diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/debian/changelog hamexam-1.6.0/debian/changelog --- hamexam-1.5.0/debian/changelog 2016-01-19 20:32:45.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/debian/changelog 2018-07-16 19:59:24.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,3 +1,10 @@ +hamexam (1.6.0-1~jtn~cosmic) cosmic; urgency=medium + + * element 2 question pool effective 1 July 2018 errata 20180211 + * element 4 errata 20160305 + + -- John T. Nogatch Sun, 15 Jul 2018 18:39:02 -0700 + hamexam (1.5.0-1) unstable; urgency=medium * element 4 question pool effective 1 July 2016 diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/debian/copyright hamexam-1.6.0/debian/copyright --- hamexam-1.5.0/debian/copyright 2015-05-07 00:48:11.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/debian/copyright 2018-07-16 01:44:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ This work was packaged for Debian by: - John T. Nogatch on Wed, 6 May 2015 17:45:00 -0700 + John T. Nogatch on Sun, 15 July 2018 18:44:00 -0700 Upstream Author: @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Copyright: - Copyright (C) 2011-2015 John T. Nogatch + Copyright (C) 2011-2018 John T. Nogatch License: @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ The Debian packaging is: - Copyright (C) 2011-2015 John T. Nogatch + Copyright (C) 2011-2018 John T. Nogatch and is licensed under the GPL version 3, see above. diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/hamexam.1 hamexam-1.6.0/hamexam.1 --- hamexam-1.5.0/hamexam.1 2016-01-11 17:15:16.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/hamexam.1 2018-07-16 01:36:10.000000000 +0000 @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ In normal usage, one of the following options should be specified: .IP .B t -Element 2, the Technician Class pool (for examinations administered July 1, 2014 through June 30, 2018). This is the entry-level license. +Element 2, the Technician Class pool (for examinations administered July 1, 2018 through June 30, 2022). This is the entry-level license. .B g Element 3, the General Class pool (for examinations administered July 1, 2015 through June 30, 2019). Element 2 is also required. @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ .SH COPYRIGHT .B hamexam -is Copyright (c) 2011-2016 John Nogatch AC6SL . +is Copyright (c) 2011-2018 John Nogatch AC6SL . .B hamexam version 1.4.0 diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/ask.awk hamexam-1.6.0/share/ask.awk --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/ask.awk 2012-01-11 18:29:51.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/ask.awk 2018-07-15 22:17:22.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ # display question, possible answers, then process reply -# Copyright (C) 2011-2012 John Nogatch +# Copyright (C) 2011-2018 John Nogatch # collect info (NR==1){answer = $0; key = $2; gsub( /[^A-D]/, "", key); next} diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E0A04 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E0A04 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E0A04 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E0A04 2018-07-16 01:05:07.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ When evaluating a site with multiple transmitters operating at the same time, the operators and licensees of which transmitters are responsible for mitigating over-exposure situations? A. Only the most powerful transmitter B. Only commercial transmitters -C. Each transmitter that produces 5 percent or more of its MPE exposure limit at accessible locations +C. Each transmitter that produces 5 percent or more of its MPE limit at accessible locations D. Each transmitter operating with a duty-cycle greater than 50 percent diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E1A03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E1A03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E1A03 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E1A03 2018-07-16 01:18:55.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. Yes, because you were not the station calling CQ B. Yes, because the displayed frequency is within the 20 meter band C. No, the sideband will extend beyond the band edge -D. No, USA stations are not permitted to use phone emissions above 14.340 MHz +D. No, U.S. stations are not permitted to use phone emissions above 14.340 MHz diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E1C05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E1C05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E1C05 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E1C05 2018-07-16 01:21:59.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -E1C05 (A) [97.109] +E1C05 (A) [97.221(c)(1),[97.115(c)] When may an automatically controlled station originate third party communications? A. Never B. Only when transmitting RTTY or data emissions diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E1C13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E1C13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E1C13 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E1C13 2018-07-16 01:18:07.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ Which of the following is required in order to operate in accordance with CEPT rules in foreign countries where permitted? A. You must identify in the official language of the country in which you are operating B. The U.S. embassy must approve of your operation -C. You must bring a copy of FCC's Public Notice DA 11-221 +C. You must bring a copy of FCC Public Notice DA 11-221 D. You must append "/CEPT" to your call sign diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E1D09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E1D09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E1D09 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E1D09 2018-07-16 01:17:44.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ E1D09 (B) [97.207] Which UHF amateur service bands have frequencies available for a space station? -A. 70 cm -B. 70 cm, 13 cm +A. 70 cm only +B. 70 cm and 13 cm C. 70 cm and 33 cm D. 33 cm and 13 cm diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E3A01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E3A01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E3A01 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E3A01 2018-07-16 01:20:48.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. 500 miles, if the Moon is at perigee B. 2000 miles, if the Moon is at apogee C. 5000 miles, if the Moon is at perigee -D. 12,000 miles, if the Moon is visible by both +D. 12,000 miles, if the Moon is visible by both stations diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E3C08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E3C08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E3C08 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E3C08 2018-07-16 01:16:55.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ E3C08 (A) What does the space weather term G5 mean? -A. A severe geomagnetic storm +A. An extreme geomagnetic storm B. Very low solar activity C. Moderate solar wind D. Waning sunspot numbers diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E4B12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E4B12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E4B12 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E4B12 2018-07-16 01:16:20.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ E4B12 (A) -What is the significance of voltmeter sensitivity expressed in ohms per/volt? -A. The full scale reading of the voltmeter multiplied by its ohms per/volt rating will indicate the input impedance of the voltmeter -B. When used as a galvanometer, the reading in volts multiplied by the ohms/volt rating will determine the power drawn by the device under test -C. When used as an ohmmeter, the reading in ohms divided by the ohms/volt rating will determine the voltage applied to the circuit -D. When used as an ammeter, the full scale reading in amps divided by ohms/volt rating will determine the size of shunt needed +What is the significance of voltmeter sensitivity expressed in ohms per volt? +A. The full scale reading of the voltmeter multiplied by its ohms per volt rating will indicate the input impedance of the voltmeter +B. When used as a galvanometer, the reading in volts multiplied by the ohms volt rating will determine the power drawn by the device under test +C. When used as an ohmmeter, the reading in ohms divided by the ohms volt rating will determine the voltage applied to the circuit +D. When used as an ammeter, the full scale reading in amps divided by ohms volt rating will determine the size of shunt needed diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E4B13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E4B13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E4B13 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E4B13 2018-07-16 01:15:39.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ E4B13 (C) -Which S parameters is equivalent to forward gain? +Which S parameter is equivalent to forward gain? A. S11 B. S12 C. S21 diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E5A10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E5A10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E5A10 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E5A10 2018-07-16 01:15:13.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ E5A10 (A) -How is the Q of an RLC series resonant circuit defined? +How is the Q of an RLC series resonant circuit calculated? A. Reactance of either the inductance or capacitance divided by the resistance B. Reactance of either the inductance or capacitance times the resistance C. Resistance divided by the reactance of either the inductance or capacitance diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E5C05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E5C05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E5C05 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E5C05 2018-07-16 01:14:47.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ E5C05 (C) -What is the name of the diagram used to show the phase relationship between impedances and resistances at a given frequency? +What is the name of the diagram used to show the phase relationship between impedances at a given frequency? A. Venn diagram B. Near field diagram C. Phasor diagram diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E5C06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E5C06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E5C06 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E5C06 2018-07-16 01:14:14.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. 50 ohms resistance in series with 25 ohms inductive reactance B. 50 ohms resistance in series with 25 ohms capacitive reactance C. 25 ohms resistance in series with 50 ohms inductive reactance -D. 25 ohms resistance in series with 50 ohms inductive reactance +D. 25 ohms resistance in series with 50 ohms capacitive reactance diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E5D03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E5D03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E5D03 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E5D03 2018-07-16 01:13:45.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. Lightweight transmission line made of common zip cord B. Miniature coax used for low power applications C. Short lengths of coax mounted on printed circuit boards to minimize time delay between microwave circuits -D. Precision printed circuit leads above a ground plane that provide constant impedance interconnects at microwave frequencies +D. Precision printed circuit conductors above a ground plane that provide constant impedance interconnects at microwave frequencies diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E6A03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E6A03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E6A03 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E6A03 2018-07-16 01:12:52.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. Only P-type semiconductor material can conduct current B. Only N-type semiconductor material can conduct current C. Holes in P-type material and electrons in the N-type material are separated by the applied voltage, widening the depletion region -D. Excess holes in P-type material combine with the electrons in N-type material, converting, the entire diode into an insulator +D. Excess holes in P-type material combine with the electrons in N-type material, converting the entire diode into an insulator diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E6D03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E6D03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E6D03 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E6D03 2018-07-16 01:20:23.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ Which of the following is an aspect of the piezoelectric effect? A. Mechanical deformation of material by the application of a voltage B. Mechanical deformation of material by the application of a magnetic field -C. Generation of electrical energy in the presence light -D. Increased conductivity in the presence of applying light +C. Generation of electrical energy in the presence of light +D. Increased conductivity in the presence of light diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E6E02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E6E02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E6E02 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E6E02 2018-07-16 01:12:14.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ E6E02 (A) -What is the following device package is a through-hole type? +Which of the following device packages is a through-hole type? A. DIP B. PLCC C. Ball grid array diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E6E11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E6E11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E6E11 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E6E11 2018-07-16 01:11:17.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ E6E11 (D) -What are the characteristics of DIP packaging used for integrated circuit? +What is a characteristics of DIP packaging used for integrated circuit? A. Package mounts in a direct inverted position B. Low leakage doubly insulated package C. Two chips in each package (Dual In Package) diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E6F07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E6F07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E6F07 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E6F07 2018-07-16 01:10:30.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ E6F07 (B) What is a solid state relay? A. A relay using transistors to drive the relay coil -B. A device that uses semiconductor devices to implement the functions of an electromechanical relay +B. A device that uses semiconductors to implement the functions of an electromechanical relay C. A mechanical relay that latches in the on or off state each time it is pulsed D. A passive delay line diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E7A12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E7A12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E7A12 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E7A12 2018-07-16 01:09:47.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ E7A12 (C) -What type of logic which defines "0" as a high voltage? +What type of logic defines "0" as a high voltage? A. Reverse Logic B. Assertive Logic C. Negative logic diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E7B09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E7B09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E7B09 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E7B09 2018-07-16 01:09:19.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ E7B09 (D) -Which of the following describes how the loading and tuning capacitors are to be adjusted when tuning a vacuum tube RF power amplifier that employs a pi-network output circuit? +Which of the following describes how the loading and tuning capacitors are to be adjusted when tuning a vacuum tube RF power amplifier that employs a Pi-network output circuit? A. The loading capacitor is set to maximum capacitance and the tuning capacitor is adjusted for minimum allowable plate current B. The tuning capacitor is set to maximum capacitance and the loading capacitor is adjusted for minimum plate permissible current C. The loading capacitor is adjusted to minimum plate current while alternately adjusting the tuning capacitor for maximum allowable plate current diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E9A06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E9A06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E9A06 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E9A06 2018-07-16 01:08:06.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ E9A06 (D) -How does the beam-width of an antenna vary as the gain is increased? +How does the beamwidth of an antenna vary as the gain is increased? A. It increases geometrically B. It increases arithmetically C. It is essentially unaffected diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E9A07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E9A07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E9A07 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E9A07 2018-07-16 01:19:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. The ratio of the radiated signal strength of an antenna in the direction of maximum radiation to that of a reference antenna B. The ratio of the signal in the forward direction to that in the opposite direction C. The ratio of the amount of power radiated by an antenna compared to the transmitter output power -D. The final amplifier gain minus the transmission line +D. The final amplifier gain minus the transmission line losses diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E9F02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E9F02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E9F02 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E9F02 2018-07-16 01:07:26.000000000 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +E9F02 (C) +Which of the following determines the velocity factor of a transmission line? +A. The termination impedance +B. The line length +C. Dielectric materials used in the line +D. The center conductor resistivity diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E9H03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E9H03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/E/E9H03 2016-01-11 15:47:35.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/E/E9H03 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -E9H03 (A) -Why are directive arrays of very short wavelength vertical antennas often used for low band receiving antennas? -A. Atmospheric noise is so high that the efficiency loss due to shortening is not important -B. They are very high-impedance antennas providing wide bandwidth -C. They provide immunity to fading -D. They are easily erected high above the ground for maximum efficiency diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/hamexam hamexam-1.6.0/share/hamexam --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/hamexam 2016-01-11 17:14:08.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/hamexam 2018-07-15 22:21:43.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ #!/bin/sh # study ham exam question pools -# Copyright (C) 2011-2016 John Nogatch AC6SL +# Copyright (C) 2011-2018 John Nogatch AC6SL # dir where question pools reside? INSTALLDIR="$(dirname "$(readlink -f $0)")" @@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ "4" | [eE]* ) POOL="E";; "q" | *) echo "usage: hamexam {t|g|e|q}"; - echo "hamexam version 1.4.0"; - echo "Technician, Element 2 effective July-2014"; - echo "General, Element 3 effective July-2015"; - echo "Extra, Element 4 effective July-2016"; + echo "hamexam version 1.6.0"; + echo "Technician, Element 2 effective July-2018 until July-2022"; + echo "General, Element 3 effective July-2015 until July-2019"; + echo "Extra, Element 4 effective July-2016 until July-2020"; echo "hamexam is an interactive study guide for USA FCC amateur radio (ham radio) examinations."; echo "The 3 question pools are:"; echo " t element 2, Technician Class (entry level),"; diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/README hamexam-1.6.0/share/README --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/README 2016-01-11 17:12:21.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/README 2018-07-15 22:23:46.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ hamexam is the top-level script. It chooses a question and uses ask.awk to present each question and interpret the response. -The question pools were downloaded from http://www.ncvec.org/ and then split apart into a separate file for each question using the split.awk script, e.g. "vi 2016*.txt (set fileformat=unix); cd E; gawk -f ../split.awk ../2016*.txt". +The question pools were downloaded from http://www.ncvec.org/ and then split apart into a separate file for each question using the split.awk script, e.g. "vi T2016*.txt (set fileformat=unix); cd T; gawk -f ../split.awk ../T2016*.txt". The 3 element pools are stored in the T, G, and E directories. The question files will need to be updated when the pools expire or are modified. -The T*.png, G*.png, and E*.png files contain the diagrams needed to answer some of the questions. The .png files were derived from the .pdf files that accompany the question pool files on the ncvec.org sitei, e.g. "cd Epngs; pdftocairo -png ../2016*.pdf E". +The T*.png, G*.png, and E*.png files contain the diagrams needed to answer some of the questions. The .png files were derived from the .pdf files that accompany the question pool files on the ncvec.org sitei, e.g. "cd Epngs; pdftocairo -png ../2016*.pdf E". Alternatively, "convert T1.jpg T1.png". -# Copyright (C) 2011-2016 John Nogatch AC6SL +# Copyright (C) 2011-2018 John Nogatch AC6SL diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/split.awk hamexam-1.6.0/share/split.awk --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/split.awk 2016-01-11 17:13:15.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/split.awk 2018-07-15 22:24:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ # split question pool file into separate file for each question -# Copyright (C) 2011-2016 John Nogatch AC6SL +# Copyright (C) 2011-2018 John Nogatch AC6SL # recognize new question/answer info /^[EGT][0-9][A-Z][0-9][0-9] \([A-D])/{ diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0A02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0A02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0A02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0A02 2018-07-15 22:42:50.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T0A02 (D) -How does current flowing through the body cause a health hazard? -A. By heating tissue -B. It disrupts the electrical functions of cells -C. It causes involuntary muscle contractions +What health hazard is presented by electrical current flowing through the body? +A. It may cause injury by heating tissue +B. It may disrupt the electrical functions of cells +C. It may cause involuntary muscle contractions D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0A03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0A03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0A03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0A03 2018-07-15 22:42:59.