OS X use C-p.
- Alt-n retrieves next. On OS X use C-n.
- Return while on any previous command retrieves that command
- Alt-p retrieves previous command matching what you have typed. On -+OS X use C-p.
- Alt-n retrieves next. On OS X use C-n.
- Return while on any previous command retrieves that command
-

-@@ -465,8 +465,8 @@ -

Idle defaults to black on white text, but colors text with special meanings. - For the shell, these are shell output, shell error, user output, and - user error. For Python code, at the shell prompt or in an editor, these are --keywords, builtin class and function names, names following class and --def, strings, and comments. For any text window, these are the cursor (when -+keywords, builtin class and function names, names following class and -+def, strings, and comments. For any text window, these are the cursor (when - present), found text (when possible), and selected text.

Text coloring is done in the background, so uncolorized text is occasionally - visible. To change the color scheme, use the Configure IDLE dialog -@@ -476,15 +476,15 @@ -

24.6.3. Startup and code execution¶

Upon startup with the -s option, IDLE will execute the file referenced by --the environment variables IDLESTARTUP or PYTHONSTARTUP. --IDLE first checks for IDLESTARTUP; if IDLESTARTUP is present the file --referenced is run. If IDLESTARTUP is not present, IDLE checks for --PYTHONSTARTUP. Files referenced by these environment variables are -+

Upon startup with the -s option, IDLE will execute the file referenced by -+the environment variables IDLESTARTUP or PYTHONSTARTUP. -+IDLE first checks for IDLESTARTUP; if IDLESTARTUP is present the file -+referenced is run. If IDLESTARTUP is not present, IDLE checks for -+PYTHONSTARTUP. Files referenced by these environment variables are - convenient places to store functions that are used frequently from the IDLE - shell, or for executing import statements to import common modules.

In addition, Tk also loads a startup file if it is present. Note that the --Tk file is loaded unconditionally. This additional file is .Idle.py and is -+

In addition, Tk also loads a startup file if it is present. Note that the -+Tk file is loaded unconditionally. This additional file is .Idle.py and is - looked for in the user’s home directory. Statements in this file will be - executed in the Tk namespace, so this file is not useful for importing - functions to be used from IDLE’s Python shell.

-@@ -505,12 +505,12 @@ -

If there are arguments:

If -, -c, or r is used, all arguments are placed in --sys.argv[1:...] and sys.argv[0] is set to '', '-c', --or '-r'. No editor window is opened, even if that is the default -+
If -, -c, or r is used, all arguments are placed in -+sys.argv[1:...] and sys.argv[0] is set to '', '-c', -+or '-r'. No editor window is opened, even if that is the default - set in the Options dialog.
Otherwise, arguments are files opened for editing and --sys.argv reflects the arguments passed to IDLE itself.

sys.argv

-@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ -

Previous topic

24.5. turtle — Turtle graphics for Tk

turtle

Next topic

24.7. Other Graphical User Interface Packages

- -- --

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24.6. IDLE¶

24.6.2. Editing and navigation¶

24.6.2.1. Automatic indentation¶

24.6.2.3. Calltips¶

24.6.2.4. Python Shell window¶

24.6.3. Startup and code execution¶

FastCGI Environment

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24.6. IDLE¶

24.6.2. Editing and navigation¶

24.6.2.1. Automatic indentation¶

24.6.2.3. Calltips¶

24.6.2.4. Python Shell window¶

24.6.3. Startup and code execution¶

24.6.3.2. IDLE-console differences¶