-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- |
-- Module      :  Distribution.Simple.Command
-- Copyright   :  Duncan Coutts 2007
--
-- Maintainer  :  cabal-devel@haskell.org
-- Portability :  portable
--
-- This is to do with command line handling. The Cabal command line is
-- organised into a number of named sub-commands (much like darcs). The
-- 'CommandUI' abstraction represents one of these sub-commands, with a name,
-- description, a set of flags. Commands can be associated with actions and
-- run. It handles some common stuff automatically, like the @--help@ and
-- command line completion flags. It is designed to allow other tools make
-- derived commands. This feature is used heavily in @cabal-install@.

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module Distribution.Simple.Command (

  -- * Command interface
  CommandUI(..),
  commandShowOptions,
  CommandParse(..),
  commandParseArgs,

  -- ** Constructing commands
  ShowOrParseArgs(..),
  makeCommand,

  -- ** Associating actions with commands
  Command,
  commandAddAction,
  noExtraFlags,

  -- ** Running commands
  commandsRun,

-- * Option Fields
  OptionField(..), Name,

-- ** Constructing Option Fields
  option, multiOption,

-- ** Liftings & Projections
  liftOption, viewAsFieldDescr,

-- * Option Descriptions
  OptDescr(..), Description, SFlags, LFlags, OptFlags, ArgPlaceHolder,

-- ** OptDescr 'smart' constructors
  MkOptDescr,
  reqArg, reqArg', optArg, optArg', noArg,
  boolOpt, boolOpt', choiceOpt, choiceOptFromEnum

  ) where

import Control.Monad
import Data.Char (isAlpha, toLower)
import Data.List (sortBy)
import Data.Maybe
import Data.Monoid
import qualified Distribution.GetOpt as GetOpt
import Distribution.Text
         ( Text(disp, parse) )
import Distribution.ParseUtils
import Distribution.ReadE
import Distribution.Simple.Utils (die, intercalate)
import Text.PrettyPrint    ( punctuate, cat, comma, text, empty)

data CommandUI flags = CommandUI {
    -- | The name of the command as it would be entered on the command line.
    -- For example @\"build\"@.
    commandName        :: String,
    -- | A short, one line description of the command to use in help texts.
    commandSynopsis :: String,
    -- | The useage line summary for this command
    commandUsage    :: String -> String,
    -- | Additional explanation of the command to use in help texts.
    commandDescription :: Maybe (String -> String),
    -- | Initial \/ empty flags
    commandDefaultFlags :: flags,
    -- | All the Option fields for this command
    commandOptions     :: ShowOrParseArgs -> [OptionField flags]
  }

data ShowOrParseArgs = ShowArgs | ParseArgs

type Name        = String
type Description = String

-- | We usually have a datatype for storing configuration values, where
--   every field stores a configuration option, and the user sets
--   the value either via command line flags or a configuration file.
--   An individual OptionField models such a field, and we usually
--   build a list of options associated to a configuration datatype.
data OptionField a = OptionField {
  optionName        :: Name,
  optionDescr       :: [OptDescr a] }

-- | An OptionField takes one or more OptDescrs, describing the command line interface for the field.
data OptDescr a  = ReqArg Description OptFlags ArgPlaceHolder (ReadE (a->a))         (a -> [String])
                 | OptArg Description OptFlags ArgPlaceHolder (ReadE (a->a)) (a->a)  (a -> [Maybe String])
                 | ChoiceOpt [(Description, OptFlags, a->a, a -> Bool)]
                 | BoolOpt Description OptFlags{-True-} OptFlags{-False-} (Bool -> a -> a) (a-> Maybe Bool)

-- | Short command line option strings
type SFlags   = [Char]
-- | Long command line option strings
type LFlags   = [String]
type OptFlags = (SFlags,LFlags)
type ArgPlaceHolder = String


-- | Create an option taking a single OptDescr.
--   No explicit Name is given for the Option, the name is the first LFlag given.
option :: SFlags -> LFlags -> Description -> get -> set -> MkOptDescr get set a -> OptionField a
option sf lf@(n:_) d get set arg = OptionField n [arg sf lf d get set]
option _ _ _ _ _ _ = error "Distribution.command.option: An OptionField must have at least one LFlag"