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T0A03 (C) -What is connected to the green wire in a three-wire electrical AC plug? +In the United States, what is connected to the green wire in a threewire electrical AC plug? A. Neutral B. Hot -C. Safety ground +C. Equipment ground D. The white wire diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0A07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0A07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0A07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0A07 2018-07-15 22:41:52.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. Include a parallel bypass switch for each protector so that it can be switched out of the circuit when running high power B. Include a series switch in the ground line of each protector to prevent RF overload from inadvertently damaging the protector C. Keep the ground wires from each protector separate and connected to station ground -D. Ground all of the protectors to a common plate which is in turn connected to an external ground +D. Mount all of the protectors on a metal plate that is in turn connected to an external ground rod diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0A08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0A08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0A08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0A08 2018-07-15 22:43:30.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ What safety equipment should always be included in home-built equipment that is powered from 120V AC power circuits? A. A fuse or circuit breaker in series with the AC hot conductor B. An AC voltmeter across the incoming power source -C. An inductor in series with the AC power source -D. A capacitor across the AC power source +C. An inductor in parallel with the AC power source +D. A capacitor in series with the AC power source diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0A09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0A09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0A09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0A09 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T0A09 (C) -What kind of hazard is presented by a conventional 12-volt storage battery? -A. It emits ozone which can be harmful to the atmosphere -B. Shock hazard due to high voltage -C. Explosive gas can collect if not properly vented -D. All of these choices are correct +What should be done to all external ground rods or earth connections? +A. Waterproof them with silicone caulk or electrical tape +B. Keep them as far apart as possible +C. Bond them together with heavy wire or conductive strap +D. Tune them for resonance on the lowest frequency of operation diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0A10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0A10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0A10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0A10 2018-07-15 22:43:39.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T0A10 (A) What can happen if a lead-acid storage battery is charged or discharged too quickly? -A. The battery could overheat and give off flammable gas or explode +A. The battery could overheat, give off flammable gas, or explode B. The voltage can become reversed C. The memory effect will reduce the capacity of the battery D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0A11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0A11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0A11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0A11 2018-07-15 22:43:49.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. Static electricity could damage the grounding system B. Circulating currents inside the transformer might cause damage C. The fuse might blow if you remove the cover -D. You might receive an electric shock from the charged stored in large capacitors +D. You might receive an electric shock from the charge stored in large capacitors diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0B02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0B02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0B02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0B02 2018-07-15 22:44:05.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ What is a good precaution to observe before climbing an antenna tower? A. Make sure that you wear a grounded wrist strap B. Remove all tower grounding connections -C. Put on a climbing harness and safety glasses -D. All of the these choices are correct +C. Put on a carefully inspected climbing harness(fall arrester)and safety glasses +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0B06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0B06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0B06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0B06 2018-07-15 22:44:38.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. Half the width of your property B. The height of the power line above ground C. 1/2 wavelength at the operating frequency -D. So that if the antenna falls unexpectedly, no part of it can come closer than 10 feet to the power wires +D. Enough so that if the antenna falls unexpectedly, no part of it can come closer than 10 feet to the power wires diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0B07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0B07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0B07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0B07 2018-07-15 22:44:49.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ Which of the following is an important safety rule to remember when using a crank-up tower? A. This type of tower must never be painted B. This type of tower must never be grounded -C. This type of tower must never be climbed unless it is in the fully retracted position +C. This type of tower must not be climbed unless retracted or mechanical safety locking devices have been installed D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0B09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0B09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0B09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0B09 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ Why should you avoid attaching an antenna to a utility pole? A. The antenna will not work properly because of induced voltages B. The utility company will charge you an extra monthly fee -C. The antenna could contact high-voltage power wires +C. The antenna could contact high-voltage power lines D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0B10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0B10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0B10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0B10 2018-07-15 22:45:12.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T0B10 (C) -Which of the following is true concerning grounding conductors used for lightning protection? +Which of the following is true when installing grounding conductors used for lightning protection? A. Only non-insulated wire must be used B. Wires must be carefully routed with precise right-angle bends C. Sharp bends must be avoided diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0B11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0B11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0B11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0B11 2018-07-15 22:45:19.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. FCC Part 97 Rules B. Local electrical codes C. FAA tower lighting regulations -D. Underwriters Laboratories' recommended practices +D. UL recommended practices diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0B12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0B12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0B12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0B12 2018-07-15 22:45:28.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T0B12 (C) Which of the following is good practice when installing ground wires on a tower for lightning protection? A. Put a loop in the ground connection to prevent water damage to the ground system -B. Make sure that all bends in the ground wires are clean, right angle bends +B. Make sure that all bends in the ground wires are clean, right-angle bends C. Ensure that connections are short and direct D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0B13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0B13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0B13 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0B13 2018-07-15 22:45:34.000000000 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +T0B13 (B) +What is the purpose of a safety wire through a turnbuckle used to tension guy lines? +A. Secure the guy if the turnbuckle breaks +B. Prevent loosening of the guy line from vibration +C. Prevent theft or vandalism +D. Deter unauthorized climbing of the tower diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0C11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0C11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0C11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0C11 2018-07-15 22:46:46.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T0C11 (C) -What is the definition of duty cycle during the averaging time for RF exposure? +What is the definition of duty cycle during the averaging time for RF exposure? A. The difference between the lowest power output and the highest power output of a transmitter B. The difference between the PEP and average power output of a transmitter C. The percentage of time that a transmitter is transmitting diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0C13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0C13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T0C13 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T0C13 2018-07-15 22:47:10.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T0C13 (C) -If the averaging time for exposure is 6 minutes, how much power density is permitted if the signal is present for 3 minutes and absent for 3 minutes rather than being present for the entire 6 minutes? +If the averaging time for exposure is 6 minutes, how much power density is permitted if the signal is present for 3 minutes and absent for 3 minutes rather than being present for the entire 6 minutes? A. 3 times as much B. 1/2 as much C. 2 times as much diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A01 2018-07-15 22:47:24.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. Providing personal radio communications for as many citizens as possible B. Providing communications for international non-profit organizations C. Advancing skills in the technical and communication phases of the radio art -D. All of these choices are correct +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A02 2018-07-15 22:47:31.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1A02 (C) [97.1] Which agency regulates and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States? A. FEMA -B. The ITU +B. Homeland Security C. The FCC -D. Homeland Security +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A03 2018-07-15 22:47:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1A03 (D) -Which part of the FCC regulations contains the rules governing the Amateur Radio Service? -A. Part 73 -B. Part 95 -C. Part 90 -D. Part 97 +T1A03 (D) [97.119(b)(2)] +What are the FCC rules regarding the use of a phonetic alphabet for station identification in the Amateur Radio Service? +A. It is required when transmitting emergency messages +B. It is prohibited +C. It is required when in contact with foreign stations +D. It is encouraged diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A04 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A04 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A04 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A04 2018-07-15 22:47:45.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1A04 (C) [97.3(a)(23)] -Which of the following meets the FCC definition of harmful interference? -A. Radio transmissions that annoy users of a repeater -B. Unwanted radio transmissions that cause costly harm to radio station apparatus -C. That which seriously degrades, obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts a radio communication service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations -D. Static from lightning storms +T1A04 (A) [97.5(b)(1)] +How many operator/primary station license grants may be held by any one person? +A. One +B. No more than two +C. One for each band on which the person plans to operate +D. One for each permanent station location from which the person plans to operate diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A05 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A05 2018-07-15 22:47:59.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1A05 (A) [97.1 (e)] -Which of the following is a purpose of the Amateur Radio Service rules and regulations as defined by the FCC? -A. Enhancing international goodwill -B. Providing inexpensive communication for local emergency organizations -C. Training of operators in military radio operating procedures +T1A05 (C) [97.7] +What is proof of possession of an FCC-issued operator/primary license grant? +A. A printed operator/primary station license issued by the FCC must be displayed at the transmitter site +B. The control operator must have an operator/primary station license in his or her possession when in control of a transmitter +C. The control operator's operator/primary station license must appear in the FCC ULS consolidated licensee database D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A06 2018-07-15 22:48:11.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1A06 (D) [97.101 (d), 97.303 (o)(2)] -Which of the following services are protected from interference by amateur signals under all circumstances? -A. Citizens Radio Service -B. Broadcast Service -C. Land Mobile Radio Service -D. Radionavigation Service +T1A06 (C) [97.3(a)(9)] +What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a beacon? +A. A government transmitter marking the amateur radio band edges +B. A bulletin sent by the FCC to announce a national emergency +C. An amateur station transmitting communications for the purposes of observing propagation or related experimental activities +D. A continuous transmission of weather information authorized in the amateur bands by the National Weather Service diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A07 2018-07-15 22:48:20.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1A07 (C) [97.3(a)(46)] -What is the FCC Part 97 definition of telemetry? -A. An information bulletin issued by the FCC -B. A one-way transmission to initiate, modify or terminate functions of a device at a distance -C. A one-way transmission of measurements at a distance from the measuring instrument -D. An information bulletin from a VEC +T1A07 (C) [97.3(a)(41)] +What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a space station? +A. Any satellite orbiting the earth +B. A manned satellite orbiting the earth +C. An amateur station located more than 50 km above the Earth's surface +D. An amateur station using amateur radio satellites for relay of signals diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A08 2018-07-15 22:48:26.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1A08 (B) [97.3(a)(22)] Which of the following entities recommends transmit/receive channels and other parameters for auxiliary and repeater stations? -A. Frequency Spectrum Manager -B. Frequency Coordinator -C. FCC Regional Field Office +A. Frequency Spectrum Manager appointed by the FCC +B. Volunteer Frequency Coordinator recognized by local amateurs +C. FCC Regional Field Office D. International Telecommunications Union diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A09 2018-07-15 22:48:35.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1A09 (C) [97.3(a)(22)] Who selects a Frequency Coordinator? -A. The FCC Office of Spectrum Management and Coordination Policy +A. The FCC Office of Spectrum Management and Coordination Policy B. The local chapter of the Office of National Council of Independent Frequency Coordinators -C. Amateur operators in a local or regional area whose stations are eligible to be auxiliary or repeater stations +C. Amateur operators in a local or regional area whose stations are eligible to be repeater or auxiliary stations D. FCC Regional Field Office diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A10 2018-07-15 22:48:49.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1A10 (A) [97.3(a)(5)] -What is the FCC Part 97 definition of an amateur station? -A. A station in the Amateur Radio Service consisting of the apparatus necessary for carrying on radio communications -B. A building where Amateur Radio receivers, transmitters, and RF power amplifiers are installed -C. Any radio station operated by a non-professional -D. Any radio station for hobby use +T1A10 (D) [97.3(a)(38), 97.407] +Which of the following describes the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES)? +A. A radio service using amateur frequencies for emergency management or civil defense communications +B. A radio service using amateur stations for emergency management or civil defense communications +C. An emergency service using amateur operators certified by a civil defense organization as being enrolled in that organization +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A11 2018-07-15 22:49:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1A11 (B) [97.101 (d)] When is willful interference to other amateur radio stations permitted? -A. Only if the station being interfered with is expressing extreme religious or political views -B. At no time -C. Only during a contest -D. At any time, amateurs are not protected from willful interference +A. To stop another amateur station which is breaking the FCC rules +B. At no time +C. When making short test transmissions +D. At any time, stations in the Amateur Radio Service are not protected from willful interference diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A12 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T1A12 (D) -Which of the following is a permissible use of the Amateur Radio Service? -A. Broadcasting music and videos to friends -B. Providing a way for amateur radio operators to earn additional income by using their stations to pass messages -C. Providing low-cost communications for start-up businesses -D. Allowing a person to conduct radio experiments and to communicate with other licensed hams around the world diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A13 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A13 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T1A13 (C) [97.3(a)(45)] -What is the FCC Part 97 definition of telecommand? -A. An instruction bulletin issued by the FCC -B. A one-way radio transmission of measurements at a distance from the measuring instrument -C. A one-way transmission to initiate, modify or terminate functions of a device at a distance -D. An instruction from a VEC diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A14 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A14 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1A14 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1A14 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T1A14 (A) [97.303(d)] -What must you do if you are operating on the 23 cm band and learn that you are interfering with a radiolocation station outside the United States? -A. Stop operating or take steps to eliminate the harmful interference -B. Nothing, because this band is allocated exclusively to the amateur service -C. Establish contact with the radiolocation station and ask them to change frequency -D. Change to CW mode, because this would not likely cause interference diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B01 2018-07-15 22:49:09.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -T1B01 (B) -What is the ITU? +T1B01 (B) +What is the International Telecommunications Union (ITU)? A. An agency of the United States Department of Telecommunications Management B. A United Nations agency for information and communication technology issues C. An independent frequency coordination agency diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B02 2018-07-15 22:49:22.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1B02 (A) [97.301] -Why are the frequency assignments for some U.S. Territories different from those in the 50 U.S. States? -A. Some U. S. Territories are located in ITU regions other than region 2 -B. Territorial governments are allowed to select their own frequency allocations -C. Territorial frequency allocations must also include those of adjacent countries -D. Any territory that was in existence before the ratification of the Communications Act of 1934 is exempt from FCC frequency regulations +T1B02 (B) [97.301, 97.207(c)] +Which amateur radio stations may make contact with an amateur radio station on the International Space Station (ISS) using 2 meter and 70 cm band frequencies? +A. Only members of amateur radio clubs at NASA facilities +B. Any amateur holding a Technician or higher-class license +C. Only the astronaut's family members who are hams +D. Contacts with the ISS are not permitted on amateur radio frequencies diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B03 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T1B03 (B) [97.301(a)] -Which frequency is within the 6 meter band? +Which frequency is within the 6 meter amateur band? A. 49.00 MHz B. 52.525 MHz C. 28.50 MHz diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B05 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B05 2018-07-15 22:49:41.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1B05 (C) [97.301(a)] -Which 70 cm frequency is authorized to a Technician Class license holder operating in ITU Region 2? -A. 53.350 MHz -B. 146.520 MHz -C. 443.350 MHz -D. 222.520 MHz +T1B05 (B) [97.305(c)] +What is the limitation for emissions on the frequencies between 219 and 220 MHz? +A. Spread spectrum only +B. Fixed digital message forwarding systems only +C. Emergency traffic only +D. Fast-scan television only diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B06 2018-07-15 22:49:46.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1B06 (B) [97.301(a)] -Which 23 cm frequency is authorized to a Technician Class licensee? -A. 2315 MHz -B. 1296 MHz -C. 3390 MHz -D. 146.52 MHz +T1B06 (B) [97.301(e), 97.305] +On which HF bands does a Technician class operator have phone privileges? +A. None +B. 10 meter band only +C. 80 meter, 40 meter, 15 meter and 10 meter bands +D. 30 meter band only diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B07 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1B07 (D) [97.301(a)] -What amateur band are you using if you are transmitting on 223.50 MHz? -A. 15 meter band -B. 10 meter band -C. 2 meter band -D. 1.25 meter band +T1B07 (A) [97.305(a), (c)] +Which of the following VHF/UHF frequency ranges are limited to CW only? +A. 50.0 MHz to 50.1 MHz and 144.0 MHz to 144.1 MHz +B. 219 MHz to 220 MHz and 420.0 MHz to 420.1 MHz +C. 902.0 MHz to 902.1 MHZ +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B08 2018-07-15 22:50:03.