diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/CHANGELOG.md ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/CHANGELOG.md
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/CHANGELOG.md	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/CHANGELOG.md	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -4,6 +4,18 @@
 
 ### bug fix
 
+## 2.3.1 (May 2, 2019)
+
+### enhancements
+
+* Add ability to skip validations by passing `:skip_validations` option. (by [@chumakoff](https://github.com/chumakoff))
+* Add option `scope: shallow` to extend scopes based on enumerized attribute values (by [@moofkit](https://github.com/moofkit/))
+
+### bug fix
+
+* Fix issue with ActiveRecord and Mongoid `reload` method when enumberized attributes weren't synced from DB. (by [@nashby](https://github.com/nashby) and [@FunkyloverOne](https://github.com/FunkyloverOne))
+* Fix issue with ActiveRecord `reload` method not working for ActiveRecord::Store attributes due to `1b776c`. (by [@rickcsong](https://github.com/rickcsong))
+
 ## 2.2.2 (March 6, 2018)
 
 ### bug fix
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/debian/changelog ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/debian/changelog
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/debian/changelog	2018-06-21 22:34:08.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/debian/changelog	2020-09-09 20:54:51.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,28 @@
+ruby-enumerize (2.3.1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
+
+  [ Utkarsh Gupta ]
+  * Add salsa-ci.yml
+
+  [ Debian Janitor ]
+  * Bump debhelper from old 11 to 12.
+  * Set debhelper-compat version in Build-Depends.
+  * Set upstream metadata fields: Bug-Database, Bug-Submit, Repository,
+    Repository-Browse.
+
+  [ Cédric Boutillier ]
+  * Update team name
+  * Add .gitattributes to keep unwanted files out of the source package
+  * New upstream version 2.3.1
+  * Refresh upstream metadata
+  * Use gem install layout
+  * Standards-Version bumped to 4.5.0 (no changes needed)
+  * Debhelper compatibility level switched to 13
+  * Explicitly don't require root in debian/rules
+  * Drop explicit dependency on ruby interpreter
+  * Refresh patch
+
+ -- Cédric Boutillier <boutil@debian.org>  Wed, 09 Sep 2020 22:54:51 +0200
+
 ruby-enumerize (2.2.2-1) unstable; urgency=medium
 
   * New upstream version 2.2.2
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/debian/compat ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/debian/compat
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/debian/compat	2018-06-21 22:34:08.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/debian/compat	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-11
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/debian/control ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/debian/control
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/debian/control	2018-06-21 22:34:08.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/debian/control	2020-09-09 20:54:51.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,31 +1,31 @@
 Source: ruby-enumerize
 Section: ruby
 Priority: optional
-Maintainer: Debian Ruby Extras Maintainers <pkg-ruby-extras-maintainers@lists.alioth.debian.org>
+Maintainer: Debian Ruby Team <pkg-ruby-extras-maintainers@lists.alioth.debian.org>
 Uploaders: Cédric Boutillier <boutil@debian.org>
-Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 11~),
-               gem2deb,
+Build-Depends: debhelper-compat (= 13),
+               gem2deb (>= 1),
                ruby-minitest,
                ruby-rails,
-               ruby-rspec,
+               rake,
                ruby-sequel,
                ruby-sqlite3
-Standards-Version: 4.1.4
+Standards-Version: 4.5.0
 Vcs-Git: https://salsa.debian.org/ruby-team/ruby-enumerize.git
 Vcs-Browser: https://salsa.debian.org/ruby-team/ruby-enumerize
 Homepage: https://github.com/brainspec/enumerize
 Testsuite: autopkgtest-pkg-ruby
 XS-Ruby-Versions: all
+Rules-Requires-Root: no
 
 Package: ruby-enumerize
 Architecture: all
 XB-Ruby-Versions: ${ruby:Versions}
-Depends: ruby | ruby-interpreter,
-         ruby-activesupport (>= 3.2~),
-         ruby-i18n,
-         ${misc:Depends},
-         ${shlibs:Depends}
-Recommends: ruby-rspec-expectations
+Depends: ${misc:Depends},
+         ${ruby:Depends},
+         ${shlibs:Depends},
+         ruby-activesupport (>= 3.2),
+         ruby-i18n
 Description: enumerated attributes with internationalisation
  This library implements enumerated attributes, with internationalisation
  support, to provide translation of the attributes in various languages.
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/debian/patches/disable_some_tests.patch ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/debian/patches/disable_some_tests.patch
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/debian/patches/disable_some_tests.patch	2018-06-21 22:34:08.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/debian/patches/disable_some_tests.patch	2020-09-09 20:54:51.000000000 +0000
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
  debian/ruby-tests.rake.
 Author: Cédric Boutillier <boutil@debian.org>
 Forwarded: not-needed
-Last-Update: 2015-08-12
+Last-Update: 2020-09-09
 
 --- a/test/test_helper.rb
 +++ b/test/test_helper.rb
-@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
+@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  require 'minitest/spec'
  require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting'
  require 'active_model'
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  require 'rails'
  begin
    require 'mongoid'
-@@ -11,11 +12,6 @@
+@@ -13,11 +14,6 @@
  module RailsAdmin
  end
  