-- | Create an option taking several OptDescrs.
--   You will have to give the flags and description individually to the OptDescr constructor.
multiOption :: Name -> get -> set
            -> [get -> set -> OptDescr a]  -- ^MkOptDescr constructors partially applied to flags and description.
            -> OptionField a
multiOption n get set args = OptionField n [arg get set | arg <- args]

type MkOptDescr get set a = SFlags -> LFlags -> Description -> get -> set -> OptDescr a

-- | Create a string-valued command line interface.
reqArg :: Monoid b => ArgPlaceHolder -> ReadE b -> (b -> [String])
                   -> MkOptDescr (a -> b) (b -> a -> a) a
reqArg ad mkflag showflag sf lf d get set =
  ReqArg d (sf,lf) ad (fmap (\a b -> set (get b `mappend` a) b) mkflag) (showflag . get)

-- | Create a string-valued command line interface with a default value.
optArg :: Monoid b => ArgPlaceHolder -> ReadE b -> b -> (b -> [Maybe String])
                   -> MkOptDescr (a -> b) (b -> a -> a) a
optArg ad mkflag def showflag sf lf d get set  =
  OptArg d (sf,lf) ad (fmap (\a b -> set (get b `mappend` a) b) mkflag)
               (\b ->          set (get b `mappend` def) b)
               (showflag . get)

-- | (String -> a) variant of "reqArg"
reqArg' :: Monoid b => ArgPlaceHolder -> (String -> b) -> (b -> [String])
                    -> MkOptDescr (a -> b) (b -> a -> a) a
reqArg' ad mkflag showflag =
    reqArg ad (succeedReadE mkflag) showflag

-- | (String -> a) variant of "optArg"
optArg' :: Monoid b => ArgPlaceHolder -> (Maybe String -> b) -> (b -> [Maybe String])
                    -> MkOptDescr (a -> b) (b -> a -> a) a
optArg' ad mkflag showflag =
    optArg ad (succeedReadE (mkflag . Just)) def showflag
      where def = mkflag Nothing

noArg :: (Eq b, Monoid b) => b -> MkOptDescr (a -> b) (b -> a -> a) a
noArg flag sf lf d = choiceOpt [(flag, (sf,lf), d)] sf lf d

boolOpt :: (b -> Maybe Bool) -> (Bool -> b) -> SFlags -> SFlags -> MkOptDescr (a -> b) (b -> a -> a) a
boolOpt g s sfT sfF _sf _lf@(n:_) d get set =
    BoolOpt d (sfT, ["enable-"++n]) (sfF, ["disable-"++n]) (set.s) (g.get)
boolOpt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = error "Distribution.Simple.Setup.boolOpt: unreachable"

boolOpt' :: (b -> Maybe Bool) -> (Bool -> b) -> OptFlags -> OptFlags -> MkOptDescr (a -> b) (b -> a -> a) a
boolOpt' g s ffT ffF _sf _lf d get set = BoolOpt d ffT ffF (set.s) (g . get)

-- | create a Choice option
choiceOpt :: Eq b => [(b,OptFlags,Description)] -> MkOptDescr (a -> b) (b -> a -> a) a
choiceOpt aa_ff _sf _lf _d get set  = ChoiceOpt alts
    where alts = [(d,flags, set alt, (==alt) . get) | (alt,flags,d) <- aa_ff]

-- | create a Choice option out of an enumeration type.
--   As long flags, the Show output is used. As short flags, the first character
--   which does not conflict with a previous one is used.
choiceOptFromEnum :: (Bounded b, Enum b, Show b, Eq b) => MkOptDescr (a -> b) (b -> a -> a) a
choiceOptFromEnum _sf _lf d get = choiceOpt [ (x, (sf, [map toLower $ show x]), d')
                                                | (x, sf) <- sflags'
                                                , let d' = d ++ show x]
                                            _sf _lf d get
    where sflags' = foldl f [] [firstOne..]
          f prev x = let prevflags = concatMap snd prev in
                     prev ++ take 1 [(x, [toLower sf]) | sf <- show x, isAlpha sf
                                                       , toLower sf `notElem` prevflags]
          firstOne = minBound `asTypeOf` get undefined