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1B08 (A) [97.303] -Which of the following is a result of the fact that the amateur service is secondary in some portions of the 70 cm band? -A. U.S. amateurs may find non-amateur stations in the bands, and must avoid interfering with them +Which of the following is a result of the fact that the Amateur Radio Service is secondary in all or portions of some amateur bands (such as portions of the 70 cm band)? +A. U.S. amateurs may find non-amateur stations in those portions, and must avoid interfering with them B. U.S. amateurs must give foreign amateur stations priority in those portions -C. International communications are not permitted on 70 cm -D. Digital transmissions are not permitted on 70 cm +C. International communications are not permitted in those portions +D. Digital transmissions are not permitted in those portions diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B10 2018-07-15 22:50:17.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1B10 (C) [97.301(e), 97.305(c)] -Which of the bands above 30 MHz that are available to Technician Class operators have mode-restricted sub-bands? -A. The 6 meter, 2 meter, and 70 cm bands -B. The 2 meter and 13 cm bands -C. The 6 meter, 2 meter, and 1.25 meter bands -D. The 2 meter and 70 cm bands +T1B10 (D) [97.301(e), 97.305(c)] +Which of the following HF bands have frequencies available to the Technician class operator for RTTY and data transmissions? +A. 10 meter, 12 meter, 17 meter, and 40 meter bands +B. 10 meter, 15 meter, 40 meter, and 80 meter bands +C. 30 meter band only +D. 10 meter band only diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B11 2018-07-15 22:50:25.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1B11 (A) [97.301(a), 97.305 (a)(c)] -What emission modes are permitted in the mode-restricted sub-bands at 50.0 to 50.1 MHz and 144.0 to 144.1 MHz? -A. CW only -B. CW and RTTY -C. SSB only -D. CW and SSB +T1B11 (A) [97.313] +What is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators using their assigned portions of the HF bands? +A. 200 watts +B. 100 watts +C. 50 watts +D. 10 watts diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B12 2018-07-15 22:50:33.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1B12 (B) [97.301] -Why are frequency assignments for U.S. stations operating maritime mobile not the same everywhere in the world? -A. Amateur maritime mobile stations in international waters must conform to the frequency assignments of the country nearest to their vessel -B. Amateur frequency assignments can vary among the three ITU regions -C. Frequency assignments are determined by the captain of the vessel -D. Amateur frequency assignments are different in each of the 90 ITU zones +T1B12 (D) [97.313(b)] +Except for some specific restrictions, what is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators using frequencies above 30 MHz? +A. 50 watts +B. 100 watts +C. 500 watts +D. 1500 watts diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1B13 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1B13 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T1B13 (B) [97.305(c)] -Which emission may be used between 219 and 220 MHz? -A. Spread spectrum -B. Data -C. SSB voice -D. Fast-scan television diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C01 2018-07-15 22:50:42.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1C01 (C) [97.3(a)(11)(iii)] -Which type of call sign has a single letter in both its prefix and suffix? -A. Vanity -B. Sequential -C. Special event -D. In-memoriam +T1C01 (D) [97.9(a), 97.17(a)] +For which license classes are new licenses currently available from the FCC? +A. Novice, Technician, General, Advanced +B. Technician, Technician Plus, General, Advanced +C. Novice, Technician Plus, General, Advanced +D. Technician, General, Amateur Extra diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C02 2018-07-15 22:50:51.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1C02 (B) -Which of the following is a valid US amateur radio station call sign? -A. KMA3505 -B. W3ABC -C. KDKA -D. 11Q1176 +T1C02 (D) [97.19] +Who may select a desired call sign under the vanity call sign rules? +A. Only a licensed amateur with a General or Amateur Extra class license +B. Only a licensed amateur with an Amateur Extra class license +C. Only a licensed amateur who has been licensed continuously for more than 10 years +D. Any licensed amateur diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C03 2018-07-15 22:51:04.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1C03 (A) [97.117] -What types of international communications are permitted by an FCC-licensed amateur station? -A. Communications incidental to the purposes of the amateur service and remarks of a personal character +What types of international communications is an FCC-licensed amateur radio station permitted to make? +A. Communications incidental to the purposes of the Amateur Radio Service and remarks of a personal character B. Communications incidental to conducting business or remarks of a personal nature C. Only communications incidental to contest exchanges, all other communications are prohibited D. Any communications that would be permitted by an international broadcast station diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C05 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C05 2018-07-15 22:51:29.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T1C05 (A) -Which of the following is a vanity call sign which a technician class amateur operator might select if available? +Which of the following is a valid call sign for a Technician class amateur radio station? A. K1XXX B. KA1X C. W1XX diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C06 2018-07-15 22:51:41.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1C06 (D) [97.5(a)(2)] -From which of the following locations may an FCC-licensed amateur station transmit, in addition to places where the FCC regulates communications? +From which of the following locations may an FCC-licensed amateur station transmit? A. From within any country that belongs to the International Telecommunications Union -B. From within any country that is a member of the United Nations -C. From anywhere within in ITU Regions 2 and 3 +B. From within any country that is a member of the United Nations +C. From anywhere within International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Regions 2 and 3 D. From any vessel or craft located in international waters and documented or registered in the United States diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C07 2018-07-15 22:51:58.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T1C07 (B) [97.23] -What may result when correspondence from the FCC is returned as undeliverable because the grantee failed to provide the correct mailing address? +What may result when correspondence from the FCC is returned as undeliverable because the grantee failed to provide and maintain a correct mailing address with the FCC? A. Fine or imprisonment B. Revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license C. Require the licensee to be re-examined diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C09 2018-07-15 22:52:20.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. Two years B. Three years C. Five years -D. Ten years +D. Ten years diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C10 2018-07-15 22:52:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T1C10 (C) [97.5a] -How soon after passing the examination for your first amateur radio license may you operate a transmitter on an amateur service frequency? +How soon after passing the examination for your first amateur radio license may you operate a transmitter on an Amateur Radio Service frequency? A. Immediately B. 30 days after the test date C. As soon as your operator/station license grant appears in the FCC's license database diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C11 2018-07-15 22:52:46.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T1C11 (A) [97.21(b)] -If your license has expired and is still within the allowable grace period, may you continue to operate a transmitter on amateur service frequencies? +If your license has expired and is still within the allowable grace period, may you continue to operate a transmitter on Amateur Radio Service frequencies? A. No, transmitting is not allowed until the FCC license database shows that the license has been renewed B. Yes, but only if you identify using the suffix GP C. Yes, but only during authorized nets diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C12 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T1C12 (D) [97.19] -Who may select a desired call sign under the vanity call sign rules? -A. Only licensed amateurs with general or extra class licenses -B. Only licensed amateurs with an extra class license -C. Only an amateur licensee who has been licensed continuously for more than 10 years -D. Any licensed amateur diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C13 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C13 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T1C13 (D) [97.9(a), 97.17(a)] -For which licenses classes are new licenses currently available from the FCC? -A. Novice, Technician, General, Advanced -B. Technician, Technician Plus, General, Advanced -C. Novice, Technician Plus, General, Advanced -D. Technician, General, Amateur Extra diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C14 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C14 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1C14 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1C14 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T1C14 (D) [97.21(a) (1)] -Who may select a vanity call sign for a club station? -A. Any Extra Class member of the club -B. Any member of the club -C. Any officer of the club -D. Only the person named as trustee on the club station license grant diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D01 2018-07-15 22:53:06.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1D01 (A) [97.111(a)(1)] -With which countries are FCC-licensed amateur stations prohibited from exchanging communications? -A. Any country whose administration has notified the ITU that it objects to such communications -B. Any country whose administration has notified the ARRL that it objects to such communications +With which countries are FCC-licensed amateur radio stations prohibited from exchanging communications? +A. Any country whose administration has notified the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) that it objects to such communications +B. Any country whose administration has notified the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) that it objects to such communications C. Any country engaged in hostilities with another country D. Any country in violation of the War Powers Act of 1934 diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D02 2018-07-15 22:53:22.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1D02 (A) [97.111(a)(5)] -On which of the following occasions may an FCC-licensed amateur station exchange messages with a U.S. military station? -A. During an Armed Forces Day Communications Test -B. During a Memorial Day Celebration -C. During an Independence Day celebration -D. During a propagation test +T1D02 (B) [97.113(b),97.111(b)] +Under which of the following circumstances may an amateur radio station make one-way transmissions? +A. Under no circumstances +B. When transmitting code practice, information bulletins, or transmissions necessary to provide emergency communications +C. At any time, as long as no music is transmitted +D. At any time, as long as the material being transmitted did not originate from a commercial broadcast station diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D03 2018-07-15 22:53:30.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -T1D03 (C) [97.211(b), 97.215(b)] -When is the transmission of codes or ciphers that hide the meaning of a message allowed by an amateur station? +T1D03 (C) [97.211(b), 97.215(b), 97.114(a)(4)] +When is it permissible to transmit messages encoded to hide their meaning? A. Only during contests B. Only when operating mobile C. Only when transmitting control commands to space stations or radio control craft diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D04 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D04 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D04 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D04 2018-07-15 22:53:37.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T1D04 (A) [97.113(a)(4), 97.113(c)] -What is the only time an amateur station is authorized to transmit music? +Under what conditions is an amateur station authorized to transmit music using a phone emission? A. When incidental to an authorized retransmission of manned spacecraft communications B. When the music produces no spurious emissions C. When the purpose is to interfere with an illegal transmission diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D06 2018-07-15 22:53:57.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. The FCC maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies B. Any such language is prohibited C. The ITU maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies -D. There is no such prohibition +D. There is no such prohibition diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D07 2018-07-15 22:54:05.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1D07 (B) [97.113(d)] What types of amateur stations can automatically retransmit the signals of other amateur stations? A. Auxiliary, beacon, or Earth stations -B. Auxiliary, repeater, or space stations +B. Repeater, auxiliary, or space stations C. Beacon, repeater, or space stations D. Earth, repeater, or space stations diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D08 2018-07-15 22:54:20.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1D08 (B) [97.113(a)(3)(iii)] -In which of the following circumstances may the control operator of an amateur station receive compensation for operating the station? -A. When engaging in communications on behalf of their employer +In which of the following circumstances may the control operator of an amateur station receive compensation for operating that station? +A. When the communication is related to the sale of amateur equipment by the control operator's employer B. When the communication is incidental to classroom instruction at an educational institution -C. When re-broadcasting weather alerts during a RACES net -D. When notifying other amateur operators of the availability for sale or trade of apparatus +C. When the communication is made to obtain emergency information for a local broadcast station +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D09 2018-07-15 22:54:41.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ Under which of the following circumstances are amateur stations authorized to transmit signals related to broadcasting, program production, or news gathering, assuming no other means is available? A. Only where such communications directly relate to the immediate safety of human life or protection of property B. Only when broadcasting communications to or from the space shuttle -C. Only where noncommercial programming is gathered and supplied exclusively to the National Public Radio network -D. Only when using amateur repeaters linked to the Internet +C. Only where noncommercial programming is gathered and supplied exclusively to the National Public Radio network +D. Only when using amateur repeaters linked to the internet diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D10 2018-07-15 22:54:47.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1D10 (D) [97.3(a)(10)] -What is the meaning of the term "broadcasting" in the FCC rules for the amateur services? +What is the meaning of the term broadcasting in the FCC rules for the Amateur Radio Service? A. Two-way transmissions by amateur stations B. Transmission of music -C. Transmission of messages directed only to amateur operators -D. Transmissions intended for reception by the general public +C. Transmission of messages directed only to amateur operators +D. Transmissions intended for reception by the general public diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D11 2018-07-15 22:54:58.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1D11 (D) [97.119(a)] -When may an amateur station transmit without identifying? +When may an amateur station transmit without on-the-air identification? A. When the transmissions are of a brief nature to make station adjustments B. When the transmissions are unmodulated C. When the transmitted power level is below 1 watt -D. When transmitting signals to control a model craft +D. When transmitting signals to control model craft diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1D12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1D12 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T1D12 (B) [97.111(b)(4,5,6) -Under which of the following circumstances may an amateur radio station engage in broadcasting? -A. Under no circumstances -B. When transmitting code practice, information bulletins, or transmissions necessary to provide emergency communications -C. At any time as long as no music is transmitted -D. At any time as long as the material being transmitted did not originate from a commercial broadcast station diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E02 2018-07-15 22:55:24.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1E02 (D) [97.7(a)] -Who may a station licensee designate to be the control operator of an amateur station? -A. Any U.S. citizen or registered alien -B. Any family member of the station licensee -C. Any person over the age of 18 -D. Only a person for whom an amateur operator/primary station license grant appears in the FCC database or who is authorized for alien reciprocal operation +T1E02 (D) [97.301, 97.207(c)] +Who may be the control operator of a station communicating through an amateur satellite or space station? +A. Only an Amateur Extra Class operator +B. A General class or higher licensee who has a satellite operator certification +C. Only an Amateur Extra Class operator who is also an AMSAT member +D. Any amateur whose license privileges allow them to transmit on the satellite uplink frequency diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E04 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E04 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E04 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E04 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1E04 (D) [97.103(b)] What determines the transmitting privileges of an amateur station? A. The frequency authorized by the frequency coordinator -B. The class of operator license held by the station licensee +B. The frequencies printed on the license grant C. The highest class of operator license held by anyone on the premises D. The class of operator license held by the control operator diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E05 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E05 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1E05 (C) [97.3(a)(14)] What is an amateur station control point? A. The location of the station's transmitting antenna -B. The location of the station transmitting apparatus +B. The location of the station transmitting apparatus C. The location at which the control operator function is performed D. The mailing address of the station licensee diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E06 2018-07-15 22:55:48.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1E06 (A) [97.109(d)] -Under what type of control do APRS network digipeaters operate? -A. Automatic -B. Remote -C. Local -D. Manual +T1E06 (A) [97.301] +When, under normal circumstances, may a Technician class licensee be the control operator of a station operating in an exclusive Amateur Extra class operator segment of the amateur bands? +A. At no time +B. When operating a special event station +C. As part of a multi-operator contest team +D. When using a club station whose trustee is an Amateur Extra class operator licensee diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E08 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1E08 (A) [97.3(a)(6), 97.205(d)] Which of the following is an example of automatic control? A. Repeater operation -B. Controlling the station over the Internet -C. Using a computer or other device to automatically send CW -D. Using a computer or other device to automatically identify +B. Controlling the station over the internet +C. Using a computer or other device to send CW automatically +D. Using a computer or other device to identify automatically diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E09 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1E09 (D) [97.109(b)] -What type of control is being used when the control operator is at the control point? -A. Radio control -B. Unattended control -C. Automatic control -D. Local control +T1E09 (D) [97.109(c)] +Which of the following is true of remote control operation? +A. The control operator must be at the control point +B. A control operator is required at all times +C. The control operator indirectly manipulates the controls +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E10 2018-07-15 22:56:15.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1E10 (B) [97.3(a)(39)] Which of the following is an example of remote control as defined in Part 97? A. Repeater operation -B. Operating the station over the Internet -C. Controlling a model aircraft, boat or car by amateur radio +B. Operating the station over the internet +C. Controlling a model aircraft, boat, or car by amateur radio D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E11 2018-07-15 22:56:21.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1E11 (D) [97.103(a)] Who does the FCC presume to be the control operator of an amateur station, unless documentation to the contrary is in the station records? A. The station custodian -B. The third party participant +B. The third-party participant C. The person operating the station equipment D. The station licensee diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1E12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1E12 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T1E12 (A) [97.119(e)] -When, under normal circumstances, may a Technician Class licensee be the control operator of a station operating in an exclusive Extra Class operator segment of the amateur bands? -A. At no time -B. When operating a special event station -C. As part of a multi-operator contest team -D. When using a club station whose trustee is an Extra Class operator licensee diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F01 2018-07-15 22:56:30.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1F01 (A) -What type of identification is being used when identifying a station on the air as Race Headquarters? -A. Tactical call sign -B. An official call sign reserved for RACES drills -C. SSID -D. Broadcast station +T1F01 (B) [97.103(c)] +When must the station licensee make the station and its records available for FCC inspection? +A. At any time ten days after notification by the FCC of such an inspection +B. At any time upon request by an FCC representative +C. Only after failing to comply with an FCC notice of violation +D. Only when presented with a valid warrant by an FCC official or government agent diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F02 2018-07-15 22:56:40.