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/debian/ruby-tests.rake ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/debian/ruby-tests.rake
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/debian/ruby-tests.rake	2018-06-21 22:34:08.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/debian/ruby-tests.rake	2020-09-09 20:54:51.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,17 +1,9 @@
+require 'gem2deb/rake/testtask'
 
-require 'rake/testtask'
-require 'rspec/core/rake_task'
-
-Rake::TestTask.new do |t|
+Gem2Deb::Rake::TestTask.new do |t|
   t.libs << 'test'
   t.test_files = FileList.new('test/*_test.rb') do |fl|
     fl.exclude(/formtastic|simple_form/)
   end
-  t.verbose = true
-end
-
-RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new('default') do |t|
-  #t.pattern = 'test/rspec_spec.rb'
 end
 
-task :default => :test
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/debian/rules ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/debian/rules
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/debian/rules	2018-06-21 22:34:08.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/debian/rules	2020-09-09 20:54:51.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,18 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/make -f
-#export DH_VERBOSE=1
-#
-# Uncomment to ignore all test failures (but the tests will run anyway)
-#export DH_RUBY_IGNORE_TESTS=all
-#
-# Uncomment to ignore some test failures (but the tests will run anyway).
-# Valid values:
-#export DH_RUBY_IGNORE_TESTS=ruby2.1 ruby2.2
-#
-# If you need to specify the .gemspec (eg there is more than one)
-#export DH_RUBY_GEMSPEC=gem.gemspec
-#
-# Uncomment to check dependencies during build:
-# export GEM2DEB_TEST_RUNNER = --check-dependencies
+
+export GEM2DEB_TEST_RUNNER = --check-dependencies
+export DH_RUBY = --gem-install
 
 %:
 	dh $@ --buildsystem=ruby --with ruby
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/debian/upstream/metadata ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/debian/upstream/metadata
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/debian/upstream/metadata	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/debian/upstream/metadata	2020-09-09 20:54:51.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+Archive: GitHub
+Bug-Database: https://github.com/brainspec/enumerize/issues
+Bug-Submit: https://github.com/brainspec/enumerize/issues/new
+Changelog: https://github.com/brainspec/enumerize/tags
+Repository: https://github.com/brainspec/enumerize.git
+Repository-Browse: https://github.com/brainspec/enumerize
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/Gemfile.global ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/Gemfile.global
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/Gemfile.global	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/Gemfile.global	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 gem 'rake'
 gem 'rspec', :require => false
 
-gem 'sqlite3', :platform => [:ruby, :mswin, :mingw]
+gem 'sqlite3', '~> 1.3.6', :platform => [:ruby, :mswin, :mingw]
 gem 'pg', '~> 0.21.0', :platform => [:ruby, :mswin, :mingw]
 gem 'sequel'
 
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/activemodel.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/activemodel.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/activemodel.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/activemodel.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Enumerize
   module ActiveModelAttributesSupport
     def enumerize(name, options={})
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/activerecord.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/activerecord.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/activerecord.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/activerecord.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Enumerize
   module ActiveRecordSupport
     def enumerize(name, options={})
@@ -50,6 +52,28 @@
 
         became
       end
+
+      def reload(options = nil)
+        reloaded = super
+
+        reloaded.class.enumerized_attributes.each do |attr|
+          begin
+            # Checks first if the enumerized attribute is in ActiveRecord::Store
+            store_attr, _ = reloaded.class.stored_attributes.detect do |store_attr, keys|
+              keys.include?(attr.name)
+            end
+
+            if store_attr.present?
+              reloaded.send("#{attr.name}=", reloaded.send(store_attr).with_indifferent_access[attr.name])
+            else
+              reloaded.send("#{attr.name}=", reloaded[attr.name])
+            end
+          rescue ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
+          end
+        end
+
+        reloaded
+      end
     end
 
     module RelationMethods
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/attribute_map.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/attribute_map.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/attribute_map.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/attribute_map.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Enumerize
   class AttributeMap
     attr_reader :attributes
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/attribute.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/attribute.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/attribute.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/attribute.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Enumerize
   class Attribute
-    attr_reader :klass, :name, :values, :default_value, :i18n_scope
+    attr_reader :klass, :name, :values, :default_value, :i18n_scope, :skip_validations_value
 
     def initialize(klass, name, options={})
       raise ArgumentError, ':in option is required' unless options[:in]
@@ -11,21 +13,23 @@
       @klass  = klass
       @name   = name.to_sym
 
-      value_class = options.fetch(:value_class, Value)
-      @values = Array(options[:in]).map { |v| value_class.new(self, *v) }
-
-      @value_hash = Hash[@values.map { |v| [v.value.to_s, v] }]
-      @value_hash.merge! Hash[@values.map { |v| [v.to_s, v] }]
-
       if options[:i18n_scope]
         raise ArgumentError, ':i18n_scope option accepts only String or Array of strings' unless Array(options[:i18n_scope]).all? { |s| s.is_a?(String) }
         @i18n_scope = options[:i18n_scope]
       end
 