commandGetOpts :: ShowOrParseArgs -> CommandUI flags -> [GetOpt.OptDescr (flags -> flags)]
commandGetOpts showOrParse command =
    concatMap viewAsGetOpt (commandOptions command showOrParse)

viewAsGetOpt :: OptionField a -> [GetOpt.OptDescr (a->a)]
viewAsGetOpt (OptionField _n aa) = concatMap optDescrToGetOpt aa
  where
    optDescrToGetOpt (ReqArg d (cs,ss) arg_desc set _) =
         [GetOpt.Option cs ss (GetOpt.ReqArg set' arg_desc) d]
             where set' = readEOrFail set
    optDescrToGetOpt (OptArg d (cs,ss) arg_desc set def _) =
         [GetOpt.Option cs ss (GetOpt.OptArg set' arg_desc) d]
             where set' Nothing    = def
                   set' (Just txt) = readEOrFail set txt
    optDescrToGetOpt (ChoiceOpt alts) =
         [GetOpt.Option sf lf (GetOpt.NoArg set) d | (d,(sf,lf),set,_) <- alts ]
    optDescrToGetOpt (BoolOpt d (sfT,lfT) (sfF, lfF) set _) =
         [ GetOpt.Option sfT lfT (GetOpt.NoArg (set True))  ("Enable " ++ d)
         , GetOpt.Option sfF lfF (GetOpt.NoArg (set False)) ("Disable " ++ d) ]

-- | to view as a FieldDescr, we sort the list of interfaces (Req > Bool > Choice > Opt) and consider only the first one.
viewAsFieldDescr :: OptionField a -> FieldDescr a
viewAsFieldDescr (OptionField _n []) = error "Distribution.command.viewAsFieldDescr: unexpected"
viewAsFieldDescr (OptionField n dd) = FieldDescr n get set
    where optDescr = head $ sortBy cmp dd
          ReqArg{}    `cmp` ReqArg{}    = EQ
          ReqArg{}    `cmp` _           = GT
          BoolOpt{}   `cmp` ReqArg{}    = LT
          BoolOpt{}   `cmp` BoolOpt{}   = EQ
          BoolOpt{}   `cmp` _           = GT
          ChoiceOpt{} `cmp` ReqArg{}    = LT
          ChoiceOpt{} `cmp` BoolOpt{}   = LT
          ChoiceOpt{} `cmp` ChoiceOpt{} = EQ
          ChoiceOpt{} `cmp` _           = GT
          OptArg{}    `cmp` OptArg{}    = EQ
          OptArg{}    `cmp` _           = LT
          get t = case optDescr of
                    ReqArg _ _ _ _ ppr ->
                     (cat . punctuate comma . map text . ppr) t
                    OptArg _ _ _ _ _ ppr ->
                     case ppr t of
                        []        -> empty
                        (Nothing : _) -> text "True"
                        (Just a  : _) -> text a
                    ChoiceOpt alts ->
                     fromMaybe empty $ listToMaybe
                         [ text lf | (_,(_,lf:_), _,enabled) <- alts, enabled t]
                    BoolOpt _ _ _ _ enabled -> (maybe empty disp . enabled) t
          set line val a =
                  case optDescr of
                    ReqArg _ _ _ readE _    -> ($ a) `liftM` runE line n readE val
                                             -- We parse for a single value instead of a list,
                                             -- as one can't really implement parseList :: ReadE a -> ReadE [a]
                                             -- with the current ReadE definition
                    ChoiceOpt{}             -> case getChoiceByLongFlag optDescr val of
                                                 Just f -> return (f a)
                                                 _      -> syntaxError line val
                    BoolOpt _ _ _ setV _    -> (`setV` a) `liftM` runP line n parse val
                    OptArg _ _ _ _readE _ _ -> -- The behaviour in this case is not clear, and it has no use so far,
                                               -- so we avoid future surprises by not implementing it.
                                               error "Command.optionToFieldDescr: feature not implemented"