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T1F02 (C) [97.119 (a)] -When using tactical identifiers such as "Race Headquarters" during a community service net operation, how often must your station transmit the station's FCC-assigned call sign? +When using tactical identifiers such as "Race Headquarters" during a community service net operation, how often must your station transmit the station's FCC-assigned call sign? A. Never, the tactical call is sufficient B. Once during every hour C. At the end of each communication and every ten minutes during a communication diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F03 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1F03 (D) [97.119(a)] When is an amateur station required to transmit its assigned call sign? A. At the beginning of each contact, and every 10 minutes thereafter -B. At least once during each transmission +B. At least once during each transmission C. At least every 15 minutes during and at the end of a communication D. At least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a communication diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F05 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F05 2018-07-15 22:56:56.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1F05 (B) [97.119(b)(2)] What method of call sign identification is required for a station transmitting phone signals? A. Send the call sign followed by the indicator RPT -B. Send the call sign using CW or phone emission +B. Send the call sign using a CW or phone emission C. Send the call sign followed by the indicator R -D. Send the call sign using only phone emission +D. Send the call sign using only a phone emission diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F07 2018-07-15 22:57:11.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T1F07 (B) [97.115(a)(2)] -Which of the following restrictions apply when a non-licensed person is allowed to speak to a foreign station using a station under the control of a Technician Class control operator? +Which of the following restrictions apply when a non-licensed person is allowed to speak to a foreign station using a station under the control of a Technician class control operator? A. The person must be a U.S. citizen -B. The foreign station must be one with which the U.S. has a third party agreement +B. The foreign station must be one with which the U.S. has a thirdparty agreement C. The licensed control operator must do the station identification D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F08 2018-07-15 22:57:24.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1F08 (D) [97.119(f)] -Which indicator is required by the FCC to be transmitted after a station call sign? -A. /M when operating mobile -B. /R when operating a repeater -C. / followed the FCC Region number when operating out of the region in which the license was issued -D. /KT, /AE or /AG when using new license privileges earned by CSCE while waiting for an upgrade to a previously issued license to appear in the FCC license database +T1F08 (A) [97.3(a)(47)] +What is meant by the term Third Party Communications? +A. A message from a control operator to another amateur station control operator on behalf of another person +B. Amateur radio communications where three stations are in communications with one another +C. Operation when the transmitting equipment is licensed to a person other than the control operator +D. Temporary authorization for an unlicensed person to transmit on the amateur bands for technical experiments diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F11 2018-07-15 22:57:43.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T1F11 (A) [97.115(a)] -To which foreign stations do the FCC rules authorize the transmission of non-emergency third party communications? -A. Any station whose government permits such communications -B. Those in ITU Region 2 only -C. Those in ITU Regions 2 and 3 only -D. Those in ITU Region 3 only +T1F11 (B) [97.5(b)(2)] +Which of the following is a requirement for the issuance of a club station license grant? +A. The trustee must have an Amateur Extra class operator license grant +B. The club must have at least four members +C. The club must be registered with the American Radio Relay League +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F12 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T1F12 (B) [97.5(b)(2)] -How many persons are required to be members of a club for a club station license to be issued by the FCC? -A. At least 5 -B. At least 4 -C. A trustee and 2 officers -D. At least 2 diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T1F13 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T1F13 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T1F13 (B) [97.103(c)] -When must the station licensee make the station and its records available for FCC inspection? -A. At any time ten days after notification by the FCC of such an inspection -B. At any time upon request by an FCC representative -C. Only after failing to comply with an FCC notice of violation -D. Only when presented with a valid warrant by an FCC official or government agent diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A01 2018-07-15 22:57:47.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2A01 (B) -What is the most common repeater frequency offset in the 2 meter band? -A. Plus 500 kHz +Which of the following is a common repeater frequency offset in the 2 meter band? +A. Plus or minus 5 MHz B. Plus or minus 600 kHz -C. Minus 500 kHz -D. Only plus 600 kHz +C. Plus or minus 500 kHz +D. Plus or minus 1 MHz diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A02 2018-07-15 22:57:53.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -T2A02 (D) -What is the national calling frequency for FM simplex operations in the 70 cm band? +T2A02 (A) +What is the national calling frequency for FM simplex operations in the 2 meter band? A. 146.520 MHz B. 145.000 MHz C. 432.100 MHz diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A03 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 70 cm band? A. Plus or minus 5 MHz B. Plus or minus 600 kHz -C. Minus 600 kHz -D. Plus 600 kHz +C. Plus or minus 500 kHz +D. Plus or minus 1 MHz diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A04 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A04 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A04 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A04 2018-07-15 22:58:02.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2A04 (B) What is an appropriate way to call another station on a repeater if you know the other station's call sign? -A. Say break, break then say the station's call sign -B. Say the station's call sign then identify with your call sign -C. Say CQ three times then the other station's call sign -D. Wait for the station to call CQ then answer it +A. Say "break, break," then say the station's call sign +B. Say the station's call sign, then identify with your call sign +C. Say "CQ" three times, then the other station's call sign +D. Wait for the station to call CQ, then answer it diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A05 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A05 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2A05 (C) How should you respond to a station calling CQ? -A. Transmit CQ followed by the other station's call sign +A. Transmit "CQ" followed by the other station's call sign B. Transmit your call sign followed by the other station's call sign C. Transmit the other station's call sign followed by your call sign D. Transmit a signal report followed by your call sign diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A06 2018-07-15 22:58:14.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2A06 (A) -What must an amateur operator do when making on-air transmissions to test equipment or antennas? -A. Properly identify the transmitting station -B. Make test transmissions only after 10:00 p.m. local time -C. Notify the FCC of the test transmission -D. State the purpose of the test during the test procedure +Which of the following is required when making on-the-air test transmissions? +A. Identify the transmitting station +B. Conduct tests only between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. local time +C. Notify the FCC of the transmissions +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A07 2018-07-15 22:58:20.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T2A07 (D) -Which of the following is true when making a test transmission? -A. Station identification is not required if the transmission is less than 15 seconds -B. Station identification is not required if the transmission is less than 1 watt -C. Station identification is only required once an hour when the transmissions are for test purposes only -D. Station identification is required at least every ten minutes during the test and at the end of the test +T2A07 (A) +What is meant by "repeater offset?" +A. The difference between a repeater's transmit frequency and its receive frequency +B. The repeater has a time delay to prevent interference +C. The repeater station identification is done on a separate frequency +D. The number of simultaneous transmit frequencies used by a repeater diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A09 2018-07-15 22:58:35.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2A09 (B) -What brief statement is often transmitted in place of "CQ" to indicate that you are listening on a repeater? +What brief statement indicates that you are listening on a repeater and looking for a contact? A. The words "Hello test" followed by your call sign -B. Your call sign +B. Your call sign C. The repeater call sign followed by your call sign D. The letters "QSY" followed by your call sign diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A11 2018-07-15 22:58:46.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T2A11 (D) [97.313(a)] -Which of the following is an FCC rule regarding power levels used in the amateur bands, under normal, non-distress circumstances? -A. There is no limit to power as long as there is no interference with other services -B. No more than 200 watts PEP may be used -C. Up to 1500 watts PEP may be used on any amateur frequency without restriction -D. While not exceeding the maximum power permitted on a given band, use the minimum power necessary to carry out the desired communication +T2A11 (C) +What term describes an amateur station that is transmitting and receiving on the same frequency? +A. Full duplex +B. Diplex +C. Simplex +D. Multiplex diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2A12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2A12 2018-07-15 22:58:52.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T2A12 (D) -Which of the following is a guideline to use when choosing an operating frequency for calling CQ? +Which of the following is a guideline when choosing an operating frequency for calling CQ? A. Listen first to be sure that no one else is using the frequency B. Ask if the frequency is in use C. Make sure you are in your assigned band diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B01 2018-07-15 22:58:56.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2B01 (C) -What is the term used to describe an amateur station that is transmitting and receiving on the same frequency? -A. Full duplex communication -B. Diplex communication -C. Simplex communication -D. Multiplex communication +What is the most common use of the "reverse split" function of a VHF/UHF transceiver? +A. Reduce power output +B. Increase power output +C. Listen on a repeater's input frequency +D. Listen on a repeater's output frequency diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B02 2018-07-15 22:59:01.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T2B02 (D) -What is the term used to describe the use of a sub-audible tone transmitted with normal voice audio to open the squelch of a receiver? +What term describes the use of a sub-audible tone transmitted along with normal voice audio to open the squelch of a receiver? A. Carrier squelch B. Tone burst C. DTMF diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B03 2018-07-15 22:59:07.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2B03 (B) -Which of the following describes the muting of receiver audio controlled solely by the presence or absence of an RF signal? -A. Tone squelch -B. Carrier squelch -C. CTCSS -D. Modulated carrier +If a station is not strong enough to keep a repeater's receiver squelch open, which of the following might allow you to receive the station's signal? +A. Open the squelch on your radio +B. Listen on the repeater input frequency +C. Listen on the repeater output frequency +D. Increase your transmit power diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B04 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B04 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B04 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B04 2018-07-15 22:59:11.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2B04 (D) -Which of the following common problems might cause you to be able to hear but not access a repeater even when transmitting with the proper offset? -A. The repeater receiver may require an audio tone burst for access -B. The repeater receiver may require a CTCSS tone for access -C. The repeater receiver may require a DCS tone sequence for access +Which of the following could be the reason you are unable to access a repeater whose output you can hear? +A. Improper transceiver offset +B. The repeater may require a proper CTCSS tone from your transceiver +C. The repeater may require a proper DCS tone from your transceiver D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B05 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B05 2018-07-15 22:59:16.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2B05 (C) -What determines the amount of deviation of an FM (as opposed to PM) signal? -A. Both the frequency and amplitude of the modulating signal -B. The frequency of the modulating signal -C. The amplitude of the modulating signal -D. The relative phase of the modulating signal and the carrier +What might be the problem if a repeater user says your transmissions are breaking up on voice peaks? +A. You have the incorrect offset +B. You need to talk louder +C. You are talking too loudly +D. Your transmit power is too high diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B06 2018-07-15 22:59:20.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2B06 (A) -What happens when the deviation of an FM transmitter is increased? -A. Its signal occupies more bandwidth -B. Its output power increases -C. Its output power and bandwidth increases -D. Asymmetric modulation occurs +What type of tones are used to control repeaters linked by the Internet Relay Linking Project (IRLP) protocol? +A. DTMF +B. CTCSS +C. EchoLink +D. Sub-audible diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B07 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T2B07 (A) -What could cause your FM signal to interfere with stations on nearby frequencies? -A. Microphone gain too high, causing over-deviation -B. SWR too high -C. Incorrect CTCSS Tone -D. All of these choices are correct +T2B07 (C) +How can you join a digital repeater's "talk group"? +A. Register your radio with the local FCC office +B. Join the repeater owner's club +C. Program your radio with the group's ID or code +D. Sign your call after the courtesy tone diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B08 2018-07-15 22:59:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. Common courtesy should prevail, but no one has absolute right to an amateur frequency B. Whoever has the strongest signal has priority on the frequency C. Whoever has been on the frequency the longest has priority on the frequency -D. The station which has the weakest signal has priority on the frequency +D. The station that has the weakest signal has priority on the frequency diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B09 2018-07-15 22:59:45.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T2B09 (A) [97.119(b)(2)] -Which of the following methods is encouraged by the FCC when identifying your station when using phone? -A. Use of a phonetic alphabet -B. Send your call sign in CW as well as voice -C. Repeat your call sign three times -D. Increase your signal to full power when identifying +T2B09 (B) +What is a "talk group" on a DMR digital repeater? +A. A group of operators sharing common interests +B. A way for groups of users to share a channel at different times without being heard by other users on the channel +C. A protocol that increases the signal-to-noise ratio when multiple repeaters are linked together +D. A net that meets at a particular time diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B12 2018-07-15 23:00:01.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2B12 (A) -Under what circumstances should you consider communicating via simplex rather than a repeater? -A. When the stations can communicate directly without using a repeater -B. Only when you have an endorsement for simplex operation on your license -C. Only when third party traffic is not being passed -D. Only if you have simplex modulation capability +Why are simplex channels designated in the VHF/UHF band plans? +A. So that stations within mutual communications range can communicate without tying up a repeater +B. For contest operation +C. For working DX only +D. So that stations with simple transmitters can access the repeater without automated offset diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B13 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B13 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2B13 (C) -Which of the following is true of the use of SSB phone in amateur bands above 50 MHz? -A. It is permitted only by holders of a General Class or higher license -B. It is permitted only on repeaters -C. It is permitted in at least some portion of all the amateur bands above 50 MHz -D. It is permitted only on when power is limited to no more than 100 watts +Where may SSB phone be used in amateur bands above 50 MHz? +A. Only in sub-bands allocated to General class or higher licensees +B. Only on repeaters +C. In at least some portion of all these bands +D. On any band as long as power is limited to 25 watts diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B14 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B14 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2B14 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2B14 2018-07-15 23:00:11.000000000 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +T2B14 (A) +Which of the following describes a linked repeater network? +A. A network of repeaters where signals received by one repeater are repeated by all the repeaters +B. A repeater with more than one receiver +C. Multiple repeaters with the same owner +D. A system of repeaters linked by APRS diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2C02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2C02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2C02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2C02 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T2C02 (C) -What is one way to recharge a 12-volt lead-acid station battery if the commercial power is out? -A. Cool the battery in ice for several hours -B. Add acid to the battery -C. Connect the battery in parallel with a vehicle's battery and run the engine -D. All of these choices are correct +T2C02 (B) +What is meant by the term "NCS" used in net operation? +A. Nominal Control System +B. Net Control Station +C. National Communications Standard +D. Normal Communications Syntax diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2C03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2C03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2C03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2C03 2018-07-15 23:00:25.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2C03 (C) -What should be done to insure that voice message traffic containing proper names and unusual words are copied correctly by the receiving station? -A. The entire message should be repeated at least four times -B. Such messages must be limited to no more than 10 words -C. Such words and terms should be spelled out using a standard phonetic alphabet +What should be done when using voice modes to ensure that voice messages containing unusual words are received correctly? +A. Send the words by voice and Morse code +B. Speak very loudly into the microphone +C. Spell the words using a standard phonetic alphabet D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2C05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2C05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2C05 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2C05 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T2C05 (D) [97.3(a)(38), 97.407] -Which of the following describes the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES)? -A. A radio service using amateur frequencies for emergency management or civil defense communications -B. A radio service using amateur stations for emergency management or civil defense communications -C. An emergency service using amateur operators certified by a civil defense organization as being enrolled in that organization -D. All of these choices are correct +T2C05 (A) +What does the term "traffic" refer to in net operation? +A. Formal messages exchanged by net stations +B. The number of stations checking in and out of a net +C. Operation by mobile or portable stations +D. Requests to activate the net by a served agency diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2C06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2C06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2C06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2C06 2018-07-15 23:00:46.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2C06 (C) Which of the following is an accepted practice to get the immediate attention of a net control station when reporting an emergency? -A. Repeat the words SOS three times followed by the call sign of the reporting station +A. Repeat "SOS" three times followed by the call sign of the reporting station B. Press the push-to-talk button three times C. Begin your transmission by saying "Priority" or "Emergency" followed by your call sign D. Play a pre-recorded emergency alert tone followed by your call sign diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2C07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2C07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2C07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2C07 2018-07-15 23:00:58.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2C07 (C) -Which of the following is an accepted practice for an amateur operator who has checked into an emergency traffic net? +Which of the following is an accepted practice for an amateur operator who has checked into a net? A. Provided that the frequency is quiet, announce the station call sign and location every 5 minutes B. Move 5 kHz away from the net's frequency and use high power to ask other hams to keep clear of the net frequency C. Remain on frequency without transmitting until asked to do so by the net control station -D. All of the choices are correct +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2C08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2C08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2C08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2C08 2018-07-15 23:01:05.