+      value_class = options.fetch(:value_class, Value)
+      @values = Array(options[:in]).map { |v| value_class.new(self, *v).freeze }
+
+      @value_hash = Hash[@values.map { |v| [v.value.to_s, v] }]
+      @value_hash.merge! Hash[@values.map { |v| [v.to_s, v] }]
+
       if options[:default]
         @default_value = find_default_value(options[:default])
         raise ArgumentError, 'invalid default value' unless @default_value
       end
+
+      @skip_validations_value = options.fetch(:skip_validations, false)
     end
 
     def find_default_value(value)
@@ -44,11 +48,15 @@
       values.map { |value| find_value(value) }.compact
     end
 
+    def each_value
+      values.each { |value| yield value }
+    end
+
     def i18n_scopes
       @i18n_scopes ||= if i18n_scope
-        scopes = Array(i18n_scope)
+        Array(i18n_scope)
       elsif @klass.respond_to?(:model_name)
-        scopes = ["enumerize.#{@klass.model_name.i18n_key}.#{name}"]
+        ["enumerize.#{@klass.model_name.i18n_key}.#{name}"]
       else
         []
       end
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/base.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/base.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/base.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/base.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Enumerize
   module Base
     def self.included(base)
@@ -72,6 +74,9 @@
 
     def _validate_enumerized_attributes
       self.class.enumerized_attributes.each do |attr|
+        skip_validations = Utils.call_if_callable(attr.skip_validations_value, self)
+        next if skip_validations
+
         value = read_attribute_for_validation(attr.name)
         next if value.blank?
 
@@ -96,12 +101,7 @@
           value_for_validation = _enumerized_values_for_validation[attr.name.to_s]
 
           if (!attr_value || attr_value.empty?) && (!value_for_validation || value_for_validation.empty?)
-            value = attr.default_value
-
-            if value.respond_to?(:call)
-              value = value.arity == 0 ? value.call : value.call(self)
-            end
-
+            value = Utils.call_if_callable(attr.default_value, self)
             public_send("#{attr.name}=", value)
           end
         rescue ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/hooks/formtastic.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/hooks/formtastic.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/hooks/formtastic.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/hooks/formtastic.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'active_support/concern'
 
 module Enumerize
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/hooks/sequel_dataset.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/hooks/sequel_dataset.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/hooks/sequel_dataset.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/hooks/sequel_dataset.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Enumerize
   module Hooks
     module SequelDataset
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/hooks/simple_form.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/hooks/simple_form.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/hooks/simple_form.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/hooks/simple_form.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'active_support/concern'
 
 module Enumerize
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/hooks/uniqueness.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/hooks/uniqueness.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/hooks/uniqueness.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/hooks/uniqueness.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'active_support/concern'
 
 module Enumerize
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/integrations/rails_admin.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/integrations/rails_admin.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/integrations/rails_admin.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/integrations/rails_admin.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Enumerize
   module Integrations
     module RailsAdmin
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/integrations/rspec/matcher.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/integrations/rspec/matcher.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/integrations/rspec/matcher.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/integrations/rspec/matcher.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Enumerize
   module Integrations
     module RSpec
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/integrations/rspec.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/integrations/rspec.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/integrations/rspec.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/integrations/rspec.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'enumerize/integrations/rspec/matcher'
 
 module Enumerize
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/module_attributes.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/module_attributes.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/module_attributes.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/module_attributes.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Enumerize
   module ModuleAttributes
     def included(base)
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/module.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/module.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/module.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/module.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Enumerize
   class Module < ::Module
     attr_reader :_class_methods
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/mongoid.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/mongoid.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/mongoid.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/mongoid.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Enumerize
   module MongoidSupport
     def enumerize(name, options={})
@@ -5,9 +7,23 @@
 
       _enumerize_module.dependent_eval do
         if self < ::Mongoid::Document
+          include InstanceMethods
+
           after_initialize :_set_default_value_for_enumerized_attributes
         end
       end
     end
+
+    module InstanceMethods
+      def reload
+        reloaded = super
+
+        reloaded.class.enumerized_attributes.each do |attr|
+          reloaded.send("#{attr.name}=", reloaded[attr.name])
+        end
+
+        reloaded
+      end
+    end
   end
 end
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/predicatable.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/predicatable.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/predicatable.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/predicatable.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Enumerize
   module Predicatable
     def respond_to_missing?(method, include_private=false)
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/predicates.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/predicates.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/predicates.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/predicates.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
 
 module Enumerize
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/scope/activerecord.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/scope/activerecord.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/scope/activerecord.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/scope/activerecord.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Enumerize
   module Scope
     module ActiveRecord
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@
       private
 
       def _define_activerecord_scope_methods!(name, options)
+        return _define_activerecord_shallow_scopes!(name) if options[:scope] == :shallow
+
         scope_name = options[:scope] == true ? "with_#{name}" : options[:scope]
 
         define_singleton_method scope_name do |*values|
@@ -32,6 +36,14 @@
           end
         end
       end
+
+      def _define_activerecord_shallow_scopes!(attribute_name)
+        enumerized_attributes[attribute_name].each_value do |value_obj|
+          define_singleton_method(value_obj) do
+            where(attribute_name => value_obj.value)
+          end
+        end
+      end
     end
   end
 end
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/scope/mongoid.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/scope/mongoid.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/scope/mongoid.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/scope/mongoid.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Enumerize
   module Scope
     module Mongoid
@@ -16,6 +18,7 @@
       private
 