getChoiceByLongFlag :: OptDescr b -> String -> Maybe (b->b)
getChoiceByLongFlag (ChoiceOpt alts) val = listToMaybe [ set | (_,(_sf,lf:_), set, _) <- alts
                                                             , lf == val]

getChoiceByLongFlag _ _ = error "Distribution.command.getChoiceByLongFlag: expected a choice option"

getCurrentChoice :: OptDescr a -> a -> [String]
getCurrentChoice (ChoiceOpt alts) a =
    [ lf | (_,(_sf,lf:_), _, currentChoice) <- alts, currentChoice a]

getCurrentChoice _ _ = error "Command.getChoice: expected a Choice OptDescr"


liftOption :: (b -> a) -> (a -> (b -> b)) -> OptionField a -> OptionField b
liftOption get' set' opt = opt { optionDescr = liftOptDescr get' set' `map` optionDescr opt}


liftOptDescr :: (b -> a) -> (a -> (b -> b)) -> OptDescr a -> OptDescr b
liftOptDescr get' set' (ChoiceOpt opts) =
    ChoiceOpt [ (d, ff, liftSet get' set' set , (get . get'))
              | (d, ff, set, get) <- opts]

liftOptDescr get' set' (OptArg d ff ad set def get) =
    OptArg d ff ad (liftSet get' set' `fmap` set) (liftSet get' set' def) (get . get')

liftOptDescr get' set' (ReqArg d ff ad set get) =
    ReqArg d ff ad (liftSet get' set' `fmap` set) (get . get')

liftOptDescr get' set' (BoolOpt d ffT ffF set get) =
    BoolOpt d ffT ffF (liftSet get' set' . set) (get . get')

liftSet :: (b -> a) -> (a -> (b -> b)) -> (a -> a) -> b -> b
liftSet get' set' set x = set' (set $ get' x) x

-- | Show flags in the standard long option command line format
commandShowOptions :: CommandUI flags -> flags -> [String]
commandShowOptions command v = concat
  [ showOptDescr v  od | o <- commandOptions command ParseArgs
                       , od <- optionDescr o]
  where
    showOptDescr :: a -> OptDescr a -> [String]
    showOptDescr x (BoolOpt _ (_,lfT:_) (_,lfF:_) _ enabled)
      = case enabled x of
          Nothing -> []
          Just True  -> ["--" ++ lfT]
          Just False -> ["--" ++ lfF]
    showOptDescr x c@ChoiceOpt{}
      = ["--" ++ val | val <- getCurrentChoice c x]
    showOptDescr x (ReqArg _ (_ssff,lf:_) _ _ showflag)
      = [ "--"++lf++"="++flag
        | flag <- showflag x ]
    showOptDescr x (OptArg _ (_ssff,lf:_) _ _ _ showflag)
      = [ case flag of
            Just s  -> "--"++lf++"="++s
            Nothing -> "--"++lf
        | flag <- showflag x ]
    showOptDescr _ _
      = error "Distribution.Simple.Command.showOptDescr: unreachable"


commandListOptions :: CommandUI flags -> [String]
commandListOptions command =
  concatMap listOption $
    addCommonFlags ShowArgs $ -- This is a slight hack, we don't want
                              -- "--list-options" showing up in the
                              -- list options output, so use ShowArgs
      commandGetOpts ShowArgs command
  where
    listOption (GetOpt.Option shortNames longNames _ _) =
         [ "-"  ++ [name] | name <- shortNames ]
      ++ [ "--" ++  name  | name <- longNames ]

-- | The help text for this command with descriptions of all the options.
commandHelp :: CommandUI flags -> String -> String
commandHelp command pname =
    commandUsage command pname
 ++ (GetOpt.usageInfo ""
  . addCommonFlags ShowArgs
  $ commandGetOpts ShowArgs command)
 ++ case commandDescription command of
      Nothing   -> ""
      Just desc -> '\n': desc pname