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2C08 (A) -Which of the following is a characteristic of good emergency traffic handling? +Which of the following is a characteristic of good traffic handling? A. Passing messages exactly as received -B. Making decisions as to whether or not messages should be relayed or delivered -C. Communicating messages to the news media for broadcast outside the disaster area +B. Making decisions as to whether messages are worthy of relay or delivery +C. Ensuring that any newsworthy messages are relayed to the news media D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2C10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2C10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2C10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2C10 2018-07-15 23:01:18.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2C10 (D) -What is the preamble in a formal traffic message? -A. The first paragraph of the message text -B. The message number -C. The priority handling indicator for the message -D. The information needed to track the message as it passes through the amateur radio traffic handling system +What information is contained in the preamble of a formal traffic message? +A. The email address of the originating station +B. The address of the intended recipient +C. The telephone number of the addressee +D. The information needed to track the message diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2C11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2C11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T2C11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T2C11 2018-07-15 23:01:27.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T2C11 (A) -What is meant by the term "check" in reference to a formal traffic message? -A. The check is a count of the number of words or word equivalents in the text portion of the message -B. The check is the value of a money order attached to the message -C. The check is a list of stations that have relayed the message -D. The check is a box on the message form that tells you the message was received +What is meant by the term "check," in reference to a formal traffic message? +A. The number of words or word equivalents in the text portion of the message +B. The value of a money order attached to the message +C. A list of stations that have relayed the message +D. A box on the message form that indicates that the message was received and/or relayed diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3A02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3A02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3A02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3A02 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T3A02 (B) -Why are UHF signals often more effective from inside buildings than VHF signals? -A. VHF signals lose power faster over distance -B. The shorter wavelength allows them to more easily penetrate the structure of buildings -C. This is incorrect; VHF works better than UHF inside buildings -D. UHF antennas are more efficient than VHF antennas +Why might the range of VHF and UHF signals be greater in the winter? +A. Less ionospheric absorption +B. Less absorption by vegetation +C. Less solar activity +D. Less tropospheric absorption diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3A03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3A03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3A03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3A03 2018-07-15 23:01:59.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T3A03 (C) -What antenna polarization is normally used for long-distance weak-signal CW and SSB contacts using the VHF and UHF bands? +What antenna polarization is normally used for long-distance weaksignal CW and SSB contacts using the VHF and UHF bands? A. Right-hand circular B. Left-hand circular C. Horizontal diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3A07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3A07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3A07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3A07 2018-07-15 23:02:21.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. Electromagnetic B. Electrostatic C. Surface acoustic -D. Magnetostrictive +D. Ferromagnetic diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3A08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3A08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3A08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3A08 2018-07-15 23:02:27.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ Which of the following is a likely cause of irregular fading of signals received by ionospheric reflection? A. Frequency shift due to Faraday rotation B. Interference from thunderstorms -C. Random combining of signals arriving via different paths -D. Intermodulation distortion +C. Random combining of signals arriving via different paths +D. Intermodulation distortion diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3A10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3A10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3A10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3A10 2018-07-15 23:02:55.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T3A10 (D) -What may occur if data signals propagate over multiple paths? +What may occur if data signals arrive via multiple paths? A. Transmission rates can be increased by a factor equal to the number of separate paths observed B. Transmission rates must be decreased by a factor equal to the number of separate paths observed -C. No significant changes will occur if the signals are transmitting using FM +C. No significant changes will occur if the signals are transmitted using FM D. Error rates are likely to increase diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3A12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3A12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3A12 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3A12 2018-07-15 23:03:07.000000000 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +T3A12 (B) +How might fog and light rain affect radio range on the 10 meter and 6 meter bands? +A. Fog and rain absorb these wavelength bands +B. Fog and light rain will have little effect on these bands +C. Fog and rain will deflect these signals +D. Fog and rain will increase radio range diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3A13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3A13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3A13 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3A13 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +T3A13 (C) +What weather condition would decrease range at microwave frequencies? +A. High winds +B. Low barometric pressure +C. Precipitation +D. Colder temperatures diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3B11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3B11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3B11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3B11 2018-07-15 23:04:03.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T3B11 (B) What is the approximate velocity of a radio wave as it travels through free space? -A. 3000 kilometers per second +A. 150,000 kilometers per second B. 300,000,000 meters per second -C. 300,000 miles per hour -D. 186,000 miles per hour +C. 300,000,000 miles per hour +D. 150,000 miles per hour diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3C01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3C01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3C01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3C01 2018-07-15 23:04:08.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. They are too weak to go very far B. FCC regulations prohibit them from going more than 50 miles C. UHF signals are usually not reflected by the ionosphere -D. They collide with trees and shrubbery and fade out +D. UHF signals are absorbed by the ionospheric D layer diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3C02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3C02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3C02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3C02 2018-07-15 23:04:12.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T3C02 (D) -Which of the following might be happening when VHF signals are being received from long distances? -A. Signals are being reflected from outer space -B. Signals are arriving by sub-surface ducting -C. Signals are being reflected by lightning storms in your area -D. Signals are being refracted from a sporadic E layer +T3C02 (C) +Which of the following is an advantage of HF vs VHF and higher frequencies? +A. HF antennas are generally smaller +B. HF accommodates wider bandwidth signals +C. Long distance ionospheric propagation is far more common on HF +D. There is less atmospheric interference (static) on HF diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3C05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3C05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3C05 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3C05 2018-07-15 23:04:33.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ Which of the following effects might cause radio signals to be heard despite obstructions between the transmitting and receiving stations? A. Knife-edge diffraction B. Faraday rotation -C. Quantum tunneling +C. Quantum tunneling D. Doppler shift diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3C06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3C06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3C06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3C06 2018-07-15 23:04:38.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T3C06 (A) What mode is responsible for allowing over-the-horizon VHF and UHF communications to ranges of approximately 300 miles on a regular basis? -A. Tropospheric scatter +A. Tropospheric ducting B. D layer refraction C. F2 layer refraction D. Faraday rotation diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3C07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3C07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3C07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3C07 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T3C07 (B) What band is best suited for communicating via meteor scatter? -A. 10 meters -B. 6 meters -C. 2 meters -D. 70 cm +A. 10 meter band +B. 6 meter band +C. 2 meter band +D. 70 centimeter band diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3C10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3C10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3C10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3C10 2018-07-15 23:05:01.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T3C10 (A) -What is the radio horizon? -A. The distance over which two stations can communicate by direct path -B. The distance from the ground to a horizontally mounted antenna -C. The farthest point you can see when standing at the base of your antenna tower -D. The shortest distance between two points on the Earth's surface +Which of the following bands may provide long distance communications during the peak of the sunspot cycle? +A. 6 or 10 meter bands +B. 23 centimeter band +C. 70 centimeter or 1.25 meter bands +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3C12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3C12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T3C12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T3C12 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T3C12 (A) -Which of the following bands may provide long distance communications during the peak of the sunspot cycle? -A. Six or ten meters -B. 23 centimeters -C. 70 centimeters or 1.25 meters -D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A01 2018-07-15 23:05:11.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T4A01 (B) -Which of the following is true concerning the microphone connectors on amateur transceivers? -A. All transceivers use the same microphone connector type -B. Some connectors include push-to-talk and voltages for powering the microphone -C. All transceivers using the same connector type are wired identically -D. Un-keyed connectors allow any microphone to be connected +T4A01 (D) +What must be considered to determine the minimum current capacity needed for a transceiver power supply? +A. Efficiency of the transmitter at full power output +B. Receiver and control circuit power +C. Power supply regulation and heat dissipation +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A03 2018-07-15 23:05:19.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T4A03 (A) -Which is a good reason to use a regulated power supply for communications equipment? -A. It prevents voltage fluctuations from reaching sensitive circuits -B. A regulated power supply has FCC approval -C. A fuse or circuit breaker regulates the power -D. Power consumption is independent of load +Why should wiring between the power source and radio be heavy-gauge wire and kept as short as possible? +A. To avoid voltage falling below that needed for proper operation +B. To provide a good counterpoise for the antenna +C. To avoid RF interference +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A04 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A04 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A04 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A04 2018-07-15 23:05:24.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T4A04 (A) -Where must a filter be installed to reduce harmonic emissions from your station? -A. Between the transmitter and the antenna -B. Between the receiver and the transmitter -C. At the station power supply -D. At the microphone +T4A04 (C) +Which computer sound card port is connected to a transceiver's headphone or speaker output for operating digital modes? +A. Headphone output +B. Mute +C. Microphone or line input +D. PCI or SDI diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A05 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A05 2018-07-15 23:05:30.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T4A05 (A) -Where should an in-line SWR meter be connected to monitor the standing wave ratio of the station antenna system? +What is the proper location for an external SWR meter? A. In series with the feed line, between the transmitter and antenna B. In series with the station's ground C. In parallel with the push-to-talk line and the antenna diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A06 2018-07-15 23:05:35.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T4A06 (C) -Which of the following would be connected between a transceiver and computer in a packet radio station? -A. Transmatch -B. Mixer -C. Terminal node controller -D. Antenna +Which of the following connections might be used between a voice transceiver and a computer for digital operation? +A. Receive and transmit mode, status, and location +B. Antenna and RF power +C. Receive audio, transmit audio, and push-to-talk (PTT) +D. NMEA GPS location and DC power diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A07 2018-07-15 23:05:44.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T4A07 (C) -How is a computer's sound card used when conducting digital communications using a computer? +How is a computer's sound card used when conducting digital communications? A. The sound card communicates between the computer CPU and the video display B. The sound card records the audio frequency for video display -C. The sound card provides audio to the microphone input and converts received audio to digital form +C. The sound card provides audio to the radio's microphone input and converts received audio to digital form D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A08 2018-07-15 23:05:49.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T4A08 (D) -Which type of conductor is best to use for RF grounding? -A. Round stranded wire +Which of the following conductors provides the lowest impedance to RF signals? +A. Round stranded wire B. Round copper-clad steel wire C. Twisted-pair cable D. Flat strap diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A09 2018-07-15 23:05:53.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T4A09 (D) -Which of the following could you use to cure distorted audio caused by RF current flowing on the shield of a microphone cable? +Which of the following could you use to cure distorted audio caused by RF current on the shield of a microphone cable? A. Band-pass filter B. Low-pass filter C. Preamplifier diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4A12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4A12 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T4A12 (D) -What could be happening if another operator reports a variable high-pitched whine on the audio from your mobile transmitter? -A. Your microphone is picking up noise from an open window -B. You have the volume on your receiver set too high -C. You need to adjust your squelch control -D. Noise on the vehicle's electrical system is being transmitted along with your speech audio diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4B09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4B09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4B09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4B09 2018-07-15 23:06:47.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T4B09 (C) -Which of the following is an appropriate receive filter bandwidth to select in order to minimize noise and interference for SSB reception? +Which of the following is an appropriate receive filter bandwidth for minimizing noise and interference for SSB reception? A. 500 Hz B. 1000 Hz C. 2400 Hz diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4B10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4B10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4B10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4B10 2018-07-15 23:06:51.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T4B10 (A) -Which of the following is an appropriate receive filter bandwidth to select in order to minimize noise and interference for CW reception? +Which of the following is an appropriate receive filter bandwidth for minimizing noise and interference for CW reception? A. 500 Hz B. 1000 Hz C. 2400 Hz diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4B11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4B11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4B11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4B11 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T4B11 (C) -Which of the following describes the common meaning of the term "repeater offset"? -A. The distance between the repeater's transmit and receive antennas -B. The time delay before the repeater timer resets -C. The difference between the repeater's transmit and receive frequencies -D. Matching the antenna impedance to the feed line impedance +T4B11 (A) +What is the function of automatic gain control, or AGC? +A. To keep received audio relatively constant +B. To protect an antenna from lightning +C. To eliminate RF on the station cabling +D. An asymmetric goniometer control used for antenna matching diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4B12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4B12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4B12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4B12 2018-07-15 23:07:02.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T4B12 (A) -What is the function of automatic gain control or AGC? -A. To keep received audio relatively constant -B. To protect an antenna from lightning -C. To eliminate RF on the station cabling -D. An asymmetric goniometer control used for antenna matching +T4B12 (B) +Which of the following could be used to remove power line noise or ignition noise? +A. Squelch +B. Noise blanker +C. Notch filter +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4B13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4B13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T4B13 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T4B13 2018-07-15 23:07:06.000000000 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +T4B13 (C) +Which of the following is a use for the scanning function of an FM transceiver? +A. To check incoming signal deviation +B. To prevent interference to nearby repeaters +C. To scan through a range of frequencies to check for activity +D. To check for messages left on a digital bulletin board diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5A03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5A03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5A03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5A03 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. Voltage B. Resistance C. Capacitance -D. Current +D. Current diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5A06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5A06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5A06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5A06 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T5A06 (A) -How much voltage does a mobile transceiver usually require? +How much voltage does a mobile transceiver typically require? A. About 12 volts B. About 30 volts C. About 120 volts diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5A11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5A11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5A11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5A11 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T5A11 (A) -What is the basic unit of electromotive force? +What is the unit of electromotive force? A. The volt B. The watt C. The ampere diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5A12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5A12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5A12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5A12 2018-07-15 23:07:48.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T5A12 (D) -What term describes the number of times per second that an alternating current reverses direction? +What describes the number of times per second that an alternating current makes a complete cycle? A. Pulse rate B. Speed C. Wavelength diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5A13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5A13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5A13 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5A13 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +T5A13 (A) +In which type of circuit is current the same through all components? +A. Series +B. Parallel +C. Resonant +D. Branch diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5A14 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5A14 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5A14 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5A14 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +T5A14 (B) +In which type of circuit is voltage the same across all components? +A. Series +B. Parallel +C. Resonant +D. Branch diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5B01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5B01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5B01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5B01 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ How many milliamperes is 1.5 amperes? A. 15 milliamperes B. 150 milliamperes -C. 1,500 milliamperes +C. 1500 milliamperes D. 15,000 milliamperes diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5B05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5B05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5B05 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5B05 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T5B05 (B) -Which of the following is equivalent to 500 milliwatts? +Which of the following is equal to 500 milliwatts? A. 0.02 watts B. 0.5 watts C. 5 watts diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5B06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5B06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5B06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5B06 2018-07-15 23:08:11.