       def _define_mongoid_scope_methods!(name, options)
+        return _define_mongoid_shallow_scopes!(name) if options[:scope] == :shallow
         scope_name = options[:scope] == true ? "with_#{name}" : options[:scope]
 
         define_singleton_method scope_name do |*values|
@@ -30,6 +33,14 @@
           end
         end
       end
+
+      def _define_mongoid_shallow_scopes!(attribute_name)
+        enumerized_attributes[attribute_name].each_value do |value_obj|
+          define_singleton_method(value_obj) do
+            self.in(attribute_name => value_obj.value)
+          end
+        end
+      end
     end
   end
 end
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/scope/sequel.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/scope/sequel.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/scope/sequel.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/scope/sequel.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Enumerize
   module Scope
     module Sequel
@@ -18,6 +20,8 @@
       private
 
       def _define_sequel_scope_methods!(name, options)
+        return _define_sequel_shallow_scopes!(name) if options[:scope] == :shallow
+
         klass = self
         scope_name = options[:scope] == true ? "with_#{name}" : options[:scope]
 
@@ -35,6 +39,14 @@
           end
         end
       end
+
+      def _define_sequel_shallow_scopes!(attribute_name)
+        enumerized_attributes[attribute_name].each_value do |value_obj|
+          def_dataset_method(value_obj) do
+            where(attribute_name => value_obj.value.to_s)
+          end
+        end
+      end
     end
   end
 end
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/sequel.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/sequel.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/sequel.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/sequel.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Enumerize
   module SequelSupport
     def enumerize(name, options={})
@@ -17,8 +19,11 @@
     module InstanceMethods
       def validate
         super
-        
+
         self.class.enumerized_attributes.each do |attr|
+          skip_validations = Utils.call_if_callable(attr.skip_validations_value, self)
+          next if skip_validations
+
           value = read_attribute_for_validation(attr.name)
           next if value.blank?
 
@@ -38,13 +43,13 @@
         if defined?(Sequel::Plugins::Serialization::InstanceMethods)
           modules = self.class.ancestors
           plugin_idx = modules.index(Sequel::Plugins::Serialization::InstanceMethods)
-          
+
           if plugin_idx && plugin_idx < modules.index(Enumerize::SequelSupport::InstanceMethods)
             abort "ERROR: You need to enable the Sequel serialization plugin before calling any enumerize methods on a model."
           end
-          
+
           plugin_idx = modules.index(Sequel::Plugins::ValidationHelpers::InstanceMethods)
-          
+
           if plugin_idx && plugin_idx < modules.index(Enumerize::SequelSupport::InstanceMethods)
             abort "ERROR: You need to enable the Sequel validation_helpers plugin before calling any enumerize methods on a model."
           end
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/set.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/set.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/set.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/set.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'active_support/core_ext/module/delegation'
 
 module Enumerize
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/utils.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/utils.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/utils.rb	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/utils.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Enumerize
+  module Utils
+    class << self
+      def call_if_callable(value, param = nil)
+        return value unless value.respond_to?(:call)
+        value.arity == 0 ? value.call : value.call(param)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/value.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/value.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/value.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/value.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'i18n'
 
 module Enumerize
@@ -11,10 +13,16 @@
       @value = value.nil? ? name.to_s : value
 
       super(name.to_s)
+
+      @i18n_keys = @attr.i18n_scopes.map { |s| :"#{s}.#{self}" }
+      @i18n_keys << :"enumerize.defaults.#{@attr.name}.#{self}"
+      @i18n_keys << :"enumerize.#{@attr.name}.#{self}"
+      @i18n_keys << self.underscore.humanize # humanize value if there are no translations
+      @i18n_keys
     end
 
     def text
-      I18n.t(i18n_keys[0], :default => i18n_keys[1..-1])
+      I18n.t(@i18n_keys[0], :default => @i18n_keys[1..-1])
     end
 
     def ==(other)
@@ -30,19 +38,5 @@
     def predicate_call(value)
       value == self
     end
-
-    def i18n_keys
-      @i18n_keys ||= begin
-        i18n_keys = i18n_scopes
-        i18n_keys << :"enumerize.defaults.#{@attr.name}.#{self}"
-        i18n_keys << :"enumerize.#{@attr.name}.#{self}"
-        i18n_keys << self.underscore.humanize # humanize value if there are no translations
-        i18n_keys
-      end
-    end
-
-    def i18n_scopes
-      @attr.i18n_scopes.map { |s| :"#{s}.#{self}" }
-    end
   end
 end
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/version.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/version.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize/version.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize/version.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Enumerize
-  VERSION = '2.2.2'
+  VERSION = '2.3.1'
 end
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/enumerize.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/enumerize.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'active_support/concern'
 require 'enumerize/version'
 