-- | Make a Command from standard 'GetOpt' options.
makeCommand :: String                         -- ^ name
            -> String                         -- ^ short description
            -> Maybe (String -> String)       -- ^ long description
            -> flags                          -- ^ initial\/empty flags
            -> (ShowOrParseArgs -> [OptionField flags]) -- ^ options
            -> CommandUI flags
makeCommand name shortDesc longDesc defaultFlags options =
  CommandUI {
    commandName         = name,
    commandSynopsis     = shortDesc,
    commandDescription  = longDesc,
    commandUsage        = usage,
    commandDefaultFlags = defaultFlags,
    commandOptions      = options
  }
  where usage pname = "Usage: " ++ pname ++ " " ++ name ++ " [FLAGS]\n\n"
                   ++ "Flags for " ++ name ++ ":"

-- | Common flags that apply to every command
data CommonFlag = HelpFlag | ListOptionsFlag

commonFlags :: ShowOrParseArgs -> [GetOpt.OptDescr CommonFlag]
commonFlags showOrParseArgs = case showOrParseArgs of
  ShowArgs  -> [help]
  ParseArgs -> [help, list]
 where
    help = GetOpt.Option helpShortFlags ["help"] (GetOpt.NoArg HelpFlag)
             "Show this help text"
    helpShortFlags = case showOrParseArgs of
      ShowArgs  -> ['h']
      ParseArgs -> ['h', '?']
    list = GetOpt.Option [] ["list-options"] (GetOpt.NoArg ListOptionsFlag)
             "Print a list of command line flags"

addCommonFlags :: ShowOrParseArgs
               -> [GetOpt.OptDescr a]
               -> [GetOpt.OptDescr (Either CommonFlag a)]
addCommonFlags showOrParseArgs options =
     map (fmapOptDesc Left)  (commonFlags showOrParseArgs)
  ++ map (fmapOptDesc Right) options
  where fmapOptDesc f (GetOpt.Option s l d m) =
                       GetOpt.Option s l (fmapArgDesc f d) m
        fmapArgDesc f (GetOpt.NoArg a)    = GetOpt.NoArg (f a)
        fmapArgDesc f (GetOpt.ReqArg s d) = GetOpt.ReqArg (f . s) d
        fmapArgDesc f (GetOpt.OptArg s d) = GetOpt.OptArg (f . s) d

-- | Parse a bunch of command line arguments
--
commandParseArgs :: CommandUI flags
                 -> Bool      -- ^ Is the command a global or subcommand?
                 -> [String]
                 -> CommandParse (flags -> flags, [String])
commandParseArgs command global args =
  let options = addCommonFlags ParseArgs
              $ commandGetOpts ParseArgs command
      order | global    = GetOpt.RequireOrder
            | otherwise = GetOpt.Permute
  in case GetOpt.getOpt' order options args of
    (flags, _, _,  _)
      | any listFlag flags -> CommandList (commandListOptions command)
      | any helpFlag flags -> CommandHelp (commandHelp command)
      where listFlag (Left ListOptionsFlag) = True; listFlag _ = False
            helpFlag (Left HelpFlag)        = True; helpFlag _ = False
    (flags, opts, opts', [])
      | global || null opts' -> CommandReadyToGo (accum flags, mix opts opts')
      | otherwise            -> CommandErrors (unrecognised opts')
    (_, _, _, errs)          -> CommandErrors errs

  where -- Note: It is crucial to use reverse function composition here or to
        -- reverse the flags here as we want to process the flags left to right
        -- but data flow in function compsition is right to left.
        accum flags = foldr (flip (.)) id [ f | Right f <- flags ]
        unrecognised opts = [ "unrecognized option `" ++ opt ++ "'\n"
                            | opt <- opts ]
        -- For unrecognised global flags we put them in the position just after
        -- the command, if there is one. This gives us a chance to parse them
        -- as sub-command rather than global flags.
        mix []     ys = ys
        mix (x:xs) ys = x:ys++xs

data CommandParse flags = CommandHelp (String -> String)
                        | CommandList [String]
                        | CommandErrors [String]
                        | CommandReadyToGo flags
instance Functor CommandParse where
  fmap _ (CommandHelp help)       = CommandHelp help
  fmap _ (CommandList opts)       = CommandList opts
  fmap _ (CommandErrors errs)     = CommandErrors errs
  fmap f (CommandReadyToGo flags) = CommandReadyToGo (f flags)


data Command action = Command String String ([String] -> CommandParse action)