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T5B06 (C) -If an ammeter calibrated in amperes is used to measure a 3000-milliampere current, what reading would it show? +If an ammeter calibrated in amperes is used to measure a 3000- milliampere current, what reading would it show? A. 0.003 amperes B. 0.3 amperes C. 3 amperes diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5B07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5B07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5B07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5B07 2018-07-15 23:08:16.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T5B07 (C) -If a frequency readout calibrated in megahertz shows a reading of 3.525 MHz, what would it show if it were calibrated in kilohertz? +If a frequency display calibrated in megahertz shows a reading of 3.525 MHz, what would it show if it were calibrated in kilohertz? A. 0.003525 kHz B. 35.25 kHz C. 3525 kHz diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5B08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5B08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5B08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5B08 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T5B08 (B) -How many microfarads are 1,000,000 picofarads? +How many microfarads are equal to 1,000,000 picofarads? A. 0.001 microfarads B. 1 microfarad C. 1000 microfarads diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5B11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5B11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5B11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5B11 2018-07-15 23:08:40.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T5B11 (A) -What is the approximate amount of change, measured in decibels (dB), of a power increase from 20 watts to 200 watts? +What is the amount of change, measured in decibels (dB), of a power increase from 20 watts to 200 watts? A. 10 dB B. 12 dB C. 18 dB diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5B13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5B13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5B13 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5B13 2018-07-15 23:08:49.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T5B13 (C) -If a frequency readout shows a reading of 2425 MHz, what frequency is that in GHz? -A. 0.002425 GHZ +If a frequency display shows a reading of 2425 MHz, what frequency is that in GHz? +A. 0.002425 GHz B. 24.25 GHz C. 2.425 GHz D. 2425 GHz diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5C01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5C01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5C01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5C01 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ What is the ability to store energy in an electric field called? A. Inductance B. Resistance -C. Tolerance +C. Tolerance D. Capacitance diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5C06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5C06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5C06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5C06 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T5C06 (A) -What does the abbreviation "RF" refer to? +What does the abbreviation "RF" refer to? A. Radio frequency signals of all types B. The resonant frequency of a tuned circuit C. The real frequency transmitted as opposed to the apparent frequency -D. Reflective force in antenna transmission lines +D. Reflective force in antenna transmission lines diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5C07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5C07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5C07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5C07 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T5C07 (C) -What is a usual name for electromagnetic waves that travel through space? -A. Gravity waves -B. Sound waves -C. Radio waves -D. Pressure waves +T5C07 (B) +A radio wave is made up of what type of energy? +A. Pressure +B. Electromagnetic +C. Gravity +D. Thermal diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5C12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5C12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5C12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5C12 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T5C12 (A) -What is meant by the term impedance? -A. It is a measure of the opposition to AC current flow in a circuit -B. It is the inverse of resistance -C. It is a measure of the Q or Quality Factor of a component -D. It is a measure of the power handling capability of a component +What is impedance? +A. A measure of the opposition to AC current flow in a circuit +B. The inverse of resistance +C. The Q or Quality Factor of a component +D. The power handling capability of a component diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5C13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5C13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5C13 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5C13 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T5C13 (D) -What are the units of impedance? +What is a unit of impedance? A. Volts B. Amperes C. Coulombs diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5C14 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5C14 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5C14 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5C14 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +T5C14 (D) +What is the proper abbreviation for megahertz? +A. mHz +B. mhZ +C. Mhz +D. MHz diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5D06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5D06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5D06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5D06 2018-07-15 23:09:49.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. 3 ohms B. 16 ohms C. 48 ohms -D. 8 Ohms +D. 8 ohms diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5D07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5D07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5D07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5D07 2018-07-15 23:09:54.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T5D07 (D) -What is the current flow in a circuit with an applied voltage of 120 volts and a resistance of 80 ohms? +What is the current in a circuit with an applied voltage of 120 volts and a resistance of 80 ohms? A. 9600 amperes B. 200 amperes C. 0.667 amperes diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5D08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5D08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5D08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5D08 2018-07-15 23:09:59.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T5D08 (C) -What is the current flowing through a 100-ohm resistor connected across 200 volts? +What is the current through a 100-ohm resistor connected across 200 volts? A. 20,000 amperes B. 0.5 amperes C. 2 amperes diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5D09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5D09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5D09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5D09 2018-07-15 23:10:04.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T5D09 (C) -What is the current flowing through a 24-ohm resistor connected across 240 volts? +What is the current through a 24-ohm resistor connected across 240 volts? A. 24,000 amperes B. 0.1 amperes C. 10 amperes diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5D13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5D13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5D13 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5D13 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +T5D13 (B) +What happens to current at the junction of two components in series? +A. It divides equally between them +B. It is unchanged +C. It divides based on the on the value of the components +D. The current in the second component is zero diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5D14 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5D14 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5D14 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5D14 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +T5D14 (A) +What happens to current at the junction of two components in parallel? +A. It divides between them dependent on the value of the components +B. It is the same in both components +C. Its value doubles +D. Its value is halved diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5D15 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5D15 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5D15 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5D15 2018-07-15 23:10:39.000000000 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +T5D15 (C) +What is the voltage across each of two components in series with a voltage source? +A. The same voltage as the source +B. Half the source voltage +C. It is determined by the type and value of the components +D. Twice the source voltage diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5D16 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5D16 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T5D16 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T5D16 2018-07-15 23:10:45.000000000 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +T5D16 (D) +What is the voltage across each of two components in parallel with a voltage source? +A. It is determined by the type and value of the components +B. Half the source voltage +C. Twice the source voltage +D. The same voltage as the source diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6A01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6A01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6A01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6A01 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T6A01 (B) -What electrical component is used to oppose the flow of current in a DC circuit? +What electrical component opposes the flow of current in a DC circuit? A. Inductor B. Resistor C. Voltmeter diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6A07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6A07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6A07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6A07 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T6A07 (D) -What electrical component is usually composed of a coil of wire? +What electrical component usually is constructed as a coil of wire? A. Switch B. Capacitor C. Diode diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6A11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6A11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6A11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6A11 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ Which of the following battery types is not rechargeable? A. Nickel-cadmium B. Carbon-zinc -C. Lead-acid +C. Lead-acid D. Lithium-ion diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6B01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6B01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6B01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6B01 2018-07-15 23:11:24.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T6B01 (D) -What class of electronic components is capable of using a voltage or current signal to control current flow? +What class of electronic components uses a voltage or current signal to control current flow? A. Capacitors B. Inductors C. Resistors diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6B02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6B02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6B02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6B02 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. Resistor B. Fuse C. Diode -D. Driven Element +D. Driven element diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6B04 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6B04 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6B04 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6B04 2018-07-15 23:11:35.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T6B04 (B) -Which of the following components can be made of three layers of semiconductor material? +Which of the following components can consist of three layers of semiconductor material? A. Alternator B. Transistor C. Triode diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6B06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6B06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6B06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6B06 2018-07-15 23:11:42.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T6B06 (B) -How is the cathode lead of a semiconductor diode usually identified? -A. With the word cathode +How is the cathode lead of a semiconductor diode often marked on the package? +A. With the word "cathode" B. With a stripe C. With the letter C -D. All of these choices are correct +D. With the letter K diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6B08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6B08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6B08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6B08 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ What does the abbreviation FET stand for? A. Field Effect Transistor B. Fast Electron Transistor -C. Free Electron Transition -D. Field Emission Thickness +C. Free Electron Transmitter +D. Frequency Emission Transmitter diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6B10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6B10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6B10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6B10 2018-07-15 23:11:55.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T6B10 (A) -What are the three electrodes of a PNP or NPN transistor? -A. Emitter, base, and collector -B. Source, gate, and drain -C. Cathode, grid, and plate -D. Cathode, drift cavity, and collector +T6B10 (B) +Which of the following could be the primary gain-producing component in an RF power amplifier? +A. Transformer +B. Transistor +C. Reactor +D. Resistor diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6B11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6B11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6B11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6B11 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T6B11 (B) -What at are the three electrodes of a field effect transistor? -A. Emitter, base, and collector -B. Source, gate, and drain -C. Cathode, grid, and plate -D. Cathode, gate, and anode +T6B11 (A) +What is the term that describes a device's ability to amplify a signal? +A. Gain +B. Forward resistance +C. Forward voltage drop +D. On resistance diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6B12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6B12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6B12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6B12 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T6B12 (A) -What is the term that describes a transistor's ability to amplify a signal? -A. Gain -B. Forward resistance -C. Forward voltage drop -D. On resistance diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6C01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6C01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6C01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6C01 2018-07-15 23:12:03.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T6C01 (C) -What is the name for standardized representations of components in an electrical wiring diagram? -A. Electrical depictions -B. Grey sketch -C. Schematic symbols -D. Component callouts +What is the name of an electrical wiring diagram that uses standard component symbols? +A. Bill of materials +B. Connector pinout +C. Schematic +D. Flow chart diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6C12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6C12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6C12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6C12 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T6C12 (A) -What do the symbols on an electrical circuit schematic diagram represent? +What do the symbols on an electrical schematic represent? A. Electrical components B. Logic states C. Digital codes diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6C13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6C13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6C13 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6C13 2018-07-15 23:12:31.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T6C13 (C) -Which of the following is accurately represented in electrical circuit schematic diagrams? +Which of the following is accurately represented in electrical schematics? A. Wire lengths B. Physical appearance of components C. The way components are interconnected diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6D02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6D02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6D02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6D02 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T6D02 (A) -What best describes a relay? -A. A switch controlled by an electromagnet +What is a relay? +A. An electrically-controlled switch B. A current controlled amplifier C. An optical sensor D. A pass transistor diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6D04 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6D04 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6D04 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6D04 2018-07-15 23:12:45.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T6D04 (C) -Which of the following can be used to display signal strength on a numeric scale? +Which of the following displays an electrical quantity as a numeric value? A. Potentiometer B. Transistor C. Meter diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6D08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6D08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6D08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6D08 2018-07-15 23:13:02.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T6D08 (D) -Which of the following is used together with an inductor to make a tuned circuit? +Which of the following is combined with an inductor to make a tuned circuit? A. Resistor B. Zener diode C. Potentiometer diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6D11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6D11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T6D11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T6D11 2018-07-15 23:13:16.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T6D11 (A) -What is a simple resonant or tuned circuit? +Which of the following is a resonant or tuned circuit? A. An inductor and a capacitor connected in series or parallel to form a filter B. A type of voltage regulator C. A resistor circuit used for reducing standing wave ratio -D. A circuit designed to provide high fidelity audio +D. A circuit designed to provide high-fidelity audio diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7A02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7A02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7A02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7A02 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ What is a transceiver? A. A type of antenna switch B. A unit combining the functions of a transmitter and a receiver -C. A component in a repeater which filters out unwanted interference +C. A component in a repeater that filters out unwanted interference D. A type of antenna matching network diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7A04 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7A04 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7A04 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7A04 2018-07-15 23:13:38.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. Discrimination ratio B. Sensitivity C. Selectivity -D. Harmonic Distortion +D. Harmonic distortion diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7A05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7A05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7A05 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7A05 2018-07-15 23:13:43.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T7A05 (D) -What is the name of a circuit that generates a signal of a desired frequency? +What is the name of a circuit that generates a signal at a specific frequency? A. Reactance modulator B. Product detector C. Low-pass filter diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7A06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7A06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7A06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7A06 2018-07-15 23:13:47.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T7A06 (C) -What device takes the output of a low-powered 28 MHz SSB exciter and produces a 222 MHz output signal? +What device converts the RF input and output of a transceiver to another band? A. High-pass filter B. Low-pass filter C. Transverter diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7A07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7A07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7A07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7A07 2018-07-15 23:13:53.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T7A07 (D) -What is meant by term "PTT"? +What is meant by "PTT"? A. Pre-transmission tuning to reduce transmitter harmonic emission B. Precise tone transmissions used to limit repeater access to only certain signals C. A primary transformer tuner use to match antennas -D. The push to talk function which switches between receive and transmit +D. The push-to-talk function that switches between receive and transmit diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7A08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7A08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7A08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7A08 2018-07-15 23:13:58.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T7A08 (C) -Which of the following describes combining speech with an RF carrier signal?