@@ -10,6 +12,7 @@
   autoload :Module,       'enumerize/module'
   autoload :Predicates,   'enumerize/predicates'
   autoload :Predicatable, 'enumerize/predicatable'
+  autoload :Utils,        'enumerize/utils'
   autoload :ModuleAttributes, 'enumerize/module_attributes'
 
   autoload :ActiveModelAttributesSupport, 'enumerize/activemodel'
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/sequel/plugins/enumerize.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/sequel/plugins/enumerize.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/lib/sequel/plugins/enumerize.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/lib/sequel/plugins/enumerize.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Sequel
   module Plugins
     module Enumerize
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/Rakefile ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/Rakefile
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/Rakefile	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/Rakefile	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env rake
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require "bundler/gem_tasks"
 
 require 'rake/testtask'
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/README.md ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/README.md
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/README.md	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/README.md	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -58,6 +58,18 @@
 end
 ```
 
+:warning: By default, `enumerize` adds `inclusion` validation to the model. You can skip validations by passing `skip_validations` option. :warning:
+
+```ruby
+class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+  extend Enumerize
+
+  enumerize :sex, in: [:male, :female], skip_validations: lambda { |user| user.new_record? }
+
+  enumerize :role, in: [:user, :admin], skip_validations: true
+end
+```
+
 Mongoid:
 