commandAddAction :: CommandUI flags
                 -> (flags -> [String] -> action)
                 -> Command action
commandAddAction command action =
  Command (commandName command)
          (commandSynopsis command)
          (fmap (uncurry applyDefaultArgs)
         . commandParseArgs command False)

  where applyDefaultArgs mkflags args =
          let flags = mkflags (commandDefaultFlags command)
           in action flags args

commandsRun :: CommandUI a
            -> [Command action]
            -> [String]
            -> CommandParse (a, CommandParse action)
commandsRun globalCommand commands args =
  case commandParseArgs globalCommand' True args of
    CommandHelp      help          -> CommandHelp help
    CommandList      opts          -> CommandList (opts ++ commandNames)
    CommandErrors    errs          -> CommandErrors errs
    CommandReadyToGo (mkflags, args') -> case args' of
      ("help":cmdArgs) -> handleHelpCommand cmdArgs
      (name:cmdArgs) -> case lookupCommand name of
        [Command _ _ action] -> CommandReadyToGo (flags, action cmdArgs)
        _                    -> CommandReadyToGo (flags, badCommand name)
      []                     -> CommandReadyToGo (flags, noCommand)
     where flags = mkflags (commandDefaultFlags globalCommand)

 where
    lookupCommand cname = [ cmd | cmd@(Command cname' _ _) <- commands'
                          , cname'==cname ]
    noCommand        = CommandErrors ["no command given (try --help)\n"]
    badCommand cname = CommandErrors ["unrecognised command: " ++ cname
                                   ++ " (try --help)\n"]
    commands'      = commands ++ [commandAddAction helpCommandUI undefined]
    commandNames   = [ name | Command name _ _ <- commands' ]
    globalCommand' = globalCommand {
      commandUsage = \pname ->
           (case commandUsage globalCommand pname of
             ""       -> ""
             original -> original ++ "\n")
        ++ "Usage: " ++ pname ++ " COMMAND [FLAGS]\n"
        ++ "   or: " ++ pname ++ " [GLOBAL FLAGS]\n\n"
        ++ "Global flags:",
      commandDescription = Just $ \pname ->
           "Commands:\n"
        ++ unlines [ "  " ++ align name ++ "    " ++ description
                   | Command name description _ <- commands' ]
        ++ case commandDescription globalCommand of
             Nothing   -> ""
             Just desc -> '\n': desc pname
    }
      where maxlen = maximum [ length name | Command name _ _ <- commands' ]
            align str = str ++ replicate (maxlen - length str) ' '

    -- A bit of a hack: support "prog help" as a synonym of "prog --help"
    -- furthermore, support "prog help command" as "prog command --help"
    handleHelpCommand cmdArgs =
      case commandParseArgs helpCommandUI True cmdArgs of
        CommandHelp      help    -> CommandHelp help
        CommandList      list    -> CommandList (list ++ commandNames)
        CommandErrors    _       -> CommandHelp globalHelp
        CommandReadyToGo (_,[])  -> CommandHelp globalHelp
        CommandReadyToGo (_,(name:cmdArgs')) ->
          case lookupCommand name of
            [Command _ _ action] ->
              case action ("--help":cmdArgs') of
                CommandHelp help -> CommandHelp help
                CommandList _    -> CommandList []
                _                -> CommandHelp globalHelp
            _                    -> badCommand name

     where globalHelp = commandHelp globalCommand'
    helpCommandUI =
      (makeCommand "help" "Help about commands" Nothing () (const [])) {
        commandUsage = \pname ->
             "Usage: " ++ pname ++ " help [FLAGS]\n"
          ++ "   or: " ++ pname ++ " help COMMAND [FLAGS]\n\n"
          ++ "Flags for help:"
      }

-- | Utility function, many commands do not accept additional flags. This
-- action fails with a helpful error message if the user supplies any extra.
--
noExtraFlags :: [String] -> IO ()
noExtraFlags [] = return ()
noExtraFlags extraFlags =
  die $ "Unrecognised flags: " ++ intercalate ", " extraFlags
--TODO: eliminate this function and turn it into a variant on commandAddAction
--      instead like commandAddActionNoArgs that doesn't supply the [String]