- +Which of the following describes combining speech with an RF carrier signal? A. Impedance matching B. Oscillation C. Modulation diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7A09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7A09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7A09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7A09 2018-07-15 23:14:04.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T7A09 (B) -Which of the following devices is most useful for VHF weak-signal communication? -A. A quarter-wave vertical antenna -B. A multi-mode VHF transceiver -C. An omni-directional antenna -D. A mobile VHF FM transceiver +What is the function of the SSB/CW-FM switch on a VHF power amplifier? +A. Change the mode of the transmitted signal +B. Set the amplifier for proper operation in the selected mode +C. Change the frequency range of the amplifier to operate in the proper portion of the band +D. Reduce the received signal noise diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B03 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T7B03 (D) -Which of the following may be a cause of radio frequency interference? +Which of the following can cause radio frequency interference? A. Fundamental overload B. Harmonics C. Spurious emissions diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B04 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B04 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B04 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B04 2018-07-15 23:14:31.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T7B04 (D) -Which of the following is a way to reduce or eliminate interference by an amateur transmitter to a nearby telephone? +Which of the following is a way to reduce or eliminate interference from an amateur transmitter to a nearby telephone? A. Put a filter on the amateur transmitter B. Reduce the microphone gain C. Reduce the SWR on the transmitter transmission line -D. Put a RF filter on the telephone +D. Put an RF filter on the telephone diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B06 2018-07-15 23:14:57.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T7B06 (A) Which of the following actions should you take if a neighbor tells you that your station's transmissions are interfering with their radio or TV reception? -A. Make sure that your station is functioning properly and that it does not cause interference to your own radio or television when it is tuned to the same channel +A. Make sure that your station is functioning properly and that it does not cause interference to your own radio or television when it is tuned to the same channel B. Immediately turn off your transmitter and contact the nearest FCC office for assistance C. Tell them that your license gives you the right to transmit and nothing can be done to reduce the interference D. Install a harmonic doubler on the output of your transmitter and tune it until the interference is eliminated diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B07 2018-07-15 23:15:02.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T7B07 (D) -Which of the following may be useful in correcting a radio frequency interference problem? -A. Snap-on ferrite chokes -B. Low-pass and high-pass filters -C. Band-reject and band-pass filters -D. All of these choices are correct +Which of the following can reduce overload to a VHF transceiver from a nearby FM broadcast station? +A. RF preamplifier +B. Double-shielded coaxial cable +C. Using headphones instead of the speaker +D. Band-reject filter diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B08 2018-07-15 23:15:13.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T7B08 (D) What should you do if something in a neighbor's home is causing harmful interference to your amateur station? A. Work with your neighbor to identify the offending device -B. Politely inform your neighbor about the rules that prohibit the use of devices which cause interference +B. Politely inform your neighbor about the rules that prohibit the use of devices that cause interference C. Check your station and make sure it meets the standards of good amateur practice D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B09 2018-07-15 23:15:24.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T7B09 (A) What is a Part 15 device? -A. An unlicensed device that may emit low powered radio signals on frequencies used by a licensed service -B. A type of amateur radio that can legally be used in the citizen's band -C. A device for long distance communications using special codes sanctioned by the International Amateur Radio Union -D. A type of test set used to determine whether a transmitter is in compliance with FCC regulation 91.15 +A. An unlicensed device that may emit low-powered radio signals on frequencies used by a licensed service +B. An amplifier that has been type-certified for amateur radio +C. A device for long-distance communications using special codes sanctioned by the International Amateur Radio Union +D. A type of test set used to determine whether a transmitter complies with FCC regulation 91.15 diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B10 2018-07-15 23:15:29.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T7B10 (D) -What might be the problem if you receive a report that your audio signal through the repeater is distorted or unintelligible? -A. Your transmitter may be slightly off frequency -B. Your batteries may be running low -C. You could be in a bad location +What might be a problem if you receive a report that your audio signal through the repeater is distorted or unintelligible? +A. Your transmitter is slightly off frequency +B. Your batteries are running low +C. You are in a bad location D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B11 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ What is a symptom of RF feedback in a transmitter or transceiver? A. Excessive SWR at the antenna connection B. The transmitter will not stay on the desired frequency -C. Reports of garbled, distorted, or unintelligible transmissions +C. Reports of garbled, distorted, or unintelligible voice transmissions D. Frequent blowing of power supply fuses diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7B12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7B12 2018-07-15 23:15:37.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T7B12 (D) -What might be the first step to resolve cable TV interference from your ham radio transmission? -A. Add a low pass filter to the TV antenna input -B. Add a high pass filter to the TV antenna input +What should be the first step to resolve cable TV interference from your ham radio transmission? +A. Add a low-pass filter to the TV antenna input +B. Add a high-pass filter to the TV antenna input C. Add a preamplifier to the TV antenna input D. Be sure all TV coaxial connectors are installed properly diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7C01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7C01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7C01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7C01 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T7C01 (A) What is the primary purpose of a dummy load? -A. To prevent the radiation of signals when making tests -B. To prevent over-modulation of your transmitter -C. To improve the radiation from your antenna -D. To improve the signal to noise ratio of your receiver +A. To prevent transmitting signals over the air when making tests +B. To prevent over-modulation of a transmitter +C. To improve the efficiency of an antenna +D. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio of a receiver diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7C05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7C05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7C05 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7C05 2018-07-15 23:15:56.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T7C05 (A) -What is the approximate SWR value above which the protection circuits in most solid-state transmitters begin to reduce transmitter power? -A. 2 to 1 -B. 1 to 2 -C. 6 to 1 -D. 10 to 1 +Why do most solid-state amateur radio transmitters reduce output power as SWR increases? +A. To protect the output amplifier transistors +B. To comply with FCC rules on spectral purity +C. Because power supplies cannot supply enough current at high SWR +D. To improve the impedance match to the feed line diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7C06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7C06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7C06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7C06 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T7C06 (D) What does an SWR reading of 4:1 indicate? -A. Loss of -4dB +A. Loss of -4 dB B. Good impedance match -C. Gain of +4dB +C. Gain of +4 dB D. Impedance mismatch diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7C10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7C10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7C10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7C10 2018-07-15 23:16:23.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ Why should the outer jacket of coaxial cable be resistant to ultraviolet light? A. Ultraviolet resistant jackets prevent harmonic radiation B. Ultraviolet light can increase losses in the cable's jacket -C. Ultraviolet and RF signals can mix together, causing interference +C. Ultraviolet and RF signals can mix, causing interference D. Ultraviolet light can damage the jacket and allow water to enter the cable diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7C12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7C12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7C12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7C12 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T7C12 (B) -Which of the following is a common use of coaxial cable? -A. Carrying dc power from a vehicle battery to a mobile radio -B. Carrying RF signals between a radio and antenna -C. Securing masts, tubing, and other cylindrical objects on towers -D. Connecting data signals from a TNC to a computer +What does a dummy load consist of? +A. A high-gain amplifier and a TR switch +B. A non-inductive resistor and a heat sink +C. A low-voltage power supply and a DC relay +D. A 50 ohm reactance used to terminate a transmission line diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7C13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7C13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7C13 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7C13 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T7C13 (B) -What does a dummy load consist of? -A. A high-gain amplifier and a TR switch -B. A non-inductive resistor and a heat sink -C. A low voltage power supply and a DC relay -D. A 50 ohm reactance used to terminate a transmission line diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7D03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7D03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T7D03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T7D03 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T7D03 (A) -How is an ammeter usually connected to a circuit? +How is a simple ammeter connected to a circuit? A. In series with the circuit B. In parallel with the circuit C. In quadrature with the circuit diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8A01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8A01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8A01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8A01 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T8A01 (C) Which of the following is a form of amplitude modulation? -A. Spread-spectrum +A. Spread spectrum B. Packet radio C. Single sideband -D. Phase shift keying +D. Phase shift keying (PSK) diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8A02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8A02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8A02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8A02 2018-07-15 23:17:24.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. FM B. SSB C. AM -D. Spread Spectrum +D. PSK diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8A06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8A06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8A06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8A06 2018-07-15 23:17:42.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T8A06 (A) -Which sideband is normally used for 10 meter HF, VHF and UHF single-sideband communications? +Which sideband is normally used for 10 meter HF, VHF, and UHF singlesideband communications? A. Upper sideband B. Lower sideband C. Suppressed sideband diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8A07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8A07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8A07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8A07 2018-07-15 23:17:46.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T8A07 (C) -What is the primary advantage of single sideband over FM for voice transmissions? +What is an advantage of single sideband (SSB) over FM for voice transmissions? A. SSB signals are easier to tune B. SSB signals are less susceptible to interference C. SSB signals have narrower bandwidth diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8A08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8A08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8A08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8A08 2018-07-15 23:17:51.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T8A08 (B) -What is the approximate bandwidth of a single sideband voice signal? +What is the approximate bandwidth of a single sideband (SSB) voice signal? A. 1 kHz B. 3 kHz C. 6 kHz diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8A09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8A09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8A09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8A09 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T8A09 (C) What is the approximate bandwidth of a VHF repeater FM phone signal? -A. Less than 500 Hz +A. Less than 500 Hz B. About 150 kHz C. Between 10 and 15 kHz D. Between 50 and 125 kHz diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8A10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8A10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8A10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8A10 2018-07-15 23:17:57.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T8A10 (B) -What is the typical bandwidth of analog fast-scan TV transmissions on the 70 cm band? +What is the typical bandwidth of analog fast-scan TV transmissions on the 70 centimeter band? A. More than 10 MHz B. About 6 MHz C. About 3 MHz diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B01 2018-07-15 23:18:05.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T8B01 (D) [97.301, 97.207(c)] -Who may be the control operator of a station communicating through an amateur satellite or space station? -A. Only an Amateur Extra Class operator -B. A General Class licensee or higher licensee who has a satellite operator certification -C. Only an Amateur Extra Class operator who is also an AMSAT member -D. Any amateur whose license privileges allow them to transmit on the satellite uplink frequency +T8B01 (C) +What telemetry information is typically transmitted by satellite beacons? +A. The signal strength of received signals +B. Time of day accurate to plus or minus 1/10 second +C. Health and status of the satellite +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B02 2018-07-15 23:18:09.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T8B02 (B) [97.313] -How much transmitter power should be used on the uplink frequency of an amateur satellite or space station? -A. The maximum power of your transmitter -B. The minimum amount of power needed to complete the contact -C. No more than half the rating of your linear amplifier -D. Never more than 1 watt +T8B02 (B) +What is the impact of using too much effective radiated power on a satellite uplink? +A. Possibility of commanding the satellite to an improper mode +B. Blocking access by other users +C. Overloading the satellite batteries +D. Possibility of rebooting the satellite control computer diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B03 2018-07-15 23:18:22.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. Maps showing the real-time position of the satellite track over the earth B. The time, azimuth, and elevation of the start, maximum altitude, and end of a pass C. The apparent frequency of the satellite transmission, including effects of Doppler shift -D. All of these answers are correct +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B04 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B04 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B04 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B04 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T8B04 (B) [97.301, 97.207(c)] -Which amateur stations may make contact with an amateur station on the International Space Station using 2 meter and 70 cm band amateur radio frequencies? -A. Only members of amateur radio clubs at NASA facilities -B. Any amateur holding a Technician or higher class license -C. Only the astronaut's family members who are hams -D. You cannot talk to the ISS on amateur radio frequencies +T8B04 (D) +What mode of transmission is commonly used by amateur radio satellites? +A. SSB +B. FM +C. CW/data +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B05 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B05 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T8B05 (D) What is a satellite beacon? A. The primary transmit antenna on the satellite -B. An indicator light that that shows where to point your antenna +B. An indicator light that shows where to point your antenna C. A reflective surface on the satellite -D. A transmission from a space station that contains information about a satellite +D. A transmission from a satellite that contains status information diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B06 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. The weight of the satellite B. The Keplerian elements C. The last observed time of zero Doppler shift -D. All of these answers are correct +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B08 2018-07-15 23:18:51.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T8B08 (B) What is meant by the statement that a satellite is operating in mode U/V? A. The satellite uplink is in the 15 meter band and the downlink is in the 10 meter band -B. The satellite uplink is in the 70 cm band and the downlink is in the 2 meter band +B. The satellite uplink is in the 70 centimeter band and the downlink is in the 2 meter band C. The satellite operates using ultraviolet frequencies D. The satellite frequencies are usually variable diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B09 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T8B09 (B) -What causes spin fading when referring to satellite signals? -A. Circular polarized noise interference radiated from the sun +What causes spin fading of satellite signals? +A. Circular polarized noise interference radiated from the sun B. Rotation of the satellite and its antennas C. Doppler shift of the received signal -D. Interfering signals within the satellite uplink band +D. Interfering signals within the satellite uplink band diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B11 2018-07-15 23:19:06.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T8B11 (C) -What is a commonly used method of sending signals to and from a digital satellite? -A. USB AFSK -B. PSK31 -C. FM Packet -D. WSJT +T8B11 (A) +Who may receive telemetry from a space station? +A. Anyone who can receive the telemetry signal +B. A licensed radio amateur with a transmitter equipped for interrogating the satellite +C. A licensed radio amateur who has been certified by the protocol developer +D. A licensed radio amateur who has registered for an access code from AMSAT diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8B12 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8B12 2018-07-15 23:19:14.000000000 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +T8B12 (C) +Which of the following is a good way to judge whether your uplink power is neither too low nor too high? +A. Check your signal strength report in the telemetry data +B. Listen for distortion on your downlink signal +C. Your signal strength on the downlink should be about the same as the beacon +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C01 2018-07-15 23:19:18.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T8C01 (C) Which of the following methods is used to locate sources of noise interference or jamming? A. Echolocation -B. Doppler radar +B. Doppler radar C. Radio direction finding D. Phase locking diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C03 2018-07-15 23:19:26.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T8C03 (A) -What popular operating activity involves contacting as many stations as possible during a specified period of time? +What operating activity involves contacting as many stations as possible during a specified period? A. Contesting B. Net operations C. Public service events diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C04 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C04 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C04 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C04 2018-07-15 23:25:26.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T8C04 (C) Which of the following is good procedure when contacting another station in a radio contest? -A. Be sure to sign only the last two letters of your call if there is a pileup calling the station -B. Work the station twice to be sure that you are in his log +A. Sign only the last two letters of your call if there are many other stations calling +B. Contact the station twice to be sure that you are in his log C. Send only the minimum information needed for proper identification and the contest exchange D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C06 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T8C06 (B) -How is access to an IRLP node accomplished? -A. By obtaining a password which is sent via voice to the node +How is access to some IRLP nodes accomplished? +A. By obtaining a password that is sent via voice to the node B. By using DTMF signals -C. By entering the proper Internet password +C. By entering the proper internet password D. By using CTCSS tone codes diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C07 2018-07-15 23:20:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T8C07 (B) [97.215(c)] -What is the maximum power allowed when transmitting telecommand signals to radio controlled models? -A. 500 milliwatts -B. 1 watt -C. 25 watts -D. 1500 watts +T8C07 (D) +What is meant by Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) as used in amateur radio? +A. A set of rules specifying how to identify your station when linked over the internet to another station +B. A set of guidelines for contacting DX stations during contests using internet access +C. A technique for measuring the modulation quality of a transmitter using remote sites monitored via the internet +D. A method of delivering voice communications over the internet using digital techniques diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C08 2018-07-15 23:20:10.