 ```ruby
@@ -256,6 +268,24 @@
 # SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."status" IN (2) AND "users"."sex" IN ('male', 'female')
 ```
 
+Shallow scopes:
+
+Adds named scopes to the class directly
+
+```ruby
+class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+  extend Enumerize
+  enumerize :sex, :in => [:male, :female], scope: :shallow
+  enumerize :status, :in => { active: 1, blocked: 2 }, scope: :shallow
+end
+
+User.male
+# SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."sex" = 'male'
+
+User.active
+# SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."status" = 1
+```
+
 :warning: It is not possible to define a scope when using the `:multiple` option. :warning:
 
 Array-like attributes with plain ruby objects:
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/spec/enumerize/integrations/rspec/matcher_spec.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/spec/enumerize/integrations/rspec/matcher_spec.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/spec/enumerize/integrations/rspec/matcher_spec.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/spec/enumerize/integrations/rspec/matcher_spec.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'active_record'
 
 silence_warnings do
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/spec/spec_helper.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/spec/spec_helper.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/spec/spec_helper.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/spec/spec_helper.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'rails'
 require 'enumerize'
 require 'rspec/matchers/fail_matchers'
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/activemodel_test.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/activemodel_test.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/activemodel_test.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/activemodel_test.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'test_helper'
 
 if defined?(::ActiveModel::Attributes)
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/activerecord_test.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/activerecord_test.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/activerecord_test.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/activerecord_test.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -44,7 +44,10 @@
     t.string :name
     t.string :interests
     t.integer :status
+    t.text :settings
+    t.integer :skill
     t.string :account_type, :default => :basic
+    t.string :foo
   end
 
   create_table :documents do |t|
@@ -78,13 +81,18 @@
   extend Enumerize
   include RoleEnum
 
-  enumerize :sex, :in => [:male, :female]
+  store :settings, accessors: [:language]
+
+  enumerize :sex, :in => [:male, :female], scope: :shallow
+  enumerize :language, :in => [:en, :jp]
 
   serialize :interests, Array
   enumerize :interests, :in => [:music, :sports, :dancing, :programming], :multiple => true
 
   enumerize :status, :in => { active: 1, blocked: 2 }, scope: true
 
+  enumerize :skill, :in => { noob: 0, casual: 1, pro: 2 }, scope: :shallow
+
   enumerize :account_type, :in => [:basic, :premium]
 
   # There is no column for relationship enumeration for testing purposes: model
@@ -103,6 +111,26 @@
   validates :interests, presence: true
 end
 
+class SkipValidationsUser < ActiveRecord::Base
+  self.table_name = "users"
+  include SkipValidationsEnum
+end
+
+class  DoNotSkipValidationsUser < ActiveRecord::Base
+  self.table_name = "users"
+  include DoNotSkipValidationsEnum
+end
+
+class SkipValidationsLambdaUser < ActiveRecord::Base
+  self.table_name = "users"
+  include SkipValidationsLambdaEnum
+end
+
+class SkipValidationsLambdaWithParamUser < ActiveRecord::Base
+  self.table_name = "users"
+  include SkipValidationsLambdaWithParamEnum
+end
+
 describe Enumerize::ActiveRecordSupport do
   it 'sets nil if invalid value is passed' do
     user = User.new
@@ -128,6 +156,21 @@
     end
   end
 
+  it 'sets nil if invalid stored attribute value is passed' do
+    user = User.new
+    user.language = :invalid
+    user.language.must_be_nil
+  end
+
+  it 'saves stored attribute value' do
+    User.delete_all
+    user = User.new
+    user.language = :en
+    user.save!
+    user.reload
+    user.language.must_equal 'en'
+  end
+
   it 'has default value' do
     User.new.role.must_equal 'user'
     User.new.attributes['role'].must_equal 'user'
@@ -173,6 +216,14 @@
     user.errors[:role].must_include 'is not included in the list'
   end
 
+  it 'sets value to enumerized field from db when record is reloaded' do
+    user = User.create!(interests: [:music])
+    User.find(user.id).update(interests: %i[music dancing])
+    user.interests.must_equal %w[music]
+    user.reload
+    user.interests.must_equal %w[music dancing]
+  end
+
   it 'validates inclusion when using write_attribute with string attribute' do
     user = User.new
     user.send(:write_attribute, 'role', 'wrong')
@@ -212,6 +263,31 @@
     user.read_attribute(:role).must_be_nil
   end
 
+  it 'validates inclusion when :skip_validations = false' do
+    user = DoNotSkipValidationsUser.new
+    user.foo = 'wrong'
+    user.wont_be :valid?
+    user.errors[:foo].must_include 'is not included in the list'
+  end
+
+  it 'does not validate inclusion when :skip_validations = true' do
+    user = SkipValidationsUser.new
+    user.foo = 'wrong'
+    user.must_be :valid?
+  end
+
+  it 'supports :skip_validations option as lambda' do
+    user = SkipValidationsLambdaUser.new
+    user.foo = 'wrong'
+    user.must_be :valid?
+  end
+
+  it 'supports :skip_validations option as lambda with a parameter' do
+    user = SkipValidationsLambdaWithParamUser.new
+    user.foo = 'wrong'
+    user.must_be :valid?
+  end
+
   it 'supports multiple attributes' do
     user = User.new
     user.interests.must_be_empty
@@ -263,7 +339,11 @@
   it 'stores custom values for multiple attributes' do
     User.delete_all
 
-    klass = Class.new(User)
+    klass = Class.new(User) do
+      def self.name
+        'UserSubclass'
+      end
+    end
     klass.enumerize :interests, in: { music: 0, sports: 1, dancing: 2, programming: 3}, multiple: true
 
     user = klass.new
@@ -281,6 +361,7 @@
 
     user_1 = User.create!(status: :active, role: :admin)
     user_2 = User.create!(status: :blocked)
+    user_3 = User.create!(sex: :male, skill: :pro)
 
     User.with_status(:active).must_equal [user_1]
     User.with_status(:blocked).must_equal [user_2]
@@ -289,7 +370,8 @@
     User.without_status(:active).must_equal [user_2]
     User.without_status(:active, :blocked).must_equal []
 
-    User.having_role(:admin).must_equal [user_1]
+    User.male.must_equal [user_3]
+    User.pro.must_equal [user_3]
   end
 
   it 'ignores not enumerized values that passed to the scope method' do
@@ -433,7 +515,11 @@
   it 'allows using update_all for multiple enumerize' do
     User.delete_all
 
-    klass = Class.new(User)
+    klass = Class.new(User) do
+      def self.name
+        'UserSubclass'
+      end
+    end
     klass.enumerize :interests, in: { music: 0, sports: 1, dancing: 2, programming: 3}, multiple: true
 
     user = klass.create(status: :active)
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/attribute_map_test.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/attribute_map_test.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/attribute_map_test.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/attribute_map_test.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'test_helper'
 
 module Enumerize
