Harvard-Oxford cortical and subcortical structural atlases
+Probabilistic atlases covering 48 cortical and 21 + subcortical structural areas, derived from structural data + and segmentations kindly provided by + the Harvard + Center for Morphometric Analysis.
+T1-weighted images of 21 healthy male and 16 healthy + female subjects (ages 18-50) were individually segmented + by the CMA using semi-automated tools developed + in-house. The T1-weighted images were affine-registered to + MNI152 space using FLIRT (FSL), and the transforms then + applied to the individual labels. Finally, these were + combined across subjects to form population probability + maps for each label.
+We are very grateful to the following for providing the + segmentations used to create these atlases: David Kennedy + and Christian + Haselgrove, Centre for + Morphometric Analysis, Harvard; Bruce Fischl, + the Martinos Center + for Biomedical Imaging, MGH (NIH grants + P41-RR14075, R01 RR16594-01A1, R01 NS052585-01); Janis + Breeze and Jean Frazier from + the Child + and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Research Program, + Cambridge Health Alliance; Larry Seidman and Jill + Goldstein from + the Department of + Psychiatry of Harvard Medical School.
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+ 
Jülich histological (cyto- and myelo-architectonic) atlas
+ +A probabilistic atlas created by averaging multi-subject + post-mortem cyto- and myelo-architectonic segmentations, + performed by the team of Profs Zilles and Amunts at the Research + Center Jülich and kindly provided by Simon + Eickhoff.
+ +The atlas contains 32 grey matter structures and 10 white + matter structures. This is the same data as used in + Eickhoff's + Anatomy Toolbox v1.5. The atlas is based on the + miscroscopic and quantitative histological examination of + ten human post-mortem brains. The histological volumes of + these brains were 3D reconstructed and spatially + normalised into the space of the MNI single subject + template to create a probabilistic map of each area. For + the FSL version of this atlas, these probabilistic maps + were then linearly transformed into MNI152 space.
+ +Main references (to reference individual + structures' maps, please see the publication list at the start + of the Anatomy Toolbox manual):
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+
- Amunts et al. Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing 3: + Molecules, Neurons and Systems, ch18. Springer (2006) +
- Eickhoff et al. A new SPM toolbox for combining + probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps and functional imaging + data. Neuroimage 25(4):1325-35 (2005) +
- Toga et al. Towards multimodal atlases of the human + brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 7:952-966 (2006) +
- Eickhoff et al., Assignment of functional activations to probabilistic cytoarchitectonic areas revisited. NeuroImage, 36(3): 511-521 (2007) +
JHU DTI-based white-matter atlases
+There are two white-matter atlases, both kindly provided + by Dr. Susumu + Mori, Laboratory of + Brain Anatomical MRI, Johns Hopkins + University:
+ +In the ICBM-DTI-81 white-matter labels atlas, 50 white + matter tract labels were created by hand segmentation of a + standard-space average of diffusion MRI tensor maps from + 81 subjects; mean age 39 (18:59), M:42, F: 39. The + diffusion data was kindly provided by the ICBM DTI + workgroup.
+ +In the JHU white-matter tractography atlas, 20 + structures were identified probabilistically by averaging + the results of running deterministic tractography on 28 + normal subjects (mean age 29, M:17, F:11).
+ +References: +
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+
- Mori et al. MRI Atlas of Human White + Matter. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands + (2005) +
- Wakana et al. Reproducibility of quantitative tractography methods applied to cerebral white matter. NeuroImage 36:630-644 (2007) +
- Hua et al. Tract probability maps in stereotaxic spaces: analysis of white matter anatomy and tract-specific quantification. NeuroImage, in press +
Oxford thalamic connectivity atlas
+A probabilistic atlas of 7 sub-thalamic regions, segmented according to their + white-matter connectivity to cortical areas, kindly provided + by Heidi Johansen-Berg and Timothy Behrens, FMRIB.
+This connectivity atlas reports probability of anatomical + connection from points in the thalamus to each of 7 cortical + zones. These probabilties are calculated using + probabilistic diffusion tractography in multiple + subjects. For more details see + the Thalamic + Connectivity Atlas web page.
+References:
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+
- Behrens et al. Non-invasive mapping of connections + between human thalamus and cortex using diffusion imaging. Nature + Neuroscience 6(7):750-757 (2003) +
- Behrens et al. Characterisation and propagation of + uncertainty in diffusion weighted MR imaging. Magnetic Resonance in + Medicine 50:1077-1088 (2003)
A conversion of the original Talairach structural + labellings, kindly provided by Jack Lancaster and Diana + Tordesillas Gutiérrez at + the Research Imaging + Center, UTHSCSA, Texas.
+This is a digitised version of the original (coarsely + sliced) Talairach atlas (Lancaster 2000) after the + application of a correcting affine transform (Lancaster + 2007) to register it into MNI152 space.
+References: +
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+
- Talairach et al. Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the + human brain. Thieme, New York. (1988) +
- Lancaster et al. Bias between MNI and Talairach + coordinates analyzed using the ICBM-152 brain + template. Human Brain Mapping (in press) (2007) +
- Lancaster et al. Automated Talairach Atlas labels for + functional brain mapping. Human Brain Mapping 10:120-131 (2000) +
9 anatomical structural regions, kindly provided by Jack + Lancaster at + the Research Imaging + Center, UTHSCSA, Texas (originally from + the McConnell + Brain Imaging Centre, MNI).
+A single subject's structural image was hand segmented, + and the labels were then propagated to more than 50 + subjects' structural images using nonlinear + registration. Each resulting labelled brain was then + transformed into MNI152 space using affine registration, + before averaging segmentations across subjects to produce + the final probability images. For more details see the + Talairach Daemon.
+References: +
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+
- Collins et al. Automatic 3-D model-based + neuroanatomical segmentation. Human Brain Mapping + 3(3): 190-208. (1995) +
- Mazziotta et al. A probabilistic atlas and reference + system for the human brain: International Consortium + for Brain Mapping (ICBM). Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. B + Biol. Sci. 356(1412):1293-1322 (2001) +