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T8C08 (C) [97.215(a)] -What is required in place of on-air station identification when sending signals to a radio control model using amateur frequencies? -A. Voice identification must be transmitted every 10 minutes -B. Morse code ID must be sent once per hour -C. A label indicating the licensee's name, call sign and address must be affixed to the transmitter -D. A flag must be affixed to the transmitter antenna with the station call sign in 1 inch high letters or larger +T8C08 (A) +What is the Internet Radio Linking Project (IRLP)? +A. A technique to connect amateur radio systems, such as repeaters, via the internet using Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) +B. A system for providing access to websites via amateur radio +C. A system for informing amateurs in real time of the frequency of active DX stations +D. A technique for measuring signal strength of an amateur transmitter via the internet diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C09 2018-07-15 23:20:16.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T8C09 (C) +T8C09 (D) How might you obtain a list of active nodes that use VoIP? -A. From the FCC Rulebook -B. From your local emergency coordinator +A. By subscribing to an on line service +B. From on line repeater lists maintained by the local repeater frequency coordinator C. From a repeater directory -D. From the local repeater frequency coordinator +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C10 2018-07-15 23:20:20.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T8C10 (D) -How do you select a specific IRLP node when using a portable transceiver? -A. Choose a specific CTCSS tone -B. Choose the correct DSC tone -C. Access the repeater autopatch -D. Use the keypad to transmit the IRLP node ID +What must be done before you may use the EchoLink system to communicate using a repeater? +A. You must complete the required EchoLink training +B. You must have purchased a license to use the EchoLink software +C. You must be sponsored by a current EchoLink user +D. You must register your call sign and provide proof of license diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C11 2018-07-15 23:20:25.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T8C11 (A) -What name is given to an amateur radio station that is used to connect other amateur stations to the Internet? +What name is given to an amateur radio station that is used to connect other amateur stations to the internet? A. A gateway B. A repeater C. A digipeater diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C12 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T8C12 (D) -What is meant by Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) as used in amateur radio? -A. A set of rules specifying how to identify your station when linked over the Internet to another station -B. A set of guidelines for working DX during contests using Internet access -C. A technique for measuring the modulation quality of a transmitter using remote sites monitored via the Internet -D. A method of delivering voice communications over the Internet using digital techniques diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8C13 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8C13 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T8C13 (A) -What is the Internet Radio Linking Project (IRLP)? -A. A technique to connect amateur radio systems, such as repeaters, via the Internet using Voice Over Internet Protocol -B. A system for providing access to websites via amateur radio -C. A system for informing amateurs in real time of the frequency of active DX stations -D. A technique for measuring signal strength of an amateur transmitter via the Internet diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D01 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T8D01 (D) -Which of the following is an example of a digital communications method? -A. Packet -B. PSK31 -C. MFSK +Which of the following is a digital communications mode? +A. Packet radio +B. IEEE 802.11 +C. JT65 D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D03 2018-07-15 23:20:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T8D03 (D) -Which of the following devices provides data to the transmitter when sending automatic position reports from a mobile amateur radio station? +Which of the following devices is used to provide data to the transmitter when sending automatic position reports from a mobile amateur radio station? A. The vehicle speedometer B. A WWV receiver C. A connection to a broadcast FM sub-carrier receiver diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D04 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D04 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D04 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D04 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T8D04 (C) -What type of transmission is indicated by the term NTSC? +What type of transmission is indicated by the term "NTSC?" A. A Normal Transmission mode in Static Circuit B. A special mode for earth satellite uplink C. An analog fast scan color TV signal diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D05 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D05 2018-07-15 23:20:50.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T8D05 (A) Which of the following is an application of APRS (Automatic Packet Reporting System)? -A. Providing real time tactical digital communications in conjunction with a map showing the locations of stations +A. Providing real-time tactical digital communications in conjunction with a map showing the locations of stations B. Showing automatically the number of packets transmitted via PACTOR during a specific time interval -C. Providing voice over Internet connection between repeaters +C. Providing voice over internet connection between repeaters D. Providing information on the number of stations signed into a repeater diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D06 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T8D06 (B) -What does the abbreviation PSK mean? +What does the abbreviation "PSK" mean? A. Pulse Shift Keying B. Phase Shift Keying C. Packet Short Keying diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D07 2018-07-15 23:21:06.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T8D07 (D) -What is PSK31? -A. A high-rate data transmission mode -B. A method of reducing noise interference to FM signals -C. A method of compressing digital television signals -D. A low-rate data transmission mode +T8D07 (A) +Which of the following best describes DMR (Digital Mobile Radio)? +A. A technique for time-multiplexing two digital voice signals on a single 12.5 kHz repeater channel +B. An automatic position tracking mode for FM mobiles communicating through repeaters +C. An automatic computer logging technique for hands-off logging when communicating while operating a vehicle +D. A digital technique for transmitting on two repeater inputs simultaneously for automatic error correction diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D08 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D08 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D08 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D08 2018-07-15 23:21:13.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T8D08 (D) Which of the following may be included in packet transmissions? -A. A check sum which permits error detection -B. A header which contains the call sign of the station to which the information is being sent +A. A check sum that permits error detection +B. A header that contains the call sign of the station to which the information is being sent C. Automatic repeat request in case of error -D. All of these choices are correct +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D09 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ A. Baudot B. Hamming C. International Morse -D. Gray +D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D10 2018-07-15 23:21:21.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T8D10 (D) -Which of the following can be used to transmit CW in the amateur bands? -A. Straight Key -B. Electronic Keyer -C. Computer Keyboard +Which of the following operating activities is supported by digital mode software in the WSJT suite? +A. Moonbounce or Earth-Moon-Earth +B. Weak-signal propagation beacons +C. Meteor scatter D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D11 2018-07-15 23:21:35.000000000 +0000 @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ What is an ARQ transmission system? A. A special transmission format limited to video signals B. A system used to encrypt command signals to an amateur radio satellite -C. A digital scheme whereby the receiving station detects errors and sends a request to the sending station to retransmit the information -D. A method of compressing the data in a message so more information can be sent in a shorter time +C. A digital scheme whereby the receiving station detects errors and sends a request to the sending station to retransmit the information +D. A method of compressing the data in a message so more information can be sent in a shorter time diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D12 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D12 2018-07-15 23:21:44.000000000 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +T8D12 (A) +Which of the following best describes Broadband-Hamnet(TM), also referred to as a high-speed multi-media network? +A. An amateur-radio-based data network using commercial Wi-Fi gear with modified firmware +B. A wide-bandwidth digital voice mode employing DRM protocols +C. A satellite communications network using modified commercial satellite TV hardware +D. An internet linking protocol used to network repeaters diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D13 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D13 2018-07-15 23:21:52.000000000 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +T8D13 (B) +What is FT8? +A. A wideband FM voice mode +B. A digital mode capable of operating in low signal-to-noise conditions that transmits on 15-second intervals +C. An eight channel multiplex mode for FM repeaters +D. A digital slow scan TV mode with forward error correction and automatic color compensation diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D14 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D14 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T8D14 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T8D14 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +T8D14 (C) +What is an electronic keyer? +A. A device for switching antennas from transmit to receive +B. A device for voice activated switching from receive to transmit +C. A device that assists in manual sending of Morse code +D. An interlock to prevent unauthorized use of a radio diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A02 2018-07-15 23:22:08.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -T9A02 (B) -Which of the following is true regarding vertical antennas? -A. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the Earth -B. The electric field is perpendicular to the Earth -C. The phase is inverted -D. The phase is reversed +T9A02 (A) +Which of the following describes a type of antenna loading? +A. Inserting an inductor in the radiating portion of the antenna to make it electrically longer +B. Inserting a resistor in the radiating portion of the antenna to make it resonant +C. Installing a spring in the base of a mobile vertical antenna to make it more flexible +D. Strengthening the radiating elements of a beam antenna to better resist wind damage diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A03 2018-07-15 23:22:13.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T9A03 (B) -Which of the following describes a simple dipole mounted so the conductor is parallel to the Earth's surface? -A. A ground wave antenna +Which of the following describes a simple dipole oriented parallel to the Earth's surface? +A. A ground-wave antenna B. A horizontally polarized antenna C. A rhombic antenna -D. A vertically polarized antenna +D. A vertically polarized antenna diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A04 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A04 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A04 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A04 2018-07-15 23:22:19.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T9A04 (A) -What is a disadvantage of the "rubber duck" antenna supplied with most handheld radio transceivers? -A. It does not transmit or receive as effectively as a full-sized antenna -B. It transmits a circularly polarized signal -C. If the rubber end cap is lost it will unravel very quickly +What is a disadvantage of the "rubber duck" antenna supplied with most handheld radio transceivers when compared to a full-sized quarter-wave antenna? +A. It does not transmit or receive as effectively +B. It transmits only circularly polarized signals +C. If the rubber end cap is lost, it will unravel very easily D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A06 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A06 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A06 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A06 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T9A06 (C) What type of antennas are the quad, Yagi, and dish? A. Non-resonant antennas -B. Loop antennas +B. Log periodic antennas C. Directional antennas D. Isotropic antennas diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A07 2018-07-15 23:22:33.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T9A07 (A) -What is a good reason not to use a "rubber duck" antenna inside your car? -A. Signals can be significantly weaker than when it is outside of the vehicle -B. It might cause your radio to overheat +What is a disadvantage of using a handheld VHF transceiver, with its integral antenna, inside a vehicle? +A. Signals might not propagate well due to the shielding effect of the vehicle +B. It might cause the transceiver to overheat C. The SWR might decrease, decreasing the signal strength D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A09 2018-07-15 23:22:43.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T9A09 (C) -What is the approximate length, in inches, of a 6 meter 1/2-wavelength wire dipole antenna? +What is the approximate length, in inches, of a half-wavelength 6 meter dipole antenna? A. 6 B. 50 C. 112 diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A10 2018-07-15 23:22:49.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T9A10 (C) -In which direction is the radiation strongest from a half-wave dipole antenna in free space? +In which direction does a half-wave dipole antenna radiate the strongest signal? A. Equally in all directions B. Off the ends of the antenna C. Broadside to the antenna diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A11 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A11 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A11 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A11 2018-07-15 23:23:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T9A11 (C) -What is meant by the gain of an antenna? +What is the gain of an antenna? A. The additional power that is added to the transmitter power B. The additional power that is lost in the antenna when transmitting on a higher frequency -C. The increase in signal strength in a specified direction when compared to a reference antenna +C. The increase in signal strength in a specified direction compared to a reference antenna D. The increase in impedance on receive or transmit compared to a reference antenna diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A12 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A12 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A12 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A12 2018-07-15 23:23:09.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T9A12 (A) -What is a reason to use a properly mounted 5/8 wavelength antenna for VHF or UHF mobile service? -A. It offers a lower angle of radiation and more gain than a 1/4 wavelength antenna and usually provides improved coverage -B. It features a very high angle of radiation and is better for communicating via a repeater -C. The 5/8 wavelength antenna completely eliminates distortion caused by reflected signals -D. The 5/8 wavelength antenna offers a 10-times power gain over a 1/4 wavelength design +What is an advantage of using a properly mounted 5/8 wavelength antenna for VHF or UHF mobile service? +A. It has a lower radiation angle and more gain than a 1/4 wavelength antenna +B. It has very high angle radiation for better communicating through a repeater +C. It eliminates distortion caused by reflected signals +D. It has 10 times the power gain of a 1/4 wavelength design diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A13 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A13 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A13 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A13 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T9A13 (C) -Why are VHF or UHF mobile antennas often mounted in the center of the vehicle roof? -A. Roof mounts have the lowest possible SWR of any mounting configuration -B. Only roof mounting can guarantee a vertically polarized signal -C. A roof mounted antenna normally provides the most uniform radiation pattern -D. Roof mounted antennas are always the easiest to install diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A14 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A14 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9A14 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9A14 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -T9A14 (A) -Which of the following terms describes a type of loading when referring to an antenna? -A. Inserting an inductor in the radiating portion of the antenna to make it electrically longer -B. Inserting a resistor in the radiating portion of the antenna to make it resonant -C. Installing a spring at the base of the antenna to absorb the effects of collisions with other objects -D. Making the antenna heavier so it will resist wind effects when in motion diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9B01 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9B01 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9B01 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9B01 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T9B01 (B) -Why is it important to have a low SWR in an antenna system that uses coaxial cable feed line? -A. To reduce television interference -B. To allow the efficient transfer of power and reduce losses +Why is it important to have low SWR when using coaxial cable feed line? +A. To reduce television interference +B. To reduce signal loss C. To prolong antenna life D. All of these choices are correct diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9B02 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9B02 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9B02 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9B02 2018-07-15 23:23:16.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T9B02 (B) -What is the impedance of the most commonly used coaxial cable in typical amateur radio installations? +What is the impedance of most coaxial cables used in amateur radio installations? A. 8 ohms B. 50 ohms C. 600 ohms diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9B03 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9B03 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9B03 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9B03 2018-07-15 23:23:23.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T9B03 (A) -Why is coaxial cable used more often than any other feed line for amateur radio antenna systems? +Why is coaxial cable the most common feed line selected for amateur radio antenna systems? A. It is easy to use and requires few special installation considerations B. It has less loss than any other type of feed line C. It can handle more power than any other type of feed line -D. It is less expensive than any other types of feed line +D. It is less expensive than any other type of feed line diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9B04 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9B04 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9B04 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9B04 2018-07-15 23:23:31.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T9B04 (A) -What does an antenna tuner do? +What is the major function of an antenna tuner (antenna coupler)? A. It matches the antenna system impedance to the transceiver's output impedance B. It helps a receiver automatically tune in weak stations C. It allows an antenna to be used on both transmit and receive diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9B05 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9B05 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9B05 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9B05 2018-07-15 23:23:35.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T9B05 (D) -What generally happens as the frequency of a signal passing through coaxial cable is increased? -A. The apparent SWR increases -B. The reflected power increases +In general, what happens as the frequency of a signal passing through coaxial cable is increased? +A. The characteristic impedance decreases +B. The loss decreases C. The characteristic impedance increases D. The loss increases diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9B07 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9B07 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9B07 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9B07 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T9B07 (C) Which of the following is true of PL-259 type coax connectors? A. They are preferred for microwave operation -B. They are water tight +B. They are watertight C. They are commonly used at HF frequencies D. They are a bayonet type connector diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9B09 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9B09 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9B09 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9B09 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ T9B09 (B) -What might cause erratic changes in SWR readings? +What can cause erratic changes in SWR readings? A. The transmitter is being modulated B. A loose connection in an antenna or a feed line C. The transmitter is being over-modulated diff -Nru hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9B10 hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9B10 --- hamexam-1.5.0/share/T/T9B10 2014-06-15 17:16:19.000000000 +0000 +++ hamexam-1.6.0/share/T/T9B10 2018-07-15 22:40:36.000000000 +0000 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ T9B10 (C) -What electrical difference exists between the smaller RG-58 and larger RG-8 coaxial cables? +What is the electrical difference between RG-58 and RG-8 coaxial cable? A. There is no significant difference between the two types -B. RG-58 cable has less loss at a given frequency +B. RG-58 cable has two shields C. RG-8 cable has less loss at a given frequency D. 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