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/attribute_test.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/attribute_test.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/attribute_test.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/attribute_test.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'test_helper'
 
 describe Enumerize::Attribute do
@@ -14,6 +16,11 @@
     attr.values.must_equal %w[a b]
   end
 
+  it 'returns frozen values' do
+    build_attr nil, :foo, :in => [:a, :b]
+    attr.values.map(&:frozen?).must_equal [true, true]
+  end
+
   it 'converts name to symbol' do
     build_attr nil, 'foo', :in => %w[a b]
     attr.name.must_equal :foo
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/base_test.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/base_test.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/base_test.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/base_test.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'test_helper'
 
 describe Enumerize::Base do
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@
 
   it 'scopes translation by i18n key' do
     def kklass.model_name
-      name = "ExampleClass"
+      name = String.new("ExampleClass")
       def name.i18n_key
         'example_class'
       end
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/formtastic_test.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/formtastic_test.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/formtastic_test.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/formtastic_test.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'test_helper'
 
 Formtastic::FormBuilder.action_class_finder = Formtastic::ActionClassFinder
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/module_attributes_test.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/module_attributes_test.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/module_attributes_test.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/module_attributes_test.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'test_helper'
 
 class ModuleAttributesSpec < MiniTest::Spec
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/mongoid_test.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/mongoid_test.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/mongoid_test.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/mongoid_test.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'test_helper'
 
 begin
@@ -18,10 +20,16 @@
 
     field :sex
     field :role
+    field :foo
+    field :skill
+
     enumerize :sex,    :in => %w[male female], scope: true
     enumerize :status, :in => %w[notice warning error], scope: true
     enumerize :role,   :in => %w[admin user], :default => 'user', scope: :having_role
     enumerize :mult,   :in => %w[one two three four], :multiple => true
+    enumerize :foo,    :in => %w[bar baz], :skip_validations => true
+    enumerize :skill,  :in => { noob: 0, casual: 1, pro: 2 }, scope: :shallow
+    enumerize :account_type, :in => %w[basic premium], scope: :shallow
   end
 
   before { $VERBOSE = nil }
@@ -78,6 +86,20 @@
     user.wont_be :valid?
   end
 
+  it 'does not validate inclusion when :skip_validations option passed' do
+    user = model.new
+    user.foo = 'wrong'
+    user.must_be :valid?
+  end
+
+  it 'sets value to enumerized field from db when record is reloaded' do
+    user = model.create!(mult: [:one])
+    model.find(user.id).update(mult: %i[two three])
+    user.mult.must_equal %w[one]
+    user.reload
+    user.mult.must_equal %w[two three]
+  end
+
   it 'assigns value on loaded record' do
     model.delete_all
     model.create!(:sex => :male)
@@ -99,17 +121,21 @@
 
     user_1 = model.create!(sex: :male, role: :admin)
     user_2 = model.create!(sex: :female, role: :user)
+    user_3 = model.create!(skill: :pro, account_type: :premium)
 
     model.with_sex(:male).to_a.must_equal [user_1]
     model.with_sex(:female).to_a.must_equal [user_2]
     model.with_sex(:male, :female).to_set.must_equal [user_1, user_2].to_set
 
-    model.without_sex(:male).to_a.must_equal [user_2]
-    model.without_sex(:female).to_a.must_equal [user_1]
-    model.without_sex(:male, :female).to_a.must_equal []
+    model.without_sex(:male).to_set.must_equal [user_2, user_3].to_set
+    model.without_sex(:female).to_set.must_equal [user_1, user_3].to_set
+    model.without_sex(:male, :female).to_a.must_equal [user_3]
 
     model.having_role(:admin).to_a.must_equal [user_1]
-    model.having_role(:user).to_a.must_equal [user_2]
+    model.having_role(:user).to_a.must_equal [user_2, user_3]
+
+    model.pro.to_a.must_equal [user_3]
+    model.premium.to_a.must_equal [user_3]
   end
 
   it 'chains scopes' do
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/mongo_mapper_test.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/mongo_mapper_test.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/mongo_mapper_test.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/mongo_mapper_test.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'test_helper'
 
 begin
@@ -16,9 +18,11 @@
 
     key :sex
     key :role
+    key :foo
 
-    enumerize :sex, :in => %w[male female]
+    enumerize :sex,  :in => %w[male female]
     enumerize :role, :in => %w[admin user], :default => 'user'
+    enumerize :foo,  :in => %w[bar baz], :skip_validations => true
   end
 
   before { $VERBOSE = nil }
@@ -60,6 +64,12 @@
     user.wont_be :valid?
   end
 
+  it 'does not validate inclusion when :skip_validations option passed' do
+    user = model.new
+    user.foo = 'wrong'
+    user.must_be :valid?
+  end
+
   it 'assigns value on loaded record' do
     model.delete_all
     model.create!(:sex => :male)
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/multiple_test.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/multiple_test.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/multiple_test.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/multiple_test.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'test_helper'
 
 describe Enumerize::Base do
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/predicates_test.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/predicates_test.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/predicates_test.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/predicates_test.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'test_helper'
 
 describe Enumerize::Predicates do
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/rails_admin_test.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/rails_admin_test.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/rails_admin_test.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/rails_admin_test.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'test_helper'
 
 class RailsAdminSpec < MiniTest::Spec
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/sequel_test.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/sequel_test.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/sequel_test.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/sequel_test.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'test_helper'
 require 'sequel'
 require 'logger'
@@ -21,7 +23,9 @@
     String :name
     String :interests
     String :status
+    Integer :skill
     String :account_type, default: "basic"
+    String :foo
   end
 
   DB.create_table :documents do
@@ -50,12 +54,14 @@
     plugin :enumerize
     include RoleEnum
 
-    enumerize :sex, :in => [:male, :female]
+    enumerize :sex, :in => [:male, :female], scope: :shallow
 
     enumerize :interests, :in => [:music, :sports, :dancing, :programming], :multiple => true
 
     enumerize :status, :in => { active: 1, blocked: 2 }, scope: true
 
+    enumerize :skill, :in => { noob: 0, casual: 1, pro: 2 }, scope: :shallow
+
     enumerize :account_type, :in => [:basic, :premium]
   end
 
@@ -67,6 +73,22 @@
     end
   end
 
+  class SkipValidationsUser < Sequel::Model(:users)
+    include SkipValidationsEnum
+  end
+
+  class DoNotSkipValidationsUser < Sequel::Model(:users)
+    include DoNotSkipValidationsEnum
+  end
+
+  class SkipValidationsLambdaUser < Sequel::Model(:users)
+    include SkipValidationsLambdaEnum
+  end
+
+  class SkipValidationsLambdaWithParamUser < Sequel::Model(:users)
+    include SkipValidationsLambdaWithParamEnum
+  end
+
   describe Enumerize::SequelSupport do
     it 'sets nil if invalid value is passed' do
       user = User.new
@@ -150,6 +172,31 @@
       user.values[:role].must_be_nil
     end
 
+    it 'validates inclusion when :skip_validations = false' do
+      user = DoNotSkipValidationsUser.new
+      user.foo = 'wrong'
+      user.wont_be :valid?
+      user.errors[:foo].must_include 'is not included in the list'
+    end
+
+    it 'does not validate inclusion when :skip_validations = true' do
+      user = SkipValidationsUser.new
+      user.foo = 'wrong'
+      user.must_be :valid?
+    end
+
+    it 'supports :skip_validations option as lambda' do
+      user = SkipValidationsLambdaUser.new
+      user.foo = 'wrong'
+      user.must_be :valid?
+    end
+
+    it 'supports :skip_validations option as lambda with a parameter' do
+      user = SkipValidationsLambdaWithParamUser.new
+      user.foo = 'wrong'
+      user.must_be :valid?
+    end
+
     it 'supports multiple attributes' do
       user = User.new
       user.interests ||= []
@@ -212,6 +259,7 @@
 
       user_1 = User.create(status: :active, role: :admin)
       user_2 = User.create(status: :blocked)
+      user_3 = User.create(sex: :male, skill: :pro)
 
       User.with_status(:active).to_a.must_equal [user_1]
       User.with_status(:blocked).to_a.must_equal [user_2]
@@ -221,6 +269,8 @@
       User.without_status(:active, :blocked).to_a.must_equal []
 
       User.having_role(:admin).to_a.must_equal [user_1]
+      User.male.to_a.must_equal [user_3]
+      User.pro.to_a.must_equal [user_3]
     end
 
     it 'allows either key or value as valid' do
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/set_test.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/set_test.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/set_test.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/set_test.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'test_helper'
 require 'yaml'
 
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/simple_form_test.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/simple_form_test.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/simple_form_test.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/simple_form_test.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'test_helper'
 require 'simple_form/version'
 
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/support/mock_controller.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/support/mock_controller.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/support/mock_controller.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/support/mock_controller.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 class MockController
   attr_writer :action_name
 
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/support/shared_enums.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/support/shared_enums.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/support/shared_enums.rb	1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/support/shared_enums.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'active_record'
+require 'sequel'
+
+module EnumerizeExtention
+  def self.included(base)
+    case
+    when base < ActiveRecord::Base
+      base.extend Enumerize
+    when base < Sequel::Model
+      base.plugin :enumerize
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module SkipValidationsEnum
+  def self.included(base)
+    base.include EnumerizeExtention
+    base.enumerize :foo, :in => [:bar, :baz], :skip_validations => true
+  end
+end
+
+module DoNotSkipValidationsEnum
+  def self.included(base)
+    base.include EnumerizeExtention
+    base.enumerize :foo, :in => [:bar, :baz], :skip_validations => false
+  end
+end
+
+module SkipValidationsLambdaEnum
+  def self.included(base)
+    base.include EnumerizeExtention
+    base.enumerize :foo, :in => [:bar, :baz], :skip_validations => lambda { true }
+  end
+end
+
+module SkipValidationsLambdaWithParamEnum
+  def self.included(base)
+    base.include EnumerizeExtention
+    base.enumerize :foo, :in => [:bar, :baz], :skip_validations => lambda { |record| true }
+  end
+end
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/support/view_test_helper.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/support/view_test_helper.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/support/view_test_helper.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/support/view_test_helper.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'active_support/concern'
 require 'active_support/testing/setup_and_teardown'
 
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/test_helper.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/test_helper.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/test_helper.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/test_helper.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'minitest/autorun'
 require 'minitest/spec'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting'
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/value_test.rb ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/value_test.rb
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/test/value_test.rb	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/test/value_test.rb	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'test_helper'
 require 'yaml'
 
 describe Enumerize::Value do
-  class Attr < Struct.new(:values)
+  class Attr < Struct.new(:values, :name, :i18n_scopes)
   end
 
-  let(:attr) { Attr.new([]) }
-  let(:val)  { Enumerize::Value.new(attr, 'test_value', 1) }
+  let(:attr) { Attr.new([], "attribute_name", []) }
+  let(:val) { Enumerize::Value.new(attr, 'test_value', 1) }
 
   it 'is a string' do
     val.must_be_kind_of String
@@ -30,7 +32,6 @@
   end
 
   describe 'translation' do
-    let(:attr)  { Struct.new(:values, :name, :i18n_scopes).new([], "attribute_name", []) }
 
     it 'uses common translation' do
       store_translations(:en, :enumerize => {:attribute_name => {:test_value => "Common translation"}}) do
diff -Nru ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/.travis.yml ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/.travis.yml
--- ruby-enumerize-2.2.2/.travis.yml	2018-06-21 22:27:48.000000000 +0000
+++ ruby-enumerize-2.3.1/.travis.yml	2019-05-06 13:59:05.000000000 +0000
@@ -10,10 +10,17 @@
   - Gemfile.rails52
   - Gemfile.mongo_mapper
 rvm:
-  - 2.2.7
-  - 2.3.3
-  - 2.4.1
+  - 2.2.9
+  - 2.3.6
+  - 2.4.3
+  - 2.5.0
   - jruby-9.1.14.0
+before_install:
+  # Rubygems > 3.0.0 no longer supported rubies < 2.3
+  - gem install "rubygems-update:<3.0.0" --no-document && update_rubygems
+  # Bundler 2.0 is not supported by Rails < 5
+  - gem list -i bundler -v '>= 2.0.0' && rvm @global do gem uninstall bundler -x || true
+  - gem install bundler -v '< 2'
 env:
   global:
     - DB_